300 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND Thomas Brown can never be forgotten., he had so truly a friendly side for the world and did so much to encourage and develop youthful talent. With such an editor in a field of so wide a scope, the Ohio Farmer became a cradle of feminine genius. Among the contributors to its first year's columns are the names of Mrs. H. M. Tracy, Rosella Rice, Hester A. Benedict, Mrs. F.. S. Wadsworth, Mary Moreland, Mrs. Frances D. Gage, Mrs. C. E. Snow, Fannie 'B. Ward, and others. Will some one please inform me who " Dora" is, and also, "Little Home Body ?" Even Mrs. Bateham cannot tell. A. frequent name in the Ohio Farmer attaining celebrity is that of Mrs. Helen L. Bostwick. A Ravenna editor has the honor of first encouraging this lady—by publishing in the Western Reserve Cabinet and Visitor a poem of unusual merit, "The Death of the Flowers," written by her at sweet sixteen, with the signature "Nina" affixed ; her name then being Helen Louise Barron. She married Mr. Edmund Bostwick and resided partly in Cleveland, especially after his death. During the first year's existence (1852) of Mr. Brown's paper, she wrote " Mary Jones' Response, “ relating to a AND THEIR WORK - 301 housewife's preparation for the city's annual rural festival. Here is a specimen stanza, addressed evidently, to Mr. Jones : " And now about this Cleveland Fair, When you may wish to go On pleasure jaunts, you'll seldom find That I will answer 'No.' I'm sure the girls can keep the house, And Will can keep the farm, And if you'll send away the cheese There'll nothing come to harm." As time advanced, Mrs. Bostwick took a deserved place among our writers, becoming a contributor to leading papers and magazines ; several volumes of her writings nave beeu    She 'greatly sought after, and her pen generous in response. Afterward she married J. F. Bird, M. D., an eminent physician of Philadelphia, a gentleman of fine attainments and literary culture, attracted to her writings first. She presides in his elegant home, with all the more charm, perhaps, from having in former days tasted of sorrow, and, possibly, poverty. Miss L. E. Noble, of Brecksville, O., kindly responds to my inquiry as to the identity of one of the most charming writers of former times. 302 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND " A lady known to many as Mary E. H. Miller, but to the readers of the early weekly newspapers and monthly magazines as ' Little Home Body,' and `Mrs. Colonel Calico,' was a favorite newspaper writer ; some of her pieces were signed 'M.' " Mrs. Mary Hayes Houghton, of Wellington, 0., a member of our own Press Club, adds her tribute to good Thomas Brown and his paper : " My father subscribed for the Genesee Farmer before the Ohio Cultivator, and we had the Ohio Farmer as long as Thomas Brown edited the consolidation. He gave us the choicest 'Random Gems' and selections from new books, and was more careful of the contents of his paper than are most agricultural journalists. I shall never cease to cherish his memory for the enjoyment the Ohio Farmer of those days gave me and the pains the editor took to cultivate the taste of his readers. " It is a pity more care is not used at present to give the rural population a choice variety of newspaper matter. " Mrs. Harriet M. Tracy, afterward Mrs. Cutler, was the pioneer editor of the Woman's Department ; she called herself 'Aunt Patience.' " Mrs. Bateham was, in earlier life, widow of AND THEIR WORK - 303 Rev. Mr. Cushman, who died at Hayti, I think ; she is daughter of Mrs. Professor Cowles, of Oberlin. She always interested me, then the merest child, in the Cultivator; nothing escaped me. " Helen Barron Bostwick was delightfully entertaining. Do you remember her verses about the boy ' Jimmy ?' "' Our Jimmy has gone for to live in a tent, Since they grafted him into the army. He finally puckered up courage and went, When they grafted him into the army.' " 304 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND CHAPTER XXVII. MRS. HARRIET J. KESTER-CLEVELAND SCHOOL OF ART-LOUISE F. RANDOLPH-GEORGIA L. NORTON - PATRONESSES - MR. AND MRS. C. F. OLNEY-SUBURBAN LADIES - HELEN ELIZABETH KING - LUELLA VARNEY - EMMA D. CLEVELAND - KATHARINE H. CLARK - FIFTEEN ARTISTS-CAROLINE L. RANSOM. The towns of Northern, Ohio have friendship for Cleveland, and we reciprocate through some bright woman resident in each of them who flits in and out of our circles. Mrs. A. A. F. Johnston and Mrs. A. D. Davidson attach us to Oberlin ; Mrs. Emma White Perkins, to Akron ; Mrs. Elwell, to Willoughby ; Mrs. Garfield, to Mentor ; Misses Mary Evans, Louise F. Randolph, and Mrs. Casement, to Painesville. Miss Fanny Hayes and her mother's precious memory to Fremont ; Harriet Taylor Upton, to Warren ; several of culture to Wellington and Berea. Miss AND THEIR WORK - 305 Randolph . has taken many of our girls abroad and so long lectured before the School of Art that she has place among the women of Cleveland. In 1882, Mrs. S. M. Kimball determined to have a School of Design, and induced several ladies to join her. For a time, one pupil was instructed in a small studio at her residence, by Mrs. Harriet J. Kester, a charming woman and fine instructor, who was one evening crowned with a golden laurel wreath, by Mrs. H. B. Payne, at her own home, in presence of patrons and friends. Before this, classes were formed in the City Hall and it arose in November, 1822, to the dignity of the Western Reserve School of Design for Women, with two-score or more of founders and trustees. The progress made by the students, the essays written by them, their improvement because of conversations upon topics pertaining to higher education and their advancement through personal character-building, insisted upon by their sincere and elegant principal, were gratifying to the citizens in charge. Besides several gentlemen, Mrs. Mary S. Bradford, Mrs. Payne, Mrs. L. E. Holden, Mrs. R. C. Parsons, Mrs. Wm. Bingham, Mrs. E. B. Hale, Mrs. P. M. Hitchcock, Mrs. Stevenson 306 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND Burke, Mrs. Mary S. Cary, our Oriental and European traveler, Mrs. T. D. Crocker, Miss Anne Walworth, Mrs. R. P. Ranney, Mrs. G. W. Little, Mrs. J. M. Adams, Mrs. Harriet D. Coffinbury, Mrs. C. C. Burnett, Mrs. Alice M. Claflen, Mrs. Kimball and her, daughter, Mrs. Sheridan, Mrs. W. W; Armstrong, Mrs. C. B. Lockwood, Mrs. South-worth, Mrs. J, S. Casement and Mrs. Castle all love the school and work for it. We would gratefully acknowledge the aid of Professor and Mrs. C. F. Olney—themselves a means of culture to the whole city. In their home and newly placed collection of the best in art is centered an inspiration to achieve "the good, the true, the beautiful ;" this, combined with a delightful hospitality, renders them a power not only in, the section of the city where they reside, but to all our educational agencies. The Cleveland School of Art, with over one hundred pupils, is now in the Kelley Homestead, on Willson avenue, living from year to year in hope of endowment. In the city are several fine, galleries of paintings, a legacy from Mr. Kelley for an art museum, and a late (1892) Christmas present from Mr. J. H. Wade of three and three-fourths acres in College Reserve AND THEIR WORK - 307 of his park. These gifts animate the ladies of the Board of Management as to the future of the school. A delightful experience was when Miss Louise F. Randolph spoke in City Hall, during twenty weeks, to students and citizens upon art-history, illustrated