650 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. counties. The dimensions of the building are ninetytwo feet fronting on Broad Street and one hundred and eighty-five feet on Fifth Street. The outside walls are forty-two feet in height from the ground level and thirty-four feet from the floor line. The inside or clear story walls have an altitude of seventy feet from the ground and sixty-two from the floor. The main walls are three feet thick. The clearstory walls, supported by arches, rest on clusters of Gothic columns, standing on dressed limestone pedestals. Stone crosses surmount the outside walls at intervals and give a decided relief to their otherwise dullness. The windows are cased in freestone obtained in Pickaway County. The brackets are cut from Columbus limestone and are about the only stone articles in the structure procured at home. The seating capacity of the Cathedral is over two thousand. On Broad Street there are three main entrances and on Fifth Street one. Entrance is gained to the sacristies by a door at the rear on Fifth Street and from the pastoral residence. The arching of the windows and the supports of the clearstory carry out the directions of General W. S. Rosecrans, who, in the summer of 1870, spent some time with hisbrother, the Right Reverend Bishop, assisting in the details of the construction. The windows, all donated, are of stained glass in beautiful designs. The interior walls have only the sandstone finish, while the groined arches of the ceiling harmonize with them, being penciled in imitation of a vaulted roof. When the tower and spire shall have been completed they will attain a height of two hundred and fifty feet. Rev. J. A. Murray, at the time pastor of St. Patrick's Church, was of much service in the construction of the Cathedral. Being placed in the position of general supervisor, he brought to bear upon the work the busi ness tact and shrewdness for which' he was noted. He, more than anyone else, carried out the plans and ideas of General Rosecrans, making only such changes as were absolutely necessary in the course of construction. From 1870 until the completion of the building Mr. Michael Fahey was the diligent superintendent. In order to have the new congregation organized as well as to relieve the overcrowded condition of the other churches that would contribute membership to the cathedral, the Bishop decided to open a temporary chapel in a part of the city convenient for most of the congregation. With this end in view Naughton Hall, situated on the east side of High Street, between State and Town, was leased early in 1870, for religious services until the cathedral should be in readiness. The hall, after being arranged with altar, organ, seats and other furniture, had the appearance of a comfortable little church with a seating capacity of over 500. The bishop, assisted by Father J. A. Murray and other priests at St. Patrick's, attended the chapel. The choir, a very good one, was under the direction of Mr. M. Fahey, who has been connected with our Catholic choirs for more than thirty-five years. A few months after its organization the cathedral chapel congregation, as it was called, was placed under the care of Rev. J. F. Rotchford, O. P., whom the bishop secured for a few years service, from the Dominican Fathers of New York. In 1872, Father Rotchford was called by his superiors to duties elsewhere and the bishop, assisted by Rev. N. A. Gallagher, conducted the religious services in the chapel until the occupancy of the Cathedral. On Christmas Day, 1872, the Cathedral was in readiness for divine services and Right Rev. Bishop Rosecrans had the happiness of celebrating Pontifical High Mass for the first time in the grand and imposing structure. The Bishop was assisted on this occasion by many priests of the city. Though cold and disagreeable the day, and quite uncomfortable within the edifice owing to some defects in the steam fitting, a large congregation filled all the available space in the auditorium, remaining throughout the long and interesting service. Soon after the opening of the cathedral a large and costly main altar was erected. It was built mostly of marble donated by the late Cardinal McCloskey, from the quarries in New York State where the handsome marble for the famous St. Patrick's Cathe- CATHOLIC - 651 dral in New York City was obtained. The side altars were afterwards added. They were of the same material. The Right Rev. Bishop was himself rector of the Cathedral, being assisted in 1873 by Rev. N. A. Gallagher and Rev. H. Anderson. As there was yet no residence for the Bishop and clergy at the Cathedral, they remained at St. Patrick's rectory until, through the agency of Father Anderson, the Bishop purchased the house of Joseph Gundersheimer on the south side of East Broad Street between Sixth and Seventh. Generous subscriptions were taken up to pay for the new pastoral residence and the furnishing thereof, and before the end of the year 1873 the clergy, with the Bishop, were comfortably located. But it was soon found to be at an inconvenient distance from the Cathedral and the Bishop arranged for the erection of a residence adjoining that structure. It was occupied by the priests in 1875, the Bishop disposing of the former property and taking up his own residence at the Sacred Heart Convent opened a few years previously at the southeast corner of Broad and Seventh streets and conducted by the Dominican Sisters. The following priests assisted the Bishop in the care of the large congregation : Rev N. A. Gallagher, present Bishop of Galveston, 1873; Rev. H. Anderson, 1873-1875 ; Rev. F. J. Campbell, 1873-1876 ; Rev. M. M. Meara, 1874 1882; Rev. M. M. A. Hartnedy, 1875, and 1878-1879; Rev. J. Toohey, 1876 ; Rev. J. P. Daly, 1876; Rev. J. A. Murray, 1876; Rev. J. Meara, 1877; Rev. G. H. Ahrens, 1877-1878; Rev. T. J. Lane, 1878; Rev. F. M Woesman, 1878-1879. Until the summer of 1878, the congregation used the Cathedral with its interior in an unfinished condition, no plastering having yet been done. In May, 1878, John D. Clarke and Charles Nagel contracted as lowest bidders to erect a scaffold and put on a groined ceiling under .direction of Rev. M. M. Meara. As the Bishop witnessed the near completion of his grand Cathedral, he determined to have it solemnly consecrated with all the pomp and ceremony of the Pontifical. Accordingly Sunday, October 20, 1878, was set as the day which should become memorable in the history of the Diocese of Columbus, and preparations for the consecration were made on a very elaborate scale. All the clergy of the diocese were expected to assist at the sacred ceremonies and a large number of the hierarchy of the United States accepted invitations to be present. Consecration of the Cathedral.—The twentieth of October was an ideal autumn day. The coolness of the advancing season was just sufficiently moderated by the genial warmth of the bright sun to render the day all that could be desired for the occasion so anxiously anticipated by thousands who came from far and near to participate in it. The faultless arrangement of the committees having the various portions of the celebration in charge insured perfect success. The consecration ceremonies began at five o'clock in the morning and occupied nearly four hours. The conaecrator was Right Rev. Joseph Dwenger, of' Fort Wayne, Indiana; Assistant Priest, Rev. J. B. Schmitt, Lancaster;; First Deacon, Rev. G. H. Ahrens ; Second Deacon, Rev. H. B. Dues; Subdeacon, Rev. M. M. A. Hartnedy ; Chanters, Reverend J. B. Eis,Rev. P. Kenmert ; Rev. F. Moitrier, Rev. P. Thurhei mer. Other offices were filled by seminarians and sanctuary boys. The beautiful and interesting ceremony was carried out in its entirety under the direction of Very Rev. N. A. Gallagher as Master of Ceremonies, assisted by Mr. L. W. Mal- pane, now the Rector of St. Vincent de Paul's Church, Mount Vernon. The decorations of the auditorium and the sanctuary were in keeping with the grand and festive occasion and elicited the admiration of all. At eleven o'clock the Pontifical High Mass was begun with the following officers : Celebrant, Right Rev. Silas Chatard, Bishop of Vincennes, Indiana; Assistant Priest, Rev. J. Donahoe ; First Deacon of Honor, Rev. F. X. Specht; Second Deacon of Honor, Rev. J. Jessing; Officiating Deacon, Rev. F. J. Campbell ; Officiating Subdeacon, Rev. D. B. Cull. The Most Reverend Archbishop 652 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Purcell, of Cincinnati, occupied the throne at the Gospel side, while Right Reverend Bishop Rosecrans sat on another erected at the Epistle side. Right Rev. Bishops Gilmore, of Cleveland, Toebbe of Covington, Dwenger of Fort Wayne, Kain of Wheeling, and Spaulding of Peoria, assisted in the sanctuary, vested in rotchet and cape. Seated within the sanctuary railing were about fifty priests. After the first Gospel in the Mass had been sung, the Right Reverend Bishop of Peoria ascended the pulpit and read from manuscript a very learned discourse on Ceremonies and Symbols, in which he treated of their origin, nature and meaning in religious rites. Immediately after Mass Bishop Rosecrans announced the hour for Vespers in the evening and the funeral of the Vicar-General on Monday morning. That good priest's body was then lying in state in Holy Cross Church. The Bishop also stated that at his urgent solicitation the Archbishop would address the people. The venerable prelate, "the Patriarch of the West," then came forward to the ,sanctuary railing wearing his mitre and leaning on his crozier. In a voice tremulous with emotion and from the weakness of his age, nearly fourscore years, the Archbishop referred to the rapid progress of the Catholic Church in Columbus, its beginning and growth in this city being coeval with his, labors in the priesthood. He heartily congratulated the Catholics of this city upon the completion of the noble structure that had just been consecrated to the service of God. This day is surely one that the Lord hath made. The building of a Cathedral that reflected so much glory upon the Catholics of Columbus was one of the many admirable works that God had raised up Bishop Rosecrans to accomplish. Who would have thought that so much could have been done in so short a time ? He referred to the fact that Bishop Rosecrans was born of Protestant parents in Licking County. and raised, almost, among the people here. The Archbishop sketched the early careers of the other Prelates present, stating that he was acquainted with the father and grandfather of the celebrant of the Mass, Bishop Chatard. The speaker contrasted the ceremonies of today with those and the attending scenes of early times in Columbus, one occasion particularly being recalled when he celebrated Mass in a place used as a saloon, down on the banks of the Scioto, and the small apartment was so crowded that he begged some of the people to go out lest he should smother. The case was entirely different today as the large and imposing building testified. The Archbishop concluded his few remarks by urging Catholics to remain steadfast to that faith and its practices which will bring them to their highest and best place of worship—Heave n . The musical portions of the Mass were rendered by a choir of fifty voices selected from all the choirs of the city, with a few volunteer professionals under the direction of Professor H. J. Nothnagel. The orchestral accompaniment had a magnificent effect. It was the opinion of all lovers of musical art that as a church effort it was never equaled in the city. The Prelates were entertained at dinner by the Right Reverend Bishop Rosecrans at Sacred Heart Convent. In the afternoon a procession of the visiting and local Catholic societies took place. Forty-four societies, accompanied by nine brass bands, were in line. It was the greatest display that the Catholic societies ever made in Columbus, and the scene on East Broad Street as the procession moved on that beautiful thoroughfare was such as had never before been witnessed in Columbus. The handsome banners of gold, silk and satin, worked with numerous elegant patterns, their glittering mountings of gilded cross and golden cord and tassels, the many colored regalia of the different societies, the graceful plumes waving from burnished helmets, with here and there at frequent intervals our national standard floating in the gentle breeze, all conspired to present a spectacle which will long be remembered. At the City Hall tables were provided with generous refreshment for the visiting multitudes. In the evening at half past seven o'clock Right Rev. Bishop CATHOLIC - 653 Chatard sang .Pontifical Vespers and Right Rev. Bishop Kain, of Wheeling, preached the sermon, taking for his subject that most glorious of the prerogatives of the church, the Bride of Christ, speaking to the text: "Come with me and I will show thee my spouse." It was considered a masterly oration. Bishop Rosecrans ; his Life, Labors and Death. — The evening hymns of