OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY - 625 the institution, 228 acres were brought under cultivation. On November 29,1878, 11,903 acres of Virginia Military Lands in Scioto County were sold on account of the University for $6,500. The earnings of students by their labor on the farm during the year 1879 amounted to $1,250. A second course of popular lectures on agriculture was given in January, 1880.4 W. A. Mason was appointed Instructor in Drawing vice Thomas Mathew, who retired. Professor Mendenhall, whose engagement in Japan was about to terminate, was invited to resume the chair of Physics. In his annual report for 1880, President Orton recommended the construction of a chemical laboratory. At the close of the collegiate year, in June, 1878, Professor Orton tendered his resignation as President, but it was not at that time accepted. In 1881, he insisted upon retiring,' and Walter Q. Scott, of Easton, Pennsylvania, was chosen in his stead. In addition to the presidency, Professor Scott took the chair of Philosophy and Political Economy. Professor Orton retained the chair of Geology, to which he desired to devote his entire time. In the same year, Professor S. C. Derby, late President of Antioch College, m as appointed to the chair of Latin and Greek Languages, vice Professor Josiah R. Smith, who resigned ; and the new chair of Horticulture and Botany was created under W. R. Lazenby, B. S., of Cornell University. First Lieutenant George Ruhlen, of the Seventeenth Infantry, was detailed by the Secretary of War as military instructor, vice Lieutenant Lomia, whose term had expired. The net proceeds of the sales of Virginia Military Lands to November 15, 1880, amounted to $17,134.71. In May, 1881, Professor Joseph Milliken retired from the chair of English Language and Literature, owing to infirmity of health. His duties were apportioned to other professors. On March 31, 1882, the General Assembly made an appropriation of $20,000 for a chemical laboratory, and in the course of the same year the building was erected. Three residences for professors, located on the grounds of the institution, were also contracted for and built. An act of the General Assembly, passed during the session of 1882, provided for the establishment of an Agricultural Experiment Station on the grounds of the -University.' It was placed under the supervision of Professor Lazenby. A meteorological bureau was established at the University by an act passed April 17, 1882, under the management of Professor Mendenhall.' An Agricultural and Horticultural Hall, for which the General Assembly had appropriated $15,000, was erected in 1883. In June of that year Rev. William H. Scott, President of the Ohio University at Athens, was elected President and Professor of Philosophy and Political Economy,' vice Walter Q. Scott, who failed of reelection and resigned June 20. Various additional changes in the faculty were made. Owing to painful illness, which resulted fatally, Professor John T. Short retired from the chair of English Literature and History. In June, 1884, Professor Henry A. Weber, of the Industrial University at Champaign, Illinois, was elected Professior of Agricultural Chemistry. During the same year, Lieutenant A. P. Blocksom, of the Sixth United States Cavalry, was assigned to the University as military instructor. Professor F. H. Eldridge, Assistant Engineer in the United States Navy, was transferred from the department of physics to that of mechanical engineering. In December, 1884, Professor T. C. Mendenhall withdrew from the University to accept an appointment as Professor of Electrical Science in the office of the Chief Signal Officer of the United States. Professor R. W. McFarland retired in 1885, to accept the presidency of Miami University. In June, 1885, Benjamin F. Thomas, of the University of Missouri, was elected to the chair of Physics ; George C. Comstock, of the Washburn Observatory at Madison, Wisconsin, to that of Mathematics and Astronomy, and George W. Knight, of Michigan University, to that of English Language and Literature, with A. II. Welsh, of Columbus, as assistant. C. Newton Brown, who 40 * 626 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. had been an assistant to Professor McFarland, was appointed Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering. At the beginning of the autumn term in 1885,a department of veterinary science was opened under Professor H. J. Detmers, of the Industrial University at Champaign, Illinois. In 1886, Ernest A. Eggers, of Michigan University, was appointed instructor in German. Miss Alice K. Williams was retained as instructor in French. During the year 1886, the University farm, under the management of Professor Weber, became a source of revenue for the first time; its net profits were $1,542.17. At the close of the University year, in 1887, Professor George C. Comstock retired from the chair of Mathematics and Astronomy, and was succeeded by Professor R. D. Bohanan, a graduate of the University of Virginia. On July 1, same year, Lieutenant A. P. Blocksom, whose term of service as military instructor had expired, was succeeded by Lieutenant Charles E. Kilbourne, of the Third United States Artillery. Alfred H. Welsh was made Associate Pro fessor of the English Language and Literature. An act of Congress known as the Hatch Bill, passed in 1887, provided for an annual appropriation of $15,000 to each State, to be used in agricultural experiments and investigations. As originally drawn this act was intended to supplement the land grant for agricultural colleges, but as finally passed it provided that in any State containing an agricultural experiment station separate from the land grant college, the legislature might place the fund partly or wholly under control of the agricultural experiment station. It was so disposed of in Ohio by resolution of the General Assembly. At the close of the University year in 1888 Professor Albert H. Tuttle retired from the chair of zoology and comparative anatomy to accept that of biology in the University of Virginia. D S. Kellicott, of the State normal school at Buffalo, New York, was appointed his successor. In February, 1888, the Board of Trustees, on motion of ex-President Hayes, adopted a declaration that " a thoroughly equipped department of manual training, for both young women and young men, should be added to the existing educational features of the university as soon as practicable." An appropriation by the General Assembly for the establishment of such a department was requested. Exhibits illustrative of the different departments of instruction in the University were made at the centennial expositions at Cincinnati and Columbus. The latter drew a silver medal. In 1889 the University suffered a much-deplored loss by the untimely death of Professor Alfred H. Welsh, Associate Professor of the English Language and Literature. Although yet young, Professor Welsh had attained a wide reputation as a writer of literary textbooks. James Chalmers, who had been connected with the corps of instructors in the Eureka College, was chosen as his successor in the associate professorship. John W. Queen was appointed acting professor of History and Political Science pending the temporary absence of Professor George W. Knight. B. L. Bowen occupied the chair of French Language and Literature pending the temporary absence of Miss Williams. Lieutenant Alexander Ogle, Seventeenth United States Infantry, was assigned to the University as military instructor vice Lieutenant Kilbourne, whose term had expired. On the morning of February 12, 1889, the chemical laboratory building and its contents were destroyed by fire. An appropriation of $5,000 for temporary equipment and continuance of the departments using the laboratory was made by the General Assembly, which also appropriated $40,000 for the construction and equipment of a new building, contracts for the erection of which were awarded during the ensuing month of July. The new edifice was planned to accommodate the departments of general and agricultural chemistry, mining, metallurgy and pharmacy. An additional appropriation of ten thousand dollars was made for the erection of a building for use in special instruction in electrical engineering. Dur- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY - 627 ing the year 1890 the laboratory building was completed, equipped and occupied, and a building for the veterinary department was erected. On August 30, 1890, Congress passed an act of great financial importance to the Ohio State University and to all similar institutions. By that measure the sum of $15,000 per annum, increased annually by an additional thousand for ten years, and after that period the sum of $20,000 per annum, was appropriated from the proceeds of public land sales, to be paid to each State and Territory for the support of "instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural and economic science with special reference to their application in the industries of life." This act, meant to supplement the original endowment of agricultural and mechanical colleges, was accepted by the General Assembly of Ohio on March 4, 1891. As in the case of the original endowment, an effort was made to divide the fund, but it was unsuccessful this time as before, and the entire appropriation apportioned to Ohio went to the support of the Ohio State University. This congressional benefaction was worthily seconded by an act of the General Assembly passed March 20, 1891, providing for a levy of onetwentieth of a mill on the grand duplicate of the State, to be known as the " Ohio State University fund." The passage of this act was largely due to its cordial recommendation and support by Governor James E. Campbell, and to the active interest taken in it by Hon. N. R. Hysell, Speaker of the House of Representatives. The levy under this law is intended to supersede, so far as it goes, the necessity for annual, appropriations for the support of the institution. On October 14, 1891, contracts were awarded for the erection of a building for the manual training school and one for the geological museum. Lieutenant Eugene Wilson, First United States Artillery, was, in the same year, assigned to the institution as military instructor vice Lieutenant Ogle, whom failing health obliged to retire. Thomas F. Hunt, of Pennsylvania, was elected Professor of Agriculture in lieu of Professor Norton S. Townshend who, on account of his age, had requested to be relieved, but was retained as Professor Emeritus in the chair which he had so long and so creditably filled. The department of horticulture and botany was divided between two new chairs, to one of which, that of horticulture and forestry, Professor W. R. Lazenby was assigned, and to the other, botany and forestry, Professor W. A. Kellerman, of Kansas, was elected. In lieu of the department of zoology and comparative anatomy, was created the chair of zoology and entomology, to which Professor D. S. Kellicott was assigned, and the chair of anatomy and physiology, to which Doctor A. M. Bleile, M D., of Columbus, was elected. In the department of English Literaure the work was divided between Associate Professor James Chalmers and Joseph V. Denny, called from the Michigan University. The faculty was in various minor respects still further changed and added to in the course of the year 1890. In June of that year the trustees adopted a resolution establishing a law department in connection with the University, and appropriating for its support the fees to be received from its students. President W. H. Scott and Messrs. H. L. Wilgus and Paul Jones, of the Alumni Association, were appointed to make an investigation and report as to the details and management of such a department. This committee reported on July 21, 1891, presenting a general plan of instruction, and recommending that tuition fees be charged, and a faculty chosen from the Ohio bar. Hon. Marshall Williams, Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court, was chosen dean, and a faculty, consisting mostly of members of the Columbus bar, was appointed. The use of rooms in the Courthouse for lectures and recitations was granted by the County Commissioners, and on October 1, 1891, the school was opened with a public address by Hon. R. A. Harrison. The number of students in attendance in 1891 was fifty. 