50 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. of the federal Union in all its entirety and integrity. To all these Mr. Harrison gave courageous, efficient and zealous support.. The power and resources of his mind, the strength of his character, the deep devotion of his loyalty, were all consecrated to the opportunities and duties of the hour in behalf of the cause of the country of his adoption. Before the Rebellion shook the nation with its initial reverberations, Mr. Harrison, as a loyal lover of peace and humanity and a disciple of law and order, did all in his power to avert the storm of civil war. James Buchanan was still the president, and, in view of the threats of the southern states, had sent a special message to congress on the subject of the contemplated uprising of the south against the federal government, in which he had ostensibly taken a position in favor of the maintenance of the Union. Mr. Harrison with his colleagues took the ground that they should assume the integrity and sincerity of President Buchanan in his message, and in support of such a policy Mr. Harrison had the honor, on January 12, 1861, to introduce in the Ohio senate the following resolutions, of which he was author : "I. That the people of Ohio, believing that the preservation of the unity of government that constitutes the American people one people is essential to the support of their tranquillity at home, of their peace abroad, of their safety, of their prosperity, and of that very liberty which they so highly prize, are firmly and ardently attached to the national constitution and the union of the states. "II. That the general government cannot permit the secession of any state without violating the obligations by which it is bound under the compact to the other states and to every citizen of the United States. "III. That whilst the constitutional rights of every state in the Union should be preserved inviolate, the powers and authority of the national government must be maintained, and the laws of congress faithfully enforced, in every state and territory until. repealed by congress, or adjudged to be unconstitutional by the proper judicial tribunal; and. that all attempts by state authorities to. nullify the constitution of the United States, or the laws of the federal government, or to resist the execution thereof, are revolutionary in their character, and tend to the disruption, of the best and wisest system of government in the world. "IV. That the people of Ohio are inflexibly opposed to intermeddling with the internal affairs and domestic relations of the other states of the Union, in the same manner and to the same extent as they are opposed to any interference by the people of other states with their domestic concerns. "V. That it is the will and purpose of the people of Ohio to fulfill in good faith all their obligations under the constitution of the United States, according to the spirit and intent thereof, and they demand the faithful discharge of the same duty by every state in the Union; and thus, as far as may be, to insure tranquillity between the state of Ohio and the other states. "VI. That it is incumbent upon any state having enactments on their. CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 51 statute books conflicting with, or rendering less efficient, the constitution or laws of the United States; to repeal them ; and it is equally incumbent upon the general government; and the several states, to secure to every citizen of the Union his rights in every state, under that provision of the constitution which guarantees to the citizens of each state all the privileges and immunities of the citizens of the several states ; and thus inspire and restore confidence and a spirit of fraternal feeling between the different states of the Union. "VII. That the Union-loving citizens of those states who have labored, and still labor, with devotional courage and patriotism to withhold their states from the vortex of secession, are entitled to the gratitude and admiration of the whole American people. "VIII. That we hail with joy the recent firm, dignified and patriotic special message of the president of the United States, and that the entire power and resources of Ohio are hereby pledged, whenever necessary and demanded, for the maintenance under strict subordination to the civil authority, of the constitution and laws of the general governmentby whomsoever administered. "IX. That the governor be requested to forward, forthwith, copies of the foregoing resolutions to the president of the nation, and the governors of all the states of the Union, and to each of the senators and representatives in congress from this state, to be by them presented to each branch of the national legislature."  Well has a distinguished contemporary said that those resolutions, so patriotic in their spirit, merit for Mr, Harrison a just immortality. They passed the senate with but one dissenting voice, and received but two opposing votes in the house. In February following, when Abraham Lincoln, president elect, was on that memorable journey. to Washington, he stopped at Columbus, and, while the guest of Governor Dennison, Mr. Harrison was presented to him as a member of the state senate. The president elect at once inquired if he was the Harrison who was the author of the patriotic and timely resolutions, and, upon being assured, expressed great pleasure at meeting the author. At the special request of Mr. Harrison, the venerable Thomas Ewing, one of the most honored and trusted of Ohio's statesmen and jurists, was appointed by Governor William Dennison as one of the commissioners to represent Ohio in a conference of the states, called by invitation of the Virginia legislature, to assemble at Washington; D. C., on the 4th of February, 1861, to consider the then impending crisis. But the God of battles could not be stayed ; the purity and perpetuity of our federal government could be secured only by the baptism- of blood. The guns of treason belched forth their fire upon Sumter and the nation, horror-stricken, trembled at the issue. Naught but physical frailty prevented Mr. Harrison from enlisting in his country's service, but there was sore need of stanch citizens at home no less than courageous soldiers at the front. Mr. Harrison was foremost in that noble number of 52 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. loyal statesmen who in the legislative forum fought as persistently and patriotically to sustain the national government as did the "boys in blue" on the tented field. Shortly after the adjournment of the legislature in 1861 Mr. Harrison was chosen by the elector's Of his district to the seat in congress made vacant by the resignation of ex-Governor Thomas Corwin upon his appointment as minister to Mexico. He took his seat in the national house of representatives at that momentous extra session called by President Lincoln, and which convened July 4, 1861. Here Mr. Harrison was: called to cope with the great questions that, presented themselves to the legislative body of a nation tossed in the throes of armed rebellion. Mr. Harrison's participation in the deliberations of this session need not be related in, detail. The acts of that congress are a memorable part of our national history. The voice of Mr. Harrison, when uplifted, but echoed the patriotic inspiration of his. purpose; and his vote on every question but emphasized the loyalty and wisdom of his action. The close of this congress, March. 3, 1863, marked the retirement of Mr. Harrison from public life. By the legislative reapportionment of the congressional districts. of Ohio, in 1862, Madison. county, in which Mr. Harrison resided, was attached to the Franklin district, in which the Democratic majority was large, and Mr. Harrison was succeeded by Samuel S. Cox. Since that retirement from the political field Mr. Harrison's pursuits have been exclusively confined to the line of his profession. His stewardship as a statesman, so creditable to. himself and so valuable to his country, ripened his experience, broadened his knowledge and enlarged his mental vision, but did not allure him from his profession, for which he was by nature so eminently fitted, and which he has by his achievements so, splendidly adorned. As has been noticed by one of his distinguished biographers, Judge W. H. West : "The opportunities of Mr. Harrison, while pursuing his legal studies, were most fortunate. The bench of Springfield was adorned by the modest learning of Judge J. R. Swan, its bar by the sterling qualities of Edward Cummings, the courtly dignity of Sampson Mason, and the brilliant genius and gifted versatility of William A. Rogers. The lessons of precept and of example derived from these model gentlemen of the old school ripened into fixed and most agreeable traits of professional character. Not less fortunate was the opening of Mr. Harrison's professional career. The ancient circuit practice had for him a fascination Which yet continues. The intricate system of land titles peculiar to the Virginia Reservation, within which his `circuit' lay, had not ceased to be a fruitful source of litigation. The magnitude of individual estates in the Scioto valley often gave rise to controversies about their succession. His. rapid rise at the bar soon opened to him these fields of legal contention, in which he was early accustomed to encounter, and often successfully contend with ex-Justice Swayne, John W. Andrews, P. B. Wilcox, CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 53 Governor Nelson Barrere, the lamented Judges Briggs, Sloan and Dicky, Jonathan Rennick, distinguished for his great good sense, the late Hocking H. Hunter and occasionally to meet the venerable Thomas Ewing. In these rencounters he early learned that there could be no excellence without labor ; that undisciplined genius may transiently soar, but only toil can maintain the ascent it makes. To have once achieved success in those contests was worth ambition; to maintain the conflict on equal terms through a succession of years. was its goal. To this he bent his powers and he has not been disappointed. Jealous a mistress as is the law, he paid her assiduous devotion, crowning her with garlands gathered from every department of her domain. Studying her precepts as a system of philosophy, he applied them as a science, not as an art. Not omitting to cultivate familiarity with adjudicated cases, it was rather to extract from each its underlying principle than to employ at unintelligently as judicial `ipse dixit.' Aided in this by strong sense, quick perception, discriminating judgment and. great power of analysis, he has united familiarity with the intricacies of procedure to 'a substantial mastery of judicial construction and interpretation, and the general principles governing in the adjudication of the multiform rights Which spring from -the ever-colliding relations of life." Mr. Harrison's early practice was, as before intimated, under the old regime of the "circuit-travel" days, which gave a far wider and more varied field for observation and experience with men than do modern methods. On this subject we cannot do better than quote a passage by Mr. Harrison himself, concerning the "early Ohio bar," to which subject .he so felicitously responded at the Thurman banquet, November 13, 1890 : "In the early history of Ohio each judicial circuit was composed of many counties, and each county was very large. The . lawyers traveled with the president judge of the circuit from county to county,. on horse, over wretched roads, a great part of the year, with their papers and books in their saddlebags,' and some of them not without 'flasks' and 'packs.' They were often compelled to lodge two-in-a-bed, thus carrying into practice Blackstone's theory that the science of the law is of a sociable disposition. A session of a judicial court in a county was an event of interest to all the inhabitants thereof. It was largely attended by mere spectators. The lawyers were thereby stimulated to do their best, much more than they were by the pittances received from their clients. The elegant courtrooms of the present day, devoid of spectators, are by no means as favorable schools. or theaters for advocacy and oratory as the primitive log court-houses, crowded with appreciative listeners. The early lawyers were noted for their mother wit, their knowledge of human nature, and their knowledge of the underlying principles of jurisprudence and of right,. and the facility and accuracy with which they applied them. There were active and influential politicians, and they sought the gratification of their ambition by service in public life: In these times, to render the state some service was regarded as honorable and praise- 54 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. worthy, as to have rendered service to the nation. (Would that this view were again adopted !) The early lawyers were not dwarfed by the barren littleness of the profession when followed as a mere trade. They were less anxious about fees than they were to win the applause and. gain the suffrages of their fellow citizens. They practically illustrated the notion which regards the fee of the lawyer as the offering of gratitude, not as the wages of labor, and that a lawyer' is the servant of his fellow men for the attainment of his justice, in which definition is expressed both the lowliness and the dignity of his calling. There were no stenographers in the times of the early lawyers. Trials were of short duration. The lawyers went straight to the material points in controversy and the fray was soon ended. A trial was not a siege, but a short hand-to-hand contest. "The early Ohio bar cultivated a warm professional feeling, and their standard of professional integrity and honor was high. There were then no bar associations with disciplinary jurisdiction. None were needed. Professional ethics and professional honor were very rarely violated, and, when vitiated, the offender was at once completely ostracized .by his brethren and his occupation was gone. The free, open, fraternal and honorable character of the profession of the law has never been better illustrated than it was by the early Ohio bar." In 1870 Mr. Harrison was a candidate for judge of the supreme court of Ohio, but with his colleagues on the ticket he was defeated at the election. In 1875 Governor Hayes, recognizing the superior fitness of Mr. Harrison for the position, appointed him a member of the supreme court commission of Ohio, and the senate promptly and unanimously confirmed the appointment; but Mr. Harrison declined. He could ill afford to sacrifice a large and lucrative practice for the inadequate emoluments of judicial office. Afterward, upon the decease of Judge William W. Johnson, in 1887, Governor Foraker tendered a seat upon the supreme bench to Mr. Harrison, but he declined the honor. Mr. Harrison's life, so fraught with the results of acts accomplished, is a striking illustration Of the rewards received for unceasing and untiring effort. His genius, is that genius which Carlyle designates as "hard work." Though endowed with talents of the highest. order, though armored in mind with all the weapons of wisdom, knowledge and experience, yet he bestows the utmost conscientious, and painstaking labor in the preparation of his cases. It is his habit upon occasion not merely to burn the midnight oil but not infrequently his task also finds him -tireless at his desk till "night's candles are burned out," and "morn, waked by the circling hours, with rosy hands unbars the gates of light." His briefs are clear and exhaustless treatises, not only upon the principles but also the application of the law to the facts pertinent to the points at issue. They are models in logical and legal arrangement of the case at the bar, recited in all the potency and perfection of a masterful command of language. N0r have his herculean labors., the hand' CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 55 maid of his natural powers, been restricted to the immediate pursuits of his practice. Possessed of a large and fruitful mind, he has chosen for his intimate and familiar companions the leaders of thought, speech and action in all ages. A constant reader, with a remarkably retentive memory, his mind is stored with the choicest productions of ancient and modern classics. One who has been both his associate and his antagonist in the legal forum has said of him : "His style is logical, terse and compact, though not barren of illustration and embellishment. His singularly agreeable voice, distinct enunciation, candor of statement, and great earnestness of manner, win sympathy, secure confidence and carry conviction. In this, hardly less than in the logic of his words, lies the secret of his success. But the magic of his power is the courage of conscious right, and the boldness of thorough preparation, which: distinguishes him. Armed: with these his attack is direct, pinioning wrong by exposing its deformity, and rearing about justice a fortress of truth. Mastery of self is the strength of his armor. Ever subordinating temper, his quickness of repartee and keenness of sarcasm render him invulnerable; yet so playful and pleasantly does he employ these weapons that, while their victim rarely wishes to provoke their second employment, his repartee punctures without sting, and his sarcasm cuts without wounding." It is in consideration of questions of constitutional law that the mental acumen and legal ability of Mr. Harrison have found their most adequate and fitting field. As a constitutional lawyer his reputation is national, and he is ranked among the foremost of American lawyers. His success in the Boesel Railroad cases, reported in Granger's Ohio Supreme Court Reports (1872), established his eminence as . a lawyer on constitutional questions, while, at the same time, it saved: the people from the imposition of an oppresive system of taxation that would yield no return: Since that time Mr. Harrison has appeared either on one side or the other, before the supreme court, in the leading contests concerning the validity of legislative enactments. Mr. Harrison proceeds to the presentation of his case in absolute frankness and fairness, but with the facts and law marshaled like the forces. of an unconquerable general, with every point of the line guarded for the attack; be it offensive or defensive. But, great as are his powers of argument and logic, his disposition is judicial rather than disputatious, and, as has often been said by his acquaintances of both bench and bar, it is to be regretted that the highest position in his profession, a seat in the national supreme court, has not demanded his services. Indeed, it is an interesting incident that he was at one time selected for that position. George Alfred Townsend, the famous newspaper correspondent, relates in a recently published letter, that when a vacancy on the bench of the supreme court of the United States was caused by the decease of Mr. Justice Lamar, President Harrison, in a recent conversation in New York with some members of the -bar, stated that it was his intention to nominate Mr. Harrison to fill the vacancy, but that a question 56 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. arose as to Mr. Harrison's age. Quiet inquiry developed that he had just