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GERMAN TOWNSHIP

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LOYD BROWN, farmer ; P. 0. German. The subject of this sketch is one of the prominent farmers of German Township ; was born in Baltimore Co., Md., in 1807 ; he is the son of Nicholas Brown, who was also a native of Maryland. Our subject was raised on a farm, and early acquired the art of farming which he has successfully practiced all his life. His minority was spent at home assisting in the duties of the farm, after which time he set out on his own responsibilities. For a time, he fanned the homestead on shares. He was united in marriage, in Maryland, to Miss Rachel Miller, who was also born in Baltimore Co. They emigrated to Ohio soon after their marriage and located first in Harrison Township ; after remaining here about three years, he came to the place where he now resides and where he has ever since lived. By dint of hard labor and habits of industry and economy, he has put himself in the possession of several fine, well-improved farms. Mr. and Mrs. Brown are the parents of eight children. all of whom grew up to mature years ; since then, death has visited four of them. The others are located on farms near the homestead.

G. N. CALDERWOOD, physician ; P. 0. German ; the subject of this memoir was born in Butler Township, in September, 1849 ; he is the son of J. R. and Jamima (Otwell) Calderwood ; his father was born in Montgomery County, Nov. 6, 1821, and came to this county when quite young ; he is one of the prominent citizens of the county, and a millwright and carpenter by occupation ; his wife is a native of North Carolina, born near Goldsboro the 13th of April, 1825. Our subject was raised on a farm, assisting in its duties during the summer, and devoting his winter months to the acquisition of knowledge in the common schools, till he was 18 years of age, at which time he entered the union school at Greenville ; at this latter place he spent one year, and subsequently entered the profession of teaching ; this he followed successfully for a few years, employing his leisure time in reading medicine, which he continued till the winter of 1872, when he attended lectures at the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati. He first began practice in Adams County, Ind. ; at the end of about six months he located in Bradford, Ohio, where he remained in practice about eighteen months ; his health being much impaired at the end of this time, he retired from active work for a period of six months. April 12, 1875, he formed a partnership with Dr. Jobes, of Palestine, which continued about seven months, when Dr. Jobes was elected to the office of Probate Judge of this county ; after the partnership was dissolved, he continued the practice here in his own name ; he has, by careful attention to his professional.

know.' duties, built up a large and increasing practice, and is one of the promising young" physicians of the county. He was united in marriage Aug. 5, 1872, with Miss Isabella Reed, at the residence of Rev. McConnell, of Greenville ; she is a native of Versailles, Darke County, where her father has been engaged in the dry goods and grain business for about half a century. Mr. and Mrs. Calderwood are the parents of three children—Rhoda, Jimie (who died when eight months old) and Carl.

GORDEN CLOYD, farmer ; P. 0. German. The subject of this memoir is a native of this minty, born in German Township in 1822 ; he is the son of the pioneer James Cloyd, who was perhaps the first permanent settler in the township. He was born in Virginia in 1780 ; when but a mere lad he emigrated to Ohio, at the breaking-out of the war of 1812, and he gave his services in the defense of his country ; he was stationed a portion of the time at Fort Greenville. He was at this latter place when the children of William Wilson were murdered within sight of the block-house, and was one who assisted in their burial. At the close of the war, he remained in the county, and married Miss Elizabeth Norftsinger, the

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daughter of Andrew Norftsinger, one of the first settlers in the county, who came to the county previous to the war of 1812, and erected a block-house in Neave Township, and remained there during the war. He was a " man of the chase," and delighted in hunting. James Cloyd was a member of the first grand jury that ever met in the county ; after his marriage, he first settled on the prairie southeast of the present town of Palestine ; from there he located on land now owned by David Wilcox ; he remained here about sixteen years, in which time he prepared much of the farm for agricultural uses, which was all in the woods when he entered it ; he then disposed of this farm with the intention of emigrating to Illinois, but after visiting this latter place he returned satisfied to spend the remnant of his days in German Township ; he then entered a quarter section just west of Palestine, on which he erected a house and passed the remainder of his life. He died May 26, 1872, at the ripe old age of 81 years 10 months and 11 days ; thus passed away a pioneer and a soldier, lamented by all who knew him ; he had a sympathetic heart and a charitable spirit, and many a needy neighbor was made glad by his charities. His wife survived him only a few years, her death occurring June 17, 1875, at the age. of 76 years 3 months and 6 days. They were the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters, four of whom are still living. Our subject's early life was devoted to such labor as the frontiersman was accustomed to do ; he availed himself of what educational opportunities then offered, often going a distance of two miles through swamp and thickets to school. At the age of 20, he went to Preble County and engaged as a laborer on a farm ; he remained here five years, and then located on the place where he now resides. He was married in 1846 to Miss Julia A. Woodmansee, a native of Butler County; her father was an early settler and prominent citizen of the township, having frequently had the offices of Trustee and Justice of the Peace conferred upon him. Mr. and Mrs. Cloyd are the parents of four children-Edward, Elmira, Flora B. and Sampson. They are members of the M. E. Church, and are leading exemplary lives.

JAMES N. EAKINS, farmer ; P. O. German. The subject of this memoir is a descendant of one of the early pioneer families of the Township. He was born in the township Aug. 15, 1855, and is the son of George Eakins, and grandson of the pioneer Benjamin Eakins. Benjamin Eakins -came to this township immediately after the close of the war of 1812 and located on the land where our subject now resides. His first house still stands a monument of early days. He passed through with all of the privations and hardships incident to frontier life, sharing its trials and triumphs, and died at a ripe old age honored by all who knew him. Our subject was early left. an orphan by the death of his parents, and was then taken and raised by his uncle, Wash Brown. He is now engaged in farming which has always been his occupation, and is one of the promising young men of the county. Dec. 31, 1876, he celebrated his marriage with Miss Thomas, who was born and raised in New Madison. She is also a descendant of early pioneers of Harrison Township. Mr. and Mrs. Eakins were the parents of two children, one of whom has been taken from them by the messenger of death.

SOLOMON FRANK, retired farmer ; P. 0. German, Ohio. This gentleman was born near Wheeling, W. Va., April 12, 1817, and is the son of Stephen Frank, a native of New York State ; when quite small, he emigrated to Montgomery Co., Ohio. with his parents ; his father deceased when he was a small boy, thus leaving him without the comforts or benign influences of a parental home ; this misfortune early threw him upon his own resources ; he engaged at the occupation of farming, hiring out, until he was 18 ; at this age, he began the coopering business, which occupation he followed for upward of twenty years. In 1840, he came to this township and located in the town of Palestine, where he pursued his usual vocation. He has been married twice ; his marriage with Miss Acca Parent was celebrated Dec. 15, 1842 ; her parents were early settlers of this township, and their biographies occur under the sketch of I. D. Parent. Mr. Frank and family,

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together with a large circle of acquaintances, were called upon to mourn her death, which occurred March 29. 1861 ; she was for many years identified with the cause of religion, being first a member of the M. E. Church, and, at her death, of the U. B. Church ; her life was an exemplary one, and her death a loss which the church and community both felt. Mr. Frank was united in marriage the second time, Feb. 16, 1862, with Mrs. Sarah A. (Crisler) Leas ; she is a native of Preble Co., Ohio. Six children were born to the first union, one of whom •deceased when quite small ; the rest are all living ; one child was the fruit of the last union, which died in infancy. Mr. Frank has devoted his latter years to farming and superintending his farm. Mr. and Mrs. F. are both active members of the U. B: Church of Pleasant Grove, and are leading exemplary lives.

REUBEN GOENS, farmer ; P. 0. German ; was born in South Carolina Sept. 1, 1830, and is one of the early settlers of this section of the country ; his father, Henry G., was born in North Carolina and emigrated to Ohio with his family in 1833, locating in German Township, near Palestine ; he is the father of nine children, and has been married three times ; he is still living, at the age of 72 years, hale and hearty. Our subject lived with his parents till he was 8 or 9 years of age. when he went to live with Benj. Stanton, a Quaker, of Newport. Ind., now known as Fountain City ; with this man and in this vicinity he spent his boyhood days. While here he became an enthusiastic co-worker with the Friends— who were as a class severely opposed to the system of slavery—in assisting fugitive slaves to escape into Canada ; he entered heartily and earnestly into the work while yet a boy, and many slaves owed their freedom to his assistance. The Friends had formed a secret society, the object of which was to aid the refugees to escape. They established a " Court of Inquiry " to avoid being deceived by impostors, their purpose being to assist only those who were fleeing from bondage. In this court, our subject often sat and listened to the sad tales of the fugitives, till he formed an intense hatred against the " cursed institution of slavery," and determined to render, with any and all sacrifices, whatever assistance he could to the " runaways." As they would find their way to Newport, he would drive them over to what was known as the " Greenville Settlement," making the trip after night to avoid detection ; from this latter place, they were helped into Canada. After he had grown up to majority, he had a strong desire to visit Canada, and see how those whom he had aided in their " flight for freedom " were prospering under their new surroundings. To this place he found his way, and here met many whom he had helped in their escape. He remained here for a year or more and then returned home. In the mean time, he was engaged on the lakes as a laborer on a boat, and also on the Canada Southern R. R. At this time, there were no educational opportunities provided the colored race in Indiana. Recognizing the necessity of educating the slaves who. found their way here, the Friends, assisted by other charitable persons, erected a Manual Labor Institute in Randolph Co., Ind., just across the line from the Greenville settlement. Into this enterprise our subject entered with enthusiasm and assisted in clearing the ground and erecting the building, and has since rendered what aid he could to the institution. Prof. Tucker was employed as teacher for about twenty years. during which time the school prospered greatly, and the good which has flowed from it to the colored race can never be estimated. Those have been educated here who him since occupied seats in Congress, and hundreds are scattered over the South and elsewhere to-day, giving to others the knowledge which they acquired at this institution. Mr. Goens is now filling the position of Trustee for this university, which is still accomplishing much good. Mr. G. has been married twice ; his first marriage was with Miss Mary Clemens, who deceased in 1852 ; she was the granddaughter of James Clemens, the first settler in this part of the county ; his second marriage was consummated with Miss Emily A. Smith, also a granddaughter of James Clemens ; Mr. G. has since been chiefly engaged in farming, though he has dealt to some extent

in stock. In 1864, he gave his services for the defense of his country,

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being placed in the 45th Penn. V. I. ; they were located at Washington City near Gen. Lee's farm till April 15, 1865, when they were ordered to the front ; he participated in the battles around Petersburg and Richmond, and was present at Lee's surrender ; they were then sent. into Texas, where they remained till they were honorably discharged, the last of September, 1865, at Brownsville, Tex. ; he then returned home by way of the Gulf and Mississippi River to Cairo, Ill., and from there by railroad. Mr. and Mrs. Goens are the parents of five children, two of whom are dead ; the living are Robert C.. Rufus W. C. and Russell V. Mr. G. may be regarded as one of the self-made men of this township ; beginning with no capital, he has struggled up with the assistance of his wife against misfortune and adversity to take a place among the thrifty and enterprising farmers of the township.

H. L. HILL, retired farmer ; P. 0. German. Mr. Hill is one of the few remaining pioneers of this county ; he was born in York District, South Carolina. the 1st of February. 1815 ; is of Irish descent ; he is the son of William E. Hill, whose father. William Hill, came from Ireland. William E. was born in Frankstown, Washington Co., Md.. April 9, 1772 ; though of Irish birth, the first language he lisped was German, that being the prevailing language of his native town ; his parents moved to South Carolina when he was quite a small lad ; his father was one of the patriots during the great struggle for American freedom, and took an active part in it ; near the close of the war, when the British and Tories held possession of South Carolina, and were visiting the patriots with merciless severity and cruelty, murdering hundreds in cold blood, they called at the house of Mr. Hill, thinking to find and dispatch him as they had many other brave men, but Mr. Hill was at his post of duty repelling the bloodthirsty murderers, and they failed to find him ; not being able to ascertain his whereabouts from Mrs. Hill, equally patriotic, and his daughter, they attempted to extort the desired information from William E., then a lad of about nine summers, by hanging him ; this they did several times, punishing him most severely, but to no avail ; thus failing in their purpose, they proceeded to plunder the house, taking out the feather beds and scattering the feathers to the winds. William E. Hill's boyhood was spent upon a farm. but quite early in life he turned his attention to the carpenter's trade, to the construction of cotton gins and cotton screws chiefly ; being raised in a Slave State. his early training was such as to lead him to look favorably on this system of servitude. but his nature never could endure to see the slaves cruelly used ; at one pe- riod in his life, he was called near Charleston to erect a cotton gin for Rambert, one of the largest slaveholders in the country ; every evening those slaves who failed to perform the daily task imposed upon them by their cruel master, were taken to the whipping-post and unmercifully whipped ; their agonies from this could be heard all night through, and Mr. Hill gave it as one of the most painful periods of his. life. although he was allowed the comforts and luxuries of the splendid Rambert mansion. In order to obtain a place among the higher class of society, Mr. Hill was obliged to purchase some slaves and become a slaveholder ; this purchase proved a financial disaster to him, which misfortune led him to seek a more congenial clime. and in the fall of 1817 he emigrated to Ohio, locating on a school section about three miles west of the present town of New Madison. Here he purchased a lease for $1, with about seven acres cleared on it ; here, on this piece of land. he and his devoted wife spent the remnant of their days, and now their bodies. lie interred on the same soil. He .combined with fanning the occupation of cooper and loom manufacturer, and his looms are yet to be found over this county, relics of pioneer life. Although not much given to the " chase," he had one which: ended in a remarkable fruition. In company with two of his neighbors, John Downing and Thomas Mecum, one winter morning, when the ground was covered to an unusual depth with snow, over which a strong crust had formed, he spied seven deer, and gave chase with dogs ; the snow so impeded the progress of the deer that they all soon fell victims to the eager dogs. Mr. Hill was married to Miss Sarah Farris in South Carolina. who was born in County Antrim, Ireland,

