350 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. On January 11, 1851, the printers of Columbus met at the American House, and organized a " Union Society." Resolutions were adopted condemning the introduction of printing as one of the industries of the Ohio Penitentiary, and resenting insinuations made in the Ohio Senate that Columbus printers , were "robbers of the treasury.'' The Columbus Typographical Union met on February 5, 1851, at the Mechanics' Hall. On February 9 the Union was addressed by Professor Mather at the United States Courthouse. On March 23, 1853, a meeting of Columbus carpenters was held at the City Hall, J. H. Cole presiding. The resolutions adopted by these carpenters " demand and insist upon " an increase of twentyfive cents per day in wages to enable them " to support the rapidly increasing expenses of living." The journeymen tinners of the city struck for higher wages in August, 1853, and the " bosses " are said to have acquiesced in their demandsi On February 27, 1854, the " planemakers " employed by the Ohio Tool Company marched through the city with music and banners during the day, and held a meeting in the evening. The demonstration grew out of some disagreement with the company. In July, 1854, the stonecutters of the city struck for an increase of wages to two dollars per day. We hear of no more labor trouble in the city prior to the financial crisis of 1857, during the continuance of which industrial distress became general. On July 14, 1853, a trial of mowing and reaping machines took place in the Sullivant meadows, west of Franklinton. The trial was at that time a great novelty, and awakened general interest. On December 7, 1853, the State Agricultural Society held its eighth annual meeting at the Odeon. New members were chosen, and a resolution was adopted to memorialize Congress for a donation of 200,000 acres of land to endow an agricultural college in each State. In 18b4 the State Fair was held on the grounds occupied by the works of the mound-builders, at Newark. In the same year W. S. Sullivant planted a cornfield of twelve hundred acres "adjoining the town of Franklinton." The Franklin County Fair of 1854 was held in September. A competition in horsemanship by ladies was its most conspicuous feature. Five ladies contested for the prizes, which were a sidesaddle, a set of silver spoons, a gold pencil, and a discretionary premiums of ten dollars. The chairman of the awarding committee was John Gi Breslin. On December 6, same year, the State Agricultural Society held its annual meeting at the Odeon. A majority of the committee on permanent location of the State Fair reported adversely, and a resolution was adopted declaring that such location would, at present, be inexpedient. Competition in stock and agricultural implements was invited for the next fair, regardless of State boundaries, and the State School Commissioner was requested to consider the propriety of introducing agriculture as a study for advanced scholars in the common schools of Ohio. A National Department of Agriculture was favored. A resolution endorsing the agricultural college at Oberlin, of which lion. N. S. Townshend was President, was offered, but in lieu of it the society adopted a resolution petitioning Congress for a grant of 200,000 acres of land for the permanent endowment of such schools. A joint evening meeting of the agricultural and pomological conventions was held. A premium of $25 was awarded to 351 - INDUSTRIAL EVENTS. W. H. Ladd, of Jefferson County, on fourteen Silesian sheep, which he had imported direct from Silesia. This importation was considered very important to the woolgrowing interests of the State. Messrs. M. L. and Joseph Sullivant were engaged this year in preparing for extensive farming enterprises in Illinois. The State Fair of 1855 was held September 18-21 on the grounds previously occupied for the purpose, near Franklinton. The attendance was very large ; that of September 20 was estimated at 25,000. Among the novel features of the exhibition was a contest in equestrianism by ladies, of whom eight entered the lists A " brigade " of ponies with uniformed boy riders seems to have given much amusement. At the close of the exhibition the premium livestock was marched and countermarched around the ring, with music. Premiums to the amount of $7,000 were awarded. An address was delivered at the Floral Hall by Professor Kennicott. The grounds on which the fair was held were the scene of General Harrison's conference with the Indians on June 25, 1813. The precise spot at which this conference took place is supposed to be marked by a tree yet standing. An illustration of this tree, as the " Harrison Elm " will be found on page 247 of Volume One of this work. The Franklin County Fair of 1855 closed September 14 with a fine display of equestrianism by lady competitors. 7 On January 15, 1856, the State Board of Agriculture met in Columbus and decided to hold the next State Fair at Cleveland. On December 4 of the same year the Board held its annual meeting at the Columbian Hall. During its sittings a contemporary meeting of citizens of Columbus appointed a committee to inform the Board that the city would offer liberal inducements for the permanent location of the fair, but this effort was not successful. The Board once more decided against permanent location. In 1857, the year of the financial crisis, a great many mechanics of the city were out of employment. The reason assigned for this was that no money could be had to pay the workmen for their labor. The State Fair of 1858 was held at Sandusky. The Franklin County Fair took place in September. The State Board of Agriculture met in Columbus December 9 and was unsuccessfully importuned by a committee of the City Council to permanently locate the State Fair at the capital. The fair of 1859 was held at Zanesville. The annual report of the Franklin County Agricultural Society, presented at its annual meeting on May 7, 1859, recommended the purchase of four additional acres of ground. On February 2, 1859, the journeyman cord wainers of Columbus held a meeting to protest against Penitentiary contracts for the manufacture of boots and shoes. A convention of sugargrowers, at which some specimens of sorghum were exhibited, was held in the city November 12. The journeyman tailors met at Wenger's Hall December 3 " to take into consideration the present depression of wages." The Ohio Pomological Society assembled at the Atheneum Reading Room in the Deshler Building, December 8 Officers were chosen, and fruits were exhibited. The State Board of Agriculture held its annual meeting beginning at Secretary Klippart's office December 6. Subsequent ses sions were held in the Armory and the Senate Chamber. Mr. McMillan, of Greene County, offered a resolution declaring that immediate steps should be taken 352 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUSi for permanent location of the State Fair at some central point. Mr. Williams, of Butler, opposed this, saying the failure of the fair during the last two years had been owing to financial stringency and unfavorable weather. T. C. Jones, of Delaware, thought the failure was due to other causes, and if the fair was to be located permanently was opposed to placing it at Columbus. A substitute was adopted providing for location at one place for two consecutive years. 1860.—The State Fair of this year was held at Dayton. The Franklin County Fair was held during the first week in September. An equestrian contest took place in which nine ladies competed for the prizes. The general prize was won by Miss Grubs. The display of fruits, vegetables and manufactures was meagre, and the absence of cheerful amusements was complained of. 1861.—The Typographical Union signalized the anniversary of Franklin's birth, January 17, by holding a banquet at the Ambos Hall. Samuel Medary presided. The toasts and speeches were numerous. A meeting of sorghum growers IA as held at Gill & Sons' Agricultural Hall January 7. William B. Hubbard, of Columbus, was chosen President of the United States Agricultural Society. The State Fair was held at Dayton September 13-17. The Franklin County Fair began September 3. 1862.—The State Board of Agriculture met in Columbus January 8, and decided to hold the next State Fair at Cleveland. Typographical Union Number 5 met June 7 and elected officers. The County Fair began September 9. Its receipts were $1,293.14; the expenses of the society from January 1, 1862, to January 1, 1863, were, $2,207.02. 1863.—The State Board of Agriculture met in Columbus January 7. Its Secretary, Ji H. Klippart, was delegated to visit an international exposition at Hamburg, Germany, the ensuing June. The Franklin County Fair began September 8 ; the State Fair September 15. 1864.—A meeting of woolgrowers was held in the Senate Chamber January 5, S. D. Harris presiding. The State Board of Agriculture met in Columbus January 6. A resolution was adopted asking the General Assembly to raise the appropriation for the support of the office of the Board to $3,000. A resolution offered by Mr. Stevens, of Hardin County, providing that subsequent State fairs should be held at Columbus was rejected. A State convention of sorghumgrowers was held in the city January 5. The State Fair was held in September at Stewart's Grove, south of the city. The County Fair began October 4. 1865.—A meeting of woolgrowers was held in the Senate Chamber January 3; one of sorghumgrowers was held January 4. The State Board of Agriculture met January 6. The State Fair was held at Stewart's Grove, beginning September 12. The County Fair began September 5. A meeting of Columbus trades unions held at the City Hall November 28, adopted resolutions favoring a reduction of working hours to eight per day. An ordinance of the City Council fixing the rate of hackfare at twentyfive cents per passenger for day, and fifty cents for night service, was disregarded by the hackmen, who were thereupon arrested and fined. The hackmen resented this by a socalled strike, during the continuance of which they denied the use of their hacks to the public. INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 353 1866.