praise and thanksgiving had not yet been intoned within the newly consecrated Tern ple when alarming premonitions in the way of hemorrhages caused the Bishop, on-whom so many honors had that day been bestowed, to retire to his private apartments, whence he was never to return. When the startling news of Bishop Rosecrans's death spread with lightning speed throughout the city and country on the evening of the day following that of his Cathedral's consecration, the feelings which were everywhere aroused cannot be described. The Bishop had suffered during the latter years of his life repeated hemorrhages from the stomach, but each time the recurrence was attended with more alarming symptoms, and on this occasion the severest of all. His condition during the day excited apprehensions regarding his ability to endure so great a loss of blood, but when evening came a violent hemorrhage completely prostrated him, and death seemed inevitable. The Bishop calmly prepared himself for the reception of the Sacraments of Penance, Holy Eucharist and Extreme Unction, administered by Rev. J. B. Eis. About the deathbed were gathered Rev. Fathers Eis, Gallagher and Lane, and several of the Bishop's intimate friends amongst the laity, who had been summoned by the reports of the Bishop's condition. When asked if he had any last requests to make or temporal affairs to be attended to he replied.: — " My will is made. All things, of course go to my successor, save any little personal articles of mine, that the family may desire for mementos." At ten o'clock the death agony began and in fifteen minutes the Bishop breathed his last. The manifestations of grief by the priests of the diocese who had learned to love Bishop Rosecrans as a father, were everywhere visible. The Vicar-General had been buried in the morning and now in the evening of the same day, the Bishop lay a corpse. It was a sad moment for the diocese, and the priests and people experienced the terrible bewilderment. Arrangements for the funeral began. The prelates and clergy who had been present at the Cathedral consecration the previous day and had departed from the city, were summoned to return and attend the sad obsequies which would take place on the following Friday, October 25. The festive decorations of the Cathedral were replaced by the sombre black and purple of mourning, and the remains of the beloved Bishop, that had rested since death in the beautiful little chapel of the Convent, were, on Friday morning, tenderly borne to the Cathedral, for the final services of the dead. At an early hour masses for the dead were celebrated in the presence of the corpse by Bishops Dwenger, Foley, Burgess, Chatard and Fitzgerald. At the Mass of the latter, the children of all the Catholic schools were present. They were dismissed after viewing the corpse. From early morning the Cathedral was jammed with people, and even in the streets in front of the building large crowds waited anxiously to review the remains. At half past nine o'clock the Office of the Dead was chanted in the sanctuary by the Bishops and priests, the Most Reverend Archbishop of Cincinnati presiding. Immediately after the office had been chanted, Solemn Pontifical Mass of Requiem was commenced, Right Reverend Bishop Toebbe being Celebrant, Rev. F. J. Pabisch, D. D., Assistant Priest, Rev. F. X. Specht Officiating Deacon, Rev. D. B. Cull Officiating Subdeacon, Rev. J. B. Murray First Deacon of Honor, Rev. M. M. Meara Second Deacon of Honor, Very Rev. A. Gallagher Master of Ceremonies, and Mr. K. W. Mulhane Assistant Master of Ceremonies. Other offices were performed by seminarians and sanctuary boys. The sombre color of 654 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. the vestments, the solemn dirge of the Requiem, the mournful trimmings of the altar, the drapery of the entire building and more than all the presence of the body of the illustrious dead, guarded by the Knights of the Red Cross and of St. George in their medieval costume, whilst the sanctuary contained the venerable Prelate of the West, Archbishop Purcell, seated on his throne, and eight Bishops in the episcopal purple, all conspired to make a scene most solemn and impressive. Mass being finished, the Right Rev. Bishop Foley, of Chicago, ascended the pulpit and preached an able and touching sermon reviewing briefly the scenes and anticipations of the previous Sunday, and commenting upon the life and anxieties of a Bishop with special reference to the deceased Prelate and his labors. The sermon concluded, the Most Rev. Archbishop and Right Rev. Bishops Toebbe, Fitzgerald, Gilmour, and Dwenger, receiving the black cope and mitre, proceeded to give the last Absolutions, the Most Rev. Archbishop first performing the ceremony and the others following successively. The remains were placed in position to be viewed by the vast concourse of people anxiously waiting for that privilege. Many however were sadly disappointed in not having an opportunity of gazing for the last time on the countenance of their beloved Bishop. It was fully half past one o'clock when the body was borne from the vestibule to the vault which had been prepared under the sanctuary and directly beneath the throne. The crowd was so dense that the Knights of St. George could only with great difficulty clear the way and prevent a rush into the basement. Only a few persons were admitted there, these being the clergy, the seminarians, Mother Mary Agnes, the faithful attendant upon the Bishop; Mrs. Keep, several Sisters from the Sacred Heart Convent; the Bishop's niece, Miss Mamie Rosecrans, and her classmates dressed in white with black sashes and white garlands of flowers. These, with two or three other persons whose service was necessary, were the only ones who witnessed the blessing of the tomb performed by Rev. M. M. Meara, and then all was over, and the mortal remains of Bishop Rosecrans rested beneath the monument his hands had reared, there to await a glorious resurrection. Our historical sketches would be incomplete without at least a short biography of the first Bishop of Columbus. The name Rosecrans, originally and etymologically Rosenkrantz, literally signifies a garland of roses. It is also the word used in German to designate the Rosary or Beads. As the name, then, indicates, the ancestors of Bishop Rosecrans were Dutch. The family records show that they came from Amsterdam and settled in Pennsylvania, in the neighborhood of Wilkesbarre. In 1808, Crandall Rosecrans, father of the Bishop, came to Ohio and settled in Delaware County but soon afterwards removed to Licking County. His wife's name was Jemima Hopkins, a kinswoman of Stephen Hopkins, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and a daughter of a soldier in the War of Independence. Although farming was the favorite and usual pursuit of Crandall Rosecrans, his talent for engineering frequently led him to contract for the construction of public works. Thus the even tenor of his life went on, a strict observance being made of the requirements of the Methodist persuasion, in whose practice was also raised a family of sons, the youngest being Sylvester Horton Rosecrans, the subject of this sketch, born in Homer, Licking County, February 5, 1827. Homer is a village of 250 inhabitants situated north of Newark and four miles from Utica. Sylvester, when quite young, was placed by his father as a student at Kenyon College, Gambier, Knox County, Ohio. This institution has given several eminent converts to the Catholic Church, among whom may be mentioned J. Kent Stone, its former President, now a member of the Passionist Order. While the future Bishop was studying at this seat of learning, General W. S. Rosecrans, an older brother, graduated at West Point Military Academy and became a professor in CATHOLIC - 655 that institution. He was attracted to the Catholic faith and became a convert to it. This important step on the part of the General had an influence on the mind and heart of the young Sylvester, who, after much thought and study, also embraced the same faith. Some years afterwards both parents, who had been Methodists, joined the Catholic Church and died in its fold. One year after his baptism, Sylvester was placed by the General in the college of the Jesuit Fathers, at Fordham, New York, where, in 1846, he graduated with distinguished honors. Archbishop, then Bishop, Purcell, seeing every sign of a vocation to the priesthood in the young man, sent him to Rome to prosecute his studies at the Propaganda. At this famous school, where many hundreds from all parts of the world are educated, he was known as a model student. He was the superior of all in intellectual ability and application to study, yet he bore the honors that were bestowed upon him with meekness and humility, prominent traits of his whole life. He received the Doctor's degree in divinity at the end of a five years' course and on the sixteenth of July, 1852, was ordained priest with over one hundred others, among whom, as he often remarked with satisfaction, was a negro who stood beside him. Doctor Rosecrans, after making a tour of Italy, England, Ireland and France, returned to his diocese, and was appointed pastor of St. Thomas's Church, Cincinnati. At the end of several months' pastoral duty, the. Bishop, desiring his able assistance at the Cathedral, made him one of the pastors of that important congregation. For seven years Doctor Rosecrans discharged sacerdotal functions at the Cathedral, at the same time making daily trips to the Seminary of Mount St. Mary's near the city, where he taught a class in theology. While serving in this twofold capacity he employed his leisure time in contributing to the editorial columns of the Catholic Telegraph. The fame of Doctor Roscerans was spread throughout the country, but his characteristic modesty caused him to shrink from public recognition of his merits. In 1859 the Archbishop opened a college in connection with the Seminary and named Doctor Rosecrans as its president, which position he held until the beginning of the Civil War, when the institution was compelled to suspend. The learned doctor was now well worthy of episcopal consecration, and the Archbishop desiring a Coadjutor, Pope Pius IX, at the earnest request of the venerable Prelate and other admirers in the hierarchy of the United States, nominated him as Bishop of Pompeiopolis' in, partibus in,fide- lium, and Auxiliary Bishop of Cincinnati. He was consecrated by the Archbishop in St. Peter's Cathedral, Cincinnati, March 25, 1862. For five years he labored with zeal in all the works pertaining to the office of a Bishop, rendering thus very efficient aid in the government of the large and important diocese. While acting in this capacity he laid the cornerstone of St. Joseph's Cathedral in this city. The diocese of Cincinnati, which included nearly all the southern half of the State, had grown in Catholic population and importance to such an extent that a division of it was necessary to its better administration. An occasion suitable as a preliminary step to such a division presented itself when Rev. Edward Fitzgerald, of St. Patrick's Church, this city, was consecrated Bishop of Little Rock. Bishop Rosecrans was appointed to succeed. Bishop Fitzgerald as pastor of St. Patrick's Church, with the understanding that he was to be the first Bishop of Columbus as soon as the Holy See should have approved of the division. The Bishop arrived in the city February 28, 1867, the day following the departure of Bishop Fitzgerald. He continued as simply the pastor of St. Patrick's until the arrival, in July, 1868, of the Papal Letters erecting the new see and naming him as the Bishop thereof, bearing date of March 3, 1868. He immediately entered upon the work of organizing the diocese, having many discouraging difficulties to contend with, but he conquered all by mildness, charity, generosity and determination. The foundation walls of the new church which were covered over upon the departure of Bishop Fitzgerald, were taken up and reconstructed to better conform to 656 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. plans for a Cathedral. Besides the erection and completion of the Cathedral, the material progress of the diocese in the building of churches, academies and schools attested the work of the Bishop. His life was ever a bulgy one. In all hirlabors as Bishop and pastor he found time to devote to teaching in St. Aloysius' Seminary, Sacred Heart Convent, and St. Mary's of the Springs, and into this work he brought his characteristic earnestness and love for children. As a preacher he was inclined to be diffident, but his great simplicity, depth and originality of thought were wonderful, while he always displayed a love of God and charity to man that at once marked him as a true apostle. His memory will linger in the minds of the Catholics of Columbus diocese for generations to come. His life in Columbus was coeval with the building and finishing of his Cathedral, beginning with its cornerstone and ending with its consecration. On the death of Bishop Rosecrans, Archbishop Purcell, as the Metropolitan, appointed Very Rev. N. A. Gallagher administrator of the diocese during the vacancy. The appointment was afterwards confirmed by Rome. Father Gallagher, who was pastor of St. Patrick's Church, took up his residence at the Cathedral in order to better direct the affairs of the diocese. Rev. M. M. Meara continued in the capacity of Rector of the Cathedral during the administration of Father Gallagher, and was assisted in 1879 and 1880 by Rev. J. Kuehn, Rev. L. W. Mulhane and Rev. F. M. Woesman. Rev. D. A. Clarke was also stationed at the Cathedral from 1879 to 1884, not as assistant but as chaplain of the Catholic prisoners in the Penitentiary, and to attend to the spiritual needs of the missions attached to the Cathedral. John Ambrose Watterson, D. D., Second Bishop of Columbus.