100 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. The return of the threemonths volunteers began during the latter part of July. The Fourteenth Ohio Infantry, Colonel Steedman, arrived at Columbus from Western Virginia on the twenty-fourth of that month, bringing numerous trophies from the battles of Carrick's Ford and Rich Mountain. The Columbus companies, Vedettes and Fencibles (B and C of the Second Regiment), arrived July 29, and were met at the railway station by a great crowd of assembled friends. A fund had been raised by general subscription to pay the expenses of the welcome and many substantial tokens of greeting were brought for delivery to the volunteers as soon as they should alight from the train. A grand evening reception was given to the returned companies at the Theatre on State Street. The Ohio State Journal of August, 1861, said : For the past two days our city has been filled with brave men who participated at Bull Run in by far the hardest fought battle ever fought upon this continent. In the popular mind, addicted as the sympathies are to the martial and heroic, these men find no little favor. .. . Each soldier is accredited with the performance of deeds rivaling in daring the actions of the farfamed old Scandinavian Seakings, and like AEneas, being permitted to relate his own story, he chooses his own embellishments and is listened to by the entranced crowds with the most unwearied interest. With the return of the three-month's volunteers a new difficulty arose which was very embarrassing to the State administration. Nine regiments which had been mustered into the State service in excess of the requisition of the War Department under the 75,000 call had never been mustered as United States troops although their retention under arms had been an act of wise forethought and their services in the rescue of Western Virginia, in pursuance of the plans of Governor Dennison, had been invaluable. On the last day of July Camp Chase was crowded with these men awaiting discharge and final payment, but, much to their disappointment, they received no attentions whatever from the national authorities. Governor Dennison had obtained timely pledges from the War Department that they should be mustered out and paid as United States volunteers, but for some reason these pledges were not redeemed. A paymaster who arrived from Washington refused to recognize them as national troops. They were therefore sent home without pay except that for a single month's service which they had received from the State. Of course this treatment of men who had performed excellent service caused great dissatisfaction, and the State administration was again most unjustly censured on account of delinquencies for which it was in no wise responsible. On July 18 the advance of McDowell's army from Washington was given the following headline announcement in a Columbus paper 99 The March on Richmond Begun — Fairfax Courthouse invested by Federal Troops -- Manassas Junction to be avoided — 50,000 Federal Troops Moving — They are to Cut their Way Through to Richmond — General Johnston in Full Retreat — General Patterson in Close Pursuit. On July 21 the Bull Run battle was fought, resulting in a disastrous defeat, panic and flight of the national forces. The consternation caused by this calamity I. IN WARTIME-1861 - 101 can hardly now be adequately conceived. The effects it produced in Columbus are reflected in the following passages in the Ohio State Journal : An immense, surging crowd assembled in front of our office. All expected the enemy would soon be ours and the oppression and gloom of war gave way to sunshine and joy. But at noon came dispatches announcing disaster, and a most despondent gloom spread over their faces and a pall seemed to settle upon their spirits. But in the evening a feeling of determination and revengeful resistance was aroused such as words cannot describe. " I feel like going myself!" was the exclamation of everyone who spoke. Until this time the popular impression, encouraged from Washington, had been that the war would be brief. Thousands of Ohio volunteers had been sent back to their homes as we have seen, and ten regiments more than required by the War Department had been retained in service by the Governor on his own responsibility. Mr. Seward had inferentially assured the people that the trouble would be a matter of sixty days. instead of being inspired to gird themselves for a great struggle, the loyal States had rather been admonished not to embarrass the National Government with a redundancy of resources. The Bull Run disaster quickly dissipated these delusions. It made plain to the public mind that the act of summoning 75,000 militia for the brief period of three months to suppress such a conspiracy as had been organized was, as Mr. Greeley characterizes it, " a deplorable error." Just at the time when the nation needed an organized army for prompt and sustained action the term of enlistment of these three months men had expired. Yet both government and people were fortunate in gaining, even through disaster, some adequate knowledge of the gigantic task before them. Congress, which was in extra session at the time the Bull Run rout took place, immediately. passed bills authorizing the President to accept one million volunteers. Recruiting had already recommenced under the President's call of July 1 for 300,000 threeyears men, and in the city of Columbus several new companies both for field and home service were organized. Among the companies having their origin in the city at or about this time was a socalled Zouave corps, of which the officers were: Captain, H. Park ; First Lieutenant, W. B. Hayden ; Second Lieutenant, H. C. Geary; Third Lieutenant, Joseph Quinn ; Ensign, Joseph Mellen. These officers were elected May 25. The company adopted the name of Coldstream Zouaves, and a uniform consisting of a red cap, darkblue trousers and a blue jacket trimmed with red. The company formed part of what was known as the Home Guard, but in August offered its services for the field and was assigned to the Fortysixth Ohio Infantry. Its armory was at the corner of High and Gay streets. In October a company called the Coldstream Guards was organized with the following officers : Captain, II. C. Geary ; First Lieutenant, E. M. Upton ; Second Lieutenant, Joseph Mellen. Another Home Guard company, organized in the Fifth Ward, was known as the Columbus Grays. Its Captain was Frederick Beck, its First Lieutenant, Jacob Voglegesang, and its Second Lieutenant, Frederick Beck, Junior. Still another, organized under Captain M. C. Lilley, was ordered to southern Ohio June 20, to guard railway bridges. Its officers, besides Captain Lilley, were : First Lieuten- 102 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. ant, James M. Stewart ; Second Lieutenant, James M. Comly. The company returned from its guard service July 24. A second company of the Vedettes was organized under Captain Thomas Arnold, and a second company of the Fencibles under Captain George C. Crum. A company of Highschool boys was organized as the Columbus Cadets, Captain Theon Thrall ; uniform, scarlet cap and red trowsers. We hear of the Goodale Zouaves, alias Goodale Guard, early in 1862. A company was recruited by Captain C. C. Walcutt for the three months service, but after ineffectual efforts to obtain a satisfactory assignment was disbanded. Captain Walcutt was finally appointed an inspector with the rank of major on the staff of Brigadier-General Charles W. Hill, in Western Virginia. The first prisoner arrested and brought to Columbus for alleged participation in the rebellion was a man said to have been detected in firing a bridge. He arrived June 29, and was lodged in the Stationhouse. The first batch of secessionist captives brought from the field was a party of twenty-three, mostly " wealthy and influential citizens of Virginia," who had been taken in the Kanawha Valley as hostages for Union men seized by the Confederates. They arrived, under guard, July 5, and were lodged at Camp Chase, but were released a few days later and returned via Chillicothe and Gallipolis to their homes. On July 16 four arrivals at the camp from Virginia increased the number of captives there to twelve. Twentyeight more, mostly officers, arrived from Virginia August 17. Sixteen Confederate soldiers, captured near Cheat Mountain, were brought in August 30. A squad of fifteen or twenty secessionists, taken in Louis County, Virginia, and fourteen more captured in battle near Summerville, same State, were added to the Camp Chase colony on September 16 and 18, respectively. Fortythree from Kentucky and twelve taken near Cross Lanes, Virginia, arrived " by special train from Cincinnati " October 27. Eight were brought in from the Kanawha Valley November 6, and eleven from Cheat Mountain November 13. The total number at the camp by this time was 278. On December 19 eight more arrived from Romney. The Ohio Statesman of November 6 contained this : The following distinguished secesh prisoners have by order of General [0. M.] Mitchell been sent from Camp Chase to Fort Lafayette — Colonel B. F. Stanton, Isaac Nelson, Thomas Carten, R. S. Thomas and George Forrester. The rumor is that they concocted well laid plans for an escape from Camp Chase. Ohio State Journal, February 24: A large number of rebel prisoners taken at Bloomery Gap, in General Lander's Division, were brought to "Camp Chase Hotel" Friday night. The squad included one colonel, Robert J. Baldwin who was captured by General Lander himself in the assault upon that place ; six captains, nine lieutenants, five first sergeants, six other sergeants, five corporals and nineteen privates. They were brought there in charge of Major Armstrong, of the Fifth Ohio. Nine prisoners captured near Fayetteville, Kentucky, by Colonel Scammon, of the Twentythird Ohio, also arrived on Saturday last. On October 12 Governor Dennison appealed to the county military committees, which had then been appointed throughout the State, for contributions of 1. - IN WARTIME-1861 - 103 clothing and blankets for the Ohio troops then said to be exposed to great hardships in the mountain regions of Western Virginia. The