200 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. members, the name of the church was changed to that of First Congregational Church of Columbus, and the polity of that denomination was adopted altogether. Rev. J. M. Steele, from New Hampshire, was installed as pastor, .November 7, 1856. The very acceptable labors of Mr. Steele were of short duration. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Located on Broad, between High and State streets. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 201 Visiting the city of New York, on business, he was seized with small-pox, and died there. April 5, 1857. Rev. N. A. Hyde, of New York, officiated as stated supply, from December, 1857, to June 1, 1858. The church edifice, on Broad street, facing the State-house Square, was dedicated December 21, 1857. Rev. Henry B. Elliott, from Connecticut, was installed as pastor November 9, 1858. His labors continued until May 11, 1860, when he resigned the pastorate, and the resignation was accepted. Rev. Edward P. Goodwin, from Vermont, accepted a call as pastor, and was installed February 26, 1861. Mr. Goodwin con tinned as pastor until December 15, 1867, when he resigned to accept a call to Chicago. Rev. George W. Phillips, from Massachusetts, was installed as Mr. Goodwin's successor, May 12, 1868. Mr. Phillips resigned his pastorate September 24, 1871, and returned to Massachusetts. A call was extended to Rev. Robert G. Hutchins, of Brooklyn, New York, to become pastor, as the successor of Mr. Phillips. The call was accepted, and Mr. Hutchins entered upon his labors here, Sunday, October 27, 1872. Marked prosperity has attended the labors of the foregoing pastors, and revivals have occured under several of them, especially those of Mr. Marble, Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Goodwin. Six hundred and fifty-one members were received into the church up to the close of the labors of Mr. Phillips. Many of these have been dismissed to other localities, and not a few have died. The present active membership (December, 1872) is about three hundred. The church building on Broad street has just been remodeled and enlarged, and a building for Sunday-school and social purposes, adjoining the church, erected at an expense of about twenty-five thousand dollars. The present officers of the church and society are: Pastor—Rev. Robert G. Hutchins; Deacons—M. P. Ford, F. C. Sessions, L. L. Rice, E. D. Phillips, D. G. Smith, and 13. D. Hills; Clerk and Treasurer—M. P. Ford; Trustees—G. W. Wakefield, F. C. Sessions, B. F. Reese, Rufus Main, H. S. Babbitt, and C. L. Clark; Clerk—B. D. Hills; Treasurer—J. A. Jeffrey. 202 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. HIGH STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. Located on the northwest corner of High and Russell streets. The corner-stone of this new church edifice, to be erected on the west. side of High street; north of Capital University, was laid on Monday afternoon, September 9, 1872, in the presence of a large assembly of people. A prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Kelsey, of the First or Broad Street Congregational Church, and an address was delivered by Rev. A. Hastings Ross, pastor of the Springfield Congregational Church. L. L. Rice, superintendent of public printing, gave a brief sketch of the rise and progress of Congregationalism in this city. The corner-stone was then laid in its proper position, Rev. Mr. Merrill placing in the aperture prepared a tin box, containing a brief history of the organization; names of officers, of teachers, and Sabbath-school pupils ; names of the building committee; minutes of the State Conference held at Marietta in June, 1872; names of all the ministers of the denomination in the State; a copy of the Advance, printed at Chicago, and a copy of each of the papers printed in this city. The exercises were closed with the usual ceremonies. This church was organized March 9, 1872, twenty-seven members from the First Church having been dismissed at their own request, for the purpose, and eleven from other churches, uniting in the organization. They have a fine church building, located in the north part of the city, in the midst of an intelligent and fast increasing population. Rev. S. M. Merrill has, until recently, supplied their pulpit, in a temporary chapel erected for the purpose, until the new church is completed. Mr. Merrill closed his services the 1st of November, and was succeeded by the Rev. A. H. Ross, in February, 1873. The demand for a church in that locality, and the enterprising character of the members engaged in the enterprise, give assurance of great prosperity and usefulness. The new church building occupied by the congregation, including the ground, cost about twenty thousand dollars. Mr. Drach was the architect. The building is 54 by 85 feet in size, two stories, built of brick, with trim- CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 208 mings of stone and galvanized iron. The style of architecture is English gothic. OFFICERS OF THE CHCRCH : Deacons—S. M. Ifotchkiss, C. H. Walker, L. P. Rose, W. Jenkins ; Clerk and Treasurer—B. C. Beach ; Trustees—W. A. Ilershiser, S. E. Samuel, David Price. THIRD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was organized during the summer of' 1872, by a council called for the purpose, and is located in the northeast quarter of the city, inhabited chiefly by employees and operatives in the shops and furnaces Springing up in that region. They own an eligible lot. donated for church purposes, on which a small but pleasant chapel was erected several years since, where an interesting Sunday-school has been maintained through the enterprise of a finv individuals, whose perseverance in the past gives assurance of success in the future. Only occasional preaching has been enjoyed to the present time, The present officers are: Joseph J. Davis, deacon; J. J. Davis, F. C. Sessions, and J. Bardmore, trustees; and Wm. Davis, clerk. WELCH PRESBYTERIAN OR CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was organized by the Rev. Dr. James Hoge, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, about Christmas, 1837. it consisted originally of twelve members only (three men and nine women), of whom, we believe, but two survive—David Davis and wife, residing in this city, on Eighth street. The first officers were David Davis, elder, and William Jones, deacon. The church has, since its organization, met regularly every Sunday for worship, and kept up a regular Sunday-school, though it has been much of the time without a preacher or a pastor. The first preacher was Rev. Hugh Price, who commeneed in 1838, and continued about two years, preaching, however, half the time in Dublin. His successors were : Rev. Seth Powell, for four year,, and Rev. James Price, for a year and a half. The church was then, for some time, without regular preaching. Rev. B. Evans was then engaged for a year and it half; Rev. Reese Powell, for five years ; 1 cv. John H. Jones, for four 204 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. years; and Rev, Reese Powell, being engaged the second time, remained ten years, or till 1869. Rev. John Jones was then engaged for about a year and a half. After his terns, Rev. Mr. Evans, a resident of this city; preached occasionally ; but we understand the church has at present no resident preacher or pastor. The first meetings of the church, after its organization, were held in a school-house, situated on an alley between High and Front streets, and north of Broad Street. After meeting at this place for about a year, several other locations were occupied in succession, as the Baptist Church on Front street, another schoolhouse, and the private residence of David Davis. Finally, a brick school-house, on the corner of Fourth and Oak streets, was rented at one dollar per month, and there the congregation met until its present house of worship was built in 1845. This is a frame building, thirty-three by twenty-six feet, erected on ground bought for the purpose, on the north side of Town street, and between Fifth and Sixth streets. The site is the west half of lot No. 59 of Kelley, Northrup & Kerr's heirs addition to Columbus, called "AIlotment of Central Reserve." The congregation at first bought the whole lot of Mr. Northrup for $500, but soon afterward sold the east half to Thomas Jones, for $250. The Town Street Welsh Church was, in 1849, reduced to its original number (twelve), by a large portion of its members leaving to help form the Welsh Methodist Calvinistic Church, worshiping on Long street. The Town Street Church was incorporated April 10, 1872, under the name of the “Welsh Congregational Church," with the following persons named as trustees : David Price. John Davies, John Bain, Richard Brown, and Jonathan Stephens. The average number of members of the church is about seventy, and of the Sunday-school about forty. The elders are David Davis and John Davis. The deacons are John Bain and David Phillips. BAPTIST CHURCHES. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. The history of this church runs through a period of nearly fifty years. In February, 1823, Rev. George Jefries, a Baptist clergyman, settled in Columbus. and immediately commenced CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 205 preaching in his own house. A few Baptists were gathered, and in the course of the first year two persons were baptized. In the spring of 1824, eleven persons, five males and six females, organized themselves into a congregation, and on the 15th day of May they were duly recognized by an ecclesiastical council, and received into the sisterhood of churches. Elder Jeffries, as he was called, continued to preach to the church, and in April, 182.5, was formally called to be its pastor. He continued for some time to hold meetings in his own house, with little or no pecuniary compensation. He spent a part of his time in manual labor, preaching a portion of the time to churches in the adjacent country. In 1830, it appears Elder Jeffries built a school-house, to which the meetings were transferred, the church contributing, as the record says, $4.95 in money, and two and three-fourths' days work "toward fixing the school-house built by Elder Jeffries for the purpose of having meetings in." This school-house was between Front and Mound streets, in the rear of the present St. Paul's German Lutheran Church. In April, 1831, the church purchased a lot on Front street, near the corner of Mound, paying for it $175. On this a small brick church was erected, built at great sacrifices on the part of the few members, the pastor and his wife, as well as other members laboring with their own hands to complete it. On the Saturday before the first Sunday in May, 1832, they held their first season of worship in their new house. This building is still standing, and is now occupied as a dwelling-house. In the fall of 1833, a number of Welsh Baptists having moved into the city, they organized themselves into a church, under the guidance of Rev. John Harris, from Wales, and for some time continued to worship by themselves. In the meantime several prominent Baptists having moved into the city, and thinking the church under Mr. Jeffries as not sufficiently aggressive, and not taking the stand in the community the importance of the cause demanded, determined to make a move for a more efficient organization. An appeal was made to the American Baptist Home Mission Society for aid. As the result of this movement, the Rev. T. R. Cressy was commisioned 206 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. by that society, and sent to labor as a missionary in Columbus. He arrived in the city in the summer of 1835, and immediately commenced preaching. A general meeting of all interested was called, to see what could be done to consolidate the Baptist element of the city into one organization. This meeting was held in Trinity Episcopal Church, on Broad street, on the lot now occupied by Hayden's large business block, the rector, Rev. Mr. Preston having generously offered its use for this purpose. As the result of this conference, the independent Baptists and the Welsh church all united with the original organization, Mr. Jeffries resigning, and Mr. Cressy assuming the pastorate. Prominent among those who took part in this new movement were Rev. John Harris, Dr. J. B. Wheaton (for many years a prominent druggist in the city), Tunis Peters, Rufus Bixby, and William Thomas. The Welsh members were, from the first, and have continued to be, a useful and efficient element in the Baptist organization. Rev. John Harris may be said to be one of the efficient founders of the Baptist interest in the city. He was a devout and earnest man, whom all respected and loved. He preached both in Welsh and English. His devotion, his zealous exhortations and earnest prayers are well remembered by many at the present day. He died December 12, 1863, in the 77th year of his age. The union consummated, Mr. Cressy commenced with a church numbering in all fifty-six members. From this time we may date the substantial prosperity of the church. Mr. Cressy was an