passed his sixtieth birthday, which precedence has established as the time limit. That fact alone prevented his nomination. Though having declined, among other honors, appointments to fill vacancies of the supreme court of Ohio, President Harrison was satisfied that Mr. Harrison would have accepted the appointment he was about to tender him. It would have come as acknowledgment of Mr. Harrison's unquestioned qualifications for the position. The late Judge H0well E. Jackson was appointed to fill the vacancy'. In many cases in the federal and state courts Mr. Harrison has acted either as referee or special master of chancery. Some of them are reported. In each case his decision, except in so far as his conclusions were founded upon express direction of the court of first instance, was sustained. Mr. Harrison was the third president of the Ohio State Bar Association. To him the principles of the law more than science, its. practice more than art—to him the profession of the law is a mission, a sacred calling, demanding not only the highest attributes of the mind but also the consecration of character, the honesty and integrity of the most exalted and noblest manhood. At the opening of the College of Law of the Ohio State University, at Columbus, October 1, 1891, Mr. Harrison delivered the address, and. his tribute to his profession on that occasion deserves place in this sketch. He said : "Law is not merely the instrument of government. Many persons seem so to regard it. But this conception of law is an erroneous one. On the contrary the truth is, law is the basis of public liberty and also the safeguard of each individual citizen's public and private rights and liberties. This is at least what the law of the land is in every free country. It is pre-eminently what I have described it to be, in our own state and country. Wherefore there must necessarily be in our own, and in every free state, a body of men who have a thorough and profound knowledge, an enlightened appreciation, and an enthusiastic love of the fundamental principles which constitute the basis of public liberty, and the private and public rights and liberties of the individual citizen. These liberties and rights cannot be expounded and vindicated, and maintained in their integrity without such a body of men. From their ranks magistrates, known as judges, must be chosen to administer the constitutional, statutory and common law of the land, and thus dispense public and private justice and maintain the rights of every citizen. It is a plain truth—perhaps an obvious comm0nplace—that without an enlightened judiciary no one's life or liberty or property or reputation is safe; and the efficiency of the administration of the law depends as well upon the learning, ability and integrity of the bar as upon the learning, ability, impartiality and independence of the bench. They are correlatives. As showing that the profession of the advocate and jurist is one of the principal supports of public liberty and individual personal rights and liberties, is the historical fact that CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 57 this calling has flourished most amidst free institutions, and under the most popular governments. Not only so. This profession, in any state or country or age, is an efficient activity in promoting the public welfare, especially when its controlling members are, before entering upon their active duties, deeply instructed not merely in the law of the land but also in the ethics of the profession of the bar 'as taught by those who are alone worthy of being its masters and guides." Mr. Harrison's considerate courtesy and uniform urbanity to all, old or young, with whom he comes in contact, are the rare qualities of the older school of gentlemen, alas ! too little exemplified in the present generation. Such a one as man, citizen and lawyer, is Mr. Harrison. Those who have enjoyed the boon of his friendship, aye, even the privilege of his acquaintance, will acknowledge it but due praise to say of. him that he is foremost of those "Men who their duties know, But also know their rights, and knowing, dare maintain." Through the characters and lives of such men in the noble purpose of their vocation are the lines of the poet true, that "Sovereign law; that state's collected, will, O'er thrones and globes elate, Sits empress, crowning good, repressing ill." Mr. Harrison's domestic relations have been as happy and delightful as his professional career has been honorable and brilliant. On December 21, 1847, he was married, at London, Ohio, to Miss Maria Louisa Warner, a daughter of Henry Warner, one of the honored pioneers of Madison county. Three daughters and four sons were the result of this union. One of the daughters and two of the sons are deceased. The youngest son, Warner, who gives promise of being a worthy son of his distinguished father, is now associated with his father in the practice of the law, the firm being located at Columbus and known as Harrison, Olds, Henderson & Harrison. The firm was formerly Harrison, Olds & Marsh. Mr. Marsh, now deceased, was a son-in-law of Mr. Harrison. D. K. Watson, formerly the attorney general of the state of Ohio and a congressman from the Franklin district, is a son-in-law of Mr. Harrison. REV. SAWYER A. HUTCHINSON. When the country became involved in Civil war there flocked to the standard of the nation men who came from the workshops, from the offices and from the *fields. Every station and class of life was represented and. all were actuated with the same honorable purpose, the perpetuation of the Republic, which 4 58 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. was founded as the result of eight years of bloodshed and of war. As long as memory remains to the American people they will hold in grateful remembrance those whose efforts perpetuated the Union, and everywhere the blue uniform of the soldier awakens interest and admiration. Mr. Hutchinson was among the number who followed the stars and stripes upon the battlefields of the south, manifesting his loyalty and bravery on many occasions. His life record began in Francistown, New Hampshire, on the 11th of May, 1821, his parents being Osgood and Hannah (Fuller) Hutchinson, the latter a daughter of the Rev. Andrew Fuller, one of the early graduates of Harvard University. The boyhood of our subject was passed in his native town, where he acquired an .academic education. He was a close and earnest student, and after completing his own course successfully engaged in teaching for two terms in the public schools. Wishing, however, to devote his life to a higher and holier calling, he prepared for the ministry, entering the theological school at Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1847. He there pursued the regular course and was graduated in June, 1850. Subsequently he took a post-graduate course in Oberlin College, and in 1852 he opened a preparatory school on South High street, in Columbus, where he was engaged in teaching for fifty terms. During a part of that time he was also an instructor in the schools of Dublin. During his pedagogic career he also engaged in preaching the gospel, beginning his work in the ministry at the time when he entered Oberlin College for post-graduate work. For a half century he devoted his time partly to the work of the ministry, being ordained about 1853 as a member of the Christian church, belonging to the Ohio Central Christian Conference, in which all of his ministerial work has been performed, except for a period of eight years spent in Kittery, Maine, where he preached the gospel, carrying the glad tidings of great joy to many listeners. When the Civil war was in progress he offered his services to the government in 1864, for one hundred days, enlisting as a member of Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered in with the rank of second lieutenant, and after joining the army was sent to Virginia. The regiment. held the forts on the right wing of Grant's army. While there Mr. Hutchinson was detailed to command a force of one hundred men to cut away the timbers. He participated. in a number of engagements, in one of which he was, deafened by the concussion of cannons, and his hearing has ever since been impaired. He served his term of enlistment and was then honorably discharged, but has always continued social relations with his army comrades through his membership in Cicero Davis Post, of Dublin, Ohio, of which he is now chaplain, having held the position continuously since the. organization of the post, with the exception of one year. Since the war Mr. Hutchinson has resided in Franklin county with the exception of eight years spent in Maine. In the spring of 1865 he went south for a comrade, and while between Fortress Monroe and city of Washington was examined by an officer to see if he was Wilkes Booth., the assassin of CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 59 Lincoln being then at liberty and hunted by the troops. While on this trip Mr. Hutchinson took prisoner a man who had murdered four men, grabbing him as he was leaving the train and pulling him over the seat, thus holding him until he was shackled. Mr. Hutchinson has a hat rack made from pegs from the cabin of the Kearsarge after the fight with the Alabama. He also has in his possession a splendid collection of specimens and souvenirs of the Civil war, numbering over a thousand, including his regimental flag. He has taken a very active interest in promoting the cause of the soldiers wishing to obtain pensions, and his labors in this direction have been very effective. On the 8th of July, 1850, Rev. Hutchinson was united in the holy bonds of matrimony to Miss Anna Havlin, of Boston, Massachusetts, a daughter of John and Ellen Havlin, who were also natives of . the Bay state. Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson became the parents of five children---George, Hattie and Harry, twins, Walter and Albert, but all, are now deceased. The eldest son was occupying a position in the navy yard at Kittery, Maine, at the time of his death, and is buried there. Mr. Hutchinson has taken quite an active interest in politics, supporting Abraham Lincoln and the measures represented by the Republican party. His has been a noble and upright life, devoted to the welfare of his fellow men. He is a man remarkable in the breadth of his wisdom, in his indomitable perseverance and his strong individuality. His life at all times would bear the closest scrutiny, and his influence in behalf of what is right, true and good has been most marked. He is public spirited in an eminent degree, national progress and local advancement being causes both dear to the heart of this thoroughly loyal son of the republic. In demeanor he is quiet and unostentatious in manner, is pleasant and genial—an approachable gentleman who enjoys the warm friendship of a select circle of acquaintances. REV. A. PFLUEGER., Rev. A. Pflueger, M. A., one of the professors of the Capital University of Columbus, has throughout the greater part of his life been identified with those interests tending to the intellectual and moral development of mankind. His time has been consecrated to those lines of labor which lift humanity and make the individual better prepared for the duties of this life and better qualified for the life to come. He was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, November 27, 1851, and as his name indicates, is of German lineage. His father, Henry Pflueger, came to the new world from Waldeck, Germany, in 1845, and on the Schneider. Professor Pflueger is their eldest child and the other members of the family are : Henry, who was born August 21, 1853, and is a physician 23d of January, 1851, in Fairfield county, Ohio, he married Miss Susanna at Rewey, Wisconsin, and Mrs. Mary P. Marvin. She wart born February 20, 1858, and was married in Columbus in 188, becoming a resident of Findlay, Ohio, where her husband died. On attaining the usual age Professor Pflueger entered the public schools, 60 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. and when he had mastered the various branches that form the curriculum of the city schools' of Columbus he entered the Capital University, where he pursued his studies from 1869 until 1871. He also pursued a theological course in that institution from 1.874 until 1876. At the close of his university course he received a call to the Lutheran church in Baltimore, Maryland, where he remained as the pastor until 1878. In 1878-9 he ministered to the spiritual needs of the Lutheran congregation in Troy, New York, and then returned to Ohio, being located at Circleville until 1881. In the latter year he was installed as the pastor of the church of Thornville, Perry county, Ohio, where he continued until 1885, when he was offered his present position in the Capital University. He has since been connected with his alma mater as one of. its instructors, and the efficiency of the work done in that institution is due in no small degree to his efforts. Professor Pflueger was married on the 12th of September, 1878, Miss Margaret A. Oehlschlaeger becoming his wife. Their marriage has been blessed with the following named children: Luther, born in Circleville, Ohio, August 26, 1879; Charles W., born in Circleville, February 11, 1881; Edwin B., born in Thornville, June 7, 1883; George A., born in Columbus, December 20, 1885 ; Jesse. P., born at Columbus, June 6, 1888; Martin T., born in Columbus, February 26, 1892 ; and Mary E. M., born January 7, 1895. Professor Pflueger is a man of strong individuality, of broad humanitarian principles, of keen discernment and of noble purpose, and these qualities have enabled him to exert a strong influence over the lives of those with whom he has come in contact. His classical learning, his deep human sympathy and his Christianity have been potent elements for good in aiding those who have come under his ministrations or instructions, and his life work has certainly made the world better. EVERETT T. TIDD, M. D. Dr. Tidd, of Columbus, was born in West Virginia, near Parkersburg, in. October, 1867, a son of Andrew C. Tidd and. a grandson of Chas Tidd. The former was born in Monroe county, Ohio, and after arriving at years of maturity married Philena Knowles, a native of Meigs county, Ohio. After their marriage they removed to West Virginia, where they remained for a few years, and the father carried on merchandising in Marysville. His death occurred in that city May 19, 190o, but his wife is still living, at the old homestead. She is a daughter of James and Harriet (Stone) Knowles. The Doctor spent his early boyhood days in the state of his nativity, where for a time he attended the public schools. He also continued, his education in private schools and later acted as his father's assistant in the store. Wishing to devote his energies to the practice of medicine, he began reading under the direction of Dr. E. W. Rine at Long Bottom, Ohio. In March, 1893, he was graduated in the Starling Medical College, at Columbus, and soon CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 61 afterward located in the capital city at No. 112 Schiller street, .and has conducted a general practice to the present time. On the 22d of November, 1898, Dr. Tidd was united in marriage t0 Miss Linna C. Sass, of Columbus, a daughter of Fred C. and Elizabeth Sass. Socially he is connected with Germania Lodge, No. 4, K. P. He is a young man, energetic, resolute, ambitious, and these qualities are salient features of a successful career. EMMETT A. BRENNEMAN. Among the most educated and respected residents. of Prairie township, Franklin county, Ohio, who have made a success of horticulture, must be mentioned Emmett A. Brenneman. The grandfather, Christian, and the father, Solomon, were both natives of York county, Pennsylvania, and both grew up as farmer boys, the latter engaging in the milling. business. The mother of our subject was Rebecca (Zeller) Brenneman, who came to Ohio with her parents, at the age of ten years, from Berks county, Pennsylvania. When the gold excitement swept through the country, Solomon Brenneman was amongst the first to go to the Golden State, California. The trip to the mines was overland, and for four years he mined in the most noted mines in that state. Returning with the benefits of his infinite labor, he then became the leading miller of Rickley's Mill, on the banks of the Scioto river; and later he purchased one hundred acres in Prairie township, living for eight years in a double log house, and then, tearing it down and replacing it by a brick residence, he enjoyed the new dwelling but two years when he was called away by death. The mother survived him until 1881. Mr. Brenneman was a Republican in his political views, and for some years both beloved parents were members of the Methodist church. Their children . were : Julia E., who is now Mrs. Koch and resides with our subject; Susan E., who is now Mrs. Fred Stauch; Emmett, the subject of this review, who was married June 5, 1901, to Laura Planck, of Franklin township, one of the most successful and exemplary teachers of that township for the past seven years ; and Edward G., who married Ella Colvin, all of whom reside in Prairie township. Emmett A. Brenneman, whose name introduces this record, was born on the 3d of February, 1866, and attended the district school until he was fifteen years old, after which he was obliged to remain at home. He was naturally very ambitious and studious, and of a very apt nature. He grew, like the great and admired character, Horace Greeley, occupying every spare moment at his books. He took a course in shorthand writing and for three years taught it by He also took up the scientific course of Chautauqua instruction, which he pursued through four years and received a diploma for the same. Owing to increasing farm duties he has been obliged to curtail his hours over his beloved books; yet his whole life in every respect remains as a model or guide to others. 