by photographs, with tither pictures and fragments of the antique. In that golden time, the writer was her guest at Lake Erie Seminary, where many Cleveland girls have studied, and saw there Venus put the little lulus to sleep upon the sweet Marjoram ; Raphael's masterpieces ; a collection of Thorwaldsen's and some of Lucca Della Roblia's round canvas ; Szutes ware from Paris and the Temple of Minerva, remarkable for its entablature ; representing that astute equal-rights champion as goddess of the household arts. A rare May concert took place, in which the garnet in the girls' drapery and in the bloom of their bouquets made the chorus look like a troupe of angels floating in on a rose-tinted cloud. Out of the whole of the delicious evening's music, nothing was half so beautiful as: "On either side the river, lie Long fields of barley and of rye That clothe the wold and meet the sky ; 308 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND And thro' the field the road runs by To many-towered Camelot. And up and down the people go, Gazing where the lilies blow, Round our island there below The island of Shallot." Miss Georgia L. Norton, a capital principal, comes to us from the Massachusetts State Normal School, with courage, persistence, ability ; not only as artist, but as business woman. So thoroughly is she mistress of the situation that we may consider her in every way a woman of Cleveland. Miss Cook is abroad ; Miss Waldeck, most accomplished and thorough ; Miss Temple gives promise of success. Gentlemen are also in the Faculty. The work of the school is highly esteemed by critics and connoisseurs. In the city are thirty professional lady artists, all industrious and praiseworthy. Miss A. Copeland has a rich collection, from a classic Laocoon to crimson gladioli and purple. lilacs. Miss Emma Lane's pictures are beautiful ; a friend's portrait ; white satin for white lilies on a baby's white casket. She designed the frontispiece for the second edition of Lorna Doon. Miss E. B. Black has " faculty" and good sense, can teach classes, AND THEIR WORK - 309 "fire" china, or write art-notes for a local newspaper. She executes commissions in New York. Anna Cahoon will be proficient in mural decoration. Miss Noble has fine landscapes ; Mrs. Ehret, lovely china; Miss Worrallo, a water-colorist ; Addie Strong is an accomplished wood-carver ; Miss Whittlesey, Helen and Mattie Olmsted have exquisite variety in heads and water-colors, and are popular instructors in their art. The last mentioned two ladies have studied abroad. The Misses Morse, Miss Cook, and Jessie Eyears at now in continental galleries. Anna B. Little produces fine heads. Luella Varney, our sculptor, spends much of her time at the Piazza Cappuccini, Rome. Her work, a part of which is a bust of " Mark Twain," was easily accepted in the Columbian Exposition. Mrs. Helen Olmsted has, also, there a portrait-bust. MISS EMMA D. CLEVELAND.—One of the most earnest and enthusiastic of the lady artists here is Miss Emma Douglass Cleveland. She studied landscape exclusively, with Mr. R. Way Smith, bringing to her work intelligent appreciation and intense love for art. She achieves results through honesty of purpose ; is quick to perceive the ex- 310 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND pressive and dramatic in nature. She has studied in New York with Mr. F. C. Jones, but more recently has worked alone in her studio at the charming home of her father, 667 Prospect street. Miss Cleveland is a frequent exhibitor at the Rochester Art Club, and has had work shown at the National Academy of Design. Her picture called "A Door-yard at Hague," Lake George, N. Y:, receives favorable comment. HELEN ELIZABETH KING.—This lady painted, ten years ago, with Mr. R. Way Smith ; art is her vocation. Fond of studies in animals, she makes t specialty of dogs. Under her hand, the celebrated pointer, " Maxim," was a notable success. Her sheep are so natural and woolly that they all but step out of the picture. She was a student at the Adelphi Art School, Brooklyn, N. Y., and of Mr. J. D. Smellie, one of the best landscape painters in the country ; a pupil, also, at the Sherwood, in New York, and later of the League, Washington, D. C. For several years, she has had large classes from among our best people, giving ample satisfaction. Her work has ready sale. Mrs. King's recent copy of Daniel Huntington's portrait of General Sherman, to be placed in the Ohio Building at the AND THEIR WORK - 311 Columbian Exposition, is one of the best extant—not altogether a copy, either, as Senator Sherman suggested changes. KATHARINE H. CLARK.—Associated with Mrs. King, in City Hall, this lady devotes herself to porcelain decoration, having studied in Cincinnati, New York and Washington. Her specialties are Royal Worcester and Dresden styles, one of her instructors having lived a score of years in the Royal Worcester pottery, England. Her aim is to have work compare 'favorably with imports. These ladies, 'both, are earnest, sincere artists, having come to their present skill and reputation over no flowery highway of ease ; yet they work on with steady courage. The pioneer artist of this city was a Miss Cleveland, who painted in water-colors. The date of her beginning cannot be ascertained, but she was here when Miss Caroline L. Ormes Ransom opened a studio in November, 186o, corner of Superior and Seneca streets. After Miss Cleveland retired, Miss Ransom was the only artist in the city for years, and the studio was frequented by residents and strangers ; in fact, there seemed to be no other place for visitors to see a painting. Art is of slow 312 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND growth in the Forest City, toward which nature has been lavish. This artist, by education, ability, high character and sweetness of temper brought in contact the culture of the Western Reserve. Her first portrait to which publicity was given was of Hon. Joshua R. Giddings, from life, and finished under Daniel Huntington, which was in the Academy of Design, Exhibition of 1859, beside one of her preceptor's, and elicited praise from critics. Miss Ransom had many orders for oil paintings upon her first arrival here ; Governor Brough, Judge Payne and wife, Mrs. D. R. Tilden, Mr. and Mrs. Philo Chamberlin, and others, the most notable among them being that of the eminent naturalist, Dr. J. P. Kirtland, now owned by his daughter, Mrs. Pease. In the Autumn of 1863, General James A. Garfield sat for his in military dress. This portrait, purchased by Mrs. Garfield, now hangs in the family home at Mentor, O., with those of two deceased children and of Grandma Garfield ; the three pieces executed by the same hand. This sketch would be too lengthy if mention were made of all who sat to Miss Ranom. State officials and citizens in high position ; one of these is an admirable portrait of Colonel Chas. AND THEIR WORK - 313 Whittlesey, president, then, of the Western Reserve Historical Society ; another of Hon. T. P. Handy in the Bank of Commerce ; of William Case in Case Library ; two of Salmon P. Chase. In 1867, she went to Europe, where two most valued years were passed. Her work soon attracted the attention of Professor Schnoor, painter to King John of Saxony. Her " Hagar and Ishmael" caused him to grant her any desired privileges in the Royal Gallery of Dresden, even to paint the heads of "Mother and Child," in the Sistine Madonna. Her copy of the Della Notte of Correggio, made in that gallery, fascinated all who looked upon it, even the