LUTHERAN - 701 THE CAPITAL UNIVERSITY; BY REV. EMANUEL SCHMID, A. M. In order to give a correct view of the history of the Capital University it is necessary to "begin at the beginning," and the beginning of this institution we find in the German Evangelical Lutheran Seminary of the Joint Synod of Ohio, of which it is the outgrowth. Early in the history of Ohio many Lutherans from the Eastern States, and from Germany, settled in that new and promising State These Lutherans here and there organized congregations and obtained their ministers as best they could, from the East and from Europe, or by the help of ministers already settled in the new State, who prepared gifted young men for the holy office. All this supply, or rather want of supply, was not satisfactory. After the organization of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio in the year 1818, the question of founding a theological school of its own was repeatedly agitated but was not fully settled until the year 1830. In that year the Synod determined to begin the work in earnest. The first step taken was to find the proper man who should be the teacher in the new institution. The location of the proposed seminary and the necessary building were secondary considerations. Fortunately for the projectors of this undertaking a young theologian from Germany, Rev. William Schmidt, who had obtained his training at the noted university at Halle, had about this time arrived in Ohio and was serving a few small congregations in and about Canton. He was elected to be the theological professor.' inasmuch as Mr. Schmidt did not wish to give up his charge immediately, it was agreed that the Seminary should be started in Canton. There, in his own house, Professor Schmidt began with six students — a small commencement yet one of far reaching importance. It may be stated here as noteworthy that this was the second Lutheran Seminary in America, it being antedated only by Hartwick Seminary in Otsego County, New York, which was founded in 1815. It soon became apparent that the new capital of Ohio, Columbus, would be a more suitable location for the new seminary than Canton. Accordingly, by resolution of Synod, the transfer was made in the fall of 1831. Fourteen acres of land were purchased near the southern extremity of High Street, as that street then was. The citizens of Columbus contributed to the institution the sum of $2,500. Two buildings for the accommodation of the seminary were erected. These buildings were then an ornament to the southern part of Columbus. Whoever today passes the beautiful property of Mr. Hayden in that part of the city passes the former site of the seminary. " College Street," just east of the Hayden property, commemorates this fact. More than this, the theological Seminary became of necessity the first school in Columbus in which an education higher than that afforded by the common schools could be obtained. It was soon felt that an academic course, limited though it might be, must be connected with the seminary if the young men who desired to study theology would be duly prepared for their future calling. Hence the course of study in the institution embraced a number of branches not usually taught in theological schools, such as Latin, Greek, Logic, German, Syntax, etc. Quite a number of the prominent families of Columbus improved this opportunity of giving their sons a more extensive education than could be had in the public schools; consequently the number of pupils from the " town " was large. Professor Schmidt died in 1839, only thirtysix years of age. His successor was Rev. C. F. Schaefer of Hagerstown, Maryland. Ho had for an assistant Mr. C. Jucksch, who taught the ancient languages. Professor Jucksch, however, soon 702 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. resigned. Thereupon Reverend F. W. Winkler became second professor of theology and assistant teacher in the preparatory department.. .The " language question " about this time caused considerable difficulty in the Synod and the Seminary. Both professors resigned, the one in 1842, the other in 1845. In 1846 Rev. W. F. Lehmann received a call and accepted the vacant professorship in the Seminary. Of Professor Lehmann Doctor Schodde truthfully says in a historical sketch of the Capital U niversity : " A new era in the history of the Seminary begins with the appointment of Rev. W; F. Lehmann as theological professor in 1846. Professor Lehmann, although in purely scholastic attainments he may have been surpassed by some, yet through his eminent practical taste that always seemed to know and do the right thing at the right time, and through his intense devotion to the school, has probably done as much as, or even more than, any other man to make the institution what it is. From 1846 down to his death in December, 1880, he was engaged as teacher in the seminary, and when a college department was added, he was professor in the college also, later becoming the president of the whole institution. Through his mastery of both the German and English languages, he practically settled the language question for the seminary by delivering his lectures in both languages." This is perhaps the proper place to state that the Theological Seminary, as a branch of the Capital University, is still performing its work very successfully in educating young men for the ministry in the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and other States. And very urgent indeed is this work, inasmuch as the Synod has extended her boundaries far beyond the State lines of Ohio—even from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. There are now three theological professors, viz. : Rev. M. Loy, D. D., Rev. C. H. L. Schuette, A. M., and Rev. F. W. Stellhorn. The theological students have also the opportunity of hearing lectures in the college and taking part in the recitations of this branch of the institution. in the course of time it became evident that a literary institution, with a full college curriculum, was needed by the Synod of Ohio. The desire to establish such an institution, and thereby to advance the cause of a higher education, permeated with a true Christian spirit, grew from year to year until it found its fruition in 1850. On March 7 of that year a charter was granted by the legislature, according to which the Capital University, with all necessary privileges and immunities pertaining to a literary institution of the kind, was established. The directors in whose name the charter was given were the following : James Manning, C. G. Schweizerbarth, Christian Spielmann, C. Albrecht, John Leist, Jacob Beck, J. Machold, Lewis Heyl, G. W. Boerstler, Andrew Henkle, E. Gebhart, Henry Lang, Emanuel Greenwalt, John Minnich, D. Rothacker, A. B. Bierdeman n, J. Stemple, Henry Everhart, Jonas Mechling, and John Zimmermann. These were all members of the Lutheran Church and of the 'Joint Synod of Ohio, but besides them the following prominent citizens of Columbus, irrespective of church affiliation, were charter members of the Board of Directors : Samuel Galloway, Henry Stanbery, Lincoln Goodale, Samuel M. Smith, George M. Parsons, Thomas Sparrow, John P. Bruck, Thomas Roberts, Matthew Gooding and Fernando C. Kelton. On the evening of the day on which the charter became a law (March 7, 1850) the Board of Directors unanimously elected Rev. Profesor William M. Reynolds, D. D., of Pennsylvania College, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as President of the new institution. The board at the same time elected Rev. A. Essick and J. A. Tressler as teachers in languages, mathematics, etc., and Professor Lehmann, of the Theological Seminary, as teacher of German. All of these accepted the appointments tendered them. In the meantime the site of the Seminary had been .changed from the south end of the city to Town Street, where the old Covert LUTHERAN - 703 property, situated at the head of Fifth Street, had been purchased, the grounds on South High Street having been sold in the fall of 1849 to Mr. Peter Hayden. The new college was opened at the Town Street site. The inauguration of President Reynolds took place on the evening of' May 21, 1850, and the grammar school, which was the whole of the college at that time, opened on May 22 of the same year. A " Faculty of Letters" was constituted at a regular meeting of the board on September 11, 1850, by appointing, in addition to the President, Rev. A. Essick as professor of Ancient Languages and Literature, J. A. Tressler as professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, and Rev. W. F. Lehmann as professor of the German Language and Literature. At the same meeting Mr. Daniel Worley was appointed Tutor. Doctor T. G. Wormly was soon afterwards appointed Professor of Chemistry and Natural Science. The location on Town' Street did not prove satisfactory, and steps were taken to secure a more appropriate one. It was then that the liberality and kindness of Doctor Lincoln Goodale became manifest towards the Capital University. He donated a fouracre lot just east of Goodale Park, at the corner of High and Goodale streets, to this institution of learning on condition that an appropriate building should be erected on the ground thus generously granted. This donation was thankfully accepted by the Board of Directors. The work of building went forward briskly and by September, 1853, a noble edifice was completed and ready to receive the school with all its departments, including the Grammar School, the College proper and the Theological-Seminary. The dedication of the new building took place September 14, 1853, and on that occasion the well known statesman, Honorable William H. Seward, of New York, delivered the English address, the German one being delivered by Rev. Doctor Stahlman, of New York City. The cost of the building was $40,000. Untoward circumstances, which need not be particularized here, caused the resignation of President Reynolds in the following year. His successor was Rev. C. Spielmann, who remained in office until 1857, when failing health caused his resignation. Then came the presidency of Professor W. F. Lehmann, which continued until his death in 1880. Of the successful labors of Professor Lehmann we have already spoken above. Professor M. Loy, D. D., was chosen as the fourth President and is the present incumbent of that office. When the Capital University was located on the grounds donated by Doctor Goodale it was considered to be situated in the midst of rural scenes and quiet. And so it was, indeed, for a number of years. But this state of affairs soon changed, especially after the war, when Columbus began to grow rapidly. The city and the railways crowded around the school to such an extent as to make a change of its site desirable. This change was accomplished in the year 1876, when the institution was removed to its present location just oast of Alum Creek on the old National Road. The former building was sold and is now, after having been remodeled and enlarged, used as the Park Hotel. A new and greatly improved edifice was erected on the tenacre lot presented to the institution. A commodious boarding hall has been built in the immediate vicinity of the college, and in connection with several residences of professors and a neat church, gives the location a lively and inviting appearance. The institution and its adjuncts already form, in fact, a pleasant little suburb of the city, enjoying at the same time all the advantages of a quiet rural life. A street railway now passes the doors of the institution. The University edifice affords ample accommodation for students, including lecture rooms, society halls and everything that can render such an institution attractive. The design is to have only two students occupy the same room as a study and dormitory, but at present the crowded condition of the school makes a departure from this rule necessary. A threestory building for recitations and library was erected in 1891, at a cost of $13,000. 