earnest and laborious pastor. His kind and sympathizing disposition, his integrity of character, his instructive preaching, often rising into commanding eloquence, secured for him the respect of the community and the love of his church. The location of the meetinghouse was found unfavorable, the accommodations it afforded insufficient, and a move was soon made for a larger and more commodious edifice. After considerable consultation, a lot was purchased of Dr. Goodale, on the corner of Rich and Third streets, for the sum $800. The location was then considered almost out of the city, Rich street not having yet been graded. The lot itself was in- CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 207 closed with a Virginia rail-fence, and covered with a growing crop of corn and potatoes. In their efforts to build, the church met with much encouragement from the community, many from other denominations contributing substantial aid, among whom special mention should be made of P. B. Wilcox, Esq., who encouraged them in the work both by counsel and pecuniary aid. Meetings were commenced in the lecture-room of the new church, April 6, 1837, but the house was not publicly dedicated and services held in the main audience-room, until November 1, 1840. The erection of such a house was a great undertaking for this church; but in the midst of their efforts their number was largely increased. During 1838 and 1839 the church was favored with an extensive revival, during which one hundred and thirty persons united with it by baptism. The pastorate of Mr. Cressy continued seven years. He resigned in July, 1842. Some still living in connection with the church remember with pleasure and gratitude his faithful labors. He commenced with fifty-six and left the church with one hundred and ninety-two members. The pastors since have been: Rev. Daniel Eldridge, two and one-half years; Rev. D. B. Cheney, five and one-half; Rev. Henry Davis, five; Rev. D. A. Randall, seven and one-fourth; Rev. George S. Chase, one and one-fourth; and Rev. J. W. Osborne, five years. In 1869, the house erected under the pastorate of Rev. T. R. Cressy was thoroughly remodeled and enlarged, at an expense of about $8,000, and will cost, when the tower is completed, about $13,000. The audience-room is 50 by 65 feet; the walls are finely frescoed in dark granite, the upper ceiling with heavy panel work. The gothic windows are set in stained glass of fine colors. The church is also supplied with an ample baptismal font, and has also a large and beautifully-finished basement for lectures and Sunday-school purposes, with class and dressing-rooms. The present number of members is about three hundred and fifty, with a large and efficient Sunday-school, of which L. D. Myers is superintendent. The church also maintains a mission school, in the north part of' the city, under the superintendence of B. J. Loomis. Here it has purchased a lot and erected 208 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. a chapel, at an expense of $1,600 to $1,800. The church also maintains a mission Sunday-school at Mt. Airy, in the northeast part of the city. The present pastor is Rev. 1. F. Stidham, late of Philadelphia, who commenced his labors October 1, 1872. The trustees of the church are Dr. J. M. Wheaton, L. D. Myers, Jeffrey Powell, B. J. Loomis, L. L. Smith, Abel Hildreth, A. B. Lawrence; James Somers, clerk, and Charles E. Batterson, treasurer. SECOND BAPTIST CHURCH. Located southeast corner of Gay and Lazelle streets. This is an organization formed in the year 1837, and has a membership at present numbering three hundred, The Sunday-school counected with this church numbers one hundred and twenty pupils. The present pastor is Rev. James Poindexter, and the superintendent of the Sunday-school is Wm. H. Roney. TRUSTEES.—A. Lewis, M. McGee, J. Dickey, Jas. Shelton. and M. Trent.. DEACONS. J. Hooper, E. Trent, C. Houston, N. Lynn, and J. Johnson. SHILOH BAPTIST CHURCH. This church is located on East Long, between Third and High streets. At a meeting held on the 8th of August, 1869, in Robert Rusk's building, corner of Fourth and Gay streets, an organization, with a membership numbering fifty-five, was effected. Prominent among the members were Elders James Shewcraft and F. Mitchell. The services of the congregation were continued at this place until November, 1871, when Colman C. Smith purchased the present church building from John Miller, banker, at a cost of $4,200. Rev. Elder L. B. Moss has been the pastor ever since the organization of the congregation. The officers of the church at present are as follows: Deacons—Henry Hill, Henry Allen, W. B. Ferguson, C. Richardson, James Shelton, Robert Johnson, and Wayman Baley. Trustees—C. C. Smith, C. K. Ha.ris, N. Baley, R. Johnson, and M. Randolph. Henry Hill, treasurer, and John M. Booker, clerk. The present number of members is one hundred and ninety; the number of Sunday-school pupils is twenty-three, with C. C. Smith, superintendent; W. B. Ferguson, assistant. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 209 LUTHERAN CHURCHES. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL ST. PAUL'S CHURCH. This is one of the oldest church organizations in the city, its origin dating as far back as 1821. For many years its services were held in a frame building on Third street, on the site of the present Universalist Church edifice. Several pastors served the congregation till 1843, when Rev. Conrad Mees, the present pastor, assumed the charge. The congregation, in 1844, erected a large brick church edifice on the southwest corner of High and Mound streets. Like many German congregations in this country, its growth was attended by many severe trials, both internal and external. A sad calamity befell the congregation on the 10th of October, 1856. Early in the morning of that day, a fire broke out in a long frame in the rear of Mr. English's building, on High street, opposite the court-house. The German St. Paul's Church, standing only a few feet north of the burning structure, fell a prey to the devouring flames, the bare walls only remaining. With the church, an organ, said to be the finest then in the city, was also destroyed. There was no insurance on either. The congregation began forthwith to build anew; and through its own exertions, the first anniversary of the fire was celebrated by the consecration of a new church edifice, the final completion of which is now in progress. The congregation is one of the largest in the city; with a Sunday-school and choir, which have retained their organizations intact during a period of thirty years, the time of service of the present pastor. TRINITY GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. This church was organized in 1847, by Rev. W. F. Lehmann, its first and only pastor. Its first meetings were held in Mecha.nies' Hall, southeast corner of High and Rich streets. It afterward met in the German Church, on Mound street, near Third, and at other places. Its present large church edifice, on the northeast corner of Third and South streets, was erected in 210 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. 1856 and 1857, the corner-stone having been laid, with appropriate ceremonies, early in 1856. It was dedicated near the close of that year, and as soon as the audience-room was completed. It is 561 by 105 feet, and will comfortably seat about 1,000 persons, and may be made to accommodate an audience of 1,100 or 1,200. The present number of communicating members is 577. The pastor is ex-officio president of the church council. The elders are Jacob Schmidt and Conrad Luft. The trustees are Andrew Bertsch, Peter Schille, and N. Huber. The deacons are, M. Suttler and F. Anthony, with two vacancies in the number. The secretary is John Gruebler, and the treasurer, Christian Scroth. The Sunday-school, which meets in the basement of the church on Sunday mornings, has an average attendance of about two hundred. Its superintendent is — Kuth. There are also regular catechetical exercises on Sunday afternoons. There are connected with the church three societies, having in view the furtherance of the interests of the congregation, called Men's, Women's, and Youths' Monthly Meetings. Besides, most of the members of the congregation are attached to an association organized for the care and support of sick members. FIRST ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH. Located on Rich street, between Seventh and Washington avenue. This organization had not, until the year 1868, a permanent place of worship. The cost of the building, erected in 1868, was about $12,000. The church membership numbers fifty, and the Sunday-school pupils number sixty. Rev. Joseph Beck, until lately, was the pastor. ELDERS.—Frederick Bentz and George Getz. DEACONS.—J. Zigler and John Hank. TRUSTEES.—A. F. Zigler, John Bowman, and John Eny. INDEPENDENT GERMAN PROTESTANT CHURCHES. THE GERMAN INDEPENDENT PROTESTANT CHURCH. Actuated by a desire for religious worship disconnected from their former fellow-worshipers in the Lutheran and Reformed German Protestant Churches, a number of German Protestant citizens niet at the residence of Henry Waas, February 6, 1843, and organized themselves under the name of the German Independent Protestant Church, with the following officers: Louis Hoster, president; N. Maurer and Otto Frankenberg, vice-presidents; Peter Ambos and J. P. Bruck, secretaries ; and Jacob Silbernagel, treasurer. TRUSTEES.—Daniel W'4 endel, Jacob Laurer, Andreas Dippel, David Bauer, Frederick Funke, George M. Unger, and Charles Faber. Rev. Zeller provisionally assumed the functions of pastor, until the election of Rev. A. L. Begeman. In April of the same year, a lot was purchased on Mound street, near Third, and the corner-stone for the new church was laid on the 5th of June following, and by December 7th the same year, the church was completed and dedicated. The present organization: Pastor Rev. Christian Heddaeus ; president, A. Eichenberg; vice-president, A. Kuchner; secretary, E. Homan; financial secretary, C. Loewer; treasurer, Franz Fassig. TRUSTEES—C. Zapp, J. Biederkapp, H. Schmidt, H. Loewer, C. Bachmann, and Philip Haldy. The church membership numbers 281, and the Sunday-school pupils number 310. ST. JOAN'S GERMAN PROTESTANT EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The pastors of the German Lutheran St. Paul's and Trinity Churches objecting to persons becoming members of their respective congregations who continued to act. as members of secret organizations, caused a withdrawal of some twenty-six persons from the two congregations, who held a meeting at the residence of Jacob Bleile, in June, 1872, for the purpose of organizing a new congregation. On July 17, the same year, an- 212 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. other meeting was held at the old City Ha]]. At this meeting the constitution for the new Society, to be known as the St. John's German Protestant Evangelical Church, was adopted, and fifty-six signatures obtained to the same. The society has its services at the United Brethren Church, on East Town street, until their new church building, to cost $15,000, is completed, which is to be erected on a lot on Mound street, between High and Third streets, purchased from Frederick Kuhnheim, at $5,500. The present membership of the society is 150; the Sunday-school numbers 110 pupils. R.ev. William Purpus is pastor, and John Burkhardt, superintendent of Sunday-school. TRUSTEES.—John U. Richenbacher. president; Andrew Schwarz, secretary; George P. Schroll, treasurer; and John Burkhardt. EMMANUEL'S CHURCH Located on South Third street, south of Livingston avenue. The Emmanuel's Church is a German mission of the German Evangelical Association, organized about the year 1857, by Rev. John Barnhard. It numbers at present thirty--seven members. The trustees of the church at present are C. Emrich, P. Schneider, and J. Ruppesberger. There are about seventy-five pupils attending the Sunday-school. Rev. Noah Schupp is the pastor. THE UNIVERSALIST SOCIETY. The first Universalist preaching in Columbus was about the year 1837. The first regular minister of that denomination, who preached in the city, was Rev. A. A. Davis, of Delaware county. His meetings were held in the United States courthouse. He continued to preach here a year or two, assisted occasionally by other preachers. The Rev, Mr. Saddler succeeded him, preaching at the same place, and continuing also a year or two. After an interval of about two years, the Rev. Mr. Abel was engaged, and continued six months. His successor was the Rev. Mr. Anderson, for about the same time. Rev. George Rogers then preached here fora short period. The meetings were held, at this time, in a rented room, in Mr. Buttles, building. cor- CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 213 ner of High and Friend streets, now occupied by Sinclair & Scott. Prior to this time, there was no regularly organized society. The “Universalist Society of Columbus," consisting of thirty-eight members, was organized in March; 1845, under an act of the legislature to incorporate certain churches therein named. The first board of trustees were John Greenwood, John Field, James W. Osgood, Demas Adams, and William Bambrough. The Rev. Mr. Eaton preached for the society for a few months. Rev. Nelson Doolittle was then engaged as pastor, his term commencing in October, 1845. The present church edifice was erected in 1846 on a lot on the east side of Third street between Town and Rich streets. Mr. Doolittle resigned his charge in the fall of 1851, and was succeeded the next spring by Rev. N. H. Gaylord, then of Lowell, Massachusetts. Mr. Gaylord continued till the fill of 1854, and then removed to Boston. During the years 1855 and 1856, Revs. Gifford, Upson, and Hawes officiated as pastors. In the fish l of the latter year, Rev. H. R. Nye, formerly of Brooklyn, New York, became the pastor of the society, and continued as such till April 1859. Mr. Nye was succeeded by Rev' Thomas Gorman, whose ministry began in the winter of 1859 and closed in 1861. Mr. Gorman was succeeded by Rev. J. S. Cantwell, who continued till 1865, when he was succeeded by Rev. A. W. Bruce, who resigned in 1868. Subsequently to his resignation the society engaged Rev. Thomas Gorman as a temporary supply. In September, 1869, Rev ..E. L. Rexford, the present pastor, was called from Cincinnati. The present officers of the society are: O. F. Evans, president; A. B. Robinson, secretary; G. W. Sinks, treasurer. TRUSTEES.