(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST - 325 liam sabin, A. Anthony-10th Ward, I. U. Masters, William Wellhouse —11th Ward. J. Coonrad, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Merrill Barlow; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill: auditor, J. B. Bartlett ; street commissioner, Edward Russell; superintendent of markets, W. G. Steadman; police judge, 1saac C. Vail; police clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, C. A. Hinckley; chief of fire department, Edwin Hart. 1862. Mayor, Edward S. Flint; president of councir, 1rvine U. Masters; trustees-1st Ward, J. J. Benton, C. C. Rogers-2nd Ward, T. N. Bond, A. Roberts-3rd Ward, A. C. Keating, H. S. Stevens-4th Ward, Henry Blair, E. Thomas-5th Ward, Joseph Sturges, Nathan P. Payne-6th Ward, John Huntington, William Meyer-7th Ward, P. M. Freese, E. S. Willard-8th Ward, Solon Corning, J. D. Palmer-9th Ward, A. Anthony, A. T. Van Tassel-10th Ward. William Wellhouse, I. U. Masters—11th Ward, J. Coonrad, Thomas Dixon ; attorney, Merrill Barlow; treasurer, William Hart; civil engineer, Charles D. Bishop; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, J. B. Bartlett: street commissioner, Edward Russell; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; judge of police court, Isaac C. Vail (Edward Hessenmueller, pro tern); police clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, M. Gallagher; chief of fire department, Edwin Hart. 1863. Mayor, 1rvine U. Masters; president of the council, H. S. Stevens; trustees—let Ward, C. C. Rogers, Thomas Jones, Jr.-2nd Ward, A. Roberts, T. N. Bond-3rd Ward, H. S. Stevens, A. C. Keating —4th Ward, E Thomas, Henry Blair-5th Ward, N. P. Payne, Joseph Sturges-6th Ward, John Huntington, George W. Gardner-7th Ward E. S. Willard, Peter Goldrick-8th Ward, Joseph Ransom, J. D. Palmer-9th Ward, A. T. Van Tassel, Percival Upton-10th Ward, H. N. Bissett, George Presley—11th Ward, J. Coonrad, Stephen Buhrer; attorney, John C. Grannis; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, J. H. Sergeant; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, John Given; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, E. Hessenmueller; police clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, John N. Frazee; chie f of fire department, Edwin Hart. 1864. Mayor, Irvine U. Masters; (died, and George B. Senter elected by council in his place); president of council, Thomas Jones, Jr.: trustees—let Ward, T. Jones, Jr.; Charles C. Rogers-2nd Ward, T. N. Bond, Ansel Roberts-3rd Ward, A. C. Keating, Amos Townsend-4th Ward, Henry Blair, David A. Dangler-5th Ward, Joseph Sturges, B. P. Bower —6th Ward, G. W. Gardner. John Huntington-7th Ward, Peter Goldrick, E. S. Willard-8th Ward, Joseph Randerson, William H. Truscott —9th Ward, P. Upton, John Martin-10th Ward, George Presley, Michael Crapser—11th Ward, S. Buhrer, E. Russell; attorney, J. C. Grannis; treasurer, Wm. Hart; civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; strut commissioner, John Given; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, E. Hessenmueller; police clerk, J. Schroeder; marshal, J. N. Frazee; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1865. Mayor, Herman M. Chapin; president of council, T. Jones, Jr.; trustees-1st Ward, C. C. Rogers, T. Jones, Jr.-2nd Ward, A. Roberts Henry K. Reynolds-3rd Ward, A. Townsend, R. Crawford-4th Ward, D. A. Dangler, Simson Thorman-5th Ward, B. P. Bower, Joseph Sturges-6th Ward, John Huntington, George W. Calkins-7th Ward, E. S. Willard, Charles B. Pettingill-8th Ward, W. H. Truscott, Joseph Randerson-9th Ward, John Martin, Frederick W. Pelton-10th Ward, John J. Weideman, George Presley—11th Ward, E. Russell, S. Buhrer; attorney, R. B. Dennis; treasurer, William Hart; civil engineer, John White- law; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; marshal, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1866. Mayor, Herman M. Chapin ; president of council, F. W. Pelton, trustees—let Ward, T. Jones, Jr., C. C. Rogers-2d Ward, H. K. Reynolds, A. Roberts-3rd Ward, R. Crawford, A. -Townsend-4th Ward, S. Thorman, Maurice B. Clark-5th Ward, J. Sturges, William Heisley -6th Ward, G. W. Calkins, J. Huntington-7th Ward, C. B. Pettingill, Christopher Weigel-8th Ward, Joseph Randerson, W. H. Truscott--9th Ward, F. W. Pelton, J. Martin-10th Ward, Reuben H. Becker, G. Presley—11th Ward, S. Bahrer, Robert Larnder; attorney, R. B. Dennis; treasurer, William Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad; superintendent of markets, G. Folsom; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police, J. N. Frazee; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1867. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees—let Ward, C. C. Rogers, Silas Merchaat-2nd Ward, A. Roberts, Peter Diemer-3rd ward, A. Townsend, J. C. Shields-4th Ward, Maurice-B. Clark, Proctor Thayer-5th Ward, W. Heisley, Thomas Purcell-6th Ward, J. Huntington, Edwin Hart-7th Ward, Christopher Weigel, C. B. Pettingill-8th Ward, W. H. Truscott, Joseph Houstain-9th Ward, J. Martin, F. W, Pelton—10th Ward, R. H. Becker, William Wellhouse—11th Ward, R. Larnder, Charles E. Gehring; attorney, A. 7'. Brinsmade; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad; superintendent of markets, G. Randerson; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police, John N. Fritzee; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1868. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees—1st Ward, S. Merchant, C. C. Rogers-2nd Ward, Peter Diemer, H. G. Cleveland-3rd Ward J. C. Shields, A. Townsend-4th Ward, Proctor Thayer, M. B. Clark—5th Ward, Thomas Purcell, N. P. Payne6th Ward, Edwin Hart, J. Huntington-7th Ward, C. B. Pettingill, George Angel-8th Ward, Jos. Houstain, Patrick Carr-9th Ward, F. W. Pelton, John Martin-10th Ward. William Wellhouse, J. J. Weideman—11th Ward, Chas. E. Gehring, George L. Hartnell-12th Ward, Eugene C. Gaeckley, Benjamin R. Beavis-13th Ward, George Rettberg, Major Collins-14th Ward, John Jokus, A. E. Massey-15th Ward, B. Lied, John A. Ensign; attorney, A. T. Brinsmade; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, C. H. Strong: clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, J. Coonrad ; superintendent of markets, George Henderson; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police, Thomas McKinstry; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1869. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees—1st Ward, S. Merchant, C. C. Rogers-2nd Ward, H. G. Cleveland, P. Diemer-3rd Ward, A. Townsend, Charles Coates-4th Ward, R. R. Herrick, Proctor Thayer-5th Ward, N. P. Payne, Thomas Purcell6th Ward, John Huntington, W. P. Horton-7th Ward, George Angel, Horace Fuller-8th Ward, Patrick Carr, Patrick Smith-9th Ward, J. Martin, L. M. Coe-10th Ward, J. J. Weideman, William Wellhouse-11th Ward, George L. Hartnell, John G. Vetter-12th Ward, Benj. R. Beavis, E. C. Gaeckley-13th Ward, George Rettberg, J. H. Slawson14th Ward. A. E. Massey, A. A Jewett-15th Ward—J. A. Ensign, C. W. Coates; attorney, T. J. Careen ; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, C. H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, G. Randerson; police judge, J. D. Cleveland; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police, T. McKinstry; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1870. Mayor, Stephen Buhrer; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees—1st Ward, S. Merchant, George Weckerling-2nd Ward, P. Diemer, J. P. Robinson-3rd Ward, C. Coates, A. Townsend-4th Ward, P. Thayer, H. W. Leutkemeyer-5th Ward, Thomas Purcell, N. P. Payne —6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington-7th Ward, Horace Fuller, George Angel-8th Ward. Patrick Smith, Edward Costello-9th Ward, L. M. Coe, J. Martin-10th Ward, William Wellhouse, L. D. Benedict 11th Ward--J. G. Vetter, Jacob Dahler-12th Ward, E. C. Gaeckley, Bella R. Beavis-13th Ward, J. H. Slawson, George Rettberg-14th Ward, A. A. Jewett, A. E. Massey-15th Ward, Cullen W. Coates, James Parker; attorney, T. J. Carran; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, C. E. Hill; auditor, C. E. Hill; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, George Randerson: police judge, J. D. Cleveland; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; superintendent of police, John H. W illiston; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1871. Mayor, Frederick W. Pelton; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees-1st Ward, George Weckerling, S. Merchant-2nd Ward, J. P. Robison, W. H. Gaylord-3rd Ward. A. Townsend, J. H. Farley4th Ward, H. W. Luetkemeyer. Orlando J. Hodge-5th Ward, N. P. Payne, Thomas Purcell-6th Ward, J. Huntington, W. P. Horton-7th Ward, George Angel, J. L. McIntosh-8th Ward, Edward Costello, Patrick Smith-9th Ward, L. M. Coe, John Martin-10th Ward, L. D. Benedict, S. H. Crowl—11th Ward, Jacob Dabler, J, G. Vetter-12th Ward, B. R. Beavis, John Hornsey-13th Ward. G. Rettberg, J. H. Slawson-14th Ward, M. J. Holly, A. A. Jewett-15th Ward, James Parker, J. Y. Black; solicitor, W. C. Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, C. H, Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, William Backus; police judge, J. W. Towner; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1872. Mayor, Frederick W. Pelton; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees—let Ward, S. Merchant, J. C. Grannis-2nd Ward, W. H. Gaylord, Philip Roeder-3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, A. Townsend-4th Ward, O. J. Hodge, George M. Barber-5th Ward, T. Purcell, W. B. Rezner—6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington-7th Ward, John L. McIntosh, George Angel-8th Ward, P. Smith, E. Costello-9th Ward, L. M. Coe, J. Martin—10th Ward, S. H. Crowl, L. D. Benedict-11th Ward, J. G, Vetter, Charles Higgins-12th Ward, John Hornsey, Frederick Haltnorth-13th Ward, J. H. Slawson, C. Delaney-14th Ward, A. A, Jewett, N. P. Glazier-15th Ward, J. Y. Black, J. B. Bruggeman; solicitor, W. C. Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, C. H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, Wm. Backus; police judge, J. W. Towner; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, Jacob W. Schmitt; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1873, Mayor, Charles A. Otis; president of council, A. Townsend; trustees-1st Ward, J. C. Grannis, Jacob Striebinger-2nd Ward, P. Roeder, W. H. Gaylord-3rd Ward, A. Townsend, James Barnett-4th Ward, J. J. Vogt, O. J. Hodge-5th Ward, W. B. Rezner, T. Purcell6th Ward, W. P. Horton, J. Huntington-7th Ward, G. Angel, Edward Angell-8th Ward, E. Costello, William Kelly-9th Ward, A. T. Van Tassel, George T. Chapman-10th Ward, L. D. Benedict, W. M. Bayne—11th Ward, Charles Higgins, E. Russell-12th Ward, F. Ortli, John Hornsey —13th Ward, C. Delaney, W. C. North-14th Ward, N. P. Glazier, George W. Morgan-15th Ward, J. B. Bruggeman, J. W. Grimshaw-16th Ward, 326 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. H. H. Thorp, Frank H. Kelley-17th Ward, Robert Harlow, Charles D Everett; solicitor, W. C. Bunts; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner, Jacob Bittel; superintendent of markets, J. . Vetter; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; chief of fire department, James Hill. 1874. Mayor, Charles A. Otis; president of council, H.. Kelley; trustees—1st Ward, J. Striebinger, Hazen Hughes-2nd Ward, W. H. Gaylord, Henry C. Burt-3rd Ward, J. Barnett, John H. Farley-4th Ward, 0. J. Hodge, Daniel Marshall-5th Ward, T. Purcell, James McGrath- 6th Ward, W. P. Horton, Joseph Hackman-7th Ward. E. Angell, C. Kushman-8th Ward, William Kelley, 0. J. Gallagher-9th Ward, G. T. Chapman, A. T. Van Tassel-10th Ward, W. M. Bayne, S. Buhrer—11th Ward, E. Russell, Charles Higgins-12th Ward, J. Hornsey, Henry Hoffman-13th Ward, W. C. North, J. C. Hemmeter-14th Ward, G. W. Morgan, Ferdinand Eggers-15th Ward. J. W. Grimshaw, Jas. K. O'Reilly- 16th Ward, Frank H. Kelley, H. C. Ford-17th Ward, C. D. Everett, C. B. Lockwood-18th Ward, E. T. Hamilton, Joseph Turney; solicitor, George S. Hain; treasurer, S. T. Everett: civil engineer, Charles H. Strong; clerk, Theo. Voges; auditor, T. Jones, Jr, ; street commissioner; Jacob Bittel; 'superintendent of markets, J. G. Vetter: police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk, D. N. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, C. M. Stone; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; chief of fire department, J. Hill. 1875. Mayor, Nathan P. Payne; president of council, J, H. Farley; trustees-1st Ward, Hazen Hughes, N. S. Cobleigh-2nd Ward, H. C. Burt, C. H. DeForest-3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, P. L. Johnson 7th Ward, Daniel Marshall, 0. J. Hodge-5th Ward, James EcGrath, Peter Goldrick-6th Ward, Joseph Hackman, W. P. Horton-7th Ward, C. Kushman, Arthur Devine-8th Ward, 0. J. Gallagher, William Kelley- 9th Ward, A. T. Van Tassel, F. J. Weed—10th Ward, Stephen Buhrer, W. M. Bayne-11th Ward, Charles Higgins, John Sommer-12th Ward, Henry Hoffman, E. C. Gaeckley-13th Ward, J. C. Hemmeter, J. M. McKinstry-14th Ward, Ferd: Eggers, Ferdinand Svoboda-15th Ward, J. K. OlReilly, A. A. Axtell-16th Ward, H. C. Ford, William Sabin- 17th Ward, M. B. Gary, C. D. Everett-18th Ward, Joseph Turney, E. D. Sawyer; solicitor, William Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse; clerk, John L. McIntosh: auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner, J. G. Vetter; superintendent of markets, Edward Russell; police judge, P. F. Young; police clerk, F. E. McGinness; police prosecuting attorney, M. A. Foran: superintendent of police, J. W, Schmitt; president of fire commissioners, N. P. Payne; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. 1876. Mayor, Nathan P. Payne; president of council, Orlando J. Hodge; trustees-1st Ward, N. S. Cobleigh, T. M. Warner-2nd Ward, C. H. De Forest, G. W. Gardner-3d Ward. P. L. Johnson, J. H. Farley- 4th Ward, O. J. Hodge, T. H. White--5th Ward, P. Goldrick, Joseph Keary-6th Ward, W. H. Horton, John T. Watterson-7th Ward, Arthur Devine, E. Angell-8th Ward, William Kelley, D. J. Lawler-9th Ward, F. J. Weed, W. A. Morris-10th Ward, W. M. Bayne, W. E. Sherwood- 11th Ward, John Sommer, Martin Hipp-12th Ward, E. C. Gaeckley, Thomas Holmden-13th Ward, J. M. McKinstry, J. 31: Curtiss-14th Ward, Ferd. Svoboda, F. II. Barr-15th Ward, A. A. A xtell, J. W. Grimshaw-16th Ward, William Sabin, Henry Ford-17th Ward, C, D. Everett, A. H. Stone-18th Ward, E. D. Sawyer, George C. Hickox; so. licitor, William Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse: clerk, John L. EcIntosh; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.; street commissioner, J. G. Vetter: superintendent of markets, Edward Russell; police judge, P. F. Young; police clerk, Frank E. McGinness; police prosecuting attorney, M. A. Foran; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; presi dent of fire commissioners, Joseph Turney ; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. 1877. Mayor, William G. Rose ; president of council, Charles D. Everett; trustees-1st Ward, T. M. Warner, J. Striebinger-2nd Ward, G. W. Gardner, David Morison-3rd Ward, J. H. Farley, C. C. Schellenbrager-4th Ward, Thomas H. White, P. M. Spencer-5th Ward, Joseph Keary, Thomas Reilley-6th Ward, J. T. Watterson, S. M. Carpenter- 7th Ward, E. Angell, W. C. B. Richardson-8th Ward, D. J. Lawler, C. L. Russell-9th Ward, W. A. Morris, Frank Leonard-10th Ward, W. E. Sherwood, Andrew Cant-11th Ward, M. Hipp, George Warner-12th Ward, T. Holmden, F. G. Kaufholz-13th Ward, J. M. Curtiss, 1. P. Lamson-14th Ward, F. H. Barr, H. F. Hoppensack-15th Ward, J. W. Grimshaw, Charles Strever-16th Ward, Henry Ford, A. K. Spencer-17th Ward, C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone-18th Ward, George C. Hickox, William Jones; solicitor, W. Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse; clerk, J. L. McIntosh; auditor, T. Jones, Jr.: street commissioner, ,7, Bittel: superintendent of markets, Conrad Beck; police judge, R. D. Updegraff ; police clerk, 0. S. Gardner; police prosecuting attorney, U. H. Birney; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; president of fire commissionrs, Joseph Turney; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. 1878. Mayor, William G. Rose; president of council, Charles D. Everett: trustees-1st Ward. T. M. Warner, Jacob Striebinger-2nd Ward, George W. Gardner, David Morison-3rd Ward, C. C. Schellen trager, George W. Segur-4th Ward, P. M. Spencer, Edgar Decker-5th Ward, Thomas Reilley, J. Jackson Smith-6th Ward, S. M. Carpenter N. A. Gilbert-7th Ward, W. C. B. Richardson, Arthur Devine-8th Ward, C. L. Russell, John Darragh-9th Ward, Frank Leonard, H. M. Townsend-10th Ward, Andrew Cant. C. B. Clark-11th Ward, George Warner, Robert M. Cordes-12th Ward, F. G. Kaufholz, Frank Rieley13th Ward, J. M. Curtiss, J. P. Lamson-14th Ward, H. F. Hoppensack, Ferd. Eggers-15th Ward, J. W. Grimshaw, Charles Strever-16th Ward, A. K. Spencer, Alva J. Smith-17th Ward, C. D. Everett, A. H. Stone- 18th Ward, William Jones, William II. Lutton; solicitor, William Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse; clerk, W. H. Eckman; auditor, Henry Ford ; street commissioner, Jacob Bittell; superintendent of markets, Conrad reek; president of board of police, W. G. Rose; judge of police court, R. D. Updegraff; police clerk, O. S. Gardner: police prosecuting attorney, U. H. Birney; superintendent of police. Jacob W. Schmitt; president of board of fire commissioners, W. H. Radcliffe; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. 1879. Mayor, R. R. Herrick; president of council, G. W. Gardner; trustees—1st Ward, T. M. Warner, Chas. Burnside-2nd Ward, Geo. W. Gardner, David Morison-3rd Ward, Geo. W. Segur, C. C. Schellentrager-4th Ward, Edgar Decker, P. M. Spencer-5th Ward, J. J. Smith, Thos. Reilley-6th Ward, N. A. Gilbert, J. B. Glenn-7th Ward, Arthur Devine, H. Bowley-8th Ward, John Darragh, E. Cowley-9th Ward, H. M. Townsend, Franklin Leonard-10th Ward, C. B. Clark, G. L. Luce-11th Ward, C. H. Salisbury, Milton A. Gross-12th Ward, T. P. O'Shea, Henry Hoffman-13th Ward, J. M. Curtiss, T. F. Branch-14th Ward, Frank Buettner, T. G. Clewell-15th Ward, J. W. Grimshaw, A. A. Axtell-16th Ward, Albert Barnitz, A. K. Spencer-17th Ward, A. H. Stone, W. F, Walworth—l8th Ward, W. H. Lutton, W. H. Lamprecht; solicitor, William Heisley; treasurer, S. T. Everett; civil engineer, B. F. Morse; clerk, W. H. Eckman; auditor, Henry Ford; street commissioner, Frank Rieley; superintendent of markets, Conrad Beek; police judge, P. F. Young; police clerk, William Baxter; police prosecuting attorney, A. H. Lewis; superintendent of police, J. W. Schmitt; president of fire commissioners, W. H. Radcliffe; chief of fire department, J. A. Bennett. SUPERIOR COURT OF CLEVELAND. The first court of this name was organized in 1848, and abolished by the constitution of 1850. Sherlock J. Andrews was the only judge. Another court of the same name, with three judges, was established in 1873 and abolished in 1875; three judges being then added to the court of common pleas. The judges of the superior court were Gershom M. Barber, Seneca O. Griswold and James M. Jones. POSTMASTERS AT CLEVELAND— With the Years of Appointment. Elisha Norton, 1805; John Walworth, 1806; Ashbel W. Walworth, 1812; Daniel Kelley, 1816; Irad Kelley, 1816; Daniel Worley, 1830; Aaron Barker, 1840; Benjamin Andrews, 1841; Timothy P. Spencer, 1846; Daniel 31. Haskell, 1849; I. U. Gray, 1853; Benjamin Harrington, 1857; Edwin Cowles, 1861; George A Benedict, 1865; John W. Allen, 1870; N. B. Sherwin, 1875. COLLECTORS AT CLEVELAND— With Years of Appointment. John Walworth, January 17, 1806; Ashbel W. Walworth, 1812; Samuel Starkweather, 1829 ; George B. Merwin, 1840; William Milford, 1841; Smith 1nglehart, 1845; C. L. Russell, 1849; Robert Parks, 1853; B. Brownell, 1860; Charles L. Ballard, April, 1861; John C. Grannie, April, 1865; Pendleton G. Watmough, 1869; George W. Howe, 1877. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 327 CHAPTER LXVI. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. J. W. Allen—S. J. Andrews—W. W. Armstrong—E. I. Baldwin—Melancthon Barnett—G. A. Benedict—H. F. Biggar—William Bowler— Alva Bradley—Francis Branch—Gaius Burk—Stevenson Burke—Leonard Case—Selah Chamberlain—Henry Chisholm—William Chisholm —Ahira Cobb--J. M. Coffinberry—William Collins—E. W. Cowles— Edwin Cowles—Samuel Cowles—D. W. Cross—John Crowell. JOHN W. ALLEN. John W. Allen was horn in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1802. He resided in Chenango county, New York, from 1820 to 1823, when he removed to Cleveland, where he has ever since lived. He was admitted to the bar the next year, and for several succeeding years was engaged in the active practice of his profession. In 1831 Mr. Allen was elected president of the village of Cleveland, and was re-elected each of the succeeding four years. During this time a great amount of grading and cutting down streets was done to facilitate access to and from the river; causing loud complaints from many property-owners, who thought nature had already arranged the grades about right. In 18:35 he was chosen to the Stale senate, in which he served two years. In 1836 he was elected to Congress, taking his seat at the extra session called in September, 1837, and ill 1838 was re-elected. In 1841 he was elected mayor of the city of Cleveland. Looking ahead to the probable necessities of the future, while in the legislature, he procured the passage of an act to incorporate the "Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad Company," but the memorable financial collapse of 1837, extending through several subsequent years, prevented action upon it. In 1846 the subject was revived, and after many struggles the company was organized, and Mr. Allen was chosen the first president. About that time "The State Bank of Ohio" was authorized, with branches in the principal towns of the State; five commissioners being appointed to examine the applications, ascertain the means of the applicants, and determine whether the law had been complied with. Mr. Allen was selected as one of these commissioners. Another subject on which he was long and earnestly employed was the settlement of the claims of Ohio in regard to the public lands. At an early day Congress had granted to the State of Ohio every alternate section of the public lands for five miles in width, on each side of the line of the proposed Maumee canal, in aid of its construction, and had also granted half a million acres in aid of the Ohio canal, on which there were no public lands. This latter land was to be selected out of any unsold public territory. In making the selections of these lands, many mistakes were made through ignorance or carelessness, and many tracts to which the State had no claim were sold the occupants of which were liable to be dispossessed at any moment. The State had made two or three settlements with the general government, and its officers had thrice acknowledged satisfaction in full, but Mr. Allen, believing that some of the rules on which settlement was made were grossly erroneous, proposed to the legislature, in the winter of 1849-50, to make a thorough examination and revision of the whole business. That body consented, and the governor, under its authority, appointed Mr. Allen as the agent to do the work. For his compensation he was to have one third of any additional lands he might obtain; the State in no event to be called on for expenses of any kind. By getting the rules governing the former settlement modified or reversed, and thereby extending the scope of the grants, and by securing two acts of Congress, the last ceding to the State not only all the lands erroneously selected, but all the scattered remnants of government land in the State, Mr. Allen added one hundred and twenty thousand acres to the amount previously admitted by the government to belong to Ohio—and secured a perfect title to every acre of it. To accomplish this required five years of time, and involved a heavy outlay for expenses. Unfortunately for Mr. Allen, during all this time the State officers had gone on selling land, and when he had finished his work there was but little left, and that of slight value. After years of painful delay, he was compelled to take in money about one-sixth part of what his third of the land would have been worth had it been conveyed to him as agreed. This is the only case of practical repudiation with which the great State of Ohio stands chargeable, so far as now known. In 1870 Mr. Allen was appointed post master of Cleveland, and was re-appointed in 1874, but resigned the position the following year. Mr. Allen was married, at Warren, Ohio, to Miss Anna Maria Perkins, who died the succeeding year. In 1830 he was married, at Lyme, Connecticut, to Miss Harriet C. Mathew, who is still living. Among the enterprising and energetic young men who lived in Cleveland in its early days, no one was more conspicuous or more serviceable in advancing the interests of the village and 'city than the subject of this sketch, according to the testimony of Cleveland's oldest and most reliable inhabitants. SHERLOCK J. ANDREWS. This gentleman, a son of Dr. John Andrews, was born in Wallingford, New Haven county, Connecticut, on the 17th of November, 1801. His father was a prominent physician of Wallingford, and in later years was a resident of Cleveland. The younger Andrews pursued his preparatory studies at the Episcopal academy at Cheshire, Connecticut, and subsequently entered Union college at Schenectady, New York, whence he was graduated in 1821. 328 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Subsequently he was employed as private secretary and assistant in chemistry by Professor Silliman, a relation which proved equally satisfactory to both. Professor Silliman says of him in his diary: "He was a young man of a vigorous and active mind, energetic and quick in his movements and decisions, with a warm heart and genial temper; of the best moral and social habits; a quick and skillful penman; an agreeable inmate of my family, in which we made him quite at home. * * * He continued about four years, serving with ability and the zeal of an affectionate son, without whom I could scarcely have retained my place in the college." During the above engagement Mr. Andrews had studied law at the New Haven law school, and in 1825 he removed to Cleveland where, after obtaining admission to the bar, he commenced the practice of his profession in company with Judge Samuel Cowles. In 1828, he married Miss Ursula Allen of Litchfield, Connecticut, daughter of John Allen, a member of congress from that State, and sister of Hon. John W. Allen, of Cleveland. Soon after the retirement of Mr. Cowles, Mr. Andrews formed a partnership with John A. Foot, Esq., to which in 1837 Mr. James M. Hoyt, was admitted, the firm being Andrews, Foot and Hoyt, for many years among the most successful general practitioners in northern Ohio. In 1840 he was elected to repre sent the Cleveland district in Congress and served one term, after whrch he was obliged, on account of impaired health, to retire from public. life and from the most active part of professional duty. He continued, however, to act as counsel and advocate in important cases until 1848, when he was elected. judge,. of the. superior court of Cleveland. In 1850 he. was chosen. a member of the convention to forth. the new constitution of Ohio, and rendered valuable service as a member of the committees on judiciary, revision and temperance. The new constitution having revised the judiciary system and dispensed with the superior court, Judge Andrews resumed his legal practice. In 1873 he was again chosen one of the members of the convention to revise the constitution of the State, having received the nominations of both the Republican and Democratic parties. His ripe experience and superior ability were here called into requisition to aid in the improvement of the judiciary system. He was made chairman of the committee having this matter in charge, a position which he filled in the most satisfactory manner. Judge Andrews early won great celebrity as an advocate, and for forty years held a place in the front rank of the bar of Ohio. In a cause in which he was satisfied that he had justice and the law on his side, there was not an advocate in the State whose arguments were more nearly irresistible before a jury. He was unsurpassed in the use of those weapons so effective in debate-logic, sarcasm, wit, ridicule and pathos, without ever descending to coarseness or invective. His legal opinions have ever been held in very high esteem, being distinguished for clear conceptions' of the principles of law in their varied relations to practical life, and evincing rare ability in judging as to the probable verdict of a jury on mixed questions of law and fact. Eminent for legal learning, he combined with accurate knowledge of precedents unfailing discernment of the underlying principles which invested them with lasting value. As a jury lawyer,. Judge Andrews is permanently identified with the traditions of the bar and the history of legal practice in northern Ohio. The older lawyers still cherish vivid recollections of many cases when he was in full practice, in which his insight into character, his power to sift testimony and bring into clear relief the lines of truth, his ability to state legal principles so as to be clearly comprehensible by the jury, his humor, his wit, his pathos, his scorn of fraud, and his impetuosity in advocacy of the right, were all combined with such incisive utterance and such felicitous illustration as to make the deepest and most lasting impression upon all his hearers. By universal consent he was recognized as having few equals and no superior. As a judge he commanded the highest respect of all. His decisions were never influenced by personal or political predelections, and were given entirely according to the merits of the case and the requirements of the law. There is but a single record of any reversal of his decisions by a higher court, and that was owing solely to a clerical error made in the clerk's office. In politics he took little active part. Although constantly identified with the Whig and Republican parties, his habitual conservatism prevented the approval by him of any rash or extreme measures. Judge Andrews has through his long and active life commanded the highest respect as a man, a citizen, and a friend. We quote the following tribute by a life-long associate to his many excellent qualities: " Highly as Judge Andrews has adorned his profession, it is simply just to say that his unblemished character in every relation has equally adorned his manhood. He has ever been more than a mere lawyer. With a keen relish for historical and philosophical inquiry, a wide acquaintance with literature, and an earnest sympathy with all true progress in the present age, his life has also been practically subordinated to the faultless morality of Christianity. A community is truly enriched when it can present to its younger members such shining instances of sue.- cess in honorable endeavor, and such sterling excellence in character and example." BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 329 WILLIAM W. ARMSTRONG. William W. Armstrong, the editor-in-chief of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, and the president and principal stockholder of the Plain Dealer Printing Company, was born at New Lisbon, Columbiana county, Ohio, in the year 183:3. In 1848, at the age of fifteen, he became an apprentice in a printing office at Tiffin, the county seat of Seneca county. He worked at his chosen occupation until 1852, when his activity and ability caused him, though only nineteen years old, to be appointed registrar of the bank department of the State treasurer's office, of which position he performed the duties for two years to the entire satisfaction of his superiors. On retiring from the treasurer's office in 1854, young Armstrong returned to Tiffin, purchased the Seneca County Advertiser, published at that place, and entered on his majority and his editorial career about the same time. The young editor being an ardent Democrat, the Advertiser was Conducted as a Democratic organ of the strictest sect, and he being also a vigorous writer and a good husiness manager he soon uncle his paper a power in northwestern Ohio. His strength in his party was manifested in 1862, when, although still but twenty-nine years old, he was elected by the Democracy secretary of State of Ohio. After he had served one term of two years the Republicans returned to power, and Mr. Armstrong was again at liberty to resume his favorite pursuit of journalism. He accordingly, in 1865, purchased the material of the lately suspended Cleveland Plain Dealer, and transferred his efforts to the metropolis of northern Ohio. Owing to the death of the lamented J. W. Gray, and suhsequent unskillful management, the Plain Dealer had been hrought into a very unfortunate condition, as was indicated by its suspension. It is a severe task to revive a deceased newspaper, yet Mir. Armstrong not only did that but in a few years made the Plain Dealer one of the leading newspapers of the West. A clear, vigorous and ready writer, he naturally took a bold, aggressive course, and neither friends nor enemies ever had the slightest difficulty in knowing exactly what he meant. He showed himself on all occasions a Democrat of the old school of Jackson and Benton, unswerving in favor of State rights. home rule and hard money, and these time-honored principles he was prepared to maintain against all op-. pollen ts. His business management of the Plain Dealer has been as sound as his political course has been vigorous; he has raised it from the lifeless condition in which he found it, until its circulation is now second only to that of the Cincinnati Enquirer among the Democratic journals of Ohio, and its finances are in the most flourishing condition. He has lately transferred it to a stock company, but of that he is the president and the directing power. What he is in his office lre is out of it, a man of decided convictions and strong will, always a potent force in the councils of his party and in the community in which he resides. ELBERT IRVING BALDWIN. So far as circumstances go to make men what they are, a happy combination of them is to have been born in New England of a race possessing Puritan blood and instincts; to have one's youth guided by the wisdom of pious and judicious parents; to recieve an education in the midst of those favorable influences that exist in Eastern college towns; to be trained in business affairs by sturdy and capable merchants, and then to remove in early manhood to the West, where native generous impulses may be enlarged and where the most comprehensive views will find ample scope. Western cities are largely indebted for their enterprise and thrift to the presence and influence of such men, and Cleveland is especially favored in being the home of many who not only add to its importance as a commercial center, but contribute much to make it "the most beautiful city west of the Alleghanies." In the fall of 1853 the block on the corner of Superior and Seneca streets was completed, the largest and most important business building then in the city. Here Messrs. E. I. Baldwin & Co. began the dry goods business, the manager and active partner, Elbert Irving Baldwin, coming hither from New York to reside. He had spent his early life in New Haven, Connecticut, where he was born in 1829, and where he received the best educational advantages until about nineteen years of age, when a more active life seemed necessary, and he commenced his mercantile career with Sanford and Allen, a leading dry goods house of that city. Determined to know by experience every phase of the husiness, he "began at the beginning" and passed through all grades to the position of confidential clerk. Removing to New York city in order to obtain a knowledge of more extended commercial pursuits, he was there employed by the old firm of Tracy, Irwin & Co. When Mr. Baldwin came to Cleveland he found the field well occupied, there being a very large number of dry goods houses in the city, most of them doing business on the old fashioned credit system, and failures of course being common. The outlook was not favorable—the store he had engaged was said to be on the "wrong side" of the street, older merchants prophesied a speedy failure, and competition was strong and unprincipled, going so far in its efforts to injure the young merchant as to circulate false reports concerning his credit. Yet his business constantly increased, and in a few months was firmly established. Its history from that period to the present time, has been one of continued progress, every year witnessing a marked increase over the former. From the beginning this firm possessed the entire confidence of the largest and best merchants in the East, and has never been obliged to ask the slightest extension or favor in the way of credit. 