—The diocese of Columbus remained without a Bishop for over eighteen months, when finally Rome named a successor to the lamented Rosecrans in the person of Rev. John Ambrose Watterson, D. D., President of Mount St. Mary's Seminary, at Emmitts- burg, Maryland. The Holy See made the appointment on March 15,1880, but the Papal Letters conveying the official information and necessary faculties were not received until early in May. The Bishopelect shortly after assumed the govern- ment of the diocese, as affairs of importance required almost immediate attention by the exercise of jurisdiction not possessed by the Administrator. Very Rev. Father Gallagher, who had labored faithfully and untiringly in the office of Administrator, had many difficulties to overcome but finally brought into almost perfect system the temporal concerns of the diocese. Doctor Watterson chose Sunday, August 8, 1880, as the day of his consecration. After spending a number of days in retreat and prayer at the Passionist Monastery of St. Paul, Pittsburgh, the Bishopelect was given a most heartfelt reception by the Catholics of the city on his arrival on Wednesday, August 4, to arrange for the solemn ceremonies of the ensuing Sunday. Never before was there such a demonstration in honor of any ecclesiastical dignitary witnessed in Columbus. The Bishopelect was escorted in a special car from Newark, by a large delegation of priests and laymen, who had been several days arranging the reception. At the depot dense throngs of people filled the immense building and the space about the tracks in the immediate vicinity. A procession of all the Catholic societies of the city, headed by a detail of police, marched to the music of two brass bands and were followed by carriages containing Doctor Watterson and Very Rev. Father Gallagher, committees of reception and arrangements and citizens in general. The route of the procession up High Street and down Broad Street was densely lined with people. Arriving at the Cathedral doors, the Bishop was addressed by Mr. J. G. Gilmore on behalf of the laity. The Bishop made a feeling and eloquent reply, whereupon the doors of the sacred edifice were opened and a vast congregation filled every available space. The hymn of praise and thanksgiving, " Holy God, we CATHOLIC - 657 Praise Thy Name," was sung by the choir as the procession of priests and the Bishop moved up the centre aisle. Within the sanctuary the Bishop was addressed in words of cordial welcome to the diocese by the Very Rev. Administrator. Doctor Watterson's response was characteristic of a minister of God, who felt the responsibility he was assuming on becoming a successor of the Apostles. His words bespoke a fervent zeal for the honor of God and the salvation of souls. A most favorable impression was made and all expressed admiration for the new Bishop of Columbus. The congregation./ s dismissed with the benediction of the Bishop. Preparations for the consecration of the Bishop elect on Sunday, August 8, were on a grand scale, and when the day for the great event dawned everything was in perfect readiness for the imposing ceremonies. Societies from different portions of the diocese and large delegations from various congregations accompanied by their pastors, who had provided early Masses for the. people, arrived by the morning trains and were escorted to their proper quarters. Nearly all the priests of the diocese were present. Precisely at ten o'clock the imposing procession of Bishops and priests moved from the pastoral residence to the front entrance of the Cathedral, thence up the main aisle to the sanctuary where the celebrant vested. The officiating ministers of the Mass and consecration were : Consecrating Bishop, Right Rev. William H. Elder, Coadjutor Bishop of Cincinnati ; First Assistant Consecrating Bishop, Right Rev. John G. McCloskey, Louisville, Kentucky; Second Assistant Consecrating Bishop, Right Rev. John M. Twigg, Pittsburgh ; Assistant Priest, Very Rev. Nicholas A. Gallagher, Columbus ; Deacons of Honor, Rev. Francis X. Specht, Columbus, and Rev. Nicholas E. Pilger, Delaware ; Deacon of the Mass, Rev. Francis J. Campbell, Dennison ; Subdeacon of the Mass, Rev. Richard J. Fitzgerald, McLuney ; First Master of Ceremonies, Rev. L. W. Mulhane, Columbus ; Second Master of Ceremonies, Rev. John C. Goldschmidt, Columbus ; Third Master of Ceremonies, Rev. John McGirk, Columbus; Acolytes, Messrs. Singleton and Cusack ; Thurifer, Mr. James Hartley.; Bearer of Book of Gospels, Rev. George J. Montag, Lancaster ; Chaplains to Bishopelect, Reverends William F. Hayes and George H. Ahrens. The following bishops were seated within the sanctuary rails during the solemn functions : Most Reverend John B. Purcell, D. D., Archbishop of Cincinnati; Right Reverend Edward M. Fitzgerald, Bishop of Little Rock ; Right Reverend A. M. Toebbe, Bishop of Covington ; Right Reverend Silas F. Chatard, Bishop of Indianapolis ; Right Reverend Joseph Dwenger, Bishop of Fort Wayne. Sixty-five priests and a number of seminarians were present. The Mass and ceremonies proceeded as far as the Gospel, when, after its singing, Bishop Fitzgerald ascended the pulpit and preached eloquently on the life, duties and responsibilities of the priesthood and its complement, the episcopacy. Bishop Fitzgerald was formerly pastor of St. Patrick's Church and as such commenced the foundation of the present Cathedral, as stated elsewhere in this historical sketch. After the sermon, the sacred ceremonies continued in all their solemn character, replete with beautiful significance and terminating with the installation of the new Bishop at his throne. In the afternoon a parade of the Catholic societies, local and visiting, took place, the procession passing through the Cathedral and receiving the Bishop's blessing. Bishop Watterson sang Pontifical Vespers in the evening and Bishop Chatard preached learnedly and in a very interesting manner on The True Church. Thus closed another memorable day in the annals of Catholicity in Columbus. On Sunday, August 15, one week from the day of his consecration, the Right Reverend Bishop celebrated his first Pontifical High Mass at the Cathedral. He 42* 658 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. was assisted in the sacred function by the following ministers : Assistant Priest Very Reverend N. A. Gallagher; Deacons of Honor, Rev. J. A. Zahm, C. S. C.; and Rev. D. A. Clarke; Deacon of the Mass, Rev. M. M. Meara; Subdeacon of the Mass, Rev. L. W. Mulhane ; Master of Ceremonies, Mr. James Hartley. Father Gallagher preached the sermon. Sketch of Bishop Watterson.—John Ambrose Watterson, second, Bisop of Columbus, was born in Blairsville, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, May 27, 1844, and was the sixth child of John A. Watterson and Mary A. McAfee Watterson. The father was engaged in the drygoods business and was possessed of considerable real estate, which, however, would not rank him among those considered well off in the possessions of this world. The children were given the advantage afforded them by the parochial school attached to the church of Saints Simon and Jude, then under the pastoral care of Rev. J. A. Stellinger, a most faithful priest, now many years deceased. It was at this school of his native place that the future Bishop at an early age entered upon the primary course of instruction that was destined to lead him up to the Altar of God, and amongst the hierarchy of the Catholic Church in America. In his humble and happy home, about which shone the influence of pious and edifying parents, the youthful John Ambrose experienced promptings of a grace that urged him to become a Levite to serve God in the sanctuary of His Church. The signs of a vocation to the priesthood were so decided that his good father and mother, with the approbation and recommendation of his pastor, and Right Reverend Michael O'Connor, then Bishop of Pittsburgh, sent him to St. Vincent's College, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, under the direction of the Benedictine Fathers. Here, in an atmosphere of religious life, amid inducements to forsake the world and its dangers and spend one's years in the seclusion of a monastery, the student was well tried in his vocation to the secular priesthood. Four years of the discipline and study required at this seat of learning laid the foundations for the exact student life that the young candidate for priestly honors is expected to lead in order to become well versed in the science of sacred things. At the age of seventeen he was well prepared to enter the advanced classes in that noted seminary, Mount St. Mary's, Emmittsburg, Maryland, whence have gone forth so many scholars in various walks of life. Particularly has this institution been noted for the number of her sons who have worn the purple of the episcopacy. Step by step was the young student led up to the realization of his hopes and aspirations. The proud day of graduation came, and crowned with the honors that an alma mater loves to bestow upon worthy sons, he received the academic degree of Bachelor of Arts. Before him yet lay the broad fields of the sacred sciences. These must he traverse ere he attain his heart's desire. The theological and accompanying studies engaged the earnest attention of the brilliant college graduate, until he was adjudged by the seminary faculty to be worthy of the crown of priesthood, which he received at the hands of Right Rev. Doctor Dominic, Bishop of Pittsburgh, of whom Father Watterson was a subject. The ordination took place amid the scenes of early college life at St. Vincent's Abbey, August 9, 1868. Soon after his ordination, the faculty of Mount St. Mary's, who had knowledge of' his brilliant attainments, offered the young priest a position as professor in the college, which, with the consent of his Bishop, he accepted. Moral theology and sacred scriptures were the subjects which engaged his attention while employed as a professor. Rev. John McCloskey, D. D., President of the College, having resigned that office, Father Watterson was selected in September, 1868, by the unanimous vote of the Board of Trustees to succeed that learned and much respected officer. Placed at the head of the oldest Catholic college in the United States, an institution, too, with a prestige most distinguished on account of the eminent ability of CATHOLIC - 659 its alumni and the fame of its founder, Most Rev. Doctor Carroll, of Baltimore, the first American Bishop and a brother to Charles Carroll, of Carrollton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Father Watterson became known and respected throughout the country. In appreciation of his learning and position of honor, the faculty of Georgetown, D. C., University, at the annual commencement on June 24, 1869, conferred upon the youthful president the degree of Doctor of Divinity. It was during his incumbency of the office of President that Doctor Watterson was called by Pope Leo XIII to the Bishopric of Columbus in March, 1880. From that time on the Bishop's life has been identified with the history of the Columbus diocese, and everywhere we find evidences of the progress, spiritual and material, that characterize the reign of a devoted Bishop. The burden of a heavy debt was placed upon the young Bishop's shoulders, and he immediately inaugurated plans to lessen it. The diocese was reorganized and business methods were introduced, as required by the constantly increasing Catholic population. A few months after his consecration the Bishop appointed Very Reverend N. A. Gallagher his Vicar General, and Rev. L. W. Mulhane Secretary. In December, 1881, Father Gallagher was appointed Bishop to rule the see of Galveston, Texas, in matters spiritual and temporal. The appointment was hailed with great delight by everybody. In April following his appointment, Father Gallagher left the city to take charge of his diocese and in the following October was succeeded in the office of Vicar-General by Rev. A. 0. Walker, who had previously been placed as pastor of St. Patrick's Church, a position also held by the