362 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. CHAPTER XII.* (RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) DELAWARE CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS-THE UNIVERSITY-MONNETT HALL-OHIO BUSINESS COLLEGE. "Tis education forms the common mind." The early settlers in Delaware were mostly from the New England States, and were generally educated and intelligent. They appreciated the value of education for their children ; but they were poor, and the schoolmaster hall not yet followed them to the wilderness. Accordingly, what book-learning the children of the first generation got, was imparted to them by the parents in the long winter evenings. Sometimes, when families were close neighbors, the children, and even the older folks, would unite in these exercises. under the instruction of the best scholar of the neighborhood. Such for a number of years, from 1808, was the educational status of the community. After the village became large enough to have day schools. and until the school law of 1825, the schools were subscription schools, and were held in private houses. During this time there were still but few professional teachers. The office was mostly held by some middle-aged person who had the physical as well as the intellectual, ability thought to be necessary for this work. The first teacher whose name has been retained. arid perhaps the first actually employed; was Pelatiah Morgan He is represented as a than of sufficient scholarship, but of intemperate habits, and of harsh discipline. His school dated from 1815, and continued at intervals for several years; but. being a private school, "the record of its alumni is lost." About the year 1817, Mr. Russell E. Post had a private school in a building on Winter street, a short distance west of Sandusky. Nothing further is related of this school. In 1821 Mr. James B. Weaver was the only teacher in Delaware. He was a man of middle age and married, and had probably taught before coming to Delaware. His first schoolroom was in the upper story of a house belonging to the Rev. Jacob Drake, where now stands the Reid and Powell block, but he soon removed to the upper story of a building on the site of the city hall Mr. Weaver was a man of violent impulses, and it one of his passionate moments fatally injured a * Contributed by Prof. William G. Williams. little pupil in his school. No prosecution followed, but the act broke up the school, and drove the teacher from his profession and from the town. In 1823, he was succeeded at the same place by Capt. Elias Murray, the son-in-law of Col. Moses Byxbe, original proprietor of the town. Capt. Murray was also a middle-aged man, but of kind feelings, and as indulgent in his discipline as his predecessor had been morose and rigid. About the same date there was an instance of private tutorship that deserves mention. The tutor was John A. Quitman, then a young clerk in the United States Land Office, at Delaware. His pupils were the children of Platt Brush, Esq., an eccentric old gentleman, his superior in office. Mr. Quitman subsequently went South. studied late, and became noted as a politician ; and was afterward a distinguished General in the Mexican War and then Governor of Mississippi. In 1821, Miss Sophia Moore, sister of General Sidney Moore and of Emery Moore, built the house now occupied by the Misses Welch, on Franklin, near William street for an orphans home and school. This was not a charity school, though undertaken with charitable intent. Miss Moore taught this school, including day scholars, very acceptably for some years, until her marriage to Mr. Gorton. In 1825, Richard Murray, Esq., nephew of Capt. Murray, became associated with Miss Moore in the conduct of her school. After her marriage, he carried it on alone for two or three years, and then with his wife formerly Miss Joan Hills. Mrs. Murray was a born teacher. When quite a young girl, in 1824-25, she taught in Berkshire. and after her marriage, in 1826-27, in Delaware, with her husband. In 1833, after the death of her husband, she resumed teaching, and taught continuously, with short respites only, until 1868, a period of forty-four years. A few years of this was in the public schools of the town, but most of the time was in her own private house, on Franklin street. In this unpretending, but admirable school, were educated many of the most cultivated ladies of the city. HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 363 A little later, somewhere from 1827 to 1830, Mr. Asa Messenger, another relative of Col. Byxbe, taught, for two or three years, in the house built by Miss Moore, on Franklin street. Mr. Messenger subsequently went South, and afterward became an editor, in Tuscumbia, Ala. Nearly at the same time, his sister. Miss Messenger, attempted to establish a girls' seminary, and taught. a few terms, but the effort eventually failed. Up to this time; in the history of the State, there had been no organic legislation on the subject of schools. Special charters were granted to the cities, but no adequate provision had been made for the non-corporate parts of the State. All the schools in Delaware, thus far, as in the rural districts and smaller towns elsewhere, were private and independent. The population of the town was small, not yet reaching 500, and most of the time a single school met all the educational wants of the place. The tuition fees were very small ; at first scarcely reaching $1.50 per quarter of thirteen weeks, and, at the last, in the case of the best teachers, not exceeding $3 per quarter. Nor was the pay always certain, or generally made in money. "Store pay," or "trade." was a very common method of balancing accounts, and largely prevailed to a much later date than this. Yet, even after the enactment of school laws providing for a public system of education, the private schools were long continued, until the new system was in complete working order. Of these later teachers of private schools, the following may be mentioned as most successful : Albert Pickett, Jr., had a reputable school from 1834 to 1836. He was a son of Albert Pickett a famous teacher in Cincinnati, and inherited much of his father's genius for literary work. He afterward held office in the county, and died about 1850. Horatio Sherman was a professional teacher. from the State of New York. He was in the prime of life when he brought his family to Delaware. Here he taught. many years, at first in the public schools, but, in 1840 and afterward. a private school in his own house, on William street. His advertisement says: " Young gentlemen preparing to teach, will be particularly attended to ; tuition, $2.50 or $3 per quarter." At last he was laid aside by a filing of sight, and died, in Upper Sandusky, about 1870. About 1832, two highly accomplished ladies from Ireland, Mrs. Howison and her sister, Miss Johnson, opened a girls' seminary in the house of Col. Byxbe. An extensive course of study was marked out. Miss Meeker, afterward Mrs. Sprague, mother of our present Probate Judge, assisted them in the lower classes, and the able Rev. James McElroy, in the higher classes But the school was not successful, and, in a few years, was discontinued. After the close of this school, Miss Meeker had, for two years, 1834-36, a very popular infant school in the town. The school law of 1825 established a general system of public schools of low grade, which were destined largely to supersede the private schools of the same grade. But this result could not be effected at once. The tax which the Legislature of 1825 ventured to authorize was but one-half a mill on the dollar, one-fourteenth as much as school-boards are now empowered to levy. For many years, this tax was insufficient to maintain the district schools for the requisite time-rarely for more than two quarters in the year. The schools had an average enrollment of about sixty pupils, of both sexes, and were ungraded its to age or attainments. The teacher's work was hard, ,and his pay light, being about $20 per month. This was drawn from the public funds as long as the money held out. When this was exhausted, voluntary subscriptions enabled the directors to continue the public school another term ; or the building was granted, free of rent, to the teacher for a private school. for the remainder of the school year. Under this law, the first public-school buildings in Delaware were erected. One was a stone building at the corner of Franklin and Winter streets, on the lot now occupied by Mr. H. G. Andrews. Another was a small frame house, also on Franklin street. at the northwest corner of the courthouse lot. Miss Eliza T. Thompson, afterward Mrs. William Carson, was the first lady- that taught a district school in Delaware. The school was in the stone schoolhouse for the winter. The next summer she had a select school in the same house. Among her pupils were Rutherford B. Hayes and his sister Fannie. Mrs. Carson still lives with her son in Concord township, at the ripe age of seventy-five years. Some of the teachers already mentioned taught in the newly organized district schools; but it is impossible to name all who from this time forward helped to train the youth of Delaware in the path of learning and of virtue. As only primary or ungraded schools could be organized under the law, the wants of the community 364 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY were not yet all met. Individual attempts to establish a seminary of a higher grade having failed, a number of public-spirited citizens, among whom were M. D. Pettibone, Sherman Finch and others, at length combined in 1834, to build up such a school for the better education of their children. The attempt resulted in the erection of the Delaware Academy. It was :t large frame building, two stories high, beautifully located on Hill street, in South Delaware, at that time quite "out of town." In this building there was a succession of teachers; among whom were Giles M. Porter (1838-40), Rev. dances McElroy George S. Lee, Miss L. A. Emerson, afterward Mrs. Porter (1840), R. E. Rice, B. A. (1840 ) and Flavel A. Dickinson, a recent. graduate of Yale College (1841). The tuition fee was $5 per terra for languages; $4.50 for higher English, and $4 for elementary studies. But, laudable as was the attempt, excellent and inexpensive as was the instruction, the time for these thing, was not yet, and the Academy was a failure. It not only paid no interest to the stockholders : it, could not even support the teachers. The building long stood empty, then passed into other hands for a ladies' school, and finally was sold to the City School Board, and was occupied for some years as one of the ward schools. It was torn down its 1879. In the year 1817, the Legislature felt strong enough to take an advanced step in school matters and the law was so improved its to permit the establishment of Union schools with graded classes. This is what is popularly known as the "Akron law." The town of Delaware was for this purpose made into one district, and the old Methodist church, at the corner of William and Franklin streets, was bought by the School Board. and reconstructed into suitable schoolrooms ; those below for the boys, and those above for the girls. Whether this separation of the sexes was au advanced step, we need not pause to discuss, as it was soon abandoned, and both sexes again united in the same rooms and in the same recitations. The first members of the Board of Directors under the new law were Sherman Finch, Israel Breyfogle and Stephen W. Littell. and the first Superintendent wits Lucius P. Marsh, a young man from the State of New York, then twenty-four years of age. His salary was fixed at $40 per month. The girls were placed under the special care of Mrs. Murray, at $25 per month. Their assistants were Mr. A. R. Gould, Mrs. Dr. Rowland and Misses Renette Brown, Charlotte Washburn and Jennette Sherman. The salaries of the young ladies were $13 per month. After two years of service, Mr. Marsh, upon being refused an increase of salary, resigned his place and began the practice of law. He is now Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, Zanesville District, Ohio. In like manner, Mrs. Murray was retired from service in these schools, after a tenure of five years. Her salary was reduced to $20 per month, whereupon she immediately opened a private school, from which she realized over $50 per month for many years. These meager salaries were adjusted by the amount at the command of the Board. The funds were sufficient to sustain the schools for only seven months : and a private subscription was raised to continue the schools for the normal period of nine months. When the income of the Board had grown larger, the usage of having a long vacation in the summer had become fixed, and the schools are held even yet for but about thirty-six weeks. Before the adoption of the school law, any person, however incompetent, might take up the office and the ferule of teacher; and often, no doubt, the office was thus filled by persons wholly unworthy. Such persons might, indeed, even now, intrude themselves into the calling of teacher, an they could find private patronage. But the State common schools are so excellent. so satisfactory to the people at large, that private tuition has almost ceased, except in denominational or expensive select schools. This is owing to the legal exclusion of unfit teachers. No one is permitted to teach in the public schools, or draw pay therefor, who has not been examined both for scholarship and moral character. The first Board of Examiners ill Delaware County, under the State law, was composed of Solomon Smith. Esq., Dr. Eleazar Copeland and Dr. Silas C. McClary. These were appointed by the Court of Common Pleas. The county owes mach to these worthy gentlemen and their successors for their faithfulness in keeping out of the schools the dissipated and the ignorant. Among those subsequently appointed were Drs. N. Spalding and Ralph Hills: Richard Murray, Sherman Finch, David T Fuller. Cooper K. Watson and Homer M. Carper Esqs.; and