628 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. The collection of birds which was made by the late Doctor J. M. Wheaton, M. D., and which contained about one thousand specimens, mostly taken in Ohio, was purchased of Mrs. Wheaton in February, 1891, for $1,000. In August, same year, a collection of shells numbering about fifteen thousand specimens was purchased of its owner and collector, Mr. Henry Moores, of Columbus, for $700. The Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station took up its abiding place with the University at the time of its organization in 1882, and conducted its experiments and investigations in company with similar ones conducted by the University, until December 7, 1887, when an arrangement was made by which the station was given full privileges on the University farm and full control of all the experiments, with the understanding that the University professors might still use the grounds for original investigation, and also that the students should be employed in the labor of the station when practicable. In 1891 the station, under authority of the General Assembly, accepted an offer of money and lands made by citizens of Wayne County whither it has now been removed.9 The collegiate department of the University now (in 1892) comprises courses of instruction in agriculture, agricultural chemistry, astronomy, botany, civil engineering, drawing, electrical engineering, English and rhetoric, French, general chemistry, geology, German, Greek, history, horticulture, Italian, Latin, mathematics, mechanical engineering, metallurgy, mine engineering, military science and tactics, pharmacy, philosophy, physics, physiology, political science, Spanish, veterinary medicine and zoology and entomology. The principal building, and the one first erected, is the University Hall, now containing the President's office and various museums, laboratories and society and recitation rooms. The Mechanical Building, erected in 1878, and since much enlarged, contains rooms, materials and machinery for mechanical instruction. The Botanical Building, provided for by an appropriation made in 1883, contains a lecture room, laboratory and other conveniences for instruction in botany and horticulture. A botanical conservatory is connected with it. The Electrical Laboratory, a twostory brick building, was erected in 1889. It is well equipped with apparatus. The Chemical Building, completed in 1890, is two stories in height, and cost; with its equipments, about $62,000. It is now occupied by the departments of chemistry, mining, metallurgy and pharmacy. Orton Hall, now in course of construction, is intended for the reception of the large geological collection of the ,University, and for work and instruction in the department of geology. It will also be the repository of the University Library. It will be two stories in height, and fireproof. Hayes Hall, a large building also in course of construction, will be devoted to instruction and work in manual training. Its central portion will be three stories in height, its wings two stories. The Veterinary Hospital contains a veterinary museum and library, a dispensary, an operating hall, and laboratories in bacteriology and microscopy. Of two dormitories, distinguished as North and South, both on Neil Avenue, the first accommodates sixty-four and the last twenty students. The Experiment Station occupies several buildings. Of six dwelling houses on the University campus, one is occupied by the President, and three others are the homes of professors. The Law School is still conducted at the Franklin County Courthouse. The Library contains about 12,000 volumes. A considerable portion of the technical library of William S. Sullivant was presented to the institution by himself and his family. It is known as the Sullivant Collection. The Deshler Collection comprises a considerable number of rare and valuable works on entomology collected by Tudor Fay and presented to the Library in 1873 by the late John G. Deshler. A German library, mostly presented by German born citizens of Columbus, contains about four hundred volumes. The catalogue of the Geological Museum, in which species, not specimens, are generally enumerated, contains more than eight thou- OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY - 629 sand entries. The Zoological Museum contains the Wheaton collection of birds and some thousands of other specimens. The Botanical Museum is extensive and interesting. The Faculty at present comprises the following corps of instructors•: Rev. William H. Scott, M. A., LL. D . , President and Professor of Philosophy ; Edward Orton, Ph. D., LL. D., Professor of Geology ; Sidney A. Norton, Ph. D., LL. D , Professor of General and Applied Chemistry; Norton S. Townshend, M. D., Professor Emeritus of Agriculture; Stillman W. Robinson, C. E. Professor of Mechanical Engineering ; Nathaniel W. Lord, E. M., Professor of E., and Metallurgy ; Samuel C. Derby, M. A., Professor of the Latin Language and Literature, and Librarian; William R. Lazenby, M. Agr., Professor of Horticulture, and Superintendent of Grounds ; Josiah R. Smith, M. A. Professor of the Greek Language and Literature ; Henry A. Weber, Ph. D., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry ; Benjamin F. Thomas, Ph. D., Professor of Physics; George W. Knight, Ph. D., Professor of History and Political Science, and Secretary of the University Faculty ; Henry J. Detmers, M. V. D., Professor of Veterinary Surgery ; R. Daniel Bohannan, B. Se., C. E., E. M., Professor of Mathematics and A stronomy ; David S. Kellicott, Ph. D. Professor of Zoology and Entomology ; C. Newton Brown, C. E., Professor of Civil Engineering; Ernst A. Eggers, Professor of the German Language and Literature; Albert M. Bleile, M. D., Professor of Anatomy and Physiology ; Eugene T. Wilson, Second Lieutenant First Artillery, U. S. A., Professor of Military Science and Tactics; William A. Kellerman, Ph. D., Professor of Botany and Forestry ; Thomas F. Hunt, B. Sc., Professor of Agriculture; George B. Kauffman, B. Sc., Associate Professor of Pharmacy ; Rev. James dhalmers, Ph. D., Associate Professor of English Literature ; Benjamin L. Bowen, Ph. D., Associate Professor of the Romance Languages and Literatures; Joseph V. Denney, B. A., Associate Professor of Rhetoric ; Marshall J. Williams, Dean of the Law School, and Lecturer on Pleading and Practice ; George K. ash, B. A., Lecturer on Torts ; David F. Pugh, Lecturer on Equity Jurisprudence ; I N. Abernethy, Lecturer on Mortgages and Liens ; David K. Watson, B. A., LL. B., Lecturer on Contracts; James H. Collins, Lecturer on Appellate and Federal Practice and Private Corporations ; Orlando W. Aldrich, LL. L., D. C. L., Lecturer on Real Property ; E. L. DeWitt, B. A., Lecturer on Bills and Notes and. Commercial Law ; J. Paul Jones, B. A., Lecturer on Municipal Corporations and Wills and Administration ; Thomas J. Keating, B. A., Lecturer on Evidence ; Emmett Tompkins, Lecturer on Agency, Partnership, and Medical Jurisprudence ; Cyrus Ruling, B. A., Lecturer on Criminal Law ; Rutherford H. Platt, B. A., LL. B., Lecturer on Pleading and Practice . Jacob A. McEwen, LL. B., Lecturer on Insurance Law ; Benjamin Woodbury, B. A., Lecturer on Elementary Law ; W. F. Hunter, Lecturer on Sales and Bailments ; Horace L. Wilgus, M. Sc., Instructor in Elementary Law, and Secretary of the Faculty of the Law School; Florizel Smith, B. A., Judge of Moot Courts • George W. McCoard, M. A., Assistant Professor of Mathematics ; Frederick W. Sperr, E. M , Assistant Professor of Mining Engineering; Joseph N. Bradford, M. E., Assistant Professor of Drawing ; Joseph T. Whitney, Assistant Professor of Physics; Rev. George P. Coler, B. A., Assistant Professor of Philosophy ; Frederick Keifer, E. M., Assistant in Chemistry ; Olive B. Jones, Assistant Librarian ; Charles W. Mesloh, B. A., Assistant in German ; Joseph R. Taylor, B. A., Assistant in Drawing ; William F. Lavery, D. V. M , Assistant in Veterinary Medi- cine ; Alvin D. Haines, Assistant in Mechanical Laboratory ; Charles L. Arnold, B. Sc., Assistant in Mathematics; Charles B. Morrey, B A., Assistant in Latin and Physiology ; Clair A. Dye, G. Ph., Assistant in General Chemistry, Lloyd M. Bloomfield, B. Agr., Assistant in Agricultural Chemistry ; William C. Werner, Assistant in Botany ; Frank J. Combs, Assistant in Mechanical Laboratory ; 630 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Edward A. Kemmler, C. E., Assistant in Civil Engineering; Wilber H. Siebert, M. A., Assistant in History and Political Science; Henry C. Lord, B. Sc., Assistant in Mathematics and Astronomy ; James E. Boyd, B. Sc., Assistant in Physics,. Harvey A. Surface, B. Sc., Assistant in Geology ; Joseph C. MacAuliffe, M. D., Assistant in French ; Martha M. Young, Assistant in French. R. C. Anderson, the original secretary of the Board of Trustees, was succeeded by Joseph Sullivant, who served until 1878, in which year the board elected as its secretary Mr. Albert Allen, who served until November 15, 1883, when he was succeeded by the present secretary, Captain Alexis Cope. NOTES. 1. Associated with Doctor Townshend in the establishment and management of this school were President James H. Fairchild, Professor James Dascomb and John S. Newberry. The school was first opened in 1854 at Oberlin, where it remained two years. After that period it was removed to and continual at Cleveland for the space of another year. 2. The management of the sales was vested in the Auditor, Treasurer and Secretary of State. 3. The members of the board appointed by Governor Hayes pursuant to this act, named in the numerical order of their congressional districts, were Aaron F. Perry, Joseph F. Wright, Richard C. Anderson, William B. McClung, William Sawyer, James M. Trimble, Joseph Sullivant, Thomas C. Jones, Warren P. Noble, James W. Ross, Ralph Leete, Daniel Keller, Marvin M. Munson, Norton S. Townshend, Valentine V. Horton, John C. Jamison, Cornelius Aultman, John R. Buchtel, and Henry B. Perkins. 4 These were lectures on agriculture for the general public and were delivered during the winter term, by far, the greater part of them by Professor Townshend, by whom they were arranged. The first course was delivered early in the year 1879. These lectures were maintained for six successive years. They were the precursors of the farmers' institutes, to which they led and by which they were replaced. 5. President Orton's resignation was accepted June 21, 1881 6. The location and management of the station were vested in a board of five members comprising the Governor, three members appointed by him, and a director to be chosen by the board for the general management of the experiments and investigations. 