Bishopelect. Rev. M. M. Meara, who had been some years rector of the Cathedral was, in April, 1882, transferred to the pastoral charge of the church of St. Joseph, Circleville, and Rev. R. J. Fitzgerald, of McLuney, was made rector of the Cathedral, assisted by Rev. L. W. Mulhane and Rev. J. P. White, the latter remaining at the Cathedral until the fall of 1890. Rev. T. J. O'Reilly succeeded Father Mulhane as Bishop's secretary in 1885, Father Mulhane being placed by the Bishop in charge of St. Vincent's Church, Mount Vernon. Rev. J. McDermott, 1887-89, and Rev. J. Cahalan, 1887-88, also assisted at the Cathedral. Father Fitzgerald was appointed pastor of St.. John's Church, Bellair, in 1888, and from that date to the present writing, September, 1892, the Right Rev. Bishop has retained the title of Rector himself, having Rev. James P. White 1890, Rev. Charles Mulhane 1889-93, Rev. J. Weigand 1890, Rev. John S. Cawley 1890-92, and Rev. J. Mahoney 1890-92 as assistants. In September, 1889, Rev. Father O'Reilly was given the task of organizing the new parish of St. Dominic, this city, and Father Mahoney succeeded him sometime later in the office of Bishop's secretary. During the past ten years besides directing improvements of the diocese in general, the Bishop hag done much for the good of the Cathedral property and the beauty of the building. On December 31, St. Sylvester's Day, patronal feast of the late Bishop Rosecrans, he blessed with all the solemnity or the ritual a large sweettoned bell for the tower of the Cathedral. At the time it was hung this bell was the largest one in Ohio, its weight being over six thousand pounds. On April 7, 1886, the Bishop purchased his present residence, thus completing the half block on Broad Street and acquiring for the Cathedral a most valuable property. The priests attached to the Cathedral remain at the old residence now on the same premises, which afford commodious grounds. A lot immediately in rear of the Cathedral, but across the alley therefrom, was bought in March, 1889, as a prospective site for a school. A new pipe organ of grand compass and proportions was built in 1889, taking the place of one that had long survived its usefulness. Within the last two years the interior of the Cathedral has been renovated and further embellished by the addition of two handsome side altars, donations of members of the congregation. A costly set of Stations of the Cross relieve the 660 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. cold, dull appearance of the bare stone walls. Lifesized statues from famous ateliers in Europe are placed about the altars. The Bishop has also added a large number of elegant vestments, rich ornaments for the altar, and many articles required in the exact performance of solemn ceremonies. In October, 1886, Bishop Watterson made a visit to Rome, to comply with the obligations a Bishop is under, to make decennial reports in person to the Holy Father, stating the condition and needs of the Church within his jurisdiction. The Bishop remained abroad until the summer of the following year, making a tour of the Holy Land and visiting places of interest and famous shrines of devotion. Sacred Heart Church.—About the year 1852-53, when Columbus was yet under the spiritual jurisdiction of Right Reverend Bishop Purcell, afterwards Archbishop of Cincinnati, William Phelan, of Lancaster, Ohio, willed to the diocese four acres of ground, the present site of Sacred Heart Church. The tract of land forms a square bounded by Summit Street, First Avenue, Second Avenue and College Street. In order to fulfil a condition in the will the land was successively offered by the Archbishop to Several religious communities for the erection thereon of a charitable institution, but on account of its being outside the city limits at the time, the offer was rejected by all. Situated in what is called the Mount Pleasant Addition to the city, it came into the corporation with that addition and in 1875 was in the midst of a rapidly growing Catholic population which was seeking homes north of the Union Station. It was determined by Bishop Rosecrans, trustee of the property, with the consent of the heirs at law, to erect a school building which would serve also as a church. Accordingly, on May 27, 1875, the Bishop commissioned Rev. John B. Eis, who had been assisting at Holy Cross Church, to erect a suitable building for the accommodation of the new congregation. After consulting with the Bishop and several of the best business men of the city, Father Eis concluded to build a school with a large hall to be used as a church, and with room to accommodate the Sisters who were to teach. The contract for the building was made August 2, 1875, with John Harding. The cornerstone was laid on Sunday, September 5, by Right Reverend Doctor Rosecrans in the presence of an immense crowd of people. A parade of Catholic societies took place. The Bishop addressed the assemblage a few words. The structure was completed in the spring of 1876, and on Easter Sunday, April 16, Mass was celebrated in it for the first time, Right Reverend Bishop Rosecrans performing the dedication. Only small congregations were present at the two Masses. The school was opened the following Monday with eightythree children, divided into three rooms. Before the end of the term, that is, in three months, the number of pupils had increased to 250. After the first vacation the school commenced with 305 pupils in charge of five teachers. From that time it steadily increased until at present there are over 600 children in attendance, with eighteen Sisters in charge. The continual and rapid increase in the congregation demanded a corresponding increase in accommodations. Several additions were accordingly made to the original building from time to time. In 1877 a pastoral residence was added on the south side, and in 1886 a convent for the Sisters was built on the north end. Finished as it is now, the building is over 175 feet long and about 80 feet wide. It is two stories high with basement and garret ; the main hall used for church purposes occupies the second story. There are 65 rooms and all apartments are heated by hot water. The cost has been about $60,000. The crowded condition of the schools has rendered another addition necessary and at present writing it is about ready for occupancy. Several priests acted temporarily as assistants to Father Eis in the care of this large and important congregation. Not, however, until March, 1890, was a regular assistant named and appointed by the Bishop CATHOLIC - 661 who, at that time, sent the Reverend Hugh Ewing. Father Ewing continues in the position to the present time. During sixteen years of its existence there were 1,423 persons baptized at the church, while 435 were buried from it, showing thus a gain of nearly one thousand souls by natural increase. One hundred and ninety-eight couples were married during the same period. The number of Yearly Communions increased from 2,430 in 1876 to 12,300 in 1891. Since the foundation of the church, fifteen young ladies of the congregation joined different religious communities to devote their lives to works of charity and to Christian education. There are a number of societies of men, women and children connected with the church, the number of members in the aggregate being 400. Father Eis has plans for a grand church edifice to be erected when funds at his command will justify the undertaking of such a task. The congregation is composed principally of English-speaking Catholics, but there is a large proportion of French and German, and to these Father Eis addresses himself with equal ease in their own language. Holy Family Church.—This church is situated in the oldest portion of the city, known as Franklinton in the early days of Columbus the seat of justice of Franklin County. It now farms the West Side. The Catholic population of this section, however, consisted of only a few families and, for a short time, a small number of laborers engaged in constructing the National Road, now known as West Broad Street. Mass was occasionally said by missionaries, as stated in the beginning of this historical sketch, at the residences of one or other of the Catholic settlers. The new and growing city of Columbus on the opposite bank of the Scioto attracted those who came to make their home in this vicinity, and naturally the Catholics found it more convenient to locate their first churches there to serve the greater number. The Sisters of the Good Shepherd had, in 1865, founded a convent on the Sullivant property, southwest corner of Sandusky and Broad streets, and here the Catholic services were regularly held, intended only for the members of the community. The few Catholic families in the immediate vicinity enjoyed the especial privilege of assisting at Mass in the private chapel on Sundays and Holy Days of obligation, but for the regular services of a priest they were compelled to apply to some one of the churches in the city to which they were supposed to be attached. In 1871 a diocesan ecclesiastical seminary for the preparation of young men for the priesthood was opened in property, also belonging to the Sullivant family, opposite the site of the Convent of the Good Shepherd. In the chapel of the seminary daily Mass was offered, but this was exclusively for the inmates, yet it is another indication that Catholicity was steadily on the increase in this portion of the city. In a few years therefore we find preparations making for the formation of a congregation who were eager for a church and pastor of their own. The Sisters of St. Joseph, from Ebensburg, Pennsylvania, at the earnest solicitation of Bishop Rosecrans, took possession of the seminary property in the spring of 1877, it having been found necessary to close the seminary the summer preceding. The Sisters opened a day and boarding school for young boys, and Reverend R. C. Christy, also of Ebensburg, who had lately been received into the diocese, was appointed by Bishop Rosecrans in April, 1877, as chaplain of the Sisters of St. Joseph and of the Convent of the Good Shepherd. It was while serving in this capacity that Father Christy recognized the necessity of a church for the increasing numbers of Catholics. A building on the premises of the seminary was neatly fitted up to serve as a temporary chapel to accommodate the young congregation. For two months divine services were conducted in this humble structure that had been formerly used as a barn, but the devout people who remembered that the first chapel in which the Redeemer of mankind was worshiped was also a cold, bleak stable occupied by the dumb brutes, were happy 662 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. in their attendance here. Father Christy, who had served through the Civil War as a chaplain in the Army of the Cumberland, had the courage, energy and ambition of a soldier, and determinedly overcame many difficulties that besot his way in the organization of a parish. After much trouble and negotiation the zealous pastor obtained possession of the church formerly used by the United Brethren, situated on the corner of Sandusky and Shepherd streets, adjoining the Seminary. A contract was entered into for the purchase of the church but the legal transfer was never made owing to a defect in the title, causing the property to remain in litigation for some years. In a short time Father Christy had the church reremodelednd arranged according to the requirements of a Catholic place of worship, and on Friday, Juno 8, 1877, blessed the church under the invocation of the Holy Family, and celebrated High Mass in it for the first time. The following clergymen of the city were present : Very Reverend J. B. Hemsteger, V. G.; Rev. G. H. Ahrens, Rev. F. X. Specht, Rev. J. A. Maroney, Rev. J. C. Goldschmidt, Rev. P. M. Heery and Rev. C. Rhode. The choir of Holy Cross Church furnished the music as a fitting tribute of the oldest Catholic Church in the city to the youngest. In compliment to Father Christy, who was a very warm friend of the officers of the United States Garrison, the military band stationed there discoursed appropriate music before and after the services. Father Christy labored zealously and soon formed a large congregation, with a school under the direction of the Sisters of St. Joseph. Failing health, however, soon began to warn him that his labors were not to continue long, and after one year's service as pastor he was compelled to resign and seek treatment and care in St. Francis Hospital, where he died October 16, 1878, a few days previous to the death of Bishop Rosecrans. Father Christy was succeeded in June, 1878, by Rev. T. S. Reynolds, who remained in charge until January, 1879, when Rev. W. E. Hayes, formerly of Pittsburgh diocese, was appointed by the Very Rev. Administrator, N. A. Gallagher, as pastor. Father Hayes immediately recognized two facts : First, that the congregation was the poorest in numbers and financial standing in the city, and