450 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Treasurer, Isaac Welsh; Auditor, James Williams ; Attorney-General, Fran( Pond ; Board of Public Works, Stephen R Homer ; Supreme Court Clerk, ney Foos. State Executive Committee : James Williams, F. B. Pond, C. C. cutt, G. K. Nash, Rodney Foos, R. D. Harrison. An evening ratification me was addressed by John Sherman, J. A. Garfield, S. Galloway and Jacob M A Young Men's Republican Club was organized at the Secretary of State's July 20. A Young Men's Democratic Association was organized at Thu Hall, July 10. The first County Convention of Prohibitionists met in Session Hall, July 22, and nominated candidates for county officers. The Ohio I party held its State Convention at the City Hall, July 26, H. C. Sheldon pi ing. It nominated no ticket, but issued an address to the people. Democratic State Convention, Opera House, June 1; temporary chairman, J. F. McKin permanent, George H. Pendleton. Nominations: Governor, George W. Mc___ Lieutenant Governor, S. F. Hunt; Supreme Court Judge, George W. Ge, Attorney-General, E. S. Wallace ; Auditor, J. R. Cockerill ; Treasurer, G Bruhl ; Board of Public Works, Arthur Hughes ; School Commissioner, V Ross ; Supreme Court Clerk, Charles Patterson. An evening ratification me was addressed by Messrs. Vallandigham, Pendleton and Milton Saylor. The lutions adopted recognized as " accomplished facts" the three later amended to the National Constitution. Emancipation Day was celebrated with much circumstance by the colored people September 22. 1872. John Sherman was nominated for National Senator January 4; elected nary 10. General E. F. Noyes was inaugurated as Governor, January 8. ceremonies took place in the rotunda ; oath administered by Chief Justice J Scott. The County Auditors held a State convention January 24, at Ambos A State Woman Suffrage Convention met at the Opera House, February addressed by Mrs. J. G. Swisshelm, Mrs. E. L. Rexford, Mrs. J. H. Coulter others. The Republican State Central Committee met at the Hall of Representatives, February 14, J. S. Robinson presiding, and adopted resolutions recommending the nomination of William Dennison for Vice President. A Labor R__ National Convention held its sittings at Wagner's Hall, February 20, 21 an Edwin M. Chamberlain, of Massachusetts, presiding. This convention nominated David Davis, of Illinois, for President, and Joel Parker, of New Jersey, for President. Both nominees declined ; the convention therefore reassembled in the City Hall, August 21, and decided not to make new nominations. The dance at this second meeting was very small. The National Convention o Prohibition party was held at the Opera House, February 22 and 23; temp, chairman, Henry Fish, of Michigan ; permanent, S. B. Chase, of Pennsyvania, James Black, of Pennsylvania, was nominated for President, and John Russ, Michigan, for Vice President. A State Prohibition Convention assembled Opera House, February 23, and nominated candidates for State officers. Republican State Convention, Opera House, March 27 ; temporary chair Alphonso Hart; permanent, John C. Lee. Nominations : Secretary of A. T. Wikoff ; Supreme Court Judge, John Welsh ; Board of Public Works, Porter ; Senatorial Electors, J. C. Lee and Alphonso Hart. State Executive Committee, R. D. Harrison, Rodney Foos, J. B. Neil, W. T. Wilson, A. T. W___, C. C. Walcutt, James Williams, H. G. Otis, W. A. Hunt. The resolutions recommended the nomination of William Dennison for Vice President. A Liberal Republican meeting to choose delegates to the National Liberal Republican Convention at Cincinnati, May 1, was held at Strader's Hall, Apr POLITICAL EVENTS; 1868-1889 - 451 chairman, H. Mithoff ; addresses by C. P. L. Butler, W. E. Ide, N. Merion, W. T. Wallace and others. The Democratic State Convention was held at Cleveland, June 27 ; its nominations were: Secretary of State, Aquila Wiley ; Supreme Court Judge, John L. Green ; Board of Public Works, J. B. Riley. A National Convention of Liberal Republicans, held at Cincinnati, May 1, nominated Horace Greeley for President and Benjamin Gratz Brown for Vice President. The National Democratic Convention assembled at Baltimore, July 9, and nominated the same candidates. On September 3, a National Convention of Straightout Democrats met at Louisville and nominated Charles O'Conor for President and John Quincy Adams for Vice President. The Republican National Convention met at Philadelphia, July 5, and nominated U. S. Grant for President and Henry Wilson for Vice President. A ratification of the nominations of Greeley and Brown took place at the East Front July 14 0. W. Manypenny presided and speeches were made by George L. Converse, C. P. L. Butler, H. J. Jewett and E. F. Bingham. A meeting of Straightout Democrats, to form an O'Conor and Adams electoral ticket, met October 22, J. H. Geiger presiding. A circular was issued by this meeting to the " sold but undelivered Democrats of Ohio." A short speech was made by Mr. Greeley while passing through the city, from Pittsburgh west, September 20. James G. Blaine addressed a Republican meeting at the Opera House, October 7. A Greeley and Brown mass meeting held at the East Front September 2, was addressed by Senators A. G. Thurman and Lyman Trumbull. A Republican meeting at the City Hall, September 20, was addressed by General B. F. Butler. General W. S. Hillyer addressed the Republican Club September 26. A joint conference of Liberal Republican and Democratic State Central Committees was held at Thurman Hall, November 15. An address to Liberals and Democrats, prepared by a committee appointed for the purpose, was read by Senator Thurman, who opposed relinquishment of the Democratic name and organization. 1873. The State Association of County Auditors met at the Capitol January 29. The delegate convention chosen to revise the Constitution of the State assembled in the Hall of Representatives, May 13. M. R. Waite, was chosen to preside. The Republican State Convention was held at the City Hall, May 21 ; temporary chairman, J. T. Updegraff ; permanent, James Monroe. Nominations : Governor, E. F. Noyes; Supreme Court Judges, William White and Walter F. Stone; Treasurer, Isaac Welsh ; Attorney General, John Little ; Comptroller, W. T. Wilson ; Board of Public Works, P. V. Herzing. State Executive Committee : C. C. Walcutt, Rodney Foos, James Williams, F. B. Pond, J. C. Donaldson and Isaac Welsh. A State convention of Liberal Republicans and so called "Allen County" Democrats assembled July 30, at Arnbos Hall ; temporary chairman, T. E. Cunningham, of Allen County; permanent, Norton S. Townshend. The convention was addressed by George E. Pugh, Thomas Ewing, Frederick Hassaurek and William D. Caldwell. Resolutions reported by E. A. Parrott declared that the Democratic and Republican parties had both outlived their usefulness; opposed subsidies ; and favored a tariff for revenue only. Nominations : Governor, Isaac C. Collins; Lieutenant Governor, A. S. Platt, Attorney-General, Seraphim Myers; Supreme Court Judges, P. B. Ewing and D. W. C. Louden, Treasurer, Jonathan Harshman ; Comptroller, C. P. L. Butler ; Board of Public Works, James McBeth, The Democratic State Convention assembled at the Opera House August 6 ; temporary chairman, S. F. Hunt; permanent, W. H. Ball. Nominations: 452 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Governor, William Allen ; Lieutenant-Governor, Barnabas Burns ; Supreme Court Judges, H. C. Whitman, C. H. Scribner ; Attorney-General, M. A. Daugherty; Treasurer, George Weimer; Comptroller, J. K. Newcomer ; Board of Public Works, C. Schunck. The convention was addressed by Messrs. S. F. Hunt and A. G. Thurman. A Democratic " jollification " over the results of the election took place October 24; speeches by Allen G. Thurman, S. F. Hunt, A. E. Jenner, S. F. Cary and ,George L. Converse. The State Association of County Auditors convened at the Capitol December 10-11. 1874. Governor William Allen was inaugurated January 12. The ceremonies were attended by large numbers of people from different parts of the State, and were accompanied by an extensive military parade in which the following organizations took part: Cleveland Grays, Herman Guards of Steubenville, Sill Guards of Chillicothe, Light Guards and Lytle Grays of Cincinnati, Dayton Zouaves and Toledo Cadets. G. S. Innis was chief marshal. The ceremonies were held on the East Terrace ; in the evening an inauguration ball, notable for its elaborate arrangements and large attendance, took place at the City Hall. A serenade to Governor Allen at the Neil House was accompanied by speeches from Messrs. Thurman, Hunt, Pendleton and Ewing. A mass meeting in behalf of the new constitution pending before the people was held in the Capitol Square August 15 ; speeches by Thomas Ewing and R. P. L. Baber. Democratic State Convention, Opera House, August 26; temporary chairman, J. C. McKemy ; permanent, Thomas Ewing. Nominations: Secretary of State, William Bell ; School Commissioner, C. S. Smart; Supreme Court Judge, W. J. Gilmore; Supreme Court Clerk, Arnold Green; Board of Public Works, Martin Schilder. Republican State Convention, September 2; temporary chairman, Charles Foster; permanent, John Sherman. Nominations: Secretary of State, A. T. Wikoff; Supreme Court Judge, Luther Day; School Commissioner, T. W. Harvey ; Board of Public Works, S. R. Hosmer ; Supreme Court Clerk, Rodney Foos. The convention was addressed by Messrs. Garfield, Foster, Sherman and Noyes. On September 11 the Democratic State Central Committee nominated George Rex for Supreme. Court Judge vice Walter F. Stone, who had resigned. A Democratic " jollification " over the results of recent elections took place on the Capitol Square, November 4; cannonading, speeches and fireworks. The State Association of County Auditors met at the State Auditor's office November 11. 