7. The act declared that there should be established at the State University at Columbus " a central office for meteorological observation, with the Professor of Physics of said University, the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture and a third person to be appointed by the Governor as a board of directors," all to be commissioned by the Governor. The act continued : "The professor of physics of said university is hereby appointed president of the board, and by and with the advice of the directors shall establish, if practicable, one volunteer weather station in each congressional district, and supervise the same ; he shall receive reports therefrom, and reduce the same to tabular form, and report the same monthly to the state printer for publication as the Ohio weather report, and shall annually make a report to the Governor which shall contain a detailed statement of all expenditures made during the year, and a summary of the observations made at the various stations." 8. Professor W. H. Scott was first chosen President pro tempore, but was soon afterwards advanced to the full presidency. Owing to " representations " made " by prominent citizens and through the public press," the Board of Trustees was requested by Governor Foster to make a full statement of its reasons for declining to reelect Professor Walter Q. Scott to the presidency, but replied that it would be difficult to place before the Governor " all the causes which resulted in such action." The board, however, significantly stated as one of its objections to Professor Scott " that in public lectures at the University and elsewhere he promulgated unsound and dangerous doctrines of political economy." 9. The new station comprises a farm of 450 acres, lying about one mile south of Wooster. It has been equipped with appropriate buildings, paid for from a fund amounting to $85,000 donated for the purpose by Wayne County. Church History. PART II. CHAPTER XLII. CATHOLIC: BY REV. DENNIS A. CLARKE, A. M. Early Missions—The very earliest records of the Catholic Church in Central Ohio are found incorporated in the history of French Missionary Fathers of the Society of Jesus, familiarly known as " Jesuits." In pursuit of their sacred calling they penetrated the thick forests of this State and adjoining territory, and amid untold dangers, in great sufferings and with many privations, converted tribes of Indians to the Christian faith. Under the fostering care of the French Government these zealous missionaries erected stations and gathered about them the children of a savage life, teaching them the arts of peace under the benign influence of the religion of Christ. We have no records, however, identifying the location of Columbus as a particular station of these early Missionary Fathers, but we do know that they labored in various portions of the State, their zeal carrying them beyond the paths of explorers and the courses of streams navigable by the canoe. The " black gown” — the Indian appellation of the Catholic priest— was very generally known and received with great respect, and Ohio's dusky aboriginals have left evidences that the missionary's labors among them were not in vain. The languages of the different tribes and the names of localities attest the fact that the French Jesuits had influenced their manners and customs and effected a deep and lasting impression. With the advent of British explorers, however, the Catholic Missionaries from France were compelled to relinquish their established stations, and Chiefs in the interest of the English government exerted an influence that could not be overcome by the weaker power. This circumstance did not, in the least, diminish the zeal of the Jesuit missionaries, or lessen their labors of love in the cause of saving souls, for they followed their subjects to further western points, continuing among them those ministrations that had already borne such great fruit. But the work begun where the Jesuits first planted the Cross must be continued, and hence we find other missionaries soon following the paths of the earlier explorers. This time, however, they do not belong to any of the religious orders of the church, for they are " seculars," no less zealous than their saintly and learned predecessors. Among them were many apostolic men whose memories are still held in benedic- [633] 634 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. tion by the descendants of early Catholic immigrants who sought homes and fortunes within the present boundaries of our. State. The missions, or stations, in Ohio and adjacent territory came under the jurisdiction of Archbishop Carroll, the first bishop in the United States, who as a Jesuit, enthused his priests with the spirit that animated all the earlier missionaries. At stated periods of long intervals these stations were visited by the priest, whose presence was ever a source of great joy to the few scattered Catholic families, who were eager for the ministrations of their religion and the consolations they afforded. With the increase of immigration the Catholic Church grew rapidly in all the territory west of the Alleghanies as far as the Mississippi River, and the need of more missionaries and more direct episcopal jurisdiction became very pressing. Bishop Carroll had long recognized the necessity for a bishop in this vast region, and accordingly recommended the appointment of Rev. B. J. Flaget to the see of Bardstown, Kentucky, then newly erected by Rome. Bishop Flaget was consecrated in 1810, but did not make his visit to the missions of Ohio until 1812, having entered the State for the first time on the seventh of October of that year, in company with Rev. Stephen T. Badin, who was the first priest ordained in the United States. During this first journey through Ohio the good Bishop and his companion cheered the hearts of a number of Catholics whom they found in central and eastern portions of the State. Near Somerset, Perry County, containing settlers from Pennsylvania and other eastern States, they discovered a spot that Providence had evidently destined as the center of active missionary labors in Ohio. The Catholic settlers of that region, strong in the faith, and zealous in its practice, as far as their forlorn condition would admit, made a deep impression on the Bishop and he promised them regular attendance of a priest as soon as he could arrange for one. The Dominican Fathers, composing an "Order of Preachers," founded in the thirteenth century by St. Dominic, had already established a nursery of Catholicity near Doctor Flaget's see in Kentucky. Their active missionary life in that State induced the Bishop to place the Ohio missions under their charge. Very Reverend Edward Fen wick, then Provincial of the Dominican Order, resigned his office to comply with the Bishop's request, and repaired immediately to Perry County, Ohio, where he permanently founded the mission which became the " Cradle of Catholicity'' in the State. Here, in 1818, Father Fenwick had the happiness of dedicating in honor of St. Joseph the first Catholic church and of establishing a convent whence should go forth active missionaries to various parts of the State and surrounding regions, ministering to the Catholic families here and there, as they were to be found, and erecting at different places permanent missionary stations. Father Fenwick and co-laborers visited the locality of the future capital and prepared the way for the rapid growth of the Catholic Church in this city. A witness of his great zeal and labors is found in the introduction to a baptismal register preserved in his own handwriting in St. Joseph's convent: In the years 1817-1818, I baptized in different parts of Ohio State one hundred and sixtytwo persons, young and old, whose names and sponsors cannot now be recollected, as I was then an itinerant missionary and such persons were generally discovered and brought to me accidentally. Rev. Mr. Young, during his journey to Maryland and back to Ohio, this year of 1818, baptized about thirty persons in a similar manner. —Edward Fenwick. " Glory be to Thee, 0 Lord, and on earth peace to men of good will." Father Fenwick's missionary zeal was everywhere attended by a renewal of religious fervor among the Catholic settlers and by numerous conversions to the faith. Father Dominick Young, of the same religious order, was his almost constant companion on these missionary tours. CATHOLIC - 635 First Bishop of Cincinnati. —The increasing demands for missionaries and the establishing of numerous stations by the Dominican Fathers throughout Ohio and portions of Michigan and Indiana, urged upon Rome, through Right Rev. Doctor Flaget, the pressing need of a bishop to exercise jurisdiction over that large territory now grown beyond that prelate's possible attention. Accordingly, recognizing the labors, piety, and• learning of Father Fenwick, Pope Pius VIII, on June 19, 1821, named him Bishop, with Cincinnati as his see and Ohio as his diocese. The ceremony of consecration took, place in Bardstown, Kentucky, January 13, 1822, Bishop Flaget being the consecrator. Shortly after his installation at Cincinnati, Bishop Fenwick repaired to Europe to obtain assistance in meeting the requirements of his diocese, rapidly growing in importance. During his absence the Dominican Fathers from St. Joseph's, Perry County, continued their labors on the missions under the direction of Very Rev. Father Hill, Vicar-General of the diocese. Among these Fathers we find the following frequently and prominently named : Dominic Young, Thomas Martin and Vincent de Raymond. On Bishop Fenwick's return from Europe, in 1825, he renewed his missionary life, enthused and encouraged by his successful trip abroad. Providence, however, had destined only a short career for the zealous Bishop. On his way home from an extended visitation of the northern portions of his diocese, in the autumn of 1832, he fell a victim to the cholera at Wooster, Ohio. Bishop Fenwick was succeeded in the Episcopal office by Right Rev. John Baptist Purcell, who was consecrated Bishop in the Cathedral at Baltimore, Maryland, October 13, 1833, by Archbishop Whitefield, of that see. Upon the death of Bishop Fenwick and the installation of Bishop Purcell the manner of conducting the missions of Ohio that were attended by the Dominican Fathers underwent some modifications. These changes were to be expected, since the former Bishop was not only a missionary in the parts over which he exercised episcopal jurisdiction, but was a member of the Dominican Order. Bishop Purcell on the contrary, had no such experience on the missions of the West ; being yet very young, his youth, at first, was strongly urged against his appointment as Bishop. He came, moreover, from the ranks of the secular clergy, whose ministrations had been confined to narrower limits, but would now be more extended. The results achieved by the pioneer band of Dominican Fathers were appreciated by the new Bishop, and to their assistance in continuing the missionary work, he gathered about him a number of devoted secular priests over whom, as their Bishop, he could exercise a more direct control on the missions and the founding of new churches. With a truly apostolic zeal Bishop Purcell engaged in his labors, visiting every portion of his large diocese, ministering in person to the spiritual necessities of the people, and defending fearlessly in public places the doctrines of his faith that had been assailed and often misrepresented. The Columbus Mission.