—A State meeting of woolgrowers was held January 2. An association of Franklin County woolgrowers was organized at the Capitol April 28. This association met June 9 and appointed a committee to report on the feasibility of erecting in Columbus a building suitable for a permanent woolgrowing agency. At a subsequent meeting held July 28 it was decided to orgnize a joint stock company, with a capital of $10,000, ".to be used exclusively in protection of the woolgrowers' interests by maintaining a value to wool corresponding with eastern quotations." The State Board of Agriculture held its usual session in January. At a meeting of trades unions held at Naughton Hall January 25, an Eight Hour League was organized. The Carpenters' and Joiners' Union held it first annual ball at Naughton Hall February 22. The journeyman tailors of the city struck against an alleged reduction of wages early in January. A Clerks' Association was organized in August. The State Fair was held at Dayton. The County Fair began September 11. The Cigarmakers' Protective Union gave its first ball December 31. 1867.—A State convention of woolgrowers was held January 8. The Franklin County Woolgrowers' Association held its first annual meeting April 27. A festival in honor of Franklin was held by the Typographical Union January 19. The State Agricultural Convention was held January 9-11. The committee on location of the State Agricultural College reported that the lands donated for the college had all been sold at an average of fifty-three cents per acre. The Franklin County Fair was held on the grounds of the society, east of the city, beginning September 10. 1868.—The State Woolgrowers' Association met in the Senate Chamber January 8. The State Board of Agriculture met in its rooms in the Capitol January 9. A Franklin County Farmers' Club was organized January 25. The ease of the Franklin County Agricultural Society vs. the County Commissioners, was decided September 29. The decision vested the society with the control of money raised by taxation for the improvement of its grounds. A convention of railway conductors was held at the Goodale House, December 15 and a Grand Division of the Brotherhood of Railway Conductors was organizedi 1869. — The State Board of Agriculture met in the Senate Chamber January 6. The Ohio Woolgrowers' Association had met at the same place the day before. A Bricklayers' Union was organized January 8. The Columbus Arbeiter Verein organized June 26. The Franklin County Fair began September 7; the State Fair was held at Toledo during the same month. The Railway Conductors' Association of the United States held its second annual convention October 20, at the Ambos 1870. — The Ohio Woolgrowers' Association met in the Senate Chamber January 4; the State Board of Agriculture held its annual session at the same place January 5. The Northwestern Flax Association met in Columbus January 26. A horse fair, under the direction of the Franklin County Agricultural Society began June 15. The State Fair was held at Dayton. A committee was appointed by the Franklin County Agricultural Society to secure permanent location of the 23* 354 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. State Fair at Columbus. The members of this committee were, David Taylor, Walter Brown, C. P. Landon, Baldwin Gwynne, L. A. Bowers and John M. Pugh. The Society's Board of Managers decided July 2, to buy twentyfive additional acres for the enlargement of its grounds. A strike of the Stonecutters' Union took place June 21, causing a suspension of work on the Cathedral and other buildings. 1871. — The Ohio Woolgrowers' Association met January 3 The State Board of Agriculture began its annual session in the Senate Chamber January 4. The State Fair was held in September at Springfield. The Franklin County Fair began September 3. A trades union was organized at the City Hall January 27. 1872..— The State Board of Agriculture met at its rooms in the Capitol January 2. A paper on the Relation of Geology to Agriculture was read by Professor Orton. A resolution locating the State Fair permanently at Columbus was lost by a vote of 25 to 28. Trustees for the State Agricultural College were elected. The State Fair was held at Mansfield. The Franklin County Fair was held in September. 1873. — The Ohio Woolgrowers' Association met at the Capitol January 8. The State Board of Agriculture met in the Senate Chamber on the same date. The order of United American Mechanics held a parade in the city February 22. Delegations were present from Springfield, Delaware and other neighboring towns. The State Fair was held at Mansfield. The County Fair took place in September. A strike of locomotive engineers on the Panhandle lines occurred in December. 1874. — The State Board of Agriculture met in the Senate Chamber January 7. A resolution was adopted favoring the location of the State Fair at some large city for a term of five years. A bill introduced in the House of Representatives by Mr. Heitman passed the General Assembly and became a law February 10, authorizing the Commissioners of Franklin County to levy a tax to pay for improvement of the grounds of the. Franklin County Agricultural Society and to discharge its debts for land purchased. The State Board reconvened in Columbus February 17, to hear proposals for location of the State Fair. Decision was made in favor of Columbus for the term of five years, the vote standing seven for Columbus to three for Dayton. An Industrial League was organized in May. The Franklin County Patrons of Husbandry held their first annual picnic at the Fair Grounds June 13. There were at that time about twenty granges in the county, with from fifty to sixty members each. The State Fair was -held at the County Fair Grounds early in Septemberi The County Fair was held in the first week of October. In December of this year the city was crowded with idle workmen and measures of public relief for the unemployed were taken. 1875 — Conventions .of woolgrowers and breeders of shorthorn cattle were held early in January. The State Board of Agriculture met January 6. The State Grange and Patrons of Husbandry held secret sittings in Columbus March 10-12. The Franklin County Patrons of Husbandry held their annual picnic on the Fair Grounds June 22. The Shorthorn Breeders' Association met in annual session at the same place September 7. The Columbus Centennial Association was organized October 20 at the First Congregational Church. Mrs. W. E. Ide was chosen President, Miss Mary G. Olds Secretary. The State Pair began September 7. A INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 355 meeting in behalf of organizing an exhibit at the Philadelphia Centennial was held at the Board of Trade Room October 2. A committee to canvass for exhibits was appointed. 1876. — The woolgrowers', sheep breeders' and shorthorn breeders' associations met January 4. The State Board of Agriculture began its annual session January 6. The State Fair took place on the County Fair Grounds. September 4-8. The State Horticultural Society met at the Board of Trade Room September 6. A German Harvest Festival, accompanied by a street parade, was held at the Fair Grounds October 4. 1877. — Woolgrowers and breeders of sheep and shorthorns held their usual January meetings. The State Board of Agriculture convened in the Senate Chamber January 3. The Board held a second meeting at the Capitol June 5, and decided, six to four, to hold the next State Fair at Columbus. A great strike of railway employes took place in July. On the nineteenth of that month the sheriff of Licking County reported to Governor Young that striking firemen and brakemen on the Baltimore & Ohio Railway refused to permit trains to depart from Newark, and asked for the assistance of the State militia. The Governor immediately ordered four companies of the National. Guard to Newark. On July 23 riotous strikers destroyed a large amount of property at Pittsburgh. Up to this time all had been quiet at Columbus, but on Sunday afternoon, July 22, an assembly of firemen and brakemen of the Panhandle line was held in Goodale Park and resolved that no more freight trains should leave the yard, until former wages were restoredi No trains arrived at the Union Station during the night of July 22. Efforts to take out two or three trains were thwarted by strikers. The railway freight traffic was at this time generally embargoed throughout the country. The passenger business was also greatly disturbed. Chicago, Louisville, Cincinnati, Zanesville, St. Louis, Albany and other cities were visited by mob rule and riotous proceedings. At Columbus July 28, Mayor Heitman, supported by the police, endeavored to protect the movement of trains, but all such efforts were ineffectual. On Sunday, July 29, the Police Commissioners authorized the appointment of one thousand uniformed special policemen for the preservation of peace and the protection of property. A large number of these were on duty the following night. They were aided by the Columbus Cadets. On July 30 the movement of freight trains on the P. C. & St. L. line was prevented by a mob, which also dictated the terms on which passenger trains might go out. The Little Miami trains were allowed to run without hindrance. The police force being inadequate to prevent the interference of strikers, with the use of railway property, the Governor was appealed to for military assistance, and immediately ordered out twentythree companies of the National Guard. This vigorous action had a most wholesome effect ; on August 1 many trains were sent out under protection of the military, and the rule of the mob was practically broken at Columbus, as it had already been at most other cities where it had prevailed. The Union Station was still kept under guard for a day or two, but by August 4 all disturbance had ceased, and most of the troops were ordered home. 356 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. 