1875. A State Convention of the Prohibition party assembled at the City Hall February 24, and nominated a State ticket. A convention of persons favoring an express recognition of Deity in the National Constitution was held at the Opera House March 10, Hon. Felix R. Brunot, of Pittsburgh, presiding. Resolutions were passed and a State Association was organized. The Republican State Convention met at the Opera House June 2 ; temporary chairman, Lorenzo Danford ; permanent, E. F. Noyes. Nominations : Governor, R. B. Hayes ; Lieutenant-Governor, Thomas L. Young ; Treasurer, John Millikin ; Auditor, James Williams ; Supreme Court Judge, George W. McIlvaine ; Board of Public Works, Peter Thatcher ; Attorney-General, John Little. An evening ratification meeting was addressed by Hon. Alphonso Taft. The Democratic State Convention was POLITICAL EVENTS; 1868-1889 - 453 held at the Opera House June 17; temporary chairman, John L. Vance ; permanent, Rufus P. Romney. Nominations : Governor, William Allen ; Lieutenant-Governor, S. F. Cary ; Supreme Court Judge, Thomas Q. Ashburn; Auditor, E. M. Green ; Treasurer, John Schreiner ; Board of Public Works, H. E. O'Hagan ; Attorney-General, Thomas E. Powell. An evening ratification-meeting was addressed by Messrs. Allen, Pendleton, Cary, Southard and Ewing. Hon. Isaac Welsh, Treasurer of State, died at his home in Belmont County November 29. The State Association of County Auditors met at the office of the Auditor of State December 1. 1876. A State Convention of Prohibitionists was held at the Board of Trade room February 23. A State ticket was nominated. The Republican State Convention met at the Opera House March 29 ; temporary chairman, John C. Lee ; permanent, Alphonso Hart. Nominations : Secretary of State, Milton Barnes ; Supreme Court Judge, W. W. Boynton ; Board of Public Works, J. C. Evans. The resolutions adopted recommended the nomination of Governor R. B. Hayes for the Presidency. The Democratic State Convention met at Cincinnati May 17. Nominations : Secretary of State, William Bell ; Supreme Court Judge, William E. Finch ; Board of Public Works, H. P. Clough. The Republican National Convention was held at Cincinnati June 14, 15 and 16, and nominated R. B. Hayes for President and William A. Wheeler for Vice President. The nomination of Governor Hayes aroused a great deal of enthusiasm in the city, and he was overwhelmed with congratulations. On June 17 the committee appointed to convey to him a formal notice of his nomination performed that service. It was led by Edward McPherson, chairman of the Republican National Convention. The ceremonies of notification took place at the Executive office, and were brief The Democratic National Convention at St. Louis June 17 and 18, nominated Samuel J. Tilden for President, and Thomas A. Hendricks for Vice President. An excursion party of Indianians, filling a train of eight cars, arrived August 2 on a visit to General Hayes. The presence of these visitors in the city was celebrated by a torchlight parade in the evening. A campaign organization known as the Hayes and Wheeler Regiment was formed in August. A company of Hayes and Wheeler Guards, C. S. Ammel Captain, was organized September 14. A convention of so called independent citizens of Ohio, favorable to the use of legal tender paper currency in lieu of National Banknotes, assembled at Columbus September 12, and passed resolutions favoring the candidacy of Peter Cooper for President and Samuel F. Cary for Vice President. A Republican meeting of September 14 at the West Front, was addressed by Lynde Harrison, of Connecticut. A party of Pennsylvania soldiers, returning from a reunion at Indianapolis, visited Governor Hayes September 22. The Governor was visited by Hon. James G. Blaine October 4. A Republican meeting of October 3 was addressed by Milo S. Hascall ; another of October 10 was addressed' by Stewart L. Woodford. A Democratic meeting of September 22 was addressed by General F. Sigel and S. S. Cox ; another of November 22 was addressed by Messrs. Pendleton, Ewing, Morgan, Warner and Wiley. A meeting of Republicans rejoicing over the results of the October elections was accompanied by a street parade. 1877. A Democratic State Convention to protest against such a count of the electoral votes as would exclude Samuel J. Tilden from the Presidency was held in the 454 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. City Hall January 8, temporary chairman, General Warner ; permanent, General Durbin Ward. Among the speakers were Messrs. Warner, Ward, Pendleton, Morgan and Ewing. A Prohibition State Convention met and nominated a State ticket February 22. On March 17 Stanley Matthews was nominated by the Republican caucus for National Senator, vice Sherman, resigned. The formalities and social attentions incident to the departure of President-elect and Mrs. Hayes for Washington took place February 28. During the afternoon of that date the pupils of the institutions for the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb were received in the rotunda. In the evening a farewell rcception took place in the Senate Chamber. After the reception, which was largely attended, Governor and Mrs. Hayes were escorted to the Hall of Representatives, where an informal meeting of the General Assembly was held, Hon. H. W. Curtis presiding. At the Hall introductory speeches were made by Hon. W. R. Warnock and Hon. C. H. Grosvenor. In response Governor Hayes said Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : I shall make no attempt to describe what I have felt during the progress of this reception nor what I feel now that it is drawing to a close. I wish in the simplest way and with the fewest words to thank the citizens of Columbus, and the members of the General Assembly, the State Officers, and the people of Ohio who have taken part in it, for their very great kindness to me and to my family on this and many other occasions. The city of Columbus and its people have very many and great claims to our affection and gratitude. It is more than forty years since I became acquainted, in boyhood, with Columbus, and from that day to this many of my most intimate friends have been among its citizens. Many are gone; I look in vain among those we have met this evening for some who were once numbered with my most familiar acquaintances. . . . As for myself and my family, we go, perhaps to return in a few days to occupy our accustomed place in this community. Possibly we go to other scenes and duties, not to meet you again as fellow citizens of Columbus. In that event I wish to say, as Mr. Lincoln said on parting with his friends at Springfield sixteen years ago, that I trust you will pray that I may have the Divine assistance and guidance without which I cannot succeed, and with which I cannot fail. After these remarks and some minor formalities the assembly was dissolved. On the following day, March 1, Presidentelect Hayes and party quitted Columbus for Washington. General Hayes and those accompanying hint were escorted from his residence on Broad Street to the railway station by the Columbus Cadets and the Agricultural College Cadets, preceded by the Barracks Band. The streets along the route were thronged with people. After he had taken his seat in the private car of Colonel Thomas A. Scott, tendered for the occasion, General Hayes appeared, in response to repeated calls, at the rear of the car and addressed the multitude as follows : My Fellow Citizens: I understand very well the uncertainty of public affairs at Washington. I understand very well that possibly next week I may be with you again to resume my place in the Governor's office and as your fellew citizen. But I also understand it is my duty to be at Washington prepared to assume another position, higher and more responsible, and with more difficult duties. I have thought, as I have looked upon this great audience, and as today I gazed upon the peeple who thronged our route to the depot, of a similar occurrence sixteen years ago. A little less than sixteen years ago, with a thousand men, I marched down High Street to pass to the East and to the South, to do what we could to restore the Union of the States, and to reestablish the authority of the constitution. In that work we were eminently successful, so far as it was possible to be successful by force of arms. I am not here to say a word in disparagement of what was accomplished by the brave men who went out with me from different parts of the country. Of my comrades onethird and over never returned to their homes. They perished in the discharge of their duty that the Republic might live. But there was something force could not do. We would have our union to be a union of hearts, and we would have our constitution obeyed ; not only because of force, which compels obedience but obeyed because the people love the principles of the constitution. [Long continued applause.]