—The Dominican Fathers who had early founded the mission in Columbus had come into possession of a lot by donation, the conditions being that a church be erected thereon within five years from date of the deed, which was May 15, 1833. This lot is the present site of Holy Cross Church, on the northeast corner of Rich and Fifth streets, the donors being Otis and Samuel Crosby and Nathaniel Medbery. Religious services continued to be held, as in the past, by the Dominican Fathers from time to time, in different houses of Catholics, among them being the residence of John McCarthy, on Main Street, between High and Third. Mr. McCarthy was, at the time, an engineer on the Ohio Canal and Columbus Feeder. Previously to this time Catholic services were held in Franklinton, now the West Side, where a number of Catholic families had settled. At such times the old courthouse —present location of the Franklin ton public school building— the homes of Vincent Grate and Henry Nadenbuach, the latter situated near the State stone quarries, were honored by having the Sacrifice 636 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. of the Mass offered up under their roofs. Laborers engaged in the construction of the National Road composed for a time the major portion of the congregation. Among the permanent settlers, however, who constituted the pioneer Catholic congregation that was the nucleus of the future churches of the city, we find record of the following : The families of Mrs. Russell, Cornelius Jacobs, John Jacobs, Michael Reinhard, Anthony Clarke and Owen Turney. Later on, the following Catholics settled in the city and added to the membership of the congregation : John Ender, Clemens Baehr, J. Scherringer, P. Kehle, Jacob Zettler, Peter Schwartz, Henry Lutz, Lawrence Beck, Joseph Wolfel, Senior, Joseph Miller, Isidore Frey, Bernard McNally, John F. Zimmer, C. Kuhn, John Ury and several others whose names are not on record. As the number of families increased with the natural development of the State, under the impetus given to immigration, and the prominence accorded to Columbus as the capital of a promising great State, the Catholics felt sorely the need of a church building and a resident priest. The Dominican Fathers in whose name, under the corporate title of "Literary Society of St. Joseph," the lot for church purposes above referred to was held, were solicitous for the spiritual welfare of their struggling flocks, and earnestly strove to arrange for such a building. Prompted by such a desire, Very Rev. N. D. Young, Provincial of the Dominican Order, sought the advice and expression of the wishes of the Bishop in the matter, by addressing him the following letter under date of January 16, 1835: We have a lot in Columbus. A church could, this year, by a little exertion be erected on it. We ask your permission to do so. Father Martin occasionally visits Columbus. The Catholics are suffering there a great affliction, and amongst them many sad evils occur in consequence of having no regular attendance. With your consent we shall do our best to supply them. Should you object, we are willing to give up the lot and place our subjects in other places. On March 28, 1835, the Bishop replies to Father Young: I earnestly wish that you undertake the erection of a church in Columbus on the terms I proposed, viz., your having the completed church under your care so long as I live, and thereafter as long as you could supply it with a pastor, if my influence, (by a written expression of my will) after my decease, will bind my successor. If the lot in Columbus has been already deeded to you, the knot is cut and I agree to the erection of a church on it for the good of the Catholic Congregation. You see how anxious I am to meet your views when I see them connected with the best modes of advancing the kingdom of Jesus Christ. If you cannot proceed to the building of the church, you will, of course, inform me and transfer the lot. Notwithstanding this very decided indication of the Bishop's desires, the Dominican Fathers finally determined to place the lot at the disposal of the Bishop, who would have his priests undertake the building of the first church in Columbus. The property, however, remained in the name of the Dominicans until May 29, 1869, when the legal transfer and record were made. First Catholic Church.—In June, 1836, Bishop Purcell came to the city, stopping at Colonel John Noble's National Hotel where stands the Neil House of today, and on the Sunday following his arrival, June 5, celebrated his first Mass in Columbus in the old Paul Pry House on Canal Street, between Main and Cherry Alley, then occupied by the family of George Studer. Mass had been frequently celebrated in this house by the Missionary Fathers, and it continued to be used for that purpose for some time, as it was the most convenient locality. After divine services on the occasion above referred to, the Bishop announced the object of his visit to be the consulting with the Catholics in reference to the building of a church. For this purpose he asked all the men of the congregation to meet him at the same place at a stated hour in the afternoon. CATHOLIC - 637 Agreeably to this request the meeting was held and attended by nearly all the men of the little mission. Great interest was manifested, yet the enthusiasm was somewhat dampened when the pecuniary condition of most of the congregation was considered, as the raising of the necessary funds to meet the estimated cost of the building would be an impossibility at that time. The possession of a lot was a good beginning, but a comparatively small item in the general expense. The meeting had about decided to postpone action for a year or two and continue in the meantime the same arrangements as in the past, when a member, Mr. Martin Stafford, superintendent of the masonry of the newly erected Penitentiary, extended encouragement and excited renewed interest in the project by suggesting a very feasible plan whereby the cost could be greatly lessened. He proposed a structure of rough limestone of such proportions as to accommodate the congregation for the present and perhaps for some years to come, and stated that he was assured most of the material could be obtained by donations, the money subscribed to be used for other necessary expenses in the process of completion. This proposition was well received and considered worthy a fair trial as it involved no risk and met, too, with the willing approval of the Bishop. Subscription lists in German and English were opened immediately, all at the meeting giving in their names with generous amounts. The sums were to be paid as follows: Onehalf down, or as soon as needed and called for; the other half not to be paid until the structure should be under roof. At the suggestion of the meeting the Bishop appointed a building committee who should have charge of the work and receive the moneys subscribed. The committee consisted of Martin Stafford, Charles Cross, George Studer, Jacob Scherringer and Cornelius Jacobs. The organization of the committee was effected by electing Martin Stafford president, Charles Cross secretary, and Cornelius Jacobs treasurer. During his stay in the city the Bishop visited the different families and ministered to the spiritual wants of the English-speaking Catholics. He promised to send a German priest, as soon as possible, to do a like service to the German Catholics, who were not familiar with the English language. In company with some members of the building committee, the Bishop visited the stone-quarries west of the city and succeeded in making very satisfactory arrangements with the lessee, Henry Nadenbusch, by whom building material was to be furnished at $1.25 per perch, delivered on the site of the new church. Mr. Nadenbusch afterwards donated a large amount of stone. Sand was donated by James Fields from his bank on the east side of the Scioto River, just north of the Broad Street bridge, and was hauled by Joseph and Ziriach Wolfel in part payment of their subscriptions. The committee met with much discouragement in the collection of subscriptions and it soon became evident that sufficient funds could not be realized to place the building under cover. It vas• therefore determined to suspend further operations and pay for material, and settle all bills to date. In the latter part of August, 1836, the Bishop sent Rev. Father Stahltschmidt, a German priest, to accommodate the German Catholics, who had long been deprived of the services of a priest of their own nationality. The Father remained until the twelfth of September at the home of George Studer, celebrat- ing Mass daily in Paul Pry Hall. Not until December following did the congregation again have Mass, for on the twentythird of that month Rev. Father - Hoffman, a Franco-German, arrived to spend the Christmas season with the people. Paul Pry Hall could not be obtained at this time and, accordingly, services were held in one of the socalled Eight Buildings on West Town Street, between Front Street and Fair Alley. From this time until August 4, 1837, there is no record of any Catholic services in Columbus. The Bishop recognized the necessity for a resident priest now more than ever, for the Catholics were increasing, spiritual wants were many and 638 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. pressing, and a church was in progress of construction. Finally, on the above date, the patience of the congregation was rewarded and the hearts of all gladdened by the arrival of Rev. Henry Damien Juncker, who came with the authority of Bishop Purcell as pastor of the Catholics of Columbus and Chillicothe, and to build a church at each of these places. He was entertained at the residence of George Studer. It was published to all Catholics that there would be Mass on Sundays, August 6 and 13, and on every day intervening, on the second floor of Henry Weiss's frame house, next south of the Paul Pry, which was engaged for other purposes. Father Juncker, as permanent pastor, and imbued with the zeal of a young and fervent priest, applied himself to the task of building a suitable church. The little congregation, almost disheartened at the poor prospect of having such an edifice, rallied about their pastor and united hands and hearts again in the undertaking. The former building committee gave Father Juncker the history of their efforts thus far and the results, with the obstacles they saw in the way of accomplishing their purposes. Many different plans were proposed but it was finally determined to remove the material already at hand to the north end of the lot, immediately in front of the present Holy Cross School, and to erect the church thereon. A building of the following dimensions was planned and laid out: Fifty feet long, thirty feet wide, fourteen feet from the floor to the ceiling — eighteen feet from the base -- and to have a small gallery for the choir. A church of such a size, it was thought, would meet all the requirements of the congregation for some years to come, and then when another church should have been built on the other and more prominent part of the lot, this structure could be used for a schoolhouse. With renewed activity the building committee began work. New subscription papers were circulated, more money was collected and some material was donated. Having thus started the building, Father Juncker left, on. August 15, to attend to the interests of his flock at Chillicothe. The masonry was contracted for with George Kannemacher and Andrew Schott. The heavy carpentering was done under direction of Jacob Schoeringer, and the joinerwork by Charles Cross. Cornelius Jacobs was general superintendent. On October 13, 1837, Father Juncker returned, and on the fifteenth had services in Bernard Burke's house on South Street, now Fulton, between High and Third. Owing to the want of suitable accommodations, as well as to urge on the speedy completion of the building, the pastor announced that no more public services would be held in Columbus until the church was prepared for them. The masons had begun their work without waiting for the ceremony of cornerstone laying. The joy and thanksgiving with which the Catholic people saw their little church assuming shape can be readily imagined. Father Juncker frequently visited the congregation during the building, and on such occasions was given hospitality at the home of Charles Cross. St. Remigius's Church.