1878.-Meetings of the woolgrowers' and of the merino sheep and shorthorn cattle breeders' associations were held January 8. The State Board of Agriculture met in the Senate Chamber January 9. On the tenth a Sheep Registry Association met and elected officers. The location of the State Fair at Columbus became this year practically permanent. A meeting of the beekeepers of Central Ohio was held at the Fair Grounds October 16. The Ohio State Grange held its sixth annual meeting at the Senate Chamber December 10. 1879 -Annual meetings of woolgrowers and of sheep, shorthorn cattle and swine breeders took place January 7 and 9. The State Board of Agriculture met January 8. The State and Franklin County boards held a joint session February 26, at which the County Board agreed to pay half the cost of erecting eighty stalls, provided the State Fair should be continued at Columbus for two years. The conditions were complied with, the sum of $4,000 being pledged by the citizens of Columbus. The Stonecutters' Union elected officers January 30. The Ohio Butter and Eggs Association met at the Park Hotel May 14. The Little Miami Railway Beneficial Association met at the Union Station February 26, and elected officers. The State Fair was held during the last days of August. 1880.-Meetings of the shorthorn, sheep and swine breeders, and of the State Board of Agriculture were held January 6 and 7. A State convention of surveyors and engineers took place at the office of the Code Commissioners January 15. A convention of tilemakers was held at the Board of Trade Room February 10. A State convention of miners assembled at the same place July 14. The State Fair began August 31. Riotous demonstrations in connection with a strike in the ,Sunday Creek Valley required the intervention of military force in September. The State Agricultural Society met at the Board of Trade Rooms December 8. The Master Barbers' Union gave a supper to their employes December 13. The Ohio State Grange met in the Senate Chamber December 15. 1881.-The State Board of Agriculture met at the Board of Trade Room January 6. A State Convention of cidermakers was held at the same place March 9. Employes on the High and Long Street Railways struck for an advance from $1.10 to $1.25 in their wages May 9. A State convention of undertakers was held at the Board of Trade Room June 8. 1882.-Meetings of the State Board of Agriculture and the associations of woolgrowers and of swine, shorthorn and Jersey cattle breeders were held January 3. The Ohio Spanish Merino Sheep Breeders' Association was organized at a State meeting of sheepbreeders held at the Board of Trade Room February 22. A State convention of miners was held at the Board of Trade Room April 19. A permanent association was organized. The State Fair began August 28. 1883.-Meetings of woolgrowers were held January 9, March 30 and September 5. The associations of sheep registry, beekeepers, and of swine, Jersey cattle and shorthorn breeders held their annual sittings January 9. The State Board of Agriculture met on the same date. The Ohio Spanish Merino Breeders' Association met at Schneider's Hall January 10. A Farmers' Institute held its sittings January 16 and 17. The Ohio Institute of Mining Engineers met in annual session January 17. The Ohio Society of Surveyors and Civil Engineers was in session INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 357 from January 17 to 19. The Grand Lodge A. 0. U. W. met in the Odd Fellews' Temple, February 14. A State association of wooldealers was organized at the Capitol, April 17. A State convention of miners was held at Union Hall, May 1 and 2. The Capital City Assembly No. 2, 111, Knights of Labor, elected officers at the Union Hall, June 19. Officers of the Columbus Trades Assembly were chosen July 15. A semiannual meeting of the State Cutters' Association was held at the Neil House, July 17. A strike of telegraph operators was inaugurated at noon, July 19. The Mutual Union men all went out, but very few of the Western Union men participated. The Ohio Poultry and Pigeon Breeders' Association met in the I. 0. 0. F. Temple, September 6. Removal of the State Fair to grounds bought for the purpose near the Bee Line Railway, in the northern part of the city, was resolved upon by the State Board of Agriculture. After some hesitation the Franklin County Board acquiesced in this change. 1884.-The State Association of Mining Engineers convened in annual session January 9. The associations of woolgrowers, beekeepers, swine, Jersey cattle and shorthorn breeders, and sheep registry, and the State Board of Agriculture all held their annual meetings during the same month. A state convention of miners was held at Union Hall January 22. The Ohio Tile, Brick and Drainage Association met at the Board of Trade Room January 13. The Ohio Wool Growers' and Buyers, Association held its first annnal meeting at the Capitol April 15. A ditching contest took place at the new State Fair Grounds, beginning May 1. A convention of coal miners was held at Union Hall, June 19. The State Fair was held during the first week in September. A meeting of the State Miners' Association ended September 11. The State Horticultural Society met in the Board of Trade Room, December 3. A Lodge of the United Order of Workingmen was established in Columbus, January 8. A State Trade and Labor Assembly was organized June 24. 1885.-The usual annual meetings of stockbreeders, woolgrowers and beekeepers took place in January. The State Board of Agriculture convened January 14. The Ohio association of mining engineers met on the same date at the office of the State Inspector of Mines. The State association of tilemakers held its sixth annual convention at the Board of Trade Room February 10. The Ohio Trades and Labor Assembly convened at the McCoy Post Hall, February 17. A State convention of miners assembled at Union Hall, May 14, and again November 3. A bricklayers' union was organized April 21. The State Horticultural Society held sittings at the City Hall, September 3 and December 2. The State Fair began August 31. The journeyman plumbers of the city struck December 1, against a cut to $2.55 for 811 hours instead of $3.00 for ten hours. Hon. A. G. Thurman was chosen in December to act as umpire in the troubles between the miners and operators in the Hocking Valley. An interstate convention of miners and operators was held December 12, to arrange a wage schedule. A board of arbitration was appointed. 1886.- The stock and woolgrowers held their usual January meetings. A State association of architects was organized at the Park Hotel January 12. The Ohio surveyors and engineers held their annual meeting on the same date. The 358 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. State Agricultural Convention was held at the Senate Chamber January 13. A delegate convention of the various trade and labor unions and local assemblies was held January 26. A paperhangers' association was organized January 28. The Tilemakers' and Drainage Association met at the Board of Trade Room February 9. A strike of street railway employes took place in March, and one of watchmakers in Aprili A landlords' protective association was organized April 2. The National Board of Arbitration and Conciliation met at Columbus May 1. Strikes of sewer pipe makers and bricklayers occurred in May. Little Miami Division Number 34 of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Franklin Lodge Number 9 of Firemen held a social reunion at the Princess Rink May 6. The National Fruit and Vegetable Growers' Association held its third annual meeting at the Neil House. The Hocking Valley mining troubles were revived in August. The new State Fair grounds were formally dedicated August 31. The Thirty-seventh State Fair — first on the new grounds —began August 31. Columbus Branch Number 9 of the National Association of Stationary Engineers held a meeting at Thurman Hall October 27. The Sixth Annual Congress of the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions of the United States and Canada assembled at Druid Hall December 7. The amalgamation of the trades unions was completed, the united body taking the name of American Federation of Trade and Labor. The Ohio Poultry, Pigeon and Pet Stock Association met at the United States Hotel October 28, and decided to hold an exhibition at the City Hall in January. 1887. — The stockbreeders, woolgrowers, mining engineers and State Board of Agriculture held their usual January meetings. The woolgrowers held subsequent meetings during the year on April 6 and September 2. An interstate convention of miners and operators was held February 8, at the City Hall. The Ohio Tile and Drainage Association met February 8. A Henry George Club met March 28. A Grand Union Meeting of the International Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was held at the Opera House on Sunday, May 29. Welcoming addresses were delivered by Governor J. B. Foraker and Hon. J. H. Outhwaite ; Chief Engineer Peter M. Arthur was spokesman for the Brotherhood. The State Association of Watchmakers and Jewelers held its semiannual meeting at the American House April 27. The State Fair began August 30. The Central Ohio Farmers' Institute held its first autumn meeting at the Board of Trade Room October 20. The Builders' Exchange met at the Board of Trade Room December 28. 1888.