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on the 8th day of March, 1780 ; she emigrated to America when only 12 years old, with her parents, settling on Fishing Creek, York District, South Carolina. Twelve children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hill, and all grew up to years of maturity but three, who died in their infancy. Mr. Hill deceased in April, 1848, his death of two more of the early pioneers of this county. During their lives, they were successively members of three religious denominations, viz., Presbyterian, United Brethren and Universalist. Our subject was only 2 years old when he wife surviving him till June, 1855, when her death occurred. Thus we record the came to this county ; his early life was not much different from most of the pioneer boys ; the log cabin constituted his home and the wilderness his surroundings ; poverty was the most constant companion of his youth; and frequently has he been tucked under the bed while his only shirt was receiving a vigorous application of soap and water. The first teakettle used in the family was purchased for $3, and his mother spun flax and tow, at 12 1/2 cents per dozen cuts, to pay for it. The domestic wear of his sisters consisted of home-made goods, made of cotton filling and flax chain, the cotton being carded and spun by hand ; these goods, colored in various hues, constituted their Sunday costume. The first calico dresses introduced into the neighborhood, by a family from Kentucky, were objects of no little interest to the community, and the family that had the audacity to make such a display of finery as this ran no little risk of being ordered to leave the county or don the home-made goods ; it was looked upon as a dangerous custom, not to be allowed with impunity ; this feeling, however, soon wore off, and the fair daughters of the forests were allowed to indulge in the luxuries of a calico dress ; 'the first dress of this make introduced into the family of our subject was purchased of Shadwick & Co., of New Paris, at 25 cents per yard, and paid for in home-made goods at the same price ; this served as a passport into the higher class of society. Financial circumstances did not improve materially till Mr. H. grew up to manhood and was able to perform considerable manual labor. At the age of 21, by agreement previously entered into, his father deeded to him 80 acres of land, one-half swamp and one-half timber ; this was his first earthly possession. About this period, March 16, 1837, he celebrated his marriage with Miss Elizabeth Kunkle, who was born in 1815, in Bedford Co., Penn., and came to this county with her parents when only 3 years of age, locating in Harrison Township ; her mother is still living, at the ripe old age of 86, in the possession in a remarkable degree of all her faculties. After the marriage of Mr. H.. he moved to his land, then all in the wild state ; hard work and perseverance were demanded of them both to meet the exigencies of their surroundings ; these were heartily furnished. Mrs. H. performing her part at the spinning-wheel and loom, in addition to the usual domestic duties ; after they had been struggling against poverty and its concomitants for some time, Mrs. Hill's mother bequeathed them $250, the savings of her own small earnings, $218 of which were in silver half-dollars ; with this Mr. Hill started for Fort Wayne, Ind., on foot, a distance of ninety miles, to enter land, and succeeded in entering 148 acres in Allen County ; at the end of seventeen years, he disposed of his first farm and purchased 160 acres in German Township, Sec. 27, where he has since lived ; he subsequently added to this by the purchase of 268 acres ; in 1870, his estimated worth was $20,000, the accumulation of his own exertions, assisted by his wife. At this period of his prosperity a great financial calamity befell him, which was doubly severe because of the manner and source from which it came, it being security and forged notes to the amount of $12,000 ; for him and his devoted companion to have the fruits of their lives' toils and sacrifices thus unlawfully snatched from them was a bereavement most keenly felt, and on his family it fell with equal weight. Mr. and Mrs. H. are the parents of nine children, six sons and three daughters, and are the grandparents of twenty- one children ; one son, the youngest and oldest daughters, and five grandchildren have died. Mr. and Mrs. Hill are members of the Universalist Church at Palestine.

BALSER HORN, farmer ; P. 0. Hollandsburg. Mr. Horn was born in

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Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, April 2, 1811 ; he attended school till he was 14, when he served an apprenticeship of two years at the cooper trade and one year at brewing : he then traveled till he was 20, at which time he was called in for service in the Hessian army ; by contributing to a general fund which was kept for the purpose of hiring substitutes. the sum of 95 guilders—nearly $40—he was released from further obligations to the army. On the 4th of April, 1832 he embarked on a sail vessel at Bremenhaven for America, and was landed at Baltimore. Md. on the 4th of June. being 60 days on the voyage ; he soon found his way to Penn., where he engaged in teaming for a time ; he came to Ohio Oct. 25, 1833, and located in Fairfield County, where he at once began coopering ; he was married hit 23, 1836, to Miss Nancy Kanner, a native of Maryland. She came to this State in 1825. her parents preceding her about one year. Soon after the marriage of Mr. H. he began the occupation of farming, which he has ever since followed with eminent success ; he disposed of the farm which he possessed in Fairfield County, and came to this county Aug. 30, 1849, locating in Sec. 30, on 123 acres which he purchased ; since then by industry and economy he has added to this till now he has a farm of 273 acres ; on this he has erected one of the finest brick residences in the Township, and has put the farm under the best modern improvements ; he is one of the self-made men of this country. When he landed at Baltimore, he had in his pocket only 37 cents, all his earthly possessions. Though he landed with an empty purse. he was possessed of an indomitable energy and perseverance which served him well then and has ever since been his guiding genius. Mr. and Mrs. H. are the parents of nine children, of whom four have deceased ; two sons and three daughters are still living ; all have attained to majority. Two daughters have been united in marriage, one living at home, the other in Minnesota.

SQUIRE JEFFERIS, farmer ; P. 0. Carman. The subject of this memoir, Squire Jefferis. was born in German Township, Darke Co., Ohio, June 26, 1828 he is of English descent : he lived with his parents until ha attained to his majority, assisting in the duties of the farm. which then consisted largely in removing the forests from the land. preparatory to farming ; his winter months were devoted to the acquisition of knowledge in the common schools, which were then after the pioneer style : he attended his first school in the second schoolhouse erected in the township, which stood on Sec. 13 ; his first instructor was Milton Moore ; by close attention to his books. he qualified himself for the profession of teaching, and taught his first school in 1850. in what was known as the " James Daily District," in German Township ; the building, in which he taught was only 16x18 feet, and his average daily attendance forty he was recompensed for his arduous labor at the rate of $15 per month. boarding himself ; he followed teaching during the winter months for a period of ten years, and for five summers during this t floe engaged in the manufacture of brick, the balance of the summers were spent in farming. In 1858. he was married. to Miss Margaret A. Brown, daughter of John and Mary Brown : after his marriage he moved to Washington Township, and engaged in farming : in the same spring, he was elected Constable of the township. to which office he was elected for four years in succession ; he lived with his wife about six years, when they separated and broke up housekeeping ; one child was born to this union. Ida .Jane. For several years subsequent to this, he had no permanent home. On the 9th of February, 1869, he was united in marriage to Martha. M. Butler of Randolph Co.. Ind.; she is the daughter of James and Elizabeth E. Butler ; the same spring of his marriage, he moved to German Township, locating on Sec. 3, where he has since lived ; three children are the fruits of this union, a son and two daughters. The chief occupation of our subject has been farming. though he has dealt to some extent in stock for the last fifteen or twenty years ; in 1872, he was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, and served a term of three years, discharging the duties thereof, with commendable zeal and satisfaction to his constituency ; he is the son of Darlington L. and Mary Jefferis. Darlington L. was born in Virginia, Oct. n, 1796 ; in

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1798. his father moved to Fayette Co., Penn., where they lived until 1806 ; at this time they emigrated to Ohio and located in Butler Co.; at the end of two years, they moved to Clinton Co.; in 1820. Darlington L. left the parental roof, to try his fortunes in the wilds of Darke Co.; he first made his home with Peter Kimball, in Washington Township, and the same year entered 160 acres of land in German Township. His marriage with Miss Mary Potter was celebrated the following year, 1821 ; she was the daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Drew) Potter. natives of New Jersey, and early pioneers of this State, coining here in 1816. Shortly after the marriage of Mr. Jefferis, he erected a log cabin on his land. into which he moved and began life in earnest by his indomitable energy and persevering industry, being ably assisted by his noble wife. he soon made the wilderness. "blossom as the rose ; by good management he added to his farm. until he subsequently had in his possession over 500 acres of fertile land, under excellent improvement ; he is still living on the than he entered sixty years ago. There were born to Darlington L. and Mary Jefferis, ten children. viz.: Rebecca. deceased in infancy ; Julian, deceased at the age of 13 ; Job 1)., married to Caroline Coble ; Squire, subject of this sketch ; John, deceased at age of 3 years ; Milton M., married to Louisa Chenoweth ; Mary A., married to Samuel F. Armstrong ; Joshua, married to Sarah J. Ware; William H. H. died at the age of 22, at Nashville, Tenn., while in the service of his country in the late rebellion ; his remains were brought home and buried beside his friends gone before. ; Elizabeth, married to William H. Mills. Darlington L. Jefferis is a son of Job and Rebecca (Long) Jefferis ; Job J. was born in Chester Co.. Penn.. June 9, 1776, and married Rebecca, daughter of Owen and Lydia Long, Dec. 10. 1794 ; she deceased four years after their marriage, leaving a son, Darlington L.. the father of our subject ; his second marriage was consummated with Rebecca Vail. whose death occurred shortly after ; a daughter was born to this union. Catherine. who subsequently married Ivan Ward, and moved to Jay Co., Ind. Mr. Jefferis married Elizabeth Nichalson for his third wife, who died V Oct. 19. 1856: three children were born to this union—Job E., Joab and Hannah. Mr. Jefferis was a farmer by occupation. and emigrated to Clinton Co., Ohio, in 1808, where he lived until his death, which occurred Jan. 1, 1846 ; he was the son of William and Hannah (Darlington) Jefferis. William J. was born in Chester Co., Penn., May 12. 1729. and united in marriage in 1752, to Hannah Darlington, daughter of Abraham and Elizabeth Darlington. Abraham Darlington was born in Darnhall, Cheshire. England. and emigrated to America when a young man. William and Hannah J. resided in Bradford, Chester Co., Penn., until their death ; they were the parents of twelve children. viz.: Jane, born Oct. 20, 1752, married to Frederick Wolf ; Elizabeth. born April 15, 1754, married John Hickman ; Rachel, born Aug. 14. 1755, married to Griffith Roberts ; Hannah, born April 7, 1757, married to David Harris Rebecca. born Aug. 18, 1759 ; William, born Sept. 5. 1761. married to Ann Woodward and Martha Mendenhall ; Abraham, born Feb. 22, 1763, married Martha Way and Ann Carter ; Agnes, born Sept. 2, 1764 ; Job, born June 9. 1766, married Rebecca Long and others ; Lydia, born May 17. 1768, married Jacob Aughee ; Mary, born Dec. 10, 1770 ; Martha, born Feb. 17, 1773. William Jefferis was a son of William Jefferis, Sr., and Elizabeth Jefferis. William Jefferis, Sr.. was born in Delaware Co., Penn., about the year 1700, and was married in 1724 to Elizabeth, widow of John Nield, and daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Bing ; after residing for several years in Delaware Co., they moved to Chester Co., where they lived until their death ; they were the parents of the following children : Mary, born July 29. 1727, married William Marsh ; William. born May 12. 1729. married Hannah Darlington ; Martha, born March 8, 1731, married William Bennett ; Nathaniel. born Jan. 8, 1733, married twice, persons unknown ; Hannah. married John Hunt Samuel, born Dec. 6, 1736. married Margaret Townsend ; Nathan, born July 6, 1741, married Penninah Strode. William Jefferis. Sr., was a son of Robert and Jane (Chandler) Jefferis. Robert Jefferis was born about the year 1670, and emi-

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grated to Chester Co., Penn.. as early as 1685 ; it is supposed that he was born in England he was married in 1693 to Jane. daughter of George and Jane Chandler. who Caine from Wiltshire. England, in the year 1689. They were the parents of the following children : Patience. married to Henry Betterton Charity, married to John Evans and John Cope ; William. married in 1724. Elizabeth Neild ; James, married in 1827 Elizabeth Carter ; Robert, married to Eleanor , and Elizabeth.: George, married to Lydia ; Jane, married to Joseph Skeen ; Annie, married to Alexander Duncan ; Mary, married to Thomas Temple. Robert Jefferis was married the second time, and there were born to this union, Benjamin, Thomas:. John, and Richard.

M. M. JEFFERIS, farmer ; P. 0. German. The subject of this memoir is a native of this township ; born within one-fourth mile of where he now resides Jan. 8. 1833 ; he is the son of D. L. Jefferis, whose sketch appears in the memoir of Squire : he was brought up to farm labor and remained at home till his marriage. which he celebrated with Miss Louisa Chenoweth, April 6, 1855 ; the marriage ceremony was solemnized by A. Hiller, J. P. ; Mrs. J. is the daughter of Thos. F. Chenoweth. whose sketch appears in those of Washington Township ; after his marriage, he located where he now lives ; he has a well-improved farm of 160 acres. under a nod state of cultivation ; he has erected on it the finest two- story brick residence in the township, and has with it all the conveniences which could be desired; he is no office-seeker, but has been elected to the office of Township Trustee. Mr. and Mrs. J. are the parents of twelve children—Franklin W., born Jan. 18, 1856. deceased July 31. 1863 ; Orlinda, Jr., April 6, 1857, deceased Aug. 4. 1858: Victoria I.. Jan. 7. 1859. recently married; Laura Ellen, March 12, 1861, recently married : Mary J.. Sept. 9, 1863 ; Lorinda A., May 21, 1865, deceased Sept. 21. 1871 , Chas. T.. Aug. 8. 1868 ; Emma C. E., Jan. 6. 1871 ; Flora May, Oct. 2, 1872 : Elmer D. June 24, 1874 ; Edward F., Nov. 18, 1876 ; Homer L., March 21, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. J. have their connection with the Universalist Church at Palestine.