—John Field, Isaac Eberly, E. T. Hancock, B. F. Martin, and Thomas Lough. The society numbers 160 members, and the number of church members is 115. The number of Sunday-school pupils is 140. A. B. Robinson is the superintendent, assisted by fifteen teachers. 214 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. Prior to 1866 there was no organization of this denomination in Columbus. In that year was organized THE FIRST UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. The church edifice is located on the south side of Town street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The church property is valued at $15,000. Rev. W. B. Davis was the first pastor. The present pastor is Rev. James H. Dickson. The trustees are Samuel Hively, John Helpman, and Isaac Winter. It has forty-four members, and a Sunday-school with sixty pupils. OLIVE BRANCH CHURCH. This church, located in Neil's addition, near the Piqua Railroad shops, was organized in 1867 by Rev. W. B. Davis, after his retirement from the pastorate of the First Church. The present pastor is Rev. W. H. Spencer. The trustees are George Davidson, John Nelson, Joseph Fuller, John Henvon, and Wnn. B. Davis. It has ninety members, and a Sunday-school of one hundred and ten pupils, with Samuel Mateer as superintendent. The church property is valued at $3,500. MOUNT ZION CHURCH. This church, located south of Broad street, in the southwestern portion of the city, was organized in 1870, as a branch of the Olive Branch Church. Its present pastor is Rev. James H. Dickson. Trustees—Henry Deardorf, W. B. Davis, and W. H. Spencer. The number of members is twenty-six, and of pupils in the Sunday-school, seventy-five. The church property is estimated to be worth $10,000. GERMAN CHURCH. This church was organized in 1868. It is located on the south side of Friend street, east of Seventh. It has twenty-five members, and fifty pupils in the Sunday-school. The church property is valued at $4,000. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 215 THE CENTRAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Located on the southeast corner of Gay and Third streets. This church had its origin in prayer-meetings, held by a few persons, in private houses, in October, 1870. On the first of December, 1870, a small room over Samuels' drug store, No. 115 North High street, was rented for a Sunday-school and prayer-meetings. Occasionally religious services were conducted in this room by different preachers. On the first of April, 1871, a large room was rented in Session's block, on the southeast corner of High and Long streets. Here Rev. R. Moffit, of Bedford, Ohio, preached on the first Sunday of April, 1871, and Rev. T. D. Garvin, of Cincinnati, on the following Sunday. A call was tendered Mr. Garvin to become the pastor of the church, which he accepted, and entered upon the discharge of the duties of that office on the third Sunday of April, 1871. He still remains in the same position. At a meeting held on the evening of April 22, 1871, at which T. Ewing Miller was chairman, and F. D. Prouty, secretary, Ewing Miller was elected treasurer of the church, F. D. Prouty, clerk, and Wm. Wallace and F. D. Prouty, deacons. At a subsequent meeting, Wm. Williams and Benj. Styles were also chosen deacons. The church was incorporated March 20, 1871. The following is an extract from the record of incorporation: "At a meeting of the congregation or church worshiping at the corner of High and Long streets, in their hall in Sessions' block, held March 7, 1872, the pastor, T. D. Garvin, being chairman, F. D. Prouty was elected clerk of the church for the ensuing year, the following resolution was adopted: " Resolved, That we incorporate under the name of the Central Church, known as the Disciples of Christ. “The following trustees were elected: T. Ewing Miller, for three years ; William Williams, for two years, and James G. Archer, for one year." About the time of incorporation, a lot was purchased, on the southeast corner of Third and Gay streets, for $5,300. It has a 216 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. front of 62½, feet on Third street, and a depth of 123 feet on Gay. On the east end of this lot a temporary church building was erected, being a frame, 25 by 60 feet. T. Ewing Miller, James G. Archer, and F. D. Prouty were the building committee. and Wm. Williams, the builder, The building was opened on the third Sunday of May, 1872, for public worship. It is designed as a more provisional place of worship, until a permanent brick edifice, worth about $20,000, and capable of seating an audience of six or seven hundred, can be erected. A eonsiderable portion of the requisite funds for such a structure has been already pledged outside the city. The number of church members enrolled on the 18th of December last, was 105—an increase of 80 since Mr. Garvin began his ministrations. The Sunday-school had, on the first of December last, 154 enrolled members, and an average attendance of 85. The officers of the school were : Benj. Styles, superintendent.; A. G. Tice, assistant superintendent, and Elmon Spencer, secretary. THE HEBREW TEMPLE. A score or more of years have passed since the few Israelites then residing in the city met for worship in a private room. Afterward they met in rented halls. About 1852, a congregation was formed, of which Joseph Gundersheimer was president. S. Lazarus, who had previously filled a similar office in Germany, acted as minister of the congregation, without compensation. The first salaried minister was Rev. Joseph Goodman, who filled the office for several years, and, at an advanced age, is still a resident of the city. He was succeeded in the ministerial office by Revs. Weil, Goodman, Lippman, Wetterban, Schoenberg, and Rosenthal. The use of rented halls was attended with so much inconvenience and such detriment to the congregation, that the formation of a new congregation and the building of a temple or synagogue were determined upon. Messrs. Nathan and Joseph Gundersheimer constituted themselves a committee with these objects in view, and other Israelites co-operated. The present congregation. under the name of Bne Israel, was formed August CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 217 12, 1868, with nineteen members. A handsome lot was purchased on the northwest corner of Friend and Third streets, upon which the temple stands. Five thousand dollars, the price of the lot, was raised by subscription from members of the congregation. Very liberal subscriptions for building the temple were obtained at the East and elsewhere, as well as from citizens of Columbus. Early in 1870, a plan for the new temple was accepted by the congregation, and an energetic building committee was appointed; consisting of Messrs. N. and J. Gundersheimer and Jacob Goodman. The contract for the building was awarded to Messrs. Hall & Fornoff. The corner-stone of the temple was laid with appropriate ceremonies on Sunday afternoon, May 1, 1870—Masons, Odd Fellows, the Columbus Maennerchor, Hebrew societies, and six or seven thousand citizens participating. The stone was laid with the usual Masonic rites. Rev. Isaac Wise, of Cincinnati, delivered a discourse on "Human Dignity." An anthem by the Maennerehor and a benediction closed the exercises. The congregation extended a call to the Rev. Dr. J. Wechsler, of Nashville, Tennessee, to become their minister. After some hesitation, and, declining a more lucrative position which had been tendered hint at Selma, Alabama, Dr. Wechsler accepted the call, and, on the 20th of August, 1870, entered upon the discharge of his duties as minister of the Columbus congregation Bne Israel. A choir was organized under the direction of Professor C. Schoppelrei, which came in a short time to be regarded as one of the best in the city. The temple was dedicated on the 16th of September, 1870. From the late synagogue in Walcutt's Hall, where an address had been delivered by Rev. J. Wechsler, a procession of the congregation and invited participants was formed and proceeded to the closed door of the temple. Here the key was presented by Miss Ada Gundersheimer to the chairman of the building committee, Nathan Gundersheimer. The door was then opened, and the procession entered the temple.. The three scrolls of the Law were borne by persons appointed to that office, from the right of the altar down the west aisle of the temple, and 218 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. then back in the east aisle to the place of starting. Three circuits were made in this manner accompanied by singing and other ceremonies. The scrolls of the Law were then placed in the ark in the rear of the pulpit. Dr. Wechsler then delivered a discourse, followed by an. address by Dr. Wise, of Cincinnati. The rites of the dedication were closed by an invocation read by Dr. Wise, the choir responding seven times with Amen, Hallelujah." The Hebrew Temple, erected on the northwest corner of Friend and Third streets, is of the Franco-Italian style of architecture, two stories in height. The entrance at the south end is by three open archways into an open portico, from the center of which admittance is had to the board room, 12 by 18 feet, and the school-room, 18 by 23 feet. The open portico, seven feet wide, extends across the south end of the building. The remainder of this floor is laid off into a conveniently arranged suit of rooms for the residence of the minister. The height of this story is nine feet six inches, the floor being elevated about nine inches above the street pavement. The principal audience room, 30 by 37 feet, with a height of 23 feet, occupies the second story. This room is reached by two broad stairways, one at each end of the lower portico, the stairs terminating in a vestibule of the size of the portico below it, and covered by a gallery extending across the south end of the audience-room. Access to the gallery is had from the vestibule by two pairs of folding doors. The temple accommodates three hundred worshipers, and is furnished with pews in the ordinary manner. At the north end is a raised platform for the accommodation of the officiating priests, and behind that is the sanctuary—a domed recess within which is the sacred receptacle for the scrolls of the Pentateuch. The building is surmounted by a steep French roof, which, at the southeast and west angles, is carried up to form two towers with dormer windows, and crowned by a wrought-iron balus- trade. The external wall faces are broken by projecting pilasters, affording ample room for the play of light and shade. The foundations are of limestone, and the superstructure of brick, with Amherst stone dressings. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 219 Rev. Dr. J. Wechsler is still the minister of the congregation and church worshiping in the temple. The choir maintains its efficiency under the direction of Professor Spohr. The present officers of the congregation are: Joseph Gundersheimer, president; Lewis Kleeman, vice-president; A. Steinhauser, secretary; Lewis I. Kahn, treasurer; Joseph Philipson, warden; L. Lazarus, M. Kleeman, and Joseph Kahn, trustees. There is connected with the congregation a school for religious instruction, in which about sixty children receive, during the week, lessons in religion, Biblical history, and the Hebrew language, under the superintendence of Dr. Wechsler, who is also president of a benevolent society formed of members of the congregation for the relief of every worthy applicant for charity. CEMETERIES. GREEN LAWN CEMETERY. Green Lawn Cemetery Association of Columbus was organized under a general statute, passed in the winter of 1847-48. At a meeting of citizens at the council chamber, on the evening of the 12th of July, 1848, a committee of eleven was appointed, consisting of A. P. Stone, A. F. Perry, Joseph Ridgway, Jr., William B. Thrall, John Walton, John Miller, William Kelsey, William B. Hubbard, Joseph Sullivant, Robert W. McCoy, and William A. Platt, charged with the duty of looking for a site and reporting a plan for the organization of a cemetery association. At a subsequent meeting of citizens, held on the 2d day of August, 1848, the committee reported articles of association, which were considered, amended, adopted, and signed by a competent number to authorize a complete organization. The first meeting for the purpose of effecting such organization, was held on the 26th of August, 1848; when William B. Hubbard, Joseph Sullivant, Aaron F. Perry, Thomas Sparrow, Alfred P. Stone, William B. Thrall, and John W. Andrews were elected to constitute the first board of trustees ; Alex. E. Glenn was chosen clerk. Mr. Hubbard was unanimously chosen president of the board. At a meeting of the board of trustees, held on the first day of February. 