62 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. In 1890 Mr. Brenneman engaged in the small-fruit business, and now has fifty-seven acres devoted to every profitable variety. He has been a member of the Lutheran church since youth, and has taught in the Sunday-schools since he was seventeen years old, and has become one of the best and most prominent church workers in the neighborhood in which he resides. In politics Mr. Brenneman calls himself an independent, although he cast his first vote for Harrison. He does not wish to be bound by any party lines and casts his ballot for the men he believes will best protect and defend the interests of the country. One of 'his greatest enjoyments is his understanding of scientific topics, and he owns a fine and complete library on these subjects. JOHN L. MILLER. No matter how much one may indulge in fantastic theorizing as to the cause of success, the superstructure of prosperity will be found to rest upon a foundation of earnest and indefatigable labor, of capable management and honorable dealing. It is thus that Mr. Miller has won a place among the substantial citizens of Franklin county and his record has ever been such as to command for him the respect, confidence and good will of those with whom he has been associated. He was born in Harlem township, Delaware county, Ohio, January 1, 1838, his parents being John and Nancy (Cockrell) Miller. The father was born in Muskingum county, in 1808, and when a youth of nine years removed to Delaware county with his parents, being there reared to manhood. After his marriage he settled on a farm of one hundred acres in Harlem township, where he remained for fifteen years, when the farm was sold for taxes and he purchased it, making it his place of abode up to the time of his death. After his purchase of the farm he removed the old cabin further from the road and erected a commodious frame residence. He also made many other substantial improvements upon the place, transforming it into a valuable property. He wedded Nancy Cockrell, who was born in Harlem township, Delaware county, in 1812, and was a representative of an old Virginia family. Her death occurred in 1862, and three of her five children are yet living, namely : John Leroy; Mathew A., a teacher of Fort Smith, Arkansas; and Sarah, the wife of Frank Haroun, of Delaware county. After the death of his first wife the father married Miss Hannah Barr, a native of Virginia, and she is still living, her home being in Centerville, Delaware county. The only child born of this marriage was Ida, the wife of Frank Orndorff, of Delaware county. The father died in March, 1880, and the community thereby lost one of its most valued and representative citizens. He gave his political support to the Democracy and in early life he joined the Presbyterian church, but during the war he withdrew from, that denomination and united with the Christian church, in which faith he died. For many years he served as a deacon and he took an active part in church work, doing all in his power to promote the CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 63 cause of Christianity among his fellow men. His word was as good as any bond that was ever solemnized by signature or seal. He was highly esteemed for his honesty and uprightness of character and. his example is. certainly well worthy of emulation. John Leroy Miller spent the days of his boyhood and youth upon the old homestead and early became familiar with the work of field and meadow, assisting in. the plowing in the spring time, in. the cultivation of the crops through the summer and in garnering the harvests in the autumn. His educational privileges were limited, as he had no opportunity to attend. school until his sixteenth year, for the school house was a mile and a half from his home and he was very frail, a frailty succeeded, however, by a vigorous manhood. After entering business life he realized the necessity and importance of education and did the most to improve his opportunities. Business experience, observation, reading and investigation in later years have made him a well informed man and he is now numbered among the intelligent and valued residents of his township'. On the 17th of February, 1859, Mr. Miller was united, in marriage to Miss Julia A. Adams, a native of Delaware county, Ohio, and a daughter of William and Sarah. Adams., the father now deceased, while the mother is in Westerville. Mr. and Mrs. Miller became the .parents of three children, but only one is now living, John R. The mother died in 1867, and on the 19th of March, 1868, Mr. Miller was joined in marriage to Miss Sarah J. Gorsuch, a native of Harlem township, Delaware county. Her death occurred in January, 1881, and on the 19th of March, 1884, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Miller and Miss Celia H. Dent, a native of Trenton township, Delaware county. Her father, Edward H. Dent, was born in Licking county, Ohio, and after his marriage took up his abode in Delaware county. Elder L. B. Hanover, who is still living, performed all three ceremonies for our subject. The children of the present marriage are Ethel D. and Leroy D., both of whom are attending school. After his marriage Mr. Miller resided upon a farm belonging to his father-in-law until the fall of 1866, when he operated William Hunt farm for a year. He subsequently worked on the Jonathan Batesson farm for a year, receiving three hundred, and fifty dollars for his services, and then removed to the Bigelow Bennett farm, near Centerville, renting that land. In 1868 he took up his abode on the farm now owned by Melvin B. Rich, in Harlem township, and a year later he removed to the Williams farm, for which le paid cash rent for two years. He made money in this way, it being his 1st notable success. In the spring of 1870 he removed to a tract of land in Plain township, Franklin county, owned by his father-in-law, Thomas Goruch. In 1868 he began operating a thresher and soon afterward began the manufacture of lumber, conducting a sawmill during the winter season for two ears. He continued his threshing operations to a greater or less extent until 1895, when his interests at home demanded his attention and he gave up that 64 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. industry. After two years spent upon his father-in-law's place he purchased fifty-six acres of his present farm, for which he paid seventy-five dollars per acre. He made a cash payment of five hundred dollars, giving his note for the balance, and as he prospered he cleared off all indebtedness and added to the place until the homestead now comprises two hundred and sixty-two acres of valuable land. He also owns one hundred and fifty-six acres in Delaware county, which he purchased in 1885. He has been engaged in buying and selling stock and has been an extensive feeder of hogs, finding this a very profitable source of income. He is also one of the directors of the Westerville Bank and owns residence property in Westerville. In his political views Mr. Miller is a Democrat, giving an .unswerving support to the principles of his party. He served as township trustee for fifteen years and has often been solicited to become a candidate for other offices, but has always refused: Fraternally he is connected with Caledonia Lodge, No. 416, F. & A. M.; of New Albany, and he belongs to Mispah Chapter, No. 38, Order of the Eastern Star, of Westerville. Handicapped in his youth by a tack of education, he has, nevertheless, conquered an adverse fate, working his way steadily upward to affluence. His life history stands in exemplification of what may be accomplished through determined and earnest purpose when guided by sound judgment. In all his dealings he has sustained an unassailable reputation and his worth as a business man and' citizen is widely known. WILLIAM O. THOMPSON. The Rev. William Oxley Thompson is one who has devoted his life to the work of the ministry and to the task of instructing the young along lines of mental advancement which are the source of preparation for the responsible duties which devolve upon each individual as he puts aside the textbooks to take up the work which must follow the labors of the school room. He is numbered among Ohio's native sons and has gained more than a statewide reputation as a minister and teacher. He was born in Cambridge, Guernsey county, Ohio, September 5, 1855, and is a son of David Glenn and Agnes Miranda Thompson. His paternal grandfather, David Thompson, was a native of the north of Ireland, and on emigrating to America took up his abode in Guernsey county, in the year 1813. He was a weaver by trade, but became a farmer upon his removal to the Buckeye state. His son, David Glenn Thompson, was born May 7, 1814, and spent his life in Guernsey, Muskingum and Licking counties, his death occurring in New Concord, Ohio, on the 25th of October, 1892. Upon leaving the farm he learned the trade of shoemaker and followed that occupation throughout his active business career. Ho enlisted as a soldier in the National Guards in 1864, becoming a member of the One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment, with which he served chiefly in the Shenandoah valley. He married Agnes Miranda Oxley, a daughter CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 65 of Joel Murrey Oxley, who was born January 6, 1808, in Smithfield, Jefferson county, Ohio, and was a woolen manufacturer. Mrs. Thompson's birth occurred March 26, 1824, and she now resides in New Concord, Ohio. William Oxley Thompson was educated in the village schools of New Concord, Ohio, and of Brownsville. In early youth he worked upon a farm until he was able to attend college. When he found it possible to continue his studies he entered Muskingum College, where he completed the classical course and won the degree of bachelor of arts. in 1878, being graduated at the head of his class. In 1872 he went to Lawn Ridge, Illinois, where he was employed as a farm hand through the summer months and in the winter devoted his attention to teaching school. In this. way he gained the capital necessary to enable him to continue his studies. Wishing to devote his life to a work that would benefit his fellow men, he pursued the study of theology in the Western Theological Seminary, in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, where he was graduated: in the class of 1882. His alma matey conferred upon him the degree of master of arts in 1881 and that of doctor of divinity in 1891, while the Western University of Pennsylvania, at Allegheny City, conferred upon him the honorary degree of doctor of laws in 1897. After completing his course in the theological school Mr. Thompson went as a home missionary to Odelbolt, Iowa, where he remained until 1885. He was licensed by the presbytery of Zanesville, at Dresden, on the 13th of April, 1881, and was ordained by the presbytery of Fort Dodge, in Fort Dodge, Iowa, July 13, 1882. In 1885 he removed to Longmont, Colorado, where he served as the pastor for a little more than six years, during four years of which time he was also the president of the newly projected Longmont College. In 1891 he was called to the presidency of the Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, where he served until 1899, when he was offered and accepted the presidency of the Ohio State University, at Columbus, and is now thus connected with the educational work of the state. He has not only maintained but has raised the high standard of this institution and is continually in touch with the progress that is being made in educational circles. He is not only a man of broad scholarly attainments but also of broad humanitarian principles, and he regards education not merely as the acquisition of knowledge but as a preparation for life that one may correctly perform the duties which come to him, gain success and develop a character that commands the admiration and respect of the world. JOHN E. BECKWITH. One of the oldest passenger engineers in the Pennsylvania Railroad service is John E. Beckwith, who resides at No. 821 North Fourth street, in Columbus. He was born July 17, 1835, in Somerset, Ohio, and represents one of the honored and prominent old families of the state. His grandfather, Hon. David Beckwith, was for a number of years judge of the court of com- 66 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. mon pleas of Perry county, Ohio, and died at his home in that county in 1818. John Beckwith, the father of our subject, was born in Bedford county, Pennsylvania, May 9, 1791, and prior to the second war with. England he located in Perry county, Ohio. 'During the war of 1812 he joined the service under Colonel Joel Strong. In July, 1818, he was.. appointed clerk of the courts of Perry county and acceptably acted in that. capacity for ten years. Then, after an interval of four years, he was reappointed, in 1832, continuing in the office until 1839. Once more, in 1848, he was appointed to that office. His service in the one office covered about' a third of a century; and the fact that he was several times re-elected after an interval in which some one else held the office shows that his work was regarded .as superior to that of any other incumbent. He died December .3, 1873, and his wife, Mrs. Isabel 'Beckwith, who. was born in Middletown, Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, passed away on the 15th of December, 1880. They had three sons and three daughters, namely : John E.; David, who died at the age of five years; Joel, who died in 1854; Emma, now deceased, who became the wife of Benjamin Stone, who died September 29, 1849, and on the 14th of August, 1853, she became the wife of Dr. Dorsey, now a resident of Dalta, Dalta county, Colorado, who served in the Third Ohio Infantry in the Civil war ; Catherine, the widow of J. H. O'Neill, a prominent attorney of Somerset, Ohio, who once represented his county in the state legislature; and Elizabeth, the wife of Dr. Spellman, formerly of. Somerset but now a resident of Fort Wayne, Indiana. John E. Beckwith of this review acquired his early education in the state of his birth and began work in the employ of a railroad company on the 9th of February, 1862, acting as a fireman on the Piqua division of the Panhandle road under Engineer James Heavy, with whom he ran until 1863. He was then placed on a passenger engine under Engineer James Gormerly, continuing on that run until the middle of May, 1865, when he was made yard engineer in the Piqua yards of Columbus. He acted in that capacity for twelve Months, when he was promoted to the position of engineer in the roundhouse in Columbus, serving until January, 1867, when he was made road engineer. In January, 1871, he was appointed engineer on the passenger train and has continuously served in that way since. He has, never had a wreck or collision and has never sustained any personal injuries while in the railroad employ. For a quarter of a century he has been a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. The great care which he exercises in performing his duties is indicated by the fact that his work has been entirely- free' from accident of any description. On the 3d of July, 1857, in Cincinnati; Ohio, by Archbishop Purcell, Mr. Beckwith was 'united in marriage to Miss Mary Clossick, and unto them have been born the following named : Mary I:, born April 2, 1870 ; John. H., May 1, 1872; Lillian C., February 24, 1876; and William F., December 17 1878. CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 67 The elder daughter was married, by the Rev. Father J. B. Eis, n the 15th of October, 1896, to John C. Cornell, and their children are: Mary C., born August 3o, 1897; Isabel M., October 30 1898; and John D., September 2, 1900. John H. Beckwith, the elder son of .the family, was married October 18, 1893, to Miss Cora Belle Mellon, of Columbus, where they now reside. The Rev. Father J. B. Eis also performed that ceremony. Mr. Beckwith joined the Methodist church when a young man but is not now a member of any church, while his wife and children are all members of the Sacred Heart Catholic church of this city... Mr. Beckwith's connection with railroad service covers almost forty years, during which time he has gained a reputation in the line of his chosen calling that is indeed creditable and enviable. JOSEPH WRIGHT. Among those who have in former years been prominent in the business affairs of Franklin county, and are now numbered among those who have made their way to that "undiscovered country from whose bourne no traveler returns," is Joseph Wright. He came to Franklin county in 1846 and took up his abode in Clinton township in 1854, being long identified with its agricultural interests. At that time he purchased fifty acres of partially improved land and to its further development He cultivation he gave his energies, making it a very valuable property. He married Miss Nancy M. Sharp and when they came to Franklin county they were the parents of three children, namely: Samuel P., Mary A. and Rosetta M. The elder daughter became the wife of Levi Johnson and died in April, 1900, while Rosetta is the wife of Martin Rauck, who resides in Mifflin township. Mrs. Wright was a daughter of Cornelius Sharp, one of the pioneer settlers of Ohio, who came to the west from New York. He located in Blendon, Franklin county, where his wife died. Mr; Sharp had a family of children, namely : James, Peter, Cornelius, Carlyle, Anson and Nancy M. For his second wife Mr. Sharp chose Mrs. Munger, a widow. He lived in Franklin county throughout his remaining days and, died in January, 1869, on the old homestead which joined the farm now occupied by his grandson, Samuel Wright. He was a man of deep religious convictions and in early life was an exhorter in the Methodist Episcopal church. At the time of the war of 1812 he entered his country's service and participated in the battle of Plattsburg. In his political affiliations) he was a Democrat, giving unswerving support to the principles of the party. Joseph Wright and his wife also held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and were exemplary Christian people, widely known and honored for their many excellencies of character. The former died in July, 1896, at the age of seventy-eight years, and his wife passed away in February, 1884, at the age of sixty-five. Samuel P. Wright, their only son and eldest child, was born in Sun- 68 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY bury, Delaware county, Ohio, March 20, 1843, and in 1846 was brought by his parents to Franklin county where he pursued his education in the public schools and assisted in the work of the home farm until the inauguration of the Civil war when his patriotic spirit was aroused by the attempt of the rebellious south to overthrow the Union. He enlisted in May, 1864, when twenty-one years of age, becoming a member of the boys in blue, of Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for one hundred days' service. He was soon transferred to the seat of war, the command being first .located at Parkersburg, West. Virginia, and afterward attached to General Butler's army. He saw active service during his entire term and was honorably discharged at its close in August, 1864. Samuel Wright was married on the 26th of February, 1868, to Miss Leora A. Mock, who was born in Franklin county in 1848, a daughter of Joseph and Minerva (Innis) Mock, early settlers of the county. Her father was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, being a son of Michael Mock, a native of Pennsylvania, who at an early day came with his family to Franklin county, Ohio, locating in Clinton township, upon a farm. He was among the first settlers in this portion of the state and secured his land from the government. Not -a furrow had been turned nor an improvement made thereon, but he cleared and improved the fields and in the course of time his labors were rewarded by bounteous harvests.. There he lived through the remainder of his days. In his family were the following children : Michael, Elizabeth, Catherine, Jacob, John, who remained in Pennsylvania, Samuel, Joseph and Mary. Joseph Mock was a young lad when he came to Franklin county with his parents. He married Miss Minerva Innis, a daughter of the Rev. Henry and Isabel (Pegg) Innis. The young couple began their domestic life upon a farm and spent their remaining days in Franklin county. Mr. Mock served for three months in the Civil war as a member of Company A, of the One Hundred and Thirty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was then honorably discharged. In the family were six children, namely : Melissa L., the deceased wife of L. S. Wood ; Clifford, who died at the age of twelve months ; Leora A., the wife of S. P. Wright ; Henry A., who married Eliza Swartz and is now deceased ; Ida, the wife of J. V. Harrison; and Charles E., who married Rebecca Martin. The father of this, family died on. September 23, 1885, at the age of sixty-seven years, his birth having occurred in 1818. His wife was born in 1819 and died in 1879. Both were members of the Methodist Episcopal church, being long identified with that organization, and their lives were consistent with their profession. Mr. Mock was a stanch Republican and took an active interest in political affairs, doing all in his power to advance the work of his party. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Wright has been blessed with ten children, of whom eight are living, as follows : Minerva M., the wife of E. G. Burwell; Mary A., the wife of Armie Burwell; Emerett N., the wife of L. E. Rhodes ; Leora L., the wife of C. W. Miles ; Carlisle and S. Leroy at home; CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 69 Earl C. and Williard F., at home; Ida R. died December 31, 1898, at the age of thirteen years ; and Joseph M. died in 1869 two days after birth. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wright. have membership connection with the Methodist Episcopal church, to which the latter has belonged since twelve years of age He is a member of Henry C. Burr Post, No. 711, G. A. R., of Worthington, Ohio. His farm comprises one hundred and thirty-six acres of land all of which is under a high state of cultivation and the many fine improvements thereon are in keeping with the progressive spirit of the age. ALVIN LEE NICHOLS. Prominent among the business men of Grove City is numbered A. L. Nichols, a general merchant of that place. No one is better known in this vicinity, for his entire life has been spent here, and all his interests from boyhood have been closely associated with this locality. n business affairs he has met with excellent success, and by the energy and zeal he has manifested he has won the confidence and esteem of the public. A native of Franklin county, Mr. Nichols was born in Jackson township November 2, 1859, and is a son of William and Sarah (Alkire) Nichols!, the former a native of Lewis county, West Virginia, the latter of Franklin county, Ohio. His paternal grandfather was. Philip- Nichols, a native of Virginia. The maternal grandfather, Jesse Alkire, came from West Virginia to Ohio at a very early day, and became one of the pioneers of Franklin county. He located in the forest of Franklin township, and there cleared and improved a farm. When about sixteen years of age he took up his residence. in this county, where he worked at his trade as a plasterer, and also owned and operated a mill at Grove City for a number of years. Politically he was a supporter of the Democratic party, and as one of the leading citizens of his community he was called upon to fill several local offices, serving as township trustee and. a member of the school board. for some time. He died July 19, 1900, honored and respected by all who knew him. His wife is still living and makes her home in Grove City. In their family were two children : Alvin Lee, our subject; and Alice, at home with her mother. Alvin L. Nichols was reared in his native township, and began his education in the public schools of Grove City. Later he attended business college for some time, and pursued a course at the normal school in Lebanon, where he was fitted for teaching. At the age of sixteen he turned his attention to that profession, his first school being in Jackson. township, and for ten years he continued to engage in teaching in Truro,. Franklin and Jackson townships, the last three years being employed, in the Grove City school. Before laying aside that pursuit he embarked in merchandising at Grove City, and has conducted a general store at that place for sixteen years, his father being a partner in the business for a time Mr. Nichols has also been interested in the lumber business, at one time operating three sawmills, in which 70 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. were sawed the lumber for the trestle on Big Run, about one-fourth of a mile long. He has owned an interest in other business enterprises, including the canning company of Grove. City, which during the busy season furnishes employment to eighty hands. He is also a member of the Grove City Fair. Association, of which he was president two years, and is one of the most prominent and influential business men of the place. In June, 1890, Mr. Nichols married Miss Nora Cruces, and to them have been born four children„ namely : Pearl, Lorene, Mabel and Beatrice. The parents are both members of the Presbyterian church and in the social circle of Grove City occupy an enviable position. Mr. Nichols' popularity has been shown by his election to important official position. He served as mayor of the city for two years and during his administration did more in the way of improvements than had been accomplished in the ten years previous. As a member of the city council he took an active part in advancing the interests of the place, and has always given a liberal support to any enterprise for the public benefit. He also served as clerk of Jackson township seven years, township treasurer two years, and is now a member of the school board of Grove City, and the Democratic candidate for county treasurer. Politically he has always been a stanch supporter of the Democracy, and for eight years he held the office of postmaster of Grove City. Fraternally he is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is the patentee of a tally sheet used in the election precincts throughout Ohio known as the Nichols talley sheet, and has also copyrighted a school register, with many new and interesting features. In all his undertakings he has prospered thus far, his excellent success being but the logical result of his careful and correct business methods, and he now occupies an enviable position in business, political and social circles. CLARK WORTHINGTON. Clark Worthington was born January 3,1855, on the old family homestead in Pleasant township, which is still his place of abode. His father, Robert Worthington, an own cousin of Governor Worthington, of Ohio, was born near Doylestown, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, November 9, 1813, and there remained until he had attained his majority. His privileges and opportunities were few, for his father died when. the son was but seventeen years of age, and Robert Worthington was then bound out to Thomas Kilbourne, of that county, remaining and working upon his farm until he was twenty-one years of age. He also studied surveying to some extent. On attaining his majority he started for' Ohio, traveling part of the way by stage and cars and walked the remaining distance. He was accompanied by John Madlock, a youth of his own age. On reaching his destination Mr. Worthington secured employment. on the farm of John Stump, of Pleasant township, where he remained for a year, receiving eight dollars per month in compensation CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 71 for his services. He then went to Clinton county and worked for lour years, driving a team and there he received from thirteen to fifteen dollars per month. He afterward returned to the home of Mr. Stump and married his daughter Ann, the marriage being celebrated March 12, 1839.She was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and there remained. until thirteen years of age, when with her parents, John and Catherine (Walters) Stump, she came to Pleasant township, Franklin county, Ohio, where she grew to womanhood. After his marriage Robert Worthington purchased one hundred and twenty-five acres of wild land, now owned by Charles E. Worthington, and in the midst of the forest he erected a cabin home sixteen by eighteen feet. It was built of hewed logs and contained two rooms, the house being heated by a fireplace, over which the meals were also cooked. He cleared and developed his farm and was familiar with many of the struggles and hardships incident to pioneer life. The work of cutting away the forest trees and preparing the soil for cultivation, however, he lived to see, the entire district in which he located being transformed into oniof the best farming portions of Ohio. Quick to note and improve opportunities he made the most of his advantages and became very successful. In 1857 he removed to his farm of one hundred and twelve and a half acres at Pleasant Corners, for which he paid six dollars and a quarter per acre. As the years passed, however, he added to his landed. possessions until his accumulations comprised five hundred and twenty acres. His business and executive ability was superior and his enterprise and keen discrimination enabled him to advance steadily upon the path to prosperity. Upon the homestead at Pleasant Corners he remained until his death, October 24, 1888, and was actively associated with the cultivation of his land until that time. He took an active interest in politics, being a stalwart Democrat, and for several years he served as trustee of his township, while through a long period he acted as school director, but would never consent to become a candidate for a county office. He was reared in the faith of the Society of Friends, but was liberal to all churches, giving, freely of his means in support of the various denominations and for charitable purposes. His wife held membership in the Methodist Episcopal church, and survived her husband about thirteen months. He was a useful citizen in his neighborhood, had the marked regard of many friends and the deep love of his family, for he was a tender and considerate husband and father. Mr. and Mrs. Worthington became the parents of six children : Jane, now the wife of Maurice Bradfield, who is living near West Jefferson, Ohio; John W., who married Harriet England, and served as. a soldier in the Civil war and died on the home farm; Mary C., who became the wife of Jacob White, and died at Pleasant Corners, in 1900; George., who married Sarah Ann Smith and lives in Pleasant township; Sarah, who became the wife of William Rush, and died in Pickaway county, Ohio ; and Clark, of this review. When our subject was in his third year his parents removed to Pleasant Corners, and when he had attained the usual age he entered school there, 72 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY continuing his studies until twenty years of age. During the summer months he assisted in the work of the home farm. At Pleasant Corners, on the 21st of February, 1878, he married Miss Josephine Wade, of Pleasant township, a daughter of Abner and Annie (Gorrell) Wade. For eleven years after their marriage Mr. Worthington remained with his father and. at the latter's. death took possession of the farm, which was his share of the estate. He built his present. home in 1892 and has a very fine homestead which stands in the midst of highly cultivated fields. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Worthington have been born seven children, namely : Grace, now the wife of Harry E. Cardiff, of Ashville, North Carolina;. Elmer C., who was killed by lightning at the age of fourteen years; Mary C.; Hattie M.; Leona; Carmen McDowell; and Reva Nell. The parents hold membership in the United Brethren church, in which Mr. Worthington is serving, as trustee and treasurer. In politics he is a zealous advocate of the Democracy; and for six years has served as trustee of Pleasant township. He was re-elected in the ,spring of 1901, for another term of three years, and his public duties have ever been discharged in a manner highly satisfactory. EMILIUS O. RANDALL. Emilius Oviatt Randall, a lawyer, professor and editor, was born at Richfield, Ohio, October 28, 1850, the only son of David Austin and Harriet Newton (Oviatt) Randall. His mother was the daughter of Captain Heman Oviatt, who emigrated from Connecticut to Hudson, Ohio, in 1800. Her grandfather served in the continental troops, while on the paternal side, two great-grandfathers, John Randall and Patrick Pemberton, fought in the Revolutionary war. Emilius Randall was brought to Columbus when but a few weeks old and it has been his home ever since. His education was begun in the public schools of Columbus; and he was prepared for college in Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts, entered Cornell University in the fall of 1870, and graduated in the literary course of that university with a degree of Ph.. B., and later pursuing a two-years course, post-graduate, there and also in Europe. From 1878 to 1890 Mr. Randall gave his attention to merchandising and literary pursuits in Columbus, and in the intervals of business read law under the direction of Frank C. Hubbard, of the Columbus bar. He was admitted to practice by the supreme court of Ohio, June 5, 1890, and was graduated at the law school of the Ohio State University in 1892 with the degrees of LL. B. and LL. M. He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi college fraternities. In 1892 he was made instructor of commercial law in his legal alma 'mater and professor of commercial law in the same institution in 1895. Mr. Randall has received so many honors and appointments from his CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 73 fellow citizens and legal associates that there is no doubt of the esteem in which he is held. On the 14th of May, 1895, he was appointed reporter of the supreme court of Ohio by the judges of that court, and he has edited and published twelve volumes of the decisions of the court. He was elected the president of the Columbus Board of Trade for the year 1,887 and was a member of the board, of education of, Columbus from 1887 to 1889, declining a re-election. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the Columbus Library, having been first elected to that office in 1884 by the city council and re-elected every two years since that time, and is also a member of the American Bar Association, the American Library Association, American Historical Association, Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and the Ohio State Bar Association. In February, 1893, he was appointed by Governor McKinley a trustee of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, to which position he was reappointed by Governor Bushnell in February, 1896, and has acted as the secretary of that socety since February, 1894, also editing six volumes of that society's publications. He is the author of several monographs on literary and historical subjects. In politics Mr. Randall is a Republican. He was a member of the committee of seven chosen by the Columbus Constitutional Convention in January, 1891, to draft the charter of the present municipal government of the city.. Mr. Randall's preparation for practice at the bar was far superior to that of the average lawyer. His literary attainments were broad and high ; his judgment was mature; his experience in affairs large and varied; he knew much of business and of men; he was familiar with the practical side of life through the intercourse of business and trade. This accumulation of experience was invaluable and gave him at once a standing at the bar. which young lawyers without such aids attain only after years of effort and struggle. He is patient and a thorough student of the problems of law, his mind being trained to study and investigate is satisfied with nothing less than a clear understanding of the principles and the philosophy of constitutional and statute law. He is widely known as a lecturer,' is a ready and entertaining speaker and is especially successful as an after-dinner orator, and is as gifted with his pen as with his tongue. Mr. Randall was married, October. 28, 1874, to Mary, a daughter of John H. and Catherine A. (Granger) Coy, of Ithaca, New York, and they have three children, Rita, a daughter, and two sons,--Davd Austin and Sherman Bronson Randall. DENNIS J. CLAHANE. The subject of the present sketch, Dennis J. Clahane, is a prominent business man and public official of the city of Columbus, Ohio. He was born in this city in 1851, a son of James and Mary (Hanlon) Clahane, both of whom were born in Ireland, having emigrated from that country to America when young. They married in Boston, Massachusetts, where they resided until 1846, when they came to Columbus, Ohio. Here Mr. Clahane pur- 74 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. chased a small tract of vacant property on what is now West Broad street; which later became very valuable, and upon this he located and here reared his family. His death occurred in 1893, his wife surviving him until 1898. Both of them had been devout and consistent members of the Holy Family Catholic church and they left a large circle of mourning friends, who. had respected them during life and. will long cherish their memory. Our subject, Dennis J. Clahane, received his education iri the excellent public schools of his native city, graduating at the high school with credit. He then entered the store of his father, who was engaged in the grocery business, and remained: in his employ until 1892, at which time he formed a partnership with his, brother, John E., under the firm name of D. & J. Clahane, retail and wholesale grocers, at 295-7 West Broad street, Columbus, Ohio, which continues at the present time. The firm has built up a fine business and have an extensive patronage. Mr. Clahane is a progressive and enterprising man and works faithfully for the best interests of the city, of which he is pardonably proud. He was instrumental in the organization of the Hanover Pressed Brick Company in 1892, and upon the organization of the same he was made its president, which responsible position he holds at the present time. The business has grown to vast proportions and is now reckoned among the important industries of the city. One of the finest flat buildings of the city, on West Broad street, was erected by Mr. Clahane, in 1898. It is modern in every way, an ornament to the locality. In conjunction with this most valuable piece of real estate Mr. Clahane is the owner of other property and deals in holdings for others. In 1898 he erected his beautiful residence, which is both convenient, with all the improvements of the latest utility, and attractive both outside and within. The marriage of Mr. Clahane took place in 1896, Miss Ethel Dennis, a daughter of Hugh Dennis, an old and prominent citizen, becoming his wife. Mr. Clahane has always taken a very active part in all political matters, is a strong Republican, and in 1897 was made chairman of the Republican executive committee. From 1888 to 1892 he served as a member Of the city council, of which he was president one year. In May, 1900, Mayor Samuel J. Schwartz appointed him to .the position of sewer commissioner, which position he has filled acceptably ever since. He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, a progressive citizen and an honest and efficient official. LORENZO TAYLOR. Lorenzo Taylor is numbered among the native sons of Franklin county, his birth having occurred July 28, 1828, upon the farm where J. Buren Taylor now resides. He is one of eight children whose parents were Anthony W. and Melinda (Trumbo) Taylor, but only