BIOGRAPHICAL CHAPTER LI. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. MITCHELL CAMPBELL LILLEY [Portrait opposite page 16.] Was born July 18, 1819, in Augusta County, Virginia, and is the son of John and Elizabeth (Doak) Lilley. Both the Lilleys and the Docks were of the colonial period. Members of the latter family were representatives in the House of Burgesses when the Virginia colony was under English dominion, and members of both the Lilley and the Doak families took an active part in the Revolutionary War Colonel Robert Doak, the grandfather, organized and drilled a company for the war, and gained the title of Colonel through subsequent service. Rev. Samuel Doak, the pioneer educator of Tennessee, was also of this family. John Lilley, the father of M. C. Lilley, is said- to have taken the first hogshead of tobacco from Augusta County, Virginia, across the mountains to the markets of Richmond. Mr. Lilley left Virginia at the age of ten, and traveled on horseback to Brown County, Ohio, to make his home with Judge and Mrs. Eleanor Doak Campbell, who cared for-the orphan boy as if he were their own son and whose home afforded him influences and opportunities of a rare character. Judge Campbell, on the accession of General Jackson to the Presidency, was nominated for the office of District Judge of the United States Court for the State of Ohio. His nomination being confirmed, the family removed in 1831 to Columbus, where, since that time, Mr. Lilley has resided. He was educated principally at the private schools of Columbus, and completed his education at the Capital University on South High Street. In 1835, at the age of sixteen, he started to learn the trade of bookbinding, in which line of business he has been interested more or less ever since. He is now (1890) serving his twentyfourth year as superintendent of the State Bindery, and is also senior member of the M. C. Lilley & Company manufacturing concern which was organized in 1865. When the Mexican War broke out he enlisted (May 10, 1847) and was made Captain of .Company E, Fourth Ohio Regiment. He was discharged with the company on July 18, 1848. In the Civil War of 1861-5 he went out early in command of a company of Home Guards which he led to a point on the Cincinnati & Marietta Railway, traveling from Columbus by stage. Nearly every member of that com- [803] 804 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. pany figured conspicuously in the conflict that followed. In 1861 he was given command of Company H, Fortysixth Ohio Infantry, but owing to ill health he was obliged to resign in January, 1863, at La Grange, after taking active part in the battle of Shiloh only. Mr. Lilley was married to Amanda C. Brooks near Paris, Illinois, on September 4, 1849. Out of their family of thirteen children, eight are living, namely, Eleanor C., now Mrs. Nutt; Thomas M.; Kate M., now Mrs. Haller; William A. ; Alexander S. ; M. C., Junior ; Harriet and Anna. Mrs. Lilley died on July 21, 1887,. at Columbus, Ohio. On January 24, 1889, he was married to Katherine E. McConnell, at Columbus. Mr. Lilley is affiliated with the Democratic party, but has never taken an active part in political affairs. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Uniform Rank, and the Grand Army Republic. He attends the Presbyterian Church being a member of the Broad Street Church of that denomination, and one of its board of trustees. MICHAEL ERNEST SCHROCK [Portrait opposite page 35.] Was born June 24, 1836, on his father's farm, one half mile south of Canal Winchester, in what was then a part of Fairfield County, Ohio, but has since been added to Franklin County. His father, John Schrock, was born in York County, Pennsylvania, in 1799, and died in Franklin County, Ohio, in 1882. His 'wither, Lida Ernest, was born in Pennsylvania in 1802 and died in Franklin County in 1874. In 1834 his parents moved from York to Franklin County, Ohio, where they engaged in farming. Their family consisted of seven children : Caroline, Henry, Louisa, Michael, William, Collan and Lydia, who with the exception of Caroline and Louisa are all still living. Mr. Schrock's education was limited. During his hoyhood school was only in session three months in the year, and was held in what was known as the Zimmer Schoolhouse, one mile from his home and half way between Canal Winchester and Lithopolis. He was deprived of the privilege of attending regularly during the limited session, as he, with his brothers, had the farm to clear and get ready for spring plowing. In the summer of 1855, he started to learn the trade of plasterer and was apprenticed for three years to H. L. Boos, of Miflin Township, who was at that time the best man in his trade in that section. He rapidly acquired a full knowledge of the business and in the second year of his apprenticeship had entire charge of the work. In 1857 he worked at his trade for himself and was successful to such an extent that the end of the year found him with a nice sum laid aside. It was then that he determined to go to California. On December 15, 1857, he started for New York and on the twentieth day of the same month boarded the steamer George Law. He reached Aspinwall December 30, and on the same day crossed the Isthmus of Panama by rail and took passage on the steamer Golden Gate for California. During his stay in California, most of his time was spent in Trinity County. He had very good success in mining and owned one of the richest claims in the county, but it was not fully developed until after his departure in September, 1862. The first news that he obtained of the late war was on his arrival in New York. On reaching his home he found that his brother, William, was in the regular military service and that there was no one to run the farm. He therefore settled down to a farmer's life until 1864, when he started to REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 805 cross the mountains to Montana; in which country he remained one year. Here he was again successful in mining, his field of operations being on Alder Creek, near Virginia City. In 1865 he returned to Franklin County, where he has since resided. In 1867 Mr. Schrock purchased his father's farm and on March 22, 1868, he married Mary J. Decker, daughter of E. B. Decker, a grain dealer in Canal Winchester. He has a family of five children : Cora L., Charles P., Sarah A., Claude E., and Elisha B. He remained on his farm until 1878, at which time he engaged in the agricultural implement trade in Canal Winchester. Being successful in this he in 1881 started a store in Columbus with John Huffman. In 1882, J. B. McDonald was taken into the firm, which was known as Schrock, Huffman & Company. In 1885, Mr. Huffman sold his interest to Messrs. Schrock and McDonald, and the firm became known as Schrock & McDonald. It was incorporated in 1889, under the name of The Schrock-McDonald Company. In March, 1892, it was reincorporated as the M. E. Schrock Company, with Mr. Schrock as president and manager, Mr. Schrock being the only original member that retained any interest in it. Politically Mr. Schrock is considered a Republican, but he votes for principle and not party. His first vote was for Lincoln for President. He is an ardent member of the Masonic fraternity, having joined Lithopolis Lodge, No. 169, F. & A. Min 1862. Some time in 1882 or 1883 he became a charter member of Potter Lodge, No. 540, F. & A. M., in Canal Winchester. In 1886 he became connected with the Sons of America, and soon after that took the degree from Master Mason to thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite. He also holds membership in Railroad Lodge, Knights of Pythias. WILLIAM MONTGOMERY SAVAGE [Portrait opposite page 481] Was the descendant of a sturdy race, his ancestors having come from the Isle of Jersey during the sixteenth century with Sir Walter Raleigh, locating in that portion of the country later known as the State of North Carolina. John York Savage, the father of the subject of our sketch, resided early in the present century at Liberty, North Carolina, where William M. Savage was born August 6, 1814, being the oldest of quite a family of children. When he was a lad of fourteen, the family removed to Raleigh, where, until arriving at the age of eighteen, he passed his time between the workshop of his father,— a skilled mechanic manufacturing watches, clocks and guns and the printing-office, until he secured work as a printer in Richmond, Virginia. At the age of nineteen he was united in marriage to Mrs. Mary S. Johns, a native of Helston, Cornwall, England. Soon after this event be returned to Raleigh, and engaged in the publication of newspaper. This not proving a profitable venture, and his father having removed to the City of New York, he joined him there, and together they worked at the trade of watchmaking._ After a year or more William M. Savage was stricken with that dread disease, the small-pox, the marks of which ho carried through life. Upon his recovery, hearing wonderful reports of the new western country, he concluded to seek his fortune towards the setting sun. When near Columbus his wife was taken ill.. During the delay occasioned thereby, he secured a position as watchmaker with Mr. William A. Platt, the leading jeweler of the place. At the expi- ration of eighteen months he embarked in business for himself, and erected a small, frame shop, which he had placed upon large rollers like wheels, so that, in ease of 806 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. fire, the building could be drawn into the street, those surrounding it being also of wood. In after years he would humorously speak of it as the only jeweler's store in Ohio on wheels. Of sober and industrious habits, Mr. Savage gained the respect of the community, and in a short time made fast friends, one among whom, Mr. James