— The stockbreeding, beekeeping and woolgrowing associations held their usual January meetings. The State Agricultural Convention began January 10. The Ohio Institute of Mining Engineers held its eighth annual meeting at Lyndon Hall January 12. A Master Painters' and Decorators' Association was organized January 11. The Lather's Union held its semiannual meeting January 13. The Executive Committee of the American Wheelmakers' Association met at the Neil House January 17. The Ohio Coal Operators' Association held a sitting at the same place on the same date. The Miners' Amalgamated Association of Ohio held its seventh annual convention also on January 17. The Ohio INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 359 Tile, Brick and Drainage Association held its annual meeting at the Wells Post Hall February 11. The Ohio Trades and Labor. Assembly met in Columbus February 21. In May the stonecutters of the city struck for a reduction of working hours from ten to nine. A State Association of Ohio Millers was organized at the Neil House June 27. The Carriage Builders' National Association held its sixteenth annual session in Columbus during the earlier part of October. The Brotherhood of Railway Brakemen held its fifth annual convention at the City Hall October 16. A convention of railway employes was held October 23. An Ohio division of the Railway Station Agents' Association was organized at the Neil House December 17. A consolidation of miners' associations was effected by a convention held in Druid Hall, December 5. On September 4, 1888, the Ohio Centennial Exposition at the State Fair grounds was formally opened. By this exposition the one hundredth year of white settlement on the soil of Ohio, begun at Marietta in 1788, was celebrated. Preparations for it begun in 1886. On January 28 of that year a meeting of representatives of the State Archaeological and Historical Society was held at the Capitol, at which the initial steps, so far as Columbus is concerned, were taken. The chairman of this meeting was General S. H. Hurst, its secretary A. A. Graham. A committee, with H. T. Chittenden as chairman, was appointed to prepare resolutions to be presented to the General Assembly, which body, on March 12, 1886, passed a joint resolution in the following terms: WHEREAS, The year 1888 marks the end of the century since the first permanent settlement was made in the State of Ohio ; and whereas, this century has been one of greatest progress in the history of civilization —a progress in which Ohio has taken a leading part ; and whereas it is not only practicable but desirable that the people of Ohio should commemorate in some appropriate manner the close of the first century of our history and the beginning of the second ; therefore, Be it resolved by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio, That the one hundredth anniversary of the first settlement of the State, now among the foremost in rank and importance in the Union, be celebrated during the month of September, in the year 1888, by the holding, at the capital of the State, of an exposition demonstrating the material and educational progress and growth of the State during its first century, said exposition to be held on the grounds of the State used and controlled by the Ohio State Board of Agriculture for State Fair purposes. For the purpose of carrying out the intent of this resolution there is hereby created a Board of Directors consisting of nine members, five of whom shall be appointed by the Ohio State Board of Agriculture, two by the State Archaeological and Historical Society, and one by the Horticultural Society, with the Governor of the State a member and presiding officer of the Board. The Board of Directors shall have the control of all business connected with the preparation and holding of the Centennial Exposition, and shall establish rules and regulations for the government of the various departments connected therewith, making such rules and extending such encouragement with respect to exhibitors, as shall secure intelligent representation in the-departments of education, history, art, science, agriculture, horticulture, live stock, forestry, mechanics, mining, commerce, transportation, merchandise, journalism, domestic manufactures, and all the arts and the industries beneficial to mankind. The Board of Directors shall define the various departments of said exposition, and appoint commissioners in charge of the different departments, who shall conduct the affairs of their respective departments according to the regulations adopted by said Board, and report from time to time to the Board. The Board of Directors shall report to the General Assembly in 1887 the progress made toward 360 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS carrying out the provisions of this resolution, and in 1888 shall make a full and complete report of the exposition. In pursuance of this resolution a Board of Centennial Directors was appointed as follows : By the State Board of Agriculture, L. B. Harris of Wyandot County, W. S. Foster of Champaign, C. D. Baily of Gallia, J. C. Levering of Knox and Henry Talcott of Ashtabula ; by the Archaeological and Historical Society, R. Brinkerhoff of Richland and H. T. Chittendem of Franklin ; by the State Horticultural Society, Samuel H. Hurst of Ross. Governor James B. Foraker was, by the terms of the resolution, exofficio President of this Board, which, on May 5, 1886, elected H. T. Chittenden Vice Chairman, L. B. Harris Treasurer and A. A. Graham Temporary Secretary. In January, 1887, the Board matured and adopted a plan of organization and management which provided for the appointment of a Director-General, one commissioner for each department, a secretary, a treasurer, a manager of transportation, and three centennial commissioners for each county of the State. The classification of the proposed exhibits comprised sixteen departments, viz : History and Archaeology, Science and Education, Fine Arts, Agriculture, Horticulture, Floriculture and Forestry, Live Stock, Mining and Metallurgy, Mechanics and Machinery, Manufactures, Merchandise, Commerce and Transportation, Printing and Journalism, Woman's Work, Public Service and Charities and Entertainments. In pursuance of an additional joint resolution of the General Assembly the States of Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, which, besides Ohio, were embraced in the original Northwest Territory, were invited to participate with her in celebrating this centennial. The States of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia, from which the Northwest Territory had been derived, were also invited to participate. In May, 1887, General Samuel H. Hurst, of Ross County, was appointed Director-General, Li N. Bonham, of Butler, Secretary, and A. A. Graham and James W. Fleming, of Columbus, Assistant Secretaries. The commissioners appointed for the different departments, were, in the order of these departments as above mentioned, as follows: A. A. Graham, Columbus ; Edward Orton, Columbus ; W. S. Goodnough, Columbus; S. H. Ellis, Warren County ; N. H. Albaugh, Montgomery ; H. Haerliss, Hamilton; L. G. Delano, Ross ; B. F. Perry, Ashtabula ; I. D. Smead, Lucas ; J. J. Sullivan, Holmes ; W. M. Bayne, Cuyahoga ; W. D. Hamilton, Athens ; R. B. Brown, Muskingum ; Mrs. D. L. Williams, Delaware ; A. G. Byers, Columbus. The Board asked the General Assembly for an appropriation of $100,000, but received, instead, only $20,000 with permission to bond the State Fair grounds for $50,000 more. These grounds lay two and a half miles north of the Capitol, just outside of the corporation boundary. They comprised an urea of one hundred and seven acres. The cooperation of the people of Columbus in the work of organizing and preparing for the exposition was promptly and liberally given. It was chiefly exerted through and under direction of the Board of Trade, which appointed a Centennial Committee of its members, and on December 7, 1866, named twelve additional committees to canvas for a subscription fund of $100,000 to cover expenses of the Centennial Exposition, and of the Grand Army and militia INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 361 encampments. In behalf of the city of Columbus, the Board pledged a contribution of $25,000 toward the expenses of the exposition, and paid over to the State Board the sum of $23,020 for expenditure in its preliminary work. In addition to the buildings already provided for ordinary use of the State Fair, it was decided to erect ten new ones, to be thus designated : Manufacturers' Hall, Agricultural. Hail, Horticultural Hall, Art Hall, Floral Hall, Hall of Metallurgy, Commerce and Transportation Hall, Printing and Journalism Hall, Woman's Department Building and an Auditorium which afterwards took the name of Coliseum, and, externally domeshaped, had the interior arrangement of an amphitheatre, with seating accommodations for ten thousand people. The opening of the Exposition on September 4 was signalized by a parade of six thousand troops of the Ohio National Guard, then in annual encampment at Camp Sheridan, north of the city. These troops, under Major-General H. A. Axline, were formed in column on Livingston Avenue, whence they marched north on High Street to Broad, turning into which, they passed in review before the grand stand; which had been erected for, and was then awaiting the parade of the Grand Army of the Republic. After the military review, which took place in the forenoon, the formal ceremonies of the opening took place at the Centennial Grounds, in the presence of many thousands of people. One of the most striking features of these ceremonies was a chorus of fourteen hundred children dressed in red, white and blue, and so arranged as to represent the United States flag. A centennial ode sung by the children was composed for the occasion by H. T. Chittenden. The voices were accompanied by the Elgin Band, of Elgin, Illinois. An invocation was offered by Reverend Conrad Mees, of Columbus. The chairman and orator of the occasion was Governor J. B. Foraker, who was presented by Director-General Hurst. An Ohio Centennial Ode was read by its author, Hon. Coates Kinney. This admirable ode, for the whole of which, unfortunately, space cannot here be spared, contained the following striking stanzas relating to the industrial progress of Ohio : In what historic thousand years of man Has there been builded such a State as this? Yet, since the clamor of the axes ran Along the great woods, with the groan and hiss, And crash of trees, to hew thy groundsels here, Ohio ! but a century has gone, And thy republic's building stands the peer Of any that the sun and stars shine on. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * A hundred years of Labor ! Labor free! Our river ran between it and the curse, And freemen proved how toil can glory be. The heroes that Ohio took to nurse, (As the she-wolf the founders of old Rome) Their deeds of fame let history rehearse And oratory celebrate; but see This paradise their hands have made our home ! 362 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Nod, plumes of wheat, wave, banderoles of corn, Toss, orchard oriflammes, swing, wreaths of vine, Shout, happy farms, with voice of sheep and kine, For the old victories conquered here on these The fields of Labor, when, ere we were born, The Fathers fought the armies of the trees, And, chopping out the night, chopt in the morn. A hundred years of Knowledge ! We have mixt More brains with Labor in the century Than man had done since the decree was fixt That Labor was his doom and dignity. All honor to those far-fore-working men Who, as they stooped their sickles in to fling, Or took the wheat upon their cradle's swing, Thought of the boy, the little citizen, There gathering sheaves, and planned the school for him, Which should wind up the clock-work of his mind To cunning moves of wheels, and blades that skim Across the field, and reap and rake and bind. They planned the school— the woods were full of schools! Our learning has not soared, but it has spread ; Ohio's intellects are sharpened tools To deal with daily facts, and daily bread. The starry peaks of Knowledge in thin air Her culture has not climbed, but on the plain, In whatsoever is to do or dare With mind or matter, there behold her reign. The axemen who chopt out the clearing here, Where stands the Capitol, could they today Arise and see our hundred years' display — Steam wagons, in their thundering career — Wires that a friend's voice waft across a State, And wires that wink a thought across the sea, And wires wherein imprisoned lightnings wait To leap forth at the turning of a key — Could they these shows of mind in matter note, Machines that almost conscious souls confess, Seeming to will and think— the printing press. Not quite intelligent to vote — Could they arise these marvels to behold, What would to them the past Republic seem - The state historified in volumes old, Or prophesied in Grecian Plato's dream ! After the reading of Mr. Kinney's poem, further music and remarks by Director-General Hurst, Mrs. Governor Foraker, by the touching of a spring, turned on the steam which started the wheels of the Exposition. Simultaneously with the pressure of Mrs. Foraker's finger, all the machinery on the grounds began to move, bands of music broke into joyous strains, the people responded with enthusiastic shouts, and the children's chorus sang the national anthem " Amer- INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 363 ica." The President of the Day then declared the Exposition duly opened, Rev. Dr. W. E. Moore pronounced a benediction, and the audience dispersed. On September 5, which was called Welcoming Day, Ex-President R. B. Hayes presided, and an address, preceded by music andan invocation by Rev. Dr. Joseph M. Trimble, was delivered by General William H. Gibson. After General Gibson's, further addresses were delivered, in the order named, by Governor Brackett of Massachusetts, Governor Lounsbury of Connecticut, Hon. Frank H. Hurd of Toledo, and Senator L. G. Palmer of Michigan. On September 6, which was called Pioneer Day, Mr. J. E. St. Clair, of Columbus, presided, and after prayer by Rev. Daniel Horlocker, delivered an address of welcome. Mr. St. Clair was followed by Judge W. J. Gilmore, of Columbus, who spoke eloquently of the Ohio pioneers. Rev. Dr J. M. Trimble also delivered au interesting address on pioneer topics. An Old Folks Singing Class, of Bellefontaine, dressed in the costumes of sixty years ago, interspersed the exercises with appropriate music. In the afternoon a poem was read by M. Vi Lawrence of Chillicothe, and a further address was delivered by Judge Taylor, of Chardon, then aged ninety years. Other special days were celebrated during the exposition, in the following succession: 2. Catholic Societies' Day, September 7, 1888. Address by Rt. Rev. Bishop Watterson. 3. Old Army Reunions, September 12. 4. Grand Army Campfire, September .13. Speeches by General W. H. Gibson and others. 5. Patriotic Order of Sons of America, September 17. 6. State Bar Association, September 19. Speeches by Judge Allen G. Thurman and others. 7. Grangers' and Farmers' Day, September 20. Speeches by Col. J. H. Brigham, General S. H. Hurst, Mr. S. H. Ellis and Mr. F. A. Derthick. 8. Knights of Pythias Day, September 21. 9. Emancipation Jubilee Day, September 22. Addresses by Rev. James Poindexter, and Bishop B. W. Arnett. Poem, J. Madison Bell. 10. labor Day, September 24. 11. Methodist Episcopal Church Day, September 25. Addresses by Hon. Mills Gardner, General S. H. Hurst, Doctor Whitlock and General William H. Gibson. 12. Sunday School Day, September 26. 13. School Children's Day, September 27. Elocutionary contest and competitive spelling-school. 14. Ohio Teachers' Day, September 28. Addresses by James H. Fairchild, Oberlin ; Professor W. B. Bodine, Gambier; Hon. John Eaton, Marietta; Doctor N. S. Townshend, State University ; Doctor John Hancock, Chillicothe ; Miss Maria Jaques, Dayton. 15. Commercial Travelers' Day, September 29. 16. Presbyterian Church Day, October 2. Addresses by President S. F. Scoville, Rev. W. E. Moore, Rev. R. C. Galbraith, Rev. G. P. Hays. 17. Grocers' Day, October 3. 18. Odd Fellows' Day, October 4. Speeches by Mayor Bruck, F. R. Gay, of Findlay ; W. S. Bell, Zanesville. 19. Ancient Order of United Workmen, October 5. 20. Columbus flay, October 9. 21. Improved Order of Red Men, October 10. 364 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. 22. Prohibition bay, October 11. Speeches by Ex-Governor Clinton B. Fisk, Rev. M. N. Bennett. 23. Woman's Christian Temperance Union, October 12. Addresses by Miss Susan B. Anthony, Ex-Governor C. B. Fisk, Miss Emma Willard. 24. Locomotive Engineers, Firemen and Switchmen, October 16. 8 NOTES. The following description of this singular triumph of a Columbus mechanic's skill and patience appeared in the Ohio Statesman of May 3, 1842: " The great zodiac will describe a circle of more than forty-eight feet, while Herschel, being thrown off the table, will describe a circle of sixty-six feet. The celestial sphere is about four feet eight inches in diameter, which contains the sun, Mercury, Venus, the earth and the moon. The superior planets are placed upon the outside of the sphere and are to run horizontally at all times, making their regular periodicals around the sun in their regular periods ; also Jupiter, Saturn and Herschel, having their satellites revolving around them in their proper order with their inclinations to the plane of the ecliptic ; also Saturn, with his two concentric rings, with their proper inclinations, retaining at the same time their proper direction. The armillary sphere is a beautiful structure, and is a great addition to the orrery, over and above the first effort of Mr. Russell. This plane sphere contains about five hundred cog wheels, large and small, principally brass. The whole machine will weigh about one ton and a half, composed principally of cast and wrought iron and brass, having but little wood about it." The machine produced eighty-one separate motions. 2. The counties represented were Brown, Belmont, Champaign, Clark, Crawford, Delaware, Fairfield, Fayette, Franklin, Hamilton, Henry, Highland, Hocking, Jefferson, Knox, Licking, Lorain, Madison, Montgomery, Marion, Muskingum, Perry, Pickaway, Portage, Preble, Richland, Ross, Summit, Union and Wayne. Among the delegates were M. L. Sullivant, R. E. Neil, David Nelson, S. Baldwin, Samuel Medary and John Bishop, of Franklin ; Governor M. Bartley of Richland, J. P. Kirtland of Cuyahoga and Allen Trimble of Highland. 3. The statements here made as to this meeting are taken from manuscript kindly sub - nutted to the author by Hon. Norton S. Townshend, From the same scource the following list of Presidents of the Board, in the order of their service, has been derived : Allen Trimble, M. L. Sullivant, Arthur Watts, Samuel Medary, R. W. Musgrove, James T. Worthington, W. H. Ladd, Alexander Waddle, J. M. Millikin, Norton S. Townshend, Alexander Waddle, D. E. Gardner, T. C. Jones, Norton S. Townshend, N. J. Turney, W. B. McClung, Daniel McMillen, James Fullington, J. W. Ross, William Lang, James Buckingham, L. G. Delano, R. C. Cannon. S. Harmount, J. B. Jamison, J. M. Pugh, B. W. Carlisle, L. B. Wing, D. L. Pope, R. Baker, W. N. Cowden, W. S. Foster, C. D. Bailey, L. N. Bonham, J. H. Brig ham, John Pow, and J. G. Russell. 4. Hon. N. S. Townshend. 5. This Fair was described by Mrs. Frances D. Gage, in a series of communications to the Ohio State Journal entitled " Letters Out of the Kitchen." 