704 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. The institution known as Capital University has no endowment. It is financially supported by the contributions of the congregations and the members and friends of the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio and other States, which has now a membership of about 80,000 communicants. A few legacies in its favor have been left by friends, but not to a large amount. More are expected, yet the chief reliance of the university rests upon the annual collections and gifts of the members of the Synod. A small income from tuition must be added to this sup port. Many of the students are maintained by the liberality of the church. The organization of the University includes the Preparatory or Grammar School, the Collegiate and the Theological Departments. Two years are assigned to the Grammar School, four years to the college course, and three to the theological department. The college course is complete in itself; it aims at a thorough training upon the foundation laid in the Grammar School, and not merely at conferring the bachelor's degree. This degree, however, is conferred upon students who satisfactorily complete the full classical course. The master's degree (A. M.) is conferred only upon those who have shown themselves worthy of the honor by literary work, which must be submitted to the faculty for examination. The college course embraces the following subjects : Latin, Greek and Hebrew languages and literature, with exercises in Latin and Greek composition throughout entire course. The study of Hebrew is begun in the Junior year, and by those who study theology is continued in the seminary. Mathematics, pure and applied, are taught throughout the course. Connected with this are theoretical mechanics and natural philosophy. Universal history is taught in lectures through all the classes. Much attention is paid to the study of German, which extends through the preparatory and collegiate' departments. Through the whole course due attention is given to studies in English literature and philosophy, embracing mental and moral science, logic and rhetoric. Weekly debates and exercises in composition and declamation are held. There are two literary societies, one English and the other German, connected with the college. A library of about 5,000 volumes is at the service of the members of the institution, of course under certain restrictions. The members of the present board of trustees are Rev. A. W. Werder, President, Wheeling ; Rev. J. Beck, Secretary, Columbus ; Rev. D. Simon, Prospect, Ohio ; Rev. H. Wickemeyer, Richmond, Indiana; Rev. G. Mochel, Galion, Ohio; Rev. E. A. Boehme, Youngstown, Ohio ; Rev. Professor M. Loy, D. D., Columbus; Rev. G. F. H. Heiser, Detroit ; C. Nagel, Springfield,Ohio; P. Schuh, Galion, Ohio ; G. H. Spielmann, Columbus ; L. Baum, St. Paul, Ohio; J. L. Trauger, Columbus ; F. W. Stock, Columbus ; and G. Hellermann, also of Columbus. The faculty as at present constituted is as follows: Rev. M. Loy, D. D., President and Professor of Mental and Moral Science ; Rev. E. Schmid, A. M., Secretary and Professor of History ; Rev. C. H. L. Schuette, A. M., Professor of Mathematics ; Rev. George H. Schodde, Ph. D., Professor of Greek and Hebrew; Rev. F. W. Stellhorn, Professor of German Language and Literature ; Professor George K. Leonard, A. M., Principal of Preparatory Department; Rev. A. Pfiueger, A. M., Resident Professor (Housefather) ; Rev. K. Hemminghaus, A. M., Professor of Latin. NOTES. 1. This introductory sketch was written by Professor Lewis Heyl, of Philadelphia. 2. The author is indebted for the sketch of this church to Mr. Frederick J. Heer. 3. The author is indebted for the sketch of this church to its pastor, Rev. C. H. Rohe. 4. The author is indebted for this sketch, and those which follow of the Grace Lutheran, St. Mark's English Lutheran and the Christ Lutheran churches, and of the St. Peter's Lutheran Mission, to Mr. Frederick J. Heer. CHAPTER XLV. VARIOUS CHURCHES. Y. M. C. A. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. Trinity Church.— The first Protestant Episcopal Society in the Northwest was organized by the Worthington colony in 1803. Most of the colonists, comprising about forty families, were Episcopalians. In their compact it was provided that a farm lot of one hundred acres and two town lots should be set apart for the establishment of a central school, or academy, and that 'a like reservation should be made for the foundation and support of a church. Among the first things thought of by the colonists when they began to take up their new homes in the wilderness were these pledges in behalf of education and religion. A church and a school were therefore at once organized and became joint occupants of a large cabin built for public purposes, on the east side of the public square. Of this building, Joel Battles, one of the colonists, says in his diary, that " at all public meetings it was a town hall ; and whenever the young people wished to have a dance or a ball, that being the only room large enough for that purpose, it was used as a ballroom."' The first trustees of the church were James Kilbourn, Nathan Stewart and William Thompson ; of the school, which took the name of Academy, the first trustees were James Kilbourn, Levi Buttles and Nathan Stewart. Religious services were held regularly every Sunday, Rev. James Kilbourn officiating, unless he happened to be absent from the village, in 'which case lay reading was supplied, generally by Ezra Griswold, brother to the late Bishop Griswold. The society has maintained these services without interruption, it is said, until the present day. On February 22, 1807, the General Assembly of Ohio passed an act incorporating the church as St. John's Parish. This act named thirty-one communicants. The Academy was incorporated by an act of February 20, 1808. Without notable event or change the church and school moved along hand in hand, until, in 1812, the seat of government of Ohio was located on the " high bank of the Scioto, opposite Franklinton." To this event, greatly disappointing to the Worthington colonists, who had striven earnestly, and with much deserving, to win for their village the favor of the General Assembly, many of them adjusted themselves by removing to the new town of Columbus. Another event of great importance to the religious and literary interests of Worthington was the advent of Rev. Doctor 45 * [705] 706 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Philander Chase, of Connecticut, who arrived in Ohio in 1817, and established his residence on a farm between Columbus and Worthington. The purpose of Doctor Chase in coming to the West was that of building up the interests of the Protestant Episcopal denomination, particularly in Ohio, of which, on February 11, 1819, he became Bishop. In 1820 his nephew, then twelve years old, and residing in New Hampshire, followed him to Ohio, and became one of his pupils at Worthington. This nephew afterwards became Governor of the State, a National Senator and the finance minister of the mightiest war in history. The crowning honor of his .life was that of being made. Chief Justice of the United States, in which position he died. Around the name and personality of this statesman, Salmon P. Chase, cluster many of the most illustrious achievements in behalf of human progress, and the integrity of our National Union. His future fame and usefulness were doubtless due in no small degree to the training given him by his uncle, Bishop Chase, in the school at Worthington. 2 The first religious service in Columbus held in accordance with the ritual of the Protestant Episcopal Church was conducted by Rev. Philander Chase on May 3, 1817, in the Buckeye House, on Broad Street. On the seventh of the same month Doctor Chase held a second service, at the close of which thirty persons signed articles associating themselves as " The Parish of Trinity Church, Columbus, State of Ohio, in connection with the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States of America." The original signers of these articles were Orris Parish, Joel Buttles, Benjamin Gardiner, Alfred Upson, Philo H. Olmsted, John Kilbourne, John Warner, Thomas Johnson, John Webster, George W. Williams, Cyrus Fay, Charles V. Hickox, John Callitt, Amasa Delano, Silas Williams, Chris- topher Ripley, Austin Goodrich, Daniel Smith, Josiah Sabin Cyrus Allen, Abner Lord, James K. Cary, John C. Brodrick, James Pearce, 11/1. Matthews, William K. Lampson, Cyrus Parker, William Rockwell, A. J. McDowell, Junior, and L. Starling. On the eleventh of the same month Doctor Chase held another service, at the close of which the constitution of the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States was read and adopted by the Trinity Church parishioners. The following church officers were thereupon appointed : Wardens, Orris Parish and Benjamin Gardiner ; vestrymen, John Kilbourne and Joel Buttles ; secretary, Joel Buttles. Messrs. Gardiner and Buttles were appointed delegates to a diocesan convention to be held at Columbus on the first Monday in January, 1818.3 The services of the church were subsequently held in various buildings, and were sometimes conducted by Bishop Chase, sometimes by other clergymen whose assistance was invoked. When clerical ministrations were not to be had, members of the congregation appointed for the purpose officiated. The records show that on September 16, 1819, Benjamin Gardiner and Cyrus Fay were appointed " layreaders to read the service of the church on each and every Sunday," and that on September 10, 1825, Mathew Mathews was appointed layreader. For a considerable time prior to 1833, the