Wilson, who owned a dry goods store, finding that Mr. Savage had slender means, depending wholly upon his daily labor for the support of his then increasing family, generously volunteered a loan, and laid upon his counter an old stocking, the golden contents of which were the foundation of a flourishing business, a competency in later years, and a bond of friendship only severed by death. This came during an exciting period, the memorable " hard cider campaign " of 1840, and the money — between thirty and forty dollars — was invested in campaign badges and medals, which were soon disposed of, enabling the recipient of this unsolicited benefaction to repay his good friend and leave a small sum as a nucleus for future business. Referring to the first directory of Columbus, for the years 1843 and 1844, published by James R. Armstrong, whose friendship for Mr. Savage antedates this time, we find in an advertisement the modest announcement that " W. M. Savage, opposite Russell's Hotel, on High Street, keeps on hand a small but good selection of watches and jewelry." In 1846 he moved to the Ambos building, opposite the State offices on High Street, where he continued in business until 1856, when he erected a business building a few doors south, and occupied the same until the time of his death, which occurred on April 28, 1892, he having been in business in Columbus for fifty-two years, thirty-six years in the same room. During this time there were born to him six sons, four of whom, William, Edwin, James and Charles; survive him, John having died at the age of twenty-eight and Frank in infancy. On November 3, 1884, Mr. and Mrs. Savage celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their wedded life. Mr. Savage addressed letters to Richmond, Virginia, to the minister who officiated, and a number of the friends, whom he hoped might have been spared of those who were present at his marriage in 1834, extending them an invitation to be his guests from the time of leaving their doors until their return from the golden wedding; but they were either scattered or time had not dealt so kindly with them, as there was no response, although from different parts of the country, from friends of later years, came many letters and messages, freighted with kind wishes and congratulations. Mr. Savage was a deep student and of an earnest nature, for many years a member of Trinity Episcopal Church, officiating as vestryman, but in later years and up to the the time of his death, a firm believer in the doctrines of spiritualism. He found recreation in the study of astronomy, in which he delighted. The happy possessor of fine instruments, he erected a small observatory in the yard of his pleasant home, and spent many happy hours studying the wonders of the heavens and communing with nature. He was not averse to the amenities of society, and was always pleased to have his friends around him. He was a member of the order of Odd Fellows, having passed through all the chairs, being Past Grand of Columbus Lodge Number 9, and Past Patriarch of Capital Encampment Number 6, and a life member of the order of Free and Accepted Masons. We find by the records that he was the first one initiated into Magnolia Lodge, of Columbus, previous to receiving their charter, the Honorable Bela Latham presiding, working under a dispensation granted by Grand Master W. B. Thrall. The meetings were held at this time in the upper story of the Ambos building. After the second year, having passed through the different offices, he was elected Worshipful Master of the lodge, and on him alone was the distinguished honor conferred of occupying that office for six consecutive terms — the most protracted incumbency held by any member up to the present time. He was a natural leader, of sterling qualities and REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 807 the strictest integrity, one whom his friends respected and were pleased to honor, " a true man among men." Of commanding presence, rugged physique and a strong constitution that withstood the ravages of time, his tall and unbent form was a familiar figure to the older residents and business men of the city, carrying as he did, so well, a number of years beyond the allotted term of threescore and ten. During the fall of 1891, both Mr. and Mrs. Savage suffered from an attack of la grippe, from which they never fully recovered. On January twenty-third, 1892, by the death of his beloved helpmate, Mr. Savage sustained a shock from the effects of which, all his interest in life seemed to fade away; rapidly failing lie became an easy mark, and went down like ripened grain before the sickle of the fell destroyer. The same kind Providence that had permitted them to journey side by side for fifty-seven years, decreed but a short separation. Within three short months he was called to join, in the spirit-land, "the gentle wife who unto his youth was given." " Requiescat in pace." JAMES KILBOURNE JONES [Portrait opposite page 80.] Was born at Columbus, Ohio, on July 10, 1836. His father, Ichabod Gibson Jones, was born at Unity, Maine, and after receiving a common school education taught school while studying his profession, that of medicine. He early moved to Worthington, Ohio, where he married Cynthia Kilbourne, daughter of the late Colonel James Kilbourn, of that place. They Soon after removed to Columbus, where Doctor Jones became quite prominent in his profession and at one time was -a professor in the Cincinnati Medical College. James K., the subject of this sketch, attended the common schools of Columbus, was during two years at a military school in Springfield, Ohio. He finally graduated from Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio, in June, 1858. He then read law for two years and a half with Mr. John W. Andrews and Henry C. Noble. Before finishing his law studies the War for the Union broke out. Mr. Jones immediately went into the service and the records show that he was the first enlisted man in the State of Ohio after the official call for troops. In April, 1861, he entered the army as a private in the State Fencibles, which company was assigned to the Second Ohio Infantry, and with them took part in the first battle of Bull _Run. Shortly after enlisting he received a commission as Second Lieutenant in the same company, and was soon promoted to First Lieutenant. He was also commissioned as Captain in the Second Ohio Infantry, but not mustered. Upon returning from the first threemonths service he was commissioned as a Lieutenant for three years in the Twentyfourth Ohio Infantry. After serving with that company until some time in 1862 he was obliged to resign on account of a sunstroke which completely disabled him for farther service. In the fall of 1862, thinking he might be able to serve, he went with the Fortythird Ohio Infantry as a volunteer, but soon found that he was wholly unfitted for the hardships of campaigning, and after staying with that regiment until the beginning of 1863 he came home with his health completely shattered. He was in five battles during the war, and had the honor of being one of General Ammen's Brigade which came upon the field of Shiloh towards the close of the first day's fight. When Mr. Jones left the army he was unable, on account of his poor health, to resume his law studies and so went into the hardware business with his uncle, Lincoln Kilbourne, and his cousin, Owen L. Jones, and is still in the same busi- 808 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. ness with Owen L. Jones, the style of the firm being Kilbourne, Jones & Company. He was married on April 22, 1889, to Annette, daughter of Doctor R M. Denig, of Columbus. He has always been a member of the Republican party, but has never held a political office, or sought one. He served five years in the Volunteer Fire Department of Columbus, from 1853 to 1858, and from 1856 to 1861 as a member of the State Fencibles in the State Militia. He is now a member of the following societies: The Greek Letter College Fraternity of the Theta Delta Chi ; the State Fencibles Association of Columbus; the Lincoln League; the Columbus Club ; the Grand Army of the Republic ; the Loyal Legion ; Society of the Army of the Potomac, and of the Army of the Cumberland, WAGER SWAYNE [Portrait opposite page 96.] Was born in Columbus, Ohio, November 10, 1834. The founder of the Swayne family in America was Francis Swayne, an English physician who sailed from East Hempstead, in Berkshire, England, in 1710, settling in East Marlborough, Chester County, Pennsylvania. Descended from him was Judge Noah H. Swayne, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court from 1861 to 1881, and father of General Swayne. The latter's mother was Sarah Ann Wager, a Virginia lady who celebrated her marriage to Judge Swayne by freeing her slaves, and throughout her after-life in Ohio was a consistent friend of the blacks, imparting her principles to her son. Wager Swayne was educated at Yale College, graduating in 1856. Among his classmates was an unusual number of students who afterwards became distinguished, including Honorable Chauncey M. Depew, United States Supreme Court Judges Brown and Brewer, Judge McGruder, of the Illinois Supreme Court; J. H. Hallock, publisher of Christian at Work, and others. After his course at Yale young Swayne entered the Cincinnati Law School, from which he graduated in 1859. He formed a law partnership with his father and practised two years until the war of the, rebellion broke out. Notwithstanding that both his father and mother were Virginians by birth, their sympathies and his were with the cause of Lincoln. He offered his services to the Government, and in July, 1861, was appointed Major of the Fortythird Ohio Volunteers. He was first stationed at Camp Chase, near Columbus, then took part in the Missouri campaign under Pope in 1861-2. He assisted in the capture of New Madrid and Island Number Ten and was engaged in the battles of Corinth and luka. During the Corinth engagement the Colonel of the Forty-third Ohio was killed, the command devolving upon Major Swayne, who was subsequently commissioned as Colonel. He continued with his regiment until the fall of 1863 in Tennessee, Mississippi and Alabama, and accompanied Sherman on his March to the Sea. During this campaign Colonel Swayne lost his right leg by the explosion of a shell, in an affair at the crossing of the Salkahatchie River, South Carolina, and " for gallant and distinguished services" in that action was commissioned Brevet Brigadier-General, and later promoted to the rank of Brigadier-General. General Swayne was invalided until June, 1865, when at the request of General 0. 