. And today, if I am called to the work to which Abraham Lincoln was called sixteen years ago, it is under brighter skies and more favorable auspices. I do hope, I do fervently believe that by the aid of Divine Providence, we may do something in this day of peace, by works of peace, toward reestablishing in the hearts of our countrymen a real, a hearty attachment to the constitution as it is and the Union as it is. [Long continued applause.] POLITICAL EVENTS ; 1868-1889 - 455 Further remarks were here prevented by a passing locomotive and presently by the departure of the presidential train amid loud and prolonged plaudits. Governor and Mrs. Hayes were accompanied by their children and the following friends: Gcneral and Mrs R. P. Buckland, General and Mrs. John G. Mitchell, Lieutenant-Governor and Mrs. Thomas L. Young, General and Mrs. C. H. Grosvenor, John W. and Mrs. Herron, George W. and Mrs. Jones, Doctor John and Mrs. Davis, Colonel L. C. and Mrs. Weir, O. J. and Mrs. Hodge, R. H. and Miss Platt, Frank Hickock, R. P. Kennedy, W. H. Smith and several representatives of the press. The Columbus Cadets followed the party on a later train.. On March 2 the resignation of the office of Governor by General Hayes was placed on file by his Private Secretary, Alfred E. Lee, under telegraph instructions from Washington, and Lieutenant-Governor T. L. Young was sworn into office as Governor. The resignation was dated February 28. The oath of office was administered to Governor Young by Chief Justice Welsh. A State convention of advocates of the socalled " greenback " currency was held at Room 91, in the Capitol June 6. A State ticket was nominated. The Republican State Convention assembled on August 1, at Cleveland; temporary chairman, C. H. Grosvenor ; permanent, James A. Garfield. Nominations : Governor, William H. West ; Lieutenant-Governor, Ferdinand Vogeler ; Supreme Court Judge, William W. Johnson ; Treasurer, John M. Milliken ; Attorney-General, George K. Nash ; School Commissioner, J. T. Lukens; Supreme Court Clerk, Dwight S. Crowell ; Board of Public Works, C. W. Lucky. The Democratic State Convention assembled at Columbus July 25 ; temporary chairman, W. P. Noble; permanent, J. F. McKinney. Nominations: Governor, R. M. Bishop`; Lieutenant-Governor, Jabez W. Fitch ; Supreme Court Judge, J. W. Okey ; Supreme Court Clerk, R. J. Fanning ; Attorney-General Isaiah Pillars ; Treasurer, Anthony Howells; School Commissioner, J. J. Burns; Board of Public Works, Martin Schilder. The resolutions adopted demanded the repeal of the Resumption Act and the " remonetization " of silver. A " Workingmen,s and Greenbackers " State Convention was held in Columbus September 13. At this convention the " greenback " state ticket was withdrawn, and another nominated.• The resolutions adopted demanded repeal of the Resumption Act and " remonetization " of silver. Formidable opposition to the Republican State ticket, within the party, was made this year, led by General John Beatty, of Columbus. The opposition was grounded upon disagreement with the policy of the national administration with respect to the Southern States. The ticket was defeated. 1878. Governor Bishop was inaugurated January 14. The Military organizations taking part in the inaugural parade were the Agricultural C liege Cadets; portions of the Fourth, Sixth and Seventh Ohio National Guard; the Duquesne Blues (colored), of Springfield ; the Shelby Light Guard; Third Troop o Cavalry ; six companies of the Fourteenth Ohio National Guard ; Cleveland Gra s and Governor's Guard. The ceremonies took place in the rotunda. A reception in the Senate Chamber was arranged by the Young Men's Democratic Club. I the evening a reception and ball were given at the City Hall. Hon. George H. Pendleton was nominated for National Senator by the Democratic caucus January 10. A Prohibition State Convention was held at the Board of Trade Room Febr ary 21, and nominated a State ticket. The Republican State Convention was he d at Cincinnati June 12; temporary chairman, Judge John Welsh; permanent, illiam Lawrence. Nomi- nations : Supreme Court Judge, William White ; Secretary of State, Milton Barnes; Board of Public Works, George Paul. 456 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. The Democratic State Convention was held at the Opera House June 26 ; temporary chairman, A. T. Walling; permanent, Durbin Ward. Nominations : Secretary of State, David R. Paige ; Supreme Court Judge, Alexander F. Hume ; Board of Public Works, Rush Field. President Hayes revisited t he city July 21. The National Greenback party held a State convention at the City Hall July 23, and nominated a State ticket. Dennis Kearney, the " sandlot" orator of San Francisco, addressed a meeting at th Greenbackers August 26. A meeting of Greenbackers at the Capitol September 23 was addressed by Messrs. Keating, of Columbus, and Halpin, of Cincinnati. A Democratic meeting at the West Front October 4 was addressed by J. C. S. Blackburn. The State Association of County Auditors met at the Capitol November 26. 1879. January Eighth was celebrated by the Democracy, at the Neil House, under the auspices of the Young Men's Democratic Club. The more prominent speakers were Messrs. Pendleton, Bishop, Morgan, Ward, Converse and L. T. Neal. A Prohibition State Convention at Naughton Hall February 20 nominated a State ticket. The Republican State Convention was held at Cincinnati May 28; temporary chairman, A. T. Brinsmade; permanent, William Dennison. Nominations: Governor, Charles Foster ; Lieutenant-Governor, Andrew Hickenlooper ; Supreme Court Judge, William W. Johnson ; Attorney-General, George K. Nash ; Auditor, John F. Oglevee; Treasurer, Joseph Turney ; Board of Public Works, James Fullington. The Democratic State Convention was held at the Opera House, Columbus, June 2; temporary chairman, James B. Steedman ; permanent, Samuel F. Hunt. Nominations : Governor Thomas Ewing ; Lieutenant-Governor, A. V. Rice; Treasurer, Anthony Howells; Auditor, Charles Reemelin ; Supreme Court —Judge, William S. Gilmore, Attorney-General, Isaiah Pillars; Board of Public Works, Patrick O'Marah. lion. John Sherman, Secretary of the Treasury, visited the city May 7, and was honored with a soirée and reception at the residence of Hon. William Dennison. Thomas M. Nichol addressed a meeting at the West Front June 9, on "Honest Money. " At the same place, July 1, Joseph H. Geiger made a speech in support of Charles Foster for Governor. A Greenback-Labor" mass meeting at the West Front. August 14 was addressed by Doctor and Mrs. Lawrence, of Boston:. A Republican meeting at the City Hall in August was addressed by Hon. Carl Schurz. A September meeting at the West Front September 28 was addressed by Hon. Daniel W. Voorhes. James G. Blaine and others addressed a Republican crowd from the Neil House Balcony October 2. President and Mrs. Hayes arrived October 17 and were met at the railway station by a large concourse of people. A procession comprising military organizations and the Knights of Pythias in uniform conducted the party to the Capitol, where the President was welcomed by Governor Bishop, and made some remarks in response: A Republican " jollification " was held October 20. On December 2 a complimentary banquet was given by colored citizens, at the Second Baptist Church, to Hon. George W. •Williams, the first colored man elected to the General Assembly. 1880. Governor Charles Foster was inaugurated January 12. The inaugural parade, conducted by Adjutant-General L. M. Meily, comprised the following organizations: POLITICAL EVENTS ; 1868-1889 - 457 First Cleveland Troop, Second Troop, Fourth Regiment, O. N. G., four companies; Fifteenth Regiment, O. N. G.; Duquesne Blues, colored ; Palmer Guards; Sixth Regiment, O. N. G., four companies; Columbus Cadets ; Shelby Light Infantry ; First Regiment, O. N. G., five companies ; Cleveland 'Grays; Seventh Regiment, O. N. G., eight companies; Thirteenth Regiment, O. N. G., two companies; Third and Sixteenth Regiments, O. N. G., each one company; Fourteenth Regiment, O. N. G., and Governor’s Guard. National Senator elect James A. Garfield was given a complimentary reception in the Senate Chamber January 14. Speeches were made on this occasion by Messrs. Foster, Garfield and Ex-Governor Bishop. A Blaine Club was organized January 22, and a meeting in the interest of James G. Blaine as a candidate for the Presidency was held February 20, at the City Hall. This meeting was addressed by John Beatty, R. C. Hoffman, J. C. Covert, I. F. Mack, F. B. Roney and others. A Sherman Club was organized about the same time, with F. C. Sessions as President. A State Convention of Prohibitionists assembled at Naughton Hall March 5 and nominated a State ticket. The Republican State Convention met at Comstock’s Opera House April 28; temporary chairman, William McKinley; permanent, Benjamin Butterworth. Delegates to the National Convention were appointed and resolutions were adopted favoring John Sherman for the Presidency. Nominations : Secretary of State, Charles Townshend ; Supreme Court Judge, George W. McIlvaine ; Supreme Court Clerk, Dwight Crowell; Board of Public Works, S. R. Homer; School Commissioner, D. F. De Wolf The Democratic State Convention assembled at Comstock's Opera House May 6 ; temporary chairman, Frank H. Hurd ; permanent, George L. Converse. Delegates to t he National Convention were chosen, and instructed to favor the nomination of Allen G. Thurman for the Presidency. Another Democratic State Convention was held at Cleveland July 22 and nominated : For Secretary of State, William Lang ; Supreme Court Judge, M. D. Follett; Supreme Court Clerk, R. J. Fanning ; Board of Public Works, W. J. Jackson ; School Commissioner, J. J. Burns; Electors-at-large, R. P. Ranney and J. F. Follett. Secretary Sherman visited Columbus April 2, and was the guest of Governor Foster, at whose residence he was honored with a soiree and reception. Hon. Allen G. Thurman returned from Washington, at the close of his services in the National Senate, April 25, and was serenaded at the Neil House. The Republican National Convention was held at Chicago from the second to the eighth of June, inclusive, and nominated James A. Garfield for President. and Chester A. Arthur for Vice President. The Democratic National Convention assembled at Cincinnati June 22, and nominated W. S. Hancock for President and W. H. English- for Vice President. A State Convention of the Greenback Labor party was held at the City Hall July 28, and nominated a State ticket. Its resolutions favored payment of the war debt with legal tender paper currency and declared for woman suffrage. A Republican meeting of August 31 was addressed by John Sherman ; another of September 13 was addressed by John Beatty.; another of September 30, accompanied by a large parade, was addressed by James A. Beaver, James G. Blaine, and others. A Democratic meeting of August 28 was addressed by T. W. Bartley ; another of September 3, by A. G. Thurman and Charles E. Hooker ; another of September 21, with large parade, was addressed by George Hoadly, Franz Sigel and J. C. S. Blackburn ; another of October 9 was addressed by W. B. Cockran and S. S. Cox. A Republican jollification over the results of the election took place November 3. 