meetings of the congregation were held in a small frame building which occupied the present site of the Masonic Temple on Third Street. A current newspaper record of June 8, 1826, says : " The Episcopal Convention of the diocese of Ohio commenced in this town on yesterday." This is all we are permitted to learn from the press of this very important meeting. On March 30, 1829, the following pledge, the original of which is now in the hands of Mr. George Hardy, of Columbus, was circulated for signatures : The subscribers promise to pay to the wardens of Trinity Church, in Columbus, on or by the first day of January, annually, for the use and support of William Preston, or whomsoever else shall be employed to officiate as clergyman of said parish, the sums annexed to our names, reserving to ourselves the right of discontinuing this subscription any time by giving notice in writing to either of said wardens. PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL - 707 In pursuance of this pledge, Rev. William Preston became the first regular rector of the Trinity Church parish, and on Easter Sunday, 1829, took charge of the parish in connection with that of St. John's, at Worthington. At the expiration of two years he wok up his residence in Columbus, and devoted his entire time to Trinity, which then comprised seventeen communicants, representing eleven families. During Mr. Preston's pastorate the original Trinity Church -first of its denomination in Columbus was built of stone on the present site of the Hayden Bank, on East Broad Street. The lot cost $1,000, and was conveyed to the society in 1832. The church was erected in 1833, at a cost of $10,000. It was said to be, at that time, the largest edifice for religious purposes in Ohio. During the period of its erection the number of parishioners increased to 110, representing seventy families. A sale of pews in the new church took place in January, 1834. At the first recorded confirmation, which took place September 15, 1830, the rite was administered by Bishop Chase to fourteen persons, among whom were Justin Morrison, P. B. Wilcox, Abram McDowell, Mrs. McDowell and Mrs. William Neil. The second confirmation service in the parish ,took place August 30, 1833, and was conducted by Bishop Charles P. McIlvaine. Among the persons confirmed on that date were John C. Broderick, John A. Lazell, Mrs. C. Matthews, Mrs, A. Brooks and Mrs. Kirby. The first recorded marriage in the parish was that of Justin Morrison and Melissa Boardman, solemnized October 20, 1831, by Rev. William Preston. A convention of the clergy and laity of the Diocese of Ohio was held in the Trinity Church in September, 1837. The rectors of the Trinity parish have succeeded one another in the following order : 1829-1841, Rev. William Preston ; 1841-1842, Rev. Charles Fox ; 1842-1846, Rev. Alexander F. Dobb; 1847 1850, Rev. Dudley A, Tyng; 1850-1854, Rev. William Preston ; 1855-1858, Rev. Charles Reynolds ; 1858-1859, Rev. G. H. Norton ; 1859-1860, Rev. William D. Hanson ; 1861-1864, Rev. Julius E. Grammer ; 1865-1869, Rev. C. A. L. Richards; 1870-1877, Rev. Rufus W. Clark ; 1877-1879, no regular rector ; 1879-1888, Rev. C. H. Babcock ; 1888-1889, no regular rector ; from November 1, 1889, the present rector, Rev. Robert E Jones. On June 19, 1881, Rev. Frederick W. Clampett, of Christ Church, Springfield, Illinois, was called as associate rector, because of infirmity of health of the rector who, on that account, was granted a six months' leave of absence. Mr. Clampett remained as associate rector until April 5, 1892, when his resignation was accepted. In 1854 the infirm condition of the spire on the church caused it to he removed. The bell which swung in this spire was noted for its beautiful tone. The School Board purchased it, and placed it on the Highschool building on State Street, where, after being used for a time, it was cracked and ruined. An effort to erect a new church in lieu of the stone edifice on East Broad Street, was made in 1853, but was not successful. The effort was renewed in 1855, in which year the ground then known as the " Work Lot," on part of which the Highschool building now stands, at the southeast corner of Broad and Sixth streets, was purchased for $8,000. This purchase had a front of 99 feet on Broad Street, and extended south to Oak. The foundation for a church was laid on it in 1856, but the work progressed no further. 4 The original part of the present Highschool building Was erected on the site selected for the church, and, in November, 1862, the remainder of the tract was sold for $2,500 to Hon. William Dennison, of whom a new site for the church, 75 x 1871 feet, at the southeast corner of Broad and Third streets, was purchased for 87,500. In 1863 the old stone church was purchased for $10,000 by Doctor John Andrews. The foundation of the present Trinity Church was laid in 1866, under the direction of William A. Platt, Francis Collins and William G. Deshler. W. Lloyd, of Detroit, was the architect of the building, and William Fish the superintendent 708 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. of its construction. The style of architecture adopted was the English Gothic the material used for the upper walls was sandstone brought from the vicinity of Newark, Licking County. During the spring of 1867 Messrs. Platt, Collins and Deshler resigned as members of the building committee, and Messrs. Charles J. Wetmore, John G. Mitchell and Samuel McClelland were appointed in their stead. -Under the supervision of this latter committee the church was erected and. completed, excepting its tower, which is still unfinished. The original cost of the lot and building was about $70,000. First use of the chapel for religious services was made in December, 1868, and of the main building on April 1, 1869. The last stone of the old church on Broad Street was removed on May 22, 1868. Trinity Guild, a society of laymen designed to promote the interests of Trinity, Church, was organized November 6, 1872. Trinity Chapter Number 115 of the Brotherhood of St. Andrews, also a working organization of laymen, has now been in existence about one year. The property on East Broad Street formerly known as the Esther Institute, more recently the Irving House, was purchased for the uses of the church in June, 1890; and is now known as Trinity House. The price paid for this property was $45,000. On January 18, 1889, the consecration of Bishop Kendrick took place at Trinity Church in the presence of a large number of prominent prelates and clergymen. St. Paul's.—The foundations of a Protestant Episcopal church were laid luring the autumn of 1841 at the corner of Third and Mound streets. On December 1, 1842, the parishioners who had signed articles of association for the formation of the parish of which this church was to be the place of worship, met and named it St. Paul's. Rev. H. L. Richards was chairman of this meeting and F. J. Matthews was its secretary. A. Buttles was chosen senior warden, I. N. Whiting junior warden and Henry Matthews, Moses Altman, John Burr and Herman M. Hubbard vestrymen. Rev. Henry L. Richards, the first rector of the parish, began holding services therein on the first Sunday in Advent, 1842. The completed church edifice was consecrated by Bishop McIlvaine on August 11, 1846. In July, 1848, Rev. Henry L. Richards was succeeded as rector by Rev. Alfred M. Loutrel, who remained until 1851, when Rev. Thomas V. Tyler took charge of the parish, but to remain only a few months. Rev. W. Norman Irish became rector on September 1, 1852, but resigned in the summer of 1855, and was succeeded for some months by Rev. E. B. Kellog. The next rector was Rev. 1. A. M. La Tourette, who began his ministerial duties on the first Sunday after Ascension Day in 1856, but was succeeded in March, 1858, by Rev. James L. Grover, who served as rector until June 25, 1862. "Rev. George Seabury, who was next in the pastoral succession, began service on September 20, 1864, but resigned in January, 1867, and was succeeded in September of that year by Rev. C. C. Tate, who continued until November, 1872, when he removed to the diocese of Indiana. His successor was Rev. C. H. Kellogg, since whom the parish has been served by Rev. Robert W. Grange, Rev. Lincoln and the present rector, Rev. Francis A. Henry. The present church edifice is located on East Broad Street, south side, between Garfield and Monroe avenues. On October 26, 1869, an ecclesiastical court was convened at Trinity Church for the trial of Rev. Colin C. Tate, rector of St. Paul's, on a charge of having organized a choir of boys, in white surplices, to sing while entering and going out of the church. The defense entered a plea denying the jurisdiction of the court. This plea prevailed, after exhaustive argument, and the court was dissolved. Church of the Good Shepherd.— This church, located on the southeast corner of Buttles and Park streets, was originally a mission of the Trinity Episcopal congregation. The cornerstone of its church edifice was laid June 13, 1871, with ceremonies conducted by Bishop G. T. Bedell, of Gambier. An address was delivered on that occasion by Rev. Wylleys Hall. The present rector is Rev. Mr. Graham ; hi; predecessor was Rev. Frederick 0. Grannis, INDEPENDENT PROTESTANT GERMAN - 709 INDEPENDENT PROTESTANT GERMAN. Moved by a desire for religious worship disassociated from the forms and symbols of the Lutheran and Reformed German Protestant churches, a number of German Protestant citizens of Columbus met on February 6, 1843, at the house of Henry Watts, then known as the Canal Hotel, were called to order by J. P. Bruck and chose Louis Roster as chairman. A congregation was then organized by selection of the following officers: President, Louis Roster ; vice presidents, Nicholas Maurer and Otto Frankenberg ; secretaries, P. Ambos and J. 0. Bruck ; treas- urer, Jacob Silbernagel ; trustees, Daniel Wendel, Jacob Lauer, Andreas Dippel, David Bauer, Frederick Funke, George M. Unger and Christian Faber. A choir was organized during the ensuing month. meetings were held in different localities as they happened to be available, and services were conducted by Rev. Mr. Zeller who volunteered to act temporarily as pastor. The erection of a church edifice was at once taken into consideration, a building committee was appointed, and through the untiring efforts of Daniel Wendel, George Roster and other members of the society, subscriptions to a building fund amounting to three thousand dollars were obtained. On April 21, 1843, J. P. Bruck purchased of General J. Patterson the lot constituting the present site of the church on Mound Street, near Third, for $500. A plan for the church, drawn by N. B. Kelley, architect, was presented to the congregation by P. Herancourt, the cornerstone was laid on June 5, and on December 17, 1843, the