hardships, it was afterwards known, were exaggerated, but the response to the appeal was prompt and liberal. Within the course of a few weeks nearly eight thousand blankets, ten thousand pairs of woolen socks and a proportionate quantity of other articles were forwarded to Quartermaster-General Wright, at Columbus. The people of the capital contributed their full share of these articles. Pursuant to an order of September 27, by Adjutant-General Buckingham, citizen military committees to cooperate in the enlistment and supply of the volunteers were appointed. On October 8 the committee for the Twelfth Congressional District was thus announced : J. A. Wilcox, John P. Bruck, George Taylor, John Graham, Moses Seymour and Amos Reese. The Franklin County committee, appointed by that of the district, was as follows : J. H. Riley, James H. Smith, C. N. Olds, Peter Ambos, L. W. Babbitt, of Plain Township ; Doctor McLean, of Lockbourne ; and Doctor J. B. Potter, of Canal Winchester. On October 8 Adjutant-General Buckingham announced that in the appointment of lieutenants the county committees would, in future, be consulted. At a later date the committees were requested to nominate all the line officers of the new companies being recruited within their respective districts. In the earlier part of May a contract was awarded to S. E. Ogden for the supply of rations to the troops at Camp Jackson at the rate of $14.50 per hundred ; one hundred rations to consist of 40 pounds of beef, 51 of pork., 112 of flour or bread, ten of rice, six of Java coffee, twelve of sugar, one and a half of tallow candles, four of soap, eight quarts of beans and four quarts of vinegar. Among the contracts for army clothing awarded to Columbus men by Quartermaster-General Wright were these: For blouses and cavalry overcoats to Smith & Comstock ; for shirts to Dwight Stone ; for drawers to J. & T. E. Miller. Early in August a train of twenty-seven cars laden with artillery and ammunition for General Fremont's army in Missouri passed Columbus, going west. The delivery of these munitions being desired in the shortest possible time, they were being forwarded from Pittsburgh by the Adams Express, which had charge of the entire train and its freight. Four carloads of Enfield rifles consigned to Fremont, passed the city August 30. They also were being forwarded by the Adams Company. Forty cases of English rifles, consigned from Liverpool to Governor Dennison, reached Columbus October 5. Thirtyseven cases more arrived October 8, and on the same date the American Express brought one hundred cases of smoothbore muskets which had been rifled by Miles Greenwood, of Cincinnati. One of the curious episodes of this year was the circulation and general belief of a report that General W. T. Sherman, commanding in Kentucky, was insane. The Ohio Statesman of December 13 said : The Cincinnati Commercial [with which paper the report originated] states that it has information which it cannot discredit that General W. T. Sherman, late commander of the Kentucky Department, is insane. Symptoms which incited notice during his administration in Kentucky have at length developed 104 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. into a decided type. This disarms all censure of his management and all criticisms upon his ability, and excites sympathy in their stead. The Ohio State Journal thus commented: When General Buell took command of that [Kentucky] Department, it is now becoming evident that the whole situation was actually imperiled and the army comparatively demoralized under the unfortunate management of' General Sherman. It consequently devolved on General Buell to reorganize the whole division. Delicacy has doubtless prevented him from making any expose of affairs. The sequel has abundantly proved that the annals of war have seldom eahuseted a more senseless and wicked abuse of the privileges of the press than that which gave origin to this slander. In summing up the results of Governor Dennison's administration in 1861, Reid's Ohio in the War says: In spite of difficulties and depression the Adjutant-General was able, at the close of the year, to report fortysix regiments of infantry, four of cavalry and twelve batteries of artillery in the field, with twentytwo more regiments of' infantry and four of cavalry full or nearly full, and thirteen in process of organization. In all, the State had in the three-years service seventyseven thousand eight hundred and fourtyfour men, besides the twentytwo thousand three hundred and eighty men furnished at the first call for three months. NOTES. 1. The following statement as to the first enlistments, reported in the Ohio State Journal of August 1ef 1891, from Mr. J. Kilbourn Jones, of the Fencibles, may be regarded as authentic : "As soon as the news of the Sumter affair received, a number of us who were anxious to become soldiers spent all our time about the armory, waiting for the call. We not only remained there all day but staid until late in the evening. Among the most enthusiastic were H. A. Thatcher, A. 0. Mitchell and myself. On Monday, the fifteenth, the President's proclamation was officially received. Captain Riley, ef the Fencibles, and Captain Thrall of the Vedettes, were both present in the Government office at the time waiting for orders to begin recruiting. When Governor Dennison received the President's call for troops each captain started for his armory. The Vedettes's armory was on Town steeet, while ours was directly opposite the Statehouse, over what is now known as Andrew Dobbie's drygoods store. The stairway was where the Western Union Teleefaph Office is located. At the head of the stairs, on the second floor, was a small room used as a business office for the company. We were in the room, and when Captain Riley entered and told us the news I was sitting with a blank already filled out signature to immediately placed my signature to it and handed it to the captain. Mitchell and Thatcher did likewise, but I was first ; my name appears in that position on the muster roll. Mitchell's name appears third, under that of Thatcher. J. M. Elliott, the photographer, who was the first man of Vedettes to enlist, once disputed the question of precedence with me, but I convinced him that it would necessarily take longer to go from the Statehouse to the Vedettes's armory than it would to ours." 2. The Senate passed the amendment on the eighteenth, but it was no more heard of. Eight votes were recorded against it — those of Messrs. Buck, Cox, Garfield, Glass, Monroe Morse, Parrish and Smith. I. - IN WARTIME-1861 - 105 3. Reid's Ohio in the War says: "It thus came about that when the bewildering mass of military business was precipitated upon him [the Governor] en the fifteenth of April, he met it with a staff in which it seemed as if the capacity ef bad selection had been almost exhausted. Some of them had no executive ability ; some had no tact ; ene was wholly impractical ; they failed to command the confidence of the gathering volunteers, and at least two of them were the butt ef every jeker and idle clerk abeut the Capitol." 4. Volume I, page 29. 5. The principal officers on Governer Dennison's staff at this time were Adjutant-General, H. B. Carrington ; Quartermaster-General, D. L. Wood; Commissary General, George W. Runyan. Some months later the staff was reorganized as follows: Adjutant-General, C. P. Buckingham ; Assistant Ajutant-General, Rodney Mason ; Quartermaster-General, George B. Wright ; Assistant Quartermaster-General, Anthony B. Bullock ; Commissary-General, Columbus Delano ; Judge-Advocate-General, C. P. Wolcott ; Surgeon-General. W. L. McMillen ; Aides, Adolphus E. Jones, Martin Welker. 6. Ohio State Journal. 7. The repert of the Commissary-General shows that Butler, Donaldsen & Comstock furnished 176,223 meals for $29,404.24, and Deshler & Co. 144,846 meals for $24,140.99. 8. Of the arms thus received, says the Quartermaster-General's report, " two thousand only were firstclass percussion muskets, the remainder being old arms of various dates." The repert continues : "During the months of May and June repeated calls were made by the Governor upon the Ordnance Department. through General McClellan, and directly upon the Secretary of War, for further supplies of arms and equipments, both for infantry and cavalry, but none were received until October, when three thousand second class altered muskets came to hand. . . . In this emergency it was deemed advisable to try the experiment of rifling and otherwise improving the smoothbore muskets. An arrangement was made with Miles Greenwood, of Cincinnati, to execute the necessary alterations at a cost ef $1.25 for each musket. In addition he was to affix breech sights to one-twentieth of the entire number at an additional cost of $1.75 each. The experiment was highly successful and a large number otherwise unserviceable arms at this small cost made serviceable and effective weapons. . . . Of the thirty-three smoothbore six pounders under the control of the Quartermaster-General at the beginning ef the rebellion, twentyseven have been rebushed, rebored and rifled at a cost ef $1,350. . . As many of these guns were without caissons, and as there were no traveling forges or battery wagons attached to our batteries, these, with many other essentials to make them effective, had to be constructed. This work has been mostly done in Columbus at the establishment of Hall, Ayres & Co. at Government cost price. .. Favorable contracts were also made with John S. Hall, Peter Hayden and other parties in the State for necessary supplies of artillery-harness, cavalry and infantry equipments and accoutrements." The repert here quoted was made by General George B. Wright, Quartermaster-General, who assumed his official duties on July 1, and discharged them with great efficiency. The period covered by the report includes the greater part ef the year 1861. Of the State Laboratory for the manufacture of fixed ammunition, which was established in the old carshops of Kimball & Ridgway, in Franklinten, General Wright says : "At one period the number ef hands employed at the laboratory was 260, more than half of whom were girls and young women." Up to the date ef the report—December 15—the establishment had produced over 2,500,000 cartridges for small arms and artillery. . Of a notable contract for cannonballs for the use of a Cleveland battery hastily ordered to Marietta to assist in the defense of the border, we have the following account in one of the Columbus papers: "The Columbus Machine Company received an order on Sunday, about 4 o'clock, for two tons of cannonballs from the State. The patterns had to be made and the workmen gathered up, but notwithstanding all this, at 5 o'clock last evening they succeeded in filling the order and delivering them at the depot. They were for six pounders, and were 106 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. handed over to Colonel Barnett's artillery from Cleveland, which passed through here last night to some point en the Ohio River." 