— The process of construction went on as rapidly as possible; the middle. of December, 1837, found the building under root; and by the twentieth of April, 1838, it was in condition to be occupied, though not plastered, painted nor seated. On the twentyninth of the same month Rev. Father Juncker held services in the unfinished church, singing High Mass — the first ever celebrated in Columbus — and placed the edifice under the patronage of St. Remigius. Remigius, or Remi, was Archbishop of Rheims, France, and died a holy death in the year 533, after a reign of seventyfour years in the Episcopacy — the longest on record. Rev. Stephen Badin, the venerable missionary of our Western States, happened en route through Columbus on the Sunday of the opening of the new church, and, learning of the joyous occasion, stopped over, preaching a learned discourse in English at the Vesper service in the afternoon. CATHOLIC - 639 In a few months the interior of the building was finished and the congregation was happy in the possession of a church that realized their fondest hopes. They had a Pastor too, but his time was divided between Columbus and Chillicothe. At intervals he visited the Catholics at Circleville, Waverly, Portsmouth, Delaware, Marion and a few other missionary stations. It frequently happened that Mass was celebrated on occasions when the pastor could not be present, by priests passing through the city to other missions, Father Juncker continued in charge of the congregation until November, 1839, when the Bishop transferred 'him to another mission. Some years later Father Juncker became Bishop of Alton, Illinois. He was succeeded in Columbus by Rev. Joshua M. Young, in December the same year. Father Young was a convert to the faith, and had been ordained only a short time. As Columbus had no pastoral residence, the pastor made his home at Lancaster, which, with Logan, Delaware and Marion constituted his missionary field with this city as a centre. On December 8, 1839, Right Rev. Bishop Purcell administered the Sacrament of Confirmation for the first time in Columbus, and on the evening of that day preached a sermon on the Holy Trinity in the Senate Chamber of the old Statehouse, the only available hall at that time. In November, 1840, the Bishop again visited Columbus, and on Sunday, the twentyfirst of that month, celebrated Mass, gave an instruction at the Vesper service in the afternoon and lectured in the Hall of Representatives in the evening. During the week he lectured each evening in the Courthouse, which had been completed only a short time. On the following Sunday the Bishop and Father Henni, afterwards Archbishop of Milwaukee, officiated at the church, and in the evening the Father preached in German at the Courthouse. Father Young, the pastor, having expressed a desire to reside in Columbus if a house were built for him adjoining the church, the congregation took prompt measures to comply with his wishes, and within one year — that is by April 1, 1843 — had a residence ready for occupancy. First Resident Priest.—But Father -Young was not destined to be the first resident priest of Columbus, for on February 25, 1843, the Bishop sent Rev. William Sehonat, who had recently arrived in the diocese from Silesia, to assist the pastor on his mission during lent. A few weeks after Easter, as Father Sehonat was about to return to Cincinnati, the congregation petitioned the Bishop to have him retained as resident pastor, the labors of the mission really requiring two priests. The prayer was granted and on May 10, 1843, Father Schonat took possession of the pastoral residence. First Catholic School.—Already the little church was found inadequate to the needs of the rapidly growing congregation, and Father Schonat was obliged to say two masses on Sundays and Holydays of obligation to accommodate all who attended.' The pastor was also solicitous for the spiritual condition of the children of his flock, and was anxious to gather them under the shadow of the church where worldly science could be taught in union with the science of God. One of his first undertakings. therefore, was the building of a school. His efforts were heartily seconded by the congregation, and in a short time he had a frame building erected on the church lot. It was the first parochial school in Columbus and was taught by secular teachers. Holy Cross Church.—Whilst Father Young retained charge of the missions at Lancaster with his home at that place, Father Schonat attended Delaware and Marion from Columbus. To the advantage of the English and German speaking people these Fathers often exchanged places and thus labored together in a manner that gave the greatest spiritual benefits to all. On June 6, 1843, the Bishop visited the city and administered confirmation to a class of fiftyfive persons. Father Schonat was invited to accompany the Bishop on a visit throughout the northeastern portions of his diocese, which as yet included the whole 640 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. State of Ohio. The tour occupied three months and it was sometime in September before Father Schonat returned to his charge, the congregation in the meantime being attended, as necessity required, by Father Young and others. It became evident that early steps should be taken towards the erection of a larger church, and Father Schonat so announced to his people. Monthly meetings of the congregation were held and the subject was thoroughly discussed. The lot already in possession was too small, and preliminary measures were taken co purchase the adjoining property on Rich Street, which would give a total length on that street of 125 feet and 1871 along Fifth Street. The negotiations were successful and the additional lot was transferred November 10, 1845, by M. J. and L. T. Gilbert to the Bishop of the diocese, in trust for the congregation, the consideration being $600. Plans were prepared for the new church and submitted to a meeting of the congregation presided over by Father Schonat, on December 8. It was decided to build in the Gothic style of architecture an edifice of brick, plain and substantial, with stone foundation and trimmings, and good supporting buttresses. The dimensions were 115 feet by 62 with a height of 40 feet from floor to ceiling. A building committee consisting of Maurice McGuire, John Duffy, Jacob Schoeringer, Fredolin Mutter, Anton Rolling, Cornelius Jacobs, Joseph Sattler, Peter Ury, John F. Zimmer and George Entered, was elected by the congregation and urged to arrange for the commencement of the new structure in the early spring. The winter season, then at hand, was suggested as the best time to chop and hew the timber necessary. Mr. Zimmer and Mr. Lutz donated the timber on their lands for the framing of the roof and the construction of the gallery; others offered to do the chopping and hewing, and those having teams agreed to do the hauling. On an appointed day all met at two o'clock in the morning and proceeded to the timber lands, and in the evening returned with their wagons loaded. On account of meager cash subscriptions available and the large number of days' work subscribed, it was decided to have the excavating, masonry, bricklaying, carpentering etc., done by the day and credit given accordingly to all who made donations of the same. Joseph Satter was foreman of the stone and brick masons, J. Schoeringer and F. Mutter directed the carpenter work, and C. Jacobs was architect and general superintendent. During the winter the committee was active in the preparations for the spring work, receiving estimates and bids, and discussing the best means of raising the necessary funds. In those days church fairs, suppers, picnics and the like entertainments, had not yet been inaugurated, and all who could assist religious enterprises did so most willingly and with heartfelt thankfulness for the opportunity and the blessings that would certainly follow. On April 28, 1846, contracts for the necessary brick, stone, and other mate- rials were awarded and the work began with commendable earnestness. On Sunday, May 18, the cornerstone was blessed and placed in position with the prescribed ceremonies by the Bishop, Right Rev. J. B. Purcell, assisted by Rev. Fathers Schonat, Young and Juncker. The Bishop addressed the immense concourse of people, speaking most eloquently and interestingly on the Catholic Church and her divine commission, for over an hour and a half. He was followed by Father Schonat, who spoke in German on the same subject. By the end of the year the building was under roof and the doors and windows were closed with boards. Owing again to the want of necessary funds the structure was left in this condition, until the summer of 1847, when work on the interior was resumed and continued until it was ready for dedication, which took place January 16. 1848. Right Rev. Bishop Purcell was the officiant at the ceremonies, being assisted by the pastor, Father Schonat, and Fathers Young and Juncker, and Fathers Wood and Hammer. Father Wood .became Archbishop of Philadelphia and Father Young died Bishop of Erie, Pennsylvania. CATHOLIC - 641 Rev. Casper H Borgess.—It was Father Juncker's desire that this new church be dedicated to Almighty God in honor of the sacred instrument of redemption, and hence it was named the Church of the Holy Cross. But the zealous pastor, after witnessing the fruits of his anxieties and toils, was promoted by his bishop to the charge of an important congregation in Cincinnati. He sang his last High Mass in Holy Cross Church on the first anniversary of its dedication and was immediately succeeded by Rev. Casper Henry Borgess, the future Bishop of Detroit. During the pastorate of Father Borgess the tower was completed and the steeple built at a cost of about $7,000, and a chime of three bells, the first in the city, was placed therein. A new pulpit, side altars, and a grand pipe organ were also among the improvements made by Father Borgess. The old stone church which had been converted into a tworoom schoolhouse, was enlarged by a twenty-foot addition to the rear and a second story of brick, thus providing a school building with. four large rooms. In September, 1856, Father Borgess obtained the services of the Sisters of Notre Dame from Cincinnati, and put them in charge of the girls' school which had previously been taught by secular teachers. Rev. John B. Hemsteger.