JOSHUA JEFFERIS. farmer ; P. O. German. Joshua was born in the house when he now resides. October 15, 1837 ; he is the son of D. L. Jefferis whose sketch appears in another place ; our subject was reared a farmer boy, assisting in the duties of the nu m) during the summer and attending the common schools during the winter months ; he has always lived on the homestead place, which he began cultivating on shares in 1863. since which time he has been farming on his own account. he was united in marriage with Miss S. J. Ware, January 10,1867 ; she is the daughter of Jacob Ware. whose sketch appears in another part of this work : she was born in the township June 20, 1849 ; Mr. Jefferis is identified with the Republican party. to the principles of which he is a zealous advocate ; Mr. and Mrs. Jefferis are members of the Universalist Church at Palestine, and arc living consistent lives. They are the parents of three children, viz.. William Ellsworth Grant. born March 24. 1868 ; Marvin Raymond, November 5, 1877 ; Lona Alma, May 13. 1s79.

SAMUEL KERST (deceased). Mr. Kerst was one of the most prominent farmers of this township ; he was born in Berks Co., Penn., November 24. 1811. and was of German descent ; he was the son of Samuel and Elizabeth Kerst. both natives of Pennsylvania ; when quite a small boy, he suffered the loss of his parents by death. he then went to live with his uncle at Reading, Penn.; while here, he enjoyed the advantages of the schools of the place ; he was raised principally upon a farm. and early became acquainted with the art of farming, which he, followed with signal success the remainder of his life. In 1837, December 26, At celebrated his marriage with Miss Ann M. Moyer, the marriage ceremony being solemnized by Rev. William Pauli ; Mrs. Kerst was born in Pennsylvania. and is the slaughter of henry and Sarah S. Moyer, both natives of Pennsylvania. Immediately after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Kerst, they emigrated to Ohio, halting for a short time on a farm in Montgomery Co., near

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Germantown ; in March. 1838, they resumed their westward journey till reaching German Township. where they located on Sec. 13 ; here Mr. Kerst purchased the farm consisting of 166 acres, on which Mrs. Kerst now resides. and where he passed the remnant of his days in agricultural pursuits : he died honored by all who knew him, March 23. 1872. leaving a large circle of friends, an affectionate wife and loving children to mourn his departure and revere his memory. Mr. Kerst was a faithful member of the German Reformed Church for Many years before his death. and died in the triumphs of his faith : in his death. the com munity lost a useful citizen. the church an exemplary member. and the family an affectionate husband and loving father. Mr. and Mrs. Kerst were the parents of seven children—two sons and five daughters. all of whom are living (1880): their names are as follows : :Morgan V.. Sarah Ann, Ackie E., Angeline. Evan M.. Candid, C. and Hattie M.

GEORGE KESTER. farmer and wagon-maker, O. German. The subject o

this memoir was born in Montgomery Co.. Ohio, near Germantown. in 1809 : he is of German descent and is the son of George Kester Sr.. who was born in Pennsylvania in 1777. and emigrated to Ohio in the beginning of the present century. The older Kester remembered haying seen George Washington at his father's private inn. in Pennsylvania. He celebrated his marriage with iss Julia Ann Wolfe. a relatiAve of t he famous soldier, General James Wolfe. When he came to Ohio. he settled in Montgomery Co., near Dayton. The westward march of civilization had then just reached Montgomery Co.. and he constituted one of its early settlers : he served as a soldier in the war of 1812 for a period of six months. and was at Greenville when the Wilson children were murdered by the Indians ; he in company with one or two others gave the murderers chase ; a favorite dog of Mr. Kester. previously trained. leading them on their track ; he would most probably soon have overtaken the villians and brought them to justice. but for the fear of the Captain of the garrison who ordered them, back to the fort. In February. 1837 he came to this county and settled in German Township. on the southwest quarter of See. 14, on a part of which a portion of Palestine has since been built ; iii March. 1838. he met with a severe and what afterward. through the negligence or rather ignorance of the attending cian, proved a fatal accident ; he was a great lover of the chase, and. while out. (ii a fox hunt with several more. he received a kick from the horse of David Ketring which completely shattered the lower bone of his leg : from the effects of this In: died in the following May : his wife died, when our subject was about 8 years oil. with a rose cancer on her face ; she was a woman of more than ordinary intelligence in her day, having received a fine German education. Mr. and Mfrs. Kester were the parents of fourteen children. Our subject's early life did not differ much from that of many other boys in the early period of the settlement of this county : he remained at home till 16 years of age. devoting his time with his father on the farm : at this age, he worked three mouths on the Miami Canal. which was then in the process of construction. and th completion of which was looked to with great anxiety, some believing that it would prove an invaluable blessing to the country. and many others that it would prove equally as great an injury ; he was then apprenticed to the wagon-maker's trade. and served a term of two and a half years : he then pursued this occupation for several years as a journeyman. setting up on his own responsibility. first at Sunbury. in 1833. May lush. 1835, he was united in marriage with Miss Eve Frank. and on the 20th of the same month he, accompanied by his wife. started to this county to improve a piece of land which he had previously entered the journey was made by team and required ',"o days ; he began at once to erect a log house, but before completing it the privations necessarily connected with it proved too severe. and he was prostrated with sickness : after he recovered, he returned to Montgomery Co. wit h his team, after some household goods which he could not bring on the first trip ; while here. he was again prostrated with sickness, and thus becoming somewhat discouraged with his new home in Darke County. he was easily persuaded by his friends to remain in his native place and

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resume his former occupation ; this he did till April, 1838, when he again moved to German Township. locating. on the east half of his father's farm, which he subsequently purchased for $2.000. the amount paid for the whole quarter a few years previous by his father : at his father's death he administered on the estate, and then made the purchase above referred to ; he remained on the farm till about nine years ago superintending it and at the same time carrying on his shop in Palestine : he formerly dealt largely in fine blooded horses, his opinion being regarded as that of an expert on such horses ; about nine years ago he moved to Palestine. where he still resides. Mr. and Mrs. Rester are the parents of six children, three of whom are deceased ; Mrs. Rester died in 1855, lamented by all who knew her : Mr. Kester gave his second daughter a collegiate education, at Oxford, Ohio : she subsequently engaged in teaching, and was united in marriage to Capt. Moore, of Greenville. Mr. Koster consummated his second marriage with Viola Mikesell : two children. a son and daughter, have been born to this union ; the son is married and had two children, one of whom has deceased ; he is much given to instrumental music, and is at present (1880) a member of the " Palestine Brass Band.”

DAVID KETRING. retired farmer ; P. 0. German ; another of the early pioneers of the county, coming to German Township, with his parents, in 1818 ; he was born in Fairfield Co.. Ohio, in 1808.; he is of German descent, his father being a native of Germany and his mother of Pennsylvania ; his parents settled on land about one mile south of the present site of Palestine, in 1818 ; they then constituted one among the first families of the township. Our subject was brought up to pioneer life. and was early inured to its hardships ; he assisted his father on the farm till his death which occurred in 1829 ; he then took charge of the homestead and rendered support to his mother till her death, which occurred in 1845 ; he then inherited the home place. which he continued to farm till 1865, when he disposed of it. and went to Randolph Co., Ind.; at the end of eleven years, he returned to the place where he now resides he celebrated his marriage with Miss Martha Brant June she is a native of Treble Co.. Ohio. and came to this county when only 6 wont d. making her home with Jonathan Pearson, one of the first settlers in the township. Mr. Ketring has witnessed the changes wrought in this section of die county by the untlagging industry of man for upward of sixty years. He has seen the wilderness "blossom as the rose" and bring forth a hundred-fold. Mr. and MN. K. are the parents of nine children, seven of whom are living, viz., Elizabeth. Joseph. Mary. Ellen and Jonathan (twins. now deceased), Malinda, Phebe ,lane. Benjamin R. Clarissa. Martha. ; they have all attained to majority and are all married but two.

MICHAEL LINDAMOOD, farmer P. S Weaver's Station. The subject of this memoir was born in Germantown. Montgomery County, Ohio, in 1806 ; he was the son of Jonathan Lindamood. who was a native of Pennsylvania ; he emigrated to Ohio in die beginning of the present century and located in Montgomery County. Our subject was reared a tiller of the soil. awl, besides assisting in the duties of the farm. he gave some attention to the carpenter business. In 1828, he celebrated his marriage with Miss Sherick. in Montgomery County ; she was born in Perry County. in 1808, and at. the age of 18 she accompanied a family to Montgomery County. with whom she made her home till her marriage, returning once in the mean time to her native place on a visit. Mr. Lindamood engaged in farming for a few years after marriage, in .Montgomery County, and then moved to this county. locating. on the southeast quarter of Section 24. German Township ; the difficulties incident to frontier life at once confronted him ; his farm was, with the exception of a few acres, yet clothed in the habiliments of nature, and unflagging perseverance was demanded to prepare it for the plow and cultivator ; by dint of hard labor this was soon accomplished. and a fine farm was the reward. On Sept. 5. 1869 death's messenger summoned Mr.. Lindamood to " that undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveler returns; " he departed in peace, his life's work

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being done, leaving many friends, an affectionate wife and loving children to mourn his departure and revere his memory. Mr. and Mrs. Lindamood were the parents of children, one dying in infancy, the rest growing up to years of maturity ; three of ten the daughters died after their marriage, leaving families of children ; it will be seen that death has frequently broken into this family circle, taking away an affectionate father and husband and four children. Mr. Lindamood was a member of the Lutheran Church and lived an exemplary life.

G. T. LOWDENSLAGER, farmer ; P. 0. Hollandsburg. This gentleman was born in Carroll Co., Md., Jan. 30, 1830 ; he is of German descent and is the son of Jacob L., also a native of Maryland ; he was a shoemaker by trade, and engaged in, this occupation about forty years ; he emigrated to Ohio with his family in 1837. and located in Harrison township ; here he combined with his trade, farming. He was united in marriage about 1826. with Miss Brown, also a native of Maryland, and sister of Loyd Brown, whose sketch appears in the biographies of this township. Mrs. L.'s death occurred Aug. 30, 1866. Mr. L. is still living in Harrison Township at the ripe old age of 81 years. Our subject was brought up to farm life, and assisted his father in farming till he grew up to mature years. In 1856. Sept. 7. he celebrated his nuptials with Miss Margaret A. Yore, who was born in Harrison Township, May 3, 1838 ; .her parents were natives of Pennsylvania. and emigrated to this State nearly half a century ago, locating in Harrison Township ; her parents were both spared to see a ripe old age, her lather's demise occurring Oct. 31, 1865. at the age of 76 years, and her mother's, Jan. 26, 1880, at the age of 83 years. Thus we record the death of two more of the early settlers of this county, who departed, leaving a large circle of acquaintances and a family of children to mourn their loss. Our subject farmed the homestead for several years after marriage. and then after spending about six years on two other farms, purchased the place where he now resides, which he has placed under good improvement by his habits of industry, assisted by his amiable wife. Mr. and Mrs. L. are the parents of twelve children, viz: Mary Emma, born July 7, 1857, married Jan. 14, 1877, to William F. Wolf ; Thomas P., born Sept. 11, 1858; Jesse S.. born June 8, 1860 ; Margaret C. C., born Oct. 17, 1861; John L., born Feb. 28, 1861 ; Andrew C., born Aug. 6, 1865 ; Elva E. born July 20, 1867 ; Ina B., born Feb, 4, 1869 ; Annah M., born April 15, 1870 ; Florence M., born Dec. 19, 1871. deceased, Sept. 2, 1872 : Rosa. E., born Nov. 7, 1873; Jacob E., born Sept. 30, 1875.

JAMES McCABE, lumber manufacturer, P. 0. German. The subject of this sketch was born in Warren Co., Ohio, the 14th day of October, 1826 ; his father. John was born in New Jersey Aug. 30, 1798. and is yet living in Neave Township, with all his faculties well preserved : he emigrated to Ohio. when he attained to his majority, in September, 1818, making the journey almost entirely by foot ; he was accompanied to Wheeling, Va., by two young men of the names of Nutt and Helm ; here Nutt retraced his steps to New Jersey, after replenishing his exhausted purse out of McCabe's ; from Wheeling to Marietta, McCabe and Helm journeyed by skiff on the Ohio River ; becoming wearied of this mode of travel, they disposed of their skiff, and footed it to Chillicothe ; here the two companions, bound together by the trials and triumphs of their journey, made a final separation; Mee. pushed his journey on to Franklin Co.. where he engaged a year or two at the carpenter trade, which he had previously learned ; his marriage with Miss Ann Vantilburgh was celebrated June 17. 1824; she was born in Middlesex Co., N. J., Oct. 6, 1798, and emigrated to this State with her parents when quite small, locating in Warren Co. Our subject then established himself in Warren Co. and engaged at his trade till he came to this county in 1842. the 13th day of November ; he purchased a farm in Neave Township, and abandoned his trade and turned his attention to farming ; he has continued to manage his farm up to the present time. Mrs. McC. deceased and was buried at Carlyle Station. Warren Co. Five children were born to this union as follows: Sarah, born May 27, 1825. deceased ; James, Oct. 14, 1826; John V., Jan. 28, 1828, deceased July 16. 1855:

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William, born Jan. 29, 1829, deceased Oct 14, 1851; Edith A., Feb. 28, 1830, deceased. Mr. McCabe's second marriage was consummated with Miss Nancy Woodward, in Warren Co.; she was born in that county the 14th day of May,1808, and deceased Jan. 21, 1855. Nine children were the fruits of this union, to wit : George, Samuel, Ellen, Oscar and Malvina (twins), Elizabeth, Reuben, Wilson and Nancy ; the above are all married but three. Mr. McC. was united the third time in marriage with Mrs. Charlotte Heistand, a native of Pennsylvania. Our subject was brought up on a farm ; during the winter months, he applied himself assiduously to the acquisition of the rudiments of book knowledge; so well did he improve his time in this direction that he was early qualified to enter the profession of teaching ; this he followed for eight years; he obtained his first certificate of John Briggs, one of the first school examiners of this county. He was married. to Miss Wagoner Jan. 10, 1852; she was born in Neave Township Oct. 26, 1823. Her father, George Wagoner, was born Oct. 24, 1788, and came to Neave Township March 12, 1817; he was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was taken prisoner at Hull's surrender at Detroit; at the mention of this cowardly act of Hull to him, he would become enraged and stamp the ground, even up to his death, which occurred April 6, 1868; he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Stevens, who was born Oct. 12, 1796, and died Feb. 16, 1864; they were the parents of eleven children, seven of whom still survive; our subject, after his marriage located in Palestine, and for •a time engaged in teaching and farming ; he then purchased the Palestine Flouring-mill, to which he attached a saw-mill in about five years ; he disposed of this property soon after this, and, with Mr. Kesler. purchased and erected in Palestine a large saw-mill, which he still runs, having some time ago purchased Rester's interest in it. Mr. and Mrs. McC. are the parents of four children, two sons and two daughters, to wit : Flora, born July 7, 1855. now deceased: Orlando. Sept. 6, 1857, now engaged in teaching ; Virgil, November. 1858 Ida M.. Feb. 7, 1864. Mr. and Mrs. McCabe are members of the Universalist Church of Palestine.