1881. Hon. John Sherman was nominated for National Senator by the Republican caucus January 11. Hon. Allen G. Thurman was nominated by the Democratic 458 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. caucus for the same office January 12. Mr. Sherman, the Senatorelect, was formally received by the General Assembly and State officers at the Senate Chamber January 19. Meetings in the interest of the Irish Land League were held in Columbus February 18, June 17 and October 24. J. S. Robinson resigned the office of Commissioner of Railways and Telegraphs February 25 ; his successor, by appointment, was Hylas Sabine. The Republican State Convention was held June 8 at Cleveland ; chairman, John Sherman. Nominations: Governor, Charles Foster ; Lieutenant-Governor, R. G. Richards; Supreme Court Judge, Nicholas Longworth ; Attorney-General, George K. Nash ; Treasurer, Joseph Turney; Board of Public Works, George Paul. The Democratic State Convention was held at Comstock's Opera House July 13 ; temporary chairman, J. E. Spear ; permanent, T. E. Powell. Nominations : Governor, J. W. Bookwalter; Lieutenant-Governor, Edgar M. Johnson ; Supreme Court Judge, E. F. Bingham; Attorney-General, Frank C. Dougherty ; Treasurer, A. P. Winslow ; Board of Public Works, John Crowe. The Prohibition State Convention was held at the Board of Trade Room August 4 ; a State ticket was nominated. The Greenback-Labor party held a State Convention at the City Hall June 15, and nominated a State ticket. The assassination of President Garfield was referred to in the various pulpits of the city July 3, and prayers for the recovery of the President were offered. The assassination was first announced in the morning papers of Saturday July 2, and caused, for a time, a virtual suspension of business. Deep anxiety on account of the event was felt throughout the community. On July 4 the festivals usual to that anniversary gave place to public mourning and 'devotional services in the churches. The death of the President was announced September 20, and in consequence of this sad event the schools were dismissed, and the public buildings dressed in mourning. Resolutions of sorrow and condolence were adopted by numerous military and social organizations. On. September 26—the day of the President's funeral at Cleveland—a meeting of citizens was held and numerous addresses appropriate to the occasion were delivered. The day was further solemnized by the firing of minute guns, closing of the schools, and suspension of business. A Lodge of Sorrow was celebrated by the Masonic bodies in joint assembly, and a memorial meeting was held at the Turners' Hall. An alleged disturbance of a Republican parade on Chestnut Street September 30 caused some excitement and discussion. 1882. A so called Sunday Law Mass Convention of the State was held at the City Hall May 2 ; temporary chairman, S. H. Hurst ; permanent, Richard Smith. Resolutions were adopted favoring more stringent control of the liquor traffic, and measures for the total suppression of the traffic on Sunday. The Republican State Convention was held at the Opera House June 7 ; temporary chairman, D. A. Hollingsworth ; permanent, R. P. Kennedy. Nominations : Secretary of State, Charles Townshend ; Supreme Court Judge, John H. Doyle ; Board of Public Works, C. A. Flickinger. The Democratic State Convention was held in Columbus July 20; temporary chairman, J. F. Follett; permanent, George H. Pendleton. Nominations : Secretary of State, James W. Newman ; Supreme Court Judge, John W. Okey ; Board of Public Works, Henry Weibel. A Woman Suffrage State Convention was held in Columbus August 2, and a State Association organized. A Democratic " jollification " over the results of the election took place October 20. POLITICAL EVENTS ; 1868-1889 - 459 1883. The Republican State Convention was held at Comstock,s Opera House June 5; temporary chairman,- S. P. Wolcott ; permanent, John Sherman. Nominations : Governor, J. B. Foraker ; Lieutenant-Governor, William B. Rose ; Supreme Court Judges, William H. Upson and John H. .Doyle; Supreme Court Clerk, Dwight Crowell ; Attorney General, M. B. Earnhart ; Auditor, John F. Oglevee ; Treasurer, John C. Brown ; School Commissioner, Daniel DeWolf; Board of Public Works, Leo Weitz. The Democratic State Convention assembled at Comstock's Opera House June 20; chairman, John McSweeney. Nominations : Gov.- ernor, George Hoadly ; Lieutenant-Governor, John T. Warwick ; Supreme Court Judges, M. D. Follett and Selwyn Owen ; Supreme Court Clerk, J. W. Cruikshank ; Attorney-General, James Lawrence ; Auditor, Emil Kiesewetter ; Treasurer, Peter Brady ; School Commissioner, Leroy D. Brown ; Board of Public Works, John P. Martin. A State Convention of Prohibitionists met in Columbus, June 14, and nominated a State ticket. A State Convention favorable to the pending constitutional amendment prohibitory of the liquor traffic met at the City Hall, July 24, and organized a State Association. A large evening meeting was held in the Capitol Square. On August 21, a Tariff Club was organized by. L. Sanial, an agent of the New York Tariff League. State conventions of colored citizens were held in Columbus, September 20 and December 26. A Democratic " jollification " over the results of the election took place October 19. 1884. Henry B. Payne was declared elected National Senator, January 16, and on the following evening gave a banquet to his partisans at the Neil House. Governor George Hoadly was inaugurated January 14. All display was avoided except an escort of Democratic clubs. The ceremonies took place in the rotunda. The oath of office was administered by Chief Justice Johnson. William Redmond, a member of the British Parliament, delivered an address on the rights and wrongs of Ireland at the City Hall, February 3. The Republican State Convention was held at Cleveland, April 24-25; temporary chairman, C. H. Grosvenor ; permanent, William McKinley. Nominations: Secretary of State, James S. Robinson ; Supreme Court Judge, W. W. Johnson ; Board of Public Works, C. A. Flickinger ; Electors at-Large, John Beatty and J. M. Comly. The Democratic State Convention was held at Comstock’s Opera House, June 24-25 ; chairman, E. B. Finley. Nominations : Secretary of State, James W. Newman ; Supreme Court Judge, C. 1). Martin ; Board of Public Works, John H. Benfer. The Prohibition State Convention was held at the City Hall, June 18, and nominated a State ticket. A previous convention of the same party, at the same place, March 6, had appointed delegates to the National convention, at Pittsburgh. The Republican National Convention was held at Chicago, June 3-6, and nominated James G. Blaine for the Presidency And John A. Logan, for the Vice Presidency. The Democratic National Convention was held at Chicago, July 7-11, and nominated Grover Cleveland for President and Thomas A. Hendricks for Vice President. The Prohibitionist National Convention, at Pittsburgh, July 23-24, nominated John P. St. John for President and William Daniel for Vice President. A socalled Second Amendment Convention was hell at Columbus June 25, and organized an "Ohio Voters, Union." On September 25, a Democratic meeting, accompanied by an extensive parade of Democratic clubs, was addressed by A. G. Thurman, George 460 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. H. Pendleton, Thomas F. Bayard, H. B. Payne and others. An Ohio Democratic Club, embracing all the local clubs of the State, was organized. The largest Republican meeting of the campaign took place October 3, and was signalized by the presence of Hon. James G. Blaine, candidate for the Presidency. A parade, in four divisions, led by M. H. Neil, escorted Mr. Blaine from the railway station to the Neil House, where he was introduced by Ex-Governor Foster, and spoke from the balcony. Other speakers of the occasion were Channing Richards, C. A. Boutelle, W. H. Gibson, John Beatty, Allen Miller and Stewart L. Woodford. On October 9, Mr. Blaine was again in Columbus, and sojourned over night with his relative, T. Ewing Miller. A Republican "jollification" over the results of the October elections took place October 24. The Democrats "jollified " over the outcome of the National election November 12. 