writer of this history, who after sitting in " Miss Ransom's Studio," upon her return to Cleveland, by the light that filled the manger from the Child's head could go home and weave a story. The picture passed the most cultured criticism. From that time the copyist was creator. Miss Ransom is of revolutionary ancestry ; in 1840, her father was a wealthy business man in Grand River, Ashtabula county, O. Fond of books and learning, Caroline received from him as liberal an education , as the times and situation 314 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND would permit for women. Her mother was beautiful and cultured, and from her the child was predisposed to art, taking lessons in linear drawing and flower painting from strolling teachers. In Latin, Greek and the Natural Sciences she afterward distanced her male class-mates at Grand River Institute. Graduating, she accepted the chair of instruction in these two languages and became principal of the ladies' department ; remaining two years, broadening her knowledge of the classics. It was in her to paint; she essayed heads, succeeded. Horace Greeley and her mother were old friends. He and his sister, Mrs. John F. Cleveland, prepared the way for this ambitious young woman in New York galleries and in those literary circles of which Mrs. C. was leader and soul. Durand, President of the National Academy of Design, was chosen her teacher. Miss Ransom became famous ; we are justly proud of her genius and achievements. In 1885, she opened a studio at Washington, D. C., which naturally, in time, was a center for culture. Her art and literary receptions there are a feature in capitol circles. She is loved because of her nobility of soul. Not only is she artist, but poet and philanthropist. AND THEIR WORK - 315 CHAPTER XXVIII. WOMAN'S MEDICAL WORK - MYRA K. MERRICK, M. D.-ELIZA J. MERRICK-MISS E. GRISELL -MRS. C. A. SEAMAN, FOUNDER OF THE WOMAN'S MEDICAL COLLEGE- FINETTE SCOTT SEELYE - MEDICAL MISSIONARIES- DR. MARTHA A. CANFIELD-LILLIAN G. TOWSLEE, M. D. -INSTITUTIONS. MYRA K. MERRICK, M. D., (R.) our pioneer lady physician, studied in Hyatt's Academy Rooms, New York, prior to the opening of medical colleges to women ; afterward pursuing a course in Nichols' Hydropathic Institute ; next followed training with Professor Ives, of Yale College. The Central Medical College of New York by this time opened its doors to women and she matriculated in 1851, graduated and received the medal of highest honor, locating, in August, 1852, on Miami (how Sheriff) street, Cleveland ; being the first woman physician in the State of Ohio. She 316 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND found it no easy task to open a path for herself in which other women could walk. Unselfishly she has sought for her own sex more liberal advantages in education, more practical and personal observation of disease, more gracious professional recognition, and that a heartier welcome from the city be accorded other women students and practitioners. This is the key to her useful, enthusiastic career. In 1876, she became President of the Woman's Medical College, was one of the first in raising funds for Huron Street Hospital, and for years a member of its staff. In 1879, she founded the Free Medical and Surgical Dispensary for Women and Children, of which she is still President. This Institution, 171 Prospect street, affords aid to the needy sufferer, and trains mind, heart and hand of the many students who have served as resident physicians. During the fourteen years of its existence, the total number of patients treated has been 57,270; of these, 1,322 are surgical cases. Mrs. Merrick retired from public life in 189o. Eliza J. Merrick, M. D., her daughter-in-law, has taken her practice ; lecturing on diseases of children at the Cleveland Medical College. An elegant woman, tall, stately, belonging to the AND THEIR WORK - 317 Society of Friends, attracted my admiration when a young girl here in 1855, because she drove so splendid a horse and had a unique profession ; she was a doctor—Miss Elizabeth Grisell—not a Quaker as to the cut of her garb ; she wore lovely grays and lavenders and had breezy ways—one of the most delightful ladies ever at home in Cleveland ; but she did not long remain under the chilling influence of our lake winds. She returned to her own home in Salem, 0., became a member of County and State Medical Associations, and when for her own health's sake she practiced some years on the Pacific Coast, she joined a similar Society for California. There is a bit of romance in Miss Grisell's early life, which determined the direction of her future effort. Tenderly attached to a young physician, her fiance, he suddenly died, and the strongest tribute of affection she could pay was to take up his life work ; to pursue it until the close of her own career. She graduated at Cleveland and Philadelphia, guided here by H. A. Ackley and Elisha Sterling, M. D. Across the continent, she was very successful, and in Salem is greatly beloved and sought for. Her specialty is the ills to which her own sex are subjected—womanly, true, unselfish, she wears a crown invisible. 318 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND The story of Mrs. C.-A. Seaman's (H.) life is a faithful delineation of a pioneer woman physician's trials and final triumph over prejudice. She was born in Vermont, in 1816, removing with her parents to Rochester, N. Y. At seventeen, she was married to John Seaman ; together they started to make their own home in the village of Cleveland, near. Newburgh. Those were the days of stage-coaches and calashes. Mrs. Seaman often described her wedding bonnet as an immense green affair like a buggy top. Cleveland then numbered sixteen hundred people. Buying a lot on Seneca street, bordered by pasture land and a large field of corn, they put up a small house. Her voice was heard in the little church choir and in the Sunday school; children came; five were taken out of eight. For years she had been reading medical works ; seeking health at a water cure, she had access to the physician's library, studying to her heart's content. Visiting Philadelphia in 1857, she used her small strength in going for exercise 'to a medical college, to which women Were admitted. Returning home, Mrs. Seaman attended the Cleveland Homceopathic College. Here she received instruction, studying AND THEIR WORK - 319 by herself, too, without neglect of the household, finding time to invite to her home, young men from the College, who needed a mother's counsel. Examinations successfully passed, her thesis excellent, she received her degree. Now; what was she to do with it ? Her heart yearned over the hosts of women, suffering as she had for so many years.; meanwhile her friends laughed at Mrs. Seaman's doctoring whim, just as they did when she bought the first sewing machine used in Cleveland. Women had not then reached their present position; she was many years in advance of her age. Once, when in an Eastern city, after the M. D. had been granted her, although she never used it, an old friend, a distinguished clergyman, sent word as she waited in his parlor, ", I cannot come down to see even so dear a friend as Mrs. Seaman, having so unsexed herself as to accept a degree." That discourtesy caused her much anguish. Public men and social leaders, now, take broader views of woman's work. Friends, though they looked with distrust upon women physicians, were glad to ask advice ; always lovingly, freely given; even strangers asked her to come to them