new church, beautifully bedecked with flowers and crowded with interested people, was formally dedicated. The dedicatory sermon was preached by the temporary pastor, Rev. A. L. Begeman, and some additional remarks were made by Rev. Doctor James Hoge. Thus the new church began its career with fine promise of prosperity, but frequent changes in its pastorate, caused partly by sickness and partly by other untoward circumstances, produced unhappy results and to such financial straits was the congregation reduced that, in 1849, it felt obliged to lease the church edifice to the Trinity Lutheran Society, in whose possession it remained until the end of the year 1857. The church organization was meanwhile maintained, and the income derived from the church edifice was so prudently managed that by the beginning of 1858 the debts by which the society had been embarrassed were nearly all paid. At the same time the friends of the church, including many descendants of its founders, began to insist that the church should be reopened for its original purpose, which was accordingly done. Rev. Edward Graf was engaged as temporary pastor and after having served one year in that relation was definitely employed in February, 1859, for an additional term of three years. A Sundayschool under the leadership of Pastor Graf was organized, and in 1860 contained about seventy children. Mr. Graf resigned before the expiration of his term, leaving his congregation for a time without any pastor. On May 5, 1862, Rev. Philip Zimmerman was called to take charge of the congregation, but on December 2, in the same year, his useful and very highly appreciated services were arrested by his death. Rev. Mr. Engelman was next called to the pastorate, but resigned it on September 1, 1865. After much seeking to find another suitable person to take charge of the church, the choice of the congregation finally fell on Reverend Christian Heddaeus, the present popular pastor, who was chosen on January 24, 1866, and on April 14 of the same year entered upon the duties of the pastoral office, which he has from that time to this fulfilled with extraordinary acceptability to his people. 710 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Until the year 1871 the church property belonged, not to the congregation, but to a portion of its members. The number of these proprietors was finally reduced to eleven. In 1871 these proprietors generously entered into a compact to transfer to the congregation their entire interest in the property provided the debt then encumbering it and amounting to a little over one thousand dollars should be paid. This condition was complied with and the transfer was accordingly made, UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. This denomination did not exist in Columbus in organized form until 1866, when its first church was erected on the south side of Town Street, between Fourth and Fifth. Of the society thus located Rev. W. B. Davis was the first pastor. In 1867, Mr. Davis, after retiring from the First Church, organized the Olive Branch Church, an edifice for which was erected near the Piqua Railway Shops. A branch of this society was organized in the southwestern part of the City in 1870, and took the name of Mount Zion Church. A German Church was organized in 1868, and 'erected an edifice on the south side of Friend Street, east of Seventh. DISCIPLES OF CHRIST. Central Christian Church.—The Society bearing this name had its origin in prayermeetings held by a few persons in private houses during the month of October, 1870. On December 1 of that year, a small apartment for a Sunday-school, and for prayermeetings, was rented in a building then occupied by Samuels's drugstore, on North High Street. Here occasional religious services were held, conducted by different clergymen. On April 1, 1871, the congregation rented a large room in the Sessions Block, southeast corner of High and Long streets. In this apartment, Rev. R. Moffit, of Bedford, Ohio, preached on the first Sunday in April, 1871, and Rev. T. D. Garvin, of Cincinnati, on the Sunday next following. Mr. Garvin accepted a call which was tendered him to become pastor of the church, and on the third Sunday in April, 1871, entered upon his duties pursuant to this call. On April 22, 1871, a meeting of which T. Ewing Miller was chairman and F. D. Prouty secretary, chose T. Ewing Miller as treasurer of the church, F. D. Prouty as secretary and William Wallace and F. D. Prouty as deacons. William Williams and Benjamin Styles were at a later date chosen as additional deacons. At a meeting of the congregation held in its apartments in the Sessions Block on March 7, 1872, the pastor, Rev. T. D. Garvin presiding, F. D. Prouty was elected clerk of the church, and a resolution was adopted to incorporate the society "under the name of the Central Christian Church, known as the Disciples of Christ." The church was accordingly incorporated on March 20, 1871, and three trustees were elected : T. Ewing Miller for three years, William Williams for two years and James Archer for one year. On a lot 62 x 123 feet, at the southeast corner of Third and Gay streets, purchased at the time of incorporation at a cost of $5,300, a temporary church was erected. William Williams was the builder of DISCIPLES OF CHRIST —FRIENDS —UNIVERSALIST - 711 this church and T. Ewing Miller, James G. Archer and F. D. Prouty were the building committee. It was first opened for public worship on the third Sunday in May, 1872. The present brick edifice which has succeeded it was erected in 1879, and was dedicated on August 1 of that year. An address was delivered on that occasion by Rev. Isaac Errett, editor of the Christian Standard, Cincinnati. The church cost, inclusive of its furniture, about $14,000. The members of the building committee which supervised its erection were T. E. Miller, J. M. Montgomery, Albert Allen, John R. Hunt and William Williams. The successors of Rev. T. D. Garvin as pastors of the church have been, in the order of service, as follows : William P. Aylesworth, William A. Knight, J. C. Aganier, F. Bell, Thomas Chalmers, Andrew B. Chalmers and the present pastor, Rev. J. D. Forrest. The members of the church number at the present writing between four and five hundred. Its elders are Professors G. P. Coler and James Chalmers, of the Ohio State University, J. E. Strickler and S. A. Shupe. Its trustees are J. M. Montgomery, A. N. Fox, B. E. Styles, William Williams and G. H. Warden. The Sundayschool, which is now in a flourishing condition, contains about two hundred scholars, officers and teachers. Another valuable adjunct of the church, embracing its younger element, is its large and active society of Christian Endeavor. Church of Christ.—This is, as yet, a small society. Its place of worship is located on Filth Avenue. FRIENDS. The church edifice in which this society worships is situated on Ohio Avenue Its dedication took place on October 12, 1873, on which occasion Charles F. Coffin, of Richmond, Indiana, Esther B. Tuttle, of Delaware, Ohio, and Mr. and Mrs. Frame, of Clinton County, Ohio, were the most prominent visitors and speakers. UNIVERSALIST; BY REV. W. M. JONES. The earliest existing records of this church are dated January 4, 1844. Traveling preachers of Universalism had for some years visited the city, and there was here to welcome them, hear them and assist them forward a small company of men and women holding this faith. On the above date these signed the following " Declaration : " We whose names are hereto annexed, being desirous to cooperate for the support of religious truth and the promotion of human good ; and recognizing and acknowledging God as our Father, Divine Inspiration as our moral guide, Jesus Christ as our Exemplar and Saviour, our common race as heirs of a blissful immortality, and filial and fraternal love as the sum and substance of human duty, do hereby form ourselves into a society to be known and distinguished as the Universalist Society in Columbus; submitting to the discretion of the majority of the members present at the first regular meeting the adoption of such rules and regulations as may be deemed the most effective in securing the attainment of the objects of our association. 712 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. UNIVERSALIST - 713 To this declaration were signed the following names: Demos Adams, John Field, John Greenwood, N. Merion, N. Wallace, Philip Reed, William Bambrough, James W. Osgood, Hiram Loveland, Smithson E. Wright, J. C. Armstrong, W. A. Standish, E. R. Hill, H. H. Kimball, Allen Hogan, Frederick Cole, H. McMaster, William C. Preston, Leonard Humphrey, William Richards, Enos Doolittle, William F. Wheeler, S. A. Preston, Susan Adams, Adaline Kimball, Mary Bambrough, Sarah J. Reed, Amelia Richards, Elizabeth Cadwallader, Catherine G. Dalsell, Elsey Preston, Catherine P. Preston, Matilda Wright, Catherine Bancroft, Elizabeth M. Field, Amanda Martin, Sophia P. Kelton, Ellen Loveland, Catherine D. Doolittle, Harriet Bancroft, Mary, Eberly, Catherine N. Humphrey and Harriet Osgood. This society, so formed, cooperated in maintaining occasional preaching as they could secure ministers, using the house of the German St. Paul Church on Third Street, which they afterwards purchased. On March 29, 1845, the society was incorporated under an act of the Ohio legislature passed March 13 of that year, and at the same time appointed the first board of trustees. These were John Greenwood,John Field, James W. Osgood, Demas Adams and William Bambrough. The first regularly employed pastor was Rev. N. Doolittle, who began his service with the society in October, 1845. In this month a committee was appointed to canvass for funds for a new church building and to be a building committee in case of success in securing necessary funds. This project took shape in December of the same year in a resolution to build " on the pewstock principle." The matter of the rules and regulations of the society contemplated in the declaration of 1844, remained in statu quo until May 1, 1851, when in addition to the original declaration, the society adopted a constitution defining the duties of its officers and fixing a time of regular meetings. Under this constitution the society has continued until this present record. Mr. Doolittle resigned in 1851, and the society secured Rev. Mr. Gibbord as temporary supply. Rev. N. M. Gaylord was engaged as pastor in April, 1852, and continued until November, 1854. During 1855 and 1856, the church engaged Rev. Mr. Upson and Rev. Mr. Haws to supply the pulpit until October of the latter year, when Rev. H. R. Nye was called to the regular pastorate. This beloved pastor remained with the society until 1859, when he removed to Cincinnati to assume charge of The Star of the West, a denominational organ. The pastors since then have been Rev. Thomas Gorman, Rev. Doctor J. S. Cantwell, Rev. A. W. Bruce, Rev. Doctor E. L. Rexford, Rev. W. S. Ralph, Rev. T. P. Abel and Rev. W. M. Jones, the present pastor. The church lot and building on Third Street were sold in 1884 to the society of Cerneau Masons, whereupon the society purchased the lot on State Street whereon stands the present edifice, finished and dedicated in May, 1891. Soon after the purchase of the lot on State Street a Sundayschool and chapel building was erected on the rear part of the lot. The present pastor, Rev. W. M. Jones, was installed in 1888. During the first three years of his pastorate the present beautiful church edifice was erected on the front part of the State Street lot at a cost of $35,000, all raised by voluntary subscription.' During the present pastorate the church has come into possession of a beautiful pastor's home on Twentyfirst Street, valued at $6,000, the gift of Mrs. Lucy M. Stedman. 