1849, Mr. Andrews tendered his resignation as a 220 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. member of the board, and William A. Platt was unanimously chosen to supply the vacancy. PURCHASE OF GROUNDS.—The grounds originally purchased by the association consisted of about eighty-three acres admirably adapted to the purpose intended. They are situated about two miles and a half southwesterly from the state-house. The greater portion of these grounds were at the time of purchase in a primitive condition, and covered with native forest trees. They consisted of two contiguous tracts of land. One, containing about thirty-nine acres, was purchased of Judge Gershom M. Peters for forty dollars an acre; the other, including about forty-four acres, was bought of William Miner, for fifty dollars an acre, The cost of the whole was about $3,750. LAYING OUT THE GROUNDS.—In the summer of 1849, under the superintendence of Howard Daniels, architect and civil engineer, tasteful and appropriate improvements were planned and partly executed, laying out the grounds in graceful avenues, convenient walks, numerous lots, and occasional reserves for the comfort of visitors and for future improvement and embellishment. A neat and convenient cottage was erected near the entrance to the grounds for a dwelling for the resident superintendent. The first person buried in the cemetery was Leonora, daughter of Aaron F. Perry, on the 7th of July, 1849, a few days preceding its formal dedication. The second was Dr. B. F. Gard, on the 12th of the same month. DEDICATION.—The dedication services were held in a beautiful grove, near the center of the grounds, on the 9th of July, 1849, in the presence of a large concourse of people. They were opened with an invocation, by Rev. H. L. Hitchcock, of the Second Presbyterian Church. An original hymn, by Benjamin T. Cushing, was then sung. Then followed the presentation of the title papers to Dr. Hoge, for the purpose of dedication, on behalf of the association, accompanied with appropriate remarks, by W. B. Hubbard. The following is the CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 221 DEDICATION ODE. BY BENJAMIN T. CUSHING, ESQ. “Flow gently, sweet Afton." Sleep softly, ye greenwoods, with shadowy boughs; Sleep softly disturb not your solemn repose! For ye bend in your beauty where shortly will wave The flower of affection, reared over the grave! Ye birds, whose clear anthems swell over the lea— Ye insects, Whose pipings come gladsome and free; Ye winds of young summer, your music must blend With the sighs of the mourner who weeps for his friend Ye groves and ye hillocks, how lovely ye lie, Like a vision of beauty—a dream of the sky— Yet here must we follow the loved ones away; And here must our bodies commingle with clay Sleep softly, ye greenwoods, with shadowy boughs! Sleep softly! disturb not your solemn repose For ye bend in your beauty where shortly will wave, The flower of affection reared over the grave! The dedicatory address was delivered by Rev. James Hoge, D. D., of the First Presbyterian Church. It was couched in terse, eloquent, and impressive language. After an original hymn, by Mr. Cushing, the concluding prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Brooks, of the M. E. Church, and the benediction pronounced by Rev. Nelson Doolittle, of the Universalist Church. COLORED PERSONS.—In the summer of' 1856, the question was mooted as to the propriety of selling lots to colored persons, and thereby admitting them to membership in the association. The trustees caused a circular to be addressed to each member or stockholder, stating the question as to the expediency of setting apart a section of the cemetery grounds for the burial of colored persons, and requesting the stockholder to indorse his preference upon the back of the circular, writing over his signature, if favorable to the proposition, the words " in favor," or if unfavorable, the word "opposed," and return it to the office of the trustees by. a day named. Of these circulars, three hundred and forty were distributed through the post-office, and only one hundred and eleven were returned with the proper indorsements. Of these, twenty were "in favor," and ninety-one "op- 222 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO posed." In February, 1872, a section of the grounds was set apart for the use of colored citizens. ADDITIONAL GROUNDS.—On the 1st of April, 1872. the directors purchased of Samuel Stimmel, thirty-two acres, at $250 per acre, and of John Stimmel, thirty acres, at $175 per acre, making the cemetery to consist of about one hundred and forty-seven acres, forming nearly a square of ground of a gently undulating surface. It is laid out in handsome walks and drives, and ornamented with evergreens, shrubbery, and flowers, with many beautiful monuments and other memorials of departed friends, making it the finest cemetery in Central Ohio. The officers of the association from its organization to the present time are as follows: TRUSTEES.—William B. Hubbard, 1848-49; Joseph Sullivant. 1848-53, 1855-59; Aaron F. Perry, 1848-49, 1853-55; Thomas Sparrow, 1848-65, 1866-71; Alfred P. Stone, 1848-55; William B. Thrall, 1848-50; John W. Andrews, 1848-49; William A. Platt, 1849-74; A. C. Brown, 1850-52; William G. Deshler, 1850-53, 1859-72; Lucien Buttles, 1850-52; H. N. Hubbell, 1852-57; William T. Martin, 1852-66; Robert Hume, 1854-64; John Greenleaf, 1855-74; William E. Ide, 1857-64, 1865-67 ; James M. Westwater, 1864-68; Oliver P. Hines, 1864-66, 1868-72; C. P. L. Butler, 1866-68; James S. Abbott, 1867-74; William McDonald, 1868-72. PRESIDENTS.—William B. Hubbard, 1848-49; William B. Thrall, 1849-50; Joseph Sullivant, 1850-53, 1855-56; Aaron F. Perry, 1854-55; William A. Platt, 1856-68; Thomas Sparrow, 1868-71 ; John Bartlit, 1872-74. SECRETARIES.—Alexander E. Glenn, 1848-50; Howard Daniels, 1850 ; William T. Martin, 1850-66; Joseph Dowdall, 1866-73. TREASURERS.—Herman M. Hubbard, 1848-50; William A. Platt, 1850; William G. Deshler, 1850-52, 1864-72; Thomas Sparrow, 1852-64; O. P. Hines, 1873. SUPERINTENDENTS.—Richard Woolley, 1848-59; Evan Biddle, 1859-68; Adam Stephens, 1868-73. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES - 223 CALVARY CEMETERY (CATHOLIC). Located on the Harrisburg turnpike, about half a mile beyond the limits of the city. Area, 27 acres. Purchased, in 1865, by the Catholics of Columbus for $3,000. Size of lots, 16 by 20 feet. Anton Witzigman, sexton, residing on the premises. A year after the cemetery grounds had been purchased by the joint action of the Catholics of Columbus, the Germans of the Holy Cross Church paid the English Catholics three hundred dollars for the choice between the two halves of the tract, and took the north half. Cornelius Lang is secretary, and Henry Theado, treasurer of the German cemetery organization; and Patrick Egan is secretary and treasurer of the English. Rev. John W. Brumer was the first Catholic priest whose remains were buried in the portion of the grounds set apart as a burial place for the Catholic clergy. The surface of the cemetery tract is gently rolling, gradually inclining to the east and west. It has been laid out in lots, and most of then have been sold. There have been already erected in the cemetery some plain but very neat marble monuments. It is true that, considering the time which has elapsed since the cemetery was purchased, very few improvements have been made. It is expected that it will soon be inclosed by a neat and substantial fence, and otherwise improved and ornamented. When these improvements are completed, the ground will be consecrated. THE HEBREW CEMETERY. Some twenty years ago, the few Israelites then in the city, who were organized as a congregation for public worship, purchased a half-acre lot; to be used as a cemetery, in the eastern part of the city. It is still in use as a cemetery, but as a city ordinance prohibits interments within the limits of the corporation, another site will doubtless soon be selected by our Hebrew residents for a burying-place. 224 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. THE NORTH GRAVE-YARD. One acre and a half of the tract of land, afterward known as the "North Grave-yard," was donated by the original proprietors of Columbus, July 2, 1813, for a burial ground. John. Kerr, one of the proprietors, was authorized to execute the deed of conveyance. That was not done until April 21, 1821, though the lot had been used as a burial place from the time the grant was made. Kerr's deed conveyed to the Mayor and Council of the Borough of Columbus and their successors in office," the acre and a half of land to be used solely as a public burial ground. In February, 1830, William Doherty conveyed to the borough of Columbus, in fee simple, about eight and one-half acres, partly surrounding and south and east of the original acre and a half, This purchase was made for the enlargement of the burying-ground. John Brickell also, in 1845, added, on the north side of the ground as it was then bounded, a strip of twenty feet in width, which he laid out into seventeen lots, reserving five to himself, and made conveyances direct to the purchasers, giving the city no control whatever over the premises. These three parcels of land, embracing about ten and a half acres, and surrounded by a board fence, constituted the tract known as the "North Grave-yard." It was, with the exception of the Brickell lots, under the control of the borough or city council, by whom a superintendent was appointed to take care of the grounds and make sale of lots. A portion of the ground was set apart for burial free of charge for the ground used. Another portion was set off for the sale of lots to colored persons. It was for many years the principal burying-ground of the city. The "North Grave-yard " was situated on the west side of High street, about one-eighth of a mile north of the railroad depot. As the city was expanding around, and even beyond it, the council, by ordinance, passed July 21,1856, made it a penal offense to bury in that grave-yard. The ordinance was not to take effect till the 1st of November ensuing, and such was the popular clamor against it that it was repealed before that day arrived. CHURCHES AND CEMETERIES. - 225 On the 30th of May, 1861, the council passed a second prohibitory ordinance. But for several years before this, no interments had been made in the yard, nor have any been made there since. About the time of the passage of this ordinance, the grounds were fenced in by direction of the superintendent appointed by the council to take care of the premises and preserve them from desecration. The Columbus, Springfield and Cincinnati, or Short Line Railroad Company, obtained in the Probate Court, January, 1871, the condemnation or appropriation for railroad purposes of a tract one hundred feet in width, off the south end of the graveyard, containing about one acre and one-third. Soon afterward, the railroad commenced preparing the appropriated portion for their use. The bodies buried there were removed and interred in Green Lawn Cemetery, or delivered to surviving friends and relatives. THE OLD CATHOLIC BURYING-GROUND. The lot or tract generally known by this name contains three acres and a quarter. It is located in the northeast part of the city, north of Naghten street, and east of Ninth street or Washington avenue. It was conveyed, September 11, 1848, by Peter I ry, to Archbishop Purcell, to be held in trust as a burying-ground for the lisp, of the Catholics of Columbus. The tract had, however, been used for that purpose for two or three years before this conveyance was made. The city council, by ordinance, in July, 1856, prohibited further burial in any grave-yard within the corporate limits of the city, as well as in the inclosure commonly known as the North Graveyard. This ordinance, of course, prohibited interments in the Catholic burying-ground, as it was within the city limits; but before the day came fixed for its taking effect, the ordinance was repealed. Burials continued to be made in the ground until within a few years past, when a new tract of land was set apart for a Catholic cemetery. 