in emergency ; this grew until medicines and time 320 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND were consumed, yet, no one thought of paying a woman. After a time, she entered a practice which was not all gratuitous. Women in ill health came to her from city and country until she had a sanitarium. Her Christian character was shown in the taking into a sunny back room, a poor woman from the lane, drawn and contorted ; her children placed in country homes, her husband, a laborer, who must leave her to be cared for daytimes by people in the same tenement house. With difficulty she was brought over and patiently cared for, a chair on wheels, then crutches, finally a cane were provided : for two years, this grateful creature was a part of the home. Hundreds of women were helped to do duty more bravely, as mother, wife and daughter, through Mrs. Seaman's influence and ministry. The overwhelming purpose of her heart, in later years, was to encourage young ladies to study medicine. When the Cleveland College denied to women this opportunity, she felt that upon her rested the task of helping to organize and establish a school especially for women. Mrs. Seaman was the first president and burden-bearer;' about that time she led in the matter of beginning a hospital where women patients AND THEIR WORK - 321 could be privileged to call in other than male physicians. Such a place was located in a rented building in a park, between St. Clair and Lake streets. Her home was always open to the unfortunate, the tempted and tried. Mrs. Seaman's counsel to her children was, " Make the world better for your having lived." She died July, loth, 1869, at the home of her daughter, in Providence, R. I. Finette Scott Seelye, M. D., has always been highly regarded in Cleveland. A farmer's daughter, in straightened circumstances, she earned money by teaching, helped a brother to an education and aided a sister in study. In her girlhood she was highly esteemed in Illinois ; through skill of her own she managed to acquire a medical education in New York ; begun practice in Litchfield, Conn.; came to this city as assistant physician at the Water Cure, and fortunately married Dr. T. T. Seelye. She was the leading spirit among women in her quarter of Cleveland, helped, encouraged all young ladies who struggled with poverty in acquiring an education, especially, medical ; she aided financially any who needed ; established a sewing school, worked in Friendly Inns, was a fine 322 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND housekeeper and good mother, and read a great deal of solid literature ; was fond of the Greek Poets. She was the center of reading and social circles. We have been honored in Cleveland with the sojourn of several medical missionaries, and of dear Mary Andrews, not a physician, who gives her life to the Celestial Empire. Sigourney Trask came here through the influence of Mrs. Moses Hill, who cared for her while attending lectures and afterward secured her the assistant matronship of the Retreat, where she did good work. She spent ten years in Foo Chow, China. Man A. Gault, M. D., went to Japan ; Dr. Madge Dixon Mater to Chefoo, China, in charge of the Presbyterian Hospital ; Alice M. Harris, M. D., to a similar position in Sierra Leone, Africa ; Anna K. Scott, M. D., went to heathen lands under Baptist auspices. Two, at least, have gone from Cleveland Dispensary to Tacoma, Wash. ; one to Portland, Ore. We may delineate a single beloved life, because in its devotion to India, she found a grave at the foot of the Himalayas—Mary Frances, daughter of Dr. T. T. Seelye. She became a member of the Presbyterian Church at the age of four- AND THEIR WORK - 323 teen, went to school in Albany, N. Y., and Cleveland, O. ; graduating at " Maplewood," Pittsfield, Mass., entered society here with zest ; during the Summer of 1867, she read a book entitled " The College, the Market, the Court," by Mrs. Dall ; from this she had serious thought of an earnest life-work. With the approval of her parents, she attended a partial course of lectures at the Woman's Medical. College, founded by Mrs. C. A. Seaman, and determined to finish her course and devote her life to practice. Mary left in 1868 for Philadelphia. During that year a friend gave her to read "Links,” a publication of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. In these was urged the great need of woman physicians in heathen lands, and Miss Seelye decided that to be her field. From this time her studies had that tendency ; her father providing for all expense in preparation. She received a degree in 1870, then went to Boston Woman's Hospital for practice. Meantime the Presbyterian Church gave her urgent call to go to Calcutta as missionary physician, which she joyfully accepted. She never faltered, was always cheerful ; sailed September 6th, 1871, arriving in the East Indies December end ; commenced at 324 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND once to study the language. Overborne by study, work and the climate, she was ordered to a health resort May 17th, 1875 ; died at Mussoorie, June 9th, singing " Jesus is near and very dear." It is sufficient to say that Miss Seelye's life and conduct very convincingly showed to all who knew her how a Christian lady of refined and elegant manners can practice as a physician arming her own sex, and at the same time maintain all true womanly dignity and modesty of character. In her case, the question of sex in relation to the practice of the medical profession was simply lifted above all discussion. No one was ever reminded by her conversation or behavior that she was a physician ; and among even her most intimate friends she scarcely ever referred to matters connected with her profession. She had chosen the work of her life from the purest and worthiest motives, and simply used all her medical knowledge and skill in seeking, with womanly tenderness and sympathy, to lessen the sufferings of her fellow creatures. Miss Seelye never forgot that she was a Christian missionary as well as physician, and she used all opportunities that the exercise of her profession gave for ministering AND THEIR WORK - 325 comfort to the souls as well as the bodies of those whom she visited. Lillian G. Towslee, M. D., (R.) one of our younger physicians, whose specialty is diseases of women and general practitioner, a student of the New York Polyclinic, and at the New York Infirmary for Women, is assistant to the Chair of Gynaecology, Medical Department of the University of Wooster, and Visiting Physician to Hospital for Women and Children. She is, also, a member of the State Committee of Medical Department of Q. I. A., which holds its Congress in the third week of June, 1893, at Chicago, for which she writes a paper on Endometritis. Dr. Towslee is an exception to most physicians among women, as she is fond of surgery and believes sex is no bar to rapid and skillful operation in major as well as minor operations. She performed the first laperatomy ever done at the Hospital for Women and Children by a woman. She entered Oberlin College in 1876 ; graduating from the Conservatory of Music in 1882. Dr. Towslee had the honor of being invited to write an article for the Western Reserve Medical Journal, on " Why Women should Practice Medicine," from which the following are 326 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND taken : " Gynaecological work is woman's especial sphere and in it she is pre-eminently successful. As a rule, woman can be freer with one of her own sex ; not the same restraint. A woman understands the sensitiveness of a woman and appreciates the suffering she endures better than is possible for a man. The latter cannot in all cases equal a thoroughly trained and equipped woman, for she is especially fitted to treat diseases peculiar to the sex. Of her adaptability—" Women are especially adapted to care for the sick. The same qualities that make women good nurses, help to make them good physicians ; even men do not vsaist men nurses ; that field is abandoned to us ; one of the best things that can be said of any physician is, that he is as tender hearted, careful and sympathetic as a woman." Again—" To gain any standing a woman was obliged to compete with the better class of physicians, and thus show her ability to practice medicine. She at first met with great opposition. Men did not want her in the profession and placed every obstacle in her path. She has fought her way step by step and won the day. It was hard to enter a field so thoroughly occupied by men and win a place for her- AND THEIR WORK - 327 self. That she has been able to do this is proof of her ability. We are glad the long waged battle is won and that henceforth professional qualification, and not sex, is to be the test of standing in the medical world. The successful, educated, practical female physician is no longer sui generis." Martha A. Canfield, (H.) Professor in the Homeopathic College, states that in this city are twenty-one practicing physicians here among women, besides all who have retired, or removed from the city, one skillful pharmacist, one dentist. Dr. Towslee gives four Medical Colleges in Cleveland ; three admit women students, a total of forty -five. Three hundred women are acting as nurses ; one-third of these are private attendants ; one hundred in hospitals, fifty in homes ; while the same number are not trained but do good work. In the various hospitals of the city, during one year have been 4,255 patients ; of whom 2,202 are charity, and of this last number two-thirds are women sufferers. The writer asked this physician to express herself upon physical culture, and her reply is : " This justly commands present attention ; we are especially glad that the Public Schools adopt so healthful a branch. The trouble with women 328 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND often is that they do not take enough out-door exercise ; exercise being required to secure proper circulation, nutrition and building up of the tissues, which are the component parts of a healthy body. A teacher of physical culture should be trained in the anatomy of the human body, and to be thorough, ought to be a physician. Capability of giving proper instruction on this line should imply a knowledge of physiology ; the gymnasia of our country recognize this fact and demand that instructors take a medical course." Cleveland has several teachers of this important department of education, among whom are Mrs. Lee Caldwell. now in Europe ; Anna P. Tucker, Rose Evelyn Knestrick, Mrs. F. W. Roberts, and still others. Maternity Home, (H.) Mrs. T. P. Wilson, President, and Mrs. D. H. Beckwith, an active Manager, with ten other ladies, constituting a Board of Control, does excellent work. The only hospital in the city exclusively for women and children was incorporated in 1887, with the signatures of Mrs. Antoinette Muhlhauser, now Treasurer, and fourteen other ladies, with two male physicians. All the managers are women, one-fourth of whom are American born German Hebrews ; the remainder AND THEIR WORK - 329 of different nationalities and sects. Mrs. Darius Cadwell has been President from the beginning. The Association, from its original eighteen members, has now over five hundred. Connected with the institution is a training school for nurses. Mrs. J. S. Wood, the Secretary, has increasing interest in this hospital. 330 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND CHAPTER XXIX. OUR PALLAS ATHENES—MRS. FRANCES D. GAGE—MRS. CAROLINE M. SEVERANCE—THE FIRST MRS. D. R. TILDEN—MRS. H. H. LITTLE - MINERVAS IN COUNCIL —MISS BETSEY M. COWLES—MRS. LOUISA SOUTHWORTH—MRS. S. M. PERKINS—MRS. D. CADWELL. " Valiant, conquering, frightening with the sight of her aegis, whole crowds of heroes who vexed her." THERE have been and still are among us, grand souls that strive for the laboring woman ; to whom the daughter of toil is even more dear than the child of luxury ; who have given years of thought to the amelioration of her condition, achieving at the same time immortality by unflinching bravery in the forefront of battle for a principle. Mrs. Frances Dana Gage is, probably, eldest of these, one not a resident of Cleveland, who at intervals spent considerable time here and some way loved to think this city her headquarters, AND THEIR WORK - 331 and who constantly wrote for our papers. Indeed, no " pent up Utica " contracted her powers ; the whole world seemed hers to live in. She was born in Ohio in 1808, is known as a writer of articles for the young— and very attractive they were, too, —over the signature of " Aunt Fanny." This name was appended to a taking serial in the Ohio Farmer in 1852, entitled "A Housekeeper Abroad." At forty years of age, and ever afterward, she was a distinguished advocate of total abstinence and equal rights, and an opponent of slavery, enduring persecution for her vigorous speech. She gave six stalwart sons to her country during the war of rebellion, and bestowed her own services in care of the sick and wounded of the Union army. She was at one time an editor of note. A Titaness in mind and body, she can never be forgotten in this or any other city in which her influence is or has been exercised. She resided later in Missouri. Forty-five years ago, Mrs. Caroline M. Severance was a prominent literary and philanthropic woman resident in Euclid avenue. In 1848 or 1849, she addressed our Legislature in behalf of the rights of women to hold their own inherited property and earnings, and was listened to with great re- 332 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND spect, living to see the amendments made which she advocated. She also lectured before a popular society here, and although her matter and manner were genuinely refined, she was obliged to bear the opprobrium experienced by most reformers. After a residence in Boston, she removed to California: She thus addresses the New England Woman's Club at a reunion : " The dear old club; I have thanked my God at every remembrance of it in the days of my exile, even in the wonderland of California. For here we have known that contact of heart with hearts made wise by the experience of womanhood. that tender charity for all honest endeavor, that sympathy of aim which forms true fellowship, and supplementing the sweet home affections make life worth living. " Here, too, we have had the comedy of our committee work—the memorable dress committee, for instance, on which some of us have served. And the wit which never wounds of our club teas, and poetical picnics—shall we ever grow too old to remember and be merry over them ? The dear old club !" The following, written by Kate S. Woods, was read at the same reception: AND THEIR WORK - 333 "Commerce may bring us wonders, And the islands of the sea Send us their spicy treasures, Or mines, their ores set free ; But better far than spices, Or gold, or gems you send, Oh, Southern California, That gem of gems—a friend." Mrs. Daniel R. Tilden was eminent among Cleveland woman and one of the social and intellectual forces of her