Revs. William L. Harris and James McElroy. The County Board now consists of William G. Williams, .lances S. Campbell and John Ufford. Until recently all the teachers in the city of Delaware, as well as in the county at large, passed this -Board: but in 1878, a City Board of Examiners was appointed. before whom the city HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 365 teachers are examined with more care and on more subjects than are required of the County Board. In the central building, though ill suited to academic uses, the schools of the town were held for a period of about ten years from 1847. The records of the Board during the first part of this time have been lost, and the names and dates of service of the teachers cannot all be now recalled. Of those who taught during the later years, we give the names of Mr. John W. Hyatt, who was appointed Principal, in 1856, at a salary of $60 per month. He served one year, and then went into business in Toledo, where he now lives. After him, William F. Whitlock served one year. while carrying on his studies at the university. He is now Latin Professor in the university, and Dean of the Faculty at Monnett Hall. As the town grew. and the enrollment of pupils gradually increased, one or two other houses were occupied as schools. At length, the limited accommodations at the Central School compelled the Board to seek new quarters. In 1850, they bought a large lot of the Little estate, at the west end of William street, on which they erected a building of six rooms, larger and better adapted to school uses. A better organization. and a uniform course of study, was now deemed desirable. To this end, uniform and efficient supervision seemed essential ; and William Carter, in 1862, was appointed Superintendent, sit a salary of $700, which was soon raised to $1,000. He brought the schools into a very good degree of efficiency. To provide for the increased attendance. the Board bought, for $2,000, the old academy building, in South Delaware; and opened there two new rooms, which soon grew into four. After three years service, Mr. Carter resigned for a more lucrative calling. His successor was Rev. James S. Campbell, who entered upon duty in 1865, and still holds the same appointment. His salary was fixed at $1,000 per annum. but the next year it was raised to $1,200. and has, for a number of years, been $1,600. Ten other teachers were appointed at the same time, all ladies, with pay from $35 to $45 per month. The assessment for the support of the schools was four mills on the dollar. The growth of the town, during the prosperous years after the war, was such that the Board of Education was compelled, in rapid succession, to double the accommodations of the schools. In 1869, a new, schoolhouse of four rooms was built in North Delaware: in 1870, a house with the same number of rooms but larger, was built in East Delaware; in 1875, a yet larger building of six rooms was erected in South Delaware, and a year or two later two rooms were added to the Central Schoolhouse, and two more to the school in East Delaware. By a judicious economy, these improvements were all effected without the creation of a debt, and with but small increase in the rate of taxation. In the last ten years, the annual levy has but once reached the limit of seven mills on the dollar, authorized by law; two years it was six mills. four years it was five mills, and, for the last three years it has ranged from three to four mills. The enumeration of youth of a legal school age is now 2,300 ; the number of teachers appointed in 1879-80 was 25; and the aggregate salaries paid to them are $10,500; and the incidental expenses of the schools are about $3,000 more. The course of study is so arranged that pupils leaving the schools at the age of twelve, are able to read and write well, have an understanding of the fundamental principles of arithmetic, and a general knowledge of geography, especially that of their own country. Those who stay to complete the entire coarse. extending through eight years, get a very good general preparation for business, or for entrance upon college studies. Graduates of the high school are prepared for the freshman class in colleges, with the exception of Greek. The public schools of Delaware are popular and successful. They are patronized by citizens of all classes and of all denominations. Sectarian and political biases have been sedulously avoided in their management, and it is the single aim of those in charge of the school, and of the citizens alike; to give the youth of the city the best possible training both in intellect and in morals. Among a free people, the thirst for knowledge and culture is unquenchable ; if not satisfied in one direction, it will seek to be slaked in another. In the earlier years of this town the educational and literary cravings of the community were just as marked as they have shown themselves since, but the opportunities for indulging them were not the same as now. In the absence of public reading-rooms, schools, libraries, and newspapers, a tribune for public discussion was a pleasant and profitable form of entertainment and means of f cultivation. Such was found in the " Delaware Lyceum," an organization formed by the young men; but largely attended by all classes of citizens. Of the date of its organization, and the length of its career, the writer has no information. but, as showing the character of its meetings, the grave 366 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. and practical matters discussed, the following illustrations may be given. The notices are from the Olentangy Gazette ; and the meetings were held in the Thespian Hall, an upper chamber in the range of public buildings on the courthouse plaza. This name indicates that the hall was originally designed for entertainments of a musical and dramatic character. Monday evening February 1,1841, a public discussion is appointed on the following resolution: "Resolved, That the right of suffrage should be extended to females." Advocates, S. Dunham, P. Bunker, J. A. Barnes ; Respondents, R. Hills, T. C. Jones, R E. Rice. I. RANNEY, Secretary. From the names here and following, it seems, as might be expected, that the legal profession was most largely represented. All these gentlemen were lawyers or law-students, except Bunker, Sheriff ; Hills, physician; and Rice, teacher. Feb. 15.- "Resolved, That the youth of the country should be educated at the public expense." Advocates, T. w. Powell, F. Horr, R. Hills: Respondents, D. T. Fuller, I. Ranney, P. Bunker. Feb. 22.- Resolved, That capital punishment ought to be abolished." Advocates. T. C. Jones, J. A. Barnes ; Respondents, R. E. Rice, P. Bunker. March 25:- Resolved, That, the right of suffrage ought to be extended to females." Advocates, P. Bunker, T. C. Jones: Respondents. I. Ranney, R. Hills. Evidently this was a question of unusual interest. The discussion six weeks before had apparently not settled the matter in debate ; but it had at least wrought conviction and conversion in the mind of one of the champions; and he now appears in arms to the opposite camp. How the great debate at last terminated, the muse of history has not recorded, but the renewed struggle on this question in the Ohio Legislature, in this year of grace 1880, too plainly declares that the vote upon the occasion should have been made of record for the information and guidance of succeeding generations. July 12.- "Resolved, That the legal rights of women should not be impaired by marriage." Advocates, T. C. Jones, I. Ranney; Respondents, P. Bunker, C. T. Solace. With this notice our extracts must close. But we need not doubt that the discussion of such questions by thoughtful and earnest men, and that the listening to such discussions by the reflecting part of the community, must have done as much in directing and molding thought as the more recent lecture system. In regard to popular lectures, this community has been specially favored. For several years, a citizens' lecture association existed, and was the means of introducing many distinguished men and women to Delaware audiences. These lectures have generally paid well, but the large number of excellent addresses and lectures delivered annually at the university, and free to all listeners, has had a tendency, in recent years, to make a Delaware audience content to pay for nothing inferior to the best. So what has been made matter of complaint against Delaware, is, in reality, when rightly understood, complimentary to the intelligence and taste of her people. This is a lecture-going community, but it goes to hear only first-class lectures. The Ohio Wesleyan University, which is now the largest and most successful in the Methodist Church, owes its location, if not its establishment, to the famous White Sulphur Springs in Delaware. These springs had early attracted the attention of y tourists and seekers after health. In order to accommodate these, and to encourage further patronage, two enterprising citizens, Thomas «'. Powell, t Esq., and Columbus W. Kent, erected, in the year 1833, on a spacious lot, embracing the springs. a e fine hotel, which soon became known to the citizens as the Mansion House. The waters were salubrious, and the locality as healthful as those of the more famous Saratoga Springs ; but the town of Delaware was not very widely known, and was not easily accessible ; and it was, perhaps, too early in the history of the State to hope for large returns w from a business enterprise of this kind. For some years the Mansion House was kept in operation; but, at last, in the summer of 1841, Mr. Powell, who had become the sole proprietor, concluded to abandon the attempt to establish a Western watering inn place. About this time, the Methodist College at Augusta, in Kentucky, to which the Ohio Conference was contributory, had been suspended. Augusta n was on the wrong side of the river to suit the growing anti-slavery sentiment of the Methodists in Ohio; and it was already manifest that the school could never secure their patronage or contributions. Practically, this largest Protestant denomination in the State was without a home institution for the education of her sons. The thought ful men of the church were naturally solicitous in regard to the educational future of Ohio Methodism, but as yet no forward steps had been taken toward providing for these wants. In this juncture, it was suggested by the Rev. Adam Poe, the Methodist Pastor in Delaware, that HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 367 the citizens of the place should purchase the Spring property, and offer it to the Ohio and the North Ohio Conferences of the Methodist Church, jointly, as a site for a college. This suggestion met with a cordial approval. The property thus proposed for a college site comprised about ten acres of ground. Of this a part, on which the Mansion House stood, was held in fee simple; and the remainder, including the spring, by a perpetual lease without rent, from the corporation of Delaware. The investment in the grounds and buildings was about $25,000 ; but the owner offered to convey his interests in the entire property for $10,000. This sum, it was thought, could be raised by a subscription among the citizens of the town and county ; and, accordingly, a delegation was appointed to wait on the conferences, and ascertain whether they would accept the property if conveyed to them as proposed. The North Ohio Conference met August 11, 1841, at Wooster. To this body the delegation first applied. The conference considered the matter favorably, and appointed a committee of five to confer with a like committee to be appointed by the Ohio Conference. August 25, the delegation appeared before the Ohio Conference, at Urbana. On the following day Drs. Charles Elliott and William P. Strickland were deputed by the conference to visit Delaware and examine the premises. They carried back a favorable report, and many yet remember the Irish enthusiasm with which Dr. Elliott advocated the establishment of a college, and the acceptance of this property. The conference was ready for the measure, and voted that it was expedient to establish a Methodist college in Ohio; that the two conferences (embracing about two-thirds of the State) should unite in the enterprise ; and that, if the Sulphur spring property was conveyed to the church, on the terms proposed, Delaware should be selected as the seat of the college. A committee of five were appointed to act with the committee from the Northern Conference. The joint committee thus constituted met at Delaware. September 1, 1841. The committee consisted of Revs. John H. Power, Adam Poe, Edward Thomson, James Brewster and William S. Morrow, from the North Ohio Conference, and Revs. Jacob Young, James B. Finley, Charles Elliott, Edmund W. Sehon and Joseph M. Trimble, from the Ohio Conference. Of these distinguished men, Dr. Joseph M. Trimble is now, after forty years, the only survivor. The committee voted to accept the property if the citizens should perfect their offer, and the title could be made satisfactory to the conferences. The way being thus prepared, a subscription was opened, and was signed by 172 persons. No subscription exceeded $500, and the aggregate amounted to but $9,000. That the movement might not fail, certain parties, trusting to future local subscriptions, obligated themselves for the deficit. But no further subscriptions were obtained, and, some years afterward, $500 were raised by voluntary contributions among the ministers in the North Ohio Conference, to relieve Adam Poe from the payment of a note given on this account.