IRA McCLURE. ; P. 0. German. The subject of this memoir is a native of this county. born in Washington Township in 1845; he is the son of Geo. McClure, a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to this county in 1836 and located in Washington Township, near Nashville, a place then of considerable note ; here he engaged in milling, which he continued eight or ten years ; he then disposed of his mill property and purchased what was known as the John Clapp farm, near the same place. and engaged in farming ; after controlling this for four years. he sold out and bought the Chenoweth farm, in the same township, joining the Indiana line, five miles south of Union City ; here he continued till his death, which occurred in 1871 ; his wife survived him till 1879, when death's messenger summoned her to join him. Our subject was raised upon a farm, the summers of his early life being spent in its duties, and his winter months devoted to the acquisition of knowledge in the common schools ; he remained at home WI the year 1869. when he purchased the flouring-mill at Palestine, which he has since been successfully managing ; he has in the mean time bought and sold grain to some extent; has never been a political aspirant, but in 1878 he was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, the duties of which he still continues to discharge with commendable zeal, and satisfaction to his constituents. He has been married twice; his first marriage he celebrated with Miss Sarah Skidmore, a native of this county, in 1869 ; one child, now deceased, was born ; his second marriage was consummated in 1872, with Miss Rebecca Musselman, a native of this county ; three children are the fruits of this second union—Benjamin F., Capitola, Henry Edmund. Mr. and Mrs. McClure are both consistent members of the Disciples Church of Palestine.

WILLIAM H. McCOUN, farmer ; P. 0. German ; Mr. McCoun is the son of James McCoun, and was born in Rush County, Ind., Jan. 16, 1833 ; his father is a native of Virginia, and emigrated to Indiana with his parents in 1819 ; in September,

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1852, he disposed of his property in Indiana, which consisted of 160 acres of land, and emigrated to Ohio, locating in the " settlement " in German Township ; here he purchased 562 acres, and is still living at the ripe age of 82 years, looking as though his fourscore and two years had dealt gently with him. The early life of our subject was that of a farmer ; his winter months were devoted to the acquisition of knowledge, and so well did he improve his time that he was early qualified for the profession of teaching ; this occupation he followed chiefly for twenty years, with success. He is a zealous advocate of the principles of the Republican party, and is one who assisted in crushing out the late rebellion and with it forever the cursed institution of slavery ; he was a member of the 45th Penn. C. T., and participated in the battles of Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, Richmond, etc., and was present at the surrender of General Lee ; from thence they were sent into Texas, where he was honorably discharged with his regiment ; from there he returned home, and has since been variously engaged in farming, teaching, brickmaking, contracting, etc. He is no political aspirant, but has been elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, and is now serving on his last year of a three-years' term ; he has discharged the duties of his office with the same marked zeal and fidelity characteristic of his whole life ; he also holds a trusteeship in the Union Literary Institution, and is fund commissioner of the same ; he is a strong advocate of temperance, and both by precept and example opposes the evil of intemperance. His marriage with Miss Margaret Mason was celebrated Dec. 29, 1855 ; she was born in this county in 1835 ; nine children have been born to them, to wit : Laura B., deceased Oct. 8, 1879 ; her life, though short, was complete ; she was a schoolteacher by occupation, at which she bad been engaged from the age of 14 up to her death ; Alice A., now teaching at Seymour, Ind., a position Laura B. filled previous to her death ; William B. C., Essie J., Sidney R., Augustus L. deceased in infancy ; Julian Grant, Houston Colfax and Florence V. Mr. and Mrs. McCoun take a great interest in the cause of religion, both being identified with religious denominations, he with the Christian and she with the Methodist Episcopal Church.

GEORGE MILLER ; farmer ; P. 0. German. Mr. Miller is another of the early settlers and prominent citizens of German Township ; he is a native of Pennsylvania, born in York Co. in 1816 ; he descended from the Teutonic stock, and is the son of George Miller, Sr., who was also a native of Pennsylvania ; Mr. Miller. Sr., was a farmer by occupation, and engaged to some extent in the manufacture of linseed oil. He united in marriage with Miss Petry, who is also a native of Pennsylvania ; she is still living in the enjoyment of good health in Preble Co., at the ripe old age of 90 years. Mr. Miller, Sr., died in Pennsylvania, when our subject was only 9 years old ; the subject, of this memoir emigrated to Ohio when 16 years of age, and located first in Preble Co. ; he was reared on a farm, and as this country was comparatively new when he came to it he was early inured to the hardships and privations of frontier life ; he remained at home assisting in the duties of the farm till he grew up to mature years ; his educational advantages were necessarily limited, as the life of the early settler is one of constant exertion for subsistence ; however, what opportunities offered in this direction were well improved ; in 1839, he moved to German Township and located on a piece of land owned by John Warner, land which he subsequently purchased and still owns ; here' he embarked on the "course of life " on his own account. He now has his third wife ; his first marriage was consummated with Miss Warner in 1839 ; death bereft him of this companion in 1842 ; two children were born, both dying in infancy; he celebrated his second marriage with Miss Boomershine, in 1845 ; in 1858 he was called upon to mourn her loss ; she died, leaving six children, one of whom has since died; he was married for the third time, to Miss Bolinger, in 1859 ; ten children were the fruits of the last union, nine of whom are still living. It will be noticed by the above that the messenger of death has made many and frequent visits to this father, taking from him two affectionate wives and four children. Mr. Miller is one of the self-made men of this county; beginning here

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nearly half a century ago almost entirely in the woods, with scarcely nothing but a strong constitution. well-acquired habits of industry and economy, and an unyielding determination, he has struggled up through many difficulties to take a place among the foremost farmers of the county ; he has added to his small beginning by unflagging perseverance, till he now has a farm of 293 acres, well improved and under excellent cultivation ; he has taken a great interest in the cause of religion, being a member of the German Baptist Church upward of twenty years.

I. D. PARENT, farmer ; P. 0., German. This gentleman was born March 1, 1830, on the place where he now resides ; he is a descendant of one of the early- pioneers of this county, Samuel Parent, Sr.; he was a native of New Jersey, and emigrated to Ohio in 1814 or 1815 and settled on a farm near Franklin, Butler Co. ; at the end of three years, he came to this county and settled on the farm where our subject now lives, in Sec. 13 ; here he passed the remnant of his days ; his family constituted one of the first in the township, and not an acre of his farm was reduced to the uses of civilization when he moved on it ; the excellent turnpike which now crosses the farm was then only an Indian trail, and the "feeble sons of the bow and arrow" still lingered about ; a pioneer life, with all the privations and hardships incident to it, was before him ; but, nothing daunted, he launched out. and by his indomitable will and energy soon carved for himself and for future generations a beautiful home and farm out of the dense wilderness. He was united in marriage to Miss Hackey before coming to Ohio, and was the father of eleven children, two of whom died in infancy ; nine grew up to mature years, and five are still living ; the sketches of three of these appear in this work. The death of Mrs. Parent occurred in 1861, and that of Mr. P. one year later, in 1862. bur subject's life has been that of a farmer ; he assisted his father on the farm till he was 22 years of age. at which time he 8 as married to Miss Lucinda Friar ; he immediately moved on an adjoining farm. where he remained three years, when he returned to the homestead, which he purchased, and took care of his parents till their death one child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. P.—Leander H., born September. 1857. By the appearance of Mr. Parent's buildings and the condition of his farm. he would be and is counted one of the thrifty, enterprising farmers of Germ an Township.

SAMUEL PARENT, farmer ; P. 0. German. Mr. Parent is another of the early settlers and prominent citizens of German Township ; he was born Oct. 23, 1818. about one mile cast of the present site of Palestine ; he is the son of Samuel Parent. Sr., whose biography is given under I. D. Parent's sketch. Our subject was raised a farmer, which has been his life occupation ; he remained under the parental roof till his majority ; his early education, as concerned books, was about what the pioneer boys usually received. At the age of 21, he commenced life on his own account ; he then moved on the farm, where he now resides. which he has placed under the best of modern improvements by his industry and good management. Mr. Parent was married to Miss Mary Coble in 1840; she was a descendant of early pioneers of this county, and a native of German, Township. Mrs. Parent departed this life Aug. 20, 1879; she was a noble, Christian woman, an affectionate wife, a loving mother, and a useful citizen, and died lamented by all who knew her. Nine children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Parent, five of whom have been called to " that undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveler returns." Much mental anguish has fallen to the lot of Mr_ Parent to endure ; six different times has the messenger of death knocked at his door and claimed a victim, having robbed him of a loving wife and five children. Mr. Parent has a benevolent heart, as his many acts of charity and humanity bear testimony ; he is an active member of the Christian (New Light) Church, and his life is an exemplary one.

COLONEL DAVID PUTMAN , attorney; P. 0. German ; we herewith present, a sketch of Col. David Putman, whose portrait appears in this work, who is another of the early pioneers of this county ; he was born Aug. 4, 1821, on the present site of

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New Madison, within the stockade, which formerly constituted old Fort Black ; he is of Scotch descent ; his maternal grandfather—David Gray—emigrated to America in 1802 from Tyrone Co., Ireland, whither his immediate ancestors had been driven from Scotland by the Catholic persecution ; he settled first in Shephardstown, Md., from which he emigrated in 1817 to Ohio, locating one mile west of the present place of New Madison, then known as Ft. Black ; here he remained until his death, which occurred in 1822 ; he was one of the first settlers of the county, and had for his only neighbors a family of the Rushes, of whom some of the more remote descendants are still living in the same locality. Our subject is the son of Ernestus Putman, a direct descendant of John Putnam, who came over in the Mayflower. Here we mention the two different manners—interchanging the m and n—of spelling the name, a diversity which still continues in the family and which most probably arose from the early association of the family with the Low Dutch. His paternal grandfather was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, andtook an active part for a period of seven years and eight months in that great struggle for freedom. Ernestus Putman was born in 1776, soon after his father entered the service ; a brother of our subject's paternal grandfather was also a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was sent south with Green’s Division after the close of the war, he located in South Carolina and raised a family ; during our late civil war, our subject accidentally met a rebel prisoner at Camp Chase who was captured at Fort Donelson ; and learning his rank—Captain—and name, upon inquiry he found him to be a grandson of his paternal grand-uncle early in the present century, Ernestus Putman celebrated his first marriage. and in 1809 moved. to Madison, Ind. ; here he erected the third log cabin built in the place : while here. He was called to mourn the loss of his wife, who died leaving an infant son this son now resides in Richmond, Ind. ; Mr. E. Putman remained here till 1811. when he went to Harper's Ferry, and entered the Government employ as a gunsmith ; he remained at this till the close of the war of 1812, and then went to Washington City. We should mention here, that, while at Harper's Ferry. he celebrated his second marriage ; while at Washington, he was allotted the contract for the iron work of the Capitol and White House, which were then rebuilding ; in 1819, he with his family, emigrated to this county, purchasing and settling on the land on which New Madison has since been built ; it was then known as Fort Black ; on coming to the above place, he brought with him a stock of goods and opened a store. combining with it the gunsmith trade, which was at that time a very lucrative business ; in 1831, he laid out the present town of New Madison. and the same year constructed the first flouring mill in the southern part of the county, locating it near Weaver's Station, where the present mill. known as Otwell's. stands ; in 1842, he retired from active business, having been for a number of years an eminently successful merchant ; he still remained at his old home in New Madison, until a few years before his death, when he ceased housekeeping, and, with his wife, went to Winchester, Ind., where they spent the remnant of their days with their eldest daughter. He departed this life, in October, 1865, surviving his devoted wife nearly two years, she having died in February, 1864. Thus two more of the early pioneers passed peacefully away, their life's work ended, their duties done, leaving a family of loving children to mourn their departure, and revere their memory. As showing the interest which Mr. Putman took in Christianity, we mention that in 1847, he built on his Own ground, and at his own expense—with the exception of $80—the Presbyterian Church at New Madison ; this church, after he left the place, became disorganized, and the house was no longer occupied by them. A few years ago, the heirs of Mr. Putman, after discovering that the original deed. executed by their father in favor of the Presbyterian Church, was not to be found, and that the property was at their disposal, gratuitously turned it over to the German Reformed Church, giving it a quit-claim deed for the smile. Mr. and Mrs. Putman were the parents of nine children, six of whom are still living, and all of whom grew up to mature years ; their names are as follows : Jane