—For ten years Father Borgess administered the affairs of the parish, assisted most of the time by his uncle Rev. Otto Borgess. In May, 1859, he was appointed Chancellor of the diocese of Cincinnati, and was succeeded as pastor by Rev. John Bernard Hemsteger, May 5. Father Hemsteger had previously attended the missions at Piqua. Improvements commensurate with the growth of the congregation, and according to the advancing financial condition of the people, were continued under the administration of the new pastor. He caused the old frame residence of the priest to be torn down, and in its place erected the commodious house that the pastor at present occupies. Several improvements were made in the church, among them being the reconstructing and enlarging of the gallery, changing the stairs thereto, painting the interior and putting in new doorways. On March 28, 1866, the lot adjoining the church property to the east, 31 feet on Rich Street by 1781 feet along the alley, was purchased of Thomas Agnew for the purpose of enlarging the church building and obtai ning more room for a new school. The school was completed in 1870 and was dedicated by Bishop Rosecrans on August 20, that year, with a grand celebration by Catholic societies. The building contains eight large class rooms and a fine lecture hall. In 1874 a handsome main altar was erected at the cost of $3,300. On Sunday, June. 3, 1877, after the services of the day were over commemorating the Golden Jubilee of Pope Pius IX, a fire originated at the High Altar, which was completely destroyed, as was also the grand organ costing $3,000, and the church was damaged to the extent of $1,500. The congregation set to work with commendable zeal to repair their losses, and in the meantime services were held in the school hall. The church, enlarged and improved under contract with Valentine Merk, was dedicated on-Sunday, December 23, 1877, Right Rev. Bishop Toebbe, of Covington, Kentucky, officiating and preaching the sermon. The clergymen assisting in the ceremony and at the solemn High Mass were Very Rev. J. B. Hemsteger, and Reverends F. X. Speck, C. R. Rhode, G. H. Ahrens, R. C. Christi, J. C. Goldschmidt and J. J. Jessing. In the afternoon Pontifical Vespers were sung by Right Rev. Bishop Rosecrans assisted by Very Rev. J. B. Hemsteger and Rev. R. C. Christi, C. R. Rhode and G. H. Ahrens. The Bishop gave a short sketch of the history of the congregation. The music on the occasion was under the direction of the organist, Professor H. J. Nothnagel. Father Hemsteger, though a constant sufferer from an incurable ailment, worked unceasingly among the people, who were devotedly attached to him, and contemplated 41* 642 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. still further improvements in his church. But his declining health admonished him to prepare for death, and on Friday, October 18, 1878, he passed away from the scenes of his labors. No pastor was more deeply mourned. Father Hemsteger was born in the Province of Westphalia September 24, 1827. Beginning his studies in his native place, he came to this country and completed them at Mount St. Mary's Seminary, Cincinnati, where he was ordained priest by the Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell on March 12,1854. His first mission was at Piqua, this State. In 1859 he was appointed pastor of Holy Cross Church, succeeding Father Borgess. When Columbus diocese was formed in 1868, Right Rev. S. H. Rosecrans, the first Bishop, appointed him his Vicar-General, which office he held until his death. Right Rev. Bishop Toebbe, of Covington, sang the solemn requiem Mass at the funeral and the Most Rev. Archbishop of Cincinnati preached the sermon. Very Rev. Father Hemsteger was assisted during his pastorate of Holy- Cross by Rev. Francis Karrell, 1859-60 ; Rev. Casper Wiese, 1860-61 ; Rev. Jacob Rosswog, 1861 ; Rev. Joseph Seling, 1861-62 ; Rev. F. X. Specht, 1864-68 ; Rev. G. H. Ahrens' 1868-72 ; Rev. J. B. Eis, 1873-16 ; Rev. A. Weber, 1876-77 ; Rev. C. R. Rhode, 1877-78. Rev. George H. Ahrens.—In November following the death of Vicar General Hemsteger, Rev. Father Ahrens was transferred from the Cathedral to the pastoral charge of Holy Cross where he remained until his death, which occurred March 25, 1884. Father Ahrens was born in Cincinnati, in 1841. His preparatory studies were made in his native city, and at St. Vincent's College, Westmore- land County, Pennsylvania. He completed his studies at Mount St. Mary's Seminary, Cincinnati, where he was ordained by the Archbishop. He was sent to take charge of the German congregation at Ironton, but when the diocese of Columbus was formed, Bishop Rosecrans appointed Father Ahrens Chancellor in 1867, and placed him as assistant at St. Patrick's Church, where the Bishop had taken charge as pastor pending the building of the Cathedral. In 1868 Father Ahrens was sent as assistant to Father Hemsteger, where he labored with commendable zeal for four years, much of the parish work devolving upon him owing to the pastor's ill health. The handsome and commodious school building was erected under the supervision of Father Ahrens. On the opening of St. Aloysius's Seminary, on the West Side, Columbus, in 1871, Father Ahrens was made a professor in the institution and most faithfully discharged his duties up to the time of the closing of the Seminary in 1876. He was then stationed at the Cathedral and attended the Catholic prisoners in the Ohio Penitentiary, where he said Mass every Sunday morning for nearly two years, when, upon the death of Father Hemsteger he was appointed pastor of Holy Cross by the Administrator, Very Rev. N. A. Gallagher. Rev. Clement R. Rhode. —Soon after the death of Father Ahrens, Right Rev. Bishop Watterson appointed Rev. Clement R. Rhode pastor, who continues the good work inaugurated by his predecessors and enjoys the devoted love of a large congregation. Many excellent improvements have been made in the church ; the whole interior has been decorated in beautiful designs and embellished with numerous mural paintings. The exterior has also been tastefully painted. September 7, 1888, the congregation celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of its foundation. Solemn High Mass in the presence of the Bishop was celebrated by the pastor, assisted by some of the city clergy. Rev. Joseph J. Jessing preached the sermon. In the afternoon Bishop Watterson sang Pontifical Vespers assisted by the same priests who were present at the morning service. Right Rev. Bishop Watterson preached an eloquent sermon reviewing the growth of the church in Columbus during the half century. As pastor Rev. Father Rhode is assisted by Father Joseph J. Jessing, founder and director of the Josephinum, whose histor- CATHOLIC - 643 ical sketch appears further on. On July 1, 1892, the congregation bought a piece of property on Walnut Street opposite the church site for $1,500. St. Patrick's Church. —Holy Cross enjoys the distinction of being the mother of the Catholic churches of Columbus. It was the first fully organized congregation with a resident pastor, at the time w hen services were held in the original church of St. Remigius. From Holy Cross congregation, composed of early Catholic settlers and their families with many later accessions, were formed other large and important congregations. The German element, which constituted fully threefourths of the whole number of families, predominated and had contributed the greater amount towards erection of the church and support of the pastor. As there was growing need of another church building, Holy Cross being too small to accommodate the congregation, it was agreed, with the approval of the Bishop, to build a church for the English-speaking Catholics of the city. These latter were mostly of Irish descent, with a number also, of American families. Accordingly, a separate congregation was formed in February, 1851, by Rev. John Furlong, sent by the Bishop for that purpose. Father Furlong had many difficulties to contend with, and made little progress in his mission. The congregation formed under his pastorate arranged the times for their services at Holy Cross Church so as not to interfere with the congregation of the latter. This arrangement was continued until the new church was ready for occupancy. After a year's stay in the city Father Furlong was succeeded by Rev. James Meagher who entered upon his labors with an enthusiasm that inspired his entire flock. Father Meagher immediately began negotiations for the purchase of an eligible site upon which to erect a church. His efforts were successful, and a lot 187 feet square on the northeast corner of Seventh Street — now Grant Avenue — and Naghten Street was purchased of Robert E. Neil for one thousand dollars. Holy Cross congregation contributed twelve hundred dollars towards the new church in lieu of paidup subscriptions made by English-speaking Catholics to the old church. The plans of a church 125 feet long and 52 feet wide, in the Norman style of architecture, were adopted and the contract for erection of the building was awarded to John D. Clarke and Michael Harding. The new church was placed under the patronage of St. Patrick, Apostle of Ireland, and the cornerstone was laid on Sunday, September 5, 1852, by Right Rev. Bishop Purcell, assisted by all the local clergy, and in the presence of a large concourse of people. Father Meagher well understood the magnitude of the work before him and he labored zealously and with heroic courage to accomplish it. The obtaining of means was a wearying task among the Catholics, who were generally in very poor circumstances. Here and there and everywhere along the lines of railroads, on the streets, in the houses of rich and poor went this indefatigable worker collecting money to pay for his church. Within one year the edifice was sufficiently completed to be occupied, and on Sunday, September 25, 1853, it was solemnly dedicated to Almighty God by the same Right Rev. prelate who had the previous year laid its cornerstone. High Kass was sung by Rev. M. Blake, of Xenia, assisted by Rev. Fathers Borgess and Meagher. The choir of Holy Cross Church, under direction of Professor Kronenbitter, sang Buehler's Mass. The Bishop preached an eloquent sermon on the occasion, alluding to the happy growth of the Catholic Church in this city. The following year a brick school building was erected beside the church on Mount Vernon Avenue.. In August, 1865, Father Meagher engaged the services of the Sisters of Notre Dame, from Cincinnati, who took immediate charge of the girls' school. Lay teachers were employed in the boys' school. These Sisters were the first religious community to have a convent home in our city. A bell, noted for its sweet tones, was purchased and from the tower of St. Patrick's was the first in the city to peal forth the joyous " Angelus " at morning, noon and evening. A residence for the pastor was begun in 1857, but 644 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. was not quite completed by Father Meagher, though he occupied it previously to the appointment of his successor. Rev. Edmund D. Flaherty was sometime assistant pastor. Early in the fall of 1857 Rev. Father Meagher, much to the regret of his devoted flock,, was transferred to Cincinnati by his Bishop, and Rev. Edward M. Fitzgerald was sent to take charge of the congregation. Father Fitzgerald had just been ordained, and brought to this his first field of time all the energy and zeal of a young and fervent priest. In a very short time he had won the affections of the large and rapidly increasing congregation. His labors were signally successful. He gave careful attention to the improvement of the school which had already a good beginning, and introduced the Brothers of the Holy Cross from Notre Dame, Indiana, who were put in charge of the boys' department. The pastoral residence was completed, making it one of the finest in the city, and an addition was put to the school building just doubling its former capacity, providing for four rooms for the boys and as many for the girls. The structure was completed in 1864 and has supplied the school needs of the parish to the present time. The interior of the church was beautifully frescoed, the walls displaying lifesize representations of the apostles, which are still preserved. A pipe organ and new altars added much to the embellishment and attractiveness of the interior. Father Fitzgerald's