* Such was the difficulty, at that time, of raising even this small sum for an enterprise, which, as the citizens said in the preamble to their subscription, would greatly add to the value of property in the town and county, and be of great public utility and benefit."t But the town was small at the United States Census the year before (November 6, 1840), the population was but 893-there was not much business, and there was little accumulated wealth in the community. No doubt, if the Methodist Church had invited competition from other places for the location of the college, it could have had much larger offers than the one from this town. But the amount raised in Delaware was, at that time, the just measure of the ability of the place. The university was welcomed to the town ; it brought wealth and prosperity with it, and it has often since met with a liberal response from the citizens to its appeals for aid. The conference committee met November 17, 1841, and received from Mr. Powell a bond for the conveyance of the property donated by the citizens. The title was finally made to the Board of Trustees. In addition to the ten acres thus conveyed, the committee purchased from Mr. Powell an adjacent property on the south, of five * A striking illustration of the opportunity for advance in newspaper enterprise since that day, is shown in the fact that the Delaware papers of 1841 made not the slightest allusion editorial or "local," to this movement, the most important that has ever affected the interests of the town. The only reference to the matter during the whole progress of the negotiation is found in the following notice, given in the advertising columns "METHODIST EPISCOPAL COLLEGE. "A general meeting of the subscribers will be held at the Exchange Hotel, this, Saturday, evening, October 28, 1841. It is important that all be here." t President Thompson, in his inaugural, estimated that the university brought from the first at least $16,000 yearly to the trade of the town. It would surely be in hounds to say that it now, with its 600 students and yearly income of over $32,000 expended here, adds at least $100,000 annually to the business of the city. 668 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. acres, at a cost of $5,500, and the furniture of the Mansion House for about $2,000 more. On the added lot was a comfortable cottage, the home of Mr. Powell, which was subsequently occupied for some years by the President of the college, or by one of the professors. Additional purchases have since been made, from time to time, at a total expense of a little. over $20,000, until now the college campus contains about twenty-five acres lying in one continuous lot, besides the ten acres to be further described, the property of the Monnett Hall of the university. Immediate steps were now taken looking to a formal organization. A committee was appointed to apply to the Legislature for an act of incorporation. A special charter, conferring university powers, was granted by the Legislature March 7, 184I2. The corporate powers were vested in a board of twenty-one persons, from different parts of the State. These were William Neff, Samuel Williams, ex-Gov. Allen Trimble, Lemuel Reynolds, Thomas Orr, William Bishop, William Armstrong, Rev. James B. Finley, Rev. Jacob Young, Rev. Edmund W. Sehon, Rev. Leonidas L. Hamline, Judge Patrick G. Goode, George B. Arnold, ex-Gov. Mordecai Bartley, Frederick C. Welch, Wilder Joy, Henry Ebbert, John H. Harris, Rev. Adam Poe, Rev. William Burke, Rev. Leonard B. Gurley. Of these, though the charter did not so prescribe, fourteen were laymen and seven were ministers. By the provisions of the charter, the corporators at first held their office for life; and, of the original number, the venerable Dr. Leonard B. Gurley, of Delaware, is now the sole survivor.* The right of perpetuation of the Board was reserved to the two patronizing conferences, each appointing alternately. These conferences have been divided into four, each with the same right of appointment. This arrangement continued until the year 1869, when, by a general law of the State, the President of the university was made ex officio a member of the Board, and the remaining twenty members were divided into four classes of five each, and assigned severally to the four conferences. The tenure of office was reduced to five years; so that each conference now annually elects one Trustee for the period of five years. In 1871, the charter was further so modified as to give the Association of Alumni a representation in the Board, equal to that of each annual conference. The office has * Since this was written, Dr. Gurley died. March 25, 1880, at the ripe age of seventy-six years. been held by eighty-six different persons. The Board, as now constituted, consists of the following, the date indicating the year when each carne into office: Ex officio-1875. Rev. Charles H. Payne, D. D., LL. D., President of University: Ohio Con Conference - 1852, Rev. Joseph M. Trimble, D. D., Columbus; 1868, Rev. Andrew B. See, Zanesville, 1877, Rev. Frederick Herrick, M. A., Delaware ; 1876, James V . Gordon, Portsmouth ; 1845, Hon. James H. Godman, Columbus. North Ohio Conference-1869, Rev. Aaron J. Lyon, M. A., Delaware; 1876, George Mitchell, M. A., M, D., Mansfield; 1877, Rev. Gaylord H. Hartupee, D. D., Norwalk; 1878, Hon. Thomas F. Joy, Delaware; 1867, William A. Ingham, Cleveland. Cincinnati Conference-1860, John R. Wright, M. A., Cincinnati; 1864, John Davis, M. D., Cincinnati; 1872, Rev. Lafayette Van Cleve, M. A., Hillsboro; 1873, Rev. Richard S. Rust, D. D., LL. D., Cincinnati; 1870, Phineas P. Mast, M. A., Springfield. Central Ohio Conference - 1870, Rev. Alexander Harmount, D. D., Lima; 1876, John W. Hiett, Toledo; 1867. Rev. Bishop William L. Harris, D. D., LL. D., New York City ; 1878, Rev. Leroy A. Belt, M. A., Toledo ; 1879, Hon. William Lawrence, LL. D., Bellefontaine. Association of Alumni - 1872, Rev. Wesley G. Waters, D. D., Toledo; 1872, H. Eugene Parrott, M. A., Dayton; 1872, John W. King, M. A., Zanesville, 1875, Charles W. Cole, M. A., Cincinnati ; 1873, Lewis Miller, Akron. One of the conditions of the donation to the church was that the academic work of the college should he begun within five years ; but the committees from the conferences did not wait even until the organization of the Board of Trustee,. It was thought best to commence this work immediately ; and a sub-committee was appointed to secure teachers, and open a preparatory school. This committee at once engaged Capt. James D. Cobb, a graduate of West Point, and an ex-army officer, as instructor in the new school for the year 1841- 42. Capt. Cobb was about fifty years of age, and was assisted by his son. It was arranged that he should have the free use of the Mansion House, but look to the receipts for tuition for his compensation. He had a mixed school of boys and girls. At the end of the school year Capt. Cobb resigned his place and moved to the South for his health. The Board of Trustees held their first meeting at Hamilton, where the Ohio Confdrence was in session, October 1, 1842. At this meeting, the Board elected the Rev. Edward Thomson, M. D., PAGE 369 - PICTURE OF GEORGE LEONARD PAGE 370 - BLANK HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 371 to the presidency of the university, with the understanding that the appointment was but nominal for the present, but a pledge to the church and the public that a college faculty would be ' appointed, and the college opened at no distant day. The Board, however, determined that the preparatory school should meanwhile be continued, and appointed the Rev. Solomon Howard as Principal with authority to employ his own assistants. He was given the use of the buildings and furniture, and was expected to get his support from the tuition fees of the pupils, both sexes being still admitted. Prof. Howard began his school the same autumn, and continued it successfully for two years. During the second year of his school he was assisted by Mr. Flavel A. Dickinson, who had been employed as Principal of the Delaware Academy. At the end of this time, the Board of Trustees was prepared to organize a college faculty. Though no large immediate income was to be expected from subscriptions or from tuition, yet the Board of Trustees felt great confidence in the final success of a school supported by the numbers and wealth of the Methodist Church of Ohio. Relying upon these, the Board, September 25, 1844, resolved to organize a faculty and begin the academic work of a college. Dr. Thomson, who had recently been elected editor of-the Ladies' Repository, was re-appointed President, though again with the understanding that he should not immediately enter upon duty. As it was foreseen that the school would for a while be small, and the income limited, the Board created but four additional places, and made the following appointments : Rev. Herman M. Johnson Professor of Ancient Languages; Rev. Solomon Howard, Professor of Mathematics; William G. Williams, Principal of Preparatory Department; Enoch G. Dial, Assistant in Preparatory Department. The salaries paid or rather promised to these men were gauged by the resources which the Board hoped to have at their command by the end of the year. The President's salary was fixed at $800 ; the Professors were to be paid $600 each, and the teachers in the Preparatory Department $400 and $350 respectively; but it was many years before even these meager salaries were paid as they became due. Wednesday, November 13, 1844, was the day appointed and advertised for the opening of the school; but the opening was less encouraging than had been hoped. Dr. Thomson was not present, and did not enter upon duty for nearly two years afterward, and Prof. Johnson was detained for many weeks. The other three teachers of the five who were appointed to positions in the faculty, met in the basement of the Mansion House, the former dining room, which had been temporarily fitted up as a chapel, and proceeded to enroll the students applying for admission to the classes. Only twenty-nine presented themselves. This was a smaller number than had previously attended the preparatory schools under Capt. Cobb and Prof. Howard. But the students now were all males of a maturer age, and more advanced standing, and most of them were from other parts of the State. From this small number the faculty were able to organize all the college classes below senior, though the representation in the upper classes was very small. The fact that none but male students were admitted is worthy of a moment's notice. At that date the co-education of the sexes in the higher schools of learning was almost unknown, and, at the organization of the university, the question of a departure from the usage of former years and of older institutions was not even mooted in the conferences or in the Board of Trustees. It was taken for granted by them that this college was to fall into line in this respect, as in all the other usages of college organization. But this subject, which was so quietly ignored by the conferences and the Board of Trustees, was already making its entrance into the discussions of professional educators, and could not be so summarily disposed of by them. The advancing sentiment of the j country was bringing women more and more prominently, not only into social life, but into public and responsible positions in the educational, religious and secular fields of labor; and the church began to demand a higher education for its daughters as well as for its sons, to fit them for these larger duties. The experiment of co-education was in successful trial in one of the large schools of the State.* In view of these facts the subject became for years one of frequent and earnest debate in the faculty of the new college. President Thomson expressed very decided view, against what some regarded as advanced ground on this subject, and his position, if there had beer no other obstacle, prevented any public agitation or effort in the matter. At length, as will be seer further on, the problem was solved for the univer sity by the founding of a ladies' college in Dela ware. Thenceforward the courtesies due to a * Oberlin College, organized in 1833. 372 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. sister school, if not a conviction of policy in regard to co-education, forbade the introduction of ladies into the university, and the question long ceased to be a practical one in the councils of the institution. But years after the subject had been thus practically shelved, President Thomson took occasion in one of his baccalaureates, to declare that his views had undergone an entire revolution on this subject, and that he now favored co-education. Yet he did not live to give his potent advocacy and his suffrage to the measure which finally united the two schools, and made coeducation the law of the university. The table given further on, shows that the catalogue enrollment of students of the university for the first year was but 110, from which number the attendance gradually increased to 257 in 1850. The neat year showed 506 names, just double the last number on the university books. This sudden increase was due to the system of cheap scholarships that year put into successful operation by the Board of Trustees. Of these about four thousand were sold, and thus both the endowment of the university was largely increased and the circle of its patronage greatly widened. The movement at once called attention to the university. Many hundred parents were led to seek a higher education for their sons than they had before deemed within their means, and the thought of such a possibility excited the generous ambition of many young men, who had else remained content with the little learning acquired in the common schools of their own neighborhoods. These scholarships are still held by thousands of families, and have always been an incentive to large numbers to seek an education in the university. The result is, that the attendance since that date has always been large. At no time, not even during the dark days of the rebellion, or of the financial collapse afterward, has the enrollment gone as low as before the inauguration of the scholarship system. Only once (1863), has the aggregate fallen as low as 300, and it has usually exceeded 400. In the last years it has been more than 600. The number of teachers was from the first too small for the work imposed on them, and the increase in the number of students and the multiplication of classes necessarily brought increase in the faculty. In the academic course of study, a few generations ago, attention was devoted entirely to the languages and mathematics. These, with their subdivisions, constituting the trivium and the quadrivium of the old universities, embraced about all the matters of human knowledge that could then be made subsidiary to the end of school discipline. But, in our own century, the marvelous development of the physical sciences has opened a wide and profitable field of study, both for knowledge and discipline ; and the modern colleges have recognized the rightful place of these subjects as a part of the academic curriculum. The first appointments to the faculty were to the two first, named fields, languages and mathematics ; but, at the opening of the second year, the claims of the other large class of sciences were recognized by the establishment of a chair of Natural Science. This was filled by the appointment of the Rev. Frederick Merrick as its incumbent. Before the end of the year, Doctor Thomson assumed his place as President and Professor of Philosophy. It was a meager scheme for a university faculty ; but it was sufficient to give instruction in each of the great departments of study; and no class has been graduated from the university without at least some instruction in all the subjects which go to make a complete and symmetric culture. The first graduating classes were, of course, small; and, by the time the classes had grown to a respect; able size, the number of departments of instruction had also been increased, either by the subdivision of the former chairs, or by the addition of new ones. There has been a remarkable permanence in the faculty. Several of the number have remained connected with the institution during almost the entire period of its existence, now thirty-six years; and these, with two exceptions, have been the longest in one consecutive service, of all the college educators in the State. There have been three Presidents. 