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G.. born in 1816, married to Edward Edger, and now residing in Winchester, Ind.; John G., born January, 1818, now living in Denison, Tex.; Elizabeth S., born October, 1819, married Dr. Rufus Gillpatrick, lately deceased ; Col. D., our subject ; Mary I, born 1821. married to Dr. Charles Jaqua ; Ernestus J., born 1826. now of Colorado Springs, Colo.; Thomas C., born 1828, and deceased in his 21st year ; James, born 1830, now residing in Burlington, Iowa ; Nancy C., born 1833. married to Gen. J. G. Blunt, and now residing at Leavenworth, Kan.; Mr. P. was a member of the F. & A. M. Our subject, at a very early age, was sent to Eaton, Ohio, to school, being placed under the instruction of Col. George D. Hendricks. toil remained there about six months, this being his first school outside his paternal roof ; at the age of 13, he was placed in the flouring-mill lately built by his father, and there remained for a period of two years ; then he was placed in his father's store in New Madison. The age of 13 closed his school days. He has a vivid recollection of going, with his father, when quite a small boy, about one mile east of New Madison, where, with the assistance of some of the neighbors, they erected a log schoolhouse, the house being completed in one day, with furniture thereto, the furniture being manufactured on the spot ; thus was planted the germ of our present efficient and invaluable school system. Shortly after our subject left the mill. and while in the store, Col. Hendricks, his former instructor, called at his father's. and. while at the supper-table, remarked that he was then organizing a surveying party to go to Texas, just then recognized as an independent State, and jocosely asked Mrs. Putman if David could accompany him ; to this she promised an answer next morning, which was rendered in the, affirmative, and she at once set about to prepare him for his journey. Dr. Gillpatrick, who had lately located in New Madison, from Maine, undertook to instruct our subject in practical surveying prior to his setting out on the expedition. On Christmas Day, 1836, Col. Hendricks, with a party of nine, left Eaton, Ohio, for Texas, our subject being the youngest of the number: they performed almost the entire journey to Cincinnati, Ohio on foot, accompanying the teams of Mr. Putman, the father of our subject. which were loaded with butter, lard and pork, and were about four days on the way : on the last day of the year, they embarked at Cincinnati, on the steamer George Washington, en route to New Orleans ; on the next day, just before passing Louisville, they met the steamer on which Santa Anna was a passenger, on his way to Washington City ; they were about two weeks on their way to New Orleans, their progress haying been much impeded in the early part of the journey by floating ice. The Colonel relates an incident which occurred on the way down, as follows : Wishing to practice economy, their party took lower-deck passage, and Among their number was one Parks, an excellent violinist and vocalist. who sang and played “Billy Barlow," much to the gratification of the passengers, who listened to it for the first time ; this so attracted the passengers in the cabin that they made him up a purse of $25, and, after putting somewhat of an aristocratic finish on him, invited him up to the cabin to amuse them with his songs and plays the balance of the trip. As young as our subject was, he was intrusted by his father with a quantity of lard, butter and pork, to take to New Orleans, to be disposed of to the best advantage; he made a satisfactory disposal of it to the firm of James Landis & Co., and left the proceeds thereof on deposit till his return. Here four of the company left them, the rest immediately embarking on the sail-vessel, William C. Byrant for Texas ; the party then consisted of the following persons, to wit : Col. George G. Hendricks Lot Lee (who afterward became Sheriff of Preble County, and distinguished himself in the Mexican war), John Fall. William Maroney and our subject. They sailed out of New Orleans on a rough sea which had just been severely disturbed by a violent storm ; this was rather a severe initiation to sea-life for their party, as it soon produced the unpleasant sensation of seasickness ; after a period of eight days, they landed at Marion, the river station of Columbia, the capital of the State ; this was on the Brazos River ; they there learned that the land office was

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not open, and that there was no employment to be had in surveying ; thus disappointed, they concluded to go into camp in the outskirts of Columbia. Col. Hendricks, not obtaining work as expected, pushed on to San Antonio, leaving the remaining part of the company in camp. At this time, there was a large influx of emigrants to the State, and a great demand for carpenters sprung up. This Lot Lee, who was a carpenter by profession, availed himself of, took contracts and employed Maroney and Fall to assist him ; this proved very remunerative, as the demand for such labor was large and supply meager. Our subject performed the part of cook for the company, receiving for it his board and 91 per day ; in addition to this, he served as clerk in the grocery,- store of Capt. Ives, late of Texan War, for which he received 92 per day ; while here, he made the acquaintance of Samuel Houston, President of the Republic. After remaining here about three months, Fall, Maroney and our subject determined to return home, and concluded to foot it across the State to Red River ; before the time for their departure arrived, Fall abandoned the pedestrian tour which they had planned. and took sail for New Orleans ; this, however, (lid not defeat the resolution of the other two. On the 24th day of March, 1837, they called at the office of the Secretary of State, and obtained a passport, which is now before the writer, and which was given under the hand of J. Pinckney Henderson, Secretary of State. at the town of Columbia. the 24th day of March, 1837. After disposing of the surplus articles on hand. and packing their knapsacks, they sallied forth on their journey. on the morning of the 27th of March ; on the evening of the first day. finding themselves on the bank or Cow Creek. unable to cross. they spread down their overcoats, and. using their knapsacks for pillows, lay down and slept soundly and undisturbed till morning. Early next day. they stopped at a farmhouse, which proved to be the home of Dr. Parrott, formerly of Ohio, who was much delighted to see the boys, and minister unto them in such a manner as to give a new impetus to their journey. After fourteen days' traveling, they arrived at Natchitoches. haying crossed the famous Gaines' Ferry, on Sabine River, the land route into Texas : they took a steamer at Natchitoches, for New Orleans. Here our subject invested the proceeds of the goods previously stored there, in molasses, sugar and coffee for his father's store. This investment exhibited great business sagacity, as it proved to be a very profitable expenditure for his father. From here they took steamer direct to Cincinnati, from which place they transferred the goods, by canal, to Hamilton, Ohio, taking packet themselves for same place ; next day, they walked to Eaton. Ohio, where our subject remained one day with his uncle and his companion Maroney ; on the subsequent day he walked home, a distance of eighteen miles ; thus ended the first eventful period of his life. We narrate thus fully this journey as being remarkable for one of such young years to venture. In about three months after arriving at home, he was employed as clerk in the dry-goods store of D. W. Skidmore, of Hamilton, Ohio ; in the following spring, his father and uncle established a new store in New Madison, and gave him charge of it as clerk ; his uncle died in the fall of 1839, leaving the store entirely in his charge up to 1842 ; his father retired from active business in the spring of 1842, leaving him and his brother in charge of the two stores, which they consolidated and jointly managed. On the 15th of the following November, he celebrated his nuptials with Miss Sarah Mills, daughter of Col. Mark T. Mills, and grand-daughter of Col. James. Mills ; the latter gentleman was one of the early pioneers of this county, coming here in 1816 and settling on. land two miles north of New Madison ; he was a native of New Jersey, and emigrated to Hamilton, Butler Co., Ohio, in 1798, and was one of the first settlers in the county, and Colonel of the 1st Ohio Militia, 3d Detachment, in the war of 1812 ; he left Hamilton, Ohio, Feb. 5, 1813, in command of the 1st 0. M., and marched to Dayton; from there to Piqua, Loramie, St. Mary's, and finally, April 7, was ordered to Ft. Meigs, where his. regiment remained on guard duty till discharged from service. We find the following entry in his regimental book :

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GENERAL ORDERS.

“Col. Mills. with a portion of his command, having honorably served out the period for which they were called into the service of their country, are hereby discharged and permitted to return to their respective homes. Events not within the control of the present Commander-in-chief of this army, or of our Government, have rendered it necessary that the militia of Western States should compose a considerable portion of the Northwest army. Ohio stands conspicuous for the great zeal and promptness with which her citizens have yielded the comforts of private life for the toils and privations of the camp. In the return of this detachment of Ohio troops to their families and homes. it is due to Ohio and her sons to record their honorable service.

“To Col. Mills and his staff and his respective commissioned and non-commissioned officers and privates, whose term of service has expired, and to whose promptness in the discharge of every duty he has been an eye-witness, the Commanding General gives his sincere thanks.

By command of GEN. GREENE CLAY."

Col. J. Mills served in both branches of the Ohio Legislature ; he died of cholera in 1833, at Ft. Jefferson. and is buried on the land he first settled ; his was a physician of much note in the early history of this county. Col. Mark T, Mills. sou of the former. was one of the early Sheriffs of this county. and while serving his second term was elected a member of the Legislature ; he was continued a monism of this body fin' four or five years by the suffrage of the people. He was married to Miss Lydia Burdge. March 29, 1821, who still survives him, he having died March. 1843: she is the wile of Henry Hutton, one of the early pioneers of Butler Township. Our subject continued business in New Madison till June 1845, when he sold out his interest in the store to his brother, purchased a stock of goods and residence in Palestine. where he moved and commenced business day : here he engaged with success for three years in dry goods, grain and pork : in 1848, he suffered a heavy financial loss in the pork business, this it disastrous year to pork merchants : he then exchanged his stock of goods for a farm in Preble Co.. Ohio, and lived on it two years, when he disposed of it, discharged all his financial obligations. and returned to Palestine ; in the two succeeding years. engaged in the insurance business. and then was proprietor of a hotel fir one year : after the act of Congress granting land-warrants to the soldiers of the war of he turned his attention to this business: in the fall of 1855 he with his wife. went to Iowa and remained there till the following spring ; in the mean tints. he enured about 1,000 acres of land with the land-warrants which he had purchased. traveling over the State extensively ; he returned to Palestine in the spring and engaged in the grocery business, which he continued till the spring of 1861, when he closed out his stock : in the mean time. he disposed of his lawn lands and invested in real estate in this county. Soon after the commencement of the civil war. tieing an ardent supporter of Lincoln, he offered his services in defense of his country. and. on the 10th of October, 1861, was mustered into the United States Army he was commissioned as Second Lieutenant of the 69^th 0. V. I. with authority to recruit a company. On the last day of the month. he reported to Col. Campbell. at Hamilton, Ohio, with thirty-one men on the next day, he returned in company with Col. Campbell to this county. to recruit more men for the company ; on the 19th of December, having completed the enlistment of the company. he was elected to office of Captain ; they' remained at Hamilton till the 19th of February, when the regiment was ordered to Camp Chase (the 1st of March. Gen. Buckner, with entire staff of officers, was brought to camp as prisoner, from Ft. Donelson); his regiment remained here on guard duty till the 19th of April, when they received orders to report at once to Nashville. Tenn. ; they arrived there on the 22d of April, and were shortly put in charge of the railroad from Nashville to Columbia, where they remained till

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June 8 ; they then accompanied an expedition under Gen. Dumont to Pikeville, by way of Nashville, Murfreesboro, McMinnville, and over the Cumberland Mountains ; returning to Nashville, Col. Campbell was appointed Provost Marshal, and the regiment detained as Provost Guard of that city. About this time. the rebel General, Morgan, made a raid upon Gallatin, capturing Col. Boone with 4th Kentucky ; the 69th 0. V. I., 11th Michigan and section of a battery. attacked Gen. Morgan and drove him out. the 69th losing one man killed— the first killed of the regiment. When Gen. Bragg made his flank movement on Louisville. the 69th was left to guard the city of Nashville, which, owing to the scarcity of troops, was regarded as rather perilous ; while here. our subject was detailed as member of general court-martial. and remained on this duty loll days ; from this he was relieved on the 26th of December. and joined his regiment at Nolinsville, on its way to Murfreesboro; the regiment participated in most of the hard fighting which immediately followed at that place. On the morning of the 31st of December, Col. Cassilly, having succeeded Col. Campbell in command. was dismissed for unbecoming conduct, when the regiment was left tier a time without a commander, in the midst of a hard fight. which soon reduced it to confusion and disorder. Our subject being ranking Captain of the regiment on the field. distinguished himself by taking command of the regiment, and bringing it into line again, which position they held, till ordered to fall back by Gen. Negley--the regiment suffered severely in killed and wounded during the day ; on next day they were not engaged, but on the 2d of January they took part in the brilliant charge across Stone River, our subject commanding the left wing or the regiment ; this was a desperate charge. and, with some slight skirmishing. closed the battle. The 69th had the honor of capturing the famous Washington Battery of New Orleans, the finest in the army (Sergt Wilson, of our subjects company. deserve: meritorious notice for his bravery in this charge: being disabled in the left arm. he was using a breech loading carbine, and with it succeeded in capturing a regimental flag of the Nashville Regiment, while crossing the river.) From exposure previous to and during this battle, our subject. after wading the river waist-deep. which was floating with ice, fell prostrate to the ground, and was carried to a house near by ; he remained here till the 10th of January, having been prostrated on the 5th, and then was taken to Nashville, remained here till the 6th of February. and then went to Murfreesboro, where he remained till the 20th of June, with, the exception of thirty days, which time he spent at home on furlough. On the 20th. the army was examined, and all who were unfit for active duty were placed in the invalid corps ; our subject, being examined. was reported unfit for active duty. and was offered the command of Ft. Thomas, hut, his health being poor, he thought best to resign and return home ; his resignation was accepted on the 21st of June, 1863, and, after some delay, arrived home July 12. On the 24th of July, a company of 0. N. G. was organized in Palestine. and our subject elected Captain in the following August, the 28th O. N. G. was organized. and he was elected Colonel ; he took an active part in the Brough-Vallandigham campaign, and also assisted Col. Browne in the recruiting service. May 2. 1864, the 0. N. G. were called out, by order of the Governor, and. although his health was still much impaired, his unflagging interest for his county led him to take his place as Colonel of the 28th 0. N. G. ; after arriving at Camp Dennison. their ten companies were consolidated into eight, and two were assigned them from Springfield ; they were then organized into the 152d 0. N. G., and, on the 12th of May, they were sent to New Creek, W. Va., and from there, on the 30th, to Martinsburg ; they left there on the 4th of June, with a supply-train of 209 wagons, and orders to reach Gen. Hunter, who was then somewhere in the Shenandoah Valley. at all hazards ; they were joined by five companies of 161st 0. N. G..2d Md., and sixty men of 15th N. Y. Cavalry, all under the command of our subject ; they overtook the rear of Hunter's army on the 10th, at Staunton, and his army next day at Lexington ; here. under Hunter's command, the famous mills and military institutions of Lexington were

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destroyed by fire : at the latter institution was found a statue of George Washington. life size. erected in 1788. which was turned over to our subject with special instructions to deliver it to the Governor of West Virginia, at Wheeling ; these instructions he carried out ; they continued with Hunters army till the 17th, when Gen. Hunter turned his prisoners. sick and wounded, and 2011 wagons, over to the Colonel and ordered Jinn to get out they marched in advance of Hunter's retreating army, arriving at Beverly on the 27th, being under fire more or less every day : arrived at Cumberland. d., the 2d of July, and remained there till the 25th of August. participating in several skirmishes in the vicinity ; they were then ordered to ('amp Dennison where they were mustered out of service on the 2d of September. and on the 5th received their pay and final discharge. After returning home the regiment resumed its old name, of 28th 0. N. f1., and our subject continued its Colonel till the close of the war ; he received three honorable discharges from the United States service. one from the 69th 0. V. I., 152d 0. N. G., and 28th 0. S. G. Immediately after the close of the war, he engaged in the study of law under the direction of A. R. Calderwood of Greenville, and was admitted to practice at the May term of the District Court of Ohio, 1868 ; since then he has been engaged in the practice of law, giving his attention for several years particularly to the collection of soldiers' pensions. He was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace in 1870 and served a term of three years ; he is a member of the F. and A. M. Lodge of New Madison. Mr. and Mrs. Putman, have no children of their own, but have raised from infancy a cousin's child, by the name of M. P. Simison ; his paternal grandfather was the first white settler at Ft. Recovery, then a part of Darke Co., and one of his aunts was the first settler of Jay Co., Ind.; he is now engaged in the drug business at Palestine, and is one of the promising young business men of the place.