0. Howard, Chief of the Freedmen's Bureau, he was detailed by the War Department to duty in Alabama as Assistant Commissioner of the Bureau in that State. During the next three years the history of the Freedmen's Bureau in Alabama and the history of General Swayne's life are almost coincident. He instituted various enterprises for the education of the blacks and to provide them with sustenance and the opportunities to become self-supporting.. Through Secretary Stan- REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 809 ton he secured from President Johnson an order devoting certain confiscated materials to the education of the freedmen; and subsequently, through Vice President Henry Wilson an Act of Congress devoting to the same cause such Mal property as had been purchased from individuals by the rebel government, and so by the rules of international law became the property of the United States. With the first of these funds, an extensive system of temporary schools was established, the first educational privilege the colored people of that State ever had enjoyed. These were maintained until succeeded by a State Common School System. The second was applied to the establishment at Talladega, Mobile, Montgomery and elsewhere of educational institutions which were intended to be permanent. Most of them are still valuable agencies of progress, notably at Talladega and Montgomery, being in charge of permanent religious or educational organizations. But his policy was radically different from that which President Johnson eventually adopted, and accordingly General Swayne was recalled from Alabama in 1868. The command of the United States forces in Alabama had meantime, soon after he came into the State, been added to his duties, and to facilitate this he was made a Major-General of Volunteers. In 1866 Congress had increased the regular army of the United States by the creation of four regiments of infantry known as " The Veteran Reserve Corps," composed of disabled volunteer soldiers. Generals Daniel E. Sickles, John C. Robinson, Thomas C. Pitcher and Wager Swayne were respectively appointed to the command of these regiments. In December, 1868, General Swayne was married to Ellen Harris, daughter of a prominent lawyer of Louisville, Kentucky. About this time he was assigned to duty in the War Department at Washington, but in 1880 was, at his own request, placed on the retired list of the army, and resumed the practice of law, locating himself at Toledo, Ohio. Almost immediately he took rank among the foremost lawyers of Ohio. He fought through the lower courts, and finally through the Supreme Court of the United States, the constitutionality of a State law, which was designed to tax national banks out of existence, and secured a final decision in the negative. General Swayne soon had among his. clients such concerns as the American Union Telegraph Company and the Wabash Railroad Company, and in 1879 the growth of his railroad and telegraph business made it necessary for him to remove to New York City, where his clients were. In May, 1881, he entered into partnership with Judge John F. Dillon, and the firm soon became general counsel for the Western Union Telegraph Company, the Missouri Pacific Railway Company, and other great commercial and railway interests. General. Swayne is a member of the Executive Committee of the American Tract Society, and also of the Board of Domestic and Foreign Missions of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He was the second president of the Ohio Society of New York and is Commander of the New York Commandery of the Loyal Legion. HENRY M. NEIL [Portrait opposite page 112] Was born in Columbus, Ohio, August 4, 1832. He is the youngest son of William and Hannah Neil, who settled in Columbus in the year 1818. His early years were spent at home until the age of seventeen when he was sent to school in Massachusetts. He was at Phillips Academy in Andover for one year and two years at Concord, Massachusetts, preparing for Harvard, where he was admitted in 1852. After graduating from Harvard, he returned to Columbus, where lie spent his time, in assisting his father in various ways in connection with his large busi- 810 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. ness operations; among other things driving cattle across the mountains to the eastern markets, which at that time consumed about sixty days in transit. In the year 1858 he opened a drug store on the northwest corner of High and Gay streets. In February, 1861, he sold his drug business and held himself in readiness to obey his country's call to arms. On April 15, 1861, he enlisted in the army in response to President Lincoln's first call for troops. After recruiting two companies in as many days, he was assigned to the staff of Governor Dennison as mustering officer. He spent the summer and fall of 1861 on that duty. On January 7, 1862, he was commissioned First Lieutenant in the Eleventh Ohio Battery, Light Artillery, which was attached to General John Pope's Army of the Mississippi. He joined the battery at Otterville, Missouri, on January tenth, 1862, and took part in the siege and capture of New Madrid, Missouri, on March 14. He was also present at the capture of Island Number 10 on March 16, and at the siege of Fort Pillow from April 12 to 17. He was with the left wing of General Halleck's army during the advance on and siege and capture of Corinth, Mississippi, from April 30 to May 30. He participated in the battle of Iuka, Mississippi, on September 19, 1862, and the battle of Corinth, Mississippi, on October 3 and 4, 1862. On October 27 he was sent home by General W. S. Rosecrans on account of wounds received at Iuka and Corinth. On March 8, 1863, he was detached from the Eleventh Ohio Battery and assigned by order of General U. S. Grant to the command of Battery F, Second United States Light Artillery. By a special order of Secretary of War Stanton he was again detached and assigned to the duty of raising the Twenty-second Ohio Battery, Light Artillery, and on April 28, 1863, he was commissioned Captain of this battery and was assigned to General J. D. Cox's command, District of the Ohio. He took part in the expedition against General Imboden in West Virginia from April 28 to May 16, 1863, and against General Morgan during his famous raid in Ohio from July 1 to 26. On August 12 he was ordered to Camp Nelson, Kentucky, and was assigned to the Artillery Brigade of the Twenty-third Army Corps, Army of the Ohio. He participated in the siege and capture of Cumberland Gap, which lasted from September 1 to 9. After this event lie was assigned to the command of all the artillery at the Gap by order of General Burnside. He remained at the Gap until January 9, 1864, when he was sent home to recruit. He resigned from the army on February 13, 1864, on account of disability arising from wounds and exposure. Mr. Neil has always been active in connection with any, matters relating to soldier affairs and soldier organizations. He is a member of the Loyal Legion, of the Societies of the Army of Tennessee, of the Army of the Cumberland, of the Ex-Army and Navy Officers of Cincinnati, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Ex-Soldiers' and Sailors' Association of Franklin County and the Union Veteran Legion. Since the close of the war he has been engaged in farming and managing his general business affairs. JAMES KILBOURNE [Portrait opposite page 128.] Was born in Columbus October 9, 1842. His parents were Lincoln and Jane E. Kilbourne. He attended the public schools and graduated from the Highschool in 1857. He received the degrees of Bachelor and Master of Arts from Kenyon College, from which institution he graduated in 1862. The day after he passed his last examination at college he entered the army as a private soldier in Company H, Eighty-fourth Ohio Infantry, declining a commission offered him by the REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 811 Governor on the ground that those who had served as enlisted men under the first call were entitled to the offices. He served in Maryland an West Virginia with the Eighty-fourth Regiment until August, when he was discharged to accept a commission in the Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteers, commanded by Colonel W. L. McMillen. He was commissioned Second Lieutenant on August 25, 1862, First Lieutenant on December 5, 1862, and Captain on January 5, 1863. He served under General Sherman with his regiment, which was in the First Brigade, Third Division, Fifteenth Corps, at the battle of Jackson, and during the siege of Vicksburg. After the fa I of Vicksburg he acted on the staff of General J. M. Tuttle, commanding the Third Division, Fifteenth Corps, was present at the second capture of Jackson and took part in the several engagements of that campaign.. He remained on staff service until June, 1864, being at La Grange, Tennessee, during the wi ter of 1863, and at Natchez, Mississippi, during the spring of 1864. He returne to