1. Rev. Edward Thomson, D. D., LL. D. He was born in 1810 at Portsea, England, but by growth and education he was an American. His home from early youth was at Wooster, Ohio. Here he received a good classical training, and afterward graduated in medicine at Philadelphia. In 1832, he entered the ministry, in the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and at once became noted for his ability as a preacher and a writer. In 1838, he was chosen Principal of the Norwalk Seminary, the first Methodist school in the State of Ohio. His success here established his reputation as an educator, and pointed him out as the fittest man for the presidency of the university, to which position he was elected first in 1842, and again in 1844. In the HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 373 spring of the last-named year, he was appointed editor of the Ladies' Repository, in Cincinnati, but resigned this office after two years' service, to assume the active duties of his position at Delaware. For fourteen years he filled and graced this office. No college President in the church has shown larger administrative abilities, or won a more enviable place in the affections and admiration of college and church alike. In 1860, he was called by the General Conference to edit the Christian Advocate, in New York; and again, in 1864, to the higher office of Bishop in the church. He died suddenly in Wheeling, W. Va., March 22,1870. President Thomson taught but little during his connection with the university. He usually had the senior class in one study ; but be found his happiest field of instruction and influence in the Sunday lectures before the university. It was here that he made his wonderful power felt, and left the lasting impress of his thought and spirit on his raptlisteners. His lectures, whether written or extemporized, were models of sacred eloquence, worthy of any audience for their depth, beauty and fervor. Bishop Thomson's publications are numerous, and his literary remains yet in manuscript are very extensive. 2. Rev. Frederick Merrick. He was born in 1810, a native of Connecticut; and was educated in the Wesleyan University, Connecticut. In 1836, he became Principal of Amenia Seminary, New York ; and, in 1838, Professor of Natural Science in Ohio University, Athens, and member of the Ohio Conference. For one year, 1842-43 he was Pastor of the Methodist Church in Marietta. In 1843, the conference appointed him financial agent of the Ohio Wesleyan University, to which institution he has since that time devoted his life. In 1845, he was elected Professor of Natural Science, and was made acting President for the year until Dr. Thomson entered upon duty. In 1851, he was transferred to the Chair of Moral Philosophy, and, on the resignation of President Thomson, was chosen as his successor. He held this office for thirteen years ; and then, in view of failing strength, in 1873, he resigned the presidency and was appointed Lecturer on Natural and Revealed Religion. This relation to the college he still sustains. In addition to his other duties. Dr. Merrick has been Auditor of the University for more than thirty years, and has often acted as its agent in raising the endowment or getting funds for improvements upon the buildings and grounds. After President Merrick's resignation, the Rev. Fales H. Newhall, D. D., of Boston, was elected to the Presidency, but, from prostration induced by intense and continued literary work, he was unable to enter upon duty, and resigned his office the following year. The university meanwhile, and until the accession of his successor. was for three years successfully administered by Prof. McCabe, the senior Professor and Vice President of the university. 3. Rev. Charles H. Payne, D. D., LL. D. President Payne was born at Taunton, Mass., October 24, 1830, and graduated in 1856, at Wesleyan University, Connecticut. He taught several terms in his early years, and was tutor for six months after graduation, but has spent most of his life in the ministry. A vigorous thinker, an accomplished speaker and writer, and a devoted pastor, he has served some of the leading Methodist churches in Brooklyn, Philadelphia and Cincinnati. It was from this last city that he was called to the presidency of the university in 1875. He took his seat the following year. His administration began in the gloomiest days of financial depression, but the growth of the university during his administration has been very rapid and great. A quickened interest for the university was felt throughout the church ; the four conferences were stimulated to renewed efforts for the endowment; the school was advertised on a much more liberal scale than before, and, not least, the university and the female college were united. This measure, which had long been advocated and worked for by many friends of both schools, was at length accomplished in 1877 . As the result of all these influences both the enrollment and the income of the university have been doubled in the last four years. The Professors who have held chairs in the university are the following 1. Rev. Herman M. Johnson, D. D., Professor of Ancient Languages and Literature. He was a graduate of Wesleyan University, Connecticut, and before coming to Delaware had held the Chair of Ancient Languages in St. Charles College, Missouri, and in Augusta College, Kentucky. Prof. Johnson had abilities as an instructor, of the first order. His mind was analytic, he had remarkable talent to explain and illustrate the subjects that he taught, and his scholarship was broad and thorough. After six years' service here, he accepted the professorship of Philosophy in Dickinson College, and was afterward raised to the presidency. In this office he died in 1868. 374 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. 2. Rev. Solomon Howard, D. D., LL. D. Prof Howard had been at the head of the preparatory school for two years before the organization of the college faculty. At that time he was appointed Professor of Mathematics, but held the office for only one year. He was subsequently, for some years, Principal of the Springfield Female College, and became President of the Ohio University, at Athens, in 1852. He died in California in 1873. 3. Rev. Frederick Merrick. 4. Rev. Lorenzo D. McCabe, D. D., LL. D. Prof. McCabe came into the faculty as the successor of Prof. Howard. He was born in Marietta in 1818, and graduated at the Ohio University in 1843. He then became a member of the Ohio Conference, and preached one year; but, in the year 1844, was appointed to the Chair of Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy in his Alma Mater. This place he held one year. In 1845, he was called to the same chair in the Ohio Wesleyan University; and, in 1860, was transferred to the Chair of Biblical Literature and Moral Science. In 1864, by a re-arrangement of the college work, his chair was named " Philosophy." To this department he has since given his entire services, except in the years 1873 to 1875, during which he was also acting President. 5. Rev. William G. Williams, LL. D. Prof Williams graduated at Woodward College in Cincinnati in 1844, and the same year was appointed to a place in the new faculty of the university as Principal of the Preparatory Department. In 1847, he was promoted to the adjunct professorship of Ancient Languages, and, in 1850, to the full chair of Greek and Latin Languages. This appointment be held until 1864, when his chair was divided, and he became Professor of Greek Language and Literature. This chair was endowed in 1867, by John R. Wright, Esq., and, in honor of his father (the venerable Dr. John F. Wright), was named the Wright Professorship. In 1872, Prof. Williams was appointed the acting Professor of Hebrew Language and Literature. In 1856, he became a member of the Central Ohio Conference, of which body he has for twenty years been the Secretary. 6. Rev. William L. Harris, D. D. LL. D. Professor Harris was educated at Norwalk Seminary, and joined the North Ohio Conference in 1840. He was stationed at Delaware in 1844-45, and here he first became connected with the university as one of the teachers of the Preparatory Department. He taught, however, but one year. After preaching two years at Toledo, he accepted the principalship of Baldwin Seminary, at Berea. In 1851 he was recalled to Delaware, as Principal of the Academical Department, and was the next year appointed Professor of Natural Sciences. In this chair he remained eight years, till 1860, when, by the appointment of the General Conference, he became one of the Secretaries of the Methodist Missionary Society. In 1872, he was elected to the Episcopate. 7. Rev. William D. Godman, D. D. Prof. Godman was the second graduate of the university, in 1846. He entered the ministry in the North Ohio Conference, but, in 1849, served the university for one year as Principal of the Academical Department. He was then President of the Worthington Female College for some years, and afterward Professor of Greek for a while in the Northwestern University, at Evanston, Ill. From thence he was called to a chair in his Alma Mater. From 1860 to 1864, he was Professor of Mathematics and Mechanical Philosophy in 1864, he was transferred to the chair of Biblical Theology and Literature, in which he served one year, and then resigned to re-enter the pastorate. After preaching for some years, he became President of Baldwin University, which he served during the years 1870-75. Dr. Godman is now President of the New Orleans University. 8. Rev. Francis S. Hoyt, D. D. Prof Hoyt graduated at Wesleyan University, Connecticut, and shortly after became President of the Willamette University, Oregon. In 1860, he was called to the chair of Natural Science in the Ohio Wesleyan University, and served in this department for five years. In 1865, he was transferred to the chair of Theology and Biblical Literature in which he remained for seven years. This chair bears the name of the Chrisman Professorship, in honor of Mrs. Eliza Chrisman, who has secured its endowment (1865). In 1872 Prof. Hoyt was elected editor or of the Western Christian Advocate at Cincinnati, which office he now fills. 9. Rev. William F. Whitlock, D. D., graduated at the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1859, and was immediately appointed tutor in languages In 1864, he was promoted to an adjunct professor ship of Latin ; and, in 1866, received the appoint ment to the full professorship. In this chair he has since remained. In 1878, it received the name of the Brown Professorship, in honor of Mrs Rebecca Brown, of Bellefontaine, who has gives an endowment. In 1877, when the Ohio Wes- HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 375 leyan Female College was united with the university, Prof Whitlock was appointed Dean of the Faculty at Monnett Hall (the Ladies' College building), and for three years has had charge of that part of the university. He is a member of the North Ohio Conference. 10. Rev. John P. Lacroix, Ph. D., D.D., graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1857. After teaching one year in the public schools of New Orleans, he entered the Ohio Conference, and preached until 1863. A descendant of an old Huguenot family, the French was his vernacular language, and he had also privately acquired the German language. In 1863, he was invited to become teacher of these languages in the university. In 1864, he was made adjunct professor of the same, and in 1866 was raised to the professorship of Modern Languages and History. Prof. Lacroix was a zealous and laborious student. Oppressed by constant ill health, he, nevertheless, studied and wrote incessantly, until, at length, while on a trip to Europe, whither he had frequently gone to recruit, he broke down completely, and reached home only to die, September 23, 1879. This is the only death in the faculty since the organization of the school. 