ELIAS ROSS. farmer; P. 0. German. We herewith present the sketch of another of the early pioneers of this township in the name of Elias Ross; he was born in Pickaway Co.. Ohio, Feb. 20. 1811 ; he is the son of Henry Ross, who was a native of Virginia ; early in his youth. he left his parental roof and embarked on the sea of life without guide or counselor ; he soon found his way to Pickaway Co., Ohio where he entered into the occupation of farming; after dwelling here for a short time he moved to Big Darby Creek. Franklin Co.; from there he came direct to this township and located on land in northwest part of Sec. 24; this was in October. 1817. and his family constituted one of the first in the township; nothing but a vast wilderness greeted him on every hand, not even a log cabin could be found to house his family in when he landed here ; in lieu of this he was obliged to improvise a temporary shed, which served as a very imperfect shelter until he could erect a more substantial domicile; this he set about at once to do; gathering together what few settlers were to be found in the vicinity, they erected a "pioneer s home.- the log cabin, completing the structure ready for use in one day, the first house built in one day in the township; before they got their cabin built, the weather became very rigorous, snow falling to the depth of several inches, which produced no little suffering to the family in their temporary shed ; the cabin erected and the family comfortably housed, the next thing to be done was to clear the land of its forests, preparatory to cultivation ; to have some land ready by spring, it was necessary to work through the winter, which was an unusually severe one : this Mr. Ross did faithfully the whole winter through, although with much exposure; thus began the sturdy pioneer, and, although these and many other difficulties confronted him. his indefatigable will conquered them all. Mr. Ross assisted in the erection of the first church built in the county. It was located in Washington Township on Sec. 36, and was built in 1819; it was a Methodist Church and is still (1880) standing, a relic of pioneer days, though not now used. Mr. Ross was the father of twelve children, one of whom met with a fatal accident at the age of 14, by a falling tree; the rest grew up to mature years and ten are still living; he was a local minister of the M. E. Church and for almost a lifetime

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preached the Gospel and endeavored to turn the erring ones from their way; lived to a ripe old age, his death occurring August, 1865: his wife had preceded him to her final rest. Our subject was only 6 years old when he came to this township with his parents; pioneers as they were, he grew up inured to the privations and hardships incident to such a life ; he knows what hard work is, and what living " under difficulties " means; he remained at home contributing his labor to the subsistence of the family and clearing of the farm till he was of age: at this age the entered the course of life on his own account he first hired to David Puterbaugh for six months as a farm laborer ; for the subsequent two years be was employed by Hezekiah Veitz, of Neave Township the first one and one-half months he received $8 per month; for the next four and one-half months he got 86 per month for the next year he received $100; at the end of eighteen months, he found that he had lost only one day. For the next three months, he received Sill per month. At the cud of this time. September 4, 1834, he celebrated his first marriage with Miss Lucy Chapman. He was only permitted to live with her sixteen years and two days. when death claimed her as his victim, September 6, 1850. After his marriage he moved on the place where he now lives, having previously purchased and erected a cabin on it. In this he set out on the course of life with his companion. His first household furniture he manufactured himself with an ax and auger. Wishing to go into the manufacture of maple sugar. he purchased an auger on credit. with which to tap the trees, and paid for it by an entire nights work over his kettles. making sugar. This illustrates the extreme poverty of the early pioneers. In front of Mr. Ross' house stands an apple orchard of twenty-two trees. thrifty and productive, which he planted with his own hands. forty-five years ago. He was united in marriage the second time, October 16. 1851. to Mrs. Rebecca Furrow. Seven children were the fruits of the first union, three of whom an: deceased, and six of the second union, three of whom are also deceased. He has been a consistent member of the U. B. Church for more than half a century. and lives an exemplary life. His first wife was also a member, and died in the triumphs of her faith. His present wife is also a faithful member of the same church.

ISAAC M. ROSS, farmer ; P. 0. German, Ohio. Mr. Ross is one of the promising young farmers of German Township ; he was born on the place where he now resides, in 1841 ; his early life was that of a farmer-boy, his summers being given to farm duties, and his winter months spent in the common school in the summer of 1861, he gave his services for the preservation of the Union. enlisting in the 44th 0. V. I.; he remained in this service until the close of the war, and participated in the following hard-fought battles, besides numerous skirmishes : Lewisburg, Va., under command of Gen. Crook ; Charlestown. W. Va.; surrender of Cumberland Gap, where 1,400 regulars, with about as many militia. accomplished the remarkable feat of capturing 2,600 rebels he next participated in the thirty days' siege of Knoxville, Tenn., and then at the battle of Rutledge : at Strawberry Plains, Tenn.. he re-enlisted, and was transferred to the 8th 0. V. C., under Hunter's command ; be was then in Hunter's campaign in the Shenandoah ; participated in the two days' fight at Lynchburg, the 17th and 18th of June. 1864. This regiment covered Hunter's retreat from Lynchburg to Liberty. at which place they were used as a "forlorn hope for Hunter's army." In this campaign his regiment suffered severely, leaving about one-fourth of their men on the field of battle, and the rest, with the exception of about fifty-, being wounded more or less severely. He received two slight wounds, one in the face and one in the head ; retreated to Beverly, where they remained during the winter, participating in a severe engagement on the 29th of November ; on the 11th of January, his brigade was captured, he being taken and retaken five times during the conflict, and finally escaping; he scouted around in West Virginia until August, 1865, when he was honorably discharged with' his regiment, having served over four years ; he returned to his present place, where he has since been successfully engaged in farming ; he has a fine farm, well improved, and everything indicates

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thrift and industry. He celebrated his marriage March, 1867, with Miss Ida Peden, of Hollandsburg. Mr. and Mrs. Ross are the parents of two children, aged 8 and 10, respectively.

A. B. RUSH, physician ; P. 0. German. Dr. Rush descended from a distinguished family of early pioneers in this country ; was born in Harrison Township, on the 19th of January, 1842 ; his paternal ancestors were German, and his maternal, English. His father, John R., was born in Bath Co., Va., near Hot Springs. the 3d of June, 1798: his paternal grandfather, Dr. John Rush, was also a native of Virginia, and a near relative of the celebrated Dr. Benjamin Rush, under whom he received his first medical instructions, and to whose valuable library he had access. Dr. Rush emigrated to Ohio on or about the year 1800, and settled in Pickaway Co., on Big Darby Creek, where he followed successfully his profession : in 1816, he came to this county and located in Harrison Township. just west of the present site of New Madison ; an injury received from a falling limb, soon alter coming here, prevented the discharge of his professional duties ever after ; his first wife deceased in Pickaway Co.; he was married to his second wife after coming here. John R., father of our subject, was 18 years old when he came to this county. and knew what pioneer life was ; his early life was that of a prentice boy, passed upon the farm ; he was united in marriage, April 13,1824, to Miss Elizabeth W. Hill ; she was born in York District, South Carolina, November. 1788 ; she emigrated to the county with her parents in 1817 ; Mr. Rush's life was spent upon a farm ; his death occurred the 28th of January, 1863 ; his devoted wife survived him till April 4, 1871 : thus we chronicle the departure of two more of the advance couriers of civilization, who pioneered their way into the untrodden wilds of this country, near the beginning of the present century. Dr. Rush, our subject, passed his early life on a farm ; his early education was somewhat limited, but later he devoted himself assiduously to the acquisition of knowledge, giving his attention chiefly to the study of medicine ; he quite soon in life became proficient in this department of knowledge and entered upon the duties of his profession ; in the year 1878 he graduated from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati ; he located where he now resides in 1871, and by careful attention to business has a large and lucrative practice : his marriage with Miss Smelker was celebrated Dec. 7, 1866: she is a daughter of Jacob H. and Christina Smelker. both natives of Germany ; Jacob H. Smelker was born in Eppingen, State of Baden, Germany, Aug. 9, 1800 ; he emigrated to America in 1819, leaving Germany the 13th of May, and landing in Baltimore, d., the 1st day of the following August ; on arriving in Baltimore. he found himself in possession of 5 cents in Low Dutch money, and no demand for labor in his line of work ; his penury would not permit him to waste much time in search of employment, so he took at once to the country and engaged himself to George Fank, a farmer, as a farm laborer ; at the end of one year, he found his way to Fredericksburg, where he halted for a period of three years, engaging, in the meantime. with various parties as a farm laborer ; his marriage with Miss Christina Penner was celebrated at this latter place ; he soon took up his journey westward, landing in Cincinnati May 21, 1824, from where he plied his way direct to Germantown, Montgomery Co. ; from there he moved on a farm just south of Louisburg, Preble Co.; after some years, he moved to this township and has resided here since ; Mrs. Smelkers decease occurred the 15th day of February, 1850 ; fourteen children, forty grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren have been born to them ; his children are as follows : Born in Preble Co., George, July 17. 1824 ; Jacob, July 20, 1825 ; Sophia, April 22, 1827 ; William. Sept. 14, 1828 ; Eli, Jan. 9, 1830 ; John, Jan. 15, 1831 ; Henry, Jan. 21, 1832 ; David, Nov. 21, 1834 t born in Darke Co., Daniel, Sept. 11, 1836 ; Sarah, April 13. 1838 ; Elizabeth, Aug. 22,1841 ; Catherine, May 10, 1844 ; Anna. Feb. 14, 1846 ; one deceased in Infancy ; Dr. and Mrs. Rush are the parents of three children.

C. C. SATER. physician ; P. 0. German ; the subject of this memoir is a

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native of Indiana. and was born October, 1843. near Boookville he is a son hi' Ephraim S., who emigrated to Indiana in 1840 : here he remained till his death, which occurred in 1854 : his wife still survives hint. and is in the enjoyment or good health Our subject's early life was spent on a farm. his summer months devoted to the duties of farm hie. and his winter months to the acquisition of knowledge in the common school; he thus obtained a good common-school education ; in the spring of 1861. having accumulated by his industry and economy. some money he entered Liber College. Indiana. as a student : after spending about three months at this place. retained Pink. and volunteered his services for the defense of his country. On the of July. he enlisted in the 19th I. V. I. at Richmond. Ind.. Col. Solomon Meredith commandant. and on the 29th was mustered into service at Indianapolis ; the regiment was soon ordered to Washington. D. C., where it remained till the following spring, enraged in guard duty constructing forts, etc. ; the spring and summer of 1852 were spent between Washington and Richmond. under command of Gen. McDowell : in the dill. he participated in Pope's campaign, which terminated in the second Bull Bun battle : the regiment was now transferred to the command of Gen. McClellan. and engaged in the hard-fought kitties of South Mountain and Antietam ; the next battle he participated in was at Fredericksburg, Va., Gen. Burnside. commander ; at the beginning of this engagement, his regiment made a brilliant and successful charge in open position across the Rappahannock to dislodge the enemies on the opposite side dating from this he was promoted to Sergeant's rank ; he next participated in the hard-fought battle of Chancellorsville, under command of lien. Joseph Hooker: on the 1st of July, 1863, he was engaged in the decisive battle of Gettysburg. Penn. and while at his post of duty was severely wounded in right arm and shoulder this disabled him from any more active service, and he was placed in the hospital at Portsmouth Grove, R. I. ; here he remained till the expiration of his term of service, which occurred on the 29th of July. 1864, when he was honorably discharged from the service of the United States. He then came to Darke County, and was soon engaged as clerk in dry-goods store at Wiley's Station , he remained here two years, and then turned his attention to the art of telegraphing not liking this occupation, he next gave his time to the study of medicine, receiving his instructions under the directions of the Drs. Matchett he attended lectures at the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, graduating in the spring of 1872. He first located and engaged in the practice of his profession in Sandusky County ; he next formed a partnership with Dr. Ballard, of Arcanum, which lasted one year, when he formed a partnership with Dr. Matchett„ of Greenville ; he was subsequently located for two years at New Paris, Preble County, from which place he came to Palestine Oct. 1, 1877, where he has been engaged in practice since, discharging his professional duties with commendable zeal and success. In 1872, he was united in marriage with Miss Helen McCaughy, then engaged in teaching in Greenville. Dr. Sater identified himself with the Presbyterian Church of Greenville in 1878, and is a member of the Greenville Lodge, F. & A. M. Mr. and Mrs. Sater are the parents of two children, one deceased.