time. Possessing deep sympathy, elegant manner, fine taste and peculiarly sensitive touch, she was of the temperament and presence to draw closely to herself those about her ; in truth a magnetic current seemed to flow through the atmosphere which she created. Mrs. Tilden entered fully into the lives and souls of women and held advanced views in reference to their enfranchisement in a day when it was not popular to do so. Her home was her realm, and the avant couriers of the " woman's kingdom " came to burnish their armour in the charmed circle of which she was the center. Lucretia Mott was her guest. Mary A. Livermore held her first drawing room reception at Mrs. Tilden's. This was because the hostess was impelled to do all 334 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND possible for the opening of untried avenues for women's effort to earn an honest livelihood. She saw their struggle with needle and yard-stick, then almost the only implement in feminine hands ; she longed for our elevation by development of heart, brain and muscle. To dignify labor in its higher and lower grades was her aim. She was an inspiration to young girls to be more than nonentities or playthings. By helpfulness in all directions, she caused many to become teachers, artists, musicians. Mrs. Tilden loved her work for its own sake. No shadow of desire for show or no toriety marred her motives. Her personality was lost in the grandeur of her cause—hence hers was a silent, permeating force. Ample in mental endowment, she loved literature and art ; was a connoisseur in the latter, and gave to it much time and attention. The cultivation of the beautiful in all forms was to her a pastime. She read appreciatively Jean Paul Richter and other German authors, and her letters to her daughters and friends were rich in thought and feeling. Mrs. Tilden was born September 17th, 1812, at Concord, New Hampshire ; coming of that rare Scotch ancestry who went to the North of Ireland. AND THEIR WORK - 335 She married Judge Tilden in 1840, and died March 7th, 1872. Free in spirit as the hills whence her fathers came, and as those hills which they sought in New England, she was anti-slavery to the heart's core, and her great soul anticipated the day when chains should fall from American serfs. William Lloyd Garrison and other advocates were welcome guests at this center of hospitality, and during the war of the rebellion she was present at the last gathering of her peers in- Boston. The friend of the common people, they loved her, and after death, poor women, among whom she had been a ministering spirit, came, hringing rheiur little ones to look upon the dear face. - If so beloved by the populace, what was she to her children ? To them she was a constant stimulus ; more than that, she was part of their being. Her, daughters, known to the writer from childhood, will pardon me, surely, for this reference. Two of them have traveled or resided for years in Europe or South America. Rose Tilden, sweet as the name she bears, unexcelled in breadth of culture, is perfectly at home in French language and literature. Gam betta's speeches before the Senate, in the Palais de Luxembourg, and the lectures of Henri Martin 336 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND Guizot, Jr., and Renan, in the Cours de Sorbonne, are to her equally familiar with those of American statesmen, at Washington, or our own scientists and philosophers on Cleveland platforms. Mrs. H. H. Little was another leader among women, exerting a wide social influence in favor of the advancement in every particular of woman's cause. Her death is said to have occurred in 1875. She had started for a pleasure tour of the upper lakes ; on reaching Detroit was stricken with deadly illness. After being conveyed home, she was insensible for a short time and passed away, leaving a vacancy not easily filled in a circle of earnest, workful people. The first of the gatherings of women for the discussion of equal rights was held at Seneca Falls, N. Y., in 1848, in pursuance of a call issued by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton ; the former presided over the convention. The next of which we can find trace was held, probably in 185o, at Salem, Ohio ; its presiding officer being Miss Betsey M. Cowles, a lady of much ability, and on whose account a momentary digression may be pardoned. She possessed the rare faculty of molding character, impressing her views and teachings AND THEIR WORK - 337 very strongly upon young girls. Judging from the amount of good work accomplished by one of my friends in this city, who came at a very early age under Miss Cowles' tuition, we should say 'twere pity, indeed, that more ladies had not been subjected during their teens to the educating influence of this grand woman. No printed record of any other convention of women is observed until 1852. Mrs. C. M. Severance, in a letter to good Thomas Brown's paper, the Ohio Farmer, describes a gathering of much interest in Mt. Gilead, Ohio, in October of that year, after the handing to the Boston City Treasurer of a protest against paying her taxes, by Dr. Harriet Hunt, a distinguished lady of international reputation as an advocate of equal rights. This protest containing a very forcible argument, was printed in the leading newspapers of the United States. Mrs. Severance writes that at this convention were present, among others, Mrs. E. Oakes Smith, Mrs. Nichols, of Vermont, Pauline M. Davis,. Ernestine L. Rose, Lucretia Mott, Antoinette L.. Brown, Lucy Stone, all earnest, cultivated women, the two latter, graduates of Oberlin College. Greetings and a highly appreciative letter were 338 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND read from Mrs. D. R. Tilden, of Cleveland. Mrs. Frances D. Gage, the presiding officer, delivered a powerful address upon the " Legal and Political Disabilities of Women." Mrs. Severance further states that at this time but three professors' chairs in this country were occupied by women, and also, that the resolutions in regard to the opening of colleges, avocations, and professions to our sex provoked spirited discussions from a lawyer or two, and a physician present ; furthermore, that these gentlemen were completely worsted by the effective rejoinders of Mrs. Gage. Later on in the meeting the subject of compensation of woman's labor being presented, as if to shame his legal brethren, L. A. Hine, Esq., recited with dramatic force, Hood's " Song of the Shirt." The large audience wept as he pictured the slender creature " sewing at once with a double thread a shroud as well as a shirt." It was an eloquent finale to the meeting. Other hearts-of-oak there are among us who, through the chillness of unpopular favor, have stood for this principle. Foremost among these is Mrs. Louisa Southworth (nee Stark), who 'was born in Canajoharie, Montgomery County, N. AND THEIR WORK - 339 Y., March end, 1831 ; educated at Whitesboro, Miss Stark came to Cleveland in 1853, to look up business interests connected with inheritance from the Champion estate, and a romantic incident attaching to the visit, led to her marriage with Mr. W. P. Southworth, December 20th, 1855, who at that time being her senior by twelve years, was a respected and successful builder, owning a stone-yard. During her early years as wife and matron she was thoroughly domestic, but always public spirited ; a faithful worker during the Northern Ohio Sanitary Commission, being the chairman of the committee on bandages. Upon the impairment of eyesight, obliged to