secondly, that the present property could not be legally held by the congregation and must be sold to satisfy the claims of former mortgagees. The Catholics had as yet made no payments on the property but had spent much money in improving it. At the sale made by order of court, Father Hayes would not bid beyond the offer made by a representative of the mortgagees, thus leaving the church in the hands of that party. Arrangements were made to rent the property and continue possession of it for church and school purposes until a new building should be completed. An opportunity to purchase an eligible site for a church presented itself, and on April 1, 1881, Father Hayes came into possession of the property situated on the northeast corner of Broad and Skidmore streets where now stands the present church. The purchase price was so low that the pastor was congratulated on all sides for the favorable bargain made. Preparations for building a church to serve the purposes of a school as well were immediately begun and carried on as means allowed, the principal source of income being derived from fairs and house-to-house collection. So interested in the work was the pastor that he labored day after day alongside the workmen in excavating for the foundation and laying the same. His heart was in the enterprise and by his example he desired to win the cooperation of his parishioners. On September 17, 1882, the cornerstone was laid by Right Reverend Bishop Watterson in the presence of an immense concourse of people. It was truly a gala day for the Catholics of the West Side, for never before had Catholicity made such a demonstration in that part of the city. The undertaking was a hazardous one but the undaunted pastor zealously labored on to complete the foundation, and when his brave struggles were finally rewarded with success, he covered the stone CATHOLIC - 663 walls to await more prosperous times among his people for continuance of the construction. While the prospective church was in this condition Father Hayes built up his school, taking a very laudable pride in thus laying the foundations of a future congregation to occupy the church that would some day compare most favorably with other like edifices in the city. The Bishop saw a wider and better field for the exercise of Father Hayes's abilities and transferred him to the pastorate of St. Francis de Sales's Church at Newark, Ohio, where he remained until his death, which occurred in June, 1892. Father Hayes was succeeded as pastor of Holy Family Church in October, 1884, by Rev. Dennis A. Clarke, who had for some years been stationed at the Cathedral. After High Mass on Sunday, November 16, following his appointment, a meeting of the men of the congregation was held in the basement of the old church in response to a call made by Father Clarke. James H. Pender was made secretary of this meeting, the object of which was stated by the pastor to be to devise the best means for prosecuting construction of the new church, the foundations of which had lain covered over for nearly two years. Many suggestions were offered and a spirit was manifested which greatly encouraged the new pastor. On motion, a committee to act with the pastor in an advisory capacity was elected as follows: James H. Fender, James Clahane, William T. Molloy, Martin Whalen and William Walsh. Michael Harding, who had drawn the plans for the basement, was invited to prepare plans and specifications for the superstructure complete. During the winter and spring of 1884-5 the committee met occasionally at the call of the pastor to consult on plans and to receive bids. Slight changes were found necessary to be made in the foundations, and the plans for a plain, substantial church building to serve the needs of the parish were adopted and approved by the pastor. The contract for the carpenter work necessary to enclose the building was awarded to Michael and Thomas Harding and that for the brick work to Patrick Call, who were the lowest bidders. In May, 1885, the foundations were put in readiness and the bricklaying began. It was determined to finish the basement, which is airy, light and commodious, for a temporary chapel, with classrooms separated from it by the main hallway running full length of the building. The upper part or main auditorium was floored and enclosed. Under the superintendence of W. T. Molloy the basement was plastered by the contractor, Charles Moeller, and everything was made ready for divine services, which were held in the basement for the first time on Sunday, March 7, 1886. Rev. Father Clarke, the pastor, sang High Mass and Rev. Father White of the Cathedral preached an appropriate sermon. At the end of Mass Father Clarke congratulated the congregation upon having their own church and urged them to continue their efforts until the structure should be finished. The basement chapel continued to be used until summer, when the church proper was arranged with an altar, chairs and other fixtures, and services were held in it during the warm weather. In September, 1886, the Redemptorist Fathers gave a very successful Mission in the church. A system of monthly collections in sealed envelopes was inaugurated and this has been the source of means to continue the work of finishing the building. In the autumn of 1888 contracts for plastering the church and putting in a steel sheet ceiling with galvanized arches were made and the work of completing the whole interior went steadily on during the winter. Beautiful stained glass windows representing, on one side of the church, the Twelve Apostles, and on the other the principal patron saints of the societies, etc., were put in and hardwood finish in oak was used throughout. The window sills are of dark red marble. The Gothic style of architecture prevails and the harmony of all the parts is very marked. The dimensions of the church are: Length 135 feet, width 55 feet. The gallery has a seating capacity of one thousand. The tower has been completed 664 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. but the plans provide for a steeple to surmount it. Whether the spire %%ill ever be built remains for tinge to determine. On entering the church the visitor's attention is attracted by the beautiful finish of the vestibule with its ceiling in richly decorated steel panels, its walls of soft tints and its varnished hardwood wainscoting and casings. The sanctuary forms a Gothic vault faced with a lofty arch upon which is inscribed the song of the seraphim and cherubim : "Holy ! Holy Holy ! Lord God of Hosts !" The ceiling is painted in azure blue which gradually fades away into the delicate gray • of the dawn. The ceiling is of the basilican style, handsomely paneled in steel and artistically decorated in blue, gold and terracotta. Fourteen columns support arches which reach to the ceiling of the centre nave, and others that meet between the columns. In the clearstory which rests upon these columns are twelve small stained glass windows corresponding with the lower and larger ones. The columns and arches are beveled in gold which adds greatly to the rich appearance of the interior. The altar, of Gothic design, is richly carved wood and embellished with numerous pinnacles and crockets. It is painted in a rich cream color with gold leaf adornments. The railing is a very handsome design carved in the natural white walnut. Thus far completed, without side altars or pews, chairs taking the place of the latter, the edifice was solemnly dedicated to Almighty God on Sunday, June 2, 1889, by Right Rev. John A. Watterson, Bishop of Columbus. After the dedication, solemn High Mass was sung in the presence of the Bishop by Rev. William F. Hayes, Rev. C. Rhode being Deacon, Rev. B. Horsey Subdeacon, and Rev. A. A. Cush Master of Ceremonies. The 'Bishop preached a sermon bearing on the celebration of the day, speaking at length on the holiness of the Christian Temple. The choir sang Leonard's Mass in E flat in a most pleasing and devotional manner. In the afternoon the Catholic •societies made the demonstration customary on such occasions, marching, in uniform and regalia, with brilliant banners and starry flags to the music of several bands, to the church and back to their halls.. Solemn vespers were sung at three o'clock by Rev. Father Hayes, assisted by the same Ministers who officiated at the morning services. The Bishop again preached a long and interesting discourse on the general plan of the Catholic Church, concluding with words of instruction and earnest exhortation to the children who were about to be confirmed. After Confirmation, Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament concluded the services. In August, 1890, handsome redoak pews were placed in the church, side altars to harmonize with the general design were erected, and a grand pipe organ was built at a cost of $4,000. The organ has been pronounced the best and sweetest toned in the city. It is pumped by waterpower. It is contemplated to heat the church, by steam, and plans to that end have been made, but the financial condition of the people will scarcely admit of the necessary outlay at this time. There is an excellent parochial school attached to the church, with an attendance of about three hundred, taught by the Sisters of St. Joseph, which community has had charge of the Holy Family School almost continuously since the foundation of the parish. A convent for these Sisters was built on the church premises in 1888 at a cost of $3,000. St. Vincent de Paul's Church.—The Orphan Asylum of St. Vincent de Paul is situated on East Main Street., corner of Rose Avenue, and has always had a chapel connected with it for the use of the inmates and such Catholics of the vicinity as could not attend Mass elsewhere without great difficulty. The limited space of the chapel and the growing of the increasing Catholic population prompted the Right Rev. Bishop Watterson to authorize the erection of a church on the asylum ground, which would at the same time serve as a chapel for the institution and a parish church for the people. The cornerstone of the new structure CATHOLIC - 665 was laid by Right Reverend Bishop Watterson on Sunday, July 27, 1884. A large number of the clergy of the city were present. The Bishop preached an earnest and practical sermon on the charity which on that- day appealed to their hearts. All the societies of the city were present, the entire assemblage numbering about 2,000. Rev. John C. Goldschmidt, the chaplain of the Asylum and rector of the new Church, struggled earnestly and zealously in this new undertaking and finally saw his labors crowned with success when the neat little edifice was solemnly dedicated to God on Sunday, August 9, 1885, by Right Reverend Bishop Watterson. High Mass was sung by Father Goldschmidt and the address was eloquently delivered by Rev. J. Larkin, Ph. D. The church is complete in all its parts and presents a very neat appearance, enjoying the distinction of being the next oldest Catholic Church in the city which possesses a spire surmounted by a cross. The windows are of tasteful patterns of stained glass, with polished marble sills. The interior decorations are chaste and appropriate to a convent church. St. Dominic's Church.