9. Ohio in the War, Volume I, page 29. Some days later contracts for three thousand overcoats were awarded te the following Columbus contractors : O'Harra & Co., C. Breyfogle, B. E. Smith, Theodore Comstock, A. A. Stewart and William Miller. 10. The following companies were announced as present in the camp at noon, April 23: Captain Childs's, Dayten ; Captain McDeugal's, Licking County ; Captain Marrew's, Columbus; Captain Cummings's, Shelby ; Captain Harris's, Cincinnati ; Captain Walcutt's, Columbus ; Captain Johnsen's, Piqua ; Captain Langston's, Cevingten ; Captain Snyder's, Celumbus ; Captain Turney's, Columbus. The arrivals of companies on April 22 and 23 were thus chrenicled, each being entitled by the name of its commanding officer : Rossman's, Hamilton ; Vananda's, Springfield ; Weaver's, Hardin County ; Wallace's, Belmont County ; Gilmore's, Chillicothe ; Andrews's, Knox County ; Banning's, Knox County ; Drury's, Troy ; Coleman's, Troy ; Corwin's, Mad River ; Runkle's, Champaign County ; Lowe's, Greene County ; Harlan's, Clinton Ceunty ; Nicholas's, Lima ; Nolan's Anderson Guards ; Masen's Pickaway Tigers ; Miller's Given Guards ; Ashmore's, Bellefentaine ; Buell's, Marietta ; McMurchin's, Clermont; Powell's, Delaware ; Crawford's, Delaware ; total 2,888 men. 11. Regulatiens ef the camp were announced by the Adjutant-General April 28. They were in substance as follows : 1. Discharge of firearms within the limits of the camp forbidden. 2. Vielations of this regulation and all cases of intemperance to be reported by company commanders and punished by severe penalties. 3. Disorder in the dininghalls or barracks, forcing the lines of sentinels, and similar violations of discipline, to be reperted to the camp commandant for condign punishment. 4. Each company to organize its own music, including beats and calls, but music during drillhours te be forbidden. 5. Companies attending church in the city to march without music and of the camp exercises only rollcalls te be permitted on the Sabbath. 6. Visitors to be admitted enly at stated times publicly announced, and not at all on Mondays and Tuesdays. 7. Commanders of companies quartered elsewhere than in the camp to report regularly every morning to the Assistant-Adjutant-General. 8. Soldiers in camp to carry no arms except such as are used in the drill, and these only when the drill is in progress. 9. Evening prayers to be offered daily at feur P. M. 10. Religious service to be held at eleven A. M. on Sundays, but companies may attend divine service in the city on permission. 12. The committees appointed were : On purchases, Mrs. Dennison, Mrs. W. W. Fell, Mrs. Willard Knight, Mrs. Doctor McMillen ; on donations, Mrs. Henry C. Neble, Mrs. George M. Parsons, Mrs. A. B. Buttles, Mrs. Doctor S. M. Smith, Mrs. J. W. Andrews, Mrs. Baldwin Gwynne, Mrs. W. W. Fell, Mrs. J. William Baldwin, Mrs. Peter Ambos, Miss Kate Myers, Miss Mollie Andrews; on cutting garments, Mrs. Doctor McCune, Mrs. F. W. Hurtt, Mrs. Searles, Mrs. Joel Buttles, Mrs. Theodore Comstock, Mrs. Peter Campbell, Mrs. Godfrey Robinson, Mrs. P. Kimball, Mrs. E. E. Shedd, Mrs. Justin Mergan, Mrs. Doctor Fowler, Mrs. Francis D. Gage, Mrs. Doctor Ide, Mrs. Medbery, Mrs. Keys ; on distribution, Mrs. Samuel Galloway, Mrs. F. W. Hurtt, Mrs. Jehn Hall. 13. The signatures to this pledge included the names of all the dry- and fancygoods merchants in the city, and nearly all the participants in ether branches ef business, but complaint was soon made that some who had signed it were not keeping it as they should. 14. This camp was a United States post controlled by the National Government, and not, as was at the time popularly supposed, by the Governor of Ohio. Its administration was much complained of and the Governor was very unjustly blamed on account ef it. It was in the department and under the control of General McClellan, under whose direction it was laid out by General Rosecrans. I. - IN WARTIME-1861 - 107 15. On May 7 appeared this comment : " Camp Jackson yesterday was a perfect mud-hole. It rained incessantly during the whole day." 16. On June 21 Captain Turney's company was disbanded, the requisite number of men to organize it not having been obtained. 17. Ohio State Journal. 18. Ohio Statesman. 19. The Ohio State Journal ef July 6, 1861, remarked significantly : "Quartermaster-General Wright is gaining many friends by the manner he exhibits in awarding contracts. There has not a single case occurred in which the lowest responsible bidder did not get the contract for which he applied." 20. Ohio State Journal. 21. General L.Thomas. 22. Ohio State Journal. CHAPTFR IX. II. - IN WARTIME-1862. The administration of Governor Tod began January 13, 1862. Of the staff officers of his predecessor he retained Adjutant-General C. P. Buckingham, Quarter-master General George B. Wright and Commissary-General Columbus Delano. The remaining staff appointments announced in due course were these : Judge Advocate-General, Luther Day ; Surgeon-General, Gustav C. E. Weber ; Aide, Garretson J. Young. Adjutant-General Buckingham remained in office only until April 18, when he retired to take a position in the War Department, and was succeeded by Charles W. Hill. Another change took place in October, when, in lieu of Surgeon-General Weber, who resigned because of impaired health, the Governor appointed Doctor Samuel M. Smith of Columbus. The year opened rather cheerlessly. The vast volunteer host which had so nobly responded to the various calls of the President had as yet experienced but faintly the inspiration of success. A few minor triumphs had been won, but serious and bloody reverses had been suffered. A huge army lingered inactively on the Potomac while the Confederate flag floated within sight of the National Capital. There were many optimists who still believed the struggle would be brief, or would be evaded by some sort of temporizing compromise, but the signs of the times gave no positive augury of its issue. Hope was mingled with apprehension, confidence with dread. Thus January passed and February had begun when, scarcely looked for in the gloom of winter, a joyous message thrilled the nation. On February 6, Fort Henry fell, and on the sixteenth Fort Donelson. The effect of these tidings was everywhere electric, nowhere more so than at the capital of Ohio. As the good news " passed from lip to lip," says a contemporary record, " beams of patriotic gladness lighted up every countenance and glowed in every eye. . . . Everywhere were groups and knots and crowds of citizens listening as some one read forth the dispatches that narrated the glorious victory." Flags were unfurled from windows and housetops, and cannon mingled with the peal of churchbells their thunderous voices. The General Assembly, unahle to fix its attention on business, adjourned and, in joint meeting, resolved itself into a "committee of the whole on the glorious state of the Union." In the evening the Capitol and other public buildings and many private residences were illuminated, bonfires were built and shouting multitudes thronged the streets. [108] II. - IN WARTIME-1862 - 109 Seven weeks later, just as the gladsome spring had begun to diffuse its aroma of buds and blossoms, news of a different kind arrived, and a hush of deep anxiety fell upon the city. A tremendous battle had been fought on the Tennessee, and the blood of Ohio's best had been shed in torrents. Scores of families, in all parts of the city, awaited in chafing apprehension the first tidings of friends near and dear who had taken part in the conflict. It was the first experience in Ohio, on such a scale, of the fireside distress and desolation which follow in the wake of war. The slaughter had been immense, and a piteous appeal for succor and solace came from the bloody woods of Shiloh. Governor Tod, as will be narrated elsewhere, quickly and nobly responded with all the resources at his command, and all the energy of his generous heart. The Aid Society was equally prompt, and for the first time, because it was the first great opportunity, showed how fathomless and beneficent, how unreserved, helpful and far reaching was the patriotism of the women of Columbus. Their first information of the battles of April 6 and 7, was received on the ninth ; a few hours later their trusted, kindhearted messenger, Francis C. Sessions, was on his way with supplies to the scene of conflict. Let him narrate, in his own way, what he saw and did. On April 12, he wrote as follows from a steamboat then ascending the Tennessee and approaching Pittsburgh Landing: 1 I telegraphed you yesterday that I was on my way to the battlefield with fifteen boxes of hospital stores from the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society of Columbus. At Evansville, Indiana, I met Major Holloway, the efficient Private Secretary of Governor Morton, of Indiana, with twenty-four physicians and surgeons, a large number of nurses and hospital stores for Indiana's sick and wounded. I showed him a letter I had from. Governor Tod to Generals Halleck and Buell and told him my mission. He at once kindly invited me to take passage on the boat they had chartered and bring my stores on board as they would arrive on the battlefield some hours sooner than the boat I was on. We stopped at Fort Henry, where we saw six of our dead who were brought down ; two Ohioans, one