226 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS. OHIO. THE EAST GRAVE-YARD. The tract of land known by this name is located on Livingston avenue, about a mile and a half east of the court-house. It contains eleven acres and a -quarter, and was conveyed to the city of Columbus, in 1839, by Matthew King, in fee simple, without conditions or restrictions. It was purchased expressly for a cemetery, and a portion of it was laid out in lots, and sold and conveyed by the city to purchasers. About one-third of it was never laid off into lots, on account of its being low, swampy, and wet. The other part was formerly used as a public burying-place, principally by Germans, but of late years only for the burial of the very poor, the friendless, and public paupers. But it is totally unfit for this, or any use as a cemetery. It is so wet that water frequently more than half fills the newly made graves. It is in a miserably -dilapidated condition ; the fences once inclosing it are decayed or broken down, and the general wretched appearance of the tract is a disgrace to the city. The remains of the buried should be removed, and the place cease to be used as a cemetery at all. It has greatly retarded the growth of the city in that direction. The best use that could be made of it would be to convert it into a public park, in connection with the beautiful grove in the rear of it—the only grove of native forest trees remaining in the eastern portion of the city. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 227 CHAPTER XI. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. COLUMBUS FEMALE BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. THIS society was orgainzed January 5, 1835, at the old Town Street Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. John Patterson drew up a constitution, which was presented to the first meeting, and adopted. The number of members was one hundred and seven. The first officers of the society were : Mrs. James Hoge, president; Mrs. E. W. Sehon, vice-president; Mrs. Noah H. Swayne, treasurer; Miss M. Kelly (now Mrs. Judge Bates), secretary. The board off managers consisted of the following ladies : Mrs. Wm. M. Awl, Mrs. Demas Adams, Mrs. Ralph Osborn, Mrs. Moses Jewett, Mrs. Samuel Crosby, Mrs. John Bailhache, Mrs. Benj. Blake, Mrs. Joseph Ridgway, Mrs. D. Woodbury, Mrs. A. Vanhorn. The first business meeting was held at the house of Mrs. Demas Adams, at which visiting committees were appointed, apportioning the following ladies to each of the three wards, into which the city was then divided: North Ward—Mrs. George B. Harvey, Mrs. Robert Riordan, .Mrs. Joseph Ridgway, Jr., Mrs. General Sterritt, Mrs. J. B. Grist, and Mrs. Sarah Gill. Middle Ward—Mrs. Demas Adams, Mrs. Wm. T. Martin, Mrs. Benjamin Blake, Mrs. J. M. Espy, Mrs. Moses Jewett, and Mrs. L. Reynolds. South Ward—Mrs. James Cherry, Mrs. John MeElvaine, Mrs. John Patterson, Mrs. A. Vanhorn, Mrs. McCarty, and Mrs. D. Woodbury. A purchasing committee, consisting of Mrs. John Patterson and Mrs. N. H. Swayne, was appointed, "to buy cloth to be made into such articles as may be necessary." Purchases having been made, the ladies prepared a considerable number of articles, which were forthwith distributed among the poor of 228 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. the city, whose necessities, at that time of the year, were many and urgent. The object of the society was to devise and carry out a systematic plan for the temporary relief of the poor. The constitution provided that the relief should be so administered as to encourage industry and independent exertion for support. "Thy sick, the old and infirm, widows, and very young and destitute children were to be the first objects of attention." Accordingly, on the 6th of April, 1836, the society formed a subordinate or auxiliary society " to educate the children of the poor." That portion of the work was taken in charge by the following ladies: Mrs. A. P. Stone, Mrs. Isaac Dalton, Mrs. Wm. Preston, Mrs. J. B. Crist, Mrs. Dr. Lathrop, Mrs. Noah H. Swayne, Mrs. Isban G. Dryer, Mrs. James Cherry. On the 14th of April, 1837, Alfred Kelley donated to the society a lot of ground as a site for a school-house. During the same year, Messrs. D. T. Woodbury, Joseph Ridgway, Jr., and P. B. Wilcox were constituted an advisory board. These were the only gentlemen ever connected with the society. A small school-house was erected on the lot on Fourth street, donated by Mr. Kelley, and a free-school was opened and continued there for eight or nine years, or until the free-school system, under the State law, went into operation in the city. The lot and building were afterward sold for $500, and the money placed at interest for the benefit of the society. The society was incorporated by an act of the legislature, passed March 5, 1838, to be found in the 36th volume of Ohio Laws, page 185. The act provides "that Mary P. Cressy, Maria M. Espy, Sarah Asberry, Maria S. Preston, Mary S. Kelley, Caroline Dryer, Keziah Stone, and their associates, being females, who now are, or may hereafter, agreeable to the constitution and by-laws of the Columbus Female Benevolent Society, become members, are declared a body corporate, with perpetual succession, for the Purpose of ministering to the wants and alleviating the distress of the poor and afflicted of their own sex. and also affording moral, physical, and intellectual instruction and improvement to orphans and other poor children." It was CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 229 further provided that the amount of property to be held by the society should not exceed in value fifty thousand dollars. Prior to 1857, the following ladies successively filled the office of president of the society: Mrs. Dr. Hoge, Mrs. General Patterson, Mrs. Isaac Dalton, Mrs. T. R. Cressy, Mrs. Wm. Preston, Mrs. J. G. Dryer, Mrs. A. D. Lord, Mrs. J. L. Bates. Miss Mary E. Stewart, afterward Mrs. Joseph Geiger, discharged the duties of secretary and treasurer for eleven years. The officers of the society for 1872, were: Mrs. William Dennison, president; Mrs. W. E. Ide, vice-president; Mrs. Alexander Houston, treasurer, and Mrs. Walter Mahoney, secretary. The city was divided into seventeen districts, to each of which two ladies were assigned as district visitors. The fee for membership is one dollar per year. Twenty-five dollars paid at one time constitutes a life member. Of these there are three—Mrs. John N. Champion, who became such in 1855, and Misses Kate and Mary E. Deshler, daughters of W. G. Deshler, who became life members in 1870. The constitution provides for a permanent fund, the income of which only shall be annually expended. This fund at present amounts to twelve or thirteen thousand dollars. It has been principally derived from a bequest to the society by the late Dr. Lincoln Goodale, amounting to fifteen or sixteen thousand dollars, about half of which has been paid over. The society expends for charitable purposes about two thousand dollars annually. This is derived from interest on permanent fund, annual subscriptions, annual fees for membership, donations, etc. The following statement of the sources of income for 1871 has been furnished us: Annual subscriptions - $726 00 Interest on bonds - 744 91 Annual membership fees - 101 00 Donations - 175 00 Two life membership fees - 50 00 Total - $1,796 91 230 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. The charitable institution known as the Industrial School is said to have been suggested by a lecture delivered in the city in the spring of 1858, by Charles Reemelin, of Cincinnati, who described similar charities existing in Europe. Be this as it may, it seems that about that time an association of ladies was formed, called the Industrial School Association, of which the first officers were: Mrs, Hannah Neil, president; Miss Matilda Gwynne, secretary, and Miss Ann Robinson, teacher. The school was opened in the City Hall, over the market-house, with only eight pupils, By the close of the year the number had increased to fifty. The Industrial School Association was incorporated June 30, 1866, under a general law of the State. The record of incorporation states that at a meeting of the association held on the 8th of May, 1866, it was resolved to change its name to that of the Industrial Mission School Association ; and that, at the same meeting, I. C. Aston, F. C. Sessions, George Gore, J. J. Ferson, and E. L. Taylor were elected trustees, and Miss L. Peters, clerk. The association having, in connection with the school, established a Home of the Friendless, again had their name changed, by a decree of' the Court of Common Pleas, entered November 16, 1868, to that of the Hannah Neil Mission and Homo of the Friendless. The managers of this mission finding it quite impracticable to do full justice to the two charities, transferred the Industrial School, in November, 1870, to the Columbus Benevolent Society, under whose fostering care it has since flourished. The work of the Industrial School consists chiefly in collecting poor children once a week—Saturday afternoons—for the purpose of giving them instruction and relief. Little girls are taught plain sewing and knitting, and instructed in morals and manners. The instructions are given by voluntary teachers, accompanied. with temporary relief—a. pair of' shoes, a. dress, hat, or other needed articles of clothing. They seldom fail to CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 231 make good and lasting impressions upon the minds and hearts of the children. The officers of the school are: Mrs. W. E: Ide, superintendent; Jane F. Houston, treasurer, and Josephine Klippart, secretary. The school which opened in October, 1871, with 114 pupils and 19 teachers, had increased in January, 1872, to 190 pupils and 31 teachers. In April following, the number of pupils was 150, with 13 teachers. There has grown out of the Industrial School a Sunday mission school, organized on West Friend street, in 1868, by Mrs. T. J, Harris and Miss Kate Hunter. It meets on Sunday afternoons, at two o'clock, in the City Hall, over the market-house. The number of pupils is 175. The superintendents are Messrs. J. R. Doty and Ed. M. Thompson. THE HANNAH NEIL MISSION AND HOME OF THE FRIENDLESS. Some four or five years after its organization, the Industrial School Association, of which Mrs. Hannah Neil was the first president, established, in connection with its school, a Home of the Friendless. This latter institution was eventually called the Hannah Neil Mission, in honor of one who was most efficient in its establishment; whose life was devoted to works of charity, and whose memory is embalmed in the hearts of the poor and afflicted. In November, 1868, the name of the Industrial School Association was, by a decree of the Court of Common Pleas, changed to that of the Hannah Neil Mission and Home of the Friendless, its general purpose being to provide an asylum for helpless and destitute women and children of all ages. Under its present name and organization, it properly dates from the 1st of April, 1868, when the home or asylum was opened in the Soldiers' Home buildings, near the Union Depot. On the 15th of December, 1869, it was removed to its present location, nearly opposite the Institution for the Education of the Blind. The building, or rather the aggregate of buildings it now occupies, formerly used as the State Asylum for Idiotic and Imbecile Youth, is situated on a handsome lot of three and a quarter 232 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. acres. The lot and building are the property of the Mission, and are estimated to be worth $30,000. The personal property of the Mission is estimated at $2,500. The officers of the institution, for 1873, are: Mrs. M. B. Taylor, president; Mrs. I. C. Aston, vice-president; Miss L. A. Peters, recording secretary; Mrs. William Ewing, corresponding secretary, and Mr. William Ferson, treasurer. The board of trustees is composed of the following gentlemen : Messrs. John F. Bartlit, E. L. Taylor, Isaac C. Aston, Robert E. Neil, and Yeatman Anderson. The following ladies constitute the board of managers: Mrs. J. F. Bartlit, J. N. Champion. W. Andrews, Joseph H. Geiger, R. E. Neil, William Monypeny, Ann Robinson, .C. Hunter, A. Gardner, E. T. Mithoff, W. A. Hershiser, Theo. Comstock, Dr. Loving, W. B. Brooks, Ed. Jones, C. P. L. Butler, Charles Hayden, J. Gill Blain, Elliott Jones, S. Baird, W. C. Quincy, Amos Eberly, Mis. Hankins, and Miss Kate Jones. From its organization, April 1, 1868, to July, 1871, the mission had provided for about five hundred homeless women and children. During the year ending at the latter date, there had been 167 different inmates in the institution, the average number having been 75, and the average cost per inmate, for the year $63.50. The average number of inmates, during 1872, was about 100, of whom 25 were women and 75 children. THE WOMAN'S HOME. This is a charitable institution, provided for destitute fallen girls and women, who have neither property, friends, nor homes. They are received on promise of reformation, and in case they remain at the Home until confidence