I. Q. SINKS. farmer ; P. 0. German. The subject of this memoir was born in April, 1829, about twelve miles northwest of Dayton, in Montgomery Co.; he is the son of Andrew Sinks, a native of North Carolina, who emigrated to Ohio with his parents previous to the beginning of the present century, and settled north of Dayton, on the Stillwater ; this was then on the frontier of civilization, and his family constituted one of the first in the neighborhood ; he was about two years old when he arrived there ; he was raised on a farm and accustomed to its duties ; this occupation he followed all his life, living upon the same farm where he first located until his death, which occurred at the ripe old age of 87 years. He was married to Miss Yount, who was also a native of North Carolina, and emigrated to Ohio in about 1800 ; she survived her husband about three years, when her death occurred at the ripe old age of 84 years. Mr. and Mrs. Sinks were the

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parents of twelve children. ten sons and two daughters. nine d' whom are still living. Our subject is next to the youngest of the family he was brought up on a farm, and remained at home until he attained his majority ; at this period he celebrated his marriage with Miss Williamson, who was also born in Montgomery Co.; her father was a native of Virginia. and her mother a native of Warren Co., Ohio. Soon after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Sinks. they moved to their present place. and have resided here ever since, a period of twenty-seven years ; they are the parents of seven children—Sarah S., born Dee. 1, 1851 ; Oliver P., born April 29. 1853 ; Noah W.. born April 3. 1855: Emma J., born Jan. 28, 1857, deceased Nov. 11. 1858 ; Leona, born March 20. 1858. deceased Oct. 6, 1 879 ; Clarrissa, born May 13, 1860; Loretta. born April 16. 1862.

WILLIAM H. SETTLE, farmer, P. 0. German. Mr. Settle is a native of North Carolina, was born in Rockingham Co., Feb. 5, 1840 ; he is the son of Josiah and Nancy Settle, both natives of North Carolina ; Mr. Settle was principally raised upon a farm ; at the age of ti he was taken to Mississippi by his parents ; in 1855, he emigrated to Ohio with his parents, settling first in Hamilton, Butler Co. During the late civil war, he was engaged most of the time on a boat on the rivers Mississippi, Missouri and White, principally as a Government employe; in 1866. he returned to Butler Co., and engaged in farming, which occupation he has followed with marked success ever since. He was united in marriage, in Cincinnati, March 15, 1869, to Miss Josie Triplet ; she was born and raised in that city. Immediately after his marriage, he moved to his present place, having previously purchased the farm, which consists of 160 acres. He is a self-made man ; beginning with almost nothing, he has, by his own exertions, put himself in possession of a large fertile and well-improved farm, They are the parents of six children. two of whom have been removed from the family circle by death.

WILLIAM SPENCER, farmer ; P. 0. Hollandsburg. Mr. Spencer is another of the early pioneers of this county ; he was born in Greene Co., Ohio, Oct. 12. 1812 ; he is of English descent, and is the son of Francis Spencer, who was a native of Kentucky ; he emigrated to Ohio when quite young, and located in Greene Co.. previous to the war of 1812 ; he served in this struggle for a short period as a soldier ; his father was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was severely wounded by a shot fired by an Indian ; Francis Spencer emigrated to this county in the spring of 1817, and located in the southwest quarter of Sec. 3, in Harrison Township. But few civilized men had then penetrated the untrodden wilds of our country and Mr. Spencer constituted one of the van couriers of civilization : he moved with his family, first into a log cabin, mother earth constituting the floor : here he began carving for himself a home in the dense forests, which was soon accomplished by his unflagging industry. He celebrated his marriage with Miss Sarah Spencer. about the beginning of the present century ; she was also a native of Kentucky ; they were the parents of eleven children, to wit : Elizabeth. born Nov. 23, 1802, now deceased ; Delilah, born Feb. 26, 1804, now deceased ; Anderson. born Jan. 28. 1806 ; Ludlow, born Dec. 3,1808, now deceased ; Eliza, Dec. 3, 1810 William, born Oct 12, 1812 ; Clark, born May 31, 1814, now deceased ; Anna. born Aug. 14. 1816 ; Jackson, born Nov. 22, 1818 ; Sarah, born April 17, 1822; Mark T.. Dee. 31. 1927, now deceased. Mrs. Spencer departed her life at the age of 72 years ; Spencer lived to the ripe old age of 90 years, his death occurring Aug, 14. 1874 ; thus departed from their privations below, two more of the pioneers of this county. Our subject was only 5 years old when he came with his parents to this county ; his early days were devoted to such work as the frontiersman usually finds to do ; he thus became early inured to pioneer life ; he remained at home on the farm till he grew up to mature years. He was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Irwin, in 1831 ; she was born in Pennsylvania, and emigrated to this State with her parents when quite small, locating first in Greene Co. ; after the marriage of Mr. Spencer, he moved to the place where he now lives, and

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engaged in agricultural pursuits ; Mr. and Mrs, Spencer are the parents of eleven children, four of whom have deceased ; his son, Irwin, engages during the winter months in the profession of teaching.

BARNEY TEAFORD, fanner ; P. 0. German. The subject of this sketch was born February 3, 1825; near the place where he now resides. He is the son of George Teaford, a history of whose life appears in Jonathan Teaford's sketch. He remained on the homestead with his parents until he was 33 years of age. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits up to this time. and after he arrived at maturity with his twin brother Jonathan. Beginning when the country was comparatively new, he knows what hard work is. He celebrated his marriage March 20, 1859, with Miss Margaret Stapleton. She is a native of Indiana. born in Wayne Co., November 13, 1838. At the age of about 6 years. she came to this county with her parents. Her paternal grandfather was 'n early pioneer of the county. He settled four miles below Hollandsburg, in Harrison Township, in an early day. Mr. Teaford. after his marriage, moved to the place where he now resides, and where he has ever since lived. We see, in his large, well-improved farms and fine residence, industry and frugality richly rewarded. Mr. and Mrs. Teaford are the parents of seven children, four of whom deaths messenger has visited and consigned to the silent tomb. Their names are as follows : Jonathan. born March 8, 1860 ; departed this life October 29, 1962. Norman, born March 24, 1861. Infant son. born April 15. 1862. died the same day. Oscar, born June 30, 1864, departed this life. Sept. 25. 1866: Samuel. born July 20, 1867 ; Charles born Nov. 18, 1870, departed this life June 25, 1871 ; Flora, Alice, born May 10, 1874.

JONATHAN TEAFORD, farmer ; P. 0. German, The gentleman whose name heads this sketch is one of the large farmers of German Township ; he was born Feb. 3, 1825, near the place where he now resides ; is the son of George Tea- ford, one of the early pioneers of this township. Mr. Teaford. Sr.. was born in Augusta Co., Va., and when quite young emigrated to Fairfield Co., Ohio : here be remained several years, engaged as a laborer upon a farm : he emigrated to German Township with the Ketrings, who constituted one of the first families in the township ; he found this country then almost untouched by the hand of civilization; the "sons of the bow and arrow still lingered around, and wild game was abundant. April 6, 1820, he celebrated his marriage with Miss Magdalena Ketring ; she was also one of the early pioneers of the township, and a native of Pennsylvania. Shortly after his marriage, he moved to the place where the subject of this sketch now resides, his father-in-law having previously bequeathed him the land, then all in the woods ; here he erected a cabin and resided till a few years before his death, when he took up his abode with his son Barney. Mr. and Mrs. George Teaford were the parents of twelve children, as follows : Jacob, born Feb. 10, 1821, deceased September, 1826 ; Rebecca. born Feb. 1. 1822, deceased, October, 1825; George, born Sept. 24, 1823; Jonathan and Barney, twins, Feb. 3. 1825; Hester, July 26, 1827; Elizabeth, Oct. 23, 1828; Amelia, March 28, 1830 Sarah, Feb. 18, 1832; Susannah, born March 12, 1835, deceased, December. 1838 : David, born Sept, 28, 1836, deceased Aug. 5, 1838; Aaron, born June 16, 1838, deceased June 24, 1839. Mrs. Teaford departed this life Feb, 13. 1861 ; her husband survived her till Jan. 29, 1874, when his death occurred. Thus we record the death of two more of the early pioneers of German Township. who passed away leaving a large circle of acquaintances and a large family to mourn their loss. Mr. Jonathan Teaford was raised a farmer, and early became accustomed to its arduous duties ; he remained at home assisting on the farm till he grew up to years of maturity ; he then, with his twin brother, engaged in farming on rented land ; they formed a partnership thus early in life, which existed till a few years ago, when the property, consisting of several large farms, which were jointly held and managed by them, was divided. Our subject was united in marriage with Miss Sophia Smelker March 8, 1848 ; she was born in Preble Co., Ohio, and at the

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age of about 6 years she came to this county with her parents. (Her parents receive notice under the sketch of A. B. Rush.) After the marriage of Mr. Teaford. be rented a farm about one mile east of where he now lives, and farmed it about six years. he then, in connection with his brother. purchased 80 acres of land just west of his present place ; by their habits of industry, they added farm after farm to their possessions, till they owned a half-section of land in one body : they then made a division. each taking a quarter-section; since then. he has added other farms to his possessions, and has them all well improved : he has one of the finest brick residences in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Teaford arc the parents of ten children, seven of whom are living.

J. B. TENNELL. physician, German ; was born near the city of Lexington. Ky., Nov. 20, 1833 ; his paternal and maternal grandparents came from Scotland in an early day and settled in Virginia ; remaining there a few years, they removed to Jessamine County. Ky.. where Joseph Tennell, the Doctor's father, was born in the year 1796. Our subject, Buford, as he was called when a boy, was the youngest of a family of ten children. His mother died when he was 2 years old, and a step-mother died some eight years later. From that time on, he lived among strangers. strugged with poverty and fought the battle of life on his own hook— working on a farm for 25 cents a day during the summer and fall, and attending school through the winter. When 15 years of age, he came to Franklin, Ind., and attended a select school for one year ; then entered the Franklin College, and continued his studies there for about four years, teaching a district school three terms to secure means to pay his board and expenses. He then commenced and read medicine for three years as a pupil under old Dr. Mackey. Attended medical lectures in the Allopathic Department of Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1855-56. After practicing some three years, he was persuaded to abandon medicine and enter the ministry, which he did, and spent three years as a traveling minister in the U. B. Church. Not being fully satisfied, he decided to return to the business which he had spent so much of his time in order to qualify himself to follow. Before resuming practice, he attended another course of medical lectures at Cincinnati. Ohio, receiving therefrom the degree of M. D. Since then he has been actively engaged in his profession in the counties of Union, Randolph and Howard, Ind. Five years ago. on account of good roads, he located at Palestine, in this county, where he has a nice residence, and has a large and lucrative practice. The Doctor is a large, portly man, weighing two hundred pounds, is well preserved, and has never used tobacco in any form, nor ardent spirits as a beverage. His life is a practical demonstration that any young man of mind and energy can succeed, if they determine to do so.

S. S. THOMAS, farmer ; P. 0. Hollandsburg, Ohio. The subject of this memoir is an early settler and prominent citizen of this township ; he was born July 30. 1828, near the place where he now resides : he is of Welsh descent, and the son of Charles W. Thomas, one of the pioneers of this township ; he was born in Maryland, and emigrated to Ohio when quite young (notice last of sketch) ; he settled first in Greene Co., where he celebrated his marriage with Miss Mercy Sackett ; she was born in North Carolina and emigrated to Greene Co. with her parents about the beginning of the present century ; her father, Cyrus Sackett, was a soldier in the great struggle for American independence ; he celebrated his marriage with Mrs. Sackett in 1792. Mr. Charles Thomas came to this county about 1826 and located on land previously entered by his father, Daniel Thomas, Sec. 31, in German Township; he found it then covered with the mantle of nature, and the country a vast wilderness ; at that time it required nerve and courage to begin life there ; this, however, was not wanting with Mr. Thomas, and the wilderness was soon made to " blossom as the rose ; " he lived on this place till 1864, when he disposed of it and moved into Hollandsburg ; while on a visit to Greene Co., he was taken sick with fever from which he never recovered ; his death occurred Sept. 1, 1872, at the age of 74 years 8 months and 4 days ; his devoted

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wife preceded him to her final rest several years, her death occurring June 29, 1859. Mr. and Mrs. T. were faithful members of the M. E. Church. and their lives were examples of Christian piety and virtue ; nine children. four sons and five daughters were born to them, all of whom are still living. Our subject's youthful days were passed upon the farm ; at the age of IS. he was apprenticed to the " cabinet trade," and served a term of two years he then engaged at journey-work in Richmond, Ind., for a period of five years ; at the end of this time. he purchased a cabinet-shop in Palestine, which he controlled about one year and disposed of it, moving to the place where he now resides. He was united in marriage with Miss Caroline Berry April 29, 1855: she was born in Hamilton, Butler Co.. Jan. 15, 1837, and came to this county with her parents in 1838, locating where she now lives, in Sec. 32 ; her father, Thomas Berry, was a native of Virginia. and emigrated to this State when a young man ; he was married to Betsey Randolph. a native of Butler Co., Ohio ; his death occurred Sept. 3. 1839 ; his wife survived him till Aug. 4, 1851, when her death occurred ; she had previously united in marriage with Mr. William Freeman Mr. and .Mrs. Berry were both zealous members of the M. E. Church. and passed peacefully to rest when their life's work was ended, lamented by all who knew them. Mr. Thomas is one of those who left the comforts of home and endured the perils of the battle-field for the preservation of the Union ; he enlisted in the Eighth Ohio Battery early in the spring of 1364. and participated in the battles of Black River Bridge and Yazoo City ; he was honorably discharged with the regiment at Camp Dennison. Aug. 5, 1865; in politics, Mr. Thomas is a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas are the parents of ten children, three of whom died when quite young ; two sons and five daughters are still living ; one daughter. Ellen, was united in marriage, Nov. 8, 1871, with G. W. Hill, son of R. L. Hill. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas are consistent members of the M. E. Church. Charles W. Thomas was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was stationed at Fort Meigs most of the time during the period of his service.