from Wellsville named Glass Patton, and the other an artillerist — I could not learn his name. We met four boatloads of wounded bound for St. Louis, Louisville, Evansville and Paducah. We hear a great many vague rumors of several Ohio regiments being cut to pieces, driven back to the river, and the gunboats turning on them to prevent their escaping across the river, etc., etc. That our troops have suffered severely there can be no doubt. We just met a boat loaded with wounded and they say there is great need of surgeons and hospital stores, and that we are the first boat up with such supplies. We expect to arrive there tonight. I shall go to work immediately distributing among the needy. I have no doubt their wants are urgent. General Halleck, it is reported, passed up last night, and a great battle is pending at Corinth, if not now in progress. Reports come to us that General A. Sidney Johnson, Breckenridge, Crittenden and other rebel generals are killed, and Beauregard wounded in the arm ; that they retreated in good order to Corinth ; that they have been reenforced and have advanced two miles on our forces ; and that the two armies are ready for action. I shall write you all the news I can get, with the names of Ohio's killed and wounded. The distance from the mouth of the Tennessee to Savannah is 200 miles ; Pittsburgh Landing is ten miles above. The river is much wider than the Cumberland —nearly half a mile wide. There are but few signs of civilization thus far ; once in a while a negro hut. The colored inhabitants appear to be quite enthusi- 110 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. astic, coming to the doors and shouting and showing their ivory as we pass. We have just passed the railroad bridge of the Memphis & Ohio Railroad, destroyed by order of Commodore Foote after the surrender at Fort Henry. . . . We have just arrived at Pittsburgh Landing, and I went immediately to Doctor Hewitt, Medical Director, and told him that I had fifteen boxes of hospital stores. He said the articles were just what were needed, as they were out of everything except medicines ; that I was the first that had arrived with supplies. He allowed me to go to Ohio surgeons and have them make out their requisitions for what they needed. The wounded are now being sent away from here and therefore no more articles will be needed here until another battle. STEAMER GLENDALE, April 20. I have now been nearly two weeks upon the battlefield and vicinity, distributing hospital stores, sending the sick and wounded to the boats and assisting in various ways. Early this beautiful morning I heard the shrill notes of the Calliope. I waited for the approach of the boat, which had the hospital signal flying, and among the first persons I noticed was the genial face of Doctor S. M. Smith, of your city, and the commanding form of Lieutenant-Governor Stanton. He soon called me to come down to the boat and he was the first one to jump ashore and enquire at once for the Medical Director. We waded through the mud nearly knee deep and found him just getting up. We at once made known our business and the Doctor went to work immediately to make preparations for receiving the sick and wounded of the soldiers. In a little over one day the boat is loaded and we are on our way home. I was glad to see friends from Columbus once more. It seemed as if 1 had been about six months from home, having seen so much and not having had a regular night's sleep. We stop at Savannah and take on board about twenty Ohio and several Kentucky soldiers who seem grateful enough that they are not left there to die. Scattered all over the town, in every house for a mile and a half around, our wounded have been placed. Of course there has been much neglect and suffering, as no one could well attend to all. About thirty miles below we take on more sick of the First Ohio Cavalry, stationed there to guard the river. Two boats have been fired into, while going down the river, by the rebels, and two persons killed. A number of the rebels were taken prisoners, and the little town near the ferry burned. We have about 250 sick and wounded on board who are divided off into wards, having surgeons and nurses detailed for each ward. It is surprising how one becomes interested in the men one is caring for. The ward assigned to Doctor Roby, of the Senate, Doctor Bowers, Rev. E. P. Goodwin, Messrs. Bickett and McNeilly, of Columbus, and myself, is the largest. ward, consisting of forty men, nearly all sick. The men improve under their kind treatment; they are so grateful, and their countenances brighten up wonderfully, and they so improve every day that one is well paid for any little inconvenience or self denial one may suffer to alleviate their condition. One poor fellow from Marietta died last night. I understand he was married in September and enlisted next day. In his pocket were found letters from his wife and a little book in which he had written : " Philip Shaub. Given me by my Chaplain, B. W. Chidlaw." During the month of April a great many sick and wounded soldiers arrived at Columbus on their way home from the front. Many of them were destitute of money as well as disabled by sickness or wounds. The ladies of the city were therefore appealed to for contributions of food, and would such attentions to these men as woald alleviate their distresses while waiting between trains. The response to this appeal was prompt and generous. II. - IN WARTIME-1862 - 111 On April 25 the Ohio State Journal made the following exuberant remark apropos to apparent military success then recent: " It is evident that the end of the rebellion draweth nigh." The same paper of May 25 thus imparted the news of the evacuation of Yorktown before McClellan's army : They [the enemy] fled on Saturday night, destroying of their stores all they could without revealing their flight ; the remainder was left for our occupancy and possession. Now ON TO RICHMOND ! will be no vain demand. THE REBELLION IS SUPPRESSED, THE CONFEDERACY IS ALREADY CRUMBLED. These remarks doubtless reflected to some extent the popular feeling at that time—a feeling which received very little further encouragement during the remainder of this disastrous year. The consummation so long and so devoutly wished—a movement of the Army of the Potomac—had at least been realized, but the movement ended only in repulse, and humiliating and disastrous withdrawal from before Richmond. While McClellan was advancing up the James River peninsula, Stonewall Jackson swooped down the Shenandoah, cleared the Valley of Virginia of Union troops, appeared before Harper's Ferry and meditated, it was supposed, a quick raid on Washington. This brilliant exploit of Jackson's caused a panic at the War Department and produced tremendous' consternation throughout the country. Appealed to from Washington, Governor Tod issued a hasty call—May 26—for three months volunteers to defend the National Capital, supposed to be in imminent peril. The popular response to this summons was instantaneous. On the very next day citizens came pouring into Camp Chase, and for several days thereafter they kept coming, until the volunteers thus offered numbered about five thousand. From these the Eighty-fourth, -fifth, -sixth, -seventh and .eighth regiments were organized,the Eighty-fifth and Eighty-eighth for service in the State. On July 1 the President called for 300,000 additional volunteers, and on August 4 ordered a draft of 300,000 men to serve nine months. In pursuance of these calls, recruiting efforts were redoubled, and, " to secure greater economy, convenience and efficiency " in raising the new three-years regiments and in replenishing those already in the field, the State was divided, by an order from the Adjutant-General's office, into five military districts, of which the fifth comprised the counties of Franklin, Licking, Madison, Champaign, Logan, Union, Delaware, Marion, Morrow and' Knox, with its rendezvous at Camp Chase. The disappointing issue of the peninsula campaign had in no wise diminished the patriotic ardor of the people; on the contrary it stimulated them to surpass all their previous records for patriotic and resolute action. " War meetings" to promote enlistments and provide for the families of absent soldiers were held in all parts of the State, and were both enthusiastic and nonpartisan. A meeting of this kind, extraordinary in size and earnestness, was held July 15, at the West Front of the Capitol, and was addressed by Governor Tod, who was also its chairman. Other addresses were made by Hon. J. W. Andrews and Hon. Samuel Galloway. Messrs. Lewis Heyl, Louis Hoster, D. W. Deshler and Horace Wilson served the meeting as vice presidents, and H. R. Beeson and H., C. Noble as secretaries. Messrs: J. R. Swan, F. C. Sessions, J. P. Bruck, Isaac Eberly, L. Yerington, F. C. 112 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Kelton and C. N. Olds reported, as they were appointed to do, a series of resolutions, which were enthusiastically adopted, pledging a most cordial and unquestioning response to the call of the country. Among the sentiments thus expressed and ratified were the following : As it has been ascertained on examination that an appropriation of funds by our City Council, which was anticipated, cannot be legally made for want of proper authority, and as such funds as may be needed must be raised by the private liberality of our citizens ; therefore Resolved, that a committee of seven be appointed by the chairman of this meeting to obtain subscriptions to a military fund which shall be paid to James H. Riley, Treasurer of the County Military Committee, said fund to be applied under the direction of said Military Committee, to aid in recruiting our quota of the volunteers of Ohio under the late call of the President, and for the relief of soldiers in the service; further, that the military committees of the several townships in the county be and they are hereby requested to call meetings in their respective townships and cause committees to be appointed to obtain subscriptions to said county military fund. The manner in which the appeal for subscriptions was responded to by the meeting is thus recorded : One says, " put me down for $1,000," and amid the cheers that rise to the very stars he turns to his friend and remarks : " I have five children, and that is an investment of $200 for each of them in our nation's safety fund !" His friend, touched with the same emotion, says : " Put me down for a thousand," and amid other cheers he replies to his neighbor : "I have no children, but there is a thousand as a loan to posterity !" and in this spirit that great mass meeting felt and spoke and acted. We have heard of but one man who, the next day, felt dissatisfied with his subscription ; him we saw yesterday with eager countenance anxiously seeking the committee to correct the amount of his subscription. We saw him too as he made his way to their books and as he seized a pen and with a dashing hand wrote down a thousand dollars where before had stood but five hundred, saying also to the committee : " Gentleman, if it becomes necessary, make it five thousand." That was the venerable and patriotic Doctor Goodale. . . . The sum of $500 had been subscribed for him in his absence by a friend the evening before. . . . We understand that fully twenty-five thousand had been tendered up to last evening. 