11. Rev. Hiram M. Perkins, M. A., is another graduate of the class of 1857. After graduating, he was appointed tutor in natural sciences, and served in this relation for five years, having entire charge of the department one year, during the absence of the professor. In 1865, Mr. Perkins was appointed Adjunct Professor in Mathematics, and in 1867, was promoted to the full chair of Mathematics and Astronomy, which he has since occupied. This chair has received the name of the Parrott Professorship, from the bequest of Mr. Thomas Parrott, of Dayton, who left $20,000 toward its endowment. Prof. Perkins is a member of the Central Ohio Conference. 12. William O. Semans, M. A., is also a graduate of the class of 1857. After graduating he served for two years as tutor in languages, and then entered into business in the West. In 1862, he was appointed Professor of Natural Sciences in the Ohio Wesleyan Female College. In 1865. he was invited to a place in the university as Adjunct Professor of Chemistry, and, in 1867, promoted to a full professorship in the same department. In this position he yet remains. In 1875, he was elected Mayor of the city of Delaware, on the citizens' ticket, and served two years in this office. 13. Edward T. Nelson, M. A., Ph. D. Professor Nelson graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1866. He then entered the Shef field Scientific School, and graduated Ph. D. in the year 1869. During this time be had acted as assistant to the Professor of Mineralogy. In 1869, he was invited to the chair of Natural Science in Hanover College, Ind., where he remained three years. In 1871, he was called to the Alumni Chair of Natural History in his Alma Mater. This chair has its name from the fact that it is endowed by the contributions of the Alumni. Prof. Nelson was unanimously nominated to the Board, by the Association, as their choice for the chair by them endowed. 14. Lucius V. Tuttle, M. A. Prof. Tuttle graduated in 1870; and was appointed to a tutor-ship in languages. In this position he served for three years; when he was promoted to an adjunct professorship in Ancient Languages. In 1874, he was called to the principalship of the Friends Academy, in connection with the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, which position he still holds. 15. Rev. John T. Short, M. A., B. D. Prof. Short graduated at the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1868, and in 1871 at Drew Theological Seminary, in divinity. He joined the Cincinnati Conference and preached some years, and then spent a year in Europe in study. In 1877, he was appointed to a place in the university, as Adjunct Professor of English Language and Literature. This position he held of one year. In 1879, he was called to the chair of History and Philosophy the, Ohio State University. The work of the professors has not, in most instances, been strictly confined to their own departments Besides the necessity of providing instruction in more subjects than there have been chairs, the professors have often found it convenient to themselves to extend their work to subjects lying outside their several departments. But not even by this additional labor has it ever been possible for them alone to provide for all the classes. In this institution, as in most Western colleges, it has been necessary not only to furnish instruction to the four " college classes," but also to provide a preparatory or grammar school, for those not yet ready to enter freshmen. Indeed, the majority of the students enrolled are of this latter description. Coming from the rural districts, or even from the towns where the high schools do not furnish instruction in the classic languages and mathematics, this class of students must needs begin their preparatory 376 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. studies after entering the institution. To assist them, a large number of additional teachers has always been required. These have been variously designated, and not always by the same name for the same work. During the thirteen years of President Merrick's administration, it was the policy of the institution to have but two grades of instructors, professors and tutors. But, before that time, the Preparatory Department had a separate organization under the charge of principals; and this order has recently been re-established. Of these, besides the professors who have labored in this department, the following may be named Rev. Thomas D. Crow, M. A., a graduate of Augusta College, was Principal of the Preparatory Department from 1850 to 1852. He was long a member of the Cincinnati Conference, but is now practicing law in Urbana. John H. Grove, Dl. A., a graduate of the class of 1870, after some years' experience in public schools, was appointed Principal in 1878. In this office he still continues. The university has twice organized a Normal Department. John Ogden, M. A., was appointed Principal of this department in 1853, and remained for two years, until called by the Ohio State Association to the charge of the McNeely Normal School. He is now principal of the Ohio Central Normal School at Worthington. Richard Parsons, a graduate of the class of 1868, came to the university in 1875, as tutor in languages, but, upon the re-organization of the Normal Department in 1878, was promoted to the principalship, in which he still remains. Of the tutors who have been connected with the university, the following may be named, all of ,whom are graduates of the university except Prof. Willey. Owen T. Reeves, tutor in ancient languages from 1850 to 1852, is now Judge of the District Court, Bloomington, Ill. George F. W. Willey, tutor in modern languages, 1851-52, is now Professor of Greek and Hebrew in Iowa Wesleyan University. Samuel W. Williams, M. A., tutor in ancient languages, 1851-57, was called to the professor. ship of Ancient Languages in McKendree College, Illinois. He has been, for many years, assistant editor of the National Repository, Cincinnati. Tullius C. O'Kane, M. A., tutor in mathematics 1852-57 , was subsequently in the public schools of Cincinnati. $e is widely known for his musical publications. William F. King, D. D., tutor in mathematics, 1857-62, was called to the chair of Ancient Languages in Cornell College, Iowa, of which he soon after (1863) became, and still remains, President. Almon S. B. Newton, M. A., tutor in ancient languages, 1866-71, was called to the chair of Natural Science in the Ohio Wesleyan Female College, but soon left on account of failing health. He was subsequently in the ministry for three years, and died in 1875. Charles J. Gardner, M. A., tutor in mathematics, 1872-76 ; resigned his post to study at Harvard University. He graduated with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1878, and was elected Principal of a high school in New Bedford, Mass., but died before entering on duty, in 1878. Joseph E. Stubbs, M. A., tutor of ancient languages, 1872-75; resigned to enter the ministry, but ill health led him to engage in secular work for a few years. In 1879, he was appointed Professor of Greek in Ashland College, Ohio. William W. Davies, Ph. D., B. D., has been tutor in Hebrew for two years, and instructor in modern languages since the death of Prof. Lacroix. Besides these, a number of others have held positions as assistant instructors, in special studies, or in the various English branches. Enoch G. Dial was assistant in the Preparatory Department during the first year, 1844-45. He is now a lawyer in Springfield, Ohio, and Representative in the State General Assembly. Edward C. Merrick was assistant in this department, and teacher of French, in 1846-49, and again in 1855-57. He resigned to enter the ministry in the Cincinnati Conference. He now holds an appointment in the Agricultural Bureau. Washington City. Percival C. Wilson was teacher of modern languages, 1861-63. He held the position of Professor, in 1867-70, in East Tennessee Wesleyan University, but is now in business in Chattanooga. William H. Cole was instructor in English in 1864-69. He was called to the chair of English Literature in the Missouri State University, in 1875-77. He is now Superintendent of Instruction at Marysville, Ohio. In addition to these, every year a number of the advanced students, usually from the senior class, have been employed to give instruction in the lower grades. Many of these have had con- HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 377 siderable experience in teaching before coming to the university. Since the union of the female college with the university, a number of ladies and of gentlemen, teaching in the ladies' courses of study, have been enrolled in the faculty at Monnett Hall. Among these are: Mrs. Lucy H. Parker, M. A., Preceptress ; now teacher of Natural Science in Chillicothe High School. Mrs. Susan A. Brockway, B. S. Preceptress. Miss Clara A. Nelson, Instructor in Languages. Miss Dorothea Graham, Instructor in Painting and Drawing. Mrs. Delia L. Williams, Instructor in Normal Studies. Theodore Presser. Director of Musical Department. Jesse W. Parker. Director of Musical Department. Duke F. Smith, Teacher of Instrumental Music. Mrs. Alice J. Osborne, Instructor in Vocal Culture. The matriculation books of the university show that it has enrolled, from first to last, more than seven thousand students, not including the ladies enrolled in the female college. 1853-67. Of these only 750, but little more than one tenth. have remained to graduation. In these Western States the channels of business are so wide and inviting that it is difficult to induce students to stay for a degree. To this must be added the consideration that a very large number of the matriculants are poor, and are under the necessity of earning the means of support in college by manual labor or by teaching. It demands an extraordinary strength of character and zeal for learning, for such persons, already men competent to the active duties of life, to remain in school from four to seven years. Yet, of those who have gone out under graduation, a large number have taken advanced courses of considerable extent. The latitude of choice offered by the wide range in the several courses of study, enables a student to shape his work in school with reference to his anticipated business needs, and so to acquire a respectable education without taking a degree. The aim of the university has been to require thoroughness. Its demands upon students are quite as great as in other colleges ; and no one graduates who has not faithfully tried to acquire both knowledge and discipline. The result is that its graduates take high rank in the professions and business employments. More than two hundred have entered the ministry; nearly two hundred are professors or teachers: about as many have entered the practice of law ; and about fifty the practice of medicine. The remainder are found in various other callings ; many having held offices under the State and National Governments. These graduates are now widely scattered. They are found in nearly all the States of the Union and in each of the four quarters of the globe ; of the whole number, about fifty have died. These figures of successful men would be largely increased if the undergraduates of three or more years' study were counted. The university is under the auspices of the Methodist Church, but it is not sectarian or denominational in its teachings. It aims to be evangelical, yet liberal ; and has always had a fair patronage from other Protestant Churches, and even from the Catholic Church. The religious influence of the college life here has always been constant and controlling. Devotional exercises, conducted by the members of the faculty, are held each day ; and a sermon or lecture at appointed times on the Sabbath. For many years this was a weekly appointment ; during recent years it has been monthly. Attendance upon these college services, and upon some church service, is obligatory. Weekly meetings for prayer are maintained by each class separately. and one weekly meeting for all students in common who choose to attend. The proportion of religious students in the college classes increases with the advancement of the class ; and few pass through the college course without becoming hopefully pious. More than once, the university has graduated large classes in which every member was religious ; and in every class graduated, the majority have been members of some church, a large proportion of whom became so through their connection with the university. The religious zeal of the students led to the establishment in the university, and the successful working, for a long time, of a Missionary Lyceum. From this association, and largely through influences there begotten, a goodly number of the graduates have been led to devote themselves to the foreign missionary work.* For some years a Young Men's Christian Association has been sustained in the school. Of the young men * One of this number, Rev. Dr. Scott, of the India Mission, has sent to the university a complete pantheon of the idols of Hindostan. They are in marble, gilt, about sixty in number, and constitute, perhaps, the finest collection in the United States. The Lyceum has many other symbols from heathen lands. 