his regiment in June, 1864, commanded his company at the battle of Tupel , Mississippi, in July, 1864, and was specially complimented in orders for gallantry in that engagement. He also commanded his company during the pursuit of Price through Arkansas and Missouri in the fall and winter of 1864. He afterwards served on the staff of General John McArthur of the First Division, Sixteenth Army Corps, until mustered out of service at the expiration of his enlistment. While with General McArthur, he was present at the capture of Spanish Fort and other engagements during the siege of Mobile. He was brevetted Major, Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of the United States Volunteers. After the close of the war Colonel Kilbourne entered the Harvard Law School, from which he graduated in 1868 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and in the same year he was admitted to practice as an attorney and counselor-at-law. His health being much broken by his service in the army and his physician advising some active occupation, he did not undertake to practise his -profession, but entered the firm of Kilbourne, Kuhns & Co., hardware merchants. After a few years he founded the Kilbourne & Jacobs Manufacturing Company, the management of which has since occupied the greater part of his time and attention, the business of the company rapidly attaining large dimensions and extending to all parts of the world. In addition to being President and General Manager of this company since its organization, Colonel Kilbourne has been interested in many other enterprises of a public- and private nature. He was a director of the Columbus Board of Trade from 1887 to 1891, and has repeatedly been offered the Presidency of that body. He has been a director of the Columbus Club from the time of its foundation to the present time, and has three times been elected its President, which office he now holds. He is also a director of the Fourth National and the Clinton National banks; the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railway Company, the Columbus & Cincinnati Midland Railroad Company, of many private business corporations and of various political and social organizations. He is also president of the Board of Trustees of the Public Library and of the Children's Hospital. Colonel Kilbourne has always been a devoted student of political economy, and while declining to accept any political preferment, he has taken an active interest in public affairs, being frequently called upon to make addresses upon various subjects. in politics he is an ardent Democrat. Of decided literary tastes, he has one of the best private libraries in the city, and his .house is also the home of the Magazine Club, which is composed of thirty gentlemen who, for seven years, have met there the first Thursday of each month for the discussion of literary and economic questions. Colonel Kilbourne attends the Protestant Episcopal church and is a vestryman of St. Paul's. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee and of the Loyal Legion. 812 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. On October 5, 1869, he was married to Anna B. Wright, eldest daughter of General George B. Wright. They have four children : Russell, George B., Lincoln and Alice. GEORGE D. FREEMAN [Portrait opposite page 192] Was born at Ovid, Franklin County, Ohio, on August 11, 1842. His father, Usual W. Freeman, together with his mother, Margaret (Cristy) Freeman, moved from New Jersey to Ohio in 1833. His father served with distinction in the New York militia in the war of 1812. He was also assistant engineer for the City of New York, in which capacity he took an active part in platting the great metropolis, north of Canal Street. Young Freeman took full advantage of the limited educational opportunities afforded by the common schools of his early days, and at a later period he attended night school. At the age of six, death bereft him of his father and in his eleventh year he became the only support of his mother. He entered the studio of the late D. D. Winchester, then the leading artist of Columbus, but he left the employ of this gentleman to become a page in the Ohio House of Representatives at the last session held in Odeon Hall and the first in the present Capitol building. He received his appointment from Nelson H. VanVorhes, Speaker of the first Republican legislature of Ohio. From here he entered the dry goods house of Headly & Eberly, with whom he remained until 1866, when he was admitted as a junior partner. Later years found him the senior partner of Freeman, Staley & Morton, who were the successors of Headly & Co. In 1878 he withdrew from the dry-goods trade and entered the furniture business as a member of the firm of Halm, Bellows & Butler, who were succeeded by Freeman, Halm & McAllister. He withdrew from this enterprise to establish The George D. Freeman Mantel Company, in the manufacture of mantels and interior furnishings, a business in which he is still engaged. In 1878, on the organization of the State militia into the Ohio National Guard, Mr. Freeman, at the urgent request of the regiment, assumed command and became colonel of the now famous Fourteenth Ohio National Guard, in which capacity he served the State for thirteen years. The period of his command was marked with many trying ordeals where bravery, a cool head and good judgment were the prerequisites of the commanding officer. The famous Cincinnati riots were among these occasions, and it was here that Colonel Freeman's abilities as a commander asserted themselves in reducing to peace and order the turbulent mob that surged through the streets of Cincinnati. In 1890 he was compelled by the press of business to resign his post. Colonel Freeman served for some years on the County Board of Agriculture, and took a prominent part in securing to the city the beautiful spot known as Franklin Park. This was not political service, nor has he ever held any political office, although frequently pressed to become the nominee of his party, when nomination was equivalent to election. He was married on October 31, 1865, to Julia A. Diemer, whose parents were pioneers in the settlement of Central Ohio. They have three sons and one daughter : Harry D., Stanton S., George D. and Julia E. Freeman. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 813 ALEXANDER GILCHRIST PATTON [Portrait opposite page 208] Was born at Indiana Stream, New Hampshire, on March 8, 1836, and is the son of William and Mary (Johnson) Patton. His mother's family were prominent participants in the Revolutionary War, espousing the side of England. His father was born at Dumfries, Scotland, and came to this country in 1813. He located in Vermont, where he was married, and shortly after he moved to New Hampshire to live. He took an active part in the Patriot War of 1837, and his family who lived near the border line were driven from their home as refugees, fleeing to Lockport, New York, where he found them after his discharge from the army. When but seven years old, he was sent to work in the printing office of the Lockport Courier, where he worked for a number of years. His education, which is of a practical character, was acquired from general observation -and contact with the world, he having spent but one term in school. At the age of seventeen he went to Troy, New York, and entered the carriage establishment of Lown & Horton as an apprentice, in which capacity he served at the trade of carriage trimming for four and onehalf years. He continued in .the employ of this company until 1858, moving from there to Schenectady, New York, where he engaged in the carriage business for himself and remained until the breaking out of the late war. He enlisted as a private in 1861, and served with much credit in all ranks from Sergeant to Lieutenant-Colonel. He continued in active service until July, 1865, when he was mustered out at Richmond, Virginia. Immediately after the close of the war Colonel Patton became interested in the manufacture of hollowware at Troy,. New York, where he employed at first but thirteen men. He continued in this business at Troy until 1874, when be moved to Columbus and established the immense concern now known as The Patton Manufacturing Company, and in 1886 he formed a branch concern at. Jeffersonville, Indiana, under the same name. He is proprietor of both institutions, which are the largest manufactories of hollowware in the world. Colonel Patton is a Republican in, politics, but on account of his large business interests, he has never taken an active part in political affairs. He is a member of the Loyal Legion of the United States, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Odd Fellows, and all. Masonic bodies up to and including the 33d degree. He also belongs to the Legion of Honor, the Lincoln League and the Board of Trade. Besides being proprietor of the Patton _Manufacturing Company, he is also interested in the Electric Light & Power Company, the Natural" Gas and Fuel Company, the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, and the Tracy-Wells Company. He acts as trustee for the Old Ladies' Home and also for the Humane Society, and is prominently interested in local church extension. He is one of the incorporators of the proposed new Protestant Hospital under the auspices and direction of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is an active member of the Broad Street Methodist Church. He was married in October, 1859, to Mary E. Way. Mrs. Patton died December 4, 1889. They had two children : Ida Patton-Tracy and Allen V. R. Patton. The latter is associated with his father in business as the manager of the Patton Manufacturing Company. 