6. The members of this committee were W. A. Platt, A. A. Bliss, John Miller, William Dennison, B. B. Blake, S. Medary, W. A. Gill, J. D. Osborn, L. Buttles, J. W. Milligan, A. P. Stone, D. T. Woodbury, L. Hoster, H. Crary and Uriah McElhenny 7. Premiums were awarded to Miss MeElhenny, of Hamilton Township, Mrs. Phelps of Blendon, Mrs. Williams of Hamilton, wad Mrs. Stambaugh of Franklin 8. In reference to the finances of the Exposition the Ohio State Journal of December 17, 1888, contained the following INDUSTRIAL EVENTS - 365 "The committee on centennial disbursements held a meeting Saturday, closed up their affairs and will file their report and papers with the secretary of the board today. The committee have raised $78,386.08 and disbursed all but $18 07, which they turn over to D. S. Gray chairman of the Finance Committee of the General Council, together with $290.18 of notes and $2.575.50 of uncollected accounts to apply on the G. A. R. deficit of $11,400. The total subscription is $80,093, including the amount thus far paid on the deficit of the G. A. R. Council. The uncollected subscriptions amount to $2,565.50, or less than 4 per cent., and a part of this balance will be paid by the subscribers still delinquent. The centennial commission secured of the amount collected $22,986, the Ohio National Guard encampment $2,000, the G. A. R. council $51,612 30, and expense account $1.769.71. CHAPTER XXII. BOARD OF TRADE. On Saturday, July 17,1858, a meeting of business men was held at the City Hall. Not only Columbus but Groveport, Lockbourne, Shadeville, Winchester and other neighboring towns were represented. The meeting organized by electing Theodore Comstock chairman and J. B. Bortle secretary. The object of the assembly, as stated by its chairman, was to organize a society to be known as the Board of Trade of the City of Columbus. The intended purposes of this proposed society, the chairman further stated, were " to promote integrity and good feeling and just and equitable principles in business transactions," and to "protect the rights and advance the commercial, mercantile and manufacturing interests of the city." After this statement the meeting proceeded to organize an association of the character described, and elected the following officers to serve until July 1, 1859 : President, H. Fitch ; Vice President, J. R. Paul ; Secretary, John B. Bortle ; Treasurer, S. S. Rickly ; Directors, J. F. West of Shadeville, A. H. Paul of Grove-port, M. C. Whitehurst of Winchester and Theodore Comstock, Jacob Rickly, Louis Zettler and James O'Kane of Columbus ; Committee on Arbitration, Samuel Sharp of Groveport, J. W. Pence of Lockbourne, A. S. Decker, J. H. Stage and R. Main. The directors were instructed to procure suitable rooms for exchange and business meetings of the association, and a committee was appointed to draft a constitution and supplementary bylaws to be submitted at the next meeting. After this we hear of daily meetings of the Columbus Board of Trade, between nine and two o'clock, at its rooms in the Deshler Block on the corner of High and Town streets. On January 4, 1859, the Board appointed delegates to a convention of forwarders and others interested in the canals of Ohio, to be held in Columbus on the sixth of the ensuing June. At the same time the Board adopted a series of resolutions, one of which read as follows : That in the opinion of this Board a sale or lease of the canals of this State would result in widespread ruin to a very large number of our citizens, a very great decrease of taxable property upon the duplicate and deprivation of a home market for the products of our soil and manufactures. This association, apparently the pioneer of its kind, soon disappeared from the current chronicles of the city. Its existence was doubtless brief. It is evident, [366] BOARD OF TRADE - 367 however, that the need of some such organization continued to be recognized, for, on June 23, 1866, a meeting of citizens called for the purpose of organizing a Board of Trade for the city was held. Ci P. L. Butler was appointed chairman of this meeting and James M. Comly Secretary. A committee of five was appointed to file with the Secretary of State a certificate drawn and signed as follows: We the undersigned citizens of the State of Ohio, and residing or doing business in the City of Columbus, do hereby associate ourselves together as a Board of Trade of the City of Columbus, to be located and situated in the City of Columbus, County of Franklin and State of Ohio, where its business is to be transacted. The objects of the said association are to promote integrity and good faith, just and equitable principles of business ; to discover and correct abuses ; to establish and maintain uniformity in commerical usages; to acquire, preserve and disseminate valuable business statistics and information ; to prevent or adjust controversies or misunderstandings which may arise between persons engaged in trade; and generally to foster, protect and advance, the commercial, mercantile and manufacturing interests of the city, in conformity with an act of the General Assembly of the State of Ohio entitled "an act to authorize the incorporation of Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce," passed April 3, 1866. Andrew Wilson, Junior, A. Kelley, D. S Gray, C. S. Dyer, J. M. Comly, W. A. Neil, E. E. Shedd, John L. Gill, C. P. L. Butler, Theodore H. Butler, James Patterson, W. J. Fell, Luther Donaldson, John Miller, A. J. Rigre, H A. Rushmer, Ci W. Douty, G. W. Huffman, J. H. McColm, H. Bancroft, T. R. Carpenter, N. B. Marple, William Richards, F. M. Holmes, Jared Forsman, John G. Thompson, Thomas Robinson, James Lindsey, E. A Fitch, Starling Loving, D. W. H. Day, R. E. Coyle, J. L. Gill, Junior, G. W. Gill, John B. Peters, S. S. Rickly, S. M. Smith, W. A. Gill, Junior, J. G. Neil, Richard Nevins, E. G. Field, R. D. Harrison, George B. Wright, J. M. Westwater, W. Westwater, D. A. Randall, I. C. Aston, R. E. Champion, W. R. Thrall, H. H Kimball, W. H. Akin, William H. Reed, A. P. Griffin, F. C. Sessions, William A. Platt, Cyrus E. McComb, I. A. Hutchinson. A proposition to amend the name of the association by adding the words "and Franklin County," was rejected. A certificate of incorporation was obtained, and at a subsequent meeting held June 30, a constitution of seventeen articles was submitted and adopted. In pursuance of this constitution officers were elected as follows: President, W. B. Brooks ; Vice Presidents, Jared Forsman, James Patterson, Theodore H. Butler, James S. Abbott, J. M. Westwater, Earl E. Shedd ; Secretary, James N. Comly ; Treasurer, C. N. Bancrofti Committees on arbitration, reference and inspection were appointed. The meeting adjourned subject to the call of the President. Speaking of this movement the Ohio State Journal of July 31, 1869, then edited by General Comly, said : Columbus needs a Board of Trade. There are questions of comity between wholesale and retail dealers continually arising of which no written law takes cognizance, but frequently of as much importance to the trade of the city as matters regulated by statute. So long as we have no Board we shall never have a clean wholesale trade, protecting the interests of the retail customers fully and properly. There is also another great grievance complained of by the local trade. Agents of foreign houses are constantly selling on our streets by sample, competing at an advantage with our houses, which pay municipal and State taxes. The State and the city are both deprived of their just rights by these dealers, who have no local habitation or name among us. Our dealers who pay rents and add to the business reputation of the city by tasteful storerooms, and who pay taxes to State, county and city, 368 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. have no even chance against these men, who pay none of these. It is due the city (at least) that they should be required to pay license, or some equitable assessment into the city treasury to offset the amounts paid by our own people. These matters can be properly regulated only through a Board of Trade, bringing them to the notice of the proper authorities. Nevertheless, this second organization seems to have been as short lived as the first. For reasons not apparent we hear nothing more or it, but again, on November 9, 1872, a meeting to organize a Board of Trade for the city was held. This assembly convened at the City Hall in pursuance of a call issued by about two hundred citizens. John L. Gill was appointed chairman and Jacob H. Studer secretary. Remarks were made by William Dennison, and Messrs. D. W. Brooks, R. C. Hoffman, T. Ewing Miller, C. P. L. Butler and S. S. Rickly were appointed a committee to prepare a constitution and a certificate of incorporation. This committee reported to a meeting held November 14, 1872, a constitution which was adopted. At a third meeting held November 21 the following officers of the Board were chosen : President, John L. Gill : Vice Presidents, T. Ewing Miller, Theodore Comstock, E. L. Hinman, D. S. Gray, W. B. Brooks and H. Mithoff ; Secretary, H. M. Failing ; Treasurer, Joseph Falkenbach. The total membership at this time was 143. Bylaws were adopted at a fourth meeting held December 6. Rooms appropriately fitted up for the Board in the City Hall were formally opened on February 10, 1873, and on February 11 the first regular daily meeting was held. Complaints were soon made of languishing interest in this organization, and various projects for arousing more general and active participation in its proceedings were proposed. On November 13, 1873, the following officers were chosen: President, J. M. Comly ; Vice Presidents, T. E. Miller, E. L. Hinman, E. T. Mithoff, L. Donaldson, D. W. Brooks and Frank S. Brooks ; Treasurer, Joseph Falkenbach ; Secretary, H. M. Failing. On November 8, 1873, Secretary Failing submitted a report for the first half of that year. On December 11 the Board was addressed by General J. M. Comly and further speeches were made by William Dennison and T. Ewing Miller. Secretary Failing died March 9, 1874. On November 19 of that year new officers were chosen as follows : President, T, Ewing Miller; Vice Presidents, E. L. Hinman, D. W. Brooks, M. Halm, V. Anderson, F. S. Brooks, and W. W. Medary; Treasurer, Joseph Falkenbach ; Secretary, S. M. Smith, Junior. Officers were again chosen October 26, 1876, viz: President, S. S. Rickly ; Vice Presidents, C. P. L. Butler, D. S. Gray, Joseph Falkenbach, J. M. Westwater, J. B. Hall and Isaac Eberly ; Secretary and Treas. urer, Charles B. Stewart. After this the Board again languished, and ceased to make any important record in the current chronicles of the day, but on May 29, 1880, a movement for its revival was once more inaugurated. A