378 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. preparing for the ministry, those who are licentiates are faithful and useful in evangelical work in the churches of the city and of the neighboring country. The students have organized five literary societies. Of these the Zetagathian, the Chrestomathian, and the Athenian are confined to the college classes. They have fine, well-furnished halls. They were for a long time, also, engaged in accumulating libraries, but have recently parted with these in view of the unrestricted privilege of the University Library. The Meleterian and Philomathian Societies are made up from the preparatory classes. The ladies of Monnett Hall have two literary societies, the Clionian and the Athenaeum, with large and tastefully furnished halls. These literary societies are sustained with spirit and generous rivalry, and are of much value in the literary and forensic culture of their members. For a number of years the students had a very successful lecture association, which annually brought to the university and city many of the most distinguished lecturers and orators. This association was finally dissolved, not from a failure in its work, but in consequence of internal dissensions. The Greek-letter societies, or inter-collegiate fraternities, are represented in this institution by eight chapters. These associations are held in great esteem by the students; but it has long been a mooted point among college men, whether they are not, on the whole, injurious to the members, prejudicial to the literary societies, and an obstacle to college discipline. Some years since, the Board of Trustees, under this conviction, ordered their discontinuance after a certain time, but subsequently rescinded their action. It is but just, however, to say that, with some probable exceptions, the fraternity members have exercised over each other a salutary and helpful influence. The discipline here exercised has, at all times, appealed to the confidence and the moral sense of the students. It has aimed to foster sentiments of manliness and honor, to work out the highest types of character, to make the students habitually self-respectful, and, therefore, respectful to authority. The general results have been satisfactory, and the relations of the faculty and the students have been of the most pleasant kind. Of course, in so large a body of young persons, promiscuously gathered, it must needs be that offenses come. Some are disposed to evil ; others are incapable of reflection. These are the small minority, but they furnish all the cases for special discipline. Accordingly, there has been no instance, in the history of the institution, of a general insubordination, and few instances of combinations to resist authority. The students' college paper was started in 1867, by Joseph B. Battelle, of the class of 1868. It was called by him the Western Collegian, under which name it was published for seven years. Its form was then changed, and it was called the Transcript. The editors are members of the senior class, are elected by their fellows, and have the financial responsibility of the paper. Since 1874, the ladies of the senior class at Monnett Hall have had a representation in the editorial corps. The Association of Alumni was formed in 1849. The number of Alumni was then but twenty-two; it is now 750. All graduates in curse are eligible to membership, and all students who have studied in the university three years and have afterward received an honorary degree. In 1872, the Association, with the cordial consent of the Board of Trustees, was admitted, under a general law of the State, to a representation in the Board equal to that of each patronizing annual conference. The Alumni are destined here, as in the older colleges of the country, to become eventually the great controlling power in the institution. Twelve of the number already hold seats in the Board ; eight of the positions in the faculty are held by graduates ; one of their number (Mr. Wright) has endowed a chair in his Alma Mater; another (Mr. Mast) has given almost an equal amount for genera] purposes, and still others have together endowed another chair-the Alumni Chair of Natural History. These are evidently but the beginnings of things in this direction. The graduates are yet mostly young men, and have not risen to wealth or to commanding place; but, before another third of a century shall have passed, both wealth and place will be theirs, and will be used in the interests of the university. Regard for the Alma Mater has ever been a family tradition ; it strengthens with successive generations. This is the source of growth and power in the older colleges. The sons of the family, the benefactions of the family. are the inheritance of the college where the father graduated. It will be so here. Already sons of the older graduates are being enrolled among the Alumni beside their fathers. The drift. of patronage setting toward the university is shown by a single statement-six different families have each three sons among the Alumni, and fifty-three others have each two sons. If we include HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 379 the graduates of the female college in this list, it would make these numbers still more striking. Many more families would each be represented by several names, and some would count as many as five each among the graduates. Besides these, many families have each had several children as students who have not become graduates. The Alumni are represented during commencement week by an oration from one of their num- I her, chosen by themselves, and by a sermon from one of the number. appointed by the faculty. At the organization of the university there was but one course of study adopted ; substantially the same as had obtained for generations in the usages of colleges. Its basis was the classic languages. The study of Greek and Latin occupied most of the time in the preparatory classes. half of the time in the freshman and sophomore years, and one-third of the time for the last two years of the course. And this general arrangement continued with gradual modifications, till the year 1868., This, which was called the "classical course," or the "regular course," was the only one for which a degree was conferred. Two or three briefer courses, covering about three years' study, had, for a while; been instituted, and commended to such students as could not hope to complete the regular course. These were called the Scientific, the Biblical and the Normal courses: but to those who completed them, only a certificate of proficiency was given, and their names did not appear in the Triennial as "graduates.'' But new ideas have effected some change, in the old policy of the colleges. The literary world will be slow to admit that the best culture can be attained without an acquaintance with the classics. The classic tongues of Greece and Rome must ever continue the basis of all liberal learning ; yet, in the presence of other important, though not more "practical," studies, the classics have ceased to be the sole condition of college honors. In most institutions of the country, while the classics still maintain their foremost place for the " regular" course of study, a parallel course of equal or nearly equal extent has been established, with a preponderant amount of mathematical, and especially of scientific, work. For this course distinctive degrees have been provided. In 1868, such a course was first established in this university. It threw out the Greek language entirely, but required three years of Latin, and the study of one modern language. In addition to this, a certain amount of deviation from the studies of the regular course was allowed in the sophomore, and the junior years in favor of modern languages. or additional scientific studies. This is a safe compromise; and allows a sufficient latitude of election, without, at the same time, prescribing a course which can be called partial, or one-sided. The degrees given in the classical course are Bachelor of Arts, and, three years afterward; Master of Arts ; in the scientific course, Bachelor of Science. A second degree has not vet been established for the last course. The Normal Department has been revived, and a fair course of study, extending through three years, has been prescribed, adapted especially to those who would fit themselves for teaching in the common schools. It. is the hope of the university to make this course both attractive and useful to this large class of youth. A professional certificate, but no degree, is given to those who complete this course. All the above courses are now open to ladies. and some ladies are found in each of them but, since the union of the schools, a special ladies' course has been established. to meet the taste and wants of such as seek a thorough and liberal culture, yet do not desire to take the classical or scientific course. It covers the same time as these, but differs from them mainly in substituting for the Greek of the classical course, and the more extended mathematics and sciences of the scientific course, a thorough course in music, painting, drawing, and art criticism. Upon the graduates in this course is conferred the degree of Bachelor of Literature. Education is, the world over, largely a gratuity; and especially so in the higher institutions of learning. In the older and better-endowed colleges, no student pays one-tenth of the actual cost of his education. Grounds, buildings, cabinets, libraries, endowments, and all the educational appliances of science and art are the gifts of the founders of the school to the students who attend it. A college; to be eminently successful in its work, should have all these before it opens its doors to the public. Fortunately; this is sometimes realized in the benfactions of wealthy men. But in former times, in this Western country, neither State nor denominational schools could afford to wait for the accumulation of all these before beginning their work, and the result was, that most of our schools were started upon very meager foundations. Such was the case with the Ohio Wesleyan University. The Board of Trustees started with nothing, and were 380 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. in debt. To secure a present support and a future growth was, of course, a matter of immediate and vital concern. The only resources of the institution were the contributions of its friends, and these, at first, came slowly and sparingly, and it was not until 1849 that the indebtedness for the purchase-money was all paid. Meanwhile the conferences were deviling plans for the endowment of the university. In 1843, the Ohio Conference appointed Revs. Frederick Merrick and Uriah Heath, agents to raise funds from donations to the university, or by the sale of scholarships entitling the bearer to tuition, at the rate of $100 for five years. The following year, the North Ohio Conference appointed similar agents to work within its bounds. These. agents, in the course of two years, had obtained subscriptions and notes for scholarships to the amount of about $50,000, and some donations of land worth perhaps $15,000 more. The interest on these notes, and some tuition fees, constituted the sole revenue of the institution for the support of the faculty. As the sale of scholarships progressed, the tuition gradually fell to nothing. The faculty was then wholly dependent on the income from the endowment note. But, though agents were continued in the field for the sale of scholarships, the aggregate did not perceptibly increase. At the end of six Years, the institution was still on the borders of inanition; the total net assets were estimated at only $70,000, and, of this, the endowment money and subscriptions reached only $54,000. It was evident, that, unless a more effective policy were adopted, the school was destined to failure, or. at best. to a feeble career. At length, in the summer of 1849. the faculty, at the suggestion of Professor Johnson, devised and proposed to the Board of Trustees a system of scholarships at a much cheaper rate than those at first sold. It was hoped that these would be popular, and be sold to an extent sufficient to give the institution both money and students for, at least, all present necessities. The Board held a special session to consider the subject, September 24, 1849, at Dayton. where the Ohio Conference was in session. The measure was felt to be perilous; a failure would jeopard all: and they deliberated a long time before they came to any conclusion. Finally, with the approval of the conference, the Board adopted the plan, and ordered the sale of scholarships, entitling the holder to tuition, at the following rates: (1) For three years' tuition, $15 ; (2) for four years' tuition, $20; (3) for six years' tuition, 25; (4) for eight years' tuition, $30. The system was needlessly complex ; the second and fourth rates alone would have been better than the four; and the price could have been one-half higher without lessening their salableness. But the success which crowned the effort has quieted all criticisms. Three agents were appointed by each conference to put the new scholarships upon the market. In two years, they had sold nearly three thousand, and paid into the treasury of the university, besides the expense of the agency and the support of the faculty meanwhile, a suin sufficient to raise the nominal endowment, in 1854, to a round $100,000.