—In the northeastern portion of our city there has been a rapid growth of population bringing with it all classes and creeds — manufacturers, artisans, laborers, Catholics and Protestants. The Catholics found St. Patrick's Church with its ministering clergy at too great a distance, and the advantages of a Catholic school had, to a great extent, been denied them, as the distance to Sacred Heart or St. Patrick's school was too great for their little ones. To supply these wants, it had long been the desire of the Bishop to establish a parish in that remote section of Columbus. A suitable location for a church and school was finally settled upon and on April 9, 1889, the Bishop purchased six lots on the corner of Twentieth and Devoise streets. But as it would require the organization of the parish previous to undertaking a building and collection of the necessary funds, the Bishop awaited the opportunity when he could appoint a priest whom he considered equal to the task. In September of the same year, to the great consolation of the people who would constitute the prospective congregation, Rev. Thomas J. O'Reilly, who had served as secretary to the Bishop since 1885, was appointed pastor of the new church to be placed under the patronage of St. Dominic. The name was very appropriately chosen, for the major portion of the new parish was cut off from that of St. Patrick's, which is in charge of the Fathers of St. Dominic, and it will be the nearest church to the wellknown Academy of St. Mary's of the Springs under the control of the Sisters of St. Dominic. Father O'Reilly's first efforts were directed towards procuring a suitable place in which to assemble the congregation for divine service. Benninghoff Hall, located in the third story of the large brick block at the southeast corner of Twentieth Street and Hildreth Avenue, was finally decided upon as the most eligible place for the church, school and pastor's apartments, and a lease of it was made for those purposes. The Sisters of Notre Dame donated an altar and the hall was otherwise furnished with articles necessary and suitable to a place in which to celebrate Mass. On Sunday, September 1, 1889, Father O'Reilly said Mass at six o'clock in the morning for the first time in the new parish and at nine o'clock sang the first High Mass. At both Masses Father O'Reilly stated the plans and hopes that he entertained and feelingly encouraged the congregation to persevere in building up both the spiritual and temporal edifice of the parish. A large congregation was present at both Masses: At the High Mass St. Patrick's choir, under the direction of Professor J. Seipel, furnished the music and Rev. Hugh F. Lilly, 0. P., pastor of that church, preached the sermon, alluding to the work to be accomplished by pastor and people and wishing them Godspeed in the grand undertaking. The church began with about 125 families composed of Americans, Irish, Germans, French and Italians. The Sundayschool opened in 666 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. the afternoon of September 1, with 125 pupils. On Monday morning, September 9, the parochial school was opened in this hall, used on Sundays for services, with a large attendance of children. The Sisters of St. Joseph, from Ebensburg, Pennsylvania, have charge of the schools. On August 17, 1890, the cornerstone of the new school building to be also used for church purposes, was laid by the Right Rev. Bishop assisted by nearly all the city clergy and witnessed by an immense concourse of people. The Bishop delivered the sermon in his usual forcible style, pleading eloquently for Christian education. Within one year the building was ready for occupancy and divine services were held in the large and convenient second story, while the ground floor was used for schoolrooms. Father O'Reilly has purchased several other lots adjoining the original property and now has commodious grounds for school, church, pastor's residence and convent for the Sisters in charge of the schools. All these will come in time as the people are generous and anxious to have the parish work go on to completion. The schools have increased in attendance so that extra teachers have been engaged and the hall in which services are held is well filled at both Masses on Sunday. Church of St. Francis of Assissi.—When the parish of the Sacred Heart was organized, it properly included all the Catholics in what is known as the North End. It was the intention of Bishop Rosecrans to divide the parish by forming another one in that portion of the city lying between the Whetstone River and High Street, north of the Union Station. This section was familiarly known as " Fly Town." The formation of a parish was attempted in 1875 and Rev. Simon Weisinger, now of Straitsville, fitted up a small hall on Goodale Street and named it St. Pius Memorial Chapel. The attendance did not justify its continuance, and moreover, the Catholics of that part of the city could not support a pastor and church at that time. The chapel was discontinued and the people remained under the care of the pastor of Sacred Heart Church. During the past few years the necessity for a church there became more evident, and in February, 1890, six lots on the corner of Buttles A venue and Harrison Street were bought for the Bishop of Robert E. Neil. They afford a very suitable site for church property, being 240 feet on Buttles Avenue and 140 feet on Harrison Avenue. In June; 1892, the Right Rev. Bishop appointed Rev. A. M. Leyden first pastor of. St. Francis's Parish, transferring him from Toronto, Ohio, where he had most faithfully served the emission for some years. Father Leyden was not without experience in such circumstances and possessed courage and energy in a high degree. The task of building up the parish was entered upon with all the zeal of a young priest. Neil Chapel, southwest corner Neil Avenue and Goodale, hitherto used as a Methodist Church, but for some time abandoned, was rented by Father Leyden, as was also a neat and comfortable pastoral residence furnished in great part by himself. On Sunday, June 19, 1892, the church was ready for Catholic services and Father Leyden celebrated High Mass in it for the first time on Sunday, June 19. The Right Rev. Bishop was present and addressed earnest and encouraging words to the large congregation which completely filled the building. It is intended to begin soon the erection of a large school with a ball to be used for divine services for the present. Before many years the Catholics of the northeastern portion of the city will have all the requirements of a wellregulated parish, and the Bishop predicts that it will become one of the largest and most important parishes in Columbus. There is record at present of over 250 Catholic families. Subscriptions have been taken up and collections of money made with which to begin the building. Although St. Francis is the youngest church in the city, it seems not destined to remain such for any length of time, as the Bishop has in contempla- CATHOLIC - 667 tion the establishment of a parish in the southeastern part of Columbus, in the vicinity of St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. When this shall have been done, the city will possess ten Catholic churches, four of them having been erected under the direction of Bishop Watterson during the twelve years of his episcopate. There are many other places in Columbus where Mass is celebrated at least, once in a week, but they are private chapels for the use of the hospitals, convents and academies. Catholic Institutions, Charitable and Educational. — The Catholic Church in Columbus, as in other centres of Catholicity throughout the world, has not only struggled successfully in establishing and maintaining houses of divine worship in which the Sacrifice of the Mass is daily offered, but has also founded institutions for the exercise of a practical religion. Hospitals for the care and treatment of the sick and unfortunate ; asylums for the orphans and forsaken little ones; houses of refuge for fallen and frail women and for girls in danger of acquiring vicious habits; convents and academies in which youthful minds are trained in the science of true morality and religion ; parochial schools to receive the young children and lead them to the practice of morality by instilling into their minds the wholesome truths of their faith ; all these are objects of the Church's earnest solicitude, and hence we find them all here in our own city, flourishing with the evident blessing of God's providence. St. Francis Hospital.—Familiar to all the citizens of Columbus for the past thirty years, St. Francis Hospital continues today the same work of charity. Its foundation was a heroic undertaking by a little band of pious women known as the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. Emptyhanded they arrived in our city in January, 1862, when the great struggle for our Union was at its bloodiest period and the sweet mission of mercy of the Sisters of Charity was repeatedly witnessed amid scenes of carnage on the field of battle or about the conch of suffering in the hospital wards. They were not surprised when some of our citizens, not recognizing their mission, failed to greet their arrival with the generosity that these same parties afterward delighted to bestow upon them. The Sisters entered upon their work of charity in a small dwelling situated on East Rich Street, about opposite to the Holy Cross Church. Accommodations could be provided for only twenty-four patients and thus the Sisters were limited in their ministrations to the sick and suffering who often sought and were refused admission because there was no room. Until 1865 the Sisters were thus impeded in the great work that lay before them. Early in 1864 three lots were purchased on East Friend, now Main Street, and upon these it was proposed to erect a hospital, trusting to the offerings of the charitable for means to complete it. Doctor Starling Loving, who was then and has ever since been one of the attending physicians of the hospital, kindly undertook to solicit subscriptions among the more wealthy citizens. In consultation with Doctor J. W. Hamilton, also one of the physicians who gratuitously attended the sick under care of the Sisters, that gentleman mentioned the Starling Medical College, on the corner of State and Sixth streets, with which he was at that time connected, as having been founded to serve also as a hospital, and urged the Sister Superior to apply for it, as he believed she could obtain it with less difficulty than she would experience in the building of a new one. The idea was a good one and the Sisters took steps to obtain a portion of the college. Some opposition was raised when it was known that the Sisters had applied for one of the most beautiful and stately buildings in the city to be used for hospital purposes. Many objected to such an institution in their neighborhood as it would disturb their ease of mind to be so near to scenes of suffering and would, as they believed, depreciate the value of their real estate. Time has shown that these apprehensions were groundless. 668 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. When urged by their friends to make reply to the charges and objections of the local press, the Sisters simply said: " If it is God's will that we should get it, we certainly will succeed." Unknown to the Sisters a Protestant gentleman by the name of Gilmore defended the justice of their cause and thus silenced the prejudices expressed by the newspapers. When all the preliminaries had been completed, a special meeting of the College trustees was called at the residence of Mr. William Sullivan. The Provincial Superioress and the Sister Superior of the hospital as well as several members of the faculty of the College were present. The trustees laid down the following conditions upon which the Sisters could establish their hospital in the College : The Sisters to pay $16,000 for a lease of ninetynine years, which amount was then an incumbrance on the building; the part which the Sisters thus leased to be used for hospital purposes only and not for a school or a home for the aged, which limitation as to the old was afterwards modified so as to allow a few invalids to be admitted ; if for urgent reasons the Sisters were to leave the institution, the money was to be refunded. The trustees retained the right to remove the Sisters should they fail in this latter condition as to the patients, the sum agreed upon for the lease to be refunded to the Sisters should they be thus required to leave. When the final contract was closed, the trustees accepted the house on Rich Street which they were then using as a hospital, in payment for $6,000, receiving, however, only $5,500 for it, thus requiring the Sisters to supply the balance of $500. The amount asked for the lease was afterwards reduced to $10,000, leaving only $4,000 to be made up. Through the kindly interest of Rev. Edward M.Fitzgerald, pastor of St. Patrick's Church, and Rev. John B. Hemsteger, pastor of Holy Cross Church, the only Catholic churches then in the city, a grand union fair was held in the old theatre on State Street and something over $4,000 was realized for the benefit of the hospital, thus enabling the Sisters to meet their obligations. The enthusiasm and kindly interest of the citizens in general were now aroused in behalf of the new hospital. Prejudice against the institution had nearly died away. Old battlescarred soldiers were returning from the war and they told of the work of the Sisters of Charity in the face of danger to life and limb. Their heroic sacrifice appealed to the generous American heart and the ladies of the different religious denominations united in a grand fair for the hospital. The sum of $3,000 was realized, and with this the Sisters hoped to pay for necessary alterations in the building and for furnishing the wards. The lots on Friend Street were sold, small payments only having been made on them, and on February 17, 1865, the Sisters moved into the handsome college building which they today occupy. In 1875, the medical staff of the College, appreciating the crowded condition of the hospital, granted the use of some of their apartments and one large lecture-room which was converted into two commodious and airy wards. A few years later the numerous friends of the institution contributed means to put in an elevator by which the sick and lame could be carried from floor to floor. Improvements have thus been gradually made, and in 1891 the interior underwent a thorough change. The apartments of the Sisters were so arranged as to improve their sanitation; which had been so imperfect heretofore as to cause much suffering and several deaths among the Sisters. A new chapel was fitted up in the second story, as the former one on the first or ground floor was too small to accommodate the Sisters arid patients during divine service. An addition was also built in 1891, on the west side of the building. The number of sick yearly treated has steadily increased from about five hundred in the beginning to 1,200 in 1891. These have been cared for in very great measure by the charitable offerings of our citizens without regard to race, creed or nationality, and daily the meek and humblyclad Sisters of St. Francis CATHOLIC - 669 can be seen soliciting from house to house, from store to store and, in the market, from stand to stand the nourishment and means necessary for the care of the destitute stck. The Sisters have appreciated the kindness of heart manifested toward their labors and those for whom they have labored. Mt. Carmel Hospital.