1885. A State Convention of Democratic Clubs was held at Gamble Hall January 8. On the same date a banquet was held, in honor of the anniversary at the City Hall. Among the distinguished Democratic speakers of these occasions were A. G. Thurman, J. W. Denver, Gibson B. Atherton, Samuel F. Cary, Joseph H. Outhwaite, Durbin Ward, W. J. Gilmore, H. B. Payne, G. H. Barger and Thomas E. Powell. A Republican County Convention, held at the City Hall June 6, selected delegates to the State Convention and instructed them to vote for the nomination of John Beatty for Governor. The Republican State. Convention was held June 6, at Springfield; temporary chairman, J. D. Taylor; permanent, Amos Townshend. Nominations: Governor, J. B. Foraker ; Lieutenant-Governor, R. P. Kennedy; Supreme Court Judge, George W. McIlvaine; Treasurer, John C. Brown ; Attorney-General, J. A. Kohler ; Board of Public Works; Wells S. Jones. The Democratic State Convention was held at the Grand Opera House August 20 ; chairman, John F. Follett. Nominations : Governor, George Hoadly ; Lieutenant-Governor, John G. Warwick ; Supreme Court Judges, C. D. Martin and Gibson B. Atherton ; Treasurer, Peter Brady ; Attorney-General, James Lawrence; Board of Public. Works, Henry Weible. On August 20 the Republican State Central Committee met in Columbus and nominated William T. Spear as Supreme Court Judge to fill a vacancy caused by the death of Judge Okey. The same committee met September 3 and nominated T. A. Minshall for Judge in lieu of Hon. G. W. McIlvaine, then lying in mortal illness. The Prohibition State Convention was held July 2 at Springfield. A political association styling itself the Garfield Club was incorporated July 22. On July 30 announcement was made of the appointment of Hon. Joseph Falkenbach as Consul to Barmen. An attempted fraud in the count of votes cast in the city at the October election of this year was a cause of much excitement and prolonged controversy. The fraud consisted in the surreptitious alteration of the tallysheet of precinct A, in the Thirteenth Ward, by changing the figures in such- a' way as to add three hundred votes to the number cast and recorded for each Democratic candidate. This, with similar frauds attempted in Hamilton County would, if successful, have given the Democrats a majority in the General Assembly, and enabled them to elect a United States Senator. In Columbus the fraud was committed by abstracting the returns from the safe of the County Clerk on Saturday night and altering them during that night and the following Sunday. After alteration the returns were replaced in the safe. This crime caused great indignation, which was by no means confined to the Republican party. Democrats and Republicans alike made diligent efforts to detect and punish the perpetrators of the fraud, and POLITICAL EVENTS; 1868-1889 - 461 in this they were zealously seconded by the great ability and legal acumen of the Hon. Allen G. Thurman. Nevertheless, no satisfactory results were attained. Strong suspicions were formed in the public mind as to the identity of the guilty persons, but as yet no one has been positively convicted of the crime. The case illustrates the difficulties peculiar to popular government in the prosecution and punishment of purely political offenses. 1886. Governor J. B. Foraker was inaugurated January 11. The inauguration parade, led by Henry M. Neil, Chief Marshal, included a large number of political and military organizations. The ceremonies took place in the rotunda. In the evening a reception was held in the Senate Chamber. On January 12 Hon. John Sherman was reelected to the National Senate ; on January 14 he was received by the General Assembly in the Senate Chamber. A meeting at Comstock's Opera House January 15, under the auspices of the National Land League, was accompanied by a parade of Irish societies, and was addressed by Bishop Watterson, John Beatty, D. J. Ryan, H. J. Booth, T. E. Powell, and others. A Board of Elections, created by statute, held its first meeting March 1. A Parnell Society was organized March 3 ; President, M. A. Daugherty ; Secretary, James Caren ; Treasurer, John Beatty. On May 5 the Democratic Senators absented themselves in order to prevent the Republicans from having a quorum wherewith to seat the Hamilton County members who had been counted out in the tallysheet frauds. The fugitives were contemptuously called " squaw Senators." They returned May 19 from a soujourn in the Southern States. The Democratic State Convention was held at Toledo August 18 ; chairman, E. B. Finley. Nominations: Secretary of State, John McBride; Board of Public Works, Louis Ludwig. The Republican State Convention was held at the Armory, on West Spring Street, August 28 ; temporary chairman, E. F. Noyes; permanent, J. B. Foraker. Nominations : Secretary of State, J. S. Robinson ; Supreme Court Judge, Marshall J. Williams; Supreme Court Clerk, Urban H. Hester ; School Commissioner, Eli T. Tappan ; Board of Public Works, William M. Hahn. Michael Davitt, the Irish agitator, arrived November 11 and was escorted by the Hibernian societies and a committee of citizens. Mr. Davitt delivered an address at the Metropolitan Opera House. During the latter part of December the following persons were indicted by a special grand jury for alleged complicity in the tallysheet forgeries: R. B. and C. R. Montgomery, Algernon Granville, Otto W. Horn, B. H. Marriott, John Francis and C. T. Blackburn. 1887. The Democratic State Convention assembled July 21, at Cleveland ; chairman, George E. Seney. Nominations : Governor, Thomas E. Powell; Lieutenant-Governor, DeWitt C. Coolman ; Supreme Court Judges, L. R. Critchfield and Virgil P. Kline ; Treasurer, George W. Harper ; Attorney-General, William H. Leet ; Board of Public Works, Peter Murphy. The Republican State Convention was held at Toledo July 28 ; chairman John Sherman. Nominations : Governor, J. B. Foraker ; Lieutenant-Governor, William C. Lyon ; Supreme Court Judges, William T. Speer and F. J. Dickman ; Auditor, E. W. Poe ; Treasurer, John C. Brown ; Attorney-General, D. K. Watson ; Board of Public Works, C. A. Flickinger. The Prohibition State Convention was held at Delaware June 30. A 462 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. State Convention of the " Union Labor " party was held at the City Hall July 4. A long platform was adopted and a State ticket nominated. The first registration under the new registry law began October 13. A Republican meeting at the Fourteenth Regiment Armory October 29 was addressed by Governor J. B. Foraker. A Democratic meeting at the City Hall October 31 was addressed by General J. B. Gordon, of Georgia. Lucy E. Parsons, a Chicago anarchist, was arrested and imprisoned March 10 by Mayor Walcutt. Mrs. Parsons was released from custody March 12. 1888. Hon. J. B. Foraker was inaugurated for the second time as Governor Janu ary 9. The inauguration parade, which was extensive, was organized and led by John G. Mitchell. The ceremonies were attended by a large number of visiting organizations. A banquet of the Republican League Clubs was held at the Wells Post Hall February 13. The Democratic Clubs of Ohio held a delegate convention at Wirthwein's Hall March 21, and organized a State League. The jury in the case of R. B. Montgomery, accused of complicity in the tally sheet forgeries, disagreed March 24. This practically ended the prosecutions in Columbus. Allen O. Myers, in whose case -a change of venue to London, Ohio, was obtained, was there acquitted December 23. No further prosecutions were attempted. The Republican State Convention was held at Dayton April 18-19; temporary chairman, J. W. Keifer ; permanent, E. L. Lampson. Nominations : Secretary of State, D. J. Ryan ; Supreme Court Judge, J. P. Bradbury ; Board of Public Works, Wells S. Jones; Electors-at-Large, A. H. Mattox and I. P. Lampson ; Delegates-at-Large, J. B. Foraker, Charles Foster, William McKinley and Benjamin Butterworth. The Democratic State Convention assembled at Dayton May 15 ; chairman, S. F. Hunt. Nominations : Secretary of State, Boston G. Young ; Supreme Court Judge, Lyman R. Critchfield Board of Public Works, James Emmit ; Electors-at-Large, W. D. Hill and W. W. Ellsbury ; Delegates-at-Large, T. E. Powell, C. S. Brice, C. W. Baker and L. F. Holden. The Democratic National Convention assembled at St. Louis June 5 and nominated Grover Cleveland for President and Allen G. Thurman for Vice President. The Republican National Convention Assembled at Chicago June 19, and nominated Benjamin Harrison for President and Levi P. Morton for Vice President. When Judge Thurman was first apprised of his nomination for the Vice Presidency, he was quietly reading in his library. Laying aside his book, he stated that he had not sought the nomination, or desired it. Being assured that it had been made without opposition, he said : " You are mistaken. There was vigorous opposition in this very house. Mrs. Thurman opposed it, and she is a pretty strong factor around here." Telegraphic congratulations soon began to pour in upon the "Old Roman,” as Judge Thurman was politically styled, by the score. During the days immediately succeeding the convention a great many persons, including delegates from distant States, called to congratulate him personally. The formal notification of his nomination was communicated to him at his residence, by a committee of the National Convention, June 28. Among the political organizations incident to the canvass were the Old Roman Guard and the Harrisonians of 1840. 1889. A joint legislative committee appointed to revise the tax laws of the State was addressed January 9, by Henry George and Thomas G. Shearman, of New POLITICAL EVENTS; 1868-1889 - 463 York, and Thomas L. Johnson, of Cleveland. A conference of delegates of single tax clubs at which these speakers were present, was held at the Wells Post Hall, January 10. A meeting of the Ohio Woman Suffrage Association was held in the Masonic Cathedral, January 14. Lincoln's birthday anniversary was celebrated by a banquet of the Ohio League of Republican Clubs at Wirth wein's Hall, February 12. Benjamin Harrison, President elect, passed through Columbus, en route to Washington to assume the duties of the Presidency February 25. He was greeted at the railway station by local political clubs and a large crowd. The Republican State Convention assembled at the Metropolitan Opera House June 25-26 ; chairman, W. C. Cooper. Nominations: Governor, J. B. Foraker Lieutenant-Governor, E. L. Lampson ; Supreme Court Judges, Franklin J. Dickman ; Treasurer, John C. Brown ; Attorney-General, D. K. Watson; School Commissioner, John Hancock ; Supreme Court Clerk, Urban H. Hester ; Board of Public Works, W. M. Hahn. Contemporaneously with this convention a state assembly of the Ohio Republican League was held at the City Hall. The Democratic State Convention was held at Dayton, August 27-28; chairman, M. D. Harter. Nominations: Governor, James E. Campbell ; Lieutenant-Governor; William V. Marquis; Supreme Court Judge, M. D. Follett; Treasurer, W. E. Boden ; Supreme Court