* Part of this amount was still in unproductive land. and part in uncollected scholarship notes. But the income for the following year was estimated to be $8,500, which the Committee of Ways and Means, in their report to the Board, say "will be amply sufficient to meet and defray all current expenses." In view of this hopeful condition of the finances, the salaries of the faculty were now increased as follows: The President was paid $1,000; the professors, $1,000 each; the tutors, $500 each. The value of the real estate, and other property of the university, had also largely increased ; and may be estimated at another $100,000. Thus, the end of the first decennium saw the institution in a healthful financial condition, and with good prospects for the future. But the most gratifying result of the new scholarship system was the increase in the enrollment of students. In 1850, before the effort began, the number of students was 257 ; in 1851, after the agents had been a year at work, the number was 506, nearly double the attendance of the previous year. This was not an unexpected result; indeed, one of the dangers that had been predicted was that of overwhelming numbers. But the friends of the measure relied on the general laws of average in such cases, and anticipated just about the number that came. They could readily enough instruct this number, or even more. Their greatest inconvenience was the lack of a chapel. * The exact number of scholarships sold was 3,740, calling for a little more than 25,000 years of tuition. An average annual attend ance of 500 students would exhaust this large aggregate in fifty years. As the attendance has not averaged this figure, the period might be somewhat prolonged; but it is estimated that probably one-third of the number will never be claimed. Many person bought scholarships simply to help the institution; and others have lost or forgotten their certificates. Recently, the agents of the university have resumed the selling of scholarships. HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 381 This exigency constituted an appeal to the church, to which it was prompt to respond. On July 26, 1851, the corner-stone was laid of a building large enough for a chapel, and a number of recitation rooms. The building, which cost about $16,000, was dedicated the following year. It has since been named Thomson Chapel, in honor of the first President. The agencies for the endowment and building fund were continued with little interruption ; and it will be seen by reference to the table of statistics further on that the endowment slowly increased for a number of years. At length in 1866. the centennial year of American Methodism, a general advance was made throughout the connection. Educational interests were everywhere the foremost ; and in Ohio, the result. of the effort was a large addition to the funds of the university. A portion was devoted to building and genera improvement; and the endowment was increased to considerably more than $200,000. Unfortunately, there sources for building and grounds did not prove as ample as was hoped; and, after the " hard times" of 1873 set in, it was deemed necessary to draw upon the endowment for these purposes. About $40,000 were thus consumed. The growth of this fund has; nevertheless, been so constant, that the heavy draft on it has been more than made good. The actual endowment is now a little above a quarter of a million dollars ; and each of the four patronizing conferences has undertaken the endowment of another professorship, in the amount severally, of, at least, $30,000. Such efforts are easier now than they once were. In the Central Ohio Conference more than this amount is secured, and the other conferences will probably soon accomplish their undertaking. The prospect is hopeful for even better things than these. Of the amounts given by individuals to the university, it is proper to name a few. Mr. Jedediah Allen early gave a tract of ground in Marion County, which he estimated at $15,000 ; it was 'finally sold for nearly $18,000. Thomas Parrott. Esq., of Dayton, one of the Trustees, bequeathed in 1864, $20,000, which was devoted to the endowment of the chair of Mathematics. John R. Wright, Esq., of Cincinnati, another Trustee, and an alumnus, has paid in $25,000, and obtained subscriptions from others to the amount of $5,000 more, for the endowment of the chair of Greek. Phineas P. Mast, Esq., also a trustee and alumnus, has paid in $10,000, besides other benefactions. Mrs. Eliza Chrisman. now of Topeka, Kan., has paid $10,000, and subscribed an additional $10,000 to the chair of Biblical Literature. Judge D. J. Corey, of Findlay, has paid $10,000. Mrs. Rebecca Brown, of Bellefontaine, has given a tract of land adjacent to that town, estimated to be worth $10,000, toward the endowment of the chair of Latin. John B. Kessler, of Troy, Ohio, left a bequest (1868) which yielded about $8,000. Mr. William L. Ripley, of Columbus, has bequeathed (1880) his estate to the university, which, it is thought, will eventually yield $30,000. In addition to these, the Board of Trustees has been notified of other wills executed in theirfavor, some of which will add amounts as large as the last named. One very liberal provision in behalf of the university, worth probably $10,000 a year, which had been secured to the institution by will carefully executed many years before the death of the testator, was finally lost by his revocation of the will in extreme old age, and at the point of death. Recently, the university has been in the receipt of various sums, to an aggregate of about $20,000, on which it agrees to pay certain annuities, upon the condition, that, at the death of the annuitants, the sums thus given shall fall to the institution. By the benefactions of one or two friends, and by contributions from the conferences and the Church Educational Society, the university has an annual sum of about five hundred dollars for the help of worthy young men. The amount given to each is small. and usually in the form of a loan. The late John Taylor, of Zanesville, Ohio, left to the university for this cause, a property worth $10,000, which will be realized, however, only at a future day. It were to be wished that the institution had some immediate provision of generous amount for a student's aid fund, like that found in some of the Eastern colleges. Occasional prizes for excellence in scholarship have been offered by friends, but no systematic provision of this nature has yet been made. In 1853, Mr. William Sturges, of Putnam, Ohio, offered the university a very liberal subscription for a library, on condition that within the year, a further subscription of $15,000 should be secured for a suitable library building. Prof. Merrick undertook the agency for this, as he had for the chapel, and raised the amount within a few weeks. The building, which bears the name of Mr. Sturges, was finished and dedicated in 1856. Meanwhile President Thomson had visited Europe and purchased a very valuable library of about 382 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. three thousand volumes with the money-$6,600 -paid by Mr. Sturges. Two large alcoves in the library are the contributions respectively of Dr. Joseph M. Trimble, and William A. Ingham, Esq., who are still making annual additions to their shelves. The widow of the late Rev. Dr. Charles Elliot has given the bulk of his private library, rich in patristic and controversial literature, to the university; and other persons have made valuable additions to the general stock. The library now catalogues about ten thousand volumes. The library-room is open daily for about eight hours; its tables are well supplied with periodical literature, and the use of all is free to the students of the university. In connection with Mr. Ingham's contributions to the library, should be named the liberal foundation given by him, in 1870, for a course of lectures on the Evidences of Revealed and Natural Religion. In pursuance of his wish, the faculty selected ten of the ablest thinkers they could find to deliver such a course before the university. The lectures were heard with profound interest and satisfaction by very large audiences, and, after the completion of the course, were gathered and published (1873) in a volume, which will long remain among the ablest discussions known to the church. In 1859, the university purchased from Dr. William Prescott, of Concord, N. H., his cabinet of natural history, valued at $10,000. This cabinet was large, and, in some of the departments, very complete. But there was no room on the premises large enough for displaying its riches, except the chapel. This, which already seemed small for the wants of the institution, the Trustees at once appropriated to the uses of the cabinet. It was fitted up for this purpose, and so remained until 1874. Meanwhile the chapel services were held, at first. in the lecture-room of the Methodist church, but afterward, by dividing the students into two sections, in one of the large lecture-rooms of the university. In 1869, the Board began the erection of a large stone building on the high ground near the spring. This was intended for recitation-rooms and for chapel. A failure of the building fund delayed this building till 1873. Its cost was about $40,000, a large portion of which was finally taken from the endowment fund. It bears the name of President Merrick- " Merrick Hall." Upon its completion, it was thought that, the room designed for chapel afforded a more convenient place for cabinets and museum, and they have finally been arranged there. Large additions have been made to the cabinets. In 1858, Dr. R. P. Mann, of Milford Center, Ohio, at great expense of his own time and of money, made for the university a collection of many thousand fossils and rocks, illustrative of the geological ages. These are arranged in a separate cabinet, adjacent to the Prescott cabinet. William Wood, Esq.. of Cincinnati, has contributed, at the expense of about $3,000, a full set of the Ward casts of fossils. These wonderful and monstrous forms are faithful reproductions of originals from the best scientific museums of the world. A very good beginning of an archaeological museum is already made, of about a thousand relics. These collections taken together contain probably a hundred thousand specimens. The old chapel was now restored to its former use. The Lecture Association of the students con' tributed $800 toward the furnishing of the chapel, and, by the efforts of the faculty and the senior class, a fine organ was placed in the chapel at an expense of over $1,600. The audience-room has capacity for about six hundred sittings, but ha: grown too small for all occasions, except daily prayers. The commencement exercises were held here for a few years; but no building has capacity for the crowds that now attend these annual celebrations. For many years the commencement have been held in the grove of the college campus. Excursion trains are run from the neighboring cities, and the attendance has been estimated as high as 5,000. The college campus, of about twenty-five acres, has a diversified character, which art has greatly improved. In 1872, Messrs. Wright and Mast, of the Board of Trustees, spent about $5,000 in re-constructing the surface, making walks and drives draining and planting. These improvements were on the northern part of the grounds. The southern additions have recently been filled and re-graded It was in the plan of these generous alumni to slope the front of the lot to the level of the street but the day has not yet come for this work. Another friend of the University, and of science Rev. Joseph H. Creighton, of the Ohio Conference, has given largely of his money, and yet, more of his time, to the establishment of an arboretun on the college grounds. This contemplates the planting of at least one specimen of every tree domestic or exotic, that can be made to grow it this climate and soil. Since 1867, Mr. Creighton HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 383 has, under singular difficulties, gathered, planted, and properly labeled nearly one thousand varieties of trees and shrubs. When this plan is completed, the collection will add greatly to the embellishment of the grounds, as well as give them a scientific value found in but one other instance in the United States. The Ohio Wesleyan Female College is of more recent origin. In the establishment of the university. no provision was made for the education of women. But there was a felt want of some institution at this place which should give to the daughters of the church the same privileges of education as were afforded to the sons. The rapid growth and the success of the university increased this sense of want, especially in the case of families whose sons were entered in the university. The first to attempt to supply this demand were the Rev. William Grissell and wife, who came to this place in 1850. Encouraged by the citizens. Mr. Grissell bought the old academy building in South Delaware and opened a ladies' school in September of that year. The attendance was encouraging: but, in 1852, Mr. Grissell found that he could no longer carry on the school with success. At this time the idea of a college for ladies was taking hold of the public mind, and several meetings were held in relation to the matter. Meanwhile (in 1852) the parish now known as St. Paul's, in South Delaware, had been constituted of a small congregation of about thirty members, mostly from William Street M. E. Church, of which the Rev. John Quigley was appointed Pastor. They met for worship in the chapel of Mr. Grissell's school ; and, in order to retain their place of worship, and for other local reasons, encouraged the movement for a college on this site. Accordingly the property was bought from Mr. Grissell, and an organization effected under the name of "The Delaware Female College." But it was felt by many that the location for a college must be more eligible, and the accomodations more ample than the old academy and two-fifths of an acre of ground could present. To Dr. Ralph Hills is due the first suggestion of the homestead of the late William Little as the most desirable site. This suggestion met with instant favor, and, when it was found that the family would consent to sell, an organization was at once effected, articles of association adopted and a subscription opened to obtain the needed amount. The result was, that in April, 1853, "The Ohio Wesleyan Female College " acquired "a local habitation and a name." The property which the incorporators bought contained seven acres, to which three acres were subsequently added. The price paid for the original purchase was $7,000, and for the addition nearly as much more. The grounds were beautiful and, romantic, and the house on these grounds was large and commodious. The property was at once offered to the North Ohio Conference, and accepted by that body, with the right of perpetuation of the Board of Trustees. Subsequently, the Central Ohio Conference and the Ohio Conference became joint patrons of the school with equal rights. In the course of the first year, the necessity for more room was felt, and a two-story wooden house with large recitation-rooms was erected as a temporary relief. This served the purpose for a few years, but the continued growth of the school led, in 1855, to larger plans. One wing of the present building was first erected, then, after some years, the central block and the other wing. This building is ample for the accomodation of 150 boarders and for twice as many day-pupils. It has a large chapel, recitation-rooms, studios, library, society