2 An additional war meeting was held in Columbus August 20. Among the speakers of the occasion were Hon. William Allen and Hon. H. J. Jewett. The attendance was large. Activity in recuiting having relaxed somewhat during the latter part of July and earlier part of August, the Franklin County Military Committee adopted the following resolution : That a bounty of twenty dollars be paid each recruit for the volunteer three years service, procured in this county, subsequent to July 1, 1862, provided no bounty has been received ; said bounty to be paid on the certificate of the surgeon of the regiment to which the recruit or recruits are assigned ; or of the colonel of the regiment provided the colonel has the certificate of the captain of the company to which the recruit or recruits are attached ; such certificates showing in all cases that said recruits have been enlisted since July 1, 1862, and that they have been examined, accepted and sworn into the service of the United States for three years or during the war. II. - IN WARTIME —1862.113 By this and other means taken by patriotic citizens, acting through their committees, the full quota of volunteers assigned to Franklin County was furnished without resort to the draft. The total of enlistments in the county, up to October 19, reached 3,476, of which 1,431 had been furnished by the City of Columbus. In anticipation of the draft which the county so praiseworthily avoided, Henry C. Noble was appointed a district provost marshal, and C. N. Olds was named as a commissioner for the city and county to hear excuses and determine as to exemptions from military service. The draft finally took place in the State at large on. October 1 ; the whole number of recruits obtained hy it was 12,251. The autumn of 1862 was distinguished by great events in the theatre of war, and much anxiety and excitement throughout the North. Particulars of the great battles of August 28, 29 and 30, between the armies of Generals Pope and Lee in Virginia, and the withdrawal of Pope's forces within the defenses of Washington, began to reach Columbus September 2, and caused a great deal of apprehension. Just a fortnight later the telegraph brought information of the military operations in Maryland, resulting in the bloody battle of Antietam. As to the manner in which the favorable account of the opening of that battle at South Mountain was received we have the following record : The cheering news yesterday morning [September 16] sent a glad thrill of joy and feeling of victory through the blood of our citizens during the entire day. The deadly roar of cannon had hardly died away over the victorious plains of Middletown before our city trembled with the concussion of a full national salute. Major Bliss brought out one of the ,new rifled sixpounders on the eastern capitol lawn, the report of which soon brought the rejoicing citizens together from every quarter. The shouts and huzzas for McClellan and victory formed an appropriate chorus for the deafening notes of the cannon.3 During the first five days of September an advance of Kirby Smith's Confederate army northward through Kentucky with evident intent to attack Cincinnati, which had been left in a defenseless state, caused a tremendous sensation throughout Ohio. At the call of the Governor, minutemen, uniquely named Squirrel Hunters, rushed instantly to the defense of the imperilled metropolis, and by their promptness and vim quickly thwarted the enemy's scheme of invasion. The Ohio State Journal of September 6 thus referred to this outpouring: The oldest inhabitant on the face of this wide planet, not even excepting the Wandering Jew, has ever seen anything like the present pouring forth of brave and patriotic men for the defense of their homes. . .. The word went forth that Ohio was menaced, that her Queen City was threatened ; and immediately from farm and forge, from shop and study, from office and factory, there came forth a swarm that no man could number and no rebel army withstand. They came with their own tried and trusty guns. They stood not upon the order of their going, but went at once. They clutched the rifle that hung upon the buckhorns in the kitchen; they snatched up the venerable musket that had long stood neglected in the corner, they seized the double barreled shotgun with which they sported for small game, all bringing their own ammunition, and poured out en masse upon the railroad lines, along which every station was crowded with eager patriots begging to be carried forward towards the rebel invaders. Yesterday morning, from Columbus north along the Cleveland road, more than a thousand men were 114 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. found awaiting the arrival of trains to carry them on towards Kentucky.. . . But the trains could not receive them. They were already crowded with other such and no more could be taken. As they passed our depot the air was rent with huzzas and spirit stirring songs that went up from a thousand loyal hearts. The year closed with the battle at Fredericksburg, December 13, and that at Stone River, December 31. The first, a blundering, wholesale, useless slaughter of brave men and a climax of military incompetency and disaster, marked the very midnight of the war and produced general sadness and dejection. Of the impressions it produced in Columbus we have this account : Yesterday [December 14] might be termed a Sabbath of solicitude in the city. On the way to church in the morning the people were startled by running newsboys crying Journal Extra, " bloodiest battle of the war," " Fredericksburg in flames," etc. All day excited groups were gathered on the corners and at the public houses, discussing the events of the previous day and conjecturing of the probable carnage of every hour. Newspaper men and telegraph operators were hailed from every quarter by anxious inquiry, " anything more from the Rappahannock?" "What about Burnside?" " How is the battle by this time?" .. At evening our office was crowded with people nervous for news and who seemed loth to hear that nothing would come over the wires until 10 P. M. To all we come this morning with our bloody offering. 4 After this horrible human hecatomb had closed, at least for Virginia, the year's dismal record, the humor and the yearning of the American people were aptly expressed in the contemporary lines of Edmund Clarence Stedman : Back from the trebly crimson field Terrible words are thunder tost, Full of wrath that will not yield, Full of revenge for battles lost ! Hark te the echo as it crost The capital, making faces wan : "End this murdereus helocaust ; Abraham Linceln, give us a Man! " Give us a man of God's own mould, Bern to marshal his fellowmen ; One whose fame is not bought and sold At the stroke of a politician's pen ; Give us the man, of thousands ten, Fit to do as well as to plan ; Give us a rallying cry, and then, Abraham Lincoln, give us a Man ! " Hearts are sorrowing in the North While the sister rivers seek the main, Run with our lifebloed flowing forth— Who shall gather it up again ? Though we march te the battle plain Firmly as when the strife began, Shall our offering be in vain? Abraham Lincoln, give us a Man ! II. - IN WARTIME-1862 - 115 "Is there never, in all the land, One on whose might the cause may lean ? Are all the common men so grand, And all the titled ones so mean ? What if your failure may have been In trying to make good bread of bran, Of worthless metal a weapon keen ? Abraham Lincoln find us a Man ! " 0, we'll follow him to the death, Where the foeman's fiercest columns are ! 