pastorate extended through the trying and exciting times of the Civil War, and he very emphatically testified his unflinching loyalty to the government by floating the Stars and Stripes from the most prominent tower of the church. Under his auspices the Irish-Catholic military company — the Montgomery Guards — was organized. He fostered the organization with a feeling of laudable pride, and encouraged them to be among the volunteers to offer their services when the first call was made for defenders of the flag. He was a frequent visitor to Camp Chase, located west of the city, where he ministered to the sick and dying, whether Union soldiers or Confederate prisoners. In 1862-65, the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis were struggling in the establishment of the hospital which bears the name of their saint. Father Fitzgerald cooperated with Father Hemsteger, pastor of the German Church, in assisting these selfsacrificing Sisters in their great work of charity, and the result is known today by all our citizens in the grand hospital which has done so much for suffering humanity. It was owing to Father Fitzgerald's individual exertions, too, that the Sisters of the Good Shepherd secured a permanent and beautiful convent home for their charitable work in Columbus. The present imposing Cathedral was the outgrowth of plans first devised by the pastor of St. Patrick's, who wished to meet the demands of increasing numbers of Catholics in the more central portion of the city. It had long been predicted that Columbus would be a Bishop's see and thus it was anticipated that the new church should become a Cathedral. Father Fitzgerald bent all his energies towards its erection. Having purchased the grounds on favorable terms and proceeded with the foundation, the cornerstone was laid in the fall of 1866. Further particulars of this event will be given in the historical sketch of St. Joseph's Cathedral. But Father Fitzgerald was not destined to realize his hopes. The hardworking and popular pastor found favor in the eyes of his ecclesiastical superiors, who, appreciating also his deep learning and piety, called him to a membership in the hierarchy of the Church in America. In December, 1866, Pope Pius IX named Father Fitzgerald as Bishop of the see of Little Rock, Arkansas. St. Patrick's congregation felt that they were about to sustain a great loss, though they rejoiced in seeing their pastor so much honored. Petitions were circulated to have him retained in the city, which was about to become a Bishop's seat. But their importunities were of no avail, and on February 3, 1867, Father Fitzgerald was consecrated Bishop of Little Rock by Most Reverend CATHOLIC - 645 Archbishop Purcell, assisted by Bishop Lynch, of Toronto, and Bishop Rosecrans of Cincinnati. The sermon was preached by Rev. Patrick J. Ryan, now the illustrious Archbishop of Philadelphia. The beautiful and impressive ceremony of consecration was witnessed for the first time in Columbus by a vast congregation of people from the city and neighboring towns which filled all available space in St. Patrick's Church and completely surrounded the sacred edifice during the entire function. The young Bishop in taking leave of his flock, to 'whom he had ministered for ten years, was made the recipient of many testimonials of their affectionate regard, and the citizens of Columbus, without regard to creed, joined in expressing regrets at his departure. During the years of his pastoral charge, Father Fitzgerald, or " Father Edward," as he was familiarly called, was assisted by the following priests in succession.: Rev. J. Coppinger, 1861-2; Rev. John B. Murray, 1863-5; Rev. Joseph Fitzgerald, his brother, 1865 6; Rev. F. C. Mallon, 1866-7. When Bishop Fitzgerald was leaving the city, in.February, 1867, the diocese of Columbus had not vet been formally erected by Rome, though it was definitely settled that this city should be a Bishop's see. The preliminary step in this direction was taken when Right Rev. Sylvester Horton Rosecrans, D. D., was transferred to Columbus as pastor of St. Patrick's, succeeding Father Fitzgerald. Doctor Rosecrans was •consecrated in 1862 as Bishop of Pompeiopolis a forsaken see in possession of' infidels, to act as auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati. He arrived in Columbus February 28, 1867, and announced that he came simply as pastor of St. Patrick's Church under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Cincinnati. The Bishop continued to act in this capacity for over one year. Diocese of Columbus.— In July, 1868, the Apostolic Letters creating the diocese of Columbus were received by the Archbishop of Cincinnati. They prescribed the boundaries and extent of the new diocese as follows: The territory of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati is divided in such wise that the part of the State of Ohio which lies between the Ohio River on the east and the Scioto River on the west, with the addition of the counties of Franklin, Delaware and Morrow as far up as the southern limits of Cleveland diocese, shall belong to the new division ; and the rest of the State south of Cleveland diocese, including Union, Marion and Hardin counties, remain in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. We will also that the see of the new Cathedral be fixed in the city of Columbus and its diocese be called Columbensis, and possess all the honors, rights and privileges which other Episcopal sees possess and enjoy.- These letters were dated at Rome, March 3, 1868, and named Right Rev. S. H. Rosecrans as first Bishop of the new diocese. Bishop Rosecrans remained at St. Patrick's as pastor, and with that church as the pro-Cathedral, while St. Joseph's Church, now determined upon as the Cathedral, was in process of construction. He was assisted in 1867-8 by Rev. George H. Ahrens, Chancellor, and upon the latter's removal to Holy Cross, Rev. P. J. Daily and Rev. F. Gouesse became assistants in 1868-9. During 1869 Rev. N. A. Gallagher, Rev. J. McPhilips and Rev. J. A. Rotchford, 0. P., were also stationed at St. Patrick's, attending parochial duties. Father Gallagher remained until the fall of 1871, when he became President of St. Aloysius Seminary, just established on the West Side, as a diocesan institution for the preparation of young men for the priesthood. Father Rotchford continued to assist until 1872. Father Gallagher was succeeded as assistant by.Rev. Jeremiah A. Murray and later by Rev. William T. Hawe. In the meantime work on the Cathedral had progressed to such a stage that it was ready for occupancy in December, 1872. Rev. Father Murray was then appointed pastor of St. Patrick's. In 1873 Rev. J. A. Casella succeed Father Murray in the pastorate, having for assistants Rev. Henry Anderson in 1873, Rev. Killian Coll, Rev. J. F. Boulger and Rev. J. B. Schmitt in 1874. During the tem- 646 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. porary absence of Father Casella in 1874, Fathe Schmitt solicited funds and purchased therewith the sweet-sounding bell that now swings in the tower, the old bell having become worthless by cracking. Rev. H. J. McDevitt and Rev. Joseph M. Toohey were assistants in 1875 and 1876, respectively. In July, 1876, Rev. Father Casella returned to his native France to remain, and Very Rev. N. A. Gallagher became pastor, the Seminary over which he presided having closed for want of funds. Father Gallagher was assisted by Rev. J. M. Toohey and Rev. R. J. Fitzgerald. By this time old St. Patrick's began to show the ravages of time and Father Gallagher determined upon making much needed repairs and improvements. In the spring of 1877 the work of renovation began. The walls, which had begun to weaken, were strengthened by buttresses, a wellhraced slate roof took the place of the shingle one ; new stained-glass windows with remodeled frames were put in, and the whole interior was beautified. The contractors for these improvements were John D. Clarke and Charles Wolfe!. On Sunday, December 23, the building was ready for rededication. The ceremony was performed by Right Rev. Bishop Rosecrans, assisted by the pastor, Rev. M. M. Meara, Rev. R J. Fitzgerald, Rev. T. J. Lane, and Seminarians. Alter the dedicatory ceremonies Solemn High Mass, in the presence of the Bishop vested in Cope and Mitre, was celebrated by Very Rev. N. A. Gallagher, with Rev. T. J. Lane as deacon, Mr. L. W. Mulhane subdeacon and Mr. John McGirk as master of ceremonies. Fathers Meara and Fitzgerald assisted at the throne The Right Rev. Bishop preached on the duty of supporting the church and referred to the hardships and struggles of the early Catholics in erecting this House of God. In the afternoon Bishop Toebbe, of Covington, Kentucky, who had officiated in the morning at a similar ceremony at Holy Cross Church, sang Pontifical Vespers, assisted by the same clergymen who were present at the morning services. The good Bishop spoke of the glorious day just closing for Columbus Catholics — the dedication of two Churches. He paid a fine tribute to St. Patrick and his children. Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament closed the day's exercises. The following societies were present in regalia: Knights of the Red Cross, St. Joseph's Benevolent Society, St. Patrick's Total Abstinence Society and the Ancient Order of Hibernians. Upon the death of Bishop Rosecrans in October, 1878, Father Gallagher was appointed administrator of the diocese by the Most Rev. Archbishop of Cincinnati. As soon as Rome had confirmed the appointment, the administrator entered upon his duties and to do so more advantageously took up his residence at the Cathedral, leaving Rev. John Madden in temporary charge at St. Patrick's. Rev. J. E. McGirk was appointed assistant in 1879 and remained until 1882. In August, 1880, Right Rev. J. A. Watterson was consecrated Bishop, succeeding the late Bishop Rosecrans, thus relieving Father Gallagher as administrator, who . again assumed direct pastoral charge of St. Patrick's Church, with Fathers Madden and McGirk as assistants. But other and higher honors awaited Father Gallagher. Soon after Bishop Watterson's consecration, he was appointed Vicar-General, which office he held only a little over a year, when Pope Leo XI II named him Bishop Administrator of the Diocese of Galveston, Texas, in December, 1881. Thus was another faithful pastor called from St. Patrick's to receive the mitre. For some months in 1882 Rev. T. F. Delaney was in temporary charge of the congregation, and in the latter part of that year Rev: A. 0. Walker was made pastor. During Father Delaney's time the interior of the church underwent many marked improvements under his supervision. The walls and ceilings were newly painted in beautiful designs and with handsome representations of the patron Saints of the Church. During Father Walker's incumbency he was appointed Vicar-General and continued pastor with Father Delaney as assistant until 1885. In the summer of 1885 the parish was given in charge to the Dominican Fathers CATHOLIC - 647 with Rev. P. C. Coll, O. P., as pastor, assisted by Fathers McManus and Spencer. Father Coll in 1886 had steam-heating apparatus put into the church and school. Father Hugh Lilly, 0. P., succeeded Father Coll in the pastorate in the fall of 1886 and continued in that position until May, 1888, when Father McManus, 0. P., the present pastor, was appointed, Father Lilly being transferred to New York. Father McManus has been assisted by the following priests in succession : Rev. Fathers De Cantillon, Edelen, Leonard, Brewer, Towle, McGovern, Logan, Dunn, Carr and O'Leary. Besides attending the parish of St. Patrick's these same Dominican Fathers have, since 1886, ministered to the spiritual needs of the Catholic prisoners in the Ohio Penitentiary and the patients of St. Francis's Hospital. Besides many improvements in church and school, Father McManus has this year purchased a magnificent new pipe organ. St. Mary's Church.