can be placed in their reformation, they are placed in positions and furnished with employments that will insure them a comfortable support. The Woman's Home of Columbus owes its origin and continued existence to the Woman's Christian Association, organized in the winter of 1869-70, and composed of ladies from nearly all the Protestant churches of the city. Its first president was Mrs. Judge J. L. Bates. It officers, at the close of the last year, were: Mrs. J. Rudisell, president; Mrs. Judge Bates, first CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 233 vice-president; Mrs. Luther Williams, secretary; Mrs. Dr. Wormley, treasurer. There are also twelve managers. The foregoing list contains the names of all the officers furnished as on application at the Home. The Home was opened on the 15th of April, 1870, under the superintendence of Mrs. L. V. Desellem, as matron, who still holds that position. Mrs. D. was formerly matron at the Ohio Penitentiary, for a period of seven or eight years. The Home is at present located at No, 171 East Rich street, in a brick house leased by the Woman's Christian Association. It is sustained by the annual subscriptions of the members of the association, and by donations. There are now seven inmates in the institution, two of whom are children born there. Since the opening of the Home, forty-six unfortunate women have been received within its walls, some of whom, one-fourth at least, it is believed,- have been thoroughly restored. It bids fair to become an institution for permanent good in our community, and as such should receive aid and encouragement. THE HARE CHARITY FUND. Jacob Hare, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Columbus in 1812. He was present at the first sale of lots in the summer of that year, and bought a lot on High street, which he never suffered to pass out of his hands. He was a plain, rough, pioneer woodsman. His investments turned out well, and by these and the increased value of his real estate, it was supposed, at the time of his death, that he was worth fifty thousand dollars. He died in this city, on the 3d of "November, 1860, in the eightieth year of his age. Mr. Hare left eight or nine children, generally in moderate circumstances, but to these he made no bequest in hiswill. To his widow be bequeathed all his household goods and furniture, and two hundred dollars a year for the first five years after his decease, if she should remain unmarried; and then, in that case, the allowance was to be increased to two hundred and fifty dollars a year, during the remainder of her life, provided she should remain unmarried. All the balance of his estate, after the settlement thereof, and the allowance to the widow, both real and 234 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. personal, was devised to the city of Columbus, to form a charity fund for the benefit of the poor and unfortunate of the city. This fiend was to be forever under the control and management of the city council, who were not to diminish it below the original amount. They were required, at such time as the state of the fund would justify it, to erect a suitable building or edifice, to be named the Orphans' Home or Beneficial Asylum, to be used for the benefit of the fund, and the institution contemplated in and by the will. Mr. Hare appointed William T. Martin executor of his will, and in case of Mr. Martin's decease before the testator, he nominated James Cherry, executor. On the 15th of April, 1861, Mr. Donaldson presented to the city council a copy of Mr. Hare's will, which was referred to a standing committee to be called the Hare Charity Fund Committee, consisting of Messrs. Stauring, Wilson, and Comstock. "HARE ORPHANS' HOME, COLUMBUS. The following are the chief points of interest in the report of the board of directors or trustees—James Patterson, R. Chadwick, Christ. Kammerer—of the Hare Orphans' Home, for the municipal year ending April 13,1868. The statements are given in the language of the Board: "The board report that they found the house donated by the Orphans' Home of Columbus to be in a very dilapidated condition. It was absolutely necessary to make extensive repairs to preserve the house. The directors ordered the house put in complete repair. It was found necessary to put on a new roof to keep the house from injury. "There has been at the Home, on an average, twenty children during the year. The actual cost of provisions is about five dollars a month to each child. Including clothing, salary of matron, necessary help, and physician's salary, the cost has been about nine dollars per month for each child. There are but eleven children in the Home at the present time that were indentured into the Home by the probate judge, according to an ordinance passed by the city council, January 28, 1867, establishing the Hare Orphans' Home." “ When the directors came to indenture the children, they found a number of children in the Home whose parents were not willing to give them in charge of the directors. They were CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 235 informed that they must either give the children in charge of the directors or take them away from the Home. The children were all taken away but eleven. “On account of the imperfect manner the matron (Mrs. Mary E. Parsons) kept the record of the children, it is impossible to make up such a report as the directors would like. They found that it was for the interest of the Home, that the matron be discharged, which was done January 30, 1868. On February 8th, Mrs. Mary Ann Lonnis was unanimously appointed matron, at a salary of twenty-five dollars a month. The directors hope they will have no more trouble in having the record properly kept hereafter. The directors became fully satisfied that it was absolutely necessary to have a committee of ladies of this city appointed for the purpose of' looking after the internal arrangements, of the Home—see that the matron does her duty, and make suggestions to the board, which would assist them in the discharge of their duties. They accordingly, on the 30th of January, unanimously appointed the following named committee: Mrs. John Miller, Mrs. William Fell, Mrs. Isaac C. Aston, Mrs. Theodore Comstock, Mrs. S. A. Champion, and Miss Ann Robinson. The directors take great pleasure in saying that they have found the above-mentioned committee of great service to them and interest to the Home. The ladies have assisted with a will, and therefore made the duties of the directors less onerous. “Dr. C. C. White has been physician to the Home for the last year, at a salary of one hundred dollars a year. He visits the Home daily." The trustees of the Horne— William Wall. L. Donaldson, M. Frankel, I. S. Beekey—in their report, April 8, 1869, state that there had been at the Horne an average of thirteen children during the year. Mrs. Lonnis was continued as matron at the same salary, with two assistants at a salary each of twelve dollars per month. The trustees had found it necessary for the interest of the Home to discharge the physician, Dr. C. C. White, which was done on the 16th of January, 1869, and Dr. H. C. Helmick appointed in his place. The directors of the Home—L. English, George Beck, J. J. Janney—in their report, dated April 17, 1872, state that there had been received into the Home. during; the year ending March 1, 1872, three children, making fourteen that had been in the institution during the year. Only nine children were in the Home 236 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. at the date of the report. No other information is furnished in this report, except a statement of receipts and expenditures for the year ending March 31, 1872, by which it appears that the receipts amounted to $2,007.50, and the expenditures to $2,059.33. The only other official information we have been able to obtain respecting the history and condition of the Orphans' Home is embodied in the following report for the year 1871, made to the Board of State Charities, by its secretary, Rev. A. G. Byers: "This institution does not appear in the tabulated list. The circular addressed to it, in common with other institutions, was not returned, This fact, and the further reason that it is, possibly, more a public charity than a private one, might justify its omission from a place among the organized orphanages of the State. Other reasons would render this omission agreeable to the secretary, but as there are stronger reasons why its condition and management should be made known, questions of delicacy, or of propriety, even, may be waived. "Of course, in the absence of any official report of the history or present status of the Hare Orphans' Home, only such information can be furnished as has been gathered from personal observation, or the statements of those directly related to, and, of course, familiar with the Home. " This institution is founded upon the legacy of an old citizen who, in his will, devised that his property should go to the endowment of an 'Orphans' Home' for 'Orphan Children of the city of Columbus.' Some eighty thousand dollars was the original amount of the bequest. This sum was subsequently, by a compromise, divided with the heirs of Mr. Hare, leaving, as Mr. Chadwick (now chairman of the committee of council on the Home) informs me, only about thirty-five thousand dollars, the interest only of which could be used for the maintenance of the Home. This sum was, however, supplemented a few years since by the surrender, upon the part of the Ladies' Benevolent Society of Columbus, of their Home—including the building now occupied and other property, aggregating an amount equal, possibly, to eight thousand dollars; the city council, from the date of this transfer, assuming the entire control of the institution. That both parties to this contract--ladies and city council—thought this action, at the time, a prudent, if not actually a necessary one, there can be no question, but that for the beneficiaries of the Home it was most unfortunate, ever- fact in its subsequent history seems to affirm. Of course, it would serve no good purpose of your honorable CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 237 board—to reiterate stories of indecency, and wrong, which, though now only traditional, are sad facts in the history of this well-devised but certainly badly managed charity. That it has been badly managed, is as palpable now as that its present condition is one of pitiable neglect. “The building is one of a large block, situated on Town street, between High and Front streets (the very center of business in Columbus) familiarly known as the I eight buildings.' Nothing could be more ineligible than this building, both as regards its location and construction. It is four stories high, and contains but ten rooms. From basement to roof, it is out of repair. The entire southern exposure of the roof leaks; as a consequence of this, the plastering in this part of the upper story has either fallen off, or is ready to fall. One portion, already off. fell at night upon sleeping children, fortunately without serious injury to the sleepers, and unfortunately without awaking the proper authorities to a sense of duty in preventing the liability to further injury of the house or its inmates. The floors, too, are sadly out of joint. The furniture is as rickety as the house —almost every appearance of comfort is, so the matron informed us, maintained by the presence of her own furniture. The yard (a small one to the rear of the building), that part of the premises so important to the health and comfort of the children, is in perfect keeping with other parts of the establishment—the fences are broken down. the outbuildings are stripped of weather-boarding, and the yard is covered with dust and ashes. Not a green thing, nor anything having an appearance of comfort, is to be seen anywhere about the institution, save that there were evidences of kindness and real maternal sympathy upon the part of the matron, toward the unfortunate children. “There were ten of these, some at the public schools, others at play in the filthy yard. Of these children, the saddest part remains to be told. Mr. Chadwick informed me, that during the entire spring and summer, not to exceed ten dollars had been expended for vegetables out of the fund appropriated for the maintenance of the Home, and that probably nothing but the personal expenditures and care of Mrs. Lonnis, the matron, had averted scurvy from the children. “This lady, who had for the past three years struggled with such difficulties, was, at the time of my visit, about to retire, helpless, and as she expressed it, “hopeless," of any better condition until an entire change could be effected in the mode of its administration. “One of the children, a boy of twelve years of age, was a soldier's orphan, and the matron had sought long, but in vain through the committee to have hint transferred to the State 238 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. institution for such children. Attention of the authorities at the Soldiers Orphans' Home has been called to this boy. “The secretary can not well forbear, in view of the