0, we will use our latest breath Cheering for every sacred star! His to marshal us nigh and far, Ours to battle as patriets can When a Hero leads the Holy War ! Abraham Lincoln, give us a Man !" The man so longed for was destined to be found—but not yet I The military movements to and from Ohio's capital during the year may be briefly recorded. The Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry, organized in Ashtabula County, in 1861, moved to Camp Chase in December of that year, and in the following January to Cumberland, Maryland. The Sixty-seventh quitted Camp Chase for Romney, Virginia, January 20. The Sixty-sixth, from Urbana, passed Columbus for the same destination January 17. On January 25 the Eighty-second, from Kenton, passed Columbus going eastward, bound for Grafton, Virginia. The Seventy-second, from Fremont, arrived at Camp Chase January 24, and in February was ordered to report to General Sherman, in Kentucky. The Sixty-eighth, organized in Henry County, moved in January to Camp Chase, and thence set out for Fort Donelson, Tennessee, February 7. The Forty-sixth moved from Camp Lyon, near Worthington, to Camp Chase, February 11, and on the eighteenth of the same month set out for Kentucky. Three companies of the Eighteenth United States Infantry quitted Camp Thomas for the same destination February 17 ; on May 31 five more companies of this regiment and one of the Sixteenth Regulars set out for Corinth. On February 24 the Seventy-fourth arrived at Camp Chase from Xenia ; on April 20 it was ordered to Nashville, Tennessee. The Sixty-ninth set out for the same destination April 19; it had arrived at Camp Chase from Hamilton February 19. The Fifty-seventh, which arrived at Camp Chase from Findlay, January 22, set out for Kentucky February 18. The Fifty-eighth, a German regiment organized at Camp Chase, embarked from Columbus for Tennessee February 10. Part of the Fifty-second arrived at Camp Chase April 21. The Sixty-first, organized at Camp Chase April 23, left for Western Virginia May 27. The Eighty-fourth left Camp Chase June 11 for Washington. The Eighty-sixth, organized at Camp Chase June 11, left for Clarksburg, Western Virginia, June 17. The Eighty seventh was ordered from Camp Chase to Baltimore June 12. The Ninety-fifth was mustered in at Camp Chase August 19, and on the next day was ordered to Lexington, Kentucky. The Forty-fifth, organized at the same camp in August, 116 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. departed on the twentieth of that month for Cincinnati and the South. Thirty deserters were forwarded to their regiments September 4. A dispatch sent from Cincinnati by Governor Tod September 3 stated that Colonel McMillen was on his way home with 600 men of this regiment who had been captured and paroled, and that the remainder were killed, wounded or missing. A large detachment of the regiment arrived September 6. Among thousands of troops which passed Columbus September 5, bound for the front, was the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry. The Eighty-sixth Ohio returned from Clarksburg September 18, and went to Delaware to be mustered out. The Eighty-fourth arrived for muster out September 17. It was ordered to Camp Delaware, as was also the Eighty-seventh, which arrived September 23. The One Hundred Seventh, a German regiment organized at Cleveland, passed through to Camp Delaware October 3. Five companies of the One Hundred Fifteenth arrived at Camp Chase for guard duty October 10. The One Hundred Tenth, from Camp Piqua, passed through to Zanesville October 19. The One Hundred Twelfth left Columbus for camp at Mansfield October 23. The One Hundred Thirteenth, from Camp Zanesville, passed through to Camp Dennison December 15. The rendezvous of the Ninth Ohio Cavalry was changed from Camp Zanesville to Camp Chase October 28. The One Hundred Seventh, from Camp Delaware, passed eastward for Washington October 30. The first installment of Confederates captured at Fort Donelson arrived at Camp Chase, February 26. Among them is said to have been a former member of the City Council named T. V. Hyde. These prisoners were under charge of Lieutenant Colonel Stewart, of the Eighth. Illinois Infantry, and were all officers, ninety-five in number. Another installment of 104, also officers, was brought by Captain Fessenden's Company of United States Infantry, February 27. On March first 720 arrived, increasing the number in Camp Chase to 1,200. These, too, were in larger part officers, and all from Fort Donelson. Their uniforms were described as being of all styles and colors. A Mr. Trigg, appointed by Andrew Johnson, Military Governor of Tennessee, to visit the captive Confederates in Camp Chase, performed his mission March 31. On April 8, thirty Confederate officers were sent from Columbus to Fort Warren. On the thirteenth of the same month a special train brought 230 officers captured at Island Number 10. They were Alabamians, Tennesseans and Mississippians. Since they had been in the Confederate service — about five months — they had received no pay, not even " shinplasters." A lieutenant of the Fortieth Ohio Infantry brought in a few officers of Humphrey Marshall's " band of guerrillas " April 16. During the week ended April 18, one hundred captives were received at Camp Chase and 190 were transferred from thence to Johnson's Island. Seventeen prisoners taken at Pittsburgh Landing arriving about the same time. Complaint was made of local demonstrations of sympathy towards them. The freedom given to the paroled Confederates in the city was also, at this time, a subject of severe criticism. Over two hundred were transferred to Johnson's Island during the last week in April. One hundred and seven captives sent by General 0. M. Mitchell from Huntsville, Alabama, arrived at Camp Chase May 1. On May 4, thirtyfour arrived from the Kanawha Valley, and on May 9, several alleged " guerrillas " were received from II. - IN WARTIME-1862 - 117 Wheeling. A captive Confederate named C. M. Swayne escaped from Camp Chase, May 9. Twelve Confederate partisans called Moccasin Rangers arrived at the camp May 19. About two hundred captured Tennesseans, including members of John Morgan's cavalry, were brought in nearly at the same time. A petition to the Secretary of War to have the paroled Confederates at Columbus removed from the city was in circulation May 22, and received many signatures. Loud complaint was made of the offensive manners of some of these paroled prisoners while lounging in the streets and hotels, The entertainment of a Confederate officer at dinner by Philip R. Forney, 5 an officer of the United States Army, resulted in considerable feeling owing to the fact that Forney's guest knocked down an intoxicated soldier of the Sixty-first Ohio who approached and annoyed him while at table. Forty captives, including several sick and wounded, arrived from Corinth, Mississippi, May 27. On the same date eighty paroled Confederates who had been sent to Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie, returned to Camp Chase. An inspection of the prisoners in the camp June first led to the discovery that many of them were secretly armed with knives, pistols and other weapons. The Ohio State Journal of July 23, announced further Confederate arrivals in these terms : Yesterday two squads of secesh prisoners were taken to Camp Chase. The 11:20 A. M. train from the east brought twenty bushwhacking guerrillas captured in Virginia. Several of them had been wounded and were compelled to use crutches. A number were of the regular mountain bushwhacker stripe. The crippled ones were taken out to camp in an omnibus but the others were "walked" out. The same paper of July 31 furnishes the following index of the editorial temper of the time : A small batch of Kentucky secesh — guerrillas, bushwhackers and sick cattle —who took occasion from John Morgan's raid to assist the rebellion, were landed at Camp Chase yesterday. Such language may have found echo in the existing state of public feeling, but the rebellion was not suppressed by epithets. On September 3 twenty-five captives arrived from Wheeling, and on the seventeenth of the same month twenty-two escaped from the Camp Chase prison. A reward of $600 was offered for the fugitives ; part of them were retaken in Madison County. On September 29 two carloads of Confederates were sent to Johnson's Island ; on the next day a detachment of twenty-three arrived. Twenty secessionist prisoners mentioned as being of "the straw hat and foxy shoe leather description," were brought in October 18. Twenty-nine more, including several officers, arrived from Virginia December 2; on December 8 one hundred and thirty left for Cairo., Illinois, to be exchanged. A series of rules regulating the enrollment, custody, sanitation, visitation and inspection of the prisoners at the camp was issued by the Govornor March 2. A detachment of 750 paroled Union prisoners captured during General Pope's campaign in Virginia arrived at Camp Chase September 11. Their condition was described as " wretched and squalid." According to assignment there should have 118 - THE HISTORY OF CITY OF COLUMBUS. been, it was stated, about five thousand of these prisoners in the camp at this time, although the actual number was only about three thousand. The remainder were miscellaneously scattered over the country. On September 19 General Lewis Wallace and staff arrived for the purpose of organizing these men into a corps, presumably for service against the Indians. General Wallace's headquarters were established on State Street. He soon reduced to order the chaotic condition in which he found the paroled men, and by September 30 had officered three regiments of them which he assigned to a camp of their own northwest of Camp Thomas. To this rendezvous, under the command of General James Cooper, was given the name of Camp Lew Wallace. An additional body of 117 paroled men arrived from Munfordsville, Kentucky, September 25. Among the captured at Munfordsville was a company of the Eighteenth Regulars, which returned about this time to Camp Thomas. One hundred paroled men of the Seventyfirst Ohio arrived September 29. The last of the paroled prisoners at Camp Chase were transferred to Camp Wallace October 13. A few days after this Hon. Peter Hitchcock, who was commissioner of political prisoners at Camp Chase, resigned the position, and was succeeded by Hon. Samuel Galloway. General Lew Wallace was ordered to Tennessee from his post at Columbus October 31. Incidental to an arrest in the city of a large number of deserters from the paroled regiments during this month complaint was made that the deserters were hauled to the guardhouse in wagons, while their guards were obliged to trudge along on foot. The following incident at Camp Wallace is recorded under date of November 3: Some men of the Ninetyfifth Ohio having refused to go on duty they were arrested and put in the guardhouse, whereupon their comrades destroyed the guardhouse and released the captives. To suppress this revolt the regulars were summoned from Camp Thomas, but before their arrival the mob work was executed. 