330 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. The first direct importation of foreign dry goods to a Western city was made in 1857, by Messrs. Baldwin & Co., and to them is largely due the introduction of modern and improved methods of conducting business which are now very generally adopted by all good merchants. The rapid expansion of their' etail business, some years since, decided them to abandon the general jobbing trade and devote more attention to the distribution of goods among consumers, a stroke of policy which proved eminently successful. Perhaps no business requires greater talent to prosecute with profit than the management of a large emporium of dry goods. Natural ability, self-reliance, good judgment and quick perception are necessary, and must be supplemented by close application and unswerving integrity. It is shown by the experience of this firm that an establishment for the sale of merchandise can be so conducted as to prove a pecuniary benefit to the city, and a means of elevating the tastes of the community, besides giving permanent and useful employment to large numbers of persons, who are surrounded by good influences, and instructed to regard honesty not only as the "best policy " but as absolutely essential to the holding of any position in the house. During the first three years of the existence of the firm, Mr. Silas I. Baldwin was associated with it as capitalist, and in the selection of active partners Mr. Baldwin has been extremely fortunate. Mr. Harry R. Hatch is widely known in this connection, a man of sterling worth and untiring energy, now representing the house in Europe. Mr. Baldwin has never enjoyed vigorous health, but he has been able to carry the burden of this large business and has a thorough knowledge of its details. Of a naturally retiring disposition, and with a distaste for publicity, he has, while attending to the active duties of his business, taken time to continue his acquaintance with books, to cultivate his aesthetic tastes, and to travel extensively in this country and in Europe. An attendant of the Second Presbyterian church, of which he is an elder, he is not lacking in liberality to promote its usefulness, and every philanthropic and Christian enterprise has his hearty and generous sympathy. Mr. Baldwin was married, in 1855, to Miss Mary Jeannette Sterling, daughter of Oliver L. Sterling, of Lima, Livingston county, New York. Four of their children are living; the eldest, Elbert Francis Baldwin, being connected with his father's firm. MELANCTHON BARNETT. Melancthon Barnett came to Cleveland in 1825, and for fifty-four years has been one of its best known citizens, his prominence as a business man and public official enduring to the day of his retirement from active life. He was born in Amenia, New York, in 1789, and after a brisk experience in business in that State, during which he became a successful merchant., he removed in 1825 to Cleveland, in company with a Mr. May, with whom he became associated in storekeeping. In 1834 May & Barnett gave up their mercantile business and embarked in land speculations, which they carried on through many successful years. In 1843 Mr. Barnett was chosen treasurer of Cuyahoga county, and held the office continuously for six years; attending meanwhile to his real estate business, and also filling for a portion of that time the station of justice of the peace. Upon retiring from public office, he was called to be a director of the City Bank. For several years past he has been a director of the Merchants' National Bank, and, although now aged upwards of ninety, he is still active and visits the bank daily. He was married at Cherry Valley, New York, in 1815, to Miss Mary Clark, who died in Cleveland in 1840. Of their five children, there survive but two, Augustus Barnett, of Watertown, Wisconsin, and Gen. James Barnett, a member of the hardware firm of George Worthington & Co., of Cleveland. GEORGE A. BENEDICT. George A. Benedict, for many years editor-in-chief of the Cleveland Herald, was a native of Jefferson county, New York; having been born in Watertown on the 5th of August, 1813. Hg was descended from good revolutionary stock-his grandfathers, paternal and maternal, having both served in the war of Independence. His preparatory studies were pursued at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, after which he entered Yale College. While attending that institution he became involved in the celebrated college rebellion of 1S30, and, with a large number of students, left without graduating. Twenty-five years afterward the college, without his knowledge, conferred on him the honorary degree of A.M. When about eighteen years of age he commenced the study of law with Judge Robert Lansing, in Watertown, finishing his studies in the office of Sterling & Bronson. He was admitted to practice in New York, and in 1835 removed to Cleveland, where he entered the office of Andrews & Foot, being also for a short time in that of John W. Allen. Ho was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts in 1830, and immediately afterward formed a partnership with John Erwin, under the firm name of Erwin & Benedict. This partnership was dissolved after three years, when Mr. Benedict formed a new one with James K. Hitchcock; the firm of Benedict & Hitchcock continuing until 1848. In 1842 he was city attorney, and the following year was a member of the city council, being also made president of that body. In 1848 Mr. Benedict was appointed clerk of the superior court of Cleveland, but, on the adoption of the new constitution, that court was abolished. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 331 Mr. Benedict then purchased an interest in the Cleveland Herald, becoming a copartner with Messrs. J. A. Harris and A. W. Fairbanks. This arrangement continued for several years until, upon the retirement of Mr. Harris, Mr. Benedict became editorin-chief. His editorial career was characterized by the expression of his honest convictions, by a determination not to allow the columns of the paper to be the vehicle of personal prejudice or private. spite, and by a desire to be just to all, no matter what differences of opinion might exist. Ile gave, without exception, any one who fancied himself aggrieved the opportunity of setting himself right, in a proper manner, in the columns in which the alleged injury was committed. In addition to his editoral ability Mr. Benedict was one of the few really good writers of occasional newspaper letters, and during his absences from home his letters to the herald were looked for with interest and read with pleasure. Although taking a strong interest in political matters, as the editor of a political journal he uniformly confined his attention to the journalistic feature of politics and never sought nor desired political preferment. Formerly a member of the Whig party, he, upon the formation of the Republican party, espoused its principles and supported its organization. In 1865 Postmaster-General Dennison, unsolicited, tendered him the nomination as postmaster at Cleveland. The CAce was accepted and held for one term. He refused a reappointment, believing that it was not best that the editor of a political journal should hold a political office. In addition to his interest in the Herald he was a stockholder in several of the manufacturing concerns of the city. During the rebellion he was an earnest and energetic supporter of the Union. His only son entered the United States navy, and was in some of the most important work on the Atlantic coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. Mr. Benedict died, suddenly, on the 12th of May, 1876, of heart disease. The news of his death was received with unaffected sorrow by his business associates, his employees and his large circle of devoted friends. He had been a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church from its organization, and for many years was connected with its vestry. A liberal contributor to charitable and benevolent enterprises, an active promoter of the best interests of the city, and a kind and considerate associate and employer, he was respected and esteemed by all with whom he was brought in contact. Warm hearted, and far quicker to apologize and atone for an injury to others than to take offense at one to himself, he had many friends and few enemies. Mr. Benedict was married on the 12th day of June, 1839, to Sarah F. Rathbone, of Brownville, Jefferson county, New York, by whom he had three children. His only son, George S. Benedict, who after leaving the naval service had become connected with the business department of the Herald, was killed in a railway accident on the 6th of February, 1871. HAMILTON FISK BIGGAR. Dr. Hamilton F. Biggar was born in the village of Oakville, Upper Canada, on the 15th of March, 1839. His grandfather, Robert Biggar, was a native of Scotland, born in Dumfries, and a member of an ancient and numerous family, the Biggars of Biggarstown, Dumfries - the family being mentioned in "Scottish Queens" as "ancient and of good repute." lie was educated for a clergyman of the Scotch church, though he ultimately gave his attention to farming. He married Mary Lander hy whom he had eleven children. His son, Hamilton Biggar, was born in Qucenstown, Canada, in 1806, served faithfully for many years as a pastor of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, from which, late in life, he was superannuated. He married Eliza Phelps Racy, daughter of James Racy, Esq., of Brantford, Ontario. They had a large family of children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the fourth. Hamilton F. Biggar attended the public schools until eleven years of age, when he was apprenticed to the mercantile business with Richard Senior, of Ayre, Canada. Not liking this, he left the shop and returned to school for two years. He then attended for one year a grammar school in Brantford, Ontario, conducted by R. J. Tyner, M.A., after which he again engaged in mercantile pursuits. Not finding this business adapted to his tastes and abilities, he determined to obtain a thorough education, and at the expiration of two years entered the University of Victoria, at Coburg. Graduating from that institution as Bachelor of Arts, in 1863, he immediately afterwards commenced the study of law in the office of John Cameron, Esq., of Brantford, and passed his primary examination for a barrister-at-law, at Osgood Hall, Toronto, Canada. Abandoning his legal studies he at length decided to enter the medical profession, and accordingly came to Cleveland in the fall of 1864, entering the Homoeopathic College, from which he graduated in the spring. of 1866. He then attended for a time the principal hospitals of New York and Philadelphia, after which he returned to Cleveland, opened an office and entered upon the practice of his profession. Before graduating he received the appointment of adjunct professor of surgery in the Homoeopathic College, and has subsequently held, at different times, other important appointments in that institution. He was a professor of anatomy and clinical surgery for seven years, and then of clinical surgery with operations, when he resigned. For many years he held the office of registrar of the college, which he was also obliged to resign on account of the multiplicity of his professional duties. At the present time he occupies the chair of surgical diseases of women and clinical surgery. For two years in succession he was offered and declined the chair of surgery in the Homeopathic department of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor. As a physician and surgeon he has established a wide-spread 332 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. reputation, and is in the enjoyment of an extensive practice. Of progressive ideas and energetic character, he has invariably performed the duties of his different appointments with equal energy and ability. As a clinical lecturer he takes high tank, and in the field of surgery is thoroughly at home. Since the opening of the Workhouse in Cleveland Dr. Biggar has had sole charge of the health of its inmates. This is a large institution, and as its annual reports show, not the least of its noticeable advantages over other houses of its kind, is the possession of a medical government which cannot be improved, as is proven by results. In all charitable enterprises Dr.. Biggar's name is found as a conscientious worker; and that he is the chief instigator and supporter of a very large charity connected with his profession is well -known, though his name does not so appear. Dr. Biggar has, more than any other medical man in Cleveland, advocated the raising of the standard of medical education. Very liberal in his views, willingly opening the way for all to attain a medical education, he has yet faithfully endeavored to have more stringent rules enforced, so that none could study medicine without a suitable preparatory education; and, more than all, so that none should receive a diploma from a college until he had shown a right to it founded on study and ability. In politics he has taken but little interest, but is active in the support of schools, as a means to that higher education be so constantly advocates. He is a member of Trinity (Episcopal) church, and. as a citizen he has earned and holds the respect of all. WILLIAM BOWLER. William Bowler was born in Carlisle, Schoharie county, New York, on the 25th of March, 1822, His parents were of genuine New England stock. His father, G. I. Bowler, was a native of Newport, Rhode Island; was born in 1781, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, in his eighty-eighth year. In early life he commanded a company of militia and always retained the title of "Captain:" HO married Susan Barber, who was born in Middletown, Connecticut, in 1782. They had a family of fourteen children—seven boys and a like number of girls—all of whom lived to the age of manhood and womanhood. In 1833 they removed to Ohio, and landed in Cleveland—coming from Buffalo on the lake-in May of that year; subsequently settling in Auburn, Geauga county. The subject of this notice received his education in the common and select schools of that town. On leaving school he was apprenticed to learn the trade of a tanner and currier, but never followed the business after his apprenticeship expired. He also taught school several terms. In 1851 he removed to Cleveland where he was first employed in a ship-yard, as book-keeper for Calkins & Searle, and afterwards, in the same capacity, for the old and well-known firm of Quayle & Martin, which carried on an extensive business from 1851 to 1858. In the spring of 1858 he was elected appraiser of the city of Cleveland west of the Cuyahoga river, and filled that office in a most satisfactory manner. In the meantime he kept books for the large marble works of Myers, Uhl & Co. for two years, and in 1861 was appointed inspector and deputy collector of customs for the river-office at the port of Cleveland. This position be held seven years when he resigned. His resignation was accepted with regret, for the duties of that office had been discharged in such a manner as to gain the approbation of all concerned. In 1863 he entered into partnership with his brother, N. P. Bowler, in the iron business, and they subsequently received Thomas Maher as a member of the firm. They owned a small foundry on Center street which was called the " Cleveland Foundry "—a name it still retains. Mr. N. P. Bowler and Mr. Maher devoted their time entirely to the business and were amply rewarded by the success which crowned their efforts. The former attended to the office work; the latter was a practical mechanic, and the unusual prosperity of the firm was in a great measure due to his ability. He possessed great skill as a moulder and understood melting and mixing the different kinds of iron. They soon purchased a block on Winter street, where they erected a large brick shop, for making soft or machine castings, and a car-wheel foundry. In 1870 Mr. C. A. Brayton was admitted as a member of the firm, and the business was carried on under the firm name of Bowlers, Maher & Brayton. The car-wheel foundry was enlarged so as to turn out from sixty to one hundred wheels per day. In the spring of 1868 Mr. Bowler purchased a third interest in the Globe Iron Works, a large machine shop and foundry situated on the west side of the river, which he disposed of in February of the following year, and started the firm of Lord, Bowler & Co. They first carried on their business in a building on the corner of Columbus and Center streets, but subsequently bought of Messrs. Younglove & Massey the agricultural buildings on Center street, and immediately put up their present shops, employing, in good times, about sixty hands. Lord, Bowler & Co. do all kinds of machine work, but make a specialty of stationary engines, of which they have manufactured a large number. Their "Standard engine" is of a new style, superior in many respects, and has been tested in various mechanical industries with unexceptionably favorable results. They built the engines for the Northern Ohio Insane Asylum and the Workhouse in Cleveland; some large ones for flouring mills in Bellevue and Shelby, Ohio, and Hillsdale, Michigan; and a still larger one (four hundred horse power) for the shops of the Standard Oil Co., Cleveland. Samuel Lord, the senior partner of the firm, has been a resident of Cleveland for thirty years. He BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 333 possesses more than ordinary mechanical ability, and was made foreman of the shops in which he learned his trade, before his apprenticeship had expired. In 1854 he assisted in establishing the Globe Iron Works, in which he owned an interest, and acted in capacity of foreman until he became associated with Mr. Bowler. J. H. Johnson, the third member of the firm, is a practical machinist, and was employed in the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad shops for seventeen years previous to his association with Lord, Bowler & Co. J. W. Pearce, who has recently become a member of the establishment, is a graduate of Greenwich Naval College, England, and has been with the firm six years as draughtsman . an d bookkeeper. In addition to his other property Mr, Bowler has the principal interest in the firm of Bowler & Burdick, importers and wholesale dealers in jewelry and watches. They have a large trade; doing a yearly business of from $50,000 to $75,000. During the war Mr. Bowler was active and liberal in support of the government. He furnished a substitute to the army without draft or forcing, and contributed freely to the aid of soldiers and to their families at home. Two of his brothers enlisted in the service; Charles P. Bowler was in Company C of the Seventh Ohio infantry, and was killed at the battle of Cedar Mountain; and John R. Bowler was an assistant paymaster in the navy. For the past fifteen years he has been less active in politics than during the previous quarter of a century, though not neglecting any of the duties of a citizen. He has transferred his active labors to the field of benevolent work, in which he has done noble service. The Bethel work has enlisted his sympathies and aid to a considerable extent. In 1854 Mr. Bowler united himself with the order of Odd Fellows, entering Erie Lodge, No. 27, one of the first in the State. He has always been one of the most valued and trusted members of the order in this locality. For thirty-five years he has been a member of the Disciple church. He served as Sunday school superintendent and was a liberal giver to this work, as well as to the churches and other religious institutions. He was also an active member of the Young Men's Christian Association, and has frequently aided worthy young men striving honorably for advancement, many of whom in Cleveland revert with feelings of gratitude to his kindness in the hour of need. His success in life was the result of steady perseverance, prudent management and honest principle. He has been a resident of Cleveland for nearly thirty years; in social or business relations has always commanded the respect of those with whom he has been brought in contact, and throughout life has borne an unblemished reputation. Mr. Bowler was married on the 30th of August, 1846, to Miss Mary B., daughter of Jedediah Hubbell, who