—The division of Holy Cross congregation by the formation of St. Patrick's congregation in 1851 left ample accommodation for increasing membership in the former for many years thereafter. As early, however, as 1863, the German Catholics of the extreme southern portion of the city began agitating for a church of their own, as Holy Cross was becoming crowded and was at an inconvenient distance. With this object in view the present site of St. Mary's Church was purchased in 1863, under the direction of the pastor of Holy Cross, Rev. Father Hemeteger, and a committee selected for the purpose, consisting of Louis Zettler, Peter Hinterschitt, John Ranft, Frederick Weber, Frank Wagner, Peter Boehm and Cornelius Lang. Rev. Francis X. Specht, who came to the city as an assistant at Holy Cross in March, 1864, became identified with the move- ment to build a church and schoolhouse, and under his supervision the school was first erected at a cost of $9,000. It was ready for occupancy in 1865. Early in 1866, the church was commenced and in August of that year the cornerstone was laid by Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, assisted by Bishop Young and a large number of clergymen. During 1867 the edifice was enclosed, and in the following year it was ready for dedication. On November 30, Right Rev. Bishop Rosecrans solemnly dedicated the church to Almighty 'God, under the invocation of St. Mary. Many priests were present at the ceremonies, and societies from the city and neighboring towns gave a street parade. Bishop Rosecrans preached the sermon. The church, which is of Gothic design, 621 feet wide, 140 feet in depth, 75 feet in height — 60 feet clear — is constructed with all the conveniences found in Catholic churches, in a substantial and workmanlike manner. The walls and ceiling were richly frescoed and a main altar 45 feet high and 20 feet wide, of Gothic design and finish and costing $2,500, was erected. An elegant pulpit and confessional of the same material, white walnut, were purchased at a cost of $1,170. There is a seating capacity of about 1,000. In March, preceding the church's dedication, Father Specht was duly appointed its pastor by Bishop Rosecrans ; he has continued in that position to the present time, August, 1892 much to the satisfaction and happiness of the very large congregation. A chime of three bells, costing $2,200, was hung in the tower in 1870. A priest's residence, costing $6,000, was built in 1872, and a house for the Sisters of St. Francis, who, in 1875, succeeded the Sisters of Notre Dame in charge of the schools, was completed that year. A grand pipe organ was purchased from a local builder in November, 1875, and was pronounced the best in the city at that time. To meet the requirements of the congregation's steady growth it was necessary to erect an additional schoolhouse in 1887, thus providing ample accommodations for the children for some years to come. March 12, 1889, was a glorious holiday for the people of St. Mary's parish, for on that day their beloved pastor reached the silvery ear of his priesthood. His friends among the clergy and laity joined in extending congratulations and bestowing substantial testimonials of their regard. Though Father Specht has not 648 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS of late years been alone in his labors, being assisted by Rev. Father B. Horney for some time past, still the burden of the large parish is cheerfully borne by him, and in his labors in our city he has won the hearts of a host of friends and the respect of all who have ever had the pleasure of his acquaintance. Upon the retirement of Very Rev. Father Walker to the Dominican Monastery, and his con sequent resignation of the office of Vicar-General of the diocese in 1885, the Bishop appointed Father Specht to succeed him. In 1890 new stained-glass windows were put into the church, adding much to its interior appearance. St. Joseph's Cathedral.—Causes similar to those which brought about a division of Holy Cross congregation and the formation of that of St. Mary's conspired to produce the organization of a cathedral congregation, namely: Lack of accommodations in the old church and a desire for. a new one more centrally located. In the summer of 1866 the matter assumed a definite and positive form, and Rev. Edward M. Fitzgerald, then pastor of St. Patrick's, inaugurated measures looking to the erection of a new church. Father Fitzgerald was greatly encouraged by the generous subscriptions made, aggregating nearly $37,000 from about 250 donors. From the more influential members of the congregation was chosen a building committee, among the members of which were John Conahan, Theodore Leonard, treasurer, John Joyce, John D. Clarke, Thomas Bergin, William Naghten, secretary, John Caren, Michael Harding, William Wall, James Naughton, William Riches, John McCabe, Michael Hartman, John Duffy, Martin Whalen, Bernard NcNally and Michael Galvin. These gentlemen heartily cooperated with their pastor in his efforts, and under his direction labored commendably in procuring the necessary means to assure a successful issue to the undertaking. A subcommittee to act in concert with Father Fitzgerald, was selected to examine and discuss favorable locations for the church. Many eligible sites were proposed, but the prevailing desire was to have the edifice erected on Broad Street, which was then assuming the beautiful appearance which now makes it the pride of the city. The present site of the cathedral and the quarter square on the northwest corner of Broad and Fourth streets were for some time considered, but the choice finally fell upon the lot first named as the more advantageous, and through John Joyce land comprising two lots with a total frontage of 120 feet on Broad Street and a depth of 200 feet on Fifth Street was purchased of John Miller for $13,500. The deed was dated in April, 1866. Mr. Miller afterwards donated the odd $500. A beginning was thus made and a grand church that should be a monument to the zeal and generosity of the Catholics of Columbus became an assured reality. A large meeting of the men of St. Patrick's parish was held and discussed, among other subjects, the name of the new church. The pastor left the choice to the meeting, which, on motion of J. D. Clarke, adopted the name of St. Joseph. Michael Harding, an architect who had been requested to prepare plans and specifications, submitted them and they were adopted. They projected a church 193 feet long and 90 feet wide. These plans were somewhat modified as to the superstructure as the work progressed, but the ground plan remained unchange 1. Mr. Harding staked out the foundation on June 6, 1866, and John McCabe, contractor, immediately began the work of excavation, followed directly by John Stoddard who had the contract for the masonry. Work continued on the foundation until November, 1866, when everything was in readiness for the ceremony of cornerstone laying, which took place on November 11. The Most Reverend Archbishop Purcell and a large number of other distinguished prelates were expected to be present on the occasion, but a previous appointment prevented the attendance of the Archbishop and his place was supplied by Right Rev. Doctor Rosecrans, Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati. CATHOLIC - 649 The day was beautiful but chilly. The procession of societies formed at St. Patrick's at two o'clock P. m. with Captain William Riches as chief marshal and the following gentlemen as assistants : City Marshal Patrick Murphy, Thomas Bergin, James Joyce, J. C. Nevill, Patrick Dunn, George Burke, John Howard, William Naghten, John Caren. The procession moved in the following order : Hemmerbach's Band, St. Joseph’s Mutual Benevolent Society, St. Boniface’s, St. John,s, St. Martin’s, and St. Aloysius’s societies of Holy Cross Church ; subdeacon, carrying processional cross accompanied by acolytes, twenty sanctuary boys in cassock and surplice, carriages containing the bishop and clergy, Sodality .of the Blessed Virgin, Holy Angels, Society, the class of boys and girls who had received First Communion and Confirmation in the forenoon of that day, St. Patrick’s Society from London, societies from Newark and Delaware, and finally St. Patrick’s Society of Columbus. The procession, displaying brilliant regalia and beautiful banners, attracted large crowds of people as it moved to the site of the new church by way of Seventh Street, now Grant Avenue, and Broad Street. Arriving at the foundations, the societies formed a guard on the outer wall. The windows of neighboring houses, the streets and every available portion of ground for a considerable distance round about, were occupied by people anxious to witness the ceremonies. The stone was laid on the southeast corner of the building, at the intersection of Broad and Fifth streets, and in its cavity was placed the usual sealed tin-box containing the name of the church, the names of the principal officers of the National and State governments, copies of recent Columbus newspapers, the names of the reigning Pope, Archbishop of Province, and pastor ; also the names of the officiating Bishop and assistants and numerous other articles to serve as mementos of the occasion. The bishop delivered an address from the temporary platform, and in eloquent and forcible language plead the divinity of the Catholic Church. At the conclusion, of the sermon the Te Deum was sung, Hemmersbach,s brass band playing an accompaniment. The clergymen present were Rev. Father O'Reilly, of Valparaiso, Indiana ; Rev. John B. Murray, of Chillicothe ; Reverends Louis Cartuyven and Daily. of Newark ; Rev. E. M. Fitzgerald, pastor of St. Patrick's Church ; Reverends John B. Hemsteger and Francis X. Specht, of Holy Cross Church ; Rev. Father Hildebrand, Chaplain of St. Francis Hospital. Special trains on different railways brought large delegations from adjoining towns, the number in attendance being estimated at fully 6,000. The cornerstone being laid the foundation walls were covered over for the winter, the intention being to resume work on the building with the opening of spring. In the meantime, however, Papal Bulls were received naming Father Fitzgerald Bishop of Little Rock, Arkansas. He was consecrated in February, 1867, and was succeeded in the pastorate by Bishop Rosecrans, who in March, 1868, became the first Bishop of the new Diocese of Columbus. The Bishop immediately determined to continue the work of building the new church which was to be known as St. Joseph’s Cathedral. Some changes were made in the plans and it was decided to construct it of stone instead of brick, as originally contemplated. This necessitated firmer and deeper foundation walls in many places and the old walls were torn down to build new ones in their places. Another change made consisted in placing the tower and Baptistery in the southwest corner instead of in the centre of the front. The original plan, however, was substantially preserved. The building is Gothic in architecture, and the outside finish is known as the boasted ashlar, the chiseling of the stone relieving the dead appearance of a yellow stone wall. The stone, which possesses the property of hardening by exposure to the air, was obtained principally from quarries in Licking and Fairfield