abandon the more feminine occupations, she took in remarkable degree to reading through the eyes of others. She became interested in the suffrage question from seeing how a friend of hers, Mrs. Monroe, was likely to stand in the law after becoming a widow and losing her only child, Keokuk, seventeen and one-half years of age, too young to make the mother her legal heir. To Ohio's praise, be it said, that she was one of the first States in the Union to change the Statute, making a childless widow, her husband's heir ; so thoroughly aroused 340 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND was she upon this advanced question that she has come to believe that woman should be man's equal. Mrs. Southworth is philanthropic, doing much for the uplifting of humanity ; is a patron of art and literature, writes for the press upon burning questions concerning women. It is thought that her articles in local journals, after Adelbert College closed its doors to girls, had much to do with opening Western Reserve University to the higher education of young ladies. Three years ago, Miss Mary Garrett, of Balti, more, Md., formed committees throughout the country to raise a fund to secure the opening of the Johns Hopkins Medical School to women. For this city, Mrs. Louisa Southworth was chosen chairman by Miss Garrett. On examination of the documents sent her, Mrs. S. found that the use of the proposed fund was to be entirely at the discretion of the trustees, and declined to serve, unless there were some guarantee that women should never be excluded from equal privileges. Miss Garrett had already given largely, but seeing the force of this suggestion she added another $100,000, with the express condition that it should revert to her or her heirs if women were ever ex- AND THEIR WORK - 341 cluded from equal privileges. Mrs. Southworth's great work now is the Ohio Enrollment, the object of the canvass being to secure autographs of all adult persons favoring equal suffrage. Twenty-five thousand such names have been secured up to January 1st, 1893—these have been registered in type-writing, classified according to Congressional districts, counties and towns, upon separate sheets held together by a brass binder which permits of their re-arrangement at any time ; this plan of Mrs. Southworth's for Ohio is recommended by the twenty-fifth annual convention of tiic N. S. A. for adoption throughout the country. Permit the writer to add that these type-written books are presented annually to the State Legislature and to Congress, as indicating the trend of public sentiment, with the new signatures constantly received. Mrs. Southworth's daughters are among the city's young ladies who live not to themselves. Mr. W. P. Southworth in his lifetime instituted reforms in commercial transactions ; the one price and cash systems being introduced by him ; i. e., the same profit on all goods. The accident of taking a stock of groceries as payment of a debt 342 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND turned the tide of his pursuits. The first paving of Euclid avenue and the construction of the oldest Columbus street bridge were accomplished under his direction. Both Mr. and Mrs. Southworth are enrolled among the city's benefactors ; that is sufficient praise ; no fulsome words are necessary in the record of their lives. Mrs. Mary S. Eraser, a lawyer, works constantly to forward the day when women shall have the franchise. Mrs. Sarah M. Perkins, a woman of ability and perseverance, is another valiant. She is State Superintendent of infirmary work for the W. C. T. U., and as a visitor to the shut-in-ones in these institutions, sees many evils that ought to be remedied, and has the moral courage to bring these things to the notice of State officials. She believes that women should have more power to protect their homes from intemperance and other vices, and hence ought to have the ballot. She was born near Cooperstown, N. Y., educated in the public schools, and commenced teaching at eighteen ; taught in Western Massachusetts two years, and attended the Winter school at the old Academy in Adams. In 1847, she was AND THEIR WORK - 343 married to Rev. Orren Perkins and resided many years in New England. Then, for some time Mr. and Mrs. Perkins had charge of the large seminary in Cooperstown, N. Y. She has lived in Cleveland twelve years, and has been successful as a lecturer and also as an editor. She publishes the True Republic, a paper that is growing in favor with the people, and has become a financial success. Mrs. Perkins has written seven books for young people. Mrs. D. Cadwell, of intellectual force, is a veteran in these ranks. Staunch, fearless, independent ; kind to the unfortunate, abounding in practical philanthropy, being of New England descent, her father having left Saybrook, Conn., at sixteen years of age, purchasing a heavily timbered farm in an Ohio wilderness, known now as the Western Reserve. Her mother's ancestor was a soldier of the revolution, a kin to the famous Montgomery, who fell at Quebec. She is one of a large family of healthy, happy children, brought up in the simple ways of country living, where little girls wore pink sun-bonnets to church. Alas ! now-a-days, she cannot tell her own hat from others, a la mode. Having the independence of her forefathers, she contends for this maxim, "No taxation without representa- 344 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND tion; " for years she has been a tax payer. She is one of the active workers of the Cleveland Hospital for Women and Children, and President of its Board of Managers. She is one of those greathearted women who carry huge baskets of supplies to the unfortunate. Mrs. Cadwell has many warm friends among our citizens ; among German Jewesses she is greatly beloved. These brave women are not a lonely minority ; the present great uprisL ing indicates the march of progress on every line for the elevation of the Anglo-Saxon, and through them the people of all lands. AND THEIR WORK - 345 CHAPTER XXX A SUCCESSFUL WOMAN OF CLEVELAND-MRS. MARY S. CARY-MRS. CORNELIA LOSSING TILDEN -MRS. C. T. DOAN-INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS-MISS NELLIE M. HORTON-OUT-DOOR INDUSTRIES-ELLA GRANT WILSON. MANY ladies delineated in this book are business women, at least, might he, if circumstances require. It is our purpose to present here a representative woman of Cleveland who has become by her own tact and ability a financial success, Mrs. Mary S. Cary, daughter of Mr. J. G. Stockly, and his wife, Cleotrine Duchatel. Her father was a pioneer in the shipping and coal interests of Northern Ohio ; of an old Virginia family, and her mother from near Montreal. Her grandfather was captain of an East Indiaman, sailing from Philadelphia, being among the first to unfurl the American flag in the harbor of Canton. Her grandmother, Mary Stockly, was 346 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND one of the remarkable women of her time. As a school girl, Mary Stockly, the younger, was quick to learn, sprightly, affable and greatly beloved. Her marriage to John E. Cary, a rising young lawyer, occurred September 1,1852, in this, her native city. Mr. Cary died in 1874, leaving her with three daughters and two sons. From this time she developed practical business traits. In 1875, she increased five-fold her husband's original investment in the Telegraph Supply Co., then, soon after, united with a rival company and in 1876, supplied largely the capital required for the Brush electric light