Clerk, I. J. C. Shumaker; Attorney-General, Jessie M. Lewis ; School Commissioner, Charles C. Miller; Board of Public Works, Frank Reynolds. A Republican meeting; held at the Board of Trade auditorium October 25, was addressed by Senator Sherman • a Democratic meeting at the. same place November1, was addressed by A. G. Thurman, Isaac P. Gray, Isaac M. Jordan and George L. Converse. THE MUNICIPALITY CHAPTER XXX. COUNCIL, MAYORALTY AND POLICE-I. The Borough of Columbus began its corporate existence pursuant to an act of the General Assembly passed February 10, 1816. Some of the circumstances incidental to this new birth among the infant cities of Ohio have been narrated in Chapter XIV of the preceding volume. The act of incorporation fixed the boundaries of the borough, specified the duties and mode of selection of its officers, and empowered its collective functionaries, as "a body corporate and politic to purchase, receive, possess and convey any real or personal estate for the use of the said town of Columbus," provided the annual income thereof should not exceed four thousand dollars. The officials thus empowered were nine in number, chosen by ballot and designated as " the mayor, recorder and common councilmen of said town." The law required that they should be "suitable persons "—a very important provision— and that they should also be " citizens, freeholders or housekeepers, and inhabitants." Three of the nine retired annually, the full term of service being three years. They might sue and be sued and were authorized to have a common seal, which they could salter at discretion. They were further authorized to appoint an assessor, a town marshal, a clerk of the market, a town surveyor, and such other subordinate officers as they might deem necessary. They could award fees to the recorder and other corporation officers for their services, and might impose fines for refusal to accept such offices. They had power to levy taxes within the borough, except on State property, which was specifically exempted, but no tax might exceed the rates prescribed for county purposes. Public buildings might be erected or repaired, as necessary, and laws and ordinances for the government of the borough passed and published. The mayor was vested with the powers of a justice of the peace within the corporation, and was entitled to the same emoluments. He could administer oaths, levy reasonable fines, and direct the marshal to collect such fines by distraint of property. Appeals from his decisions might be taken to the Court of Common Pleas. The annual borough election was set for the first Monday in May, beginning at twelve o'clock meridian, and closing at four o'clock in the afternoon. Notice of an election had to be posted "in five of the most public places in said town." Vacancies in the offices of mayor, recorder and treasurer were filled by the common council, and vacancies in the council were filled by choice from the electors by the mayor, recorder, treasurer and councilmen. In the absence or inability of the mayor, his functions were performed by the recorder. The county jail was used for the imprisonment of offenders. Finally we have the freedom of the town conferred upon live stock in the following words : " No law shall ever be made by this corporation subjecting cattle, sheep or hogs, not belonging to any of the residents of said borough, to be abused or taken up and sold for corning within the bounds thereof." [467] 468 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Thus began the borough government. It continued eighteen years. Acts amendatory to that of incorporation were passed January 18, 1818, and January 31, 1822. By the first of these, councilmen were forbidden to receive compensation for their services, the State property was exempted from taxation within the corporate limits, and these were declared to include " the inlots in the town of South Columbus." The second amendatory act related merely to the places and notices of elections. Having been elected and organized pursuant to law, as narrated in a preceding chapter,' the original borough council proceeded at once to business. The Mayor-elect, Jarvis Pike, was, duly sworn into office by Michael Patton, one of the councilmen, and the councilmen received their oaths of office from the mayor. Rules were adopted which provided that the council should meet at the mayor's office on the second Monday of each month, at one o'clock in the afternoon ; that six members should constitute a quorum ; and that absentees should be fined at discretion not more than two dollars. In May, 1820, the fine for nonattendance was reduced to one dollar, which might be remitted at the next meeting, but unless paid or remitted, the delinquent member could not vote as to remitting the fine of a fellow member. The fees of the town surveyor were prescribed ; those of the recorder were fixed at twelve and onehalf cents for each one hundred words written for the use of the corporation. The marshal was allowed eighty and the clerk of the market thirtyfive dollars per year; the treasurer five per cent. on all money received ; the assessor one dollar and fifty cents per day; the councilmen each " one dollar and fifty cents for each and every day employed in transacting the business of the corporation." A device for a corporation seal was adopted bearing the words, Seal of the Borough of Columbus, surrounding an eagle. The surveyor was required to set suitable stones " at the corners of all lots where the streets intersect." On July, 1816, a tax levy of one thousand dollars was ordered, including a tax on dogs of fifty cents apiece. One quarter of one per cent. was levied on all in-and outlots, and onesixth of one per cent. on all improvements. One of the early ordinances required that the carcasses of all animals dying within the borough " west of Fourth Street or within twenty poles of Broad Street " should be " removed as soon as possible at least thirty poles east of Fourth Street and at least twenty poles from Broad Street." The discharge of firearms within the borough west of Fourth Street was prohibited by ordinance of June 10, which further declared that no person should " gallup or run any horse, mare or gelding " in any street west of Fourth Street on pain of a fine of from twenty-five cents to two dollars. An amendment of November 19 likewise inhibited the running of " any mule or ass," and raised the penalty from fifty cents to three dollars. "Stageplays" were regulated by ordinanCe of May 23. On the same date the council decided to build a markethouse but failed to come to an agreement as to the street on which it should be placed. Town, State and Broad Streets were rejected. On May 27, 1816, the subject again came up, and the council after rejecting Town Street west and Broad Street east of High as the location for the building, decided to erect it on West State. During the proceedings on this occasion reference was made to the purchase of an old market-house which, as no previous notice of it appears upon the record, had probably been built prior to the incorporation of the borough. On July 25, 1816, a contract for erection of the new markethouse was closed by the Mayor and Council with John Shields. Pursuant to this contract the building was to extend sixty feet west from a point twenty feet west of High Street, and was to be two stories in height, the use of the upper story being awarded to Shields as his compensation under the agreement. Butchers were forbidden by ordinance to erect any slaughterhouse west of Fourth Street. On August 12, 1816, the Borough Council appointed C. Houston, J. Cutler and J. Armstrong as members of a committee to procure a suitable print or engraving COUNCIL, MAYORALTY AND POLICE-I - 469 for small notes to be issued by this corporation," and on September 9, next following, this committee reported that it had provided an issue of " small notes" comprising the following amounts and denominations: 120 at 75c; 454 at 50c 464 at 25c; 836 at 12/c and 212 at 6 1/4c ; total, $555.75. On May 24, 1819, the borough treasurer reported that lie had redeemed these notes to the amount of $331.75. On July 15, 1817, a borough tax was levied of " onehalf per cent " on all lots within the corporation, and " onequarter per cent on the value of all improvements. On May 10, same year, the council made declaration that a frame building " commonly called the old markethouse," then standing on High Street, near the intersection of Rich, was a public nuisance, and ought to be removed. 1818.—On May 30, a case of smallpox having been reported in the borough, an ordinance was passed requiring removal of all infected persons " to a convenient and safe distance," and Messrs. McCoy, Heyl and Kerr were appointed a " committee of safety." By an amendment to the charter, three additional councilmen were allowed, making nine in all, which number was elected. The use of one of the lower committee rooms of the Statehouse for the sittings of the council was granted by the Governor. On May 29, a common pound for estray animals was established and the marshal's fees for taking them up were specified. Ball alleys in connection with taverns and other places of public resort were forbidden. Market hours were appointed beginning at fifteen minutes before sunrise and continuing until ten o'clock, on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and it was made unlawful to sell or purchase " any article of marketing anywhere within the borough " during those hours, except at the markethouse. William H. Richardson was appointed Clerk of the Market. 1819.—On May 10, R Osborn was appointed to make up an agreed case to test the question as to the power of the borough to " levy and collect" a tax. Dogs were taxed one dollar each when owned singly, but the owner of more than one paid a tax of five dollars on each additional male and one of six dollars on each additional female. Butter offered in the market had to be sold in pound or halfpound cakes or rolls, and if short in weight, was forfeited. 