WILLIAM WADE, farmer ; P. 0. German, Ohio. William Wade, one of the few remaining early pioneers of this county, was born Nov. 9. 1818. on the southeast quarter of Sec. 13, in Harrison Township. where the south part of New Madison now stands ; he is of English descent, and the son of William Wade, Sr., who was born in Maryland ; he emigrated to Ohio previous to the war of 1812, and located first in Preble Co.. and from there he went to Harrison Township in 1818, settling on the place on which our subject was born ; he then constituted one of the first settlers in that township ; he departed this life at the age of 61 years, his wife surviving him several years, when her death occurred in Wayne Co., Ind. Both were buried in the cemetery at New Madison. Oar subject's boyhood days did not differ much from those of most of the pioneer boys ; he shared in the trials and difficulties incident to frontier life ; his father being an invalid. the management of the farm early fell to his charge ; this duty he discharged successfully until he reached the age of 24. The meagerness of educational advantages at that day, together with the duties of the farm. which early devolved upon him, rendered his education, so far as books were concerned, much limited ; just previous to leaving the homestead. July 23, 1842, he celebrated his marriage with Miss Susannah Ross ; she is the daughter of Nathaniel Ross, one of the early pioneers of the township ; he settled here February, 1819, and in the following August, Mrs. Wade was born ; she has witnessed all the changes in this section of country, from the thickets of the forest to the waving grain-fields of to-day. Soon after Mr. Ward's marriage, he moved to Neave Township. locating on a farm which he had previously purchased of Reuben Lowry : at the end of four years, he disposed of this farm and purchased and moved on the one on which he now resides : he has resided here ever since, a period of thirty years. Mr. Wade has risen by his own exertions to a place among the foremost farmers of his section of country. Mr. and Mrs. Wade are the parents of one child, a daughter. Mary, born Oct. 15. 1843 ; she was united in marriage to Charles W. Sentmen July 19. 1867 ; she

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departed her life Nov. 18. 1874: her life was short, though complete ; her work was finished and she passed peacefully away. leaving a large circle of acquaintances, a kind father and mother, a husband and two loving daughters, to mourn her departure and revere her memory : she was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church until death. and lived in the discharge of her Christian ditties ; in her death. society lost a useful member. Mr. and Mrs. Wade take a great interest in the cause of religion, both being consistent members of the United Brethren Church, and living exemplary- lives.

JACOB F. WARE. farmer : P. O. German. Mr. Ware is another of the early settlers and prominent citizens of German Township : he is paternally of German and maternally of English descent, and comes of Revolutionary stock ; he was born Dec. 13, 1819. in !treble Co.. Ohio. and is the son of John Ware, who was a native of Tennessee, being born there Feb. 11. 1785 ; he emigrated to Ohio in 1810 and located in Montgomery County, on Stillwater ; from there he shortly moved to Preble County. locating near West Alexandria, in the vicinity of which he remained till his death. a period of sixty-two years ; he was a soldier of the war of 1812, and shared in the privations and hardships of that struggle ; he was under Gen. Harrison's command. and was present at the celebrated treaty of Ft. Greenville, in 1814; his father was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. and served for seven years in that great struggle for freedom. John Ware, by his services in the war of 1812, was entitled to a land-warrant of 160 acres, which he located where our subject now resides this warrant was given under James Monroe. Mr. Ware, the subject of this sketch, was reared a farmer boy, and remained at home assisting in duties of the farm till he was 21 years of age ; at this time, he engaged at the carpenter trade. which he followed about six years, when he moved to the place where he now resides and turned his attention to farming ; he celebrated his marriage in 1844, with Miss M. Catherine Rittenour she was born in Virginia, and emigrated to Ohio with her parents when only 7 years old, settling near New Madison, Harrison Township ; on the 16th of February. 1879, the messenger of death entered Mr. Ware's home and took from it his devoted wife ; her life's work ended. her duties dime. she passed peacefully away. leaving a kind and affectionate husband and fair loving children to mourn her departure and revere her memory ; Mrs. Ware was a faithful member of the church for twenty-two years before she died, and in her death the church lost a useful member and the community a valuable citizen. Mr. Ware is one of the self-made men of this county ; when he moved to the place where he now resides. in 1848. he found it all in the woods, the underbrush so thick that he had to grub a place for the horses to lie down the first right; here he began in a log cabin, surrounded on every side by dense forests. on a small piece of land bequeathed him by his father ; the outlook was by no means flattering, but with that indomitable energy which served him well then, and has been his guiding genius ever since, being ably assisted by his noble wife. he soon carved for himself a farm and beautiful home out of the wilderness ; by habits of industry awl economy he has added to the first possession till he now has a fine fertile farm of 244 acres under excellent improvement ; he made and used perhaps the first jumping-shovel plow anywhere in that vicinity ; with this plow he has prepared ground in the green upon which he has raised sixty bushels of corn per acre. Mr. and Mrs. Ware are the parents of five children, one of whom has died : three of the others are married, and one, a son, still remains at home. Mr. Ware is no aspirant for office ; having been repeatedly tendered important offices of trust. he has always refused to accept ; be lives an exemplary life and formerly held his connections with the United Brethren denomination.

WILLIAM H. WARNER, fanner ; P. 0. German. The subject of this memoir was born in Neave Township March 8, 1849 ; he is of English descent, and the son of Henry W.. who was born in Montgomery Co., November 1819 ; he was a farmer by occupation from his boyhood days till his death ; he was united in marriage to Miss Lotta Williamson, in 1846; she was also a native of Montgomery

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County ; after their marriage, Mr. W. engaged in farming in above county till 1857, with the exception of one year. when they lived in Neave township, in this county ; at above date he came to German Township and located on land in Sec. 13 ; here he lived until his death, which occurred in April. 1874 ; his wife preceded him to her final rest about six years. her decease occurring in February. 1808 ; they had seven children born to them. to wit : Amanda, deceased in infancy ; Almira, William H., George ( deceased ), Lorenzo, Franklin and Emma. Our subject was brought up on a farm, and remained at home till he grew to maturity. He celebrated his nuptials with MissSarah Flory in October 1873 she was the daughter of Emanuel Flory. whose biography we subtend to this ; after the marriage of Mr. Warner he moved on his father-in-law's place, which he has since been farming. April 8, 1878. he was called upon to mourn the loss of his devoted wife. Her life was short. but full of usefulness, and her death was lamented by all who knew her. Two children, sons. were born to them, Andrew J. and Horatio. Mr. Warner is in politics a Democrat. Emanuel Flory was an early settler of this township ; he was born in Montgomery County, ,Jan. 12, 1810 and is the son of Emanuel F., Sr.. a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1776 ; he emigrated to Ohio in July, 1806, locating on Wolf Creek, Montgomery County; he was a farmer by occupation. He was married to Miss Sarah Kaga some years before coming to Ohio ; the 17th of March, 1834, he came with his family to Darke County, locating on Sec. 12. where Emanuel P.. Jr.. now resides ; some three or four years previous to this he came out and erected a water-power saw-mill. West Branch, the first in that locality. Mrs. Flory died in 1822. Nine children were born to this union. only three of whom are yet living. Mr. F. consummated his second marriage with Mrs. Royer, who died in September. 1853, she having survived her husband about four years, his death occurring March 9, I Sin. Emanuel F., Jr., was reared on a farm, after coming to this county with his parents. he engaged on his father's saw-mill for a period of about five years : since then he has lived on and farmed, till a few years ago, the homestead which he purchased : he was married to Miss Waggerman in 1852, who was born near Brookville. Montgomery County, in 1816 ; she departed this life Jan. 15, 1872 ; during life she was a faithful member of the German Baptist Church. Mr. Flory has been a consistent member of the same church for nearly half a century, and is living an exemplary life.

JAMES WILLCOX, farmer ; P. 0. German ; the subject of this memoir was born in Germantown, Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1817 ; he is the son of James Willcox, Sr., and Elizabeth (Kester) Willcox ; James Willcox, Sr., was born in the State of New York, on the Mohawk River, near the site of "Stillwater n battlefield ; his father was a soldier in the great struggle for American independence and participated in the above battle ; James Willcox was a shoemaker by occupation, and at one time 'worked in Stephen Girard's shop, in Philadelphia ; while here he made for Henry Clay the pair of boots which he wore to the Treaty of Ghent," the boots costing $40 ; he emigrated to Ohio in 1815, landing at Cincinnati with 50 cents in his pocket, and all his earthly possessions tied up in a silk handkerchief ; from there he pushed his way northward, and finally came to a halt in Germantown, Montgomery County ; here he engaged at his occupation for five or six years, and then moved to Preble County, where he added to his trade farming ; from there he came to this county, March IS, 1839, and located in German Township, on land which he had previously purchased near the present town of Palestine ; here he engaged in farming and sawmilling. He was married soon after coming to this State, to Miss Elizabeth Kester, a native of Lancaster County, Pent ; she came to Ohio with her parents when quite small, Mr. and Mrs. Willcox were the parents of thirteen children, five of whom have deceased ; the living are as follows : James (our subject). John. Charles, David, Phebe A., William, Elizabeth and Elijah ; the deceased are Lavina, Memlius, Levi, Jeremiah and Mary J. Mrs. Willcox departed this life October. 1855, and

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Mr. Willcox the 4th of February. 1556 ; by their deaths the community lost useful citizens and the family affectionate parents. Our subject was raised to farm labor, assisting his father in farming till he attained his majority, attending the common schools during winter months ; he emigrated to this county with his parents in 1539 ; at the end of one year he went to Butler County. and engaged for a time at wood-chopping ; while here he accidentally discovered that he could put up a harm! about as good as an experienced cooper. and accepted a proposition from a professional cooper to engage in the business ; he made 430 barrels, averaging night barrels per day as his first work ; he remained in Butler County altogether about three years. and then returned to this county, engaging in saw-milling for the next eighteen years continuously and successfully ; he then purchased and moved to the place where he now resides, which consists of 160 acres, the most of which he has cleared and placed in its present highly improved condition. Ile has been married twice : his first marriage was consummated with Miss Sarah .1. Clendenine in June. 1841 ; she died five months after their marriage ; his second marriage was celebrated, June 8. 1848, with Miss Elizabeth Ketring, a sketch of whose parents occurs in the biographies of this township ; she was born in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Willcox are the parents of nine children, three of whom are married : Signorette L., born Feb. 28. 1849 ; Alice E., Jan. 8, 1851 ; Marquis L., Aug. 7, 1853 ; Mary F., April 5, 1855. deceased Feb. 25, 1856 ; Percival F., May 5, 1857 ; Isaac N., May 3, 1859 ; David M., June 15, 1862 ; Joseph S., Dec. 27, 1864; Charles Sumner, April 12, 1861 ; Martha E., June 16, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Willcox take a great interest in the cause of religion, both being consistent members of the Christian Church of Palestine.

JESSE WOODS, farmer ; P. O. German. The subject of this sketch is one of the prominent citizens of Darke County, and a pioneer of German Township ; he was corn in Virginia in 1818. and was only 2 years old when he came to this township with his parents in 1821 ; he is of English descent, his father, James Woods, was born in St. James' Park, London, May 25, 1767, and died at his son's, near Palestine, on the 21st day of August, 1869. aged 102 years 2 months and 26 days ; his remains were laid to rest in the beautiful Palestine Cemetery, and a marble monument is reared over his grave. At the time of his birth St. James' Park was three, miles out of the city. but since then the city has grown around it ; he followed sea life as a sailor for about twenty years ; he emigrated to America somewhere about the beginning of the present century, and settled in Virginia ; in 1821, he took up his journey westward, with his family, and settled in this county, in German Township. where his son Jesse now lives ; on this place he spent the remainder of his eventful life ; his marriage was celebrated in Virginia ; he was the father of eight children. Jesse Woods, our subject, knows what pioneer life is ; he has shared in the trials and triumphs incident to such a life ; he has witnessed the changes wrought in this country for over one-half century, and has applied himself persistently and vigorously to develop its present vast resources ; his duties in his youth were those of a pioneer farmer boy ; his early education, so far as book knowledge is concerned, was necessarily limited, as opportunities in this direction were meager, and his time and labor principally demanded on the farm; vivid to his recollection is the appearance of the first schoolhouse which he attended ; it was a " fac-simile." of the pioneer schoolhouse—the progeny of necessity, not the sound of a nail was heard in its construction, nor a glass window seen in it after its completion ; his first teacher was William R. Jones, the first pedagogue in the township; he kept the characteristic " land school " of the backwoods, and his plans of punishing unruly scholars would appear as odd to-day as his methods of teaching. Mr. Woods was married in 1844, to Miss Anna Stevens ; she is the daughter of David Stevens ; he was born in Pennsylvania Oct. 31, 1792, and died Jan. 8, 1879 ; he was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was one of a. number who were detailed to carry provisions from Ft. Nesbit to the Kentucky soldiers, who were on the retreat from Muncie to Ft. Greenville ; they proceeded

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under a forced march through the wilderness, and snow knee-deep, to the relief of the brave Kentuckians. After the marriage of our subject, he remained upon the place where he was reared, and continued agricultural pursuits ; through his energy and good business habits, he has been eminently successful in life ; he is no political aspirant, but a few years ago was elected to the office of County Commissioner. in which capacity he served three years, discharging its ditties with fidelity and satisfaction to his constituents ; he positively abhors political trickery and official corruption of all kinds, and is a strong advocate of and adherent to honesty and integrity. Mr. and Mrs. Woods are the parents of thirteen children, eight of whom are still living,