814 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. GEORGE H. MAETZEL [Portrait opposite page 224.] The oldest son of George and Eleanor (Knothe) Maetzel, was born at Zittau, Saxony, July 31, 1837. His early life was spent in a hotel of which his father was the landlord. He was educated in the schools of his native city, and at the age of eighteen went to Dresden where he served in the army the required time. At the completion of his military services, he remained in Dresden to further pursue his study of mechanical engineering. In 1863 he sailed for America and after landing in New York proceeded directly to Providence, Rhode Island, where he remained but a short time. Although on American soil but a few months, he enlisted in the army at Albany, New York, under General Sigel, but as it was near the close of the war, he was not called upon for active service. He next went to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where he found work as a machinist in the Pan Handle Locomotive Shops. In 1869 he removed to Dennison, Ohio, where he was employed by the same company as a draughtsman. He was at Dennison but a few months, when he was advanced to the main offices of the Pan Handle Road at Columbus, still working in the capacity of draughtsman. In 1871 he severed his connection with the railway company and opened an engineer's and architect's office at the corner of Town and Front streets. One of his first buildings was the blast furnace ; then followed a brewery and some smaller buildings. Several years later he made the plans for the City Prison, County Infirmary, and Hoster's and Schlee's breweries ; then followed the courthouses at Sidney, and Lima, Ohio, and the courthouses and jails at Columbus and London, Ohio. He also furnished the plans for the Columbus Watch Company's building, for the east pumping station of the city waterworks and for many private buildings. Mr. Maetzel was the inventor of many improvements in regard to locking devices for jails, the most recent one being that used in Franklin County jail. In 1865, while at Pittsburgh, he was married to Lillie Andriesen, who bore him four children : Henry, Clara, Richard and Paul. Mr. Maetzel died on May 25, 1891, at his home in Columbus, after an illness of only a few hours. The direct cause of his death was congestion of the lungs induced by a severe cold, contracted on a business trip to the East. DAVID SIMPSON GRAY [Portrait opposite page 240.] Was born February 8, 1829, in the village of' Broad•Kiln-Neck in Sussex County, Delaware, and is the son of David and Naomi (Lofland) Gray. He is of English descent, both on his father's and mother's side, his ancestors having come to this country at a very early date. His great grandparents on his father's side passed their early life in New Jersey, but subsequently moved to Delaware, where they permanently located, where those on his mother's side were also located, and where his father and mother were born, raised and lived until the year 1829 when they moved to Ohio. David attended the district schools of the villages in Ohio where his parents resided from time to time until the eleventh year of his age. About this time his father, who was a Methodist clergyman, was called to Norwalk, Ohio, and REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 815 David was given an opportunity to attend for a year or more the Norwalk Academy, which was then under the control of Doctor Edward Thomson, afterwards Bishop Thomson, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In the main, however, Mr. Gray is a self educated man, for he was obliged to go to work at the early age of thirteen. He was variously employed, and finally located at Wellington in 1849 where he was employed the greater part of two years as a clerk in a drugstore. About this time the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railway, now called the Big Four, was being constructed through that part of the country and young Gray formed an acquaintance with the station agent at Wellington. He manifested much interest in the workings of the office and was soon master of all its details and duties. In the fall of 1850, his friend was transferred to another point, and the position of station agent was offered to young Gray. At the end of .a year, in the fall of 1851, he was transferred to Columbus. In September, 1852, he was offered the position of Master of Transportation of the Louisville & Frankfort Railroad in Kentucky. He held this position until February, 1853, when he returned to Columbus. Immediately on his return he was appointed station agent, and general representative, at Columbus, of the Central Ohio Railroad, which was then under construction and being operated between Columbus and Zanesville. The road is now known as the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. In the fall of 1853 he was appointed Master of Transportation and his duties embraced those of general freight and passenger agents. He also acted as the general freight agent and commercial representative of the road until January, 1864, when he became the general superintendent of the Union Railroad Transportation Company, now the Star Union Line. In February, 1869, he was elected Second Vice President and General Manager of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad Company. In the spring of 1870 he resigned as General Manager but, retained his position as Second Vice President, in charge of the commercial relations of the company. On the organization of the Pennsylvania Company in 1872, and the removal of the headquarters of the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railway Company offices to Pittsburgh he resigned the office of Second Vice President and resumed his former relations with the Star Union Line as Western Manager, and had charge of the through freight line traffic of the, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis and the Pennsylvania Company west of Pittsburgh. On the death of George Edwards, Eastern manager of the line, Mr. Gray was appointed Manager of the Union Line, both east and west of Pittsburgh, which position he now holds. He is also general agent of the Pennsylvania Company, charged with special duties in the general service. On the formation of the Central Traffic Association, he was offered the position of Commissioner at a salary of $18,000, but declined as he did not wish to change his residence to Chicago. Mr. Gray is beyond doubt one of the best informed men in the West on the commercial relations of the large railway lines in this section of the country. For many years he has been a prominent factor in the formation of the pooling arrangements of the different railway systems of the country, and has had much to do with the controlling and shaping of their policy on this subject. At the present time Mr. Gray is President of the Clinton National Bank and of the Columbus. Shawnee & Hocking Railway Company. On December 27, 1858, he was married at Belleville, Ohio, by his father, to Mary Louise Jackson. Twin children were born to them on February 29, 1860, but died at a tender age. His wife also died four days after their birth. On October 12, 1865, he was married by his father. to Eugenia Doolittle, at Columbus, Ohio. They had four children, namely : Miss Louise, David R, Meldrum and Eugene. 816 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. VALENTINE LOEWER [Portrait opposite page 272] Was born in Columbus, Ohio, on June 1, 1853, and is the son of Henry and Katherine (Heckmann) Loewer. His father came to America from Hessen, Germany, in June, 1849, and to Columbus in July of the same year, being then twenty years old. He followed his trade of wood turner until 1886, when he took the position of head salesman in the retail department of the Columbus Cabinet Company, of which corporation he is a charter member. He is one of the four living charter members of this company, which was incorporated in February, 1862, and he has acted as its President continuously since the year of its creation. Although sixty-three years of age, he is as well preserved mentally and physically as a man of much younger years. He is a past Grand of the I. 0. 0. F. and a member of the Humboldt Verein. His wife, Catherine, was born in Bavaria, Germany, and emigrated to America in 1835 or 1836 with her parents, Valentine and Dorthea Heckmann, when but two years of age. She was married to Henry Loewer on June 1, 1851. Their family consisted of four children, two of whom are alive : Mrs. Amelia Grunewald and Valentine. Mrs. Loewer died at the early age of twenty- eight. Valentine Loewer, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the public schools of Columbus. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to learn the upholstering trade, which occupation he followed until January, 1876. With three hundred dollars which he had saved from his earnings, he began the manufacture of mattresses for the trade at 124 East Main Street, but through the failure of three of his customers, he lost more than half of his capital the first year. His second year, however, he was more successful. By advertising quite extensively, he found a profitable market for mattresses in the retail trade, and concluded to enlarge his business by adding to it the retail furniture business. His landlord, Mr. I. S. Beekey, erected a building on the corner of Main and Lazelle streets, one room of which Mr. Loewer occupied in the fall of 1878. In two years his business compelled him to take the second floor, and the, third floor the year following. In 1885 he again found himself crowded for room and Mr. Beekey built a three story addition for him on the rear. In 1886, the latter gentleman erected a building adjoining on the east, of which Mr. Loewer occupies three floors. Finally, in 1889, he was forced by the increase of his business to take the three floors of the west half of the building, and he now carries one of the largest stocks of furniture, carpets and curtains in the city. Mr. Loewer is a Republican, but has been too busily engaged in business pursuits to take an active part in political affairs. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Fraternal Mystic Circle. He was married on December 15, 1881, to Elizabeth F. Mosley, of Haverhill, Massachusetts. They have one daughter, Maybelle Elizabeth, aged two years. DIETRICH GRUEN [Portrait opposite page 288.] Was born in Osthofen, near Worms on the Rhine, Germany, and is the son of George and Susanna (Weigand) Grun. Most all of his relatives and connections in the old country were tradesmen and artisans by occupation, and Mr. Gran has REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 817 followed in their footsteps. He attended the public schools and was also for two years in a private school. At the age of fifteen, he was sent to Eichstetten, a small town in Baden, to learn the watchmaking trade, and later to Carlsruhe, Wiesbaden and Lode. In the year 1866 he emigrated to this country, landing in New York City on August 1 of that year. He applied himself exclusively to the watchmaking business and worked at his trade in St. Louis, Missouri, Cincinnati, and Delaware, Ohio. In 1877 he located in Columbus, where he has since resided, and is now President of the Columbus Watch Company. On May 6, 1869, he was married to Pauline Wittlinger. They have a family of five children : Frederick Gustave, Florie Sophie, George John, Frank William and Charles Henry. JAMES G. PULLING, [Portrait opposite page 804] The son of Joseph and Margaret (Glaze) Pulling, was born on October 8, 1838, in Bosberry Parish, Herefordshire, England. His parents sailed on August 5, 1841, from England, landed at Quebec on September 29, and proceeded thence by way of the Lakes to Chicago, Illinois, where they arrived on November 5, which was about the usual time for making a journey of that length, allowing for stoppages. The first recollection of James G. is that of getting out of a big covered wagon on a prairie where land and sky apparently equaled each other in extent. His parents removed from Illinois by way of the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati, from which place they proceeded to Portsmouth and thence by canal to Columbus, where they arrived in the winter of 1844. Mr. Pulling attended the common and High schools of Columbus and also a business college. He received his first employment in 1854 as a clerk in a grocery store. He next studied law for two or three years, and finally engaged in the banking business in which he continued for sixteen years. In 1869 he went into the manufacturing business, and he is now sole proprietor of the Columbus Steam Pump Works, located at the corner of Scioto and West Broad streets, where he manufactures steam pumping machinery which is sold in all parts of the United States and occasionally in foreign countries. In politics, Mr. Pulling has been a Republican since the formation of that party. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Columbus Board of Trade. Since 1848 he has resided continuously at the same place on Oak Street, but is just now moving to his new residence, corner of Ohio and Madison avenues. He was married on March 27, 1877, to Emma Love Meek and they have three children surviving : Margaret Glaze, James Meek and Robin. His father still survives at the age of 86. WILLIAM McKINLEY, JUNIOR, [Portrait page 384] Was born at Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio, on January 29, 1843. his father was an iron manufacturer, and is still living, his age being 85 ; his mother is also living, her age being 83, Young McKinley was educated at the public schools and at the Poland (Mahoning County) Academy. In June, 1861, he enlisted in the Twentythird Ohio Infantry as a private. On September 24, 1862, he was pro- 52* 818 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. moted to Second Lieutenant ; on February 7, 1862, First Lieutenant ; on July 25, 1864, to Captain, and was brevetted Major by President Lincoln for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Opequan, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek. He served on the staff of Ex-President Hayes and Major-General George Crook, and after Crook's capture he served for a time on the staff of Major-General Hancock, and subsequently on the staff of General S. S. Carroll. He was with the Twenty-third in all its battles, and was mustered out with it on July- 26, 1865. At the close of the war he returned to Ohio. He had a liking for the military profession, and it was said that but for the advice of his father, he would at the solicitation of General Carroll have attached himself to the regular army. He studied law with the Hon. Charles E. Glidden and David Wilson of Mahoning County, and then attended the law school at Albany, New York. In 1867 he was admitted to the bar, and in May of the same year he located in Canton, Stark County, where he soon formed a partnership with Judge Belden. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Stark County in 1869. On January 25, 1871, he was married to Miss Ida Saxton, daughter of James A. Saxton, a prominent citizen of Canton. He was elected to Congress in 1876, and was continuously in Congress until March, 1891, except part of his fourth term, he being unseated by a Democratic House late in the first session, his seat being given to Mr. Wallace, his competitor. McKinley has been three times "gerrymandered." In 1878 he was placed in a district consisting of the counties of Stark, Wayne, Ashland and Portage, which was Democratic by 1,800 ; but McKinley carried it by 1,300. In 4884 he was placed in a district consisting of Stark, Summit, Medina and Wayne, and was elected by over 2,000. Under the infamous Price " gerrymander of 1890, his district was made up of Stark, Wayne, Medina and Holmes, which had given Governor Campbell, the year before, 2,900 majority, but on the fullest vote ever polled in the district, Mr. McKinley reduced this majority to 303. Mr. McKinley received 2,500 more votes in the district than had been received by Harrison for President in 1888 in the same district. While in Congress Mr. McKinley served on the Committee of the Revision of Laws, the Judiciary Committee, the Committee of Expenditures, of the Post Office Department, and the Committee on Rules; and when General Garfield was nominated for the Presidency, Mr. McKinley was assigned to the Committee on Ways and Means in his place, and he continued to serve on the last named committee until the end of his Congressional career, being chairman of that committee during the last Congress, and was the author Of the famous tariff law which bears his name. For a number of years Mr. McKinley has been the recognized champion of the cardinal Republican principle of protection. He was delegate-at-large to the National Convention of 1884 and supported Mr. Blaine for the Presidency. He was also delegate-at-large to the National Convention of 1888, when he supported Mr. Sherman. At the latter convention his name was sprung for the Presidential nomination, but in a speech which was characteristic of the man he forbade the use of his name for the reason that he had pledged his loyalty to Sherman. He was Chairman of the Committee on Resolutions at both conventions. On June 7, 1891, Major McKinley was unanimously nominated by the Ohio Republicans for Governor; and after one 9j the most hotly contested campaigns in the history of the State, he was elected by a plurality of 21,511. At the Ohio Republican State Convention, 1892, Governor McKinley was elected one of the delegates-at-large to the Republican National Convention at Minneapolis ; he was made Chairman of the Ohio Delegation, and Permanent Chairman of the Convention.—Cincinnati Commercial Gazette. REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 819 THOMAS E. POWELL [Portrait opposite page 400.] Was born on February 20, 1842, at Delaware, Ohio. His father, Judge Thomas W. Powell, was for years one of the leading lawyers of Ohio. He was noted not only for his ability, but for his integrity and public spirit. He was a most patient student and found time in his profession to give attention to enriching its literature. He was the author of "Analysis of American Law" and "Appellate Proceedings," each of which has talon high rank with the profession. At the age of eighty-four he published his "History of the Ancient Britons," a work exhibiting wonderful research and accurate compilation. Thomas E. Powell received his classical training at Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he graduated in June, 1863. His college course was interrupted by his enlisting in the army in 1862 and serving four months in Maryland and West Virginia. He reenlisted in 1864 in the hundred-day service and went with his regiment to the fortifications in front of Washington. On his return from the war, he commenced the study of law with his father, and in the summer of 1865 was admitted to the bar. William P. Reid, then the leading trial lawyer of Central Ohio, being favorably impressed with young Powell, suggested that he become a member of a firm of which Colonel Reid would be the head. The partnership was formed and in a few years its practice was the largest of any county-town firm in Ohio. This firm continued until the death of Colonel Reid in 1879. Mr. Powell's business continued to grow until he was a regular attendant at most of the courts in the central counties of the State. During the past fifteen years he has been engaged in many of the leading civil and criminal cases tried in Ohio. In the celebrated Inskip murder case tried in Logan County in 1878, he was the leading counsel for the defense and saved the life of his client to the surprise of all familiar with the facts. He was also leading counsel in the Lou Hank murder case, tried in