died on the 19th of January, 1854. In October, 1855, he was married to Mrs. Annie Scarr, by whom he had two children-Edith, who died in infancy, and Frank W., his only living child. This lady died on the 13th of July, 1862. He married his present wife, Miss M. L. Robinson, on the 10th of September, 1867. ALVA BRADLEY. Captain Alva Bradley, one of the leading shipowners of the West, has resided in Ohio since 1823 and in Cleveland since 1855. He was born of New England parents November 27, 1814, in Ellington, Tolland county, Connecticut, and when nine years old accompanied his parents to Ohio; whither his father, Leonard, turned his footsteps as to a place offering richer inducements to the agriculturist than could be found on the hills of New England. The journey was made by wagon to Albany, thence by canal to within fifty miles of Buffalo, and from that place on a sailing vessel, from which the family landed at Cleveland in September, 1823. Without delaying in the then embryo Forest City they passed on to Brown- helm, Lorain county, and settled upon a farm. Alva spent the years until he was nineteen in laboring upon his father's place—receiving but a limited school education meanwhile—but becoming inclined for a sailor's life, he left the farm and shipped aboard the schooner "Liberty," of about fifty tons, owned by Norman Moore and plying between Buffalo and other Lake Erie ports. A life on the lakes suited him so well that he determined to stick to it. He sailed successively after • that on the "Young Leopard," "Edward Bancroft," " Express" and " Commodore Lawrence," and so prospered that in 1841 he undertook, in company with Ahira Cobb, now of Cleveland the construction of the schooner " South America" of one hundred and four tons. They built her on the Vermillion river, and Captain Bradley, taking command, sailed her in the Lake Erie trade for the ensuing three seasons.. This venture in ship-building he followed with others of a similar character, after transferring the " South America" to his cousin, Sheldon Bradley, who sailed her one season, and the next, with all on board, went down with her in a storm. Captain Bradley and Mr: Cobb built on the Vermillion—after the " South America "—the sailing vessels "Birmingham," "Ellington" and "Oregon," and the steam propeller "Indiana," and Captain Bradley successively commanded them. His last service as a lake captain was performed on board the schooner "Oregon," from which he retired in 1852, after a continuous experience on the lakes, between Buffalo and Chicago, of fifteen years. In the last named year he made his home at the mouth of the Vermillion, where he continued the business of ship building, solely, however, as heretofore, for the purpose of putting the vessels into the lake trade on his own account or in joint interest with others. In 1859 he changed 334 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. his residence to Cleveland, but continued ship building on the Vermillion until 1868, when he removed his ship yards to Cleveland, where between 1868 and 1874 he built twelve vessels—including those propelled by sail and steam. As already observed, Captain Bradley placed his vessels in trade as fast as constructed, and became in the course of a brief time, an important ship owner. He transacted a large and valuable business as a freight carrier on the great lakes, and in that department of commerce has been conspicuously identified with the lake marine since 1841. His interests in that line, now of considerable magnitude, engage his active attention, and he gives to all his undertakings his closest personal supervision. He is of a truth one of Cleveland's busiest workers; and, although verging toward three score- and ten, retains in a remarkable degree the energy and watchfulness- that have been the principal causes of hrs success. Captain Bradley's parents died in Brownhelm upon the old homestead, where a brother and sister still reside. He was married in 1851 to Miss Ellen M., daughter of John Burgess, of Milan, Ohio, and of the children born to them there survive one son and three daughters. FRANCIS BRANCH. Francis Branch, son of Seth and Rachael (Hurd) Branch, was horn on the 5th of June, 1812, at Middle Haddam, Connecticut. His father, Seth .Branch, was a native of the same place, having been born on the 31st of March, 1779, and having been married in 1805 to Michael Hurd. He removed to Ohio in 1818, and settled on what is now known as Brooklyn nights, Cleveland. There were but few houses in the neighborhood at that time, and Mr. Branch was considered very fortunate in securing shelter for his family in the home of Judge Barber, until a dwelling could be erected. His trade was that of a ship-carpenter, which he, however, did not follow after coming West; being engaged. in clearing and cultivating his farm. He died on the 11th of August, 1825, at the premature age of forty-six; leaving as a legacy to his family only their home in the forest and a name respected by all. He had five children born in Connecticut, viz: John S., born January 9, '1806; Mary, born October 21, 1807; Susan M., born May 5, 1810; Francis, the subject of this notice, and Jane, born March 4, 1815. Of these, Mary and Susan M. died in infancy, and two other children born in Ohio received their names, viz: Mary H., born December 21, 1817, and Susan M., born September 3, 1822. Francis Branch remained at home until the death of his father, after which he was apprenticed to a ship-carpenter; John, his elder brother, taking charge of the farm. He followed this trade until 1837. In that year he was married (on the 21st of October) to Sarah Slaght, daughter of Abraham D. Slight, and, his brother dying, he soon afterward removed to the homestead on Brooklyn Eights. He then engaged in agriculture and dairying; meeting with fair success in both. He was also one of the first milk-sellers in that locality, and, after a time, carried on quite an extensive traffic in that line. In 1850 Mr. Branch sold the farm, which had become quite valuable, and in May, 1851, removed to a residence on Scranton avenue, where he lived until his death, which occurred on the 4th of November, 1877. Mr. Branch was eminently a self-made man. Losing his father when only fourteen years old, he was thus thrown upon his own resources, and with a limited education acquired a fortune and won an honorable place in the community. He was Republican in politics, and held various township offices, besides serving three terms as county commissioner. In public improvements lie always took an active interest, and was a liberal contributor to all local enterprises. Throughout life he maintained a high character for integrity and honor, while his mnny excellent qualities and unassuming manners won the respect of all. Mr. and Mrs. Branoh have but one child—Josephine L., born November 10, 1838. She was married to J. S. Hartzell on the 20th of May, 1865. They also have an adopted son, who was born May 28, 1849, and was married November 8, 1876, to Miss Mary A. Cornwall, of Cleveland. GAIUS BURK. The father of Gains Burk was among the first of that little band of hardy pioneers who penetrated into northern Ohio about the beginning of the nineteenth century, and of its wilderness made a fruitful garden. The youth and early manhood of Gains were passed amid the struggles and hardships of the frontier, while his entire life, save ten of its earliest years, was closely identified with the rise and growth of Cuyahoga county, which was yet a thing of the future when the boy of ten set foot in Ohio. He was born of old New England stock, in Northampton, Massachusetts, June 21, 1791, and thence journeyed at a tender age with his parents to Herkimer county, New York. Sylvanus Burk, his father, was a farmer, and, turning a wistful eye toward the great West, which was then beginning to invite attention to its boundless acres, he determined to be a Western pioneer. Setting out from his New York home with his wife and ten children, bestowed in a two-horse wagon, he steered his course for Cleveland, and traveled without eventful incident Erie was reached, when, one of his horses dying, he abandoned the highway, and with all his family save two children— Gains and a daughter—whom he left in care of Reed, the Erie landlord, he made the rest of the trip via Lake Erie in an open boat. Without tarrying long in Cleveland they proceeded to Euclid, where, in the spring of 1802, they received the two children who had remained at Erie—the little ones BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 335 having made the journey from that place across the country on horseback, in company with a band of Western travelers. Once more complete, the family were soon again on the move, turning toward what is now Independence township, in which they were the first white settlers, and in which, it may be remarked, they were all prostrated on the same day, soon after their arrival, with fever and ague. This was emphatically a disheartening commencement, but they bore it doubtless with the philosophic resignation common to pioneer days. A three-years stay in Independence, however, brought a desire for a change of location, and so, in 1805, they moved to what is now the village of Newburg, where Mr. Burk purchased one hundred acres of land for which he agreed to pay two dollars and a half an acre. This payment his two sons, Brazilla B. and Gains, undertook to make for him by carrying the government mail over the route from Cleveland to Hudson, Deerfield and Ashtabula. Gains was a lad of fourteen and his brother but a trifle older, and that they had the spirit to undertake and the courage to fulfil the arduous task is convincing proof that the pioneer boys were composed of the material that made men, and men too of the sort much needed then. Once a week for three years the boys carried the mail afoot, and during their entire term of service faithfully performed every detail of their contract, albeit their journeys were not only laborious and tiresome ones through an almost unbroken wilderness, but were beset moreover with sufficient dangers to appal much older persons. After completing his mail contract Gains busied himself at clearing land, and it was while engaged in that work, in 1815, that by the fall of a tree upon him he lost his leg, and was otherwise so crippled that ever after he was deprived also of the use of his right arm. Discouraged, mayhap, but not disheartened, he set himself thereafter to do the best he could, and, entering the public arena, was chosen constable. His services were appreciated, his popularity waxed strong, and after serving as collector under. Treasurer Baldwin for several years, he was in 182S elected county treasurer for two years, (being the second to hold that office) and at the expiration of that time was re-elected for another term. Mr. Burk was a man of decided intelligence and unswerving integrity, and kept in every respect not only abreast but ahead of the time in which he lived. The Whig party claimed his staunch adherence until its dissolution, and after that he was a faithful follower of Repuhlicanism, to whose principles he was attached until his death. Having by active participation in the events which marked the wonderful progress of his adopted home, earned the luxury of rest, he passed the evening of his life upon the old homestead in Newburg in quiet ease, and died there on the 20th of August, 1865, where his father and mother had passed away before him. He was married in 1819 to Sophia, daughter of Philo Taylor, a pioneer settler of Rockport as well as of Dover. Of the seven children born of the union, the four survivors are Oscar M. and Augustus M., chief proprietors of the Lake Sh ore Foundry in Cleveland, and Lucy J. Wehster and Helen Burke, hoth residing in Kansas. The eldest son, Harvey, was elected treasurer of Cuyahoga county in 1860, and died in 1861, while holding that office. A daughter, Mrs. Justina M., wife of Dr. P. H. Worley, died in Davenport, Iowa, in 1875. STEVENSON BURKE. Hon. Stevenson Burke was born in St. Lawrence county, New York, November 26, 1826. In March, 1834, his father removed from New York to Ohio, and settled in North Ridgeville, Lorain county, where he resided till the time of his decease, in August, 1875. The subject of this sketch had in early life such facilities as the common schools of the time afforded, which consisted of about ninety days of very indifferent instruction in the whrter, and none during the rest of the year. At about the age of sixteen he had thc benefit of instruction in a very good select school at Ridgeville Center; afterwards he studied several terms in a private school, conducted by T. M. Oviatt, at Elyria. Later still, he studied a year or so at Delaware University, and at Delaware, in 1846, he began the study of law with Messrs. Powell & Buck. In the spring of 1848 he returned to Elyria and completed his studies, preparatory to admission to the bar, under the instruction of Hon. H. D. Clark, being admitted by the supreme court on the 11th of August, 1848, when he commenced practice at Elyria. In April, 1849, Mr. Clark, who was then one of the most prominent and successful lawyers at the bar of Lorain county, admitted him into a copartnership, which continued till May, 1852. We have thus in a few lines sketched the career, until the time when he commenced the practice of the law alone, of one who for more than twenty-five years has occupied a very prominent position at the bar in northern Ohio. From 1852 to February, 1862, Mr. Burke devoted himself to the practice of his profession with such zeal and devotion to the interests of his clients, as to merit and command success. There were few cases tried in the court of common pleas or district court of Lorain county, or in the supreme court, taken from Lorain county, in which he was not engaged. His industry and attention to business were quite remarkable. He spent no time in idleness, and his patrons were always sure to find him in his office in business hours, unless engaged in his duties elsewhere. His close attention to business and sedentary habits seriously affected his health, and in 1861 he found it so very much impaired as to render a change of occupation necessary; and his friends having secured his election as one of the judges of the court of common pleas of the fourth judicial district of Ohio, he gave up his practice 336 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. and entered upon the discharge of his duties as judge. After serving a term of five years to the satisfaction of the bar and the people, he was again elected in 1866 to the same office. He served, however, but two years of his second term, when, having regained his health, he resigned his position as judge, on the 1st of January, 1869, and at once commenced the practice of law in Cleveland, in partnership with Hon. F. T. Backus and E. J. Estep, Esq. Mr. Backus died in 1870, but the partnership with Mr. Estep continued until the spring of 1875, since when Judge Burke has practiced alone. His practice in Cleveland has been a very successful one. He has been constantly engaged in the courts and in his office, and during the last ten years has probably tried as many cases of importance, involving large amounts of money or property, as any lawyer in northern Ohio. He has during that period argued many cases in the supreme court of the State of -Ohio, several in the United States supreme court, and also in the supreme courts of adjoining States. The history of the profession in northern Ohio furnishes few examples of a more successful practice. In addition to his professional business, Judge Burke has devoted much attention to other matters; he is now, and has been for several years past, a director, and chairman of the finance and executive Committee, of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway Company, and is its general counsel. He has held for several years and still holds the position of director, general counsel, and chairman of the finance and executive committee, of the Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railway Company, and he is also the representative in this country of all the stock of the last-named company; it being owned in Europe. He is likewise the representative of the owners of the stock of the Shenango and Allegheny Railroad Company, and also of the Mercer Mining and Manufacturing Company, and a director in both of the last-named companies. He has been for some time a director of the Cincinnati, Springfield and Indianapolis and the St. Louis railroad companies. He has also for several years been a director of the Lake Shore Foundry, and a director and the president of the Cleveland and Snow Fork Coal Company, both large corporations. The foregoing is a brief outline of an extremely active professional and business life. It is too early yet to compare the subject of this sketch with others, or to go into detail in regard to his professional, judicial and business career; he is still in the prime of hfe. Time has dealt gently with him, and his appearance indicates that he has many years of activity still before him. LEONARD CASE. The name of Leonard Case will long be held in grateful remembrance in the city of Cleveland, to the early prosperity of which he was an active contributor, and for the benefit of which so much of the property he acquired has lately been devoted through the generosity of his son bearing the same name. He was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, on the 20th of July, 1784. In the year 1800 he accompanied his father to Trumbull county, Ohio, where the latter located on a farm near Warren. Young Leonard was then sixteen years of age, and, as the eldest son, assumed, in the invalid condition of his father, the chief management of affairs on the farm. A very severe illness left the youth a cripple in 1801, and seeing, therefore, that his days as a farmer were over, he turned his attention to educating himself as a surveyor. By the aid of means gained by such mechanical labors as he could perform, he acquired from books a fair knowledge of the business. In 1806 he obtained employment in thc land commissioner's office at Warren, where his efforts won him favorable notice, and created valued friends, Mr. John D. Edwards, recorder of the county, heing one of the most steadfast. Under his advice young Case acquired sufficient knowledge of the law to be admitted to the bar. During the war of 1812 Mr. Case was appointed to collect the taxes of non-residents on the Western Reserve, and in 1816 was called to Cleveland to be cashier of the newly organized Commercial Bank of Lake Erie. To his banking business he added the occupations of lawyer and land agent. After leaving the bank he devoted himself assiduously to the pursuits just named, and after 1834 gave all his time to the land business, in which he acquired a very large fortune. Mr. Case took a warm interest in the progress of Cleveland, contributed liherally to all public improvements, and is said to have begun the work of planting the trees, the luxuriant foliage of which now so pleasantly shade the thoroughfares of the Forest City. From 1821 to 1825 he was president of Cleveland village, and was the first auditor of Cuyahoga county. He was a warm advocate of the canals in the State legislature, and was one of the projectors of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railway. His fortune increased with his .age, but it did not, as in so many cases, harden his heart or close his hand, and every good cause found in him a generous friend. He died on the 7th of December, 1864, leaving a very large amount of both real and personal estate, which passed to his only surviving son, also named Leonard Case. That the latter has inherited his father's disposition, as well as his name and property, is shown by many acts, and especially by his crowning gift of the "Case building," valued at three hundred thousand dollars, to the Cleveland Library Association—a gift seldom equaled in the annals of private munificence. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 337 SELAH CHAMBERLAIN. This gentlemen is of English descent, and was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, on the 4th of May, 1812. His father, also named Selah Chamberlain, was a native of that place and by occupation a farmer. He received a good education in his native town and, at the age of twenty-one, entered a grocery store in Boston, Massachusetts, where he remained two years. He then removed to western Pennsylvania and engaged in the construction of the Erie extension of the Pennsylvania canal, and afterward of the Ohio and Pennsylvania canal. By prudent and sagacious management he soon became enabled to enlarge his operations, and next obtained contracts on the Wabash and Erie canal. In 1845 he removed to Canada, and during two years was engaged on the canal improvements on the St. Lawrence river. At the expiration of his connection with that work he returned to Vermont and established the firm of Chamberlain, Strong & Co. This firm had the largest portion of the contract for the building of the Rutland and BurIington railroad, connecting Boston with the lakes, and the entire management of its construction. While carrying on this work Mr. Chamberlain also became prominently interested in the construction of the Ogdensburg and Rouse's Point (now Lake Champlain) railroad. In 1849 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and took the entire contract for the construction of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, which was successfully completed in 1851. Subsequently he was engaged for several years in railroad-building in the West and Northwest, mainly in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa. One of the principal lines constructed by him was the Lacrosse and Milwaukee railroad, which he operated under lease or mortgage until the bondholders reimbursed him in full. He also constructed the Minnesota Central railroad, and afterward became largely interested in it and the president of the company owning it. His latest work in that line was the building of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley railroad, of which he was the largest stockholder, as well as sole contractor. • In addition to these railroad operations he was also connected with other important industrial enterprises. He was a large stockholder and also president of the Cleveland Transportation Company, an organization which he was mainly instrumental in forming. He was a director of the Cleveland Iron-Mining Company, in which he held a heavy interest. In 1871 he established a general banking-house, under the name of Chamberlain, Gorham & Perkins, which soon became widely known as one of the most substantial banking firms in the State. In 1873 the Residence Insurance Company, of which he is one of the founders, elected him as its president. In January, 1875, he became largely interested in the purchase of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas Valley railroad, which was changed to the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling railroad, of which he was made president in February of that year. Mr. Chamberlain has been remarkably successful in all his business undertakings, and entirely by his own efforts has acquired a capital which enables him to carry great enterprises to a successful termination. As a citizen he enjoys an enviable reputation, and is known as a liberal but unostentatious contributor to all benevolent purposes or public interests. He was an earnest supporter of the Union during the rebellion, and contributed freely to aid the cause of freedom. He has, for many years been a prominent member of the Second Presbyterian church, and a liberal supporter of the charitable and benevolent enterprises connected with it. Ile was married, in 1844, to Miss Arabella Cochran, of Pennsylvania. HENRY CHISHOLM. Henry Chisholm, the president and chief manager of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Jompany, (the largest establishment of its kind in this or any other country) landed in America in 1842, an almost penniless youth; in fifteen 'years from that Lme he was the head of an important manufacturing firm and since then he has achieved the distinction of being one of the greatest manufacturers in the world. Mr. Chisholm was born in Lochgelly, Fifeshire, Scotland, April 27, 1822, and at the age of ten lost his father by death. Forced by this unhappy circumstance to take upon his shoulders in his early youth a share of the support of his widowed mother's family, he left school when but twelve years old and apprenticed himself to a carpenter, with whom he remained until his seventeenth year. He then began work as a journeyman carpenter in the city of Glasgow, where, shortly afterwards, be married Miss Jane Allan, of Dunfermline. Impatient at the slow progress he made in his native land he resolved to go to America, and in 1842— when only twenty years old—he landed at Montreal, Canada. He soon found employment at his trade, and so well did he prosper that at the end of two years he became a master carpenter. Succeeding from the outset in making profitable contracts, he saw himself ere long the most extensive contractor in Montreal. His reputation as a capable and energetic builder spread year by year, and in 1850 he undertook, with others, the construction of the railway breakwaters at Cleveland. After being engaged in this work three years—having become in the meantime a resident of Cleveland—he followed it with lother important enterprises of a similar character in that city, until the year 1857. In that year Mr. Chisholm founded, at Newburg, the iron-manufacturing firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., from which beginning arose the great establishment which is the pride of Cleveland and one of the marvels of modern times. 338 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Besides being president and controller of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, Mr. Chisholm is a director in each of three of the most important banking institutions of Cleveland, and is also closely identified in many other ways with his remarkable growth and enterprise of the city of his adoption. Owing nothing to the assistance of others, depending entirely on his own inflexible will, indomitable perseverance, and rigorous integrity, Mr. Chisholm is, in every sense, the author of his own fortunes, and the story of his life furnishes a striking instance of the possibilities offered in this favored land, to him who bravely and energetically seeks success. Alike amid the struggles of his earlier years, and the multifarious cares of his later life, Mr. Chisholm has been an unswerving believer in the truths of religion, and for upwards of thirty-five years he and his estimable wife have been members of the Baptist Church. Endowed with a bountiful share of this world's goods, as the reward of a busy life, cherished as an upright and honored member of the community in which he lives, and surrounded by a worthy family of sons and daughters, Mr. Chisholm still retains, at the age of nearly three score, the vigorous and vigilant business habits which marked his younger manhood, and bids fair to hold for many years to come a prominent place among the active workers of the Forest City. WILLIAM CHISHOLM The subject of this sketch was born on the 12th of August, 1825, in the village of Lochgelly, Fifeshire, Scotland. His father, who was in moderate 'circumstances, died when he was about seven years of age. His educational advantages were limited, but of a practical character, and consisted of such knowledge as he would be most likely to need in making his way in the- world. When twelve and a half years of age he was apprenticed to learn the dry-goods business with a merchant in Kirkaldy, a seaport town on the Frith of Forth. Finding this occupation unsuited to his tastes and having an ardent desire to see something of the world, he, after two years or more spent in Kirkaldy, engaged his services to a ship owner as a sailor. He left his native land in September, 1840, and joined the ship "Burley," of Glasgow, at Antwerp, Holland. He sailed in this vessel for a- period of four and a half years, making voyages from England, Scotland and Ireland to South America, the East Indies, Australia, the West Indies and the coasts of Nicaragua and Central America. Subsequently he was engaged on different vessels, stopping at the principal American Atlantic ports between the mouth of the Mississippi river and the gulf of St. Lawrence. Becoming weary of this life he, in September, 1847, abandoned the sea, after just seven years of active service, during which he had filled the various positions on a ship, from that Of cabin boy to that of chief officer. He then settled in Montreal, Canada, where he remained five years, carrying on the business of a builder and contractor. At the expiration of that time he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and thence to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Returning to Cleveland in 1857, he has since then been engaged there as a contractor in building railroads, bridges, docks, etc. In 1860 he built works and commenced the manufacture of spikes, bolts, rivets, horseshoes, etc., and in 1871 organized what is known as the Union Steel Screw Company, now in operation. He has also recently engaged, in connection with his sons, in the manufacture of steel shovels, spades, scoops and forks. For the last quarter of a century he has been largely interested and actively engaged in coal and iron mines, and in the manufacture of the products of the latter. In 1876 and '77 Mr. Chisholm traveled extensively in Europe, revisiting his native town in Scotland after an absence of thirty-seven years. His life has been distinguished by a varied experience such as is allotted to but few, and from early youth he has been compelled to depend upon his own exertions, to which, with the aid of a kind Providence, he owes his success. He has not been entirely absorbed in the care of his extensive business, but has ever been ready to lend a helping hand to the needy and suffering, and, as a member of the Baptist Church, has contributed liberally to the support of that society, as well as to other religious institutions and to charitable objects. lie was married in 1848 to Catharine Allan, a native of Dumferline, Scotland, daughter of Wilson B. Allan. By this union lie has had seven children. Of this family only four are now living, three sons and one daughter. AHIRA COBB. Ahira Cobb, whose name is associated with many of the important commercial interests of Cleveland and vicinity, is a son of Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., one of the early settlers of Ohio, and was born at Tolland, Connecticut, on the 12th of October, 1814. Many thrilling stories are told of the adventures of those who removed to Ohio in early days. They came into a wilderness where yet the red man lingered, and where the howling of wolves, the panther's cry and the crack of the trusty rifle alone disturbed the solitude of the night. In many a case, their covered wagon was their only shield from wind and storm while the log-cabin was being erected, which was to be their only habitation for many years. Among those early pioneers came Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., a descendant of Dr. Samuel Cobb, who, we find by referring to Hon. L. P. Waldo's valuable Early History of Tolland, came to that place about the year 1743. Dr. Cobb bought the farm on the Willimantic river, now familiarly known as the Cobb farm. In the BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 339 work above referred to, Dr. Cobb is mentioned as having been a gentleman of education, and one of the most prominent citizens that ever resided in Tolland. Jeduthan Cobb, Jr., married a daughter of Stephen Griggs, an ensign in the Continental army, who died at New Rochelle, New York, in 1776. He left Tolland with his family in 1819. Upon his arrival in Ohio he bought a farm in Eldridge township, Huron county, afterwards Berlin, Erie county. Mr. Cobb died on this farm in 1827. Like most who seek to make a home in a new and undeveloped country, he had a hard struggle with adverse fortune, and at the time of his death there was an incumbrance of three hundred dollars on the farm. A tax of seven dollars was due on it, and must be paid. There was no money in the house; .something must be done. Something was done- something which throws a strong light on the energetic character of the subject of this sketch. Ahira Cobb, son of the deceased, then a lad of thirteen years of age, yoked the oxen, gathered a cart-load of peaches and apples, and trudged along beside his slow-going team to Sandusky City, twenty-five miles away, where he hoped to dispose of his load to raise the tax-money. His success exceeded his expectation. The tax-money was raised and three dollars more, as the result of his venture. The prospects of the family, however, wore a very unfavorable aspect after the death of the husband and father, and the year following they all returned to Tolland. During that year Ahira went to school to Alfred Newton, who afterwards, for a period of twenty-five years, was pastor of a Presbyterian church at Norwalk, Ohio. His evenings were spent in learning the tailoring trade in the establishment of Solomon Greggs and Luther Eaton. He covered buttons, sewed sleeve linings, and was obliged to keep the old stone pitcher filled with water for the benefit of the dozen or more sewing girls employed in the shop. During this year spent at Tolland he was the roommate of William W. Eaton, the eldest son of his employer. Little did those young men imagine at that time that one of them was destined to become a leading member of the legal profession, and bear the honorable title_ of a United States senator, while the other was to gain a conspicuous and honorable success in the departments of trade and commerce, near the scene of his youthful venture before mentioned. Young Cobb soon got heartily sick of the tailoring business, and the year following returned to Ohio and entered the store of John Buckingham, of Norwalk, as a clerk. This position he retained for six years. In the spring of 1836 he formed a partnership with Mr. Buckingham and B. L. Hill, under the firm name of Cobb, Hill & Co., and opened a store at Birmingham, Erie county. He was a member of this firm for twenty- three years. The town of Birmingham was incorporated by a company of New Yorkers. They had erected, at a cost of $25,000 a flouring mill, also a hotel valued at $5,000, a sawmill, a forge, and a large number of private dwellings. In 1837 this company failed, and in 1844 Mr. Cobb was a successful bidder for its property. Thus, at the age of thirty, he was the owner of nearly the entire town of Birmingham, and occupied as good a private residence as there was in that section. While operating thus extensively at Birmingham, he also had a large interest at Vermilion, a lake port located seven miles from the former place, in connection with Captain Alva Bradley. At this port they built, in 1841, their first schooner, the " South America." This venture proved a very profitable one, and, to use a nautical term, laid the keel of the extensive and profitable shipping interest which they have controlled during the past twenty- nine years; they having now some twenty steam and sail vessels afloat on the lakes. In February, 1852, Mr. Cobb exchanged his Birmingham mill and residence for the Cleveland property known as the Forest City House. This house he has greatly enlarged, and it is now a very handsome building, containing one hundred and fifty rooms, and has a wide reputation as a first class hotel in every respect. After the transfer above mentioned, he removed his family to Cleveland, where he subsequently entered the extensive boot and shoe firm of Crowell & Childs as a special partner. At the same time he also took an interest in the erection of two blast furnaces; one at Youngstown, the other at Antwerp, Paulding county. The one at Youngstown, the Himroot furnace, has been in constant blast while the fires of hundreds of others have been extinguished by the hard times and the glut in the iron market. During the year 1852 Mr. Cobb bought property largely in Cleveland. In 1874 he, with Capt. Bradley, erected an elegant iron block on Superior street. One half of this great building is occupied by Strong, Cobb & Company, importers and wholesale dealers in drugs, etc., one of the largest and best appointed houses of the kind in the West. Mr. Cobb is also the owner of valuable property fronting on Euclid avenue—an avenue said by Bayard Taylor to be the finest in the world. Upon this property he has erected an elegant mansion which he has fitted and adorned with every convenience and comfort. Although Mr. Cobb is now nearing an age when most men, either from inclination or debility, retire from active business life, he still retains the undiminished energy of the man who bought out a town in his thirtieth year, and we may safely predict that if adverse fortune should sweep away his vast accumulations he would lose no time in setting about to repair the breach. It is somewhat remarkable that only one death-that of his father—has occurred in the family since the marriage of his parents. His mother is still living and has reached the advanced age of eighty- eight years. Mr. Cobb was married in 1839 to Miss Maria Briant, 340 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND daughter of Jonathan Briant of Birmingham, by whom he has had nine children. He is a Republican in politics but has never been an office-seeker, though not neglecting any of the duties of a good citizen. He is not a member of any church, but is a liberal contributor to the aid of all worthy causes, and is especially interested in forwarding educational and charitable interests. Mr. Cobb is a man of decided abilities, of great courage, of untiring industry, of marked integrity, of large experience in the affairs of the world, and is appreciated for his many sterling qualities both of mind and heart. JAMES M. COFFINBERRY. James M. Coffinberry is a native of Mansfield, Ohio;: having been born in that town on the 16th day of May, 1818. His father, Andrew Coffinberry, was