meeting of business men held at the City Hall on that date adopted the constitution and bylaws of the latest defunct board and adjourned until June 1, when the following officers were nominated and presumably elected : President, S. S. Rickly; Vice Presidents, C. P. L. Butler, Daniel McAllister, M. C. Whitehurst, E. C. Beach, W. B. Hayden and L. C. Newsom ; Secretary, E. A. Fitch ; Treasurer, E. W. Scott. This effort did not pro- BOARD OF TRADE - 369 duce satisfactory results, and accordingly in March, 1884, the reorganization of the Board was again proposed by numerous citizens in a card addressed to President S. S. Rickly. Accordingly on April 30, 1884, a new board was incorporated by R. E. Sheldon, C. D. Firestone, Theodore Rhoads, P. W. Corzilius and W. A. Mahoney; a new constitution with 111 signatures was adopted, and on the ensuing May 13 a meeting for reorganization was held at which the following officers were elected: President, W. Y. Miles ; Vice Presidents, Theodore H. Butler and C. D. Firestone ; Directors, Edwin Kelton, H. C. Lonnis, Theodore Rhoads, Walter Crafts, G. W. Lattimer, R. E. Sheldon, F. H. Kingsbury, E. E. Shedd, P. W. Corzilius and C. N. Bancroft. The matriculation fees were fixed at fifteen dollars for individuals and twentyfive for firms. At a meeting on May 15 Charles G. Lord was chosen Secretary, and Walter Crafts Treasurer, and a temporary office was established at Number 6, Deshler Block. On June 5 the Board decided to transfer its office to the City Hall ; the membership had by that time reached 140. On July 1 the room at the City Hall was formally occupied, and speeches appropriate to the occasion were made by W. Y. Miles, A. G. Thurman, S. S. Rickly and W. G. Deshler. Standing committees were on the same occasion announced. At the annual meeting of January 20, 1885, an address was delivered by President Miles, a report submitted by Secretary Lord, and the following officers were chosen : President, W. Y. Miles; Vice Presidents, Theodore H. Butler and C. D. Firestone ; also a Board of Directors. The active work of the Board was now fairly inaugurated, and was apparently destined to be permanent. In his annual report for the year 1884, the President suggested that, as soon as possible a Board of Trade building should be erected, and that no time should be lost in securing a suitable location for such a building. In accordance with this suggestion the Directors were instructed by resolution offered September 21, 1886, by Mr. Rickly, to consider the propriety of purchasing a lot and erecting such a building, including a hall suitable for public meetings. The project was favorably reported by the Directors November 9, and on December 28, 1886, a resolution to erect a building was adopted, and committees on sites and plans wore appointed. The limit of total expenditure was originally fixed at $125,000, but was subsequently (August 16, 1887), enlarged to $155,000. Ownership certificates of one hundred dollars each were subscribed for to the amount of $65,000, and the oldtime tavern property on East Broad Street, formerly known as the Buckeye House, was purchased as a site. For this property, known at the time as the Hotel Gardner, the sum of $45,000 was paid. The work of erecting a building in accordance with plans adopted was soon begun, but was interrupted by a painful incident, the following account of which is taken from the Ohio State Journal of May 4, 1888 : The architect of the building, Mr. Elah Terrell. had a patent and arched ceiling of his own invention which has attracted much attention and gives a very beautiful appearance to a room. He has introduced his arch into a number of buildings in this city and has made it one of the features of the Board of Trade building. The basement rooms were all celled with this arch, the work being completed a few days ago. These arches are of a peculiar structure, 24* 370 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS, They are built of brick over scaffolding and the posts holding it up are removed and the arch is left to its natural support. The brick composing the arch are laid in such a way that the thrust of the weight is toward the corners of the room and the walls of the building are protected by placing around it a powerful iron band sufficient to bear the entire weight of the arch, so that the structure could, if necessary force were applied, be lifted out of the room and placed elsewhere without injury. In order to unite the bricks firmly into one mass, and form a partition impervious to water, cement is placed between them and the corners are filled up with mortar. The ceilings of all the basement rooms were completed some days ago and the men in the employ of Messrs. Rouzer & Co., of Dayton, who have the contract for the carpenter work of the building, were ready to remove the supports when the cement had sufficiently hardened and the arch had settled. Yesterday Mr. Terrell told the men that as far as the cement was concerned it would be safe to begin the work. The foreman of the carpentering department, George Terwilliger, a man well known about the city, decided to begin immediately. He had some time since engaged as one of his assistants. Samuel Coleman, a carpenter who lives at Number 483 West State Street. Yesterday he employed Jesse F. Beckom, a carpenter who came from Dayton and was living with his wife and child at the corner of Russell and University streets. With these two men Terwilliger began to remove the scaffolding in the room at the southwest corner of the building already engaged to the Franklin Insurance Company. There were at work about the building at the time from thirty to forty men, most of them being employed by the iron contractors. A few minutes after three o'clock these men were startled by a heavy rumbling noise and the quivering of the west wall, which tottered toward the alley as if about to fall over and then settled back to its line badly broken and the upper portion leaning an inch or two inward from the plumb.. A cloud of dust arising from the southeast room told that the arch had fallen. They rushed to that portion of the building and found the basement floor covered with a mass of mortar and bricks weighing many tonsi Near the east wall and about half way between Broad Street and the north side of the room the head of a man, Samuel Coleman, protruded from the ruins of the arch. Coleman was extricated from the debris, terribly mangled, and was immediately conveyed to his home. Terwilliger was also quickly taken out but breathed his last three minutes later. Beckom was next brought up but died immediately from the terrible injuries he had received. The changes and repairs made necessary by this distressing calamity seriously added to the cost of the building, not to mention indemnities amounting to some thousands of dollars paid to the injured man and the families of the killed. Work on the building proceeded, however, and on July 23, 1889, its auditorium was formally dedicated. The interest of the opening for the large audience present was greatly enhanced by the rare vocalism of Miss Stella McMillin, with accompanying musical performances by the Fourteenth Regiment Band and the Orpheus Clubi Addresses were delivered by Ji S. Morton, Allen G. Thurman, John L. Gill, Emerson McMillan, S. S. Rickly and E. O. Randall. Since the reorganization of the Board in 1884, its interest in the affairs of the city has been active and important. Among the more prominent themes which have engaged its attention have been the following : A National Government building for Columbus ; enlargement and diversification of the manufacturing interests of the city; sanitation and water supply ; the reception of delegate conventions; courtesies to officers of State, the General Assembly and distinguished BOARD OF TRADE - 371 visitors; a national bankrupt law ; the national coinage ; labor strikes and troubles ; street improvements ; abatement of nuisances ; the Grand Army National Encampment ; the State Fair; the Ohio Centennial Exposition ; special charities; an executive mansion ; sewerage ; signal service, taxation, and municipal reform. The honorary members of the Board thus far elected have been Allen G. Thurman, John L. Gill, William Y. Miles, Samuel S. Rickly, William G. Deshler, Henry C. Noble, Lincoln Kilbourn and Edward Orton. Its aggregate membership, according to its latest report, numbers nearly five hundred. NOTES. 1. Concerning this movement the following statements were made in the Ohio State Journal of March 31 : “At the Board of Trade meeting Saturday night, at the request of President S. S. Rickly, it was decided to close the present board for the purpose of enabling a new organization to adopt the name and establish a more extensive and thorough association that will embrace not only the grain, flour and produce interest of the city, but all other branches of trade and also the manufacturing interests. It was resolved that all the papers and effects of the Board, except the funds, be tendered to the organization. The cash on hand, amounting to $112.13, was donated equally between the St. Francis Hospital and the Home for the Friendless. Resolutions were adopted expressing thanks to the President, S. S. Rickly, for the impartial manner displayed in conducting the affairs of the Board, as also to Mr. E. W. Scott for his services as Secretary. CHAPTER XXIII. POLITICAL EVENTS; 1797-1840. The patriotism of the pioneers of the Ohio Wilderness was of a very ardent type. Some curious evidences of this are seen in the quaint and unsophisticated zeal with which they celebrated the National Independence Day of that period. One of the writers of early Ohio history makes this record of the manner in which it was done Independence Day was loyally observed when possible, the first recorded celebration thereof on the Western Reserve being in 1796, when General Moses Cleveland and his party of surveyors halted at the mouth of Conneaut Creek, flung the American flag