714 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. CONGREGATION OF B'NAI ISRAEL. The origin of this society is thus sketched in a communication to the author by Mr. 1. M. Schlesinger : "Judah Nusbaum, a native of Bavaria, Germany, arrived here in the year 1838; Nathan and Joseph Gundersheimer in 1840. All three were traveling traders and made their headquarters in Columbus until a few years later, when they commenced a general store in the Walcutt building,, at the corner of High and Town, streets. Simon Mack, S. Lazarus and brothers, Samuel, Hess and Abraham Am burg, came here to reside in the year 1844. In 1847 came Breidenstuhl, of Rochester, S. Schwalbe, S. Morrison and a halfbrother of S. Lazarus named Aaronson. In 1849 all of the gentlemen above named united in starting a congregation under the title of B'nai Jeshuren, this being an orthodox society, and S. Lazarus, a merchant clothier, officiating, without remuneration, as their Rabbi. Their first meetingplace was an upstairs room in the building now known as the Twin Brothers Clothing Store, and the president of the congregation was Nathan Gundersheimer. Two brothers named Schreier who resided here about the year 1848 were joined by a third brother from California in 1849. All three died with the cholera, these being the only Hebrews who perished with that dread disease in Columbus. The first Jewish wedding which took place in this city was that of Joseph Gundersheimer on July 9, 1849. The next Rabbi was Joseph Goodman, who officiated until 1855 when Rev. Samuel Weil, of Cincinnati, was called here. At that time the congregation met in a hall above the present. Siebert gunstore, on South High Street. Other Rabbis succeeded in the following order :. Rev. S.. Goodman, Rev. Mr. Wetterhahn and Rev. Mr. Rosenthal. During the terms of the last two the congregation met at Walcutt's Hall. The members not harmonizing well, nineteen of them withdrew during the spring of 1870 from the congregation B'nai Jeshuren and started the congregation of B'nai Israel which was organized at a meeting held April 24, 1870.. At that meeting Nathan Gundersheimer was chosen chairman and S. Amburg, Louis Kahn and Judah Nusbaum were elected trustees for one year. At a meeting of the trustees Jacob Goodman was chosen secretary, Joseph Gundersheimer treasurer and Nathan Gundersheimer president. The old congregation was dissolved." For the purpose of erecting an edifice adapted to the Hebrew forms of worship a lot at the northwest corner of Friend (now Main) and Third streets was purchased. The price paid for this ground was $5,000, which sum was pledged by twentyone members of the congregation, which at that time numbered in all about thirtyfive. Previous to these events the services of the congregation had been conducted in the Hebrew language; it was proposed to conduct them thenceforward in English. Subscriptions of money for the erection of the new temple were actively solicited and were obtained not only in Columbus but elsewhere. Messrs. Nathan and Joseph Gundersheimer and Jacob Goodman were appointed to supervise the building, a contract for which was awarded to Hall & Fornoff. On May 15, 1870, the cornerstone of the temple was laid with imposing Masonic ceremonies, in the presence of several thousands of people. After a parade in which the Odd Fellows and Masonic bodies of the city took part, the ceremonies at the building site were opened by the Männerchor which sang impressively, to the tune of Pleyel's Hymn, the stanzas beginning: B'NAI ISRAEL —Y. M. C. A - 715 Round the spot — Moriah's Hill — Masons meet with cheerful will ; Him who stood as King that day We as cheerfully obey. After the stone had been lowered to its place an address on Human Dignity was delivered by Rev. Isaac M; Wise, of Cincinnati. The exercises closed with an anthem by the Mannerchor and a benediction. On September 16, 1870. the completed temple was ceremoniously dedicated. After an address by Rev. J. Wechsler at the old synagogue, in Walcutt's Hall, a procession was formed and marched to the new temple, on arrival at which the key to the building was presented by Miss Ada Gundersheimer to the chairman of the building committee, Mr. Nathan Gundersheimer, who was fitly addressed by the lady making the presentation and appropriately replied. The door was then opened and the procession entered, The ceremonies which followed were thus described : The three scrolls of the law were borne by the members appointed to take charge of them, from the right of the altar down the west aisle of the temple and then back on the east aisle to the place of starting. This was denominated " making the first circuit" .. . During the making of this circuit the Männerchor sang " 0 Day of the Lord." . . . Prayer by Rev. Dr. Wechsler followed, after which he read the one hundred and fiftieth Psalm. Response to this was made by the choir of the Temple who sang beautifully " Praise God in His holiness." During the singing the procession of the bearers of the scrolls of the law was again formed and, marching around the Temple, made the second circuit. The prayer of King Solomon at the dedication of the Temple was then read by Rev. Doctor Wechsler, after which the choir sang a Hebrew song, during which the third circuit was made. The scrolls of the law were then placed in the Ark to the rear of the pulpit, the choir at the same time singing the one hundredth Psalm. Rev. J. Wechsler and Rev. Dr. Wise successively delivered addresses. At the conclusion of his remarks Doctor Wise read an invocation to which the choir seven times responded, " Amen, Hallelujah." The clergymen who have ministered to the congregation since its origin have been, in the order of service, as follows : Reverends Weil, Goodman, Lippman, Wetterhahn, Schonberg, Rosenthal, Wechsler, F. W. Jesselson, and Alexander H. Geisman. Zion Lodge 62, I. 0. B. B., of the Jewish secret society known as the Sons of the Covenant, was instituted on August 23, 1865. Capital Lodge Number 132 of the same order was instituted in 1876. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. A meeting called for the purpose of organizing a society bearing this name was held in the lectureroom of the First Presbyterian Church on January 15, 1855. This seems to have been the first movement made for this specific purpose in Columbus. The meeting was well attended by representatives of the Protestant churches then in the city. Rev. Mr. Willard was called to preside, S. Mathers was chosen secretary, and a committee which seems to have been previously appointed reported a constitution, with accompanying bylaws, which was signed by about forty persons. An election of officers then took place, and the following were chosen ; President, H. B. Carrington ; vice president, Thomas S. Baldwin ; 716 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. corresponding secretary, S. H. Burr ; recording secretary, W. B. Chadwick ; treasurer, S. B. Fay. The meeting then adjourned to reconvene at the same place on the following Monday evening. How long this organization endured, the author has been unable to ascertain. Circumstances indicate that it was ephemeral. The next movement of this kind of which the current chronicles give account, took place in the spring of 1866. On April 16 of that year a meeting of representatives of the different churches of the city to organize a Young Men's Christian Association was held at the First Presbyterian Church. Rev. Mr. Marshall presided at this meeting and a committee to report rules of organization was appointed. Officers were chosen during the .ensuing May and rooms for meetings were engaged in the Buckeye Block. In November of the same year, the association had upon its rolls the names of 250 members, and was said to have accomplished much good. its first annual report, made in May, 1867, showed 300 members. The officers chosen at the annual meeting to which this report was submitted were : President, Captain W. Mitchell ; vice president, Rev. E. P. Goodwin ; secretary, W. H. Lathrop ; treasurer, 0. G. Peters; trustees, E. L. Taylor, Woodward Awl, L. J. Critchfield, J. E. Rudisill and M. P. Ford ; also an executive committee. In connection with this association a lyceum was organized which held its first meeting in the Buckeye Block, on October 18, 1866. In October, 1867, it was stated that the association had begun the formation of a library. The first State Convention of the Young Men's Christian Associations of Ohio was held at the First Congregational Church on October 31,1867. On taking the chair, C. N. Olds, the temporary presiding officer, stated that, in obedience to resolutions passed by a convention of Young Men's Christian Associations of the United States and British Provinces, held at Montreal in June, 1866, this body had convened. The permanent chairman chosen was H. Thane Miller, of Cincinnati, who replied to an address of welcome delivered by Captain William Mitchell. Numerous subjects were discussed. A constitution was adopted and the following officers for the State association were chosen ; President, H. Thane Miller, Cincinnati; secretaries, H. A. Sherwin, of Cleveland, and J. H. Cheever, of Cincinnati ; treasurer, J. W. Russell, of Oberlin; also an executive committee and numerous vice presidents. A second course of lectures before the lyceum of the Columbus association was begun in December, 1867. On November 8, 1869, the following officers were chosen for six months: President, Gordon Moodie ; vice president, J. E. Rudisill ; treasurer, A. Ritson ; secretaries, W. Awl and E. C. Smith. On April 21, 1870, George H. Twiss was chosen president, B. J. Loomis vice president, W. Awl secretary, A. Ritson treasurer, and E. L. Taylor, L. J. Critchfield, W. Awl, H. Early and S. M. Hotchkiss trustees, A project to erect a suitable building for the association at some location fronting the Capitol Square was discussed