Delaware in 1883, and in the George W. Butler murder case, tried in Columbia City, Indiana.. He defended and secured the acquittal of Allen 0. Myers, in which case the State, fearing that political sentiment in Franklin County would prevent the conviction of the defendant, secured a change of venue and the case was removed to Madison County, where it was tried before a jury composed of Republicans. Although most severely contested, Mr. Powell was completely victorious. In the celebrated W. J. Elliott murder trial, he conducted the defense in the most bitterly contested case ever tried at the Franklin County bar, and he is leading counsel of P. J. Elliott, brother of W. J., whose case is still in court, In the prosecution of Waggoner in Morrow County, Ohio, he represented the State and secured a conviction of murder in the first degree. He was also engaged in the celebrated Deshler will case, which involved over a half of million of dollars, and which occupied the attention of the Franklin County courts for ten years. He won his cause and the will was Set aside. In the great Church divorce case, he was the principal attorney for the plaintiff and his efforts were crowned with success. He is now engaged in the fierce contests among the creditors of the Ohio & Western Coal & Iron Company, in which millions are involved. In January, 1872, he married Eliza, the only daughter of Edward .Thomson, Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The fruit of that marriage is, Edward T. Powell, Maria T. Powell, Cornelia T. Powell, Raymond T. Powell, Warren T. Powell and Oliver H. Powell. 820 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. Amid his onerous duties, Mr. Powell has found time to give politicA some attention. He is, not by birth but by nature, a Democrat, and since the death of Lincoln has acted with the Democratic party. In 1872 he was a delegate to the National Convention which nominated Greeley, and was the presidential elector for his district on the Greeley ticket. In 1875 he received the Democratic nomination for Attorney-General on the ticket with Governor William Allen. In 1879 he placed Thomas Ewing in nomination in the State Convention. In 1882 he did the same for James W. Newman, for Secretary of State. Each of these gentlemen was nominated and the latter elected. in 1882 he was the Democratic nominee for Congress in the old Ninth District, and though defeated, ran fifteen hundred ahead of his ticket, carrying his native county, which no Democratic Congressional candidate has ever done, either before or since. In 1883 that old Democratic warhorse, Durbin Ward, selected Mr. Powell to present his name to the Democratic State Convention, which he did in a most eloquent manner. In 1884, he was a delegate to the National Democratic Convention, and at the request of Governor George Hoadly, placed that gentleman's name in nomination for the Presidency. He was also an elector at large on the Democratic ticket. In 1885, he was chairman of the State Democratic Executive Committee. In 1887, he was nominated by the Democrats for Governor, defeating in convention James E. Campbell Though defeated at the polls, he ran between nine and ten thousand votes ahead of his ticket. In 1888, he place in nomination in the St. Louis Convention, Allen G. Thurman. During the last four years the demands of his profession have prevented him giving much attention to politics. Mr. Powell has always taken an active interest in educational matters. He clings to his Alma Mater, and his eldest son is now a student there. He was trustee of the Ohio Wesleyan Female College until that institution was incorporated with the Ohio Wesleyan University, since which time he has been a trustee of that institution. He was one of the organizers of the Deposit Banking Company of Delaware, and of the Delaware Chair Company, of Delaware, and a director in each. He is now a large stockholder in the Columbus Land Association, which owns between three and four hundred acres of land just east of the city and which has a paid-up capital of one-halt a million of dollars. He is the only resident director, the others being John C. Bullitt, Mr. Drexel, and other wealthy citizens of Philadelphia. Mr. Powell moved from Delaware to this city in 1887, and is devoting himself to the rapidly increasing business of his profession. His associates in the firm are, Selwyn N. Owen, lately Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio, Thomas H. Ricketts and Samuel L. Black. The firm of Powell, Owen, Ricketts & Black, has as large a law business [Portraltm in Ohio PHILIP H. BRUCK [Portrait opposite page 480] Was born in Columbus, Ohio, January 6, 1845, and is the son of John P. Bruck and Margaret Bruck, nee Ell. His parents are natives of Bavaria and came to the United States in the thirties. His father, who was a cabinetmaker by trade, lived in New York for a few years and then removed to Columbus, where he resided until his death in 1883. Philip H. Bruck was educated in the public schools of Columbus, and graduated from the Highschool in 1861. That same year he entered a drug store as an apprentice, and in the fall of 1861 he became proprietor of the store. In REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 821 1866 he formed a partnership with Herman Braun, under the firm name of Braun & Bruck, which continued until 1887. Mr. Bruck was actively engaged in the drug business for twenty-six years, and at the time of his retirement had three establishments, two retail and one wholesale and retail, now H. Braun, Sons & Company. In 1864 he enlisted for the one-hundred days service in Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-third Ohio Infantry, under Captain Williams. Mr. Bruck is a Democrat, and as such has taken an active interest in political affairs. During 1880-82 he represented the eighth ward on the Board of Education. In 1884 he was appointed by Governor Hoadly a member of the Ohio Board of Pharmacy for three years, during which time he was Secretary of the Board. In 1886 he was elected a member of the Board of Police Commissioners. The following year he was unanimously nominated for Mayor, overcame a large majority cast for General Walcutt two years before, and defeated his opponent, D. F. Pugh, by 1,100 majority. In 1889 he was indorsed in his administration by a reelection by 1,700 majority over General Walcutt. The National Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Centennial Exposition were held in Columbus during his administration, and much of their success was due to his energy and untiring exertions. Mr. Bruck is a member of the McCoy Post, Grand Army of the Republic ; Columbus Lodge 30, F. A. M.; Syrian Temple, N. M. S.; Humboldt Verein and Columbus Männerchor. He has been identified with the Männerchor (of which his father was a charter member) for more than twenty-five years, and served as its temporary director for several years. He acted as Fest Director at the first Sängerfest held in Columbus, in 1878, of the Central Ohio Sängerbund. He is also a member of the Columbus Club and the Board of Trade. Besides being a director of the Columbus Machine Company and the Evening Post Printing Company, he is interested in a number of other Columbus enterprises. Mr. Bruck's administration as mayor was characterized by upright and businesslike methods. He fathered the midnight closing ordinance, and made earnest endeavors to drive professional gamblers from the city. In 1891 Mr. Bruck was elected to the lower branch of the State Legislature, of which body he is still a member. He was married in 1869 to Mary Lennox, daughter of James Lennox. They have two sons and two daughters : J. Philip, James, Mary and Beatrice Bruck. FREDERICK JAEGER [Portrait opposite page 496] Was born in Columbus, Ohio, on October 5,1835. His father, Christian Frederick Jaeger, was a native of Heilinrode in Hesse Cassel, Germany, and was the son of Rev. John J. Jaeger, a minister of the German Reformed Church. His mother, Henrietta (Brauer) Jaeger was born in Germany on January 28, 1799, and died in Columbus on February 10, 1868. His parent's emigrated to America in 1834 and located in Columbus towards the latter part of that year. Fuller details concerning Mr. Jaeger's parents appear in the sketch of his father's life which is published in Volume I of this work. Frederick Jaeger, the subject of this sketch, received his education in the public schools and at the Capital University of Columbus. After engaging in a few minor occupations, he in 1856 took up the ice business, in which he has been engaged from that time to this present. He has also dealt largely in real estate and stocks, many of his investments yielding him handsome profits. Mr. Jaeger 822 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. was a Democrat in politics; of late years he has pursued an independent course. He was a member of the City Council for three terms, commencing in April, 1863, and was also one of the first City Park Commissioners, serving for nine years. He is a member of the Odd Fellows, and is interested in many business enterprises. He has always taken an active part in any movement looking to the advancement and prosperity of the city, and did much towards securing the permanent location of the State Fair at Columbus. He was married on March 4, 1869, to Louise Philippine Herancourt. They have three children Christian F., Frederick and Henrietta Louise. JERRY P. BLISS [Portrait opposite page 512.] Was born in Columbus, Ohio, September 14, 1854, and is the son of Charles and Deborah (Shead) Bliss. About 1814 his grandparents settled on a farm of 320 acres where he now resides. The lot on which his mother was born was the scene also of his own and children's birth, so that Mr. Bliss and his family have been identified with the South Side from a very early day. He was educated