a man of rare endowments and decisive character, and was widely known as a distinguished lawyer. He was admitted to the bar as early as 1813, from which time he practiced his profession until a few days before his death, which occurred in May, 1856. His practice in several of the counties of northwestern Ohio began with their organization; his "circuit" (always traversed on horseback) extending from Mansfield north to Lake Erie, and west to the Indiana line. He was greatly esteemed for his pure and upright life, while his genial manners and quaint wit gave him ready access to the hearts of all classes. Among the younger members of the profession he was known as " the good Count Coffinberry" in grateful recognition of the services rendered them by this veteran member of the bar. The sobriquet of " Count " was first given him playfully by his professional associates, from a real or supposed resemblance to the illustrious German jurist, Count or Baron Puffendorf. The title was considered so appropriate that it remained with him throughout life, and many who knew him long and well never learned that it was not his real name. Besides his legal ability he also possessed poetical talent of no mean order, and, about 1840, wrote the "Forest Rangers," a metrical tale in seven cantos, in which he vividly depicts many interesting incidents connected with the march of General Wayne's army, and its victory over the Indians, in 1794. James M. Coffinberry, the subject of this sketch, received his education in the common schools of his native town, after which he studied law with his father, then residing at Perrysburg. He was admitted to the bar in 1841, and the same year opened an office in partnership with his father at Maumee City. His superior abilities found an early recognition, and secured his election as prosecuting attorney for Lucas county, which position he filled in a most satisfactory manner for several years. In 1845 he removed to Hancock county, where for about ten years he practiced his profession with great success, and in addition was the editor and proprietor of that staunch Whig journal, the Findlay Herald. In 1855 Mr. Coffinberry removed to Cleveland and entered speedily into a good practice, devoting himself exclusively to his profession and taking high rank at a bar which numbered among its members some of the ablest lawyers in the State. He was elected judge of the court of common pleas in 1861, and performed the duties of that position for the term of five years, with credit to himself and satisfaction to, all concerned. His charges to juries were always clear, forcible and logical, and in the course of his judicial service he delivered some very able opinions, both verbal and written. It has been said that no decision of his has ever been reversed on review by higher courts. His charge to the jury on the trial of Dr. John W. Hughes for the 'Murder of Tamzen Parsons of Bedford, which took place in December, 1865, was acknowledged to be one of the ablest ever delivered from the bench of Cuyahoga county. Judge Coffinberry possesses an apparently intuitive perception of legal truths, a peculiar faculty for seizing the strong points of a case, and great power to present his arguments in an original and forcible manner. While appreciating the learning of the profession, and ever mindful of its nicest distinctions, he has made them subservient to his own broad and liberal views. After retiring from the bench he returned to the practice of law, but was soon obliged to retire from its activities on account of failing health. He has devoted considerable time to scientific reading and investigation, in which he takes a great interest. He has been prominetly connected with many of the most important public enterprises of the city, and has been appointed to many offices of trust. He was one of the originators of the Cleveland viaduct, and one who most earnestly advocated that it should be a free bridge. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but in the Fremont and Buchanan canvass he allied himself with the -Democrats, and has since uniformly supported the candidates and politics of that party. At the breaking out of the rebellion he was chairman f the Democratic central committee of Cuyahoga county, but at once espoused the cause of the Union, and was largely instrumental in rallying the Democratic party of northern Ohio to the zealous support of the war. He was the principal secretary of the great Union convention of Ohio, presided over by ex-United States Senator Thomas Ewing, which nominated David Tod for governor. Throughout the war he remained a conservative Union man, but privately disapproved some of the more radical war-measures as being unconstitutional and of dangerous precedent. For several years he was the regular candidate of his party for representative in Congress and for judge of the common pleas, but was in no sense a politician; it is believed that he never attended more than one nom- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 341 inating convention, and never sought a nomination for office. Mr. Coffinberry and his wife met with a most distressing accident on the 8th of April, 1875. They were returning from Mt. Vernon, where they had attended the marriage of their son. After they reached the city, and were being driven across the railway track near the Union depot, the carriage was struck by a freight train. They were both severely injured, Mr. Coffinberry suffering the loss of a leg. His wife, although terribly bruised and mangled, was restored to comparative health. Mr. Coffinberry was married in January, 1841 to Anna M. Gleason, of Lucas county, Ohio, by whom he has two children. His son, Henry D., served honorably through the war as an officer in the Mississippi gunboat flotilla. He is now a partner in the Globe Iron Works and the Cleveland Dry Dock Company,, and is also one of the fire commissioners of Cleveland. His daughter, Mary E.. is the wife of S. E. Brooks, a prominent young business man of the city. WILLIAM COLLINS. The hon. William Collins was descended in the ninth generation from Lewis Collins, who came from England in the year, 1630, and as the records of those days say, '' with ample means." His son, Nathan, was a graduate of Cambridge University, England, and had two sons, John, who lived in Boston, and Edward, who was a deacon of the church at Cambridge, Massachusetts. John Collins, the second, resided in Saybrook, Connecticut, and also at Middletown and Guilford, in that State, in which last named town he is recorded as a freeman and planter. Robert, son of John, the second, married Lois Burnett, of Southampton, Long Island. Jonathan, son of Robert, born April 26, 1698, dwelt in Middletown and Wallingford, Connecticut. Ile married Agnes Lynn for his second wife, and had eleven children. Oliver, one of his sons enlisted in a company of Massachusetts troops during the Revolutionary war, at the age of sixteen. He served as a company officer till the close of the war. He married Lois Cowles, of 'Wallingford, Connecticut, and removed to New Hartford, New York. In the war of 1812 he was commissioned a brigadier general, and commanded a brigade of New York militia at Sackett's Harbor. Ile died August 14, 1838. Ela Collins, son of Oliver and Lois Collins, was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, February 14, 1786. He married Maria Clinton, daughter of Rev. Isaac Clinton, of New Haven. They moved to Lowville, New York. where Mr. Collins became a distinguished lawyer, a member of Congress, and the occupant of other important offices. His son, William Collins, the subject of this memoir, was born February 22, 1818. He read law with his father, and was admitted to the bar in September, 1843, at Rochester, New York.- He then entered into partnership with his father, and they continued in active and successful practice until the death of the elder Mr. Collins, in November, 1848. He succeeded his father as district attorney, but resigned this office when he was elected a member of the national House of Representatives, in November, 1846, from the district composed of Lewis and St. Lawrence counties. Mr. Collins was in Congress during the first agitation of the question of extending slavery to free territory, and opposed the extension with great zeal and ability. Among his speeches will be found one, delivered July 28, 1848, on the bill to establish the Territorial government of Oregon, advocating the ex. elusion of slavery from that Territory. . It was commended not only for the soundness of its logic, but, as a brilliant literary production. The contest was a close one, but the slavery extensionists were defeated, owing largely to the vigilant and industrious efforts of Mr. Collins and a few associates. He was tendered the renomination to the thirty-first Congress, but having determined to remove west, he declined, and was succeeded by Preston King. Mr. Collins came to Cleveland in 1853 and opened a law office, fully sustaining here the reputation as a lawyer which he had gained in New York. He was soon elected a director of the Merchants' Bank of Cleveland, and of the Lake Shore railway company. Subsequently he became a director of the Bellefontaine railway company; the Cleveland, Columbus,' Cincinnati and Indianapolis railway company; the Jamestown and Franklin railway company, of Pennsylvania; the East Cleveland street-railroad company; the Mercer Iron and Coal company of Pennsylvania, and the Merchants' National Bank of Cleveland. The active duties of these positions absorbed much of his time and attention. The sympathies of Mr. Collins being always on the side of freedom, he joined the Republican party on its organization and remained faithful to its principles. When the rebellion broke out he threw himself heartily into the cause of the Union, and contributed freely with money and labor in every way to its support. He was a member of various local committees for the promotion of the national cause, and gave largely for the support of the sick -and. wounded. Whenever an effort was needed his voice was heard exhorting the people to action, and he was never behindhand in personal example. Mr. Collins married Jane, second daughter of Alfred and Mary S. Kelley, at Columbus, on the 22d day of November, 1847. They had five children; Francis, born January 19, 1850, who died February 10, 1850; Frederic Kelley, born in Columbus, Ohio, June 7, 1851; Walter Stow, born in Cleveland, July 12, 1854; Mary, born in Cleveland, June 7, 1857, who died March 1, 1860; and Alice, born in Cleveland, June 26, 1859, who died August 20, 1859. Mr. Collins died suddenly on the 18th day of June, 1878. At a meeting of the bar, held on the occasion of his decease, Hon. Sherlock J. Andrews was called 342 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. to the chair and H. B. DeWolf acted as secretary. The committee on resolutions consisted of Messrs. F. J. Dickman, James Mason, II. B. DeWolf, and Judges Bishop and Prentiss. Resolutions were adopted highly and truly extolling the character and abilities of the deceased, copies of which were presented to the family, to the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, and to the circuit and district courts of the United States for the Northern district of Ohio. Mr. Dickman and Judge Bishop spoke in eulogy of Mr. Collins, and the former quoted a remark made by the deceased, worthy of enduring record. In speaking of certain political action Mr. Collins said: "Success is something, but to be right is everything." This terse expression is a model statement of the value of principle, and was also an epitome of the lifelong creed of William Collins. EDWIN WEED COWLES. Edwin W. Cowles, a physician, born in Bristol, Connecticut, in 1794, removed to Austinburg with his lather, the Rev. Dr. Giles Hooker Cowles, in the year 1811. His ancestors were all of Puritan descent, except one line, which traced its origin to the Huguenots. He was educated in the academy, at Farmington, Connecticut, and was imbued by his father and mother with the highest principles of the Christian religion and love for fellow-beings. He studied medicine with the late Dr. G. K. Hawley, of Austinburg, and after receiving his degree he practiced his profession in Mantua, Portage county, Ohio, and in 1832 he removed with his family to Cleveland. In 1834 he removed to Detroit, and practiced there till 1838, when he returned to Cleveland, where he spent the remainder of his professional life, and made himself a high reputation both as a physician and a valuable citizen. His leading traits as a physician were the exercise of benevolence and fearlessness in the performance of his professional duties. These noble qualities were thoroughly illustrated when that great scourge, the Asiatic cholera, made its first appearance in Cleveland the first year he settled there. This disease was introduced by the arrival of the steamer "Henry Clay," which sailed up to the landing at the foot of Superior street. As usual in those early days, when there were no railroads and telegraphs, the crowd assembled at the landing to bear the news. and see who had come. As the boat neared the wharf the captain appeared on the deck, and exclaimed that " the cholera had broken out among his passengers and crew; that several were dead and a number more were down with it, and for God's sake to send a doctor aboard!" This announcement created a panic in the crowd. They all scattered and fled in every direction,—many taking their horses and fleeing into the oountry. A messenger went hurriedly to the office of Dr. Cowles, and with a frightened expression of countenance informed him that his services were needed,—that "the boat was filled with the dead and sick." The doctor promptly started for the boat, and exerted himself immediately with all his power to alleviate the sufferings of the sick. At a meeting held previously by the citizens of the then village of Cleveland it had been voted, with only two dissentient votes, that no boat having the cholera aboard should be allowed to come into port or land its passengers, for fear of contagion. The two who opposed this resolution were the late Thomas P. May and Dr. Cowles. Under this action of the citizens the "Henry Clay" was obliged to leave. Dr. Cowles volunteered to accompany the sick and look after them, and in spite of the remonstrances of his friends, who believed he never would get through alive, he went on that charnel-ship to Detroit, and remained on it until everything possible had been done to relieve the sick and to fight down the death dealing scourge. His predominating trait was his love of justice to all—the high and low, rich and poor. This sense was strongly developed in his hatred of the system of slavery, which, as he expressed it, "violated every commandment in the decalogue, every principle of justice, all laws of human nature, and destroyed the foundation of a common humanity:" He was one of the first who came out publicly and avowed themselves "abolitionists," at a time when it was considered disgraceful to be called by that term. He was one of the first members of the "old Liberty Guard," and many a poor fugitive slave has he aided to freedom via the underground railroad. As a politician he was somewhat prominent. He supported the old Whig party down to the time he voted for General Harrison, in 1840. In 1841 he joined the "Liberty party" the germ of the present Republican party. In all the walks of life he was distinguished for moral rectitude, honesty, and incorruptible integrity. As a gentleman of general information he rarely, met with his peer, for, like John Quincy Adams, he never forgot what he read, and it was this gift that made him the remarkable conversationalist and controversialist that he was. He was a devout and active member of the Congregational church, and one of its most valued supporters. He was married in 1815 to Miss Almira Mills Foot, a lady of great force of character, of amiable disposition, and of a most affectionate nature. She was born in Norfolk, Connecticut, in 1790, and was descended from Nathaniel Foot, the first settler of Wethersfield, and was a half-sister of the late Joseph B. Cowles, of Austinburg, and of the late Hon. Samuel Cowles, who died in Cleveland in 18a7. After the death of his consort, which occurred in 1846, Dr. Cowles spent his remaining days among his children, who vied with each other in endeavoring to promote his comfort and smooth the ways of his declining days. He died in June, 1861, at the residence of his son, Mr. Edwin Cowles, in Cleveland. Had he lived only one and a half years longer he would have witnessed the great desire of his BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 343 heart—the abolition of slavery. As it was, like Moses of old, " he died in sight of the promised land." Dr. Cowles had six children. His first child, Samuel, died when three years of age. His second, Giles hooker, died in Cleveland, aged twenty-three, leaving four, who are living: Mrs. Helen C. Wheeler, of Butler, Missouri; Judge Samuel Cowles, of San Francisco, California; Edwin Cowles, editor of the Leader, Cleveland; and Alfred Cowles, one of the publishers of the Chicago Tribune. EDWIN COWLES. Edwin Cowles, editor and printer, was born in Austinburg, Ashtabula county, Ohio, September 19, 1825. His father was the late Dr. Edwin W. Cowles just noticed. His ancestors were all of Puritan descent, except one line, which traces its origin to the Huguenots. On his father's side he is descended ?from one of three brothers who settled in the town of Farmington, Connecticut, in 1652. On his grandmother's side, who was a Miss Abigail White of Stamford, Connecticut, he is a direct descendant of Peregrine White, the first white child born in New England; and also of a Huguenot by the name of De Grasse, which name was changed subsequently to Weed. The Rev. Thomas Hooker, the first clergyman who was settled in Connecticut, was also one of Mr. Cowles' ancestors. On his mother's side he was descended from Nathaniel Foote, the first settler of Wethersfield, Connectiout. His boyhood days were spent in Cleveland, with the exception of a few years that he lived in Austin- burg, and in Detroit where his father resided for a short time. In 1839 he commenced learning the trade of a printer and served his time mostly with the late Josiah A. Harris, then editor of the Cleveland Herald. He finished his education at Grand River Institute in 1843. At the age of eighteen, he embarked in the printing business in company with Mr. T. H. Smead, under the firm name of Smead & Cowles. In 1853 he dissolved partnership with Mr. Smead and became a member of the firm of Medill, Cowles & Co., publishers of the daily Forest City Democrat, which was the result of the consolidation of the daily True Democrat and daily Forest City. Both papers had been published as losing ventures, the former by John C. Vaughan and the latter by Joseph Medill. In 1854 the name of the paper was changed to Cleveland Leader. In 1855 Messrs. Medill and Vaughan sold out to Mr. Cowles and removed to Chicago, where they purchased the Chicago Tribune, of which Mr. Cowles' brother, Alfred, became the