1820.—On May 18, the council adopted a " common seal for the Borough of Columbus," its device being " a front view of the Statehouse " surrounded by the words Corporation of Columbus, Ohio. The rules of the council were so amended as to exclude spectators from its sittings except when permitted to be present by a majority of the members. An ordinance relating to the town surveyor designated the northwest corner of the Statehouse Square as the beginning point for all surveys.' The marshal's salary was raised to $150 per annum. Thomas Ewing, attorney for Jewett & Smith, proposed to lease their dam and mill, on the Scioto, to the council, which finally offered $500 for control of the dam for two and a half years. The obstruction of the current by the dam was believed to be a a cause of sickness. The tax on in- and outlots was fixed at onehalf, and on improvements at one quarter of one per cent. Olmsted, Jeffords and Kerr were appointed a committee on nuisances ; a committee on the markethouse was also named, and a member was charged with the duty of ascertaining by what title the corporation held " a certain lot of ground used as a burying ground," and to obtain, if possible, a deed for the same. John Kerr was appointed to " view and order a road to be opened from Columbus to the [North] Graveyard." 1821. —The County Recorder was allowed a fee of one dollar for recording a conveyance from John Kerr and wife for one and a quarter acres of land in the North Graveyard. On August 9 the council passed an ordinance containing the following quaint and significant passages: Whereas, many evil disposed persons create disturbances at night in this Borough, and cemmit many offenses with impunity when the good citizens are at rest ; Therefore 470 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. SECTION 1. Be it ordained by the Mayor and Council of the Borough of Columbus, That there shall be a watch regularly established in said Borough, to commence their routes at ten of the clock, P. M., and continue until five of the clock A. M. of each night in the week. which shall consist of all the able-bodied white male inhabitants of said Borough, who shall be under the direction of the Mayor and Council of said Borough. SECTION 2. That the Borough shall be divided into four districts, for each of which the town marshal shall notify as many persons as may be necessary to constitute a patrole for every night, at least three hours before the time of meeting, so long as the same may be considered expedient by the Mayor and Council ; and if any person on being notified to serve on the patrole shall neglect or refuse to do so, for such neglect or refusal he shall be subject to a fine of one dollar, which may be remitted by the Mayor upon a reasonable excuse being given under oath. SECTION 3. That the Mayer of said Borough shall make out and 'subscribe for each person composing the watch a certificate in substance as follows Borough of Columbus [day of the week — day of the month]. A. B. is appointed watch for this evening. _____ _____ , MAYOR. SECTION 4. That it shall be the duty of any person composing said watch to arrest and detain any disorderly or suspected person or persons found in said Borough between the hours of ten of the clock P. M., and five of the clock A. M., and to detain such disorderly or suspected persons until sunrise, when he, she or they shall be brought before the Mayor of said borough for examination. 1822. —On March 16 the council provided by resolution that all orders on the borough should draw interest after one year, and prohibited the marshal from receiving them at a discount. John Kerr, James Kooken and Robert W. McCoy, appointed as a committee on the finances of the corporation, reported May 12, showing funds and resources amounting to $1,134.80, and an indebtedness of $351.46, leaving a balance due the borough of $883.34. An ordinance of September 14 provided that swine running at large west of Fourth Street, if belong ing to citizens of the borough, might be taken up by the marshal and sold to the highest bidder. 1823. —On April 15 Messrs. Kerr, McCoy and McElvain were instructed as a committee to investigate and report upon the powers of the council with respect to persons of the African race within the borough. This committee reported, April 24, that the township overseers of the poor had power to remove all such persons from the township who had not acquired a legal settlement, and recommended that the marshal hold a conference with the overseers with respect to application of their powers for the removal of all " disorderly black or mulatto persons" found within the borough. On November 10 a committee was appointed "to regulate the weight and price of baker's bread." 1824. —By resolution of October 18 it was declared that " their shall be a Regular Saxton [sexton] appointed by the Council." 1825. — On April 1 R. D. McCoy and James Robinson were appointed on the part of the council, and Nathaniel McLean, Gustavus Swan, R. Osborn, Lyne Starling and Henry Brown on the part of the citizens, as members of a committee to receive General Lafayette who was then expected to but did not visit the capital of Ohio. 1826.— By an act of the General Assembly passed January 30 the jurisdiction of the corporation was limited to the inlots. 1827. An ordinance of March 12 required that the gutters on High Street from Broad "to the alley on the north side of the Mound " should be " made of suitable width " and a pavement three feet wide, including the gutter, should be laid "with small stones" under direction of the street committee. A newspaper writer of April 19 praises the streets, but acknowledges that the " public alleys are almost impassable, and have remained a perfect nuisance for a considerable time." An ordinance of August 17 prohibits the establishment of any " ninepin alley, ball alley or gambling house or place for gambling of any kind whatever." Section two of the same ordinance declares: COUNCIL, MAYORALTY AND POLICE—I - 471 That if any person or persons shall be found serenading or attempting to serenade any individual or individuals, or making any unnecessary noise and disturbance, either with drums, bells, fifes, horns, pans, kettles or any other thing whatever, so as to harass and disturb any citizen or citizens of said borough, every such offender upon conviction thereef shall be fined in any sum not exceeding ten dollars, or be imprisoned in the jail of the county not exceeding twentyfour hours, or both, at the discretion of the Mayor. Another ordinance of December 6 declared : That no person shall be permitted to engage, buy or sell any marketing of any kind or description, except buying or selling meat from butchers, on any of the market days established by ordinance, before market hours, which shall be known by ringing of the bell. 1828. —An ordinance of August 28 lays punishments upon any person found within the borough in a state of intoxication, engaged in disorderly behavior, or " strolling about the streets or alleys of said borough apparently with an improper or evil design," after ten o'clock at night. 1829.— An ordinance of March 29 contains these clauses : "No person or persons shall be permitted to keep a grocery, confectionery, alehouse or shop, or any place where ardent or other spirits or liquors are sold in less quantity than a quart within said borough, licensed tavernkeepers excepted, without having first obtained a license from the Mayor." This ordinance further requires that any person intending to apply for a license should give notice 'of such intention in " three of the most public places in said borough " at least ten days before the sitting of the council, and authorizes the mayor and council to fix the amount to be paid for such license. The fee ranged from five to fifty dollars. An ordinance for the preservation of the peace and good morals of the borough of Columbus," passed September 3, subjects to fine and imprisonment all vagrants, idlers, and riotous or lewd persons guilty of disorderly or indecent behavior ; also all persons found intoxicated, or " strolling about the streets or alleys of said borough, apparently with an improper or evil design, after ten o'clock at night, without giving satisfactory evidence of the honesty of their intentions." An additional ordinance for the suppression of gaming within the borough was passed September 3. A. I. McDowell was granted the privilege of erecting a bathhouse on Spring Street, conditioned upon the annual payment of one dollar. 1830.