foregoing statements, to suggest, if it could be done in accordance with the provisions of Mr. Hare's will, that this charity should be transferred to the care of the Ladies' Benevolent Society, or some other private charitable organization in the city of Columbus, or that in some way, the orphan children of Columbus, should be secured in their rights under the generous provisions contemplated by their benefactor." The following trustees of the Home were elected May 12, 1872: R. C. Hull, for one year, and Messrs. Theodore Comstock and John G. Mitchell, for two years; Lorenzo English holding over. THE SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL. Location, southeast corner of State and Fifth streets. This hospital occupies the greater part of the building heretofore usually known as the Starling Medical College. It is situated in a portion of the city principally inhabited by the more prosperous class of its people. The Society of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis was first founded in 1840, by Mother Frances Shevier, in Aachen, Germany, Prussia on the Rein. The sisters first established a hospital in this city; in January, 1862, on Rich street, between Fifth and Sixth streets, nearly opposite Holy Cross Church. The building occupied here not affording sufficient accommodations to meet the demands of the sick and infirm, three lots on Friend street were purchased in 1864, as the site for a. new hospital. These lots were afterward sold, and the sisters moved to their present location, on the 17th of February, 1865, having leased about two-thirds of Starling Medical College building for ninety-nine years, for the sum of ten thousand dollars. Many improvements were needed and had to be made to render the building suitable for as hospital. It was a season of trial for the noble and kind-hearted sisterhood. They were poor and needed help. It came at last in the shape of the proceeds of fairs held for their benefit, under the auspices of the. Catholic churches of the city, assisted by citizens not members of any CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 239 of these churches. The net proceeds of these fairs amounted to the large sum of six thousand five hundred dollars. Seven hundred dollars net were also realized for the sisters from a supper given about three years after; the fairs. During the ten years that have passed since the sisters first located a hospital in Columbus, they have received, by donation, from the city council, the sum of eighteen dollars, and three loads of coal from the council committee on the supply of fuel to the poor. This statement is made in justice to the sisters and the community at large, as it is generally supposed and frequently stated that they receive important aid from the city authorities. The whole number received into the hospital since its opening to this date, December, 1872, is over four thousand. The average number per year is about five hundred. The present number is sixty, of whom eighteen are aged and infirm persons. There is an average of thirty deaths per year in the hospital. All sick, aged, infirm, and poor persons, without distinction as to religious belief, nationality, or race, are admitted into the hospital, and gratuitously fed, clothed, and cared for. No questions are asked about pay. If the beneficiary can afford to pay, the sisters will not refuse a compensation, but the lack of money is no bar to a participation in their wide and outflowing charity. There are in the institution eighty-five beds. The second story is devoted to sick and infirm women; the third, to sick and infirm men. There are bath-rooms in every story, supplied with both hot and cold water. The city water-works furnishes water to all parts of the building. There is a drug store connected with the hospital, where medicines are prepared by the sisters. Sister Blanka is the superior of the institution. She has sixteen associates. The spiritual director is Rev. Bernard Hildebrand. Medical and surgical services are rendered gratuitously by the faculty of Starling Medical College, and Dr. Wm. H. Drury. 240 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS,OHIOO. THE HOUSE OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD, FOR PENITENT FEMALES. Located on West Broad, corner of Washington street. Spiritual directors—Bishop Sylvester H. Rosecrans, Very Rev. Vicar General J. B. Hemsteger, Mother Superior Sister Gertrude. Object. This is twofold: 1st. The reformation of penitent women and girls of all ages. 2d. The preservation of female children, by giving them a plain, useful education, and teaching them all kinds of needle-work. Penitents come and go as they like, no compulsion being used to retain them. As a general thing, they do not desire to leave; but should they do so and fall again, they are again received into the institution. The order from which the above house derives its name was established in 1651, in the city of Caen (Normandy), in France, by the Rev. John Endes, receiving the confirmations of Popes Alexander VII, in 1666, and Benedict XIV, in 1741. In the year 1835, new life and vigor was given the order, by Madame Pelletier, superioress at Angers, in France, who, before her death in 1868, had established no less than one hundred and ten houses, in all parts of the world, in charge of the sisters of the order. The happiest results have been produced in Europe by permitting female convictsto spendd the last six months of their imprisonment with the sisters, who do their utmost to rescue the unfortunate and instill into their minds the love of virtue and morality. As their name very properly indicates, like the Divine Master, they seek after the lost sheep, bestowing all their attention, and spending all their time in good works, looking to their amelioration and restoration to society. The House of the Good Shepherd, in this city, was opened on Spring street, east of High, in May, 1855, in a rented dwelling, remaining there some nine months. The same may be said of this, as of all other good works, that the institution in the start had its trials and difficulties. The small size of its abode checked its growth to a considerable extent, and compelled its inmates to submit to much inconvenience. The good sisters at first being. but little known, people did not appreciate all their usefulness, and they received little encouragement. In 1856, the want of more room compelled the change to the present advantageous CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS - 241 location, where their facilities are much greater, but still not sufficient for the demands made by penitents, who flock thither from the prisons in our city, from our county infirmary, from our streets, and other places, to find shelter under the benign wing of the Good Shepherd. The rapid progress of the institution is shown by the following figures: There are at present in the house 39 penitents, and 48 children, making 87 inmates. There are 17 sisters who manage the house, 3 novices, and 1 mother superior, making in all an aggregate of 108 persons in the institution. The inmates are all engaged in some kind of useful employment; such as embroidery, sewing, laundry, and ironing, while others are engaged at the sewing machines. Very fine and good needle-work of all kinds is done in the best style.. The inmates, by close application to their work, under the direction of the sisters, become expert seamstresses and embroiders, thus enabling them to support themselves when they return to the world. All are subject to strict rules of discipline, which must be complied with, All manual labor is gone through with in silence and in order. The time, aside from that allowed for rest, meals, and recreation, is devoted to some useful purpose calculated to promote virtue, industry, and the purity of the soul. All work, from the mother superior to the least of the inmates, according as their strength will permit, toward the support of the institution. The aim of the sisters is to make new beings of their charge, and they are fully aware of the fact that souls can not be rescued from bad to good, unless they do themselves what they require others to do. To inspire the inmates with the love of labor and the practice of moral virtues, the sisters themselves bear the greater part of the work done. The good example shown, and the good treatment the inmates receive at the hands of the sisters, produce such an impression that they naturally feel inclined to perform all they are requested to do. On first entering the house, many feel indisposed to work; but with very little persuasion, their reluctance vanishes, and they soon become satisfied that everything required of them is for their own good. There are at the house of the Good Shepherd no iron doors or armed guards, nor are any severe punish- 242 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. ments inflicted for violations of the rules. Notwithstanding this, but few attempts to escape have been made. The inmates know that the sisters have stronger claims upon them than could be obtained by force or violence. State prisons very often bind the soul as well as the body of the prisoner; but the sisters hold their "prisoners" with the strong claims of moral suasion, love, and affection. They do all in their power to make their charges happy, and many feel so much at home there that they desire to be nowhere else. Truly, may it be called, "Home for the fallen to save the falIing." The institution is commended to the attention and good-will of the public. Orders for any kind of needle-work, sent to the superior, Sister Gertrude, will receive prompt attention. It is by the labor of the sisters and the inmates, that the house is supported, the receipts from other sources being very small. CHAPTER XII. THE PRESS-EDUCATIONAL, LITERARY, AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. FROM the time the first printing-press was put in operation in Columbus, the city and county have been abundantly supplied with newspapers of home production. We have at present a goodly number. Some of them date back many years, while others are of recent origin. A multitude that once flourished and entertained the town and country have ceased to exist. We shall first give sketches of the living papers and periodicals of the day tracing their genealogies, where they have any, and giving such account of their present condition as we have been able to obtain. Brief notices will then be given of extinct papers and periodicals not previously described. THE OHIO STATE JOURNAL. Issues daily and weekly editions. J. M. Comly, S. M. Smith, proprietors and publishers; editor, General James M. Comly; city editor, Samuel Johnson; foreman of news room James Turney ; general business manager, A. W. Francisco. Office, corner High, Chapel, and Pearl streets. THE PRESS - 243 The present Ohio State Journal claims descent from the first newspaper published in Franklin county, and called the Western Intelligencer. It was started at Worthington, in 1811, by Col. James Kilbourne, who projected and laid out that town. He issued two numbers of the paper, and then transferred it to Buttles & Smith, who published it about a year, and then turned it over to Colonel P. H. Olmsted, Dr. Hills, and Ezra Griswold, Jr. In July, 1814, Joel Buttles purchased the interest of Dr. Hills in the paper, and it was removed to Columbus, and took the title of Western Intelligencer and Columbus Gazette. Col. Olmsted became sole proprietor of the paper in 1815, and dropping the first part of the title, called it simply the Columbus Gazette. In September, 1825, Colonel Olmsted associated with himself in the publication of the paper John Bailhache and George Nashee. The latter had been elected, by the Legislature, State printer, an office created at the previous session. The paper was enlarged, and its title changed to that of Ohio State Journal and Columbus Gazette. Nashee died before the expiration of his official term, and Colonel Olmsted was appointed his successor. At the session of 1827-28, Judge Bailhache was elected State printer. Olmsted & Bailhache then purchased the Western Statesman, and merged it in their paper. In September, 1831, Colonel Olmsted sold out his interest to Judge BaiIhache, who then became sole proprietor as well as editor. In the spring of 1835, Judge Bailhache transferred to Charles Scott and Smithson E. Wright. The latter was afterward, for many years, treasurer and auditor of the Little Miami Railroad Company. Scott & Wright united with their paper the Columbus Sentinel. In 1837, Wright parted with his interest to Scott, who formed a partnership with John M. Gallagher. The latter had, some months before, started a paper called the Political Register, which he now merged in the joint publication. Gallagher, in the spring of 1839, sold out to Samuel Douglas, who, after a few months, disposed of his interest to Scott, the latter becoming sole proprietor and manager. The first number of volume one of the Daily Ohio State Journal was issued on Monday evening, December 3, 1839 244 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO with this standing announcement: "Published