system, and with her brother, Geo. W. Stockly, Esq., was the means of its re-organization ; herself becoming director from 1875-89. Her wealth is wisely used ; public-spirited and generous, she has pride in her city ; one of the founders of its School of Art, permeating Cleveland culture with the warm atmosphere of geniality and power of giving enjoyment to others. Inheriting from her grandfather a love for the sea and foreign countries, she resides with her children much of the time in European capitals, having twice made the circuit of the globe. Being an especial admirer of Japan and AND THEIR WORK - 347 its people, her address not long since upon the " Houses and Homes of the Japanese," before the Cleveland Sorosis, was a revelation to its auditors. Her own home in boudoir, library and drawing room is a picture of Oriental magnificence. There is a Tabero with the crest of the Tokugawa dynasty, a muirimono of the same period, vases of bronze and in sang du boeuf and blue Nankin, plaques of Hibachi, Satsuma, Kutini, Kyoto, Banquo, Nibeshimi and Hiroto ware in many forms. One sees there a suit of knight's armor with numerous spears and swords of those famous two-sworded warriors, Chinese ear-rings from Ning-po, Daimios toilet sets, teakwood cabinets, a cloisonnier from Peking, and from India carved sandal-wood ; ivory and Cashmere enamel. On every hand are beautiful embroideries illustrating legendary and mythological lore, as well as Kimonos, Obis, Fukea and Kakimono. The unselfish nature of the hostess makes her residence the delight of friends. Mrs. Cornelia Lossing Tilden is a lady of splendid accomplishments and at the same time endowed with business qualities. Her attire quaint, harmonious and elegant, bespeaks her Quaker 348 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND origin. In Judge Tilden's life-time, their home was exquisite in furnishing and arrangement. She is well-known in art and literary circles ; ever ready to encourage woman's advance. Familiar with European countries, she resides at present in Spain. MRS. C. T. DOAN.—The lady whom we cheerfully include among our successful women is said to be the first piano merchant in America. Her methods are conscientious and her career among us honorable in marked degree, a brief narrative of which may afford a not unpleasing variety to this book full of Cleveland women. Mrs. C. T Pease, while on a visit to her brother in Cleveland, in 1871, decided to remove here and go into the piano business. She returned to New York to find the company where her funds were invested had failed, receiving only a small per cent. She then took charge of a store at 613 Broadway, New York, at $125 per month, until she had saved enough to pay her own and two children's expenses for six months, and buy one piano ; meeting with opposition, as her friends said, " no woman had ever gone independently into the business, and in the quiet manner in which she proposed to AND THEIR WORK - 349 carry it on, she could never succeed." Physical weakness also supervened and for five years she was able to give very little attention to the pursuit. She commenced, however, in 1872, purchasing outright from the manufacturers in New York and Boston, instead of on consignment, or commission, and with no assistance; depending entirely upon her own quiet method and exertions. The business grew to many thousands per year. She was enabled to finish her daughter's education and assist her son through Yale College. In 1879, she married Mr. E. W. Doan, and though never strong has attended to household and social duties in a remarkable manner, managing a general agency for two New York piano firms, besides her own business here. All this does not seem to interfere with her benevolent and church duties, her great love for children and the temperance cause. She sells and ships pianos as far west as Olympia, Wash., San Francisco, to the Eastern States and to prominent people in Washington, D. C. Her home on Eticlid avenue is delightful. Fond of flowers and skilled in housewifery, few excel her in every-day living, Miss Nellie M. Horton, Business Manager and 350 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND Assistant Secretary in a profitable branch of the Beeman Cherhical Co., is in the front rank of business women, enjoying a large income from opportune suggestion. By the way, she states that she prefers employing lady stenographers, they " are more reliable, willing and obliging ; " also, " We have a young lady traveling for us selling goods she visits the wholesale trade ; her salary is $75 per month and expenses, which include bills at the best hotels, laundry, bath. Unlike men, there are no charges for incidentals in her expense reports." The city is full of able, self-sustaining women; among stenographers we may mention, Ella Tilden. Mrs. S. Louise Patteson ; the latter is one of the Woman's Advisory Council of the World's Congress of her profession. The latest statistics give twelve thousand three hundred women wage-workers employed in Cleveland in twenty-five different industries. This pen would reach each one of these, if possible, with congratulation for ability to earn her own living, wishing her God-speed in glorious endeavor. There are now two hundred and twenty-seven occupations open to woman, as against seven at the beginning of the century. The distaff and the AND THEIR WORK - 351 spindle were once distinguishing implements of the lady of the house ; later, needle and wash-board necessarily became the means of livelihood to thousands. Now the gateway to competence opens widely. Shall we enter ? Women as printers are exceedingly careful, delicate and accurate ; type-writing, telegraphy, telephony come naturally to her. Our Schools of Design are at the front in all great cities ; fitting us to produce patterns in fabrics, or metals, in woodcarving and repousse, and decoration in n senre 4 fashions. The Philadelphia School furnishes looms, warp and filling for weaving carpets after the girl's own choice of model. We cannot linger, though, greatly would we enjoy it. Out-door industries beckon us to life on a grand scale, to health of body and soul ; bee-culture, care of domestic animals and poultry. Middie Morgan, the celebrated stock reporter, is an instance, how thoroughly a woman 'nay become conversant with horses. Tree-planting, floriculture, fruit raising, or even gleaning in the harvest field, with Ruth, all invite us to " lend a hand." Having heard much of the chrysanthemum and rose shows of the Jennings avenue conservatories, 352 - WOMEN OF CLEVELAND I went over and found not only the elegant varieties that Japanese and Chinese are able to evolve from the chrysanthemum, but in a separate visit went to Ella Grant Wilson's propagating beds where were growing two hundred species of this marvelous genus. Two young ladies were cleaning up tubers, placing offsets by themselves and otherwise preparing for luxurious Spring growth. Mrs. Wilson has become celebrated ; her carpet beds in our cemeteries and on some of our lawns are a triumph of floral art. Her decoration of the Garfield arch would of itself have rendered her famous. She was a little West Side girl growing geraniums in her mother's kitchen windows. We leave this fascinating subject of woman's work. The early days of the nineteenth century were full of splendid achievement. Dinah Maria Muloch wrote of the Woman's Kingdom ; what she and other workers labored to usher in, we who are privileged to write and to work now, see this kingdom established, AU FIN DU SIECLE.