business manager. During the winter of 1854-55 the first movement which led to the formation of the great Republican party was made in the Leader editorial room, resulting in the issuing of the call for the first Republican convention ever held, which met in Pittsburg. The gentlemen who held that meeting in the edrtorial room were Messrs. John C. Vaughan, Joseph Medill, J. F. Keeler, R. C. Parsons, R. P. Spalding and others whose names are not remembered. The result of that convention was the consolidation of the Free Soil, Know-nothing and Whig parties into one great party, the history of which is well known. Mr. Cowles carried on the paper alone until 1866, when he organized the Cleveland Leader Printing Company, of which he retained a controlling interest. He acted is business manager of the Leader until 1860, when he assumed the chief-editorship. From this time he steadily rose to prominence as an editor because of the strength and boldness of his utterances and his progressive and decided views on popular topics, which soon made his journal one of the most powerful in the West. While the terrible black cloud of secession was looming up in 1860-61, Mr. Cowles took a firm position in the columns of the Leader in favor of the government suppressing the heresy of secession with the army awl navy if necessary. In 1861 he was appointed postmaster of Cleveland and held that office for five years. Under his administration he established and perfected the system of free delivery of mail matter by carriers. In 1861 Mr. Cowles first suggested, in his paper, the nomination by the Republican party of David Tod, a war Democrat, for the purpose of uniting all the loyal elements in the cause of the Union. The suggestion was adopted, and Mr, Tod was nominated and elected. That same year, immediately after the battle of Bull Run, Mr. Cowles wrote an editorial headed "Now is the time to abolish slavery." He took the position that the South, being in a state of rebellion against the general government had forfeited all right to property-that the government had the same right to abolish slavery for the purpose of weakening the resources of the Confederacy by liberating in its midst a producing class from which it mainly derived its sinews of war, as it had to capture and destroy rebel property, burn towns, etc., as a military necessity. For taking this advanced position the Leader was severely criticized by a portion of the Republican press, which declared that it was aiding the rebellion by creating dissatisfaction among the war Democrats of the north. In less than one year after the publication of that article President Lincoln issued his preliminary emancipation proclamation, which embodied precisely the same views. In 1863 Mr. Cowles suggested in the Leader the name of John Brough to succeed Governor Tod in the gubernatorial chair. It was after the name of Vallandigham, had been taken up by the Democracy for that office, and at a period during the war previous to the surrender of Vicksburg and the battle of Gettysburg, when the Union armies had met with a series of reverses, and discouragement had commenced its work among the conservative loyal element. The nomination of Vallandigham, following the election of 1862, when the Demo- 344 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. crats had carried Ohio by a large majority, created great alarm among the friends of the Union for fear that the discouraging military outlook would have its effect toward favoring the peace-at-any-price party. Mr. Brough, though formerly a life-long Democrat, was a firm Union man under all circum-. stances, and withal his reputation for great executive ability was widely known, and for these reasons his name was announced as a candidate for governor in the .Leader. It was warmly seconded by the loyal press, and he was nominated and elected -by, more than one hundred thousand majority over Mr. Vallandigham. Governor Brough, and Governors Andrews and Morton, formed that famous trio of great war governors whose names will go down in history side by side with Lincoln, Grant, Stanton and Chase. In 1870, Mr. Cowles' attention having been called to the great danger that existed from the various railroad crossings in the valley of the Cuyahoga between the Nights of the east and west sides of Cleveland, he conceived the idea of a high bridge, or viaduct as it is generally called, to span the valley and Cuyahoga river, connecting the two hill tops, thus avoiding going up and down hill and crossing the "valley of death." He wrote an elaborate editorial favoring the city's building the viaduct. His suggestion met with fierce opposition from the other city papers, it being considered by them utopian and unnecessary, but it was submitted to the popular vote and carried by an immense majority. This great work, costing nearly three millions, is one of the wonders of Cleveland. In 1876 Mr. Cowles was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Cincinnati, which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for President. He represented Ohio in the committee on platform, and was the author of the seventh plank favoring a constitutional amendment forbidding appropriations out of any public fund for the benefit of any institution under sectarian control. The object of this amendment was two-fold: first, to forever settle the questfon of dividing the school fund for the benefit of the Roman Catholic Church; second, to guard the future from the encroachment of that Church that is sure to result from its extraordinary increase in numbers. In 1877 he was complimented by President Hayes by heing appointed one of the honorary commissioners to the Paris Exposition. Mr. Cowles has now been connected with journalism for over a quarter of a century. The experience of his paper has been like the history of all daily papers. It had sunk previous to his being connected with it over thirty thousand dollars. The first nine years after he had taken hold of it, it sunk over forty thousand dollars more, and at the end. of that time it commenced paying expenses, eventually resulting in his being able to pay off every cent of indebtedness. Its business has increased tenfold under his administration, and it also has the largest daily circulation of any paper west of the Alleghenies, with the exception of two papers in Chicago, one in St. Louis, and one in Cincinnati, and has more than double the circulation of all the other Cleveland papers combined. When he commenced his editorial career, his staff consisted of himself, one associate, and one city editor. Now it is composed of himself as chief editor, one managing, four assistant editors, and an editor each in charge of the commercial, city, literary and dramatic, and telegraphic departments, also one in charge of the Washington branch office, and four reporters—fourteen in all. His chief characteristic as an editor, is his fearlessness in treating all questions of the day without stopping to consider "whether he will lose any subscribers" by taking this side or that. His great ambition is to have the Leader take the lead in the work of reform, the promulgation of progressive ideas, the elevation of humanity to as high a scale as possible, and to oppose in every shape tyranny and injustice, whether of church, State, capital, corporation, or trade-unions, and at the same time to make it the most influential paper in the State, if not in the West. Mr. Cowles' success in life has been attained under extraordinary disadvantages. From his birth he was afflicted with a defect in hearing which caused so peculiar an impediment of speech that no parallel case was to be found on record. Until he was twenty- three years of age the peculiarity of this impediment was not discovered. At that age Professor Kennedy, a distinguished elocutionist, became interested in his case, and after a thorough examination it was found that he never heard the hissing sound of the human voice, and consequently had never made that sound. Many of the consonants sounded alike to him. He never heard the notes of the seventh octave of a piano or organ,. never heard the upper notes of a violin, the fife in martial music, never heard a bird sing, and, has always supposed that the music of the birds was a poetical fiction. This discovery of his physical defect enabled him to act accordingly. After- much time spent in practicing, tinder Professor Kennedy's tuition, he was enabled to learn arbitrarily how to make the hissing sound, but he never hears the sound himself, although he could hear ordinarily low-toned conversation. As a citizen Mr. Cowles was ever active in all benevolent and charitable enterprises, giving liberally to them according to his means, and devoting the influence of his journal to their support and encouragement. Mr.. Cowles is wedded to his profession, and never expects to leave it for any other; in other words, he expects to die in the harness. Owing to the power of the press in controlling public sentiment, backed up as it is Eby the aid of wonderful lightning printing machinery, the telegraph, that great association for the collection of news-the associated press, the division of intellectual labor into different departments, and the fast railroad trains, he considers journalism, if only managed in the interests of religion, morals, humanity, and of doing the greatest BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 345 good to the greatest number, the grandest of all professions. Mr. Cowles was married in 1849, to Miss Elizabeth C. Hutchinson, daughter of the Hon. Mosely Hutchinson, of Cayuga, New York. He had by this union six children, Myra E. who married Mr. Chas. W. Chase, a merchant of Cleveland; Helen H., Eugene H. Alfred H., Lewis H, and Edwin. The youngest, Edwin, died in infancy. His eldest son, Eugene, is a member of the Leader editorial staff, having charge of the Washington office as correspondent. SAMUEL COWLES. Samuel Cowles, a lawyer, was horn in Norfolk, Connecticut, June 8, 1775, and died at Cleveland; Ohio, in November, 1837. His father was a representative New England farmer. He was educated at Williams College, and graduated there in the year 1798, afterwards serving as tutor there for two years, when he commenced the study of law in Hartford, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced his profession in Farmington and Hartford till abont 1820, when he removed to Cleveland, then a village of about five hundred inhabitants. There he went into partnership with the late Alfred Kelley, and carried on the law business with him for several years. Afterward Mr. Cowles formed a copartnership with a late student of Ids, Sherlock J. .Andrews; finally giving the business up to hint and retiring from the practice of his profession about the year 1834. Hon. J. W. Allen studied law under Mr. Cowles in the year 1825. In 1839 he was appointed a judge of the court of common pleas, which position he filled at the time of his death. In 1832 Mr. Cowles was married in Lenox, Massachusetts, to Miss Cornelia Whiting. In 1833 he erected the mansion on Euclid avenue, now used as an Ursuline convent, and resided in it till his death. He was a good representative of the gentlemen of the old school, a high-minded lawyer, of irreproachable character, of dignified bearing, and of the most fastidious tastes. His society was sought after, especially by the cultivated. He was a brother-in-law of the late Dr. Edwin W. Cowles, and uncle to Mr. Edwin Cowles of the Cleveland Leader. D. W. CROSS. D. W. Cross, one of Cleveland's prominent citizens and leading capitalists, was born on the 17th of November, 1814, in Richland (now Pulaski), New York. He received an excellent .education at Hamilton Seminary (one of the foremost institutions of learning in the State), and, upon the completion of his studies in 1836, removed to Cleveland, where he entered the law-office of Messrs. Payne & Wilson as a .student. While thus employed he received, in 1837, an appointment as deputy collector of the port of Cleveland, which position, with a brief interruption, he retained for eighteen years. During that time he effected many useful reforms and improvements in the management of the custom-house, and received from the secretary of the treasury a gift of $500 as an acknowledgment of his zeal and energy. During the first years of his holding the office he continued his law studies, and in due season was admitted to practice in both the State and United States courts. In 1844 he joined Mr. Robert Parks in a law partnership which continued until the death of that gentleman in 1860. In 1848 and 1849 he was elected township-clerk of Cleveland (an important office) by overwhelmingly large majorities, and in 1849 was chosen a member of the city council. In 1855 Mr. Cross entered upon the most important enterprise of his life, that of coal-mining. In company with Oliver II. Perry he purchased one hundred and fifty acres of land, and leased several. other tracts, upon Mineral Ridge, in the Mahoning valley, the coal deposits in which were beginning to promise important results if properly worked. Messrs. Perry & Cross entered promptly and actively into the business of coal mining, and soon landed upon the Cleveland docks, via the Pennsylvania and Ohio canals, the first cargoes of coal shipped from Mineral Ridge to Cleveland.. In 1859 Mr. Perry transferred his interest to Henry B. Payne, the firm being continued as D. W. Cross & Co. In 1860 it received an additional partner in the person of Lemuel Crawford, who retired in 1861 and was succeeded by Isaac Newton; the firm name being changed to Cross, Payne & Co. Business operations were at this time materially widened by the purchase of new coal mines, by the construction of dooks, and by the building of a railway to connect the Summit Bank with the canal, at Middlebury. In 1867 Mr. Cross retired from the firm of Cross, Payne & Co., and rested awhile upon the fruits of his industry. Since his retirement from the firm, however, Mr. Cross has retained his connection with the coal interest to a considerable extent, and is to-day the owner of some of the most valuable coal lands in the State. his identification with the early coal trade of the Mahoning valley, and its prosperous development under his efforts, were facts of such importance, not only in his career but in that of Cleveland, that it would he very difficult to separate entirely the history of his life from that of the great business just alluded to. His was the mind that saw how important and necessary it was that Cleveland should have cheap coal, to the end that she might hecome a great maim- facturing city, and in opening the way for cheap fuel he furnished the opportunity for which Cleveland had so long waited. Although no longer immediately connected with the coal trade, Mr. Cross is still actively engaged in 346 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. important business enterprises, for a temperament like his could not be well satisfied with entire inactivity; but, naturally, he enjoys substantial immunity from, the anxieties and labors incident to his earlier experience. The interests of three important manufacturing corporations receive the benefits of his attention. Of each of two of these—the Winslow Oar Roofing Company and the Cleveland Steam Gauge Company= be is the president, and of a third—the Amherst Stone Company—he is a director. To the conduct of these extensive enterprises Mr. Cross gives careful heed, and their substantial success testifies to his excellent administration. He is a life member of the Western Reserve and Northern Ohio Historical Society, and a member of the Kirtland Society of Natural History. With both organizations he has long been closely associated, and to the latter has contributed many valuable specimens. He was, in his younger days, a prominent member of the Cleveland Grays, and in 1837 was the secretary of that organization. For many years subsequent to 1839 he was the secretary of the Cleveland Lyoeum, a popular debating society of that period. Since the beginning of his residence in Cleveland Mr. Cross has been a devoted disciple of Nimrod and Isaak Walton, and to this day finds his attachment to the sports of hunting and angling undimmed. These are his favorite relaxations, and, in his leisure hours, he follows them quite as eagerly as of yore. He was one of the founders of the renowned Winous Point Shooting Club, which owns over ten thousand acres of land near Sandusky Bay, and which, in its appointments and scope of action, is far beyond any similar organization in the country. In connection with Dr. Darby (taxidermist), T. K. Bolton, E. A. Brown, L. M. Hubby and others, he contributed largely toward securing the superb collection of game birds now ornamenting the reception rooms of the club. As an angler Mr. Cross is not only an enthusiast but an authority. From the Adirondacks to Lake Superior, streams and lakes have paid tribute to his skill, and in company with Prof. Horace A. Ackley and Dr. Thomas Garlick—the pioneers of artificial fish-culture in America-he has passed many a busy hour upon the shores of Lake Erie in the successful pursuit of the finny tribe. It was through Professor Ackley's persuasion that Mr. Cross wrote the "catonarium," first published in the Cleveland Herald and afterward in Dr. Kirtland's Family Visitor, and the Spirit of the Times, as well as in other leading journals. Another article from Mr. Cross' pen, entitled "Big and Small Mouth Bass, and How a Trout takes a Fly," published in the Chicago Field of the date of February 8, 1879, assisted materially in settling a vexed question among scientific sportsmen. In the evening of his days, Mr. Cross enjoys the satisfaction of having sturdily battled with the difficulties of life and of having produced important results, beneficial alike to himself and the community. The les son of such a life needs no elaboration, since it is conveyed in unmistakable terms by the simple record of the events. The wife of Mr. Cross was not only an amiable companion but was a valuable coadjutor in building up her husband's fortunes. She was Miss Loraine P. Lee, of Bloomfield, New York, and was married to Mr. Cross in 1840. In 1873 she visited Europe and spent eighteen months in extended travel, of which she recorded her impressions in a series of highly interesting letters to the Cleveland Leader. Shortly after her return she fell ill, and passed to her rest on the 23d of January, 1875. Devoted to her home and family, endeared to a large circle of friends, and foremost in acts of charity and love, her name remains embalmed in the affectionate remembrance of all who knew her. JOHN CROWELL. This gentleman, a talented lawyer and politician, was born at East Haddam, Middlesex county, Connecticut, on the 15th of September 1801. His grandfather, Samuel Crowell, was born at Chatham, Barnstable county, Massachusetts, March 10, 1742, of which place his ancestors for several generations had been natives. In 1769 or 1770 he married Jerusha Tracy, of East Haddam, by whom he had five sons, viz: William, Samuel, Eliphaz, John and Hezekiah, and also one daughter who died in infancy. Samuel Crowell, Sr., died at