—With the founding of the Columbus Medical College came the necessity for another hospital in this city, with advantages not less than those enjoyed by the Starlino. Medical College. Doctor W. B. Hawkes, one of the trustees of the Columbus Medical College, who died in 1884, willed to the institution a tract of ground 150 feet square, situated on an elevation at the corner of State Street and Souder Avenue, west side, on which should be erected a hospital for the use of the College. Doctor Hawkes also devised $10,000 toward the construction of the building. Under the superintendency of Doctor William D. Hamilton, plans were drawn for the new hospital and were accepted by the board of trustees. Work on the building began in the spring of 1885, but the funds gave out and only as donations and subscriptions to a limited extent were received did the work of completion proceed during the fall and winter of that year. But a hospital building without the competent persons to care for it and properly direct its management would be entirely useless. Hence, even before it was ready for occupancy, the trustees appreciated the necessity of placing it in the hands of those who were to have its entire control in order that it might be completed according to the latter's desires and convenience. It was decided, with the consent of the Bishop of Columbus, to place its management under some one of the religious communities of Sisters in the Catholic Church, and Doctor W. D. Hamilton finally succeeded in inducing the Sisters of the Holy Cross, from Notre Dame, Indiana, to accept it. Their lease amounted to almost a sale and the Sisters, under the direction of Mother Angela, immediately went to work to complete and furnish the building, for which purpose many prominent and wealthy citizens, both Catholic and non-Catholic, made handsome donations of money and useful articles. On July 16, 1886, the first patient was received though the hospital was not fully prepared for the reception of the sick until some months later. The success attained by the Sisters in their careful nursing, the excellent hygienic surroundings, the pleasant situation and the fame acquired by the medical staff in the treatment of very difficult cases, soon crowded the hospital, which was rather limited in space; consequently the Sisters began preparations for enlargement of the institution by purchasing, in 1887, the adjoining property to the east, thus giving a frontage from Souder Avenue to Davis Avenue and affording a very beautiful site for the new building, the foundations for which were laid in the spring of 1891. On May 31, in the same year, Right Rev. Bishop Watterson blessed the cornerstone and placed it in position. The ceremony attracted a large crowd of people and was accompanied by a parade of the Catholic societies. The platform at the site of the cornerstone laying was beautifully decorated with American 'and Papal colors, and upon it were seated Bishop Watterson, Fathers Logan, Moitrier, White, Reilly, Mulhearn, Goldschmidt, Clarke, O'Reilly, Rhode. Horn and Cush, Governor Campbell, Mayor Karb, Judge Nash, Judge Gillmore, Hon. H. J. Booth and others. Addresses were made by Bishop Watterson, Governor Campbell, Mayor Karb and Hon. W. J. Clarke, the latter speaking for the Board of Trustees of the Medical College. During the past year and a half the work of finishing the grand and imposing structure has gone steadily on, and today it stands as one of the most attractive improvements of the West Side. The front on State Street is 201 feet with a depth of 80 feet. The buildings contain 70 rooms and three large wards, all comfortably and some of them luxuriantly furnished. On the fourth or top floor is a well arranged amphitheater for surgical operations. It will accommodate 300 persons Apparatus for hotwater heating has been put into all the apart- 670 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. ments, and is accompanied by a perfect system of ventilation. A beautiful little chapel occupies a quiet and secluded portion of the building. Rev. F. Moitrier is the chaplain. St. Anthony's Hospital.—The central and consequently very convenient location of St. Francis Hospital caused it to be generally known and recognized as the refuge of all emergency cases and particularly of the victims of accidents. The patrol wagon daily unloads the suffering and the dying at its doors. In such circumstances room must be made for the unfortunate persons' who have nowhere else to look for attendance and succor. Indeed the object of the Hospital was primarily for such as could be relieved or cured and was never intended as a refuge for the incurable or a home for the friendless. The conditions of the lease plainly indicated as much, yet the Sisters, in the charity which they always exercise, were from time to time compelled to admit such. This was the origin of the St. Anthony's Hospital erected and controlled by the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. It was to be used mainly for the treatment and care of incurables, while St. Francis will receive the accident and acute cases. Situated on Mann Street, corner of Taylor Avenue, in the extreme eastern part of the city, it possesses a location far removed from the bustle and excitement of city life, with abundance of pure air, so great a desideratum in the care of the invalid. St. Anthony's partakes of the nature of a sanitari urn. The first portion of the property was bought in March, 1889, and additions were made thereto in 1890, during which latter year plans and specifications were adopted, and the work of excavation began in June. The building was enclosed before winter of 1890 and by October of the following year it was completed. The dedication took place on Sunday, November 22, Right Rev. Bishop Watterson officiating. The Catholic societies celebrated the occasion by a parade. The Hospital is three stories in height, has a fine architectural appearance and contains about one hundred rooms. The tract of eight acres upon which it is located furnishes ample ground for the openair enjoyment of the patients. The cost of the establishment will reach $100,000, most of which will be met by donations and other charitable offerings by our churches and individuals. Several business firms have furnished wards or rooms. The first patient was received December 7. 1891, and up to September 30, 1892, three hundred and eightysix were treated. The Hospital has already proven its necessity and usefulness. Convent of the Good Shepherd.—The Sisters of the Good Shepherd were first established in the city of Caen, France, in 1851, and received the cordial approval of the Popes. Their object is to establish and sustain houses of refuge for penitent fallen women and girls of all ages, to rescue female children from dangerous occasions of crime and to train and instruct them in useful employment. The mother house of the order is in Angers, France, where the Mother-General resides and where, at intervals of three years, the general council of the order, composed of delegates from all their convents throughout the world, meet to deliberate upon the welfare of the order and the best means to carry on the great work of charity. One portion of the community is strictly cloistered and not permitted to go beyond the prescribed convent enclosure unless for some extraordinary reason. Other members of the order, however, have the rule so modified that they are required to attend to the outside affairs of the convent. The early history of the Sisters of the Good Shepherd in this city indicates the spirit of selfdenial that pervades the order in general and, indeed, of all the sisterhoods in the Church. They came from Cincinnati, a little band of them, with Mother Gertrude Molloy at their head, in May, 1865. Rev. Father Fitzgerald, the present Bishop of Little Rock, urged their coming and secured for them a rented dwelling on East Spring Street. Their mission was little known at first and therefore unappreciated. The accommodations were limited and the CATHOLIC - 671 growth of the institution was held in check and suffered much inconvenience. As they subsisted by the work of their own hands and made no appeal for charity they were soon compelled to obtain more commodious quarters in which to do the sewing, fancy needlework and laundry service that was required of them by their friends and patrons. Through the kind offices of Father Fitzgerald the Sisters purchased the elegant property of the Sullivant heirs situated on Sandusky and Broad streets, West Side, where they have built up a beautiful convent home. Every year since 1866, when the Sisters came into possession of this property, they have added improvements to it, New and substantially constructed houses have been built for the different classes and departments, among these added structures being a neat and handsomely decorated little chapel where the entire community of Sisters and children daily congregates. The institution supports itself almost entirely by the work of its inmates, all the children being employed at some useful occupation when not engaged in recreation or at school. The good work accomplished is continually manifested by the numbers of former inmates who are now leading useful and happy lives rendered so by the benign influence exerted over their early years when the world threatened to lead them astray. The Sisters feel a great reward in the gratitude of these children who visit the convent at frequent intervals. Mother Gertrude was, up to 1890, the much-loved Superior who came with the community and lived with them, directing them through the trying years of their foundation and the difficulties encountered in subsequent times. The people of Columbus and vicinity had learned to venerate the good Superior for her many qualities of heart and mind. It was no wonder, then, that her transfer by her superiors in March, 1891, was deeply regretted. Just realizing the fruits of a life of sacrifice and struggle, she meekly and cheer- fully obeyed the call and entered upon the more responsible duties of Mother Provincial of the houses connected with the order in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The convent has a resident chaplain, the present one being Reverend F. Moitrier, who also attends to the spiritual need of Mount Carmel Hospital. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum.—Of all the charitable and educational institutions of the Catholic Church in Columbus only one is strictly diocesan, that is to say, directly controlled by the Bishop. The others are conducted by the individual religious communities to which they belong, subject, however, to the authority of the ordinary of the diocese. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum is a purely diocesan charity, founded on the needs of the Church in the diocese. It is controlled by the Bishop. In a letter published in the Columbus Westbote, July 19, 1874, Very Reverend J. B. Hemsteger, Vicar-General at the time, said : A Catholic Orphan Asylum has been a long felt want in the diocese of Columbus. Circumstances favor the foundation of such an institution at present. The Superior-General of the Sisters of St. Francis visited this city some time ago with the object of finding a refuge for her Sisters persecuted and exiled from Germany by Bismarck. Last year they taught 7.800 children. Their institutions extend as far as Brazil and Java. Right Rev. Sylvester Rosecrans has received them into' this diocese and commissioned them to found an orphan asylum in this city. Thus the main point of this enterprise is determined. A suitable place for the institution has also been secured. Louis Zettler has sold to the Right Rev. Bishop his residence with surrounding grounds on East Main Street for the sum of $•5,000. Of this sum he has since donated $10,000 for the benefit of the orphans. The residue of $15,000 is payable after ten years, with interest at five per cent. It will be easy to comply with these conditions if all the parishes of the diocese help generously. The Right Rev. Bishop has therefore ordained to have a collection made in all the churches of the diocese on Christmas Day for the orphans and to continue this collection as long as the institution shall be in need of it. The Sisters expect to open the asylum next Christmas. As it is necessary to prepare the institution for the reception of the orphans we hereby request the Catholics of Columbus particularly to contribute towards furnishing the chapel and schoolrooms, the dormitories and the kitchen. A special committee will be selected from the different societies to represent their fellow members in the interest of the orphans. 