6 A court martial for investigation and punishment of this disturbance was ordered by General Wallace. The Ohio State Journal of November 5 said: " Of 3,723 paroled prisoners in camp here, 1,586 are gone — have deserted." On November 4 General Wallace left Columbus to report to General. Grant at Corinth. On the following day fifty paroled men from regiments serving in Kentucky arrived. They were in a very destitute condition. The paroled Union soldiers captured at Perryville, Kentucky, and those disgracefully surrendered at Hartsville, Tennessee, arrived at Camp Wallace about the middle of December. On the sixteenth of that month 245 paroled men were sent from the camp to rejoin their regiments in the South and West. Towards the end of December Camp Wallace was discontinued, and the paroled men remaining there were transferred to Camp Chase. About the middle of March the command at Camp Chase devolved upon Colonel Granville Moody, of the Seventy-fourth Ohio. From the same regiment Major Ballard was appointed to supervise the police of the camp, and Lieutenant William Armstrong was detailed as Post Adjutant. Sergeant-Major Rogers, of the Seventy-sixth Ohio, was appointed Sergeant-Major of the Post. Colonel Moody continued in command until June 25, when he was relieved at his own request and went to the field. His successor was Colonel C. W. B. Allison, of the II. - IN WARTIME-1862 - 119 Eighty-fifth, who was at a later date, succeeded by Major Peter Zinn, of the same regiment. On December 26 Major Zinn resigned in order to resume his duties as a member of the General Assembly from Hamilton County. In March the camp was visited in behalf of the Tennessee prisoners by Doctor Hoyt, a prominent physician of Nashville, who was duly authorized for the purpose by General Halleck. Doctor Hoyt was permitted to be the custodian of about 250 letters from the prisoners to their families. Early in April Major Jones, an officer of the United States Army, was sent out to investigate certain charges as to maladministration at the camp prison. Major Jones is reported to have declared that he found the prison in as good condition, in all respects, as any of its kind in the Union. Owing to the extensive arrivals of captives, orders for enlargement of the prison were issued in February, and executed during that month and March. The enlargement included sixty-four huts, each to accommodate twenty men; and all enclosed by a close board fence fourteen feet high. The entire enclosure was about 750 feet long and 300 feet wide. A unique flagraising took place at the camp June 7. The pole for the flag, elevated in two sections, rose to a height of 150 feet. The ceremony was opened with prayer by Bishop Bedell, after which the flag was drawn up by Hon. William Dennison and addresses were delivered by Governor Tod, ex-Governor Dennison, Colonel Moody, N. A. Gray and Samuel Galloway. Colonel Moody, in the course of his remarks, proposed the following, which was ratified with enthusiastic shouts : "In the name of Ged, And Governor Tod, We'll fellow eur flag to Dixie." All furloughed soldiers being ordered to rendezvous at the camp, large numbers of them began to arrive early in July. Their ingathering was thus chronicled : After the arrival of nearly every train numbers of the poor fellows are seen limping upon crutches and leaning upon canes for support, passing through our streets. Many of these men, and more especially the privates, have been compelled to borrow money to come here. . . . The camp is four miles from the city, and many are unable to walk there, and there is no provision made to carry them out. In March it was rumored that there were over seventy negro slaves in Camp Chase, brought there as servants to Confederate captives. The rumor was immediately investigated by a special committee of the State Senate, and was in part verified. The committee found in the prison department seventyfour negroes, about fifty of whom were slaves, the remainder free. They had accompanied the Confederate officers brought from Fort Donelson. The committee concluded its report by recommending the adoption of a resolution severely condemning their detention in the prison. Of an alarm in the camp we have the following account under 120 – HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. A scene occurred at Camp Chase at an early hour Sunday morning. .. A sentinel on guard at one of the prisons discovered what he thought to be a rebel attempting to make his escape and fired. The alarm spread to other sentinels who also fired. This aroused the camp—the long roll was beaten and soon the air resounded with the calls of the orderlies to " fall in," and the men responded with commendable alacrity. . . . They presented a rather ludicrous appearance as they crawled out in every conceivable condition, some with coats on and some with them off ; here one with one boot on, and there one without. They certainly beat anything Falstaff or Humphrey Marshall ever headed. . . . The alarm, however, was soon over and no " Southern gentleman " was found outside of the prison. It was found also that the sentinel, like Pat Flannigan, did not know what end of the gun to shoot with, as the ball passed through the quarters of the Sixtyninth in close proximity to the occupants of some of the bunks. The camp was relieved of about eleven hundred prisoners sent South for exchange on August 26. Their destination was Vicksburg. In November there were unoccupied tents and " shanties" enough in the camp to accommodate three thousand men. Among those who died on the field of honor, whose bodies were brought home during the year was M. J. Gibbons, of Captain Lilley's company of the Forty-sixth, who was killed at Pittsburgh Landing. His remains arrived May 17. The body of Lieutenant Joseph A. Stewart, also of the Fortysixth, who died of an accidental patrol shot after the battle of Pittsburgh Landing, was buried at Columbus May 25. Adjutant C. G. Heyl, of the Ninety-fifth was buried from Trinity Church October 20. The remains of Colonel Julius P. Garesche, killed at Stone River while serving on the staff of General Rosecrans, passed Columbus for Washington January 14, 1863. For the Ladies' Aid Society, auxiliary to the National Society at Washington, the year was a very busy and useful one. Its annual report, published in November, contained the following passages : The cutting room has been open every day during the year, and the committee appointed to cut and supervise have been present to give out work and receive donations. Wednesday of each week was set apart for a general meeting in the main room, to which ladies of all denominations were invited, and where with sewing machines and concerted action, much has been accomplished and the interests of the Society kept before the public. This has been a very pleasant feature of the Society, and in all times of particular need the room has been filled with cheerful workers. . .. The different committees, which were systematically organized here, harmoniously worked together. An Executive Committee of competent ladies were appointed to superintend the general interests of the Society; the different subcommittees for purchasing goods, devising ways and means, cutting, packing and hospital visiting, performing a part and acting through the Executive Committee, to which all results are reported the third Thursday of each month, at the regular business meeting of the Society. We are glad to say we have never had a call upon our stores without being able, if not entirely to fill the order, to do much towards it ; or called upon our citizens, no matter how repeatedly, without a liberal response both in money and in donations, and although the work immediately connected with the Society has been done by a few, there is scarcely a household, however humble, that has not sent its offering or shown in some way their sympathy and cooperation. date of April 9: II. - IN WARTIME - 1862 - 121 We have had thirty-six auxiliary societies connected with us who have sent us in all 118 boxes; these have been gratefully received and sent with our own trusty agents, and while we sincerely thank them we ask for a continuance of their good works with us in the following year. We also extend the same greeting to the patriotic ladies of Jackson and Franklin Townships, of Grove City, Washington and Westerville, who have assisted us in making hospital garments. . . . At the annual meeting held Wednesday, October 22, the following officers were elected for the ensuing year : President, Mrs. W. E. Ide ; vice presidents, Mrs. Peter Camphell, Miss Aldrich; recording secretary, Miss Kate Meyers ; corresponding secretary, Mrs. George Heyl ; treasurer, Mrs. E. T. Morgan • executive committee, Mrs. Henry C. Noble, chairman, Mrs. George M. Parsons, Mrs. Lewis Heyl, Mrs. Albert Battles, Mrs. James Osborn, Mrs. Captain G. Smith, Mrs. William G. Deshler Mrs. Doctor Little, Mrs. Isaac Aston, Mrs. Kate Smith, Mrs. Haver, Mrs. Beebe, Miss Louise Stone, Miss Charlotte Tod, Miss Lizzie Thompson, Miss Belle Woods, Miss Effie Moodie, Miss Julia Gill, Miss Phebe Brooks, Miss Jennie Doolittle, Miss Mary Awl, Miss Jennie Andrews, Miss Kate Kelley, Miss Charlotte Chittenden, Miss Mary Doherty. Hospital committee, Mrs. Edmiston, Mrs. Osborn, Mrs. Morgan, Mrs. Haver, Mrs. J. S. Hall, Mrs. Chauncey Olds. Packing committee, Mrs. George Heyl, Miss Phebe Brooks. Marking committee, Miss Mary Doherty, Miss Kate Kelley. 