—On January 8, an ordinance was passed directing that a market should be held, under direction of the clerk of the same, in the new building on State Street, on Wednesday and Saturday morning of each week ; that the street should be kept clear of filth and unobstructed by " wagons, carts, horses or oxen ;" and declaring That the two west stalls and benches in the market house are reserved for the use of the country people ; and the Clerk of the Market shall charge 25 cents for each beef, 12 1/2 cents for each hog, and 6 1/4 cents for each calf or sheep that is cut up or sold in the market-house, and pay the same into the treasury for the use of the corporation. Another ordinance of same date provided that " a building suitable for hay scales shall be erected on the alley south of and adjoining the lot on which the German church in Columbus is situate ;" that a weigher should be appointed ; that certain fees for weighing might be charged ; that 2,400 pounds should constitute a ton of hay ; and that selling hay without having it weighed should be unlawful. Au ordinance for " protection of the borough of Columbus against damage by powder," passed January 18, requires that gunpowder for retail shall be kept " in a good canister made of tin or copper," and that when more than one canister is kept, the additional quantity should be put into a good brick or stone powderhouse on the back part of some lot. Resolutions of February 12 declare that, " whereas the location of the National Road through the county by the Gen- 472 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. eral Government is a matter in which the people generally have felt great interest, and particularly the citizens of this borough," and whereas the location, as made, is satisfactory to the people of the borough ; therefore " High Street, so far as the National Road shall run in the same, shall be made to the satisfaction of the Superintendent [Jonathan Wright] and kept in good repair at the expense of the corporation." The ordinance further directed that a plat of the borough be made and submitted, with these resolutions, to the superintendent of the road for transmission to the Secretary of War. An ordinance of June 21, provides for the appointment of an engineer, and directs him to "commence and prosecute the grading and making a wharf on the east band of the Scioto River adjacent to the town of Columbus, beginning at or near the run above Broad Street, thence down the river to Town Street, including said street, the distance of which is computed at about 1,250 feet ; the improvement to be made and completed agreeably to a plan and description submitted to the Council by Joseph Ridgway, Junior, and such .other additions as may be directed by the Council." The ordinance proceeds to provide for a wharfing fund, to be managed by three commissioners, who were authorized to borrow $6,000 on " transferable certificates of stock of not more than $500 each," redeemable at the pleasure of the corporation "between the first day of 1834 and 1844." R. W. McCoy, Joel Buttles and I. L. Goodale were appointed commissioners in pursuance of this ordinance. An ordinance of June 21 directs that the sidewalks on State Street shall be paved, " from High Street west to the alley." An ordinance of August 12, framed with usual clumsiness and redundancy of language, begins with the following : "Whereas, much uneasiness and great danger is apprehended on account of Blacksmith shops within the Borough, having lately taken fire, and from their situation and construction calculated when on fire to communicate the same to adjoining buildings, thereby jeopardizing the property of many citizens." The ordinance therefore provides that all such shops shall thereafter be built of brick, and regulates the construction of hearths and forges. 1831—An ordinance of June 10 directs that during the months of June, July, August and September the market shall be held on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. In June proposals for grading and finishing State Street west of the markethouse were invited. An ordinance of June 27 amending the liquor-license regulations, requires that "all applications for license to keep a grocery, and retail spirituous liquors, shall be made in writing and subscribed by at least twentyfour respectable householders of said borough, certifying that the applicant is a proper person to keep a grocery and retail spirituous liquors." This ordinance contained the following Sunday-closing section : That if any person or persons licensed agreeably to the provisions of this ordinance, shall sell, barter or bargain for any spirituous liquors, or suffer or permit the same to be drank in his, her or their grocery, or on his or their premises, on the first day of the week commonly called Sunday, he, she or they so offending shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in a sum of not more than twenty dollars nor less than five dollars, and shall thereupon forfeit his or their license, and shall not be relicensed for the space of one year thereafter. 1832—April 9 : "If any person or persons shall dig up any of the streets, lanes or alleys of said Borough for the purpose of making brick, or dig any pit or hole, or in any manner dig up the streets, lanes or alleys to the hindrance of travellers or others," the persons so offending shall be fined. June 11 : Sidewalk pavements ten feet wide and made of " good sand brick with good stone curb on the outer edge," ordered to be put down on all the Broad Street lots between High Street and the river. The width of such pavements on State Street was fixed at eight feet. July 13 : " There shall be permanent stones sunk in the ground " in the common centre of Front, High and Third streets, and the streets by which these are crossed. COUNCIL, MAYORALTY AND POLICE-I - 473 1833.—This being the cholera year some attention was given to the condition of the streets, which was evidently one of great uncleanness. A newspaper contributor writing on May 25 calls attention to a heap of " filthy trash " on Lusk's Lane, between Town and Rich streets, and says : When that nuisance is cleaned out of the highway we can then feel a freedom to invite your attention to other public highways in Columbus, the present situation of which is a gross impediment even to a footman, almost impassable with .a carriage, and too filthy to be endured without complaining." In May the following street committee was appointed : Robert W. McCoy, Christian Heyl, Samuel Parsons, Robert Riardon, George Jeffries and Jonathan Neercamer. Messrs. McCoy and Jeffries were delegated to provide a safe place for the keeping of powder. Among numerous street improvements ordered were these : Repair of the bridge at the end of East Public Lane ; repair of the bridge at the south end of High Street ; graveling of High Street south of the bridge ; construction of a culvert in Rich Street at Front ; filling of holes in Front Strect, entire length ; graveling of Third Street, on both sides of Lizard Creek ; repair of two culverts on Lizard Creek, on Fourth Street ; drainage of pond at the east end of State Street, opposite Judge Parish's ; culvert at the east end of Town Street ; opening of gutter on Fourth Street south of State; repair of High Street from Friend to Broad ; and street repairs at the markethouse. Manifestly the cholera produced one useful result, if no other, in bestirring the easygoing villagers to open their chokedup gutters and culverts, drain their stagnant pools and remove the rotting garbageheaps which gorged their neglected alleys. NOTES. 1. Chapter XIX, Volume 1. 2. An old citizen informs the author that when the first iron fence around the Capitol Square was built, the stones set by State Director Joel Wright when he made the original survey of the town were found in pesition. CHAPTER XXXI. COUNCIL, MAYORALTY AND POLICE—II. The year 1834 begins the life of the capital as a city. The act of the General Assembly usually referred to as the " first city charter," entitled " an act to incorporate the City of Columbus in the State of Ohio," was passed and became a law May 3. That act repealed the borough charter of February 10, 1816, with all the acts amendatory thereto, and inaugurated an entirely new municipal regime. Its initial section defines the boundaries of the city in the following terms So much of the county of Franklin as is comprised within the following limits, to wit: Beginning at a point where the southwest corner of the new penitentiary lot bounds on the Scioto river, thence north with the west line of said lot to the north side of Public Lane, thence east with Public Lane to the east side of Fourth Street, thence south with the east side of Fourth Street to Broad Street: thence east with the north side of Broad Street to the east side of Seventh Street, thence south with the east side of Seventh Street to South Public Lane, thence west with the south side of Public Lane to the Alley which is the east boundary of South Columbus, thence with the south side of said Alley or Lane to the west side of the Alley or Street which is the western boundary of South Columbus, thence north with the west side of said Alley or Street to the south side of South Public Lane, thence west to the west side of the Columbus Feeder, so as to include the towpath, thence north with said towpath to the Scioto River, and in the same direction across said river, thence up the west side of said river and with the meanders until a line drawn due north will reach the place of beginning. The territories thus bounded, and the inhabitants thereof, the act declares, " are created a body corporate and politic, with perpetual succession, by the name and style of the City of Columbus," capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being impleaded and of holding and conveying real estate ; and competent to " have, receive and enjoy all the rights, immunities, powers and privileges, and be subject to all the duties and obligations incumbent upon and appertaining to a municipal corporation." The act divided the city into three wards, thus defined : " The first ward shall comprise all the territory north of the centre of State Street; the second ward all between the centre of State and the centre of Rich streets; and the third ward all south of the centre of Rich Street." The powers of the corporation were, vested by this act in a mayor and a city council to be chosen by the electors. The council comprised four representatives from each ward, one of the four to be chosen annually for the term of four years. The mayor's term of service was fixed at two years. The annual municipal election was required to take place on the second Monday in April. The classification of powers and duties .under the act seems to have been governed by no clear or consistent rule. When we come to search the law for some well defined principle by which the balance and harmony of municipal functions may be determined and arranged, we find none. Consequently the government which the law creates is not a system, but a medley of powers arbitrarily assigned. The [474]