672 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS This letter introduces the Orphan Asylum and the plans by which it was begun and will be continued. Contrary to expectation, the institution was not formally opened until February 2, 1875, when the Right Rev. Bishop Rosecrans solemnly blessed it and dedicated it to the purpose for which it was intended. On this occasion the Bishop was assisted by Very Rev. S. B. Hemsteger, V. G., Rev. J. B. Eis, who was in temporary charge as chaplain and owing to whose exertions the asylum had its beginning ; Rev. J. Cosella, pastor of St. Patrick's, and Rev. M. M. Meara, of the Cathedral. All the seminarians were present and the societies marched to the grounds in uniform and regalia. The opening was very auspicious. In a few months Rev. John C. Goldschmidt was appointed the chaplain and director, Rev. Father Eis having been authorized by the Bishop to organize the new parish of the Sacred Heart. Father Goldschmidt has remained to the present time. Year by year the institution grew rapidly until additions were necessary to accommodate the orphans and to make their home comfortable and convenient. Father Goldschmidt has devoted his best energies to the good work, succeeding admirably in not only keeping up the running expenses of the institution but also in defraying the cost of new buildings and many great improvements. Four hundred orphans are now inmates, besides a number of Sisters who care for them with the solicitude of mothers. The revenues of the asylum are derived principally from the Christmas collections throughout the diocese, the annual picnic and volunteer offerings of the friends of the institution. A now chapel to serve also as the church of the parish was dedicated some years ago and a very comfortable residence for the chaplain has been erected. St. Mary's of the Springs.—This academy for young ladies, situated northeast of the city, near Alum Creek, on the Johnstown Pike, is conducted by the Sisters of St. Dominic. This community of nuns is an outgrowth of the religious order of priests founded by St. Dominic in the thirteenth century. The Fathers came to this country at the beginning of the present century, the small band of them directed by Rev. Edward D. Fenwick. Bishop Carroll had then episcopal jurisdiction over the entire United States and adjoining territory. Under his direction the Fathers were sent to the West to engage in active missionary life. In 1806 Father Fenwick purchased with his own patrimony land in Washington County, Kentucky, and established thereon the first Dominican convent in the United States, naming it after the first saint of the Dominican order in America, St. Rose of Lima. From St. Rose's as a centre the Fathers extended their missionary labors in several directions, particular attention being given to Kentucky and Ohio. In 1818 St. Joseph's Convent, at Somerset, this State, was established by the Dominican Fathers on lands donated by Mr. Peter Dittoe, of that place. St. Joseph's was the Ohio centre for Catholicity. As the Fathers had now firmly established themselves, it was desired that the Sisters of the same order be founded in this country to assist in the work of education and charity. Rev. Thomas Wilson was the Provincial of all the Dominicans in the United States and received authority from the Master-General of the order to establish the Sisterhood. When this became known a number of ladies applied for admission as candidates. The first convent of St. Catherine was erected about a mile from St. Rose's and soon gained prominence as a Catholic School. Miss Mary Sansberry, a native of Maryland, was among the first to enter the community and under the name of Sister Angela became the first Prioress. The -first mission from the convent was at St. Mary's, Somerset, near the vicinity of which the Dominican Fathers had founded a house. Four Sisters, by request of Bishop Fenwick, who was also Provincial of the Dominicans, arrived at Somerset on February 5, 1830. School was opened in a small house in the April following with forty pupils in attendance. CATHOLIC - 673 St. Mary's Convent increased in usefulness and popularity and additions were constantly made to the property. In the midst of its prosperity, during the year 1866, a disastrous fire destroyed all the buildings and rendered the inmates homeless. The Dominican Fathers tendered the Sisters the use of their novitiate, sending their novices to St. Rose's, Kentucky. In this building the Sisters conducted their school for two years. Shortly after the fire Mr. Theodore Leonard, of this city, learning of the destitute condition of the community, offered them a tract of land containing thirtythree acres, the present site of the Academy, and a munificent donation of building material if they would remove to Columbus. The proposition was accepted, and in the fall of 1866 the foundations for the new structure were laid. The building was 150 feet long by sixty feet in width ; its height was four stories of twelve feet each. The interior was arranged with the requisite conveniences for a large boarding school with accommodations for about two hundred pupils. On September 7, 1868, the building was ready for the school term which opened on that day, the Sisters having taken possession a few weeks previously. Mr. Eugene Mageveny, of Memphis, Tennessee, supplemented the donation of Mr. Leonard with $10,000, much of which was used in furnishing the interior. Sister Rose Lynch, known in after years as Mother Rose, at present with the Dominican Sisters at Galveston, was the first Superior. Additions have been made to the original building during the past twenty years, and the landscape so beautified by nature arid art that St. Mary's of the Springs has become one of the most charming sites for an academy to be found in Ohio. Under the fostering spiritual care of Bishop Watterson the Dominican Sisters have greatly extended their influence as attested by the number of schools in the diocese supplied with Sisters as teachers, who own St. Mary's as their home. At present another large addition is being built, which, when completed, will give increased facilities for carrying on an institution of learning that our citizens will feel proud of. It is patronized extensively by non-Catholics and it frequently happens that over half of the pupils are daughters of such parents. Mother Vincentia is at present Superior. St. Joseph's Academy. -This wellknown institution, situated on East Rich Street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, was founded by the Sisters of Notre Dame at the earnest solicitation of Bishop Rosecrans and a number of prominent citizens. It is a day school tor young ladies in which all the branches of a thorough academic course are taught. The Sisterhood of Notre Dame was instituted in France in 1751 and introduced into this country in 1840 by Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, who engaged them in several schools of his diocese. From Cincinnati a small community of the Sisters was brought to Columbus in August, 1855, by Rev. James Meagher, pastor of St. Patrick's Church, where they were employed in teaching the parochial schools. Thus they were the first Sisters to establish a home in this city. Their first residence was on Oak Street, between Fourth and Fifth. The cornerstone of the present academy was laid by Very Rev. J. B. Hemsteger, V. G., on April 15, 1875, Rev. Fathers Eis and Goldschmidt assisting at the ceremony. The building was erected as rapidly as possible and on September 6, 1875, opened with an encouraging number of pupils. From that time on the attendance has steadily increased, necessitating additions to the building until it is now one of the largest and most popular of the educational institutions of our diocese. Music and the fine arts receive particular attention, and the young lady that graduates either in music or the English course has indeed earned the honors. The Sisters of Notre Dame belonging to this house teach in the parish schools of St. Patrick's and Holy Cross. Cemeteries.—The Catholic Church consecrates the ground in which are placed the remains of its faithful members, and wherever it can possibly be done land is 43* 674 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. set aside for that purpose alone, and wherever there is a Catholic Church there is also a Catholic burial ground. Prior to 1845 the Catholics of Columbus, constituting only one congregation, that of Holy Cross, had no cemetery of their own. The priest accompanied the remains to the graveyard and blessed the grave. In January, 1845, Samuel Brush conveyed to Peter Ury and wife a tract of land containing three acres and a quarter, situated in the northeast part• of the city and now known as the " Old Catholic Burial Ground." The consideration was six hundred dollars. This property Mr. Ury held in trust for the Catholics until September 11, 1848, when he deeded it to John B. Purcell, Bishop of Cincinnati, for the same consideration of $600. The burial ground was at that time just within the city limits ; in time, however, the cemetery was nearly filled and the City Council, moreover, prohibited by ordinance further burials within the corporation. This measure, long anticipated, urged the Catholics to the purchase of other grounds for cemetery purposes. Calvary Cemetery.— Through the agency of John F. Zimmer, a tract containing twenty-five acres, lying some distance beyond the city limits, on the Harrisburg Pike, was purchased in 1865, and additions thereto in 1866 and 1869. The parties conveying the property to the Bishop were Jacob Gall, Philo N. White and John F. Zimmer. The ground is slightly undulating and has been vastly improved by shrubbery and the erection of handsome monuments. The cemetery was opened for burials in 1867 and up to the time of its solemn consecration November 2, 1874, over fourteen hundred interments had been made. The great Privilege of placing their dead in consecrated ground had by necessity been denied. the Catholics of Columbus. But now the time had come when they were possessed of ground free of incumbrances and prepared to receive consecration. A procession of all the Catholic societies moved from St. Joseph's Cathedral to the cemetery, where an immense crowd of people bad gathered to witness the imposing ceremonies so filled with consolation to those whose beloved ones' remains were there reposing. Previous to the consecration Bishop Rosecrans, from the foot of the large cross erected in the centre of the ground, addressed the people a few words in which he dwelt upon the very solemn character of the ceremony about to be witnessed and exhorted all to pray for the dead without ceasing. In the sacred function the Bishop was assisted by Rev. N. A. Gallagher, Rev. G. H. Ahrens, Rev. H. Anderson, Very Rev. J. B. Hemsteger, Rev. J. Casella, Rev. J. Bauman, Rev. M. M. Meara, Rev. J. B. Eis, Rev. H. B. Dues, and a number of seminarians and altar boys. The ceremony occupied some time and at its conclusion the pontifical blessing was given. At the time of the abandonment of the old burial ground the remains of the dead were removed by friends to the new cemetery and efforts were made to dispose of the property. The title of the land has been contested by Peter Ury's heirs who claim it by reason of its ceasing to be used for burial purposes. The inferior courts have decided that the Bishop holds a clear title and can dispose of the property. The case has been appealed to the Supreme Court, and it may be some time before the final decision is reached. Our historical sketch ends here. As this is the first compilation of the history of the Catholic Church in this city except the very creditable attempt in Studer's History of Columbus, the writer feels that some inaccuracies may, in the light of further investigation, be found in the course of the sketch. If such there be, he will feel grateful to have them indicated so that proper correction can be made in the future. To Mr. Alfred E. Lee the author feels under obligations for permitting recourse to compilations of church news made by that gentleman in the preparation of this great work. To the clergy and superiors of religious communities thanks are returned'for favors. Studer's Columbus and John Gilmary. Shea's History of the Church in the United States have furnished some important items connected with the early history of the, Catholic Church in this city.