East Haddam in 1810. Of this family, William, the eldest son, was the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born at East Haddam on the 10th of July, 1771. His wife, Ruth Peck, daughter of Daniel Peck, was born in the same town in August of the same year. In the autumn of 1806, he, with his wife and a family of nine children (afterward increased to fourteen), removed to Ohio and settled in Rome, Ashtabula county, where be spent the remainder of his life. The Western Reserve was at that time an almost unbroken wilderness and but sparsely inhabited. Mr. Crowell's family was the first in the township of Rome, and their nearest neighbors on the south were eighteen miles distant. For a few years after their settlement the privations of the pioneers were very severe. Food, shelter and clothing were only to be obtained by the most arduous exertions. Yet the forests were quickly turned into fruitful fields, and rude dwellings speedily erected. The hardships were borne with womanly patience and manly fortitude, and all honor is due the noble pioneers through whose labors the Western Reserve has become what it is today. The boyhood of John Crowell was spent among the most primitive scenes. His father was a carpenter, and with the assistance of his two eldest sons built most of the framed dwellings for miles around. Thus John was left at home to assist in clearing and cultivating the farm. He possessed a vigorous con- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 347 stitution and more than ordinary strength, and surpassed most of his associates in the power of physical endurance. His labor on the farm was continued until he reached his majority, and though he had occasionally attended a winter term of the common school—kept in a log cabin—he was substantially destitute of books, and the means of instruction and improvement which they afford. During his minority he also attended for a few months a select school in Jefferson, taught hy Mr. Thomas Whelpley, and spent one winter under the instruction of the late Rev. John Hall, while that gentleman was a student of theology. In the month of November, 1822, young Crowell went on foot to Warren, in order to avail himself of the advantages offered by an academy which had been established in that place a short time previous. The school at that time was conducted by Mr. E. R. Thompson, a graduate of Cambridge University, and a most worthy gentleman, who is remembered by Mr. Crowell with affectionate regard. He continued in the academy with slight interruption until February, 1825, and then commenced the study of law in the office of Thomas L. Webb, of Warren, remaining under his instruction until admitted to the bar in 1827. While prosecuting his studies he supported himself by teaching school, and for six months of the last year previous to his admission he was principal of the academy. Immediately after his admission to the bar he opened an office in Warren, and commenced the practice of his profession. Having purchased Mr. William Quintry's interest in the Western Reserve Chronicle, he became the partner of George Hapgood in the ownership of that establishment, and also the editor of the paper, which he conducted for several years. During the long and severe contest for the presidency between General Jackson and John Quincy Adams, he was a staunch supporter of the latter. A man of his ability and enterprise could not remain long in obscurity, and his talents soon procured for him an extensive practice and a commanding position at the bar. Mr. Crowell's attention, however, was not entirely absorbed by his profession or his newspaper. He took a deep interest in all questions pertaining to the moral and intellectual improvement of the people of the surrounding country. He was one of the earliest advocates of the principles of temperance, and assisted in organizing in Warren one of the first temperance societies in the West. Mr. Crowell was also one of the prime movers in the organization of the first colonization society, of which he was appointed secretary, and devoted both time and energy to its support. At length, however, finding it not adapted to the purpose for which it was originated-the alleviation of the sufferings of the slaves—he, with Gerritt Smith and others, abandoned the society, but not by any means the cause of the oppressed. Mr. Crowell continued in active practice until 1840, when he was elected to the senate of Ohio from Trumbull county, on the Whig tioket. He possessed in a pre-eminent degree all the higher qualities of a successful politician, and soon became the acknowledged leader of his party in his district. In 1846 he was unanimously nominated to Congress, and was elected by a decisive majority, his opponents being R. P. Ranney and John Hutchins. In 1848 he was elected by an increased majority over Judge Ranney. In Congress he was made a member of the committee on claims and of the committee on Indian affairs. In July, 1848, he made an able speech in the House on the subject of "Slavery in the District of Columbia," in which he earnestly protested against the slave trade and depicted in a fearful manner some of the abhorent practices attendant upon the traffic in human beings. In one instance he says: "Slavery is now, as it always has been, a disturbing element in the Government, and there is every reason to believe it will remain so till the last vestige of it is swept away." In conclusion he aptly quoted what Addison had said of Italy nearly one hundred and fifty years before: "How has kind Heaven adorned this happy land, And scattered blessings with a wasteful hand! But what avail her unexhausted stores, Her blooming mountains, and her sunny shores, With all the gifts that Heaven and earth impart, The smiles of Nature, and the charms of Art, While proud oppression in her valleys reigns And tyranny usurps her happy plains." In 1850, during a long and exciting debate relative to the admission of California into the Union as a free State, he delivered a speech which attracted general attention, and in which he again expressed in the strongest terms his sentiments in regard to the extension of slavery. After his retirement from Congress he removed, in 1852, to Cleveland, and resumed the practice of law. In 1862 he was elected president of the Ohio State and Union Law College, and continued in that position until 1876, when, on account of failing health, he was obliged to resign. The arduous duties of the place were most satisfactorily discharged, and his lectures were highly appreciated for their depth of thought and practical application. The title of LL.D. was conferred upon him by the Law College about the time of his appointment to the presidency. He was also, for some time, chief editor of Thc Western Law Monthly, published in Cleveland, which contained a series of biographical sketches from his pen. Mr. Crowell delivered several courses of lectures in the Homoeopathic college, on account of which he received the honorary degree of M.D., and was made dean of the faculty. He served in the State militia nearly twenty years, holding the office of brigadier general, and being, finally elected major general. He is, and always has been, an earnest advocate of common schools; and, looking upon christianity as the true basis of civilization, he has throughout his 348 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. life been a decided supporter of the Christian Church. Forty years or more ago he assisted in founding the first Episcopal church in Warren, and held an office in that parish until his removal to Cleveland. He is still a member of the Episcopal Church, but is Protestant and Evangelical, not Catholic, and therefore expresses himself as decidedly opposed to turning parish churches into recruiting stations, and the clergymen into drill- sergeants for the Church of Rome. Mr. Crowell is not only a learned and accomplished lawyer, but also takes high rank as a classical scholar. His knowledge of history, ancient and modern, and of English literature, is critical and scholarly. He possesses clear and enlarged views of the the principles of legal science, in its broadest sense, ripe culture and an exemplary character, and has filled the numerous positions of honor and trust to which be has been chosen with marked ability and unvarying fidelity. his success in life is due to the high and noble qualities of his mind, to courage undaunted by the greatest obstacles, untiring industry and sound judgment. His natural gifts, physical and mental, have been thoroughly disciplined and cultivated. His addresses, lectures and biographical sketches were models of elegant diction and full of valuahle and interesting points. As a political leader he enjoyed the fullest confidence of his party, and the respect of all. He has been a member and earnest supporter of the Republican party since its organization. As-a citizen he is highly esteemed and above reproach. He is now an invalid, and has retired from active business. After many years of labor, in public and private life, he enjoys the pleasures of a quiet home, the society of a large circle of friends and acquaintances, and the well- earned privilege of spending the remainder of his days in ease and quiet. Mr. Crowell was married in 1833 to Eliza B. Estabrook, of Worcester, Massachusetts. To them have been born five Children, four of whom are living, one having died in infancy. They are Julia K., widow of Col. Henry G. Powers; Eliza S., widow of the late Henry F. Clark; John Crowell, Jr., a lawyer of the firm of M. D. Leggett & Co., and William Crowell. CHAPTER LXVII BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES--CONTINUED. J. H. Devereux —W. H. Doan—D. P. Eells—S. T. Everett—James Farmer —S. O. Griswold—E. B. Hale—T. P. Handy—Benjamin Harrington—H. J. Herrick—R. R. Herrick—O. J, Hodge—G. W. Howe—J. M. Hoyt— H. B. Hurlbut—John Hutchins—Levi Johnson--Alfred Kelley—T, M. Kelley—C. G. King—Zenas King—R. F. Paine—R. C. Parsons—H. B. Payne—F. W. Pelton— Jacob Perkins—Nathan Perry—H. H. Poppletom JOHN HENRY DEVEREUX. John Henry Devereux, son of Captain John Devereux, of the merchant marine, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, April 5, 1832. His ancestors were among the first settlers of the colony- of Massachusetts Bay: He has also a long ancestry in the aristocracy of the Old World, being of the twenty-sixth generation in England and of .the seventh in this country, in direct lineal descent from Robert de Ebroicis, or Robert D'Evreux, known in history as one of the Norman conquerors of England in 1066. He was educated at Portsmouth (New Hampshire) Academy, and, early in 1848, left his home in Massachusetts and came to Ohio in the capacity of a civil engineer. At that time be was but sixteen years old, a very independent and high-spirited boy, possessed of undaunted courage and unbounded enterprise. On arriving at Cleveland, he was at once employed as a constructing engineer on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. After its completion he found similar employment on the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad. In 1852 he went south, and, until 1861, was engaged as civil engineer in the construction of railroads in Tennessee. He was prominently connected with the internal improvements of that State and section, and was referee in several important cases, as to location and construction. He became the leading spirit in railroad affairs, and had determined upon residing there the remainder of his life, but on the breaking out of the war he left Tennessee—regretfully and regretted. In the spring of 1862, after having made a reconnoissance for a military railroad in the Shenandoah valley, he received the appointment of superintendent of military railroads in Virginia, and under it had charge of all railroads out of Alexandria, and con- -meted therewith. It was early in the spring of 1862 that the forward movements of the Federal armies in Virginia called for active operation, by the government, of the railroad lines centering in Alexandria and connecting ..with Washington. These lines of railroads were in the most deplorable Condition, and in the midst of chaos, and of imperative demands for endless transportation to and from the advancing armies, General McCallum was suddenly called to the head of the department of railroads, and in turn summoned Colonel Devereux to act as the controller and chief of the Virginia lines. The work was herculean, and its difficulties were well nigh insurmountable; the constant assaults of the enemy upon the roads being almost equaled in injurious effect by the intolerance and ignorance of Federal officers, whose ambition by turns extended to the special ownership and direction of every mile of track, and every car and locomotive. No definite line was drawn between the jurisdiction of the chiefs of the road management, of the War Department, and of the army, but the unwritten law was none the less exacting as laid down by quartermaster's and commissaries' departments, by ordnance and hospital departments, by the chiefs in command in the field. Through the whole ran the demands necessitated by the move- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES - 349 meat of large bodies of troops, of batteries and pontoon trains, and the carriage of the sick and wounded. The roads were infested with suspicious characters and peddlers, and the trains swarmed with these, to the injury of every interest in the service. There was no time for preparation. Colonel Devereux plunged into the chaotic mass, and, meeting unmoved each obstacle, laid at once the foundation of discipline and brought the strictest order and obedience into almost instant action. He filled the reconstructed shops with tools, and the roads with adequate equipments; quietly and patiently but persistently developed the system of military railroad law, and made it harmonize with the regulations of each department. He swept away With a single stroke every peddler, and leech, and spy, and thief from the trains, which now became in reality "through trains of government supplies," as the orders required, and were manned and officered with the most rigid discipline. He organized a corps of inspection and detection which swept away all that was bad or suspicious, and made his eye eye the chief sentinel of the army, before which everything and everybody had to pass for recognition and approval. With strong practical sense he avoided clashing between the departments by fitting the vast machine of transportation to their wants, and thus aided greatly all the plans of General Haupt, as of his predecessor, General McCallum. With unwearied energy he developed the resources of the same ponderous machine until Alexandria became the center of a great system, that worked with the precision of a chronometer in the distribution, under his hand, of countless stores, munitions, and troops. It mattered but little how many roadways or bridges were destroyed by the enemy, the railroad trains were never behind. Major General Meade particularly was supplied with rations and forage "so magnificently," as he expressed it, tinder all circumstances, that his repeatedly- expressed appreciation removed the last obstacle that might have remained to cause friction to the system. It was a gallant thing, with Pope's army driven back and scattered in confusion, to bring into Alexandria every car and engine in saftey—in somc cases working the cars up the grades by hand while the ground trembled with the shock of battle. Such work as this he repeatedly performed. It was a noble labor, that of caring for the sick and wounded, which was made a part of the military railroad work, and the United States Sanitary Commission gratefully acknowledged his constant and valuable aid in this direction. No officer stood better with the War Secretary nor with the President, and, holding a position which could have been turned into a source of immense personal gain, his integrity was beyond doubt—no man dared even attempt to bribe him. He directed and moved men and machines by a thorough system, and the result was great smoothness in operation and precision in management; hence the promptness of movement and immunity from serious accident which marked the working of these military railroads. In the spring of 1864 the military railroad work was drawing to a close, and Col. Devereux felt at liberty to heed the calls made for his services in civil life. During his connection with the Army of the Potomac he had won the good will and respect of all, and the entire confidence of the leading men in the army and the government with whom his position 'brought him in contact. His resignation was received with sincere regret, and he bore with him to Ohio the hearty good wishes of those with whom be had been associated. Accepting the management of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, he was its vice president and general superintendent for five years, and under his control it was one of the most judiciously managed roads in the State. In 1866 he was invited to become vice president of the Lake Shore railroad company, and soon after accepting that position he was elected to the presidency. When the consolidation of the Lake Shore road with the connecting, lines between Buffalo and Chicago was effected, under the name of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad company, he was appointed general manager, and had executive control of this great line with all its connections and branches. During his government the line was very successful, and its reputation among railroads for safety and accommodation to the public, and prudent and economical management in the interests of the stockholders, stood deservedly high. The estimate placed upon his ability as a railway Manager was so high that in June, 1873, he received overtures from the Atlantic and Great Western and the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad companies of such a character that be could not in justice to his own interests refuse the offer. He accepted and held, at the same time, the position of president of both the companies. At the same time he was president of minor railroad corporations, whose lines formed part of the system of the larger companies under his direction. When he assumed control of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad its fortunes were at a low ebb. Laboring under the most discouraging odds, he succeeded in putting the line in the best condition under the circumstances, but at the close of the year 1874 it was deemed useless to continue the struggle, until a change in its financial condition had been effected. He was accordingly made receiver, and shortly afterwards resigned his position as president and director, as incompatible with that of receiver appointed by the courts. His appointment to the position just named was received with satisfaction by all concerned, who knew that their clashing interests were in safe and honorable hands. Although never a politician, Col. Devereux has always manifested an active interest in public affairs. Twice he was tendered a nomination to Congress, but declined. He is a man of large brain, great capacity