three of the number are yet living, namely : Lorenzo, J. Buren and. Rose F., the last named being the wife of  CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 75 Robert White, a retired business man of Worthington, Franklin county. The father was born in Hardy county, Virginia, July 16, 1797, and was a son of Caleb C. Taylor, a well known teacher of the Old Dominion who spent his last days in Missouri. Anthony W. Taylor was reared under the parental roof and in early life learned the tanner's trade. About 1818 he came to Ohio, locating in Cincinnati, where he followed his trade for a year, after which he returned to Virginia, and in 1820 he was. united in marriage to Miss Melinda Trumbo. Two years later, in 1822, he came to Franklin county, Ohio, with his wife and one son, and here purchased a farm of one hundred acres in Plain township, the place being now occupied by his son, J. Buren. Casting in his lot with the early settlers, he lived in true pioneer style, his home being a log cabin fourteen by sixteen feet, standing in the midst of the virgin forest. About six years later he erected a more pretentious hewed-log house of two stories, it being then considered one of the best residences in this locality. On the old home he then established a tannery and continued business along that line for several years. n his farming operations he was likewise successful and was known as an excellent business manager. His investments were judiciously made and he became the owner Of one thousand acres of land, which in later life he largely divided among his children. He passed away March 4, 1883, in his eighty-sixth year. The pike on which his home was located and which was begun prior to his death is named in his honor, being called the Wayne Taylor free pike. In politics he was a Jacksonian Democrat and kept well informed on the issues of the day, but refused all offices. His life was partially given to Christian work, however, for he was a minister in the old school Baptist church and filled the pulpit for more than, half a century, riding on horseback through this section of the country in the early pioneer days in order that he might proclaim the gospel to the settlers living upon the frontier. He never received a dollar for his church work, but did it through love of the cause and his fellow men. His wife, who was born in Rockingham county, Virginia, July 28, 1800, was a daughter of John Trumbo, a farmer and slave holder of Rockingham county, where he spent his entire life. Mrs. Taylor died April 24, 1874. She, too, was a member of the Baptist church and an earnest Christian, woman whose many excellent characteristics gained her uniform regard and esteem. The boyhood days of Lorenzo Taylor were quietly passed upon the home farm and in the common schools near by he pursued his education. He assisted his father until his marriage, which occurred June 24, 1858; Miss Martha E. Whitsell becoming his wife. She is a native of Truro township, Franklin county, and. a daughter of Daniel Whitsell, who emigrated from the vicinity of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, about 1800, and took up his abode in Ross county, where he remained until after his marriage, when he came to Franklin county. Two children graced the union of Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, but only one is now living, Herman W., who married Carrie E. Harward and now operates the home farm. 76 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. After his marriage Mr. Taylor located upon his present farm, then comprising one hundred and forty-seven acres of land, which had been deeded to him by his father. He took up his abode in an unpretentious log cabin and lived therein for about six years,. after which he burned the brick and built his magnificent country seat, his home being one of the finest in this section of the state. He has been very successful in his farming operations and everything about the place indicates his thrift and careful supervision. Fine buildings stand upon his land and are surrounded by well tilled fields, which yield to him a golden tribute. In politics he is a Democrat and for twenty-one consecutive years has served as justice of the peace. He is a member of the Baptist church and the principles of Christianity have permeated his career, making his life record one that has awakened admiration and respect and is well worthy of emulation. JOSEPH MYERS. Joseph Myers was born in Circleville, Pickaway county, Ohio, November 18, 1819, and died July 31, 1878, the community thereby losing one of its valued and representative citizens, a man who had been honored and respected by all who knew him. He represented an old family of Pennsylvania, his father, Mathias Myers, having been born in the Keystone state, whence he emigrated to Pickaway county, Ohio, at an early period in its development. Mr. Myers, of this review, became a resident of Franklin county in 1850. He was a bridge contractor and built almost all the old wooden bridges in the county. As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life he chose Miss Sarah J. Needles, their marriage being celebrated on the 6th of January, 1851. The lady is a daughter of William D. Needles, who was a leading and influential farmer of Madison township, Franklin county. He was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 20th of January, 1799, and died in Columbus, on the 6th of January, 1866, from the effects of a fall on. his own doorstep. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Collins, was born near Lancaster, Ohio, November 20, 1802. They became the parents of ten children : Sarina, who died in 'infancy ; Emily ; William D.; Mrs. Myers ; Delilah Ann; Matilda A. ; Mary Eliza; Rebecca C. ; Elmira Miria and Melvina S., twins. Mrs. Myers is the only living child of her father's family. She was educated in the district schools of Madison township and spent her girlhood days in Franklin county, where, in 1851, she gave her hand in marriage to Joseph Myers. Their union was blessed with twelve children : Alonzo, the eldest, now living in Truro township, married Lizzie Hickman, and they have three children, Seymore, Edith and Daniel. Winall P., a resident of Truro township, married Katie Lyda, and they have two children,—Clarence R. and Viola May. Paulena died in infancy. Mary is the deceased wife of John Rohr, a farmer of Madison township, and they have three children,—Elmer DeWitt, Joseph D. and Florence Alice. William D., deceased, married Mat- CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 77 tie Friend, who died four years later, leaving no children. Joseph Clinton is engaged in the livery business in Columbus, Ohio. James Hubert married Abbie Southard and has four children,—Norma, Ira Jay, Marie Drexell and Helena Jane. John Fletcher is now deceased. Viola Jane is the wife of Mr. Nau and resides on Oakwood avenue, in Columbus, with their two children, Walter Lee and Flora Alice. Eli is upon the home farm. Ira has also passed away. Leland R. is now visiting in California, but his home is in Truro township. Mrs. Myers has traveled quite extensively, having made one visit to California and been west three other times, while in 1893 she spent some time at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Since seventeen years of age she has been a member of the Methodist church and has taken an active part in its work. When she and her .husband first located at their present home the roads were an old form of .corduroy, being made of logs. The first schoolhouse in which she pursued her studies, was a log building, and amid the wild scenes of the frontier she was reared, spending her youth on a farm which was being reclaimed from its wild condition for purposes of civilization. She has watched with interest the progress of events as the years have gone by and is still numbered among the honored early settlers. EMERY J. SMITH. The ancestry of the Smith family to which the subject of this sketch belongs can be traced back, to David Smith, who was born in Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. At the time of the great Wyoming massacre the members of his father's family were all killed save himself. With David Landon, a boy of about his own age, he was carried into captivity ; but on the expiration of six months they ran away and succeeded in reaching their old home. David Smith, having arrived at years of maturity, wedded Sarah Murphy and afterward emigrated to Ohio. He purchased 'a large farm bordering on what has since been called Yankee street in Galena, Delaware county. There he brought up his eight children,—David, Daniel, John, Alva, James, Chester, Sarah and Denurza. James, of the foregoing list, married .Melinda, the eldest daughter of Marshall and Polly Black, of Orange township, Delaware county, and they had two children,—Marshall and George. The mother died in 1852, and the father afterward married Betsy Blanchard, the widow of Edwin Blanchard and a daughter of Levi and Polly Rose, of Granville, Ohio. They had one child, Levi R. Smith. Marshall Smith, the father of our subject, was born in Sunbury, Delaware county, Ohio, November 5, 1837, and in early life began merchandising in his native town. He also successfully managed, a farm. In 1895 he removed to Westerville and soon afterward became the president of the Bank of Westerville, succeeding his eldest son, Emery J. Smith, in that position. 78 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. The latter had established the business in 1886 and had successfully managed it until 1895. Marshall Smith is a thirty-second-degree Mason and an enthusiastic member of the Order of the Eastern Star. On the 14th of February, 1861, at Granville, Ohio, Mr. Smith married Miss Elvira Abbie Thrall, and they have had the following children : Emery J., who was born January 16, 1862; Hugh E., born August 6, 1863 ; William A., May 29, 1867; and Marshall A., May 23, 1869: All were born on a farm near Sunbury, Ohio, and are now engaged with their father and uncle, L. R. Smith, in the manufacture and sale of fertilizers. This company was organized in 1895, under the name of The Ohio Farmers' Fertilizer Company, with a capital stock of five hundred thousand dollars. Employment is furnished to two hundred and fifty men. The plant is located in Columbus, covers twelve acres and has a capacity of seven hundred and fifty tons a day. The output for 1895 was two thousand tons, but in 1900 was twenty-five thousand tons, and shipments were made to twelve different states. The machinery and apparatus are most modern and of the most highly approved patterns. The demand for the products of the factory is increasing so steadily that additions are constantly being made to the plant, and the output is continually increasing. The present officers are : Emery J. Smith, president; Levi R. Smith, vice-president; William A. Smith, secretary ; Marshall Smith, Sr., treasurer ; and Marshall Smith, Jr., assistant treasurer. The offices of the company are located in the Shultz building on North High street, where a large staff of employes carry on the office work with perfect system. Emery J. Smith, the eldest son, acquired his education in the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, this state, and June 2, 1886, was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Jane Hardy, at the home of her uncle, the Rev. I. V. K. Seeley, a mile north of Westerville. She was educated at Shepardson College, a school for young ladies at Granville, this state. They now have six children, namely : Joy Hardy and Elvira Thrall, twins, born April 8, 1889 ; Wayland Marshall, born June 4, 1891 ; Niles Emery, born February 5, 1895; Donald Hugh, born November 12, 1896; and Ernestine Jane, July 20, 1900. All were born at Westerville, Ohio. In the spring of 1901 Mr. Emery J. Smith, with his family, removed to Columbus and now resides at 755 Dennison avenue. He is a member of Blendon Lodge, No. 339, F. & A. M.; of Horeb Chapter, No. 3, R. A. M.; and Mount Vernon Commandery, No. 1, K. T. Hugh E. Smith, the second son, was educated in Sunbury, Ohio, and in early manhood became his father's partner in his dry-goods store, but left that enterprise in order to go to Columbus, where he has since been engaged in the real-estate business, being recognized as one of the leading financiers of :this city. He married Miss Ina Z. Gunter, at the home of her father, William Gunter, of Oswego, Indiana, August 15, 1888. She was educated in Shepardson College, and now has three children : Lois Elvira, born October 9, 1889; Paul Alden, March 1, 1895; and Lloyd Ovid, July 23, 1899. CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 79 William A. Smith, the third son, is a graduate of the high school of Sunbury, Ohio, and attended: a commercial college at Cleveland. Immediately after leaving that institution he became the cashier of the Farmers' Bank at Sunbury, where he remained for a number of years, until he became the cashier of the Bank of Westerville at Westerville, this state, in which capacity he is still serving. The other officers are : Marshall Smith, Sr., president; and Emery J. Smith and David Seeley, vice-presidents. He was married to Miss Weltha Pinney, at the home of her father, Perry Pinney, four miles south of Westerville, and they now have three children : Marian, Elvira, born October 13, 1897; Mildred: Clorinda, March 15; 1899; and Eleanor Frances, June 2, 1900. Marshall A. Smith, the youngest of the four sons, was graduated at the Sunbury high school and then became an equal partner with his father in the dry-goods business. He was married, October 16, 1893, to Cora May, a daughter of Newton Smith, of Columbus, and their marriage has been blessed with three children : Harold A., born July 24, 1896; Hurtha Marcia, January 6, 1898; and Marjorie Elvira, December 26, 1899. The members of the Smith family have been important factors in the business activity of Sunbury, W.esterville and Columbus. They are all men of good business ability, of keen discrimination and sound judgment, of enterprise and energy, and in the legitimate lines of business they have won success and attained positions of prominence in industrial and financial circles. CHARLES G. WOLF. Charles G. Wolf, who is serving as a passenger engineer on the Big Four (Limited) train, was born in Germany on the 14th of August, 1858. His father, Jacob Wolf, came to this country from Germany in the year 1864, bringing with him his family. A location was made in Delaware county; Ohio, and the father spent his remaining days in the new world, his death occurring in 1896, while his wife, Mrs. Dorothy Wolf, is still living at Delaware. The record of their children is as follows : Fred C. Wolf, who resides with his family at Mount Vernon., Ohio, is the owner of the Brick Kiln Company ; Jacob, who is married and lives in Dayton., Ohio, is a passenger engineer On the Big Four Railroad; Emanuel is a freight engineer on the same road and maintains his residence in Delaware; Benjamin is married and lives in Springfield, Ohio, where he is in the shipping department of a wholesale house; George is living in Columbus; Mrs. William Reece resides upon a farm in Texas; Mrs. Immel makes her home in Texas ; Mrs. Heller resided in Delaware until her death, in 1898; and Mrs. Watson, also of Delaware, died while visiting in Texas. Charles G. Wolf is a self-made man who has depended entirely upon his own resources for a living since he was fourteen years of age. At that time he began working in a brick-yard in Delaware, .and at the age of six- 80 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. teen he secured a position in the Big Four Railroad shops of that city. He began firing on the road in 1876, and so capably served that he was promoted as freight engineer in 1879. In 1885 he was made a passenger engineer and has since occupied that position. For the past ten years he has had preferred runs, being the engineer on the limited train from Columbus to Cincinnati. In 1880 he became a member of Division No. 175, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. Mr. Wolf was married, in 1884, to Miss, Estella Fruchey, of Delaware, Ohio, and their only child, Carl C. Wolf, born in 1885, is now. a student in the high school of Columbus.. Mrs. Wolf's father, Isaac Fruchey, and her mother, Mrs. Amanda Fruchey, are yet residents of the capital city. The former was born in Franklin county and the latter is a native of Pennsylvania. During the Civil war he served as a member of Company K, Fourteenth Ohio Infantry. Her uncle, William Parrish, was also in the same regiment; and died at Corinth, Mississippi, while four of her father's brothers "wore the blue" as members of the Federal army. Her maternal grandfather, Mr. Parrish, is now living in Henry county, Ohio, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Mr. Wolf and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church and are people of the highest respectability, enjoying the warm regard of many friends. He belongs to Columbus Lodge, F. & A. M., and to Ohio Chapter, R. A. M. In politics he has ever been a stalwart Republican. Through the past decade he has resided in Columbus and now owns and occupies an elegant residence at No 389 Hamilton avenue. CURTIS C. WILLIAMS. The name above is suggestive to the citizens of Columbus of such personal characteristics as go to make the honorable lawyer and just judge, and of such a creditable record as only such a lawyer and judge can win. Curtis Chandler Williams was born at Hanoverton, Columbiana county, Ohio, August 13, 1861, and is of Scotch-Irish and Welsh extraction. According to the family records his great-grandfather, in the paternal line, lived to the extraordinary age of nearly one hundred years. Joseph B. Williams, the grandfather, was a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and wedded Mary Gilson. He became an early settler of Columbiana county, Ohio, and was an active and successful business man. His son, Dr. R. G. Williams, the father of the Judge, was born in Columbiana county, in 1837, and married Elmira Frost, a daughter of William A. Frost, one of the pioneers of the county and a native of the Keystone. state. His wife bore the maiden name of Beulah Chandler. After a long and successful career as a druggist, Dr. Williams is now living a retired life in a pleasant home in Alliance, Ohio. Judge Williams obtained his primary education in the public schools and later attended the high school at Alliance, where he was prepared for college. His higher education was acquired in Mount Union College, at Alliance, where CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 81 he was graduated with the class of 1883. Subsequently he engaged in teaching and was for two years superintendent of schools in northern Ohio. He then read law, beginning the study of his profession in the :office of Converse, Booth & Keating, of Columbus. In 1886, in the capital city, he was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice. In 1891 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Franklin county, on the Democratic ticket, and in 1894 was a candidate for re-election, but was defeated by one hundred and nine votes in a county which that year gave a Republican majority of twenty-three hundred. He was nominated for the office of common pleas judge in 1897 and received five hundred votes more than were givens. for the state ticket and was elected. His administration of the high office to which he has, been called has been in every sense admirable. He has proven himself .a conscientious, careful and just judge, who respects the law and the people and, with a proper appreciation of the responsibilities resting upon him, gives due consideration to all .rights and .interests involved in every case tried in his court. In 1893 Judge Williams was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Owen, of Columbus, and unto them have been born two daughters and a son, namely : Elmira Anne, Margaret Iola and Curtis C., Jr. The Judge is a thirty-second-degree Mason, also a Knight Templar and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He also is well known and popular as a Knight of Pythias, Odd Fellow, Elk and Red Man, being identified with these various organizations.. There is no movement tending to the advancement of the public weal to which he does not lend his encouragement and substantial help. JOHN PETZIGER. No better illustration of the characteristic energy and enterprise of the typical German-American citizen can be found than that afforded by the career of this well known farmer of Truro township. Coming to this country with no capital except his abilities, he has made his way to success through wisely directed efforts, and he can now look 'back with satisfaction upon past struggles. Mr. Petzinger was born in Germany June 1. 