every evening, by Charles Scott, at his old stand, on State street, opposite the market-house. James Allen, editor." In December, 1843, John Teesdale became associated with Scott, and the paper was published in the name of Charles Scott & Co., until October, 1846, when Judge William B. Thrall, still a well-known and highly esteemed citizen of Columbus, became proprietor with Scott, and editor of the paper. Henry Reed, who has since become a noted journalist, came into the establishment June 15, 1848, and the paper purported to be published by Thrall & Reed till October 31, 1849, when William T. Bascom, now editor of the Xenia Torchlight be came a partner of Scott and editor of the paper, which was published by the firm of Scott & Bascom. In 1854, Charles Scott made an assignment for the benefit of his creditors, and the paper was continued by his trustees till the Ohio State Journal Company was formed, to whom the paper was transferred and by whom it was published, under the editorial management of Oran Follett, afterward president of the Sandusky and Cincin- nati Railroad Company, assisted by William T. Bascom and John Greiner, commonly called Governor Greiner," from having been for a while acting governor of New Mexico. In 1856, the Journal was transferred to William Schouler & Co., Mr. Schouler, late adjutant-general of Massachusetts, being its editor. On the 28th of April, 1858, the Journal appeared as published by A. M. Gangewer, editor and proprietor, who merged in it a weekly paper called the Columbian. On the 19th of November following, it was announced that John and Henry Miller, of the firm of J. & H. Miller, of Columbus, and Henry D. Cooke and C. E. Bill, of the firm of H. D. Cooke & Co., of Sandusky, had become proprietors of the paper, under the firm of Cooke & Millers, Mr. Cooke being editor. The Daily Journal, which had previously been an evening paper, was then issued in the morning, as it has been since. Of the new publishers, the Millers were well-known business men of this city—Henry still residing among us, and John having removed to Chicago; H. D. Cooke & Co. were the publishers of the Sandusky Register. Of this firm, Mr. Bill appears to have had but a. mere nominal in- THE PRESS - 245. terest in the Journal. Henry D. Cooke was the brother, and became afterward the partner of Jay Cooke, the famous banker. J. & H. Miller. April 15, 1859, sold their interest to H. D. Cooke & Co., who remained sole proprietors until the 3d of November ensuing, when F. W. Hurtt became associated with them, under the firm of Cooke, Hurtt & Co. On the 4th of July, 1861, Mr. Cooke dissolved his connection with the paper, and Mr. Hurtt associated with him Dr. I. J. Allen, afterward Consul in China, under the name of Hurtt, Allen & Co., Dr. ,Allen officiating as editor. The paper was next transferred, October 1, 1864, to the Ohio State Journal Company, with W. H. Foster, of this city, as business manager. January 21, 1865, it came under the control of William T. Coggeshall & Co. Mr. Coggeshall had been State librarian, and was afterward sent as United States minister to Ecuador, in South America, where he died. The next transfer of the Journal was made November 8, 1865, to General James M. Comly, Dr. G. W. Robey, and Dr. S. M. Smith, under the name of Comly, Robey & Smith. On the 19th of the same month, the name of the Daily Ohio State Journal was changed to Daily Morning Journal, and its form from a folio of four to a quarto of eight pages. Aaron P. Miller, formerly of the Chillicothe Gazette, bought, October 1.2, 1866, Dr. Robey's interest, and the paper was then published by Comly, Miller & Smith, until May 6, 1867, when Comly and Smith became sole proprietors. J. Q. Howard, afterward consul in Nova Scotia, became associated with Comly & Smith in the publication of the Journal, January 24, 1868. The long-used name of the daily paper, that of Daily Ohio Journal, was resumed about the 1st of January, 1869, and its form changed back to the folio. In the issue of March 22, 1871, appeared the names of J. M. Comly, S. M. Smith, and J. Q. Howard, as publishers and proprietors, with James M. Comly as editor. General Comly, March 27, 1872, purchased Mr. Howard's interest, Comly & Smith be- 246 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. coming again sole proprietors, General Comly remaining, as he still does, at the head of the editorial department. The Journal, during the existence of the Whig party, was its staunch defender and its able advocate, as it has been of the Republican party since its formation, With equal firmness and ability, the paper now sustains the administration of General Grant. THE OHIO STATESMAN. In the Daily Ohio Statesman of March 31, 1870, appeared the following historical sketch:" “The first Democratic paper printed in Columbus was the Ohio Monitor, commenced by David Smith and Ezra Griswold, in 1816, just after the close of the war with Great Britain. In 1835, the paper, which had in the meantime been published by Trimble, who had bought out Griswold, was sold to Jacob Medary, who consolidated it with the Western Hemisphere. The Statesman is the legitimate successor of that paper. The publication of the Hemisphere was commenced by Gilbert and Melchor in 1832. Afterward, Melcher sold his interest to Russell C. Bryan. Gilbert and Bryan sold to Governor Medary and Colonel Manypenny. Then it passed into the hands of Sacket Reynolds, who sold it again to Governor Medary. “All this time it had been the Hemisphere, but on the 5th of July, 1837, the name of the paper was changed, and it appeared as the Ohio Statesman, with S. Medary & Brothers as proprietors, Colonel Medary being editor of the paper. When the Statesman first appeared, its office was on East Broad street, near High, in a one and a half storied frame building, which has long since disappeared, It was then issued weekly, except during the sessions of the legislature, when it was published twice a week. Eventually, it was published as a tri-weekly, and was continued in this way until August 11, 1847, when the first number of the Daily Ohio Statesman was issued. "From its location on East Broad street, the Statesman was moved, in 1839, to the Exchange building, on Broad, between High and Front streets. It remained there until 1844. It was next published in the frame building on the corner of State street and Pearl, adjoining the site on which the City Hall is now being erected. It continued there until 1847-48, when it was removed temporarily to a frame building standing on the lot now occupied by Seltzer's music store. It remained there until the brick building now occupied by Charles Wagner, on THE PRESS - 247 State street, was completed, when it was moved into that structure. Here it remained until 1853, when the office was removed to the Buckeye Block, corner of High and Broad streets. “In 1858, the Statesman was removed to its late office in Neil's. building, on High street. It remained in this building until its present removal to the large four-story brick, No. 74 North High street, fronting 22½ feet on High street, and running back on Elm street, 187 feet, to Pearl alley. It was purchased in February last by Mr. Richard Nevins from Lafayette Lazell, by whom it was erected in 1868." Samuel Medary having become sole proprietor of the States' man, in July, 1845, transferred it to C. C. & C. R. Hazewell—C. C. Hazewell, editor. In July, 1846, C. R. Hazewell became sole proprietor, C. C. still continuing editor, until the 23d of the ensuing October, when his name disappeared from the paper. On the 4th of November, 1846, the name of Colonel S. Medary appeared in the Statesman as sole proprietor and editor. No other change was published until April 1, 1853, when James H. Smith and Samuel S. Cox were named as editors and proprietors, Mr. Smith, January 2, 1854, sold his interest to Mr. Cox, who became sole editor and proprietor. Of two or three men connected with the Statesman up to this time a few words may not be out of place. Colonel Samuel Medary, during an active editorial life of nearly forty years, was the Ajax of the Democratic party in Ohio. He held for many years the office of State printer, was postmaster of this city, and governor of Kansas and Minnesota, during their territorial existence. Samuel S. Cox was for eight years a member of Congress from this district, and at present represents in the same body one of the wealthiest of the districts into which New York city is divided. James H. Smith at one time represented this county in our State legislature, and was afterward elected clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for this county. Mr. Cox did not long remain in the position of sole proprietor of the Statesman. In April, 1854, he became associated in the proprietorship with B. W. Spears and H. V. Mann, under the firm of Cox, Spears & Co., Mr. Cox retaining his post of editor. This partnership was of short duration, as Mr. Cox announced, in the paper of May 23, 1854, that it was sold to the 248 - STUDER'S COLUMBUS, OHIO. proprietors of the Daily Ohio State Democrat and a gentleman of Cincinnati, under the name of the Franklin Printing Company. The proprietors of the Democrat were Osgood, Blake & Knapp, and the “gentleman of Cincinnati" was understood to be W. H. Derby, a bookseller of that city. The Statesman and Democrat were consolidated, and the paper took the name of Ohio Statesman and Democrat. The editors of the Democrat, Horace S. Knapp and Charles B. Flood, became the editors of the consolidated paper. But on the 10th of February, 1855, the paper was transferred to Col. S. Medary, who, for the third time, became sole proprietor and editor. The words "and Democrat" were dropped from the title of the paper, and it took its original name of Ohio Statesman. On the 16th of February, 1857, the paper purported to be published by S. Medary and R. Nevins, the former being its editor. The name of James B. Marshall, however, appeared as editor on the 1st of May following. On the 17th of August, 1857, the announcement was made that the paper had been sold to James Haddock Smith, proprietor and editor, with whom Charles J. Foster became associated in the editorial department, in place of Mr. Marshall. On the 5th of June, 1858, Mr. Smith sold one-half interest in the paper to Thomas Miller, of this city; and on the 4th of January, 1859, the latter and George W. Manypenny, also of this city, became proprietors of the Statesman, Colonel Manypenny taking the position of editor. The paper was sold to the Ohio Statesman Company on the 17th of January, 1864, and Amos Layman announced as editor, with whom Lewis Baker was associated on the 1st of March ensuing. The name of the latter disappeared on the 7th of December, 1864, and that of E. B. Eshelman was substituted. Mr. Layman's name also disappeared January 28, 1867, and Mr. Eshelman's remained as sole editor. The Statesman was transferred, November 13, 1867, to Richard Nevins, and Charles B. Flood became editor with Mr. Eshelman. Both the editors' names disappeared from the paper on the 15th of January, 1869; but a month afterward appeared the announcement that the paper was published by R. Nevins THE PRESS - 249 and C. S. Medary, under the firm of Nevins & Medary, with C. B. Flood as editor. On the 31st of March, 1870, the paper was published by Nevins, Medary & Co., James Mills, editor. The Statesman was sold, April 1, 1872, to Dodd & Linton, by whom it was changed from a morning to an evening paper. On the 22d of June following, it purported to be published by the Statesman Company; and a month afterward, an announcement appeared, signed " Statesman Company, by J. F. Linton, manager," stating substantially that the Daily Statesman had been merged in the Daily Dispatch, an evening paper, professedly non-partisan in politics. The Statesman Company continued, and still continue to publish the Weekly Ohio Statesman and also the Sunday Statesman. Office, 26 North High street. THE DAILY DISPATCH AND DAILY OHIO STATESMAN. An evening paper, issuing a daily only. Published by the Dispatch Printing Company. Editor, John M. Webb; city editor, William Galer; foreman of news-room, Samuel Bradford; general manager, William Trevitt, Jr. Office, No. 26 North High street. The Columbus Dispatch Printing Company was incorporated June 28, 1871. Object, a general newspaper and job printing business. Capital stock, $10,000, divided into shares of $100 each. Incorporators: Samuel Bradford, Willoughby W. Webb, William Trevitt, Jr., T. McMahon, James O'Donnell, John M. Webb, Joseph S. B. Given, P. C. Johnson, L. P. Stephens, C. M. Morris, The Dispatch Printing Company, composed of newspaper men, issued the first number of the Daily Dispatch, an evening paper, on the 1st of July, 1871. The editor was Willoughby W. Webb, who was succeeded, in October, 1871, by Captain John A. Arthur, and the latter, in September, 1872, by John M. Webb, the present editor. In May, 1872, the company commenced the issue of a weekly edition, which was continued until the 23d of July following, when it was merged in the Weekly Statesman, and the Daily Statesman was merged in the Dispatch, and the title of the lat-