to the breeze, partook of a banquet of baked pork and beans, fired a rifle salute, and proposed toasts which were drunk in more than one pail of grog. The means of celebration were not always equal to the patriotic intent. In 1800 a gathering was held at the residence of Captain Quinby, in Warren, and although there were provisions and liquids in abundance, there was a lack of musical instruments. A drummer and fifer studied the difficulty, and finally surmounted it. The one sought a suitable branch from an elderbush, and soon transformed it into a fife. The other cut down a hollow pepperidge tree, and with only a handax and jackplane made a drum cylinder. With the skin of a fawn he made the heads for the drum, and corded them on with a pair of new plowlines. The procession was then enabled to move, and whatever the music lacked in harmony it made up in volume and intention. On these patriotic occasions, as in all social gatherings, the whisky of the homemade still was brought into free use, and the man who declined it was the exception and not the rule. Of the observance of July Fourth, 1814, at Franklinton we have the following account in the Freeman's Chronicle: The anniversary of American Independence was celebrated in this town on Monday last with the customary festivity. Agreeably to previous concert, about 2 o'clock P. M., Captain Vance's elegant company of Franklin Dragoons, together with many invited guests, repaired to the Lion Tavern, where they partook of a sumptuous and splendid dinner prepared by Mr. Pratt — and the cloth being removed the following toasts were drank, accompanied with discharges of cannon : 1. The Fourth of July —May its next anniversary be celebrated under the shade of the olive. 2 3 cheers, 1 gun. 2. Our beloved Washington — The hero, statesman, great and good. The chosen instrument of God to free us from a tyrant's chain. Revered forever be his name, 3 cheers, 1 gun. 3. General Andrew Jackson. His merit has forced him into notice — may he exceed our most sanguine expectations. 3 cheers, 1 gun. [372] POLITICAL EVENTS; 1797-1840 - 373 4. The War — Just though precipitate —May the sword never be heathed until our disasters are wiped away and our rights secured. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 5. The navy of the U. S.—May our harbors be defended by the w ight of our metal. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 6. The Embargo —More policy in repealing than in making the law. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 7. The general officers of our Army —Fewer speeches and more action. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 8. The Union of the States— Disgrace to him who wishes, destruction to him who attempts its dissolution — may it be cemented by political and moral rectitude. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 9. The three ranks of our Government — executive, legislative and judicial — may they preserve a distance which shall prevent confusion, and preserve a connexion close enough for mutual support. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 10. Republicanism — that says what it thinks and does what it says. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 11. The contents of our cartouch boxes to demagogues and sycophants —double rations to the true friends of our republic. 6 cheers, 1 gun. 12. Our naval heroes —Their heads are without a cloud—their hearts without a covering. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 13. Our major-generals — Their debut and exit tread on each other's heels —The Fable of the Fox and Flies. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 14. The days of the revolution. They are revived in miniature— may the likeness grow to the full stature of the original. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 15. The American Republic—Empires have passed away like a dream and Kingdoms have tottered into ruin — yet may this fair fabric of freedom stand firm against the ragings of foreign usurpation or the whirlwinds of domestic faction. 3 cheers, 1 gun. 16. Peace to a troubled World — Liberty to the enslaved of every nation. 9 cheers, 1 gun. 17. The American fair — may they foster their offspring in the lap of plenty and peace. 3 cheers, 1 gun. Volunteer — By Mri Sullivant. Captain John Moore - His private virtues are equal to his public worth may his country never want a better officer of his grade. The first celebration of the Fourth of July in Columbus of which we have any detailed account was that of the year 1821, thus described in the Gazette of July 5. The Fourth of July was celebrated in this town with unusual brilliancy. An, oration was delivered in the Representatives' Hall by Joseph Hines, Esq., and a Hymn and Ode performed by the Columbus Handel Society in a superior degree of elegance — after which the citizens, escorted by the Franklin Dragoons, Columbus Artillery and Columbus Light Infantry repaired to a beautiful grove at the south end of the town, and partook of a dinner prepared by Colonel Reed. After the cloth was removed the following toasts were drank, accompanied by the discharge of Artillery : The day ; President Monroe . . ; John Quincy Adams . . . ; The memory of George Washington .. . ; National Industry—the only cure for hard times; Public Confidence . . . ; Manufactures . . ; The Farmers of the United States . . . ; The Mechanics of the United States . . . ; Merchants of the United States . . . ; State of Ohio . . . ; Internal Communication in this State . . . ; The Grand Western Canal of New York . . . ; The civil authorities of Ohio — Frequent elections, moderate salaries and rotation in office ; the Bank of the United States — the aristocracy of this republic — and behold a great red dragon, etc ; Despotism ... ; The cause of liberty in Europe . . . ; Republic of Columbia . . . ; Governor Brown . . . ; Henry Baldwin . . . ; The Philadelphia Agricultural Society . . . ; The last year's loan — If a national debt be a national blessing, next to the kingdom from whence this precept was derived, the United States are on the broadest road of being supremely blessed ; The American Fair—may they, prefer sense and industry to 374 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. impertinence and dandyism—the sound of the spinning wheel to the charms of the lute —but 0 ? — if they don't may they never be married. The celebration in 1882 is thus referred to in the Gazette of July 11 : The citizens of this town Celebrating the Anniversary of the American Independence met about 12 o'clock at the place appointed (the acting Governor of Ohio being present on the occasion) formed procession and marched to the Presbyterian meetinghouse, when the services of the day were opened by a suitable address to the throne of grace from the Reverend Mr. Bigelow. A very interesting discourse was then delivered by the Rev. J. Hoge, and several pieces of music prepared for the occasion, performed by the Handel Society. After which the exercises were closed by prayer from the Rev. Mr. Burton, the procession again formed and marched to the Courthouse and partook of a very excellent dinner. Mr. Hoge's address here referred to contained strong anti-slavery sentiments. Twenty-four "regular" and eleven "volunteer" toasts were drunk ; among the regular ones were these : Thomas Jefferson, John Adams and Charles Carroll. The only surviving signers of that Instrument which will immortalize their names. The State of Ohio —The Fourth in the Union, may she be worthy of the high station to which her rank entitles her. The town of Columbus — May the enterprise, industry and morality of its citizens make it worthy to become the great metropolis of a great State. One of the volunteer toasts was this : Commodore O. H. Perry — He has erected for himself and his compatriots a monument of fame which shall endure till Erie's waves shall cease to roll and " Time blots out the Sun." Of the observance of the independence anniversary in 1826 the Ohio State Journal of July 6 narrates : This day was celebrated in this town with much hilarity and withal decorum. At 12 o'clock the citizens of Columbus and neighborhood to the number of about 300, followed by 24 revolutionary soldiers formed a procession and proceeded to a beautiful grove in the skirts of the town. After an impressive prayer, the Declaration of Independence was read and an appropriate Ode (composed for the occasion) was sung, a brief address was delivered — another appropriate Ode (also composed for the occasion) was sung, and the exercises closed by prayer. After which the assembly sat down to an excellent dinner. [Thirteen toasts were drunk.], About three o'clock the citizens formed a procession and returned to town, and after cheering the revolutionary soldiers as they passed through the open rank, dispersed. Of the celebration in 1827 the Ohio State Journal of July 12 gave this account : This ever memorable day [July 4] was celebrated in this town with more than usual splendor. At the dawn of day a national salute was fired. About 12 o'clock a procession was formed by the marshals of the day, General J. Warner and Captain Joseph M'Elvain, consisting of the military, citizens and Revolutionary soldiers, on the green in front of the Academy. The procession moved up Rich Street to High Street, and up High Street to the State House. The assembly being seated, the Rev. J. Hoge made an appropriate and eloquent prayer. Samuel Bigger read the Declaration of Independence, and Samuel C. Andrews delivered the following oration. The excellent manner in which the choristers performed the odes added not a little to the pleasing ceremonies of the day. At the request of the revolutionary soldiers " Yankee Doodle " was played by the band which seemed to light up their countenances by bringing to their recollection time long gone by. After the ceremonies at the State House, the company repaired to a grove at the North end of the Towns where they partook of an excellent dinner