9 Among the curious events of the year were the false reports which from time to time agitated the public mind at Columbus and elsewhere. A few illustrations of these may be given. A report that the city of Savannah had been taken by the Union forces was given currency in February. On March 3 street rumors were rife that General McClellan had been assassinated, that Baltimore had been captured by the Confederates, and that General Banks had been (as a few weeks later he actually was) driven out of Virginia. A report that Richmond was being evacuated was in circulation May 25. The death of Stonewall Jackson was asserted for a positive fact in July. This news was even said to be " confirmed." On August 2, it was stated with a great deal of confidence and amplificatory comment that General McDowell had been shot in Virginia by General Sigel. Another curious phenomenon of the time was the extravagant newspaper puffery and sustained clamor for the promotion of certain officers whose services had never as yet brought them within even long range of the enemy. The desire to promote those who were gallantly serving in the field by no means found any such conspicuous and labored manifestation. In the sphere of local military organization and government some events took place which are worthy of mention. In April the home company of the Vedettes organized themselves into a relief association, of which the object was declared to be "to lend aid and assistance to those who have been or may now be members of this company and other military organizations of this city," and " to pay due respect and honor to the deceased who may have fallen on the battlefield." On April 20 the company served as an escort to the remains of Lewis A. White, of the Fortysixth Ohio, who had died at Pittsburgh Landing. In May and early June the Vedettes performed temporary service in guarding prisoners at Camp Chase. At the organization of the Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry (three-months) the home Fencibles wore assigned thereto as Company A. The Columbus Cadets who had 122 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. been performing guard duty at Camp Chase were discharged from that service June 3. In early September quite a number of prominent citizens habitually met for evening military drill on the East Terrace of the Capitol. Apropos to this, Messrs. A. B. Buttles, William A. Platt, A. W. Ayres, C. P. L. Butler, William G. Deshler, A. S. Glenn and Isaac Aston were named as a committee to secure rooms suitable for the daily military instruction and exercise of " all persons who might see fit to attend." By a War Department order of June 6, Captain Albert B. Dod, of the Fifteenth United States Infantry, then a mustering officer at Columbus, was appointed military commander of the city and vicinity and proceeded to organize a Provost Guard for the capital, the strength of which, as reported in September, was 110 men. Occasional complaints were made of the conduct of indiscreet members of this Guard, but on the whole its services were undoubtedly necessary and useful. Among the duties required of it was that of compelling men in uniforms who were strolling in the streets to show their passes and furloughs. Another service is thus recorded under date of November 1 : " The Provost Guard is clearing the streets of drunken and disorderly soldiers. There seems to be a constant supply of straggling soldiers who live on the bread and water of the guardhouse and the bad whiskey of our doggeries alternately.'"̊ It was certainly a good thing to have they city cleared of such, and if the army could also have been cleared of them the public service would not thereby have suffered. In February, a large quantity of shells and roundshot, cast at Cincinnati, was received at the State Arsenal. These missiles were intended to be prepared for use at the State Laboratory, of which we have the following account :" No. 1, West Gay Street, is an interesting room. The Laboratory for the manufacture of cartridges is located there. The number of hands employed in the room is one hundred. Except the foreman, Mr. Howard, and his assistant, the employes are all females. The average daily product of the establishment in connection with the powderfilling branch over the river is 100,000 cartridges. A day's work for one of the hands is established at 900 rounds. This, however, is often exceeded, some of the girls making the astonishing number of 2,000 in a single day. For overwork they receive stipulated wages. The preparation of the cartridge is simple, though somewhat interesting. The balls are shipped from Cincinnati in boxes of sawdust. They are turned out into a coarse sieve and separated for use. Several little girls at the huge heap are employed in "setting" them. This consists in placing side by side a given number — about three dozen — on an iron plate something like a candlestick. This plate is then dipped into a vessel of melted tallow for the purpose of lubricating. These plates, when the tallow cools, are placed on long tables at which the regular hands worked. A ball [bullet] is placed against the end of a round stick or rule just equal to it in diameter. It is held there with the left hand while with the right the paper wrappers are rolled around the ball and a portion of the rule. Next the stick is removed, the paper that surrounded it is doubled down and tied with a cord twice around. This is the difficult part of the work to do and with speed. Thus " bagged," and with one end open, the papers are set in boxes to be forwarded to the next room for the charge of powder. The powder is rapidly filled into them from charges or measures. This done, a little folding of the outer bag completes the work save the packing in boxes for II. - IN WARTIME-1862 - 123 The average number of persons daily employed by the Laboratory during the year was 156 ; its total product for the twelve months Consisted of 16,757,500 cartridges for small arms and 12,077 for artillery. On one of the Sundays in May a requisition was made on Quartermaster-General Wright for 900,000 musket cartridges for Pittsburgh Landing, and hefore the day had expired they were on their way to their destination. A call for a million rounds more for the same destination was received next day (Monday), and by nine o'clock the same evening the entire consignment was loaded for shipment. These two orders filled fifteen freightcars. Ten thousand Enfield rifles for the new regiments were received in June. A full battery of sixpounder brass field pieces was forwarded by General Wright to General Cox in June. A large quantity of arms and ordnance stores for infantry and cavalry was shipped to Cincinnati in July. Further extensive shipments of like character. were made in August, on the thirteenth of which 10,000 Austrian rifles were received for temporary use in the camps. J. M. Connell and William Hayden are spoken of in this month as having made some improvement in their new shell." A trial of this shell, in the presence of many ladies and gentlemen, at a point about two miles from the city, is mentioned in December. On November 1 Bigelow Chapel, on Friend Street, was rented by General Wright for use as an armory. About the eighteenth of March a letter was received in Columbus, from Hon. S. S. Cox, then representing the Twelfth District in Congress, referring to a bill which had been introduced in that body appropriating half million dollars for the establishment of a National Armory and Arsenal at the capital of Ohio. Mr. Cox suggested that the people of Columbus show their interest in this matter by a " demonstration," and accordingly a public meeting was held March 28. This meeting choose Samuel Galloway as chairman, named A. B. Battles as secretary, and selected a committee on resolutions, a committee of ten to collect and an expense fund, and an executive committee of five persons, namely : William Dennison, J. R. Swan, B. F. Martin, W. E. Ide, and Matthias Martin. The following persons were named as delegates to 'go to Washington to push the interests of Columbus : William B. Hubbard, Samuel Galloway, William G. Deshler, William Denni son, Walstein Failing, John S. Hall, J. H. Geiger, and Peter Ambos. This delegation was reinforced by A. B. Buttles, Horace Wilson, Luther Donaldson, and C. P. L. Butler, representing the City Council. The bill to which Mr. Cox had called attention had been introduced by Representative Baker, of New York, and was intended to provide for the location of several armories and arsenals, one of them at Columbus. On arriving in Washington the Columbus delegates found that this bill had no particular support, whereupon they went before a select committee of the Senate on the location of armories and arsenals, and presented to that committee the claims of their city. As a result of this effort Senator Grimes, of Iowa, chairman of the committee, introduced a bill which passed both houses, providing for the location of several arsenals, one of them at Columbus." General C. P. Buckingham was charged with the selection of sites for these arsenals, and on October 9 invited offers of grounds for the one assigned to the capital of Ohio. This resulted in the tender and acceptance of a tract of about eighty acres belong-to Robert Neil. Announcement of this was made December 5. 124 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. NOTES. 1. Letter to the Ohio State Journal of April 21, 1862. 2. Ohio State Journal, July 16, 1862. 3. Ohio State Journal, September 17, 1862. 4. Ohio State Journal, December 15, 1862. 5. Son of John W. Forney, the famous Philadelphia editor. 6. Ohio State Journal, November 3, 1862. 7. Ohio State Journal, July 3. 8. Ohio State Journal. 9. The following correspondence illustrates the Society's werk : " POST HOSPITAL, June 23, 1862. " MRS. IDE : I have asked Captain Kerr, our Post Quartermaster, to purchase for hospital use material sufficient to make 150 sheets and 50 towels. Will the ladies of the Aid Society be so kind as te put the said material into shape for use ? " Yours truly, "L. C. BROWN, "[Post Surgeon at Camp Chase]. " We hope the ladies will respond willingly to this call and manifest the right spirit by punctual attendance at the rooms today (Wednesday). Sewing machines are already engaged, and will be on hand at an early hour. " By erder ef the President, " MRS. W. E. IDE. " MISS SULLIVANT, Secretary. " COLUMBUS, June 23, 1862. "MRS. W. E. IDE, Madam: It is my duty again, through you, to thank the Ladies' Aid Society for their very liberal donatien of this date, consisting of twentynine boxes of hospital supplies. These were sent this morning to Cumberland, Md., where they are greatly needed, the hospital at that point since the late battle being very full. To the patriotic ladies of Celumbus I convey the gratitude of the suffering. " Very respectfully yours, " GEORGE B. WRIGHT, " Quartermaster-General of Ohio." 10. Ohio State Journal. 11. Ohio State Journal, November 24. 12. The bill thus provided : 1. That there shall be and hereby is established a national arsenal at Columbus in the State of Ohio, at Indianapolis in the State of Indiana, and at Rock Island in the State of Illinois, fer the deposit and repair of arms and other munitions of war. 2. That for the purpose of carrying this act into effect the sum of one hundred dollars for each arsenal named in the preceding section is hereby appropriated. In this form the bill reached and was passed by the House July 8.