in the public schools and attended one at the corner of Third and Mound streets until he was thirteen years of age. While going to school, lie helped support his mother by selling papers and by gathering bouquets from her flowerbeds and selling them on the streets and places of public resort. Thus at this early age he manifested that spirit of energy and enterprise which has since characterized his career. On leaving school, he served two winters in the Ohio Senate as a page, earning in wages and perquisites over six hundred dollars, with which he relieved his home of an indebtedness incurred by helping an uncle who failed. He also worked in the old steam brickyard and at the bench as a chairmaker and carver. In 1870 he worked on a farm for ten months and then on the railroad as a newsboy for three months. He next secured a position in the general office of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which he held until 1876, when he went into the ticket office at the Union Station. He represented the Indiana, Bloomington and Western Railway, and soon achieved a widely known and well deserved reputation in that branch of the service. While in the railroad business he advanced a large sum of money to a friend in the baking business, who, through poor management, was soon on the verge of failure. In order to protect himself, Mr. Bliss took charge of the business and since August, 1888, has conducted it himself. In June, 1891, he gave up railroading in order to give all his time and energy to his bakery, which he considerably enlarged and fitted out with all the latest devices and inventions applicable to the baking business, so that today he has the most thoroughly equipped plant in Columbus. He introduced many innovations, the most prominent of which was the abolition of night and Sunday work and requiring all baking to be done in the daytime. Mr. Bliss has dealt considerably in real estate, from which lie has realized handsome returns. His first speculation in this line was when he was eighteen years old, and he cleared over fifteen hundred dollars on an actual cash outlay of sixty-six dollars. In politics he is a Republican and has, by rendering long and disinterested service to his party, won a high place in the councils and esteem of his party friends. In the south end, whose interests and improvements he has done more to advance than any other man by securing for it proper recognition from the municipal authorities, he has a large number of supporters in both parties. This was evidenced at the recent election by his selection as a member of REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 823 the Board of Public Works, to which he was elected by a majority of 2,758 votes —the largest majority ever given any person of either party in Columbus. In 1888, he was the first delegate selected in Ohio to represent the thirteenth district in the national convention at Chicago which nominated Benjamin Harrison. Although a strong effort was made to thwart his selection, yet he secured 37 delegates out of a possible 38 in the district convention. He was a candidate for postmaster and received strong support from all classes, and was the only applicant endorsed by all the newspapers of Columbus. But his wellknown friendship and support of Ex-Governor J. B. Foraker rendered him obnoxious to Senator Sher- man, who refused to endorse his candidacy, thereby defeating him. Mr. Bliss is prominent in secret and fraternal societies and is a member of Junia Lodge, I. 0. 0. F.; Goodale Lodge, F. & A. M.; Temple Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Mount Vernon Commandery, No. 1, K. T.; Algonquin Tribe, Red Men ; Joseph Dowdall Lodge, K. of P., and Junia Hussars; also a member of Town Street Methodist Church. He was married on September 15, 1874, to Adelia Rodgers. Their family consists of Irene, Van Seltzer, Bertha Minerva, Frederick Herbst, Hattie and Deborah. N. B. ABBOTT [Portrait opposite page 520.] Was born in Middlebury, Connecticut, on February 10, 1835. His parents were poor and at the early age of eight years he was sent out to earn his living on a farm. He worked for his board, clothes and winter schooling until sixteen years of age. He finished his education in the winter of his sixteenth year at the Highschool of Watertown, Connecticut, worked on a farm the following summer, and then entered on a four years' apprenticeship to learn the trade of carpenter in New Haven, Connecticut, receiving the meager salary of 25, 30, 35 and 40 dollars per year and his board for the four years. Having learned architectural drawing at the New Haven night school, he decided to become an architect and was employed for one year at that profession in Hudson, Ohio. His health failing on account of too close application to business, he decided to engage in an outdoor business. He went to Waterbury, Connecticut, and engaged in building by contract. He afterwards removed to Watertown in the same State and carried on the building business until 1861. When the war broke out, he enlisted in the Twentieth Regiment, Connecticut. Infantry, and served three years in the war. He participated in the battles of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, receiving a slight wound in the latter battle. Mr. Abbott went west with the Twelfth Corps, afterwards the Twentieth, and was in the entire campaign from Nashville to Chattanooga, from Chattanooga to Atlanta, from Atlanta to the sea and from Savannah to Washington. Enlisting as a private, he was promoted through all the intervening grades up to First Lieutenant, and he finished the service after the battle of Bentonville as Adjutant of the Regiment. The war over, he again took up the business of building. He abandoned this at the end of a year, and locating in Brooklyn he engaged in contracting for street work. He carried on asphalt. paving in Brooklyn and for many years has been engaged in laying that species of pavement throughout the country. In 1876 he took up his residence in Columbus, where he has built several of the largest sewers and paved about fifty miles of streets with various kinds of pavement. This work has cost the city about three millions of dollars. 824 - HISTORY OF THE CITY OF COLUMBUS. The Ohio Paving Company, of which he is President, does a business of about a million of dollars annually and also manufactures the Hallwood paving block. The field of their operations embraces the principal cities of the United States, and the demand for the Hallwood paving blocks has become so great that the Company now has eight factories employed in producing them' Mr. Abbott has stated that during twentyfive years of business life he has paid out for labor alone over three million dollars. He has always been a manager of large operations and has established a reputation for energy, push and superior work. HENRY W. KNIGHT [Portrait opposite page 528.] Was born in Margate, Kent County,. England, on October 22, 1838. His father, William Edward Nash Knight, and his mother, Mary Ann Phamplett, were married on July 25,1830, and their family consisted of ten children. His father was a surfman and gained his livelihood by wrecking, diving and fishing. This had been the occupation of his ancestors, both paternal and maternal, for generations. Mr. Knight received but little schooling owing to the straitened circumstances of his parents, and at an early age was obliged to go to work. His three oldest brothers were apprenticed as seamen when mere youths and sailed almost wholly to Pacific ports. Being in California at the time of the discovery of gold, they abandoned the sea and went prospecting for gold. Fortune favored them and they were soon able to return to England with a large sum of money. When the brothers returned home in 1853, they found Henry W. Knight working in a bakeshop for the meager sum of sixpence per week. Having concluded to return to California they decided to take him with them and all three landed in New York on October 19, 1854, and immediately proceeded to Iberia, Ohio, where they arrived on October 24. Henry W. was placed at work for a Doctor Mills on the latter's farm, caring for a large flock of sheep. He continued at this occupation until the spring of 1855, when his brothers brought him to Columbus to learn a trade. He was apprenticed for three years to John Rushmore (whose place of business was on the corner of Wall and Rich streets), to learn the blacksmithing trade. Although his wages were small, yet by close economy and by working after hours, sawing wood and making fishnets, he managed to save a little money. At the end of the three years he had a misunderstanding with his employer about, his wages and he went to work for A. P. Trummer, who ran a shop on the corner of Mound and Front streets, where Phillip Kinnell's tool and ax works are now situated. On October 1, 1859, Mr. Knight was married and continued working at his trade until 1860, when he received an offer to accompany as horseshoer, a party of men who were about to take a large number of horses across the plains to California. As the wages offered were much larger than he was receiving, he went, leaving his wife in charge of her parents. After a trip of ninety days they arrived in California, where Mr. Knight obtained employment at his trade in a small place about twenty miles from Stockton. He soon gave this up to go in search of his brothers, who were working a claim about sixty miles distant. After a tedious journey full of hardships and peril through the mountains, he found them. In a very short time he had purchased an interest in their claim, but the returns not meeting his expectations he abandoned this, and for the next seven years traversed the gold regions of California and Idaho looking for wealth. Bad luck, however, seemed to follow his footsteps and in the winter of 1868 he gave up