at a meeting called for the purpose on November 8, 1870. The proposed cost of the building was $40,000; $2,500 was pledged. In 1875, we read of the choice of the following offices: President, Charles H. Hall ; vice president, Doctor J. F. Baldwin ; secretary, R. A. Beard ; treasurer, J. A. Jeffrey. In 1876, rooms for a railway branch were fitted up at the Union Station. These rooms were formally opened on Sunday, October 1. New rooms for the association were opened in the Sessions Block October 15. A delegate State convention of Young Men's Christian Associations was held at the First Congregational Church, beginning September 28, 1877. A meeting to greet the delegates was held at the church September 27; a farewell meeting took place at the Opera House September 30. The officers chosen for the State association were : President, H. Thane Miller, of Cincinnati ; vice presidents, W. A. Y. M. C. A. - 717 Mahony, of Columbus, J. C. Tisdel of Painesville and John Dodd of Dayton-, secretaries, Charles H. Hall, of Columbus and J. E. Studebaker of Springfield. In November, 1878, the Columbus Association chose the following officers : President, William G. Dunn ; vice president, F. C. Sessions ; treasurers. J. A. Jeffrey, E. T. Rawson ; secretary, Rev. L Taft. The third anniversary of the asso elation was celebrated at the Opera House November 11, 1878. " A book reception" at which 250 volumes were received, took place at the rooms of the railway branch on April 17, 1879. The anniversary of the organization of the Columbus association was again celebrated on November 10, 1879. The exercises of this occasion took place at the Second Presbyterian Church. The railway branch celebrated its fourth anniversary at the Second Presbyterian Church on May 9,1880. On May 11 of that year a gymnasium under the auspices of the parent association was opened in the Sessions Block. A society of ladies, adjunct to the railway branch, was organized in April, 1881. The branch held its anniversary meeting on May 15 of that year. At the annual meeting held on October 3, 1881, the Columbus association chose the following officers : President, J. M. Godman ; vice president, G. L. Smead ; treasurers, J. A. Jeffrey and E. T. Rawson ; secretaries, C. D. Firestone and J. T. Minehart. On May 1, 1881, the erection of an association building to cost one hundred thousand dollars was resolved upon by the executive committee, and books for subscriptions were opened. This movement was not successful. New rooms for the association were opened in the Monypeny Block, December 8, 1883. These rooms included apartments for reception, reading, library and gymnasium. During the same year an Ohio State University branch was organized. The ninth anniversary of the organization of the Columbus Association was celebrated on November 16, 1884, at the Second Presbyterian Church. The association removed to new quarters on East Broad Street, opposite the Capitol, on December 9, 1884. Here reading rooms, reception parlors and a gymnasium were fitted up. The erection of a building for joint use of the Young Men's Christian Association and the Female Benevolent Society was currently discussed early in 1885. The eighteenth annual convention of the State association was held on February 12, 1885, at the First Congregational Church. The meeting continued four days. A branch convention of ladies was at the same time held at the Westminster Church, and one of boys at Wesley Chapel. The tenth anniversary of the Columbus association was celebrated at Wesley Chapel November 29, 1885; the eleventh was celebrated at the Town Street Methodist Church on November 14, 1886. At the annual election held on October 3, 1887, the following officers were chosen ; President, John D. Shannon; vice president, R. M. Rownd ; secretary, T. A. Morgan ; treasurer, Edwin F. Wood. During the autumn of 1889 Mr. B. S. Brown stated in conversation that, in his opinion, the Young Men's Christian Association of Columbus should have a building of its own and that he would contribute toward the erection of such a building ten per cent. of a subscription fund of $50,000, $100,000 or $150,000 to be devoted to that purpose. This proposition having come to the knowledge of the association, a conference was held with Mr. Brown, resulting in an agreement to subscribe $20,000 toward the building and ground suitable for its location, provided sufficient additional subscriptions should be obtained to raise the fund to $100,000. This greatly encouraged the workers in the building project, and their efforts were immediately renewed with redoubled energy. Their success was such as to justify, it was believed, the purchase of a site for the building, and accordingly, in March, 1890, a lot 60 x 187 feet in size, located on South Third Street, opposite the Capitol, was bought of R. C. Hoffman. The price paid for this lot was $30,000, of which amount the sum of $7,000 required as a cashdown 718 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. payment, was kindly advanced by Mr. B. S. Brown. Mr. Hoffman, the owner of the lot, made a contribution of $3,000. Among the larger and earlier subscriptions, besides those of Messrs. Brown and Hoffman, were the following : Columbus Buggy Company, $5,000; William G. Deshler, originally $2,000, subsequently raised to $2,500 ; F. C. Sessions, $2,000 ; Bowe & Beggs, $2,000; George M. Parsons, $2,000 ; Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Munson, $2,000 ; George W. Bright, $1,000 ; R. M. Rownd, $1,000; W. A. Mahony, $1,000 ; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, $1,000 ; Charles Baker, $1,000; W. R. Walker, $1,000; Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Brush, $1,000; William G. Dunn, $1,000; D. S. Gray, $1,000; Emerson McMillin, $1,000; Miss C. M. Tuttle, $1,000; A. G. Patton, $1,500; M. C. Lilley, $1,000; N. B. Abbott, $1,000. The 'canvassing committee comprised the following members : George W. Bright, chairman ; O. A. Miller, secretary ; George M. Peters, R. M. Rownd, Henry O'Kane, David M. Greene and George Hardy. When this committee had obtained subscriptions to the amount of $87,000 the possibilities of its efforts seemed to have reached their limit. The entire city had been canvassed, and nothing more, apparently, could be obtained. At this juncture the workers again had recourse to Mr. B. S. Brown, who, on being consulted, agreed to raise his contribution to $25,000 provided the aggregate sum should go to $100,000. Thereupon the canvassing committee again fell to work, William G. Deshler and others increased their subscriptions, and the $100,000 mark was reached. Immediately upon the achievement of this consummation, the canvassing committee was converted into a building committee, with George M. Peters — vice George W. Bright, who voluntarily retired — as chairman. It is but just to say that the mechanical knowledge and business skill of Mr. Peters were invaluable to the building committee, as were the energy and tact of Mr. Bright to the canvassing committee. These able men were fortunate, also, in being associated with able coworkers. The president of the association at this time was Charles E. Munson ; its secretary W. T. Perkins. A large number of plans for association buildings already in use were exam• ined, one prepared by Mr. J. W. Yost, of Columbus, was adopted, and Mr. Yost was appointed architect. Ground was broken for the building on October 1, 1890 ; the association took up quarters in its new home on April 1, 1892. The cost of the building complete, exclusive of the ground, was about $85,000. It contains a large and very finely equipped gymnasium, which was opened for use on September 19, 1892. This department occupies two floors. It contains a running track constructed on scientific principles, a swimming pool and well ordered suites of bathrooms. The members of the gymnasium have at their disposal the services of a salaried instructor. The library of the association is yet small ; its reading room is supplied with a large assortment of current publications. Besides a large auditorium, equipped with 725 chairs, the building contains a hall for minor meetings capable of seating about two hundred persons. Conversation, reception and amusement rooms are provided in abundance. The association derives a considerable income from rented apartments. COLUMBUS CHURCHES - 719 NOTES. 1. See Chapter X of Volume 1. 2. Bishop Chase was the founder and first head of Kenyon College, for the establishment of which he collected about $30,000, in England. Owing to a disagreement between himself and some of the clergy as to the proper use of this fund, he resigned both from the college and the episcopacy in 1831, and removed to Illinois, where, in 1835, he became bishop of that State. He established the Jubilee College at Robin's Nest, Illinois, in 1838. 3. This convention met on January 5, 1818, at the residence of Doctor Lincoln Goodale. Rev. Philander Chase was elected president and David Prince secretary. The lay delegates were the two named in the text. representing Trinity Church. Columbus ; Ezra and Chester 'Griswold, St. John's Church, Worthington ; Joseph Pratt, St. James Church, Boardman ; Solomon Griswold, Christ Church, Windsor ; David Prince, Grace Church, Berkshire ; Edward King, St. Paul's Church, Chillicothe ; John Matthews, St. James Church, Zanesville ; Alfred Mack, Christ Church, Cincinnati. Rev. Roger Searle, Rev. Philander Chase and Joseph Pratt were appointed to report on the state of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Ohio. A constitution for the church in Ohio was reported by Doctor Chase, and adopted. A committee was appointed to report measures for the support of the Episcopate. This was the first convention of the church held in Ohio. The next one was held at Worthington June 3, 1818, and elected Rev. Philander Chase Bishop of Ohio. There were present at this second convention only four clerical and thirteen lay delegates. Bishop Chase received all the votes but one, which was doubtless his own. He was consecrated at St. John's Church, Philadelphia, February 11, 1819. His journey from Worthington to Philadelphia and return was made on horseback. At a convention of the diocese held at Gambier in September, 1831, Bishop Chase resigned and Rev. Charles P. Mcllvaine, of New York, was chosen his successor. 4. Proposals for excavations and the laying of this foundation were invited by John A. Lazell. William G. Deshler and Philip D. Fisher on July 11, 1856. 5. The successful execution of this undertaking was largely due to the perseverance and popularity of the pastor, Rev. W. M. Jones. COLUMBUS CHURCHES, 1892 Presbyterian.—Broad Street Church, northeast corner Broad Street and Garfield Avenue; First Church, southwest corner State and Third ; First United Church, northeast corner Long Street and Washington Avenue ; Euclid Avenue Church, 1416 ½ North High Street ; Fifth Avenue Church, north side of Fifth Avenue, between High Street and Dennison Avenue ; St. Clair Avenue Church, corner St. Clair and Fulton avenues ; Second Church, east side of Third Street between State and Town ; Welsh Church, southeast corner East Avenue and Long Street ; Westminster Church, northwest corner Sixth and State streets. Methodist Episcopal. —Town Street Church, corner Town and Eighteenth streets ; Wesley Chapel, northeast corner Broad and Fourth streets ; Broad Street Church, southwest corner Broad Street and Washington Avenue ; Third Avenue Church, northeast corner Third Avenue and High Street ; Third Street Church, southwest corner Third and Cherry streets ; Donaldson Street Church, on Donaldson Street, between Washington and Parsons avenues ; King Avenue Church, south side of King Avenue, west of Neil Avenue ; Mount Vernon Avenue Church, northeast corner of Mount Vernon and Denmead avenues ; Gift Street Church, southwest corner Gift and Shepherd streets ; North Columbus Church, southeast corner Duncan and High streets ; German Church, northwest corner Third and Livingston avenues ; Miller Avenue Chapel, east side of Miller Avenue between Rich and Town streets ; Neil Chapel, southwest corner of Neil Avenue and Goodale Street ; Shoemaker Chapel, Harbor Road, north of Fifth Avenue ; East End Second African, north side of Mt. Vernon Avenue, east of Bolivar Street ; St. Paul's African, north side of East Long Street, between High and Third. 720 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Congregational.—First Church, Broad Street between High and Third ; High Street Church, northwest corner of High and Russell streets ; North Columbus Church, 2486 North High Street ; St. Clair Avenue Church, on St. Clair Avenue, north of Mount Vernon Avenue; Eastwood Church, southeast corner of Twentyfirst and Long streets ; South Church, Stewart Avenue, near High Street ; Mayflower Chapel, northwest corner of Main Street and Ohio Avenue ; Welsh Church, north side of Town Street, between Fifth and Sixth streets ; West Goodale Church, north side of Town Street between Fifth and Sixth. Catholic.—St. Joseph's Cathedral, northwest corner of Broad and Fifth streets ; St. Patrick's, corner of Grant Avenue and Naghten Street ; Holy Cross (German), northeast corner of Fifth and Rich streets ; Holy Family, 584 West Broad Street ; St. Mary's (German), 684 South Third Street ; St. Dominic's, corner of Twentieth and Devoise streets ; Sacred Heart, First Avenue and Summit Street ; St. Vincent de Paul's, St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, corner of East Main Street and Rose Avenue ; Sisters of Notre Dame, attended from Holy Cross ; Academy of St. Mary's of the Springs ; St.' Anthony's Hospital ; Chapel of Convent of the Good Shepherd ; Chapel of St. Francis Hospital ; Chapel of the Hospital of Mount Carmel (Hawkes); St. Turibius, at St. Joseph Orphans' Home, 821 East Main Street. Baptist.—First Church, northeast corner of Rich and Third streets ; Second Church., (colored), southeast corner of Gay and Lazell streets; Shiloh Baptist (colored), west side of Cleveland Avenue, between Long Street and Mount Vernon Avenue ; Bethel Church (colored), Fifth Avenue. east of the railway ; Union Grove Church (colored), Champion Avenue, north of Long Street ; Hildreth Church, southeast corner of Twentieth and Atcheson streets ; Memorial Church, northeast corner of Shepherd and Sandusky streets ; Russell Street Church, southeast corner of Russell and Miami streets ; Tenth Avenue Church, corner of Highland Street and Tenth Avenue. Lutheran. — St. Paul's German, southeast corner of High and Mound streets ; Grace Church, east side of Fourth Street, between Mound and Fulton ; Trinity Church, northeast corner of Third and Fulton streets ; First Evangelical, northwest corner of Main Street and Parsons Avenue ; German Evangelical, southeast corner of Third and Mound streets ; Christ Evangelical, north side of National Road, east of Alum Creek ; St. Peter's Evangelical, Twentieth Street north of Mount Vernon Avenue ; Eman net Church, on Monroe Avenue ; South End Mission, southeast corner of Jaeger and Thurman streets ; St. Mark's Church, corner of Fifth and Dennison Avenues ; Lutheran Mission, 953 Mount Vernon Avenue. Protestant Episcopal.—Trinity Church, southeast corner of Broad and Third streets; Trinity Episcopal, west side of McDowell Street, between State and Broad ; Church of the Good Shepherd, southeast corner of Buttles and Park streets ; St. Paul's Parish, south side of East Broad Street, between Garfield and Monroe avenues Hebrew Temple.— B'nai Israel Temple Congregation, northwest corner of Third and Main streets. Independent Protestant.— German Independent Protestant Church, on Mound Street, near Third. German Evangelical Protestant.— St. John's Protestant Church, on south side of Mound Street, between High and Third streets. Friends. — Friends' Church, northeast corner of Ohio Avenue and Smithfield Street. Evangelical Association.—Emanuel Evangelical Church, on north side of Main Street, between Seventh Street and Washington Avenue. Disciples of Christ.— Central Christian Church, southeast corner of Third and Gay streets; Church of Christ, corner of Fifth Avenue and Section Street. Universalist.—First Universalist Church, east State Street, between Sixth and Seventh. United Brethren.—First Avenue Church, southwest corner of First and Pennsylvania avenues ; Olive Branch Church, southwest corner of Long and Fifth streets. Reformed.— Grace Reformed Church, 186 South Third Street. Seventh-day Adventists.— Southwest corner of Fifth and Long streets. Spiritualist. —First Spiritualist Church, 304} South High Street. CHAPTER XLVI. CEMETERIES. So far as known, the earliest places of human sepulture on the site or in the vicinity or Columbus were those of the Indians. The ancient mound whose symmetrical cone rose on the space now lying between the Courthouse and St. Paul's Lutheran Church was undoubtedly used for such a purpose. During the excavation of this tumulus, as has been elsewhere narrated, many human bones were found which were evidently of much later origin than the mound itself'. It was the custom of the Indians to use the most striking of the ancient mounds as burial places, and it is not at all improbable that when clay was taken from the Columbus mounds for the manufacture of brick for the original Statehouse and Penitentiary, the ashes of many an Algonquin warrior were disturbed. Indian skeletons were unearthed by excavations on South High Street as late as 1875. Similar discoveries were made during the excavations for the levee on the west bank of the Scioto. An Indian buryingplace is said to have existed in the vicinity of Town or Rich streets, a short distance east of High. The first place of sepulture set apart by the early settlers at the Forks of the Scioto was situated in the vicinity of the Sullivant, afterwards Rickly, mill on the west bank of the Scioto, and was used by the villagers of Franklinton. A writer in the Sunday Herald of May 2, 1886, described it as a tract of about three acres, at that time very indifferently enclosed and in a distressing state of neglect. Cattle were roaming among the graves, many of the tombstones were broken or prostrated, and the inscriptions with which loving hands had undertaken to perpetuate the memory of friends were in many cases illegible. Of the tombs and epitaphs which attracted the attention of the Herald writer he gave the following account : Among the many early or interesting interments noticed was that of Major John Grate who died October 19, 1826, aged 57 years, and his wife Hannah, who died October 7, 1826, only twelve days before the death of her husband. . . . Then comes Jinks Wait, died February 22, 1824, aged 64 years. Next we come to one that is suggestive: Polly Sandusky, died 1825. As the name of Sandusky was strictly an Indian name who was she ? Can any one tell? Next south, and immediately joining, is Polly Perrin, born October 23, 1760 ; died October 18, 1833, aged 72 years, eleven months and 2 days. Then John Perrin (probably the husband of Polly) born March 19, 1762 ; died October 8, 1816. Here is a literal copy of the inscription on a tombstone: " In memory of William, son of Johnathan B. perrin and Amanda, his wife, was born Sept. 9, 1832, and died Sept. 10, 1833." Next comes " Elizabeth, wife of James O'harra, died March 7, 1844, aged 69 years, 10 months and 24 days." Near this is a stone erected in memory of Margaret Dearduff, second wife of David Dearduff, born October 4, 1785, died December 21, 1823. Then comes Lucy Wolcott, wife of Horace Wolcott, born in Sandsfield,  Massachusetts, September 11, 1770; died July 31, 46* [721] 722 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. 1831, aged 61 years. Not far from this lies Henrietta O'harra, wife of Arthur O'harra, died February 20, 1824, aged 36 years. The next one is somewhat suggestive and should remind us that neither youth, beauty or loveliness holds any special lease of life : " Louisa M., consort of J. E. Rudisell, died May 1, 1833, aged 19 years; " also their infant child died August 14, aged five months " Mother and child sleep together, awaiting a glorious resurrection." So says the inscription. We next come to a stone, " Erected in memory of Joseph Vance, died June 8, 1824, aged 49 years. "What is this world at best ? A passage to the tomb ; And every hour comes around, By sorrow or by woe, Some tie to unbind, By love entwined, To lay our conforts low." Also a son of Joseph and Cynthia Vance, born 1818; died 1824. We now come to the grave of James Gilmore, a native of Rockbridge County, Virginia, died October 10, 1817; aged 61 years. Then Mary Gilmore, wife of James Gilmore 2d, died June 17, 1818, aged 28 years. James Gilmore 2d is certainly odd, but it is on the stone. It probably means James Gilmore, Junior. The next stone bears a short inscription : ' Dr. John H. Lambert died Sept. 28, 1821, aged 34 years." In the midst of an almost impenetrable thicket of lilac bushes stand two tombs, those of James Crips; died 1843, and Edmund C., died 1849. Katherine Waisbacker died October 16, 1839. Two infant children lie by her side. The next that meets our eyes is a stone " In memory of Dr. Isaac Helmick, born May 31, 1778; died January 20, 1845," and by his side lies his wife Mary, born June 30, 1776; died December 27, 1837. The next is somewhat curious ; we give a literal copy as near as possibie: ` Died Sept. 25, 1841, MURTTILLA, wife of John M.„c e 0, m e n A. 24 years I ne 10 d's." " Jane, wife of Wm. Wigden, died December 2, 1846, in the 86th year of her age." " Hicrouhet in Gott Johann Michael Scheider, Gib. Mai 4, 1762; Starb June 11, 1845, in Inam Alter von 83 y 2 m 7 d." This is all we know about this one. Near by is the grave of Hon. John A. McDowell, born May 6, 1789; died October 1, 1825. Possibly an uncle of General Irvin McDowell, who was born in Franklinton in 1818. Near by is the grave of Andrew Reid McDowell, died April 15, 1828, aged 24 years, and possibly an older brother or cousin of the General. "Lewis Risley, born September 26, 1777 ; died October 8, 1833, aged 56 ys." Flat on the ground lies a slab with the name of Mrs. Sarah Forsyth, died May 29, 1818 aged 38 years. William Brown, born in Antrim County, Ireland, A. D. 1774, died September 27, 1830, is the next to attract our attention. A tall brown stone bears the following inscription, grammar, punctuations and all thrown in. " To memory of Wm. Robert Megowen, son of John Megowen and Sarah his wife who was born Decem. th 31 1785 and died Aprile th 22, 1813 aged 28 years 3 mon & 28 days." Also, " to the memory of Mrs. Martha Megowen wife of R. Megowen, daughter of Mr. Nathaniel Hamlin and his wife who was born May th 23, 1792 aged 21 years 10 mon & 27 days. The tall, the wise the Rev. head Must lie as low as Ours." Near by is the grave of Mrs. Elizabeth Goodale, wife of Major Nathan Goodale. She was born in Rutland, Massachusetts, April 1, 1743, and died January 24, 1809, aged 66 years. There is a hackberry tree fully two feet in diameter growing near the grave, and has grown partly around the stone in such a manner that it could not be removed without breaking it, or clipping the tree away. A tall, grey stone, in a good state of preservation, informs us that Francis Morehead died March 17, 1813 ; also three of his infant children who died respectively in 1808, 1812 and 1814. Other stones inform us that Rebecca, consort of N. W. Smith, died February 7, 1828 ; Henry Sly, June 13, 1842, aged 61 years ; also that Dr. Alden Gage was born in Fairfield, New York, in 1790 and died in 1821. The next stone we come to informs us that Jane Parks was the wife of Joseph Parks and a daughter of Colonel Robert Culbertson. She died in 1823, aged 60. By her side lies her sister, wife of Jacob Keller, Esq. She died May 17, 1817, aged 47 years. Adjoining is the grave of Rebeca Crivingston, a sister of Colonel Culbertson, who died May 11, 1811, aged 60 years By her side lies Kezia Brotherton, wife of Dan Brotherton and daughter of Colonel Culbertson. She also died in 1811. Next to her is Elizabeth, wife of Colonel Culbertson died aged 72 years (date obliterated). We could not find the Colonel's grave, though we presume it is in the family group. . . . Jane M. D'Lashmutt died in March, 1814. Dr. John Ball, a native of Connecticut, died May 10, 1818, aged 43 years. Ann, wife of Jacob Grub, died December, 1827, aged 56 years. CEMETERIES - 723 When the seat of government was located and the town of Columbus created by act of the General Assembly in 1812, a tract of ground for a cemetery was reserved and donated to the borough by James Johnston and John Kerr. This tract, afterwards known as the North Graveyard, was situated just west of High Street at the point where now stands the present North Markethouse. There seems to have been some negligence in its conveyance, for on May 8, 1820, a committee was appointed by the borough council to enquire what title the corporation had " by donation " to " a certain lot of ground " then " used as a burying ground," and to obtain "a proper deed for the same." John Kerr was at the same time appointed to "view and order a road to be opened from Columbus to the Grave Yard." The action taken pursuant to these proceedings is indicated by a record showing that on July 10, 1821, the County Recorder was allowed one dollar for recording a conveyance from John Kerr and wife for one and a quarter acres of land in the North Graveyard. On October 18, 1824, a regular sexton was appointed and on July 8, 1834, Robert McCoy was chosen " Superintendent of the Grave Yard by the council. In the Ohio Statesman of February 4, 1871, the different acquisitions of ground for this burial place were thus described : As far back as 1813 interments were made in the northwest portion known as the Kerr tract, hut it was not regularly deeded for burial purposes until 1821. Additions were made to the graveyard in various ways, and at various times, so that it now consists of three tracts of land, the first of which is an acre and onehalf in extent and lies in the northwest corner of the Graveyard. This was deeded to the borough of Columbus on the sixth of June, 1821, by John Kerr and wife, with a provision for reversion when the city shall cease to use the property as a burying ground, or if the mayor and council cease to exist as a corporate body. The second tract consists of about eight and one half acres immediately south and east of the Kerr burying ground, and was deeded to the city by Colonel William Doherty in fee simple to the city of Columbus, on the twentysixth of 1- February, 1830, reserving a commonsized burial lot for his family. The third tract consists of seventeen grave lots on ;he north side of the graveyard, conveyed by warranty deeds to the lotowners by John Brickell, five of which were reserved by Mr. Brickell for himself. In the cemetery grounds thus acquired and supervised most of the village interments were made throughout the borough period, but the growth of the city seems to have prompted the acquisition of an additional place of sepulture, for on February 11., 1841, the City Council appointed a committee to " complete the purchase of eleven and a quarter acres of ground on the north side of the Livingston road," and at the same time Messrs. Hibbs, Gilbert and Greenwood were appointed a committee to have the tract laid out in " small family grave lots." Tee price paid for this ground was one hundred dollars per acre. On July 10, 1841, the council made the significant order that colored people should " be buried under the direction of the north sexton and in the same manner that strangers are buried." By an ordinance of 1834 it was made the duty of the superintendent of the graveyard to " make sale of the unsold lots therein ; to muse the fence about the same to be kept in proper order ; to defray the expenses thereof out of the proceeds of the lots sold; to expend the balance of such proceeds in such manner as might be directed by the City Council, and to make a yearly report of his proceedings to that body. The price to be paid for the lots was fixed at five dollars each, w ith reservation of a section for free burials. Pursuant to these requirements the superintendent reported, on April 3, 1845, that he had sold all the lots, that the ground had been paid for • from the proceeds, that a good fence, with cedar posts, had been erected at the front and a rail fence :it the rear, that a good road had been made from the city to the ,middle gate, that the sum of one hundred dollars had been paid into the city treasury, and that a residue of $104.88 yet 724 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. remained on hand. On August 18, 1856, further interments in the North Graveyard were prohibited by ordinance. 1 On June 22, 1848, an anonymous writer published over the signature " A Citizen " a card in which he said : The time has arrived . . . for procuring from one to two hundred acres of land in the vicinity of this city for a burying ground. The " old buryingground," socalled, adjoining the town on the north, is pretty much filled up with the inhabitants of the dead. . . . The city is rapidly increasing, and in a few years it will grow entirely around the present seite. Moved by the considerations suggested by these statements, twenty or thirty prominent citizens issued a call for a public meeting to be held at the Council Chamber on July 12, 1848, for the purpose of organizing a cemetery association. 2 W. B. Hubbard was chairman at this meeting, and Alexander E. Glenn secretary. The following committee to report a plan of organization and select a site was appointed : A. F. Perry, Joseph Ridgway, Junior, William B. Thrall, John Walton, John Miller, William Kelsey, William B. Hubbard, Joseph Sullivant, Robert McCoy, and William A. Platt. Pursuant to an act which had been passed by the preceding General Assembly to provide for the incorporation of cemetery associations, a sufficient number of citizens to form such an association signed the necessary articles and on August 26, met at the Council Chamber and elected the following board of trustees : William B. Hubbard, president ; Joseph Sullivant, Aaron F. Perry, Thomas Sparrow, Alfred P. Stone, William B. Thrall and John W. Andrews; clerk, Alexander E. Glenn. This board at once advertised that, until September 16, it would receive proposals for a tract of land suitable for the cemetery, such tract to contain not less than fifty nor more than one hundred acres, to be situated not less than three fourths of a mile nor more than four miles from the existing city boundaries, to be secure from inundation, to have " a gravely, sandy or dry subsoil, to have an undulating surface, and to be covered to a considerable extent and wholly, if practicable, with trees and shrubbery." On January 25, 1849, announcement was made for the trustees by their president, Mr. Hubbard, that a tract such as had been sought for had been purchased of Judge Gershom M. Peters, at forty dollars per acre. In connection with this announcement the lands acquired were thus described : The grounds are from forty to fifty acres, situated less than two miles from the corporation limits of the city, of easy access by either of the two main roads crossing the Scioto River ; bounding, in part, upon the Harrisburg turnpike ; retired, in its locality, from the busy and bustling scenes of life, and wholly out of reach of the extending growth of our city and its connection with the numerous railroads destined to centre at our capital. At a public meeting held on April 16, 1849, resolutions were adopted recommending the purchase of additional contiguous ground, and General Stockton, A. C. Brown, John Greenleaf, W. T. Martin, James L. Bates and James Armstrong were appointed a committee to raise funds for that purpose. This movement resulted in the enlargement of the cemetery tract by an addition of fortyfour acres purchased at fifty dollars per acre, of William Miner. The Ohio Statesman of May 25, 1849, said On Wednesday, agreeably to notice, a large number of our citizens repaired to this very handsome spot [the cemetery tract] selected for the repository of the dead. It was one of the most delightful days of the season and as it was the first visit of the most part present to the place selected by the association, there was an interest in the occasion equal to the beauty of the day and the scenery. Gentlemen and ladies, age and youth, were on the ground helping to clear up the grounds in preparation for the dedication shortly to take place.