5, 1832, and is a son of Adam Petzinger, a carpenter and farmer, who spent his entire life in that country. His paternal grandfather was John Petzinger, who served nine years in the German army. Our subject is the third .in order of birth in a family of five children, the others being Philip, Adam, Mary and Christine. Four of the number are still living. In his native land John Petzinger learned the carpenter's trade, and also became familiar with the duties which fall to the lot of the farmer. In 1854, at the age of twenty-two years, he crossed the broad Atlantic, and from New York came direct to Columbus, Ohio, where he had an uncle living. On his arrival here he found employment with a Mr. Carlyle, a carpenter, and later worked a year and a half for his uncle. Subsequently he did odd jobs for a while, and then hired out to a Mr. Grey as a farm laborer, remaining 82 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. in his employ for two years and a half. He was then employed by Matthew Brown for two and a half years, when he again spent one year with Mr. Grey. The following year he worked for John E. Kile, for the same length of time for Harris Johnson, and in 1864 for William Bulen. Mr. Petzinger then purchased eighteen acres of land in Truro township, where he now resides, and on this place he has built a log house, making it his home until he cleared his small farm. The following year he was able to buy sixteen and a half acres adjoining his place, and a year later bought thirteen acres, for which he paid one hundred dollars peracre. In 1878 he purchased the John Schaff farm of fifty-three and a half acres, paying for the same, one hundred and three dollars per acre. From John McGuffey he purchased one hundred and nine acres of land, for which he paid eighty-four dollars per acre, and two years later bought thirty acres from the same person for seventy-five dollars per acre. His farm, which now comprises two hundred and thirty-eight acres, is all under a high state of cultivation, while the improvements found thereon are estimated to be worth twenty-eight thousand dollars. His life affords an excellent example to the young, in that he commenced life here without money, but having a determination to succeed he industriously applied, himself until he has acquired a handsome property. He now devotes his time and attention to the collection of his rents and to the operation of his land. Mr. Petzinger was married, in Columbus, in 1861, to Miss Eva Weaber, also a native of the fatherland. They have become the parents of eight children, all of whom are still living, namely : John C., who married Mary Pfantz, and has one child, Clara ; Louisa, who married John Pfantz, and has four children,—Eva, Charles, Harry and Walter ; Charles; Mary ; George; Kate, who married William Bickel and has three children,—Lydia, Mary and Herman; Adam; and Philip. They also have eight grandchildren,—Eva, Charles, Harry, Walter, Clara, Lydia, Mary and Herman. The family hold membership in the German Lutheran church, to which Mr. Petzinger is a liberal contributor and in the work of which he takes an active and prominent part. In national politics he supports the men and measures of the Democracy, but at local elections votes independently of party ties. For one year he filled the office of road supervisor and was school director two years. He is well known throughout his adopted county, having many warm friends within its borders, and by all is held in high regard for his sterling character and worth. EDGAR D. MINER. Among the well known representatives of agricultural interests in Hamilton township, Franklin county, is Edgar D. Miner, who is living on the old family homestead on section 35, where he owns and operates one hundred and seventy acres of land. He was born on this farm. March 9, 1854, a son of Thomas Davidson and Maria (Swisher) Miner. The father was born in Vermont, and became one of the early settlers of Franklin county, Ohio, but  CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 83 died in 1856, when our subject was only two years of age. The mother was horn in this county in 1813, a representative of one of its honored pioneer families, and her death occurred in her seventy-ninth year. Both parents had been previously married. By his first union the father had four daughters, three of whom are now living: Mrs. Asenath Bortel, Mrs. Fanny Shedd, of Columbus, .Mrs. Elvira Sloosen, of New York. By her first marriage Mrs. Miner became the mother of four daughters and five sons, and by her second marriage she had two sons, Edgar D. being the older. His brother died in 1877, and he is therefore the only representative of the family living. Mr. Miner remained on the old homestead until twenty-three years of age, and during that time attended the district schools and assisted in the work of the farm. He then removed to Lockbourne, where he remained for two years, and also spent two years in Shadeville. On the expiration of that period he removed to Pickaway county, where he resided for six years, engaged in farming. In 1887 he returned to the old homestead, where he has since resided, devoting his energies to general farming. He has here one hundred and seventy acres of rich and arable land, the greater part of which is under a high state of cultivation and the place is improved with all the accessories and conveniences of the model farm. Mr. Miner was married in Hamilton to Anna Brantner, a native of Hamilton township, who died leaving a daughter, Florence, who is still with her father. For his second wife Mr. Miner chose Emma Chittum, who was born in Pickaway county, Ohio, but was reared in Franklin county. They now have five children : Neva A., Mary, Harry, Anna and Ethel, all at home. In his political affiliations Mr. Miner is a Republican, and is actively interested in the growth and success of his party. Although the township is Democratic, he was elected a trustee in 1899, and is now filling that position, discharging his duties with promptness and fidelity. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge of Lockbourne, and belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. Of one of the oldest and most honored pioneer families of the county he is a worthy representative. His career has been an active and useful one, in which his well directed efforts, guided by straightforward principles, have secured to him a gratifying competence. WASHINGTON. T. REES. That sturdy and patriotic Pennsylvania stock which has proven so valuable an element in the citizenship of the west .contributed to a considerable extent to the production of Washington T. Rees, who lives on section 26, Hamilton township, Franklin county, Ohio, and is one of the leaders in public affairs in that township. Mr. Rees was born six miles northeast of Lancaster, Fairfield county, Ohio, February 22, 1837, a son of Amor and Julia A. (Hersh) Rees. Amor 84 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. Rees, a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, was married in that state to Mrs. Julia A. Frank, nee Hersh, and came to Ohio about 1831 and located in Fairfield county. In 1846 he settled on the farm in Hamilton township, Franklin county, Ohio, now owned by Washington T. Rees,. and he died there in 1865, in the sixty-third year of his age. Politically he was a Whig until the Republican party was organized, and after that he worked 'heart and soul with the Republicans and became known throughout the county as an influential man in the party.. When he came to Hamilton township and settled in the woods but little had been done except by nature to provide for his future wants and those of his family and nearly everything was yet to.. be done that a devoted and industrious pioneer could lay his hands to. He not only developed a good farm, but as a patriotic citizen was instrumental in advancing the material and political interests of his county, and he died regretted by all who had been familiar with his life and works. His father, John Rees, of Welsh descent, was born, lived and died in Pennsylvania. Julia A., the wife of Amor Rees, was born in Pennsylvania, of German -parentage and could speak in German. She was a model wife and mother and nobly bore her part of the hardships of pioneer clays in Ohio. She died in Columbus, Ohio, at the age of sixty-four years. The only surviving member of her first family of children, by Mr. Frank, is Mrs. John Rathmell. Amor and Julia A. Rees had nine children, five of whom died in infancy and four of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, and of whom the subject of this sketch is the only one living at this time. Washington T. Rees was the seventh child and sixth son of his parents in order of nativity, and was three years old when the family came to Franklin county, Ohio. He was brought up to assist in the work of the farm, which he helped to clear and develop, and his earliest recollections of school life bring up a picture of a little log schoolhouse with puncheon. seats and slab writing tables. When he was twelve years old a brick schoolhouse wa's built in his home district and he attended school in it until he was seventeen. Then he became a student at the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, and after remaining there two years he returned home and assisted his father until lie was twenty-one years old, when he took up the battle of life for himself. With his father and brother he was interested in a distillery until 1865, when they sold the enterprise and from that day to this he has been. a farmer, industrious, progressive and successful. February 6, 1862, Mr. Rees married Eliza Stimmel, a native of Franklin township, Franklin county, and a daughter of Jacob and Mary Stimmel, who were early settlers. there. They haye had two children.. Their daughter Bessie married W. B. Drum, now a resident of 'Cleveland, Ohio, and they have a son, named Mark Rees Drum. Their son, Ned E., married Julia E. Ditto and has a son named Hubert. He lives on a part of the family homestead in Hamilton township. Mr. Rees is an unswerving Republican, who approves of the course of CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 85 the party in the past, is in accord with its present policy and has full confidence in its future, and while he is not an office-seeker, he wields a recognized influence in local politics and works consistently and conscientiously for Republican success. He has filled the office of trustee of his township and has been otherwise prominent in public affairs. As a representative farmer he is well known throughout the county, and his fine farm of three hundred acres, which is beautifully situated on Walnut creek, is one of the model farms of the state. WILLIAM WATTS. William Watts, one of the pioneer residents of Franklin county, Ohio, was born upon a farm near where .he now resides, March 2, 1818, and was the son of John Watts, who was born near Albany, New York. He was married there to Sarah Goethschins, and they came to Franklin county, Ohio, in 1812. Then all the land was cheap in this county, John Watts being offered at that time the land upon which the city of Columbus is now built for one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre. With his family he settled in the heart of the woods, built a log cabin and engaged in the clearing of the land. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 and always lived an exemplary life, his death occurring from the kick of a horse. His wife survived him until about the age of fifty years, when she died of consumption, leaving five children,—Nicholas, William, Hiram, Sarah and Catherine. William Watts was but four years of age when. he was so unfortunate as to lose the care of his father, but as soon as able he endeavored to assist his mother, working for neighbors, and he also tried to save some money with which to pay for his education, the schools of that period being subscription schools. Eight dollars a month was paid 'him for his first attempt, the greater part of this being put aside, which finally amounted to enough to enable him to purchase fifty acres of land. Soon afterward he purchased thirty acres more, making a farm which he was able to sell for a good. price. He then moved to his present farm, consisting of one hundred acres, which is now valued at one hundred and fifty dollars an acre. He has been very successful in his farming operations and the land shows a fine state of cultivation. Mr. Watts was first married to Margaret Chambers, of Franklin township, and eleven children were born to them, a record of whom is given upon another page of this work. For his second wife Mr. Watts married Demaries Johnson, and six children have been born of this union : Frank, who is a farmer and dairyman in this township; Edward, who is a motorman on a street railway in Columbus; Lester, who is also engaged in the dairy business; Nettie, who is the wife of Charles Holt, a dairyman; and Chester and Harry, who died when young. Mr. Watts is an intelligent man who takes a great interest in the ab- 86 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY: sorbing questions now agitating the political world. He was a Whig until the formation of the Republican party, since which time his affiliations have been with it. He has served many times on the grand jury, has been trustee of his township and has also held the office of supervisor. Both he and his family are consistent members of the Methodist church, in which he takes a deep interest. He is well known through the county which has been his home for so many years and he possesses the respect of all. GEORGE GEYER. One of the most prominent farmers residing in Norwich township, Franklin county, Ohio, is George Geyer, the subject of this sketch. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, November 9, 1825, and was a son of Adam H. and Margaret (Koerner) Geyer, the former of whom was also a native of Bavaria and served in the German army. By trade he was a wagon-maker, but after reaching America he worked as a gardener, later becoming a resident of Brunswick, New Jersey, where both parents died. The children were John, who died in Ohio, having married Margaret Fifer; Conrad, who married Margaret. Smith in New York and finally died in Iowa; Andrew, who married Mina Swartz, located on Long Island; John George, who died at Brunswick, New Jersey ; Susan, who married Henry Schweitzer and died in New York; George, who is our subject; and Adam, who married Catherine Rocht and resides at Booneville, Indiana. Until the age of fourteen our subject attended the schools in Bavaria near his home, then engaged in work as a farm hand until 1841, when he accompanied his parents to America. The long trip was made on a sailing vessel, and the little family had forty-one days of sea life before the welcome harbor of New York was reached. In. that city our subject soon found employment, entering an establishment where he learned the baker's trade, which he followed for some time. Mr. Geyer was married on August 26, 1852, to Miss Mary Koerner, who was born in Germany March 6, 1831, a daughter of John and Susan (Snyder) Koerner. She was six years old when her parents brought her to the United .States, the vessel on which they sailed being named Republic, and belonging to the line between Bremen, Germany, and the city of New York. Her parents immediately located in Franklin county and her first school days were passed in Norwich township; and Mrs. Geyer kindly remembers her first teacher, Sarah Ann Viddum, as it was this lady who taught her to speak the English tongue. The school sessions were held. in a log house: with a puncheon floor and a latch string hung at the door. Those were yet pioneer days and the children were not afforded any superior educational advantages. After marriage our subject with his wife left the great eastern metropolis and started westward, locating in Norwich township, Franklin county, Ohio, where he and his brother bought one hundred and sixty acres of land, and CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 87 this has been his home ever since. Mr. Geyer, assisted much by his esti- mable wife, finally acquired a total of five hundred and seventy acres in Norwich, Prairie and Brown townships; and has been very successful. In 1872 he erected his present commodious and comfortable residence, the former one having been of logs, in dimensions twenty-two by eighteen. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Geyer are: John Adam, a fine young man, who died at the age of twenty-one; Stephen, who lived to be forty-three; George, who resides in Prairie township, married Elizabeth Carl; Veit, who married Mary Rankin; Annie, who married Charles Rankin;. Andrew, who married Nettie Eiderman; Sovilla; and John A.., who married Bertha Kuhn, and resides in Prairie township. Both Mr. and Mrs. Geyer are consistent and valued members of St. Jacob's Lutheran church, where they possess the esteem of every one. In his political opinions our subject is a stanch Democrat. The whole family is one known throughout the neighborhood for high character and sterling honesty. JOHN RATHMELL. John Rathmell, deceased, was for many years. a leading and representative farmer of Franklin county, and was a valued citizen, held in the highest respect by all who knew him. He was born in Madison township, this county, June 29, 1820. His father, Thomas Rathmell, was a native of Pennsylvania and one of the honored pioneer settlers of Franklin county, whither he came about 1816. He was a blacksmith by trade, and followed that pursuit for many years in this locality, but also developed a farm in the midst of the forest. He was of English descent, a representative of a very prominent family of Bolton, England, the Rathmells being actively connected with banking interests of that city: In Bucks county, Pennsylvania, he wedded Mary Smith, a native of the Keystone state. Her father was of Pennsylvania German descent, was a blacksmith by trade, and made one of the first settlements in Franklin county. John Rathmell was the eldest of three children, two sons and a daughter. Reared in Franklin county, his education was obtained in the primitive log school house, supplemented by study in Central College, Blendon. Later he engaged in teaching through the winter months, while in the summer season he followed farming. At one time among his pupils was Susan Frank, and on the 16th of January, 1845, they were married. She was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, December 3, 1825, and is a daughter of Jacob Frank, who was born; reared and died in the same county!. He was a miller by trade and followed that occupation throughout his business career. His father was a native of Bavaria. Mrs. Rathmell's mother, whose maiden name was Julia Hersh, was also born in Pennsylvania. By her first marriage she had six children, the youngest of whom, Mrs. Rathmell, was only about fifteen months old at the time of the father's death, and she is the only one now living. Her mother afterward became the wife of Amor Rees, and they had four children who reached mature years, but 88 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. Washington T. Rees is now the only one who survives. Mrs. Rathmell was only five years of age when brought to Ohio, the family locating in Fairfield county. They made the journey by wagon and were seventeen days upon the way, stopping at the old-fashioned. taverns for the night and to obtain supplies.. She lived in Fairfield county for ten years, when the family removed to Franklin county, locating in Hamilton township. Her education was acquired in log school houses, furnished with split-log seats, while a slab placed upon pins inserted into the wall, served for desks. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Rathmell they located on the farm where the widow now. resides, and there the husband engaged in agricultural pursuits throughout his remaining days, placing his land under a high state of cultivation and thereby acquiring a gratifying income. The home was blessed by the presence of eight children: Thomas J., who married Crissie Vause, is a farmer of Hamilton township, and they have three children,—Allyn, Leonard and .-Florence; Julia A. is the wife of Michael Brantner, a farmer of Hamilton township ; John R., a practicing physician, married Edith Beach, who was born at West Jefferson, Madison county, Ohio, a daughter of Dr. John. Noble Beach, who was for forty years .a practicing physician there, but is now deceased; Dr. Rathmell is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, and the Starling Medical College, and is now medical practitioner at Chattanooga, Tennessee. His wife was one of his classmates in the Ohio Wesleyan University, of which she, too, is a graduate. Their children are Maude E. and John Beach. Frank, the next member of the Rathmell family, an attorney of Columbus, married Emma Fetch, of that city, and they have one daughter, Margaret Helen; Jennie is at home with her mother ; Mattie is the wife of C. H. Tingley, a grain merchant. of Columbus, and they have three children, Herman, Lucy and Edwin Cowen; Hattie is the wife of Lewis L. Rankin, an attorney of Columbus, and they have three children, Stanley, Bertha and Allen; and Ollie is a teacher and resides at home. In his political views Mr. Rathmell was a Democrat until, the inauguration of the Civil war, when he espoused the cause of the Union and became a Republican. He was a well-read man, keeping informed on all the issues of the day, political and otherwise. Before his marriage he was a member of the Presbyterian church, but afterward became a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and took a very active part in its work, serving as a class leader, steward and superintendent of the Sunday-school for many years. He withheld his support from no measure or movement which he believed Would prove of general good along material, sccial, intellectual or moral lines. In manner he was kindly, and at all times honorable and upright, and he therefore enjoyed the high regard of those with whom he came in contact. He passed away October 24, 1885, his remains being interred in Walnut Hill cemetery. Mrs. Rathmell, however, still resides on the old homestead, which comprises one hundred and six acres of land and is operated by her son Thomas. She has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since 1842, and hers has been an earnest, consistent Christian life. 89 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. JUSTIN PINNEY. Throughout his entire life Justin Pinney has made his home in Franklin county. He possesses those characteristics which make a forceful man in the affairs of life and is therefore a valued citizen. He holds tenaciously to his honest convictions and it is doubtful if he ever weighed an act of his in the scale of policy or shaped it to gain public favor. His pleasing personality and his sterling worth have made him one of the most highly esteemed men of his community and the circle of his true friends is extensive. Mr. Pinney was born in Columbus, Ohio, January 27, 1839. His boyhood was passed in the city and in the public schools he acquired a good practical education. Under the parental roof he remained until 1859, at which time he entered the service of the Little Miami, Columbus & Xenia Railroad Company as brakesman, in which capacity he creditably served for more than a year, when, owing to his splendid record, his adaptability and his trustworthiness, he was promoted over others who had been much longer in the service and made freight conductor. Mr. Pinney was upon the road at the time the Civil war was begun. The call for troops roused his patriotic spirit and he at once volunteered, joining Company B of the Columbus Videttes under Captain Henry Thrall. This was at the first call for seventy-five thousand troops to serve for three months. Mr. Pinney was mustered in as a private and almost immediately the company was assigned to the Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry and transferred to the seat of war, then in the vicinity of Washington, D. C. He participated in the battle of Bull Run July 21, 861. This engagement was fought by the regiment after its term had expired, and be it said to the everlasting honor and credit of the men in the ranks that when the officers appealed to them to remain every man assented and did brave duty upon the field of action. Mr. Pinney with his command afterward returned to Columbus, where he was mustered, out, and the day following he was given charge of a train upon the road where he had previously been employed. He was subsequently tendered a captain's commission to command a company already recruited, and upon appealing to the officers of the road as to what he should do they informed him that his remaining on the road was a military necessity and that if he accepted the commission they would have him detailed for service on the road, as his aid in that direction was indispensable to the company. During the war, therefore, he remained with the corporation and in the interim took the train load of soldiers from. Columbus to Dayton at the time of the Vallandingham riots' to suppress the same, and marched at the head of the troops to the scene of the disturbance. During the entire period of the war he stood close to the company as its most trusted agent, and to his care were entrusted the most delicate duties, in the performance of which he invariably made a good record for himself. He followed railroading for twenty-one years, being engaged for fifteen years on the Little Miami, now 90 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY, the Cincinnati division of the Panhandle road. He afterward worked under J. F. Miller, of the Indianapolis division, in various capacities, such as yard master and assistant superintendent, being, thus employed for four years. He then took a passenger run on the Cincinnati Southern from Cincinnati to Chattanooga, filling that position for two years. He was then tendered a position on the West Shore road out of New York city, as passenger conductor, but on account of his mother's illness he decided to remain and care for her during the last years of her life. Accordingly he settled in Sharon township upon a farm; here he has since engaged in the dairy business, meeting with good success in this undertaking. Mr. Pinney has been twice married. He first wedded Miss Maggie Beattey, the wedding taking place in Columbus April io, 1862. On the 17th of June, 1881, he married Miss Ida T. Webster. They have no children of their own, but are.rearing two adopted children—Ida, a daughter of his brother Nathan, and Henry Gordon, who takes the name of his foster father. In Masonic circles Mr. Pinney has a state-wide reputation. He belongs. to New England Lodge, No. 4, A. F. & A. M., and has been grand master of the grand lodge of Ohio for six years. He has taken the royal arch and council degrees and has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish rite. He is dimitted from Ark Lodge, No. 270, I. O. O. F., of Worthington, and belongs to H. C. Burr Post, No. 711, G. A. R., of Worthington, while for two years he was commander of Elias J. Beers Post, No. 575. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party upon all questions at issue before the people and has been an active member of the party since its organization, doing all in his power to insure its success. For a number of years he has served as township committeeman and on a number of occasions has served as a delegate to the county and state conventions. Wherever he is known, in business life, in social circles or in politics, he is a man of his honest convictions, fearless in defense of what he believes to be right, and his worth is widely acknowledged. He is resolute in carrying out a course of action which he believes is for the best without counting the cost or the consequences. He is clear and incisive in his. speech, logical in his reasoning, is quick to decide, never neglects the call of duty even though it is irksome and unpleasant. Would that the country had more such men! He is a true friend, an obliging neighbor and a good citizen, whose upright life and honorable character are indeed worthy of commendation and emu, lation. EBER H. HARMAN. Eber Hyde Harman, who holds the responsible position of state examiner of stationary engineers in the third district of Ohio, comprising seventeen counties, is a native of this state, his birth occurring in Fairfield county in 1868. His father, Amos T. Harman, was born in Pickaway county in 1837, CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 91 and was a son of Jacob Harman, who carne from Pennsylvania to Ohio al a very early day and settled in Pickaway county. The latter was a merchant who was extensively engaged in buying and selling produce, which he rafted down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. For twelve year Amos T. Harman was one of the leading merchants of Rushville, and on disposing of his interests there in 1873 came to Columbus! and accepted a position as a traveling salesman, being still on the road. He served in the militia in the Civil war, and while a resident of Fairfield county held the office of township treasurer for some time during early manhood. He marries Miss Martha E. Hyde, and to them were born two children,—Eber Hyde our subject, and Mrs. J. C. Pugh. Mrs. Harman is a daughter of Dr. Simor Hyde, of Rushville, who was born in Massachusetts, and studied medicine in the east. On coming to this state he located first in Franklinton, Franklin county, before Columbus was founded, but owing to the conditions her he moved to Fairfield county, where he enjoyed a large and lucrative practice for many years, dying there in 1866, when about seventy-five years of age Mr. Harman, of this review, was educated in the public schools of Columbus and at a commercial college, and then took up the occupation of locomotive fireman for three years, and for the past eight years that of e stationary engineer. In 1898 he passed the required United States civil-service examination for engineer in the federal building, and was appointed to that position by Secretary Gage, but did not accept it. He received his present appointment in 190o from G. M. Collier, the chief examiner of stationary engineers for the state of Ohio, under Governor Nash, and at once entered upon the duties of the office, which he is now discharging in a most creditable and satisfactory manner. He was chosen for that position owing to his ability as an engineer, and his term is for three years. He is one of the most prominent and popular members of his profession in the city, has been chosen as a delegate to state conventions of stationary engineers, and is a charter member of the Buckeye Association, No. 38, of the National Association of Stationary Engineers, of Columbus, of which he was vice-president two years and secretary for three years, resigning the office at the end Di that time. In his political affiliations Mr. Harman is a stanch Republican, and takes. an active and commendable interest in public affairs. Fraternally he is a member of the Independent Order of Foresters and of the Masonic order, and religiously is a member of the Methodist church. He is a wide-awake, energetic young business man, who has been found true to every trust reposed in him, and justly merits the high regard, in which he is held. NORMAN WOODRUFF. Norman Woodruff is a representative of one of the pioneer families of Ohio, and throughout his entire career he has been connected with agricultral pursuits. His life record demonstrates the potency of industry in the 92 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. business world, and his indefatigable energy and resolution have enabled him to win a place of affluence in Franklin county. He was born in Fairfield county, Ohio, November 13, 1832, and is a son of Brace and Eliza (Cooper) Woodruff. His great-grandfather, Wiard Woodruff, was a native of London, England, and his father was at on.e time lord mayor of the city. His mother bore the maiden name of Eunice Wiard. When .a young man Wiard Woodruff came to America, and through more than a century representatives of the name have been found in New England. There is well authenticated tradition that the family were attending church in Burlington, Vermont, on Sunday, September 11, 1814—the day on which the battle of Plattsburg occurred,—and with their neighbors went out upon a hillock to watch with breathless suspense the progress of the naval engagement then occurring on the lake, and witnessed the brilliant victory of the American fleet that checked the invasion of the British forces from Canada and caused them to make an immediate retreat. In the fall of 1815 or the spring of 1816 the grandfather of our subject emigrated to Ohio and took up his abode in Fairfield county, where he spent his remaining days. Brace Woodruff, the father of our subject, was born in Burlington, Vermont, in 1864, and when a lad of twelve summers accompanied his parents tu the Buckeye state. He was a son of Wiard and Ruth (Brace) Woodruff, both of. whom were natives of Connecticut, whence in early life they removed with their respective parents to Vermont and were there reared and married. At the time mentioned they came to Ohio, locating in Fairfield county, where they remained until called to their final rest. They had eight children, who reached mature years, namely : George, Brace, Rice, Mabel, Hulda, Sally, Alma and Laura. As they attained to adult age the father gave to each of his sons eighty acres of land and his daughters a similar amount or its equivalent in money. The grandfather was a blacksmith by trade and his sons cleared and developed his farm. Brace Woodruff was reared on the home place in .Fairfield county, and after attaining to man's estate was united in marriage with Miss Eliza Cooper, who was born in Virginia August 25, 1807, and was a daughter of James and Elizabeth Cooper. Her father died in the Old Dominion, but his widow afterward came with her children to Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Woodruff began their domestic life upon the farm which had been given him by his father, and he erected there a log cabin, in which two of their children were born. In December, 1836, however, he sold that farm and came to Franklin county, purchasing two hundred and fifty acres of land, at two dollars and a half per acre. Here he erected a cabin near the present home of his son Hiram, and on the farm which he cleared and improved. he continued to reside until his death. He was an active supporter of the Whig party in early life and on its dissolution joined the ranks of the Republican party. Reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, his sympathies were with that denomination, but he never became a member. He was, however, one of the sturdy 93 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. pioneer characters and his word was as good as his bond, so that he enjoyed the unqualified confidence and respect of all who knew him. He passed away in 1881, and his wife, surviving him several years, died January 12, 1889. They were the parents of nine children, four of whom are yet living : Norman; Polina, the wife of Wirt Whitehead, of Columbus; Hiram, of Jefferson township; and Minerva, the wife of Joseph Krumm, an agriculturist of Truro township. Norman Woodruff, whose name begins this record, spent his childhood clays under the parental roof and experienced. the hardships and trials which form a part of the lot of frontier settlers. He acquired a limited education in a primitive school held. in a log building, and was early trained to the work of the farm, becoming familiar with the arduous task of developing the wild land and transforming it into richly cultivated fields. After his marriage, August 24, 1856, he engaged in operating a part of the home farm upon the shares for two years. Long prior to this time, however, he had had a desire to learn the tanner's trade, and in September, 1858, he purchased a small tan yard in Reynoldsburg, and hired a competent tanner to work for him by the day; he thus mastered the business both in principle and detail. He followed that pursuit during the war, doing a good business; he was also looked upon as one of the leading and influential men of Reynoldsburg. He was chosen to solicit substitutes to prevent the draft which was to be made in Truro township, and performed this task although he had to sacrifice his business interests to do it. In 1871 he removed to Iowa, but not finding conditions there as he had anticipated after a few months. he returned to Ohio and purchased seventy-five acres of land, upon which he has since resided. Through the past twenty-eight years he has devoted his energies to agricultural pursuits, but be recently retired from active business life, and. in the spring of 1901 removed to Columbus, there enjoying a quiet retirement, the fruits of his toil. On the 24th of August, 1856, Mr. WoOdruff was united in marriage to Miss Eveline Doran, a native of Baker's Run, Hardie county, Virginia, and a daughter of John and Rhoda (Baker) Doran, who came to Ohio about 1836, locating in Truro township, on Big Walnut creek. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Woodruff has been blessed with five children, only two of the number now living. William M., the eldest, is a grocer of Columbus, and Charles W., the youngest, is a traveling salesman. The others are Rosa B., Eldora and Elmer W. The last named was a well known physician of the capital city, more extended mention of whom will he made later. Mr. and Mrs. Woodruff hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and are consistent and faithful Christian people. He is a member of Truro Lodge, No. 411, I. O. O. F., of Reynoldsburg, and Reynoldsburg Lodge, No. 340, F. & A. M. In politics he is a Republican, and for two 'terms served as trustee of his township., while for many years he was school director. All who know Norman Woodruff respect him for his sterling worth and his many 94 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. excellent qualities. His word is as good as his bond. His life has been in harmony with every manly principle and his kindly spirit has won him the warm friendship of a large circle of acquaintances. ELMER WIARD WOODRUFF, M. D. In the death of Dr. Elmer Wiard Woodruff the medical profession lost one of its prominent and valued representatives, the community one of its valued citizens and his parents a loving and devoted son. He was the second son and fourth child of Norman and Eveline (Doran) Woodruff, and was born in Reynoldsburg, Franklin county, Ohio, June 23, 1863, his death occurring in Columbus on the 24th of May, 1900. The following history is taken from a biography prepared by Samuel Carroll Derby, A. M., professor of Latin in the , Ohio State University : Elmer Woodruff's early years were spent upon his father's farm and given to the varied duties and tiresome employments of a farm life. He was a good boy, quiet and industrious, and as he had opportunity studied, but was not precocious or especially quick, but was fond of reading. His rather limited general education was gained at the public schools of Reynolds-burg, and after attending one or more terms of normal school he engaged in teaching, in the autumn and winter of 1885-6, in Plain township, and through the following winter in Jefferson township. He spent a portion of the time from 1885 to 1887 in the employment of his uncle, R. J. Rhoads, who conducted a grocery and provision business in North Columbus. His, evenings were employed in study at one of the commercial colleges of the city. At this time apparently he took the first steps toward preparing himself for the medical profession. The year 1887-8 was spent by him under the instruction and for the most part in the office of Jacob T. Mills, M. 11, of Jersey, Ohio. His attention was devoted to anatomy, physiology and materia medica and other branches of medical training. Dr. Mills describes him as a careful student, slow and cautious rather than quick in grasping new ideas, but one whose painstaking methods gave a tenacious hold upon the facts which hard study alone made him master. In 1888 Elmer Woodruff entered the Starling Medical College and was graduated in 1891. He then returned to Jersey and was associated in the practice of medicine there with his early friend and preceptor, Dr. Mills, who found him no less agreeable as a fellow worker than he had formerly been as a pupil. After four years spent in the irksome country practice and still dissatisfied with his previous attainments, and with that growing appreciation of the value of a more thorough training which appears to have been one of his characteristic traits, he wok a post-graduate course in the New York Post-Graduate School. He then came to Columbus, in September, 1895, opened an office and began systematically to cultivate those connections and acquaintanceships which conduce to professional success. His associates CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 95 in the profession characterized him as a cool and cautious but yet unselfish and sympathetic physician. ReCognition of his worth came in due time. In 1898 his alma mater appointed him instructor in minor surgery, and in that position lie was a successful teacher, in favor. alike with students and his associates in the college. At the Denver meeting of the American Medical Association in 1898 Dr. Woodruff was elected assistant secretary for the following year and was untiring in his exertion to promote the success of the meeting of that association held in Columbus in 1899. His efforts were highly appreciated and were a distinct help in making that gathering of five thousand physicians creditable in its arrangements and satisfactory to the members. He belonged to the Columbus Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Association, the Mississippi. Valley Association and the American Medical Association. Many of these bodies, by carefully drawn resolutions, took official note of his death. The Columbus Academy of Medicine, on May 26, 1900, in substance, passed the following: "Resolved, that all recognize in Dr. Woodruff an honorable, conscientious co-worker, devoted to the highest interests of his profession as a practitioner and as a teacher in the Starling Medical College. "Resolved, that in his death the academy has sustained the loss of an active and useful member, whose high professional honor and exemplary life are worthy of remembrance." Dr. Woodruff was a member of many social and charitable societies and orders, including the Odd Fellows, Free Masons, the Red Cross and the Old Northwest Genealogical Society. Of the last named he became a member in October, 1897, manifesting a lively interest in its success and generously opened his office for its meetings, and for a time furnished room for its library. During the Mills meetings held in the city Dr. Woodruff's attention was newly brought to the need of a religious life and he very soon united with the King Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, of which he remained. a consistent and beloved member during the remainder of his life. In politics he was a Republican. He was unmarried and made his home with his brother, William M. Woodruff, at No. 1300 Neil avenue. Dr. Woodruff was of splendid build, about five feet, nine inches tall, with very dark hail-, hazel eyes and a dark complexion. His Movements. were quick, but his mode of speaking deliberate and studied. During the spring of 1900 he was unusually busy with his professional work. The needs of his patients were so urgent and their calls so numerous that his strength was overtaxed in meeting them and his system exhausted by lack of sleep. On the 16th. of May he was taken suddenly ill with acute pneumonia and died on the 24th of the same month. The funeral services were conducted by the Rev. Joseph Clark and the interment was in Greenlawn cemetery. Dr. F. F. Lawrence, of Columbus, an appreciative associate who knew him well, has thus sketched his character : "As a man he was .above reproach, a physician of rare quality; one whose sense of honor and high ideal in the medical 96 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. profession is worthy of emulation; a man whom to know meant to trust, to respect and to love. The loss to the community is great, the loss to the medical fraternity one that will be keenly felt. His was a life not well to be spared." PROFESSOR JACOB A. SHAWAN. The superintendent of the Columbus public schools, J. A. Shawan, is a Buckeye by birth and education. He was born at Wapakoneta, Ohio, but soon removed to Champaign county; where he attended the common schools, going from there to the high school in Urbana, where, after attending some time, he quit, to teach before graduation. He was a successful teacher in the schools, of Champaign county for four years. After this period he went to Oberlin, Ohio, and graduated at college there in 188o, with the degree of A. B., and three years later the same institution granted him the degree of A. M. In 1893 Professor Shawan received the honorary degree of Ph. D. from Muskingum College. The career of Superintendent Shawan as an educator has been a successful and interesting one. During the years 1880-83 he was superintendent of the schools at St. Mary's, Ohio, going later to Mount Vernon, where he remained until elected to the superintendency of the schools of the city of Columbus, in 1889. Since that time he has been the honored head of the great school system of this city, each year growing more and more popular, gaining the affection of the pupils while he retains the confidence of their parents. The schools under his charge have made marked progress and to-day he is strongly intrenched in the regard and affection .of the public. Professor Shawan was married to Miss Jennie Koch, in December, 1881, at Degraff, Ohio, and the family now consists of his estimable wife and three bright boys,—Harold, aged seventeen ; Robert, aged fifteen ; and Jacob, aged ten years. WILLIAM MERION. William Merion was born at Dorchester, Massachusetts, May 6, 1787, and on the paternal side is of French lineage. His grandfather, Nathaniel Merion, emigrated from France in early life and became a resident of Dorchester. In 1749 he married Thankful Withington, an English lady of that place. Seven children were born to them, two sons and five daughters. William, the second son, joined Washington's army, was taken prisoner and died in the hospital in New .York city. Nathaniel, the eldest son, married Lydia Gay, a daughter of David Gay, and a granddaughter of George Talbot, an English Puritan. They had eight children,—Millie, Elijah, Lydia, Marv, William, Nathaniel, Hannah and David. William Merion, the first child and the subject of this review, received CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 97 such educational privileges as the village schools of that time afforded. When he was yet very young his father removed to a farm near Stoughton, Massachusetts, where he died when the son was ten years of age, leaving a widow and eight children. They had a small New England farm, one-half of which was covered with rocks, while the other half was swampy, but the mother managed to keep her family together for four years, when she married Deacon Abner Crane, of Canton, Massachusetts. He was a Christian gentleman, kind-hearted, and he would not allow even his cows to be whipped. William Merion persisted in. doing this and the trouble thus occasioned led him to leave home. He entered the employ of the village. storekeeper, who also kept a dairy and slaughtered pigs, sheep and calves for the Boston market. He was to receive his board and clothing and five dollars per month and work in the store and also deliver meat and milk. As he had no expenses for board and clothing he was enabled to save his cash salary, and after three years, when seventeen years of age, he began learning a trade. He served a three-years apprenticeship to a carpenter and builder and then started for Ohio with a snug little sum of money which he had saved from his earnings and which was supplemented by his sale of his share of the farm. Through an agent in Boston he and his brother Nathaniel and his sister Millie purchased eighteen hundred acres of refugee land in Franklin county,. Ohio, paying two thousand dollars,—but a little more than a dollar per acre. In June, 1808, William Merion bade adieu to family and friends in the east and with only a pocket compass to point the. way came on horseback to Ohio. There were no roads or bridges. He first located in Worthington, where there was a small settlement of New England people, and afterward went to Franklinton, now West Columbus, where he secured board in the family of Isaiah Voris. On: one occasion Miss Sarah Wait, a daughter of Jenks Wait, stopped at the door of the Voris home. She would not consent to enter, knowing that the boarders were at supper, but while talking to Mrs. Voris Mr. Merion came out upon the steps and was introduced. Soon after she had resumed her homeward way he overtook her, a bridle in his hand, saying that his horse had strayed away and that, he thought it was at the Salt Lick, which place was a short distance beyond her father's house. They conversed pleasantly until they reached her father's home, when he passed on, swinging his bridle. His horse all this time had been. in the Voris stable, and he had merely formulated the excuse to get to accompany the young lacly, The friendship thus formed terminated in their marriage, February 14, 1809, the ceremony being performed by the Rev. James Hoge, then. a missionary to the Northwest Territory. The young couple began their domestic life in Franklinton, Mr. Merion working at his trade. He had located his land on the east side of the Scioto river, lying in and near the present city of Columbus. Along the east bank there was a dense forest of heavy timber, and there was not a clearing or cabin between the river and Alum creek. In the fall of 1810 they located on his 98 - CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY. land, at what is now South High and Moler streets, Columbus. Mr. Merion cleared some ground, built a log house, covered the building with clapboards, nailed down, and constructed .a brick chimney. The house was large in size for that time and had a movable partition of upright boards that could be taken out, throwing the two rooms into one for a party or dance. Their lives, of course, were of the pioneer style. The sugar-maple trees furnished them all the saccharine material, while game of all kinds was plentiful. On one occasion a dog chased a wild turkey through the open door into the house, and when it was captured it was found that it weighed twenty pounds. The early settlers also had the luxury of good wild grapes, plums and pawpaws. Wolves were very numerous. Money was very scarce at that time, and as there were no railroads or other shipping facilities it was very difficult to send produce to market. Mr. Merion found his knowledge of carpentering of great advantage. In return for a day's work on a house a man would plow two days for him. On a rainy day he would take four walnut rails and make them into bedsteads, which he would exchange with a girl for four weeks' work at sewing, spinning, nursing or house work. Columbus was laid out in 1812. The same year the second war with England was inaugurated, and Mr. Merion belonged to the Franklin Dragoons, a cavalry company, which was among the first to be called out. Not wishing to leave. his young family he hired a substitute,—George Wait, his brother-in-law,—whom he furnished with a horse, saddle, bridle and uniform and deeded him fifty acres of land for his services. Later there was a general draft and Mr. Merion was after all forced to go to the front, but the war soon afterward ended. He continued his farming and also became much interested in raising fruit of all kinds. He sent for a barrel of apples, but after they had been hauled over the rough roads and corduroy bridges they were mashed into a pulp. However, he washed out the seeds, planted them, raised the stocks and grafted them and had the first grafted apples in the county. The work of clearing the land, grubbing out stumps, burning the brush and fencing the fields continued, and thus acre after acre was, prepared for the plow. In 1817 he had a large frame barn built upon his place. In 1818 plans were made for building a brick house, and the bricks were made that year. The cellar was walled with bowlders taken from the bottom of the Scioto river, and the following year the brick work was put up and the building was roofed. It was one of the first brick dwellings in the county and is still standing, on South High street. The window-glass was thought particularly large, being ten by twelve inches. The parlor was very fine, the wood work being a pale blue, while the mantel, of the same color, was as high as a medium-sized person could reach. The bricks in the hearth and fireplace were painted red and the baseboard was partly plain and partly figured, about three feet being put in plain, after which the same length was striped with white, while another length was clouded and still another was adorned with large white roses on CENTENNIAL BIOGRAPHICAL HISTORY - 99 the pale blue ground. The first piece of furniture purchased for the new house was the old clock that for more than eighty years has registered the passing moments. There were times of financial depression and times when fortune was more favorable. Mr. Merion and his family suffered and prospered with the rest. From 1822 until 1826 prices were very low and there was much sickness among the settlers. 1825 Mr. Merion became ill and resolved to go east for the benefit of his health. He was so feeble that he could not mount his horse alone, but in April, 1826, he started upon the journey, of nine hundred miles. At first he could ride only ten miles a day, but gradually his strength and health returned to him, and after visiting at his old home he sold his horse and took passage on a vessel for New York city, thence .proceeded up the Hudson river to Albany, to Buffalo by the New York canal and by vessel to Sandusky, where he visited with his brother David for a few days, proceeding thence to Columbus by stage. He returned with improved health and found that his family had raised and sold a good crop and laid by some money. About this time the Ohio canal, extending from Cleveland to the Ohio river, was commenced, and the National road was being extended westward. Many workmen were therefore in the country and this created a demand for supplies, so that Mr. Merion sold his crops 'and stock at a' good advantage and he stored his barns and granaries full of grain and meat ready for shipment as soon as the canal should be opened for business!. It was finished in 1831, and on the 23d of September of that year the first boat, called the Governor Brown, made its appearance. This was an occasion of universal rejoicing through this section of the country. In a month from this time boats were loading grain at the Merion landing and the National road wag soon afterward completed to Columbus. The old bridge on Broad street was completed in 1833 and gave a new impetus to business. Mr. Merion engaged extensively in farming, raised stock of all kinds, purchased more land and carried on a very successful business; but the heavy demand which he made on his time and strength brought on congestion of the brain. He was taken ill on his fiftieth birthday and died, a week later, May 13, 1837. His death was a great calamity to his family and to the public, for he was a very prominent and influential citizen. Mr. Merion was reared in the Calvinistic doctrine, but never joined the church. He had great reverence for the Bible, the Sabbath, the church and the ministry, but did not recognize Christmas. He was always a friend to homeless children, especially boys. There were. no public charities at that w time. Families would move into a new country, would be stricken with some of the malignant diseases then prevalent and the parents would die, leaving orphan children. Never was one turned away from the Merion farm. They were taken in furnished with something to eat and given good clothing, and told that they could stay as long as. they behaved themselves; and they usually.