hall, parlors, refectory and other appliances for a first-class school. Few college buildings in the State equal it ; none surpass it in convenience or adaptation to the demands of a school and home. The means for all this expenditure were raised mostly through the labors of agents appointed by the patronizing conferences. Of these, the Rev. Joseph Ayers, at that time Presiding Elder of the Delaware district, was the first; and a large part of the initial labor of founding the school was done by him. Subsequent laborers in the same field were Revs. Samuel Lynch, Wesley J. Wells, John A. Berry, Thomas Barkdull and others. These agents did not have an unreaped field in which to gather, as the university agents were also at work during the same years. But, by indefatigable effort, the means were gradually obtained, and the end was at last reached. Of the many who contributed to this cause, particular mention must be made of Miss Mary Monnett, now Mrs. John W. Bain, a pupil of the school, who, in 1857, gave $10,000 toward the building fund. It is, perhaps, not too much to say that her timely help made success possible, and, in recognition of her benefaction, the entire f building bears the name of "Monnett Hall." The school has always been self-supporting, and, for most of the time, the tuition and the boarding have not only paid the faculty, but have yielded some revenue for the general purposes of the 384 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. institution. A scheme for an endowment, similar to that of the university was at one time proposed, but the attempt was soon abandoned, and no permanent fund was ever secured. In 1866, certain ladies, mostly Alumnae of the institution, organized themselves into an association to raise a fund for a college library. In pursuance of their plan. they had soon raised about $2,000, which sum the Trustees borrowed for the completion of the college buildings, as being just then a more pressing want than the acquisition of a library. But, in 1869, Mr. William A. Ingham, of Cleveland, who had undertaken to fill an alcove in the university library, gave this college also $1,000 worth of books, in honor of his wife, formerly Miss Mary B. Janes, who in 1858-62, had been the teacher of French and belles-lettres in the college. In view of this donation, the Board ordered the Executive Committee to fit up a library and reading-room in the central building, and to invest $1,000 of the ladies library fund in books. The balance of the loan. the Board had not repaid to the association when the union of the schools took place, and. in view of the lark library which thus became accessible to the ladies, and the inability of the Board. the association forbore the formal collection of the amount. Aside from these two generous provisions, no movement has been made for the internal wants of the school. Prof Oran Faville, M. A., of McKendree College, Illinois, was elected the first President of the college, and Mrs. Maria M. Faville, the first Preceptress. Their united salary was fixed at the sum of $1,000. A number of other teachers were appointed in the Academic and Musical Departments. The first term opened August 4, 1853, and the calendar was arranged to agree with that of the university. The enrollment the first year was 159, and the number of pupils attending each year since has generally largely exceeded 200, and has sometimes reached 300. In 1855, President Faville's health compelled his resignation, and he removed to Iowa, of which State he was subsequently Lieutenant Governor and Commissioner of Public Instruction. He died about 1870. His successors were the Rev. James A. Dean, who remained but a short time, and Rev. Charles D. Burritt, who also resigned before the end of a year. The Rev. Park S. Donelson. D. D., was elected in 1856, and remained President for seventeen years, until 1873, when he engaged in pastoral work. The next President, and the last before the union of the two institutions, was William Richardson, M. A., who had been favorably known in the public-school work, and who, in 1877 , resigned to re-enter that field as Superintendent of the Schools of Chillicothe. The degrees conferred by the institution were Mistress of English Literature for those who took the scientific course, and Mistress of Liberal Arts for those who took the classical course. The latter course embraced studies largely the same; at first, as those in the university, except Greek. This language, too, was finally included as optional, and upon the few who took the entire course the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred. The graduates of the college numbered. in 1877, over 400. They have long had an alumnal organization; and the resident graduates have, for many years, maintained a literary association with monthly re-unions. One of the original articles of association, adopted in 1853, reads as follows: "Article IX. If the conference or conferences patronizing this college, and the conferences patronizing the Ohio Wesleyan an University, located in Delaware. Ohio, shall, at any future time, recommend the union of the two institutions, as far as can legally be effected, then the Trustees of this college. on their part, shall proceed to take such steps as may be legal and necessary to accomplish this object." Such, even at that early day was the hope of at least some who participated in the establishment of the new college. But the times were not yet ripe for the desired result. It was not until a quarter of at century had passed that the friends of this movement felt themselves strong enough to act. The Trustees of the female college were now almost unanimous in favor of the proposition, but not so the Trustees of the university. The committees on the subject at first reported adversely, and then asked the judgment of the conference in the premises. A vote in these bodies was obtained, either instructing the two boards to unite the schools, or, at least, referring it to their discretion. The Association of Alumni also voted in favor of the union, and sent a deputation to the university Board to urge the measure upon their consideration. At length, the pressure of sentiment outside convinced the most conservative that the step was both inevitable and safe, if not desirable. Finally, in 1877, the Board unanimously adopted a resolution, that, if the Trustees of the female HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. - 385 college should discontinue the academic work of that school, and transfer the property, free from debt, to the Trustees of the university, they would accept the property, and open the university to ladies, and would. establish a special course of study of high order for ladies, with appropriate degrees for the completion of the course. They voted further, that, in case of the discontinuance of the female college; the university, under this arrangement, would adopt the Alumnae of that institution on such terms as might be found desirable. The Trustees of the female college at once accepted this proposition, and conveyed to the university the school and all the property in their possession. A debt of about $7,000, incurred by the Trustees for additions to the campus, was paid by the Central Ohio Conference from the amount raised for the university by its agents ; and thus the university came into the unincumbered possession of a property worth at least $100,000, had at once an addition of nearly two hundred students per annum to its enrollment, and gained an increase of 30 per cent in its income. There were other gains. The union of the schools removed a distracting question from the councils of the university and the church, put this large and influential school abreast of the sentiment and progress of the age, and concentrated upon itself the interest and the benefactions which had been diverted to another institution. or altogether lost between the conflicting claims of the two rival schools. Three years of experience have confirmed the wisdom of this action. The distance of Monnett Ilall from the university occasions, as had been foreseen, sonic inconvenience in the arrangements of the classes, especially of those in which both sexes are represented. These meet, according to circumstances, in one locality or the other, but all the classes in which ladies largely outnumber the gentlemen are taught at Monnett Hall. Separate chapel exercises are also held at the latter place for the accommodation of the house boarders. But all these are matters of detail, and at most occasion a little trouble to the faculty or the stn dents. The advantages from the union are s manifest and so great that, in summing up the result, minor inconveniences can be patiently adjusted or quietly ignored. Co-education in Del aware is an unqualified and large success. The Ohio Business College and Normal Institute was originally established on the 9th of April 1866. Messrs. J. W. Sharp and R. R. Hind opened what was then called the "Commercial and Chirographic Institute." The object of the school was to supply a want not met by either the public, school or the university, viz., that of a special training in penmanship, book-keeping, commercial law, arithmetic, as applied to business, business forms, customs, etc. The citizens of Delaware, as well as the country around, gave the enterprise a liberal support. This encouraged Messrs, Sharp and Hinds to lay the foundations for a permanent school, which they did, changing the name (in 1867) to the "Ohio Business College." In this year, they added a Telegraphic and a Normal Department, placing at the head of the former Mr. M. M. Chase, an accomplished electrician and practical telegrapher. Owing to the consolidation of the two principal telegraphic companies of the United States into one, many operators were thrown out, of emplowment, and the demand for operators decreased to such an extent as to render the telegraphic department impracticable, in consequence of which Mr. Chase severed his connection with the school. The Normal Department became a valuable feature of the school. This department was also established to meet a want. not met by either the high school or the college, viz., the special preparation of teachers of common schools for their work. In all of its undertakings, the Ohio Business College has studiously avoided anything like rivalry with the high school or the university. In the Normal Department two terms a year are held, one in the spring and the other in the fall. In 1870, Prof. Hinds disposed of his interest to Prof. J W. Waful, a penman of rare ability. The next year, Prof. Sharp purchased Waful's interest, and has remained sole proprietor of the school, employing assistants from time to time as occasion requires. In 1873, the course of study in the Business Department was revised and enlarged. A system of actual business practice was adopted, in which the student actually fills out all bills, invoices. t notes, checks, drafts, orders, receipts, etc., such as would occur in actual business. College currency o was engraved to represent cash, and used by the e pupil in buying and selling precisely the same as y cash. This system of actual business practice was pronounced by the Commission at the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, "The most perfect possible." Since the establishment of the Ohio Business College, more than two thousand pupils have been 386 - HISTORY OF DELAWARE COUNTY. enrolled, averaging about one hundred and fifty yearly. About two hundred and fifty have completed the full business course. A larger number have been in attendance in the business course during the present year than at any previous time. Since the recent revival of business, pupils who have completed the business course, have found no trouble in getting good situations as-book-keepers There are but few business colleges in the Union in which the same Principal has stood at the head so long as in this one. STATISTICS OF OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY Year Real estate Endowment. Income No. of No. of other Seniors Juniors Sopho- Fresh- Preparatory Total Cabinets Profess- Instruct- mores men and other Library Ors Ors. courses 1845 $15,500 ......... ........ 2 2 0 2 2 14 92 110 1846 4 2 1 1 10 15 135 162 1847 .............. ............. ......... 4 3 2 8 9 12 140 172 1848 ............. ............. ......... 5 1 9 7 8 16 154 194 1849 ............. ............. ......... 5 1 9 4 9 19 139 180 1850 .............. $ 54,000 ......... 5 2 6 5 13 14 219 257 1851 .............. 71,000 ......... 4 5 5 11 12 18 460 506 1852 ............. 106,000 ......... 4 6 8 11 16 17 540 592 1853 ............... 108,000 ........... 5 4 12 9 10 27 472 580 1854 ............... 110,000 .......... 5 3 6 12 16 24 536 594 1855 ............ 112,000 $ 9,200 5 3 12 9 18 67 405 511 1856 72,000 113,000 8,536 5 4 10 14 37 47 433 541 1857 77,000 115,000 8,652 5 3 12 25 41 42 406 526 1858 77,000 116,000 ........... 5 3 24 27 42 50 343 486 1859 77,000 116,000 8,910 5 3 25 32 44 46 396 543 1860 82,000 116,000 8,228 5 3 21 25 36 57 320 459 1861 82.000 116,000 8,943 5 5 26 23 55 53 266 423 1862 82,000 116,000 9,913 5 4 17 26 33 42 189 307 1863 82,000 114,000 9,809 5 2 18 25 20 31 185 297 1864 82,000 114,000 10,835 5 2 24 18 31 41 246 360 1865 84,000 129,000 11,305 7 1 14 27 33 45 291 410 1866 84,000 131,000 13,533 8 1 22 28 38 69 394 551 1867 95,000 185,000 12,864 8 2 28 36 72 85 243 497 1868 95,000 206,000 16,388 8 2 37 33 77 82 200 438 1869 100,000 212,000 15,110 8 3 25 43 63 79 183 393 1870 128,000 230,000 19,765 8 1 39 47 63 88 185 417 1871 128,000 230,000 16,749 8 2 44 41 59 88 183 415 1872 157,000 230,000 18,762 9 2 44 48 45 57 225 419 1873 175,000 234,000 16,305 8 3 44 48 45 57 223 417 1874 178,000 235,000 16,953 8 4 36 32 36 47 223 374 1875 180,000 240,000 17,765 7 3 27 38 33 44 224 366 1876 180,000 220,000 16,973 8 3 37 26 27 38 207 335 1877 180,000 233,000 22,866 8 2 29 21 34 37 201 323 1878 230,000 244,000 30,023 9 11 37 44 52 59 420 612 1879 231,000 251,000 32,837 8 11 39 51 55 41 429 615 (RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE)