HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1275 pital. Mr. Findlay became acting superintendent of the hospital September 1, 1927, and on July 1, 1928, was appointed superintendent. May 1, 1930, he was appointed superintendent of the City Hospital, Springfield, Ohio, to assist in the construction of a new $1,800,000 hospital. During the World War Mr. Findlay enlisted in the United States Navy in June, 1918, and served as a first class yoeman at United States Naval Hospital, Hampton Roads, Virginia, until October, 1918. On May 20, 1917, Mr. Findlay married Miss Hazel Marie Snyder, a native of Kansas, the daughter of William and Alice C. (Waters) Snyder, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Kansas. Mr. Snyder lives in Columbus. His wife is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Findlay have no children. Mr. Findlay is a Republican, a member of the Presbyterian Church, and belongs to the Masonic Lodge, Kiwanis Club, Faculty Club, Ohio State University, and Navy Post. He is president of the Columbus Hospital Association and is identified with the Ohio Hospital Association and American Hospital Association. He is a member of the Temple Club and Auto Club, Springfield, Ohio. Leland S. Dougan, who is associated with the firm of Crabbe-Johnson-Crabbe & Williams, 51 North High Street, is recognized as a leader among the successful young attorneys of Columbus. He was born at Pennsville, Morgan County, Ohio, July 13, 1894, the son of Joseph F. and Arlena (King) Dougan. Joseph F. Dougan is a representative citizen of Pennsville, Ohio, where he has lived for many years. He was born near New Lexington, Ohio, but spent his boyhood on a farm near Pennsville. Mr. Dougan taught school for several years, and then became interested in the general mercantile business at Pennsville, as a partner of John Penrose. Finally, he became sole owner of the business, which he sold a few years ago. Mr. Dougan has served as county surveyor of Morgan County and has held the office of postmaster of Pennsville for the past thirty years. He is active in Republican politics and has 1276 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY been a delegate to the state conventions on numerous occasions. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Citizens National Bank of McConnelsville. Mr. Dougan is a member of the Church of Christ, and is affiliated with Webb Lodge No. 252, Free & Accepted Masons ; McConnelsville Council No. 106 ; McConnelsville Chapter, No. 182 ; New Lexington Commandery No. 57, K. T. ; Aladdin Temple, Columbus ; Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite 32nd degree and Independent Order of Odd Fellows, No. 361, Pennsville. To Mr. and Mrs. Dougan the following children were born : Charles E., lives at Mc-Connelsville, Ohio ; F. Raymond, accountant, lives in Columbus ; Russell V., lives at Pennsville ; Leland S., the subject of this sketch ; W. Donald, lives in Columbus ; Eva, the wife of George Carr, lives at McConnelsville ; Myla, the wife of Samuel Van Fossen, lives at Mt. Vernon, Ohio ; Mildred, the wife of Dana Syphers, lives at Peebles, Ohio, and Robley, who lives at home. Leland S. Dougan attended the public schools of Pennsville and was graduated from McConnelsville High School in 1913. He entered Ohio State University in that year, but left after several months in attendance due to ill health. He then later entered Marietta College in 1915. Mr. Dougan enlisted for service during the World War in May, 1917, and was sent to the Officers Training School at Fort Ben.- jamin Harrison, Indianapolis, Indiana, from which he was later discharged on account of physical disability. He then returned to Marietta College, from which he was graduated in 1919. The following year he came to Columbus as general agent for the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut, but resigned from that position after several months to become associated with the Ohio state campaign of General Leonard Wood. In February, 1922, Mr. Dougan entered the College of Law, Ohio State University, from which he reecived the degree of LL. B. in 1924. He immediately bcame assistant National Counselor of the American Insurance Union under J. J. Lentz and held that position for two years, when he went with the First Citizens Trust Company as an attorney in the real estate department of the bank. Two years later he became associated with the law firm of Crabbe-Johnson-Crabbe & Williams. Mr. Dougan also has interests in the oil and gas business. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1277 On March 12, 1919, Mr. Dougan married Miss Bertha Sloan of Marietta, Ohio, the daughter of Orville E. and Mary (McCord) Sloan, natives of Pennsylvania and residents of Marietta, Ohio. They have no children. In politics Mr. Dougan is identified with the Republican party. He holds membership in the Church of Christ and affiliate membership Indianola M. E. Church, Columbus, Ohio, and belongs to Webb Lodge No. 252, Free & Accepted Masons, McConnelsville Council No. 106, McConnelsville Chapter No. 182, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite 32nd degree, New Lexington Commandery No. 57, K. T., and Aladdin Temple. He also belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, No. 361, Pennsville. Mr. Dougan is a member of Alpha Tau Omega and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. Mr. and Mrs. Dougan live at 191 14th Avenue. T. B. Miller, who is engaged in the real estate, loan and mortgage business, with offices in the Huntington Bank Building, is a native of Columbus. He was born January 5, 1870, the son of T. Ewing and Amanda J. (Harris) Miller, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of New York. T. Ewing Miller was a successful merchant having been engaged in business in Columbus for a number of years. He was born at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and died in 1915. His wife was born at Albany, New York, and died in 1908. They are both buried in Greenlawn Cemetery, Columbus. T. Ewing Miller was reared at Mt. Vernon where he attended the public school. Later he was graduated from Kenyon College. He then engaged in the shoe business at Mt. Vernon for a short time when he came to Columbus. Here he entered the dry goods business, in partnership with John Joyce and Albert W. Green, under the firm name of the Miller-Green-Joyce Company. Mr. Miller retired from the business about 1882, after which the firm was known as the Green-Joyce Company. Mr. Miller was not only a successful business man but was active and influential in civic and political affairs. He was a Republican and took an active part in his party, and during political campaigns usually made a number of speeches. He 1278 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY served as United States consul at Bordeaux, France, shortly after the Civil War. He organized the old Columbus Board of Trade and served as its first president. He always took a deep interest in the welfare of Ohio State University and was president of the board of trustees for a number of years. Later in life he traveled extensively and spent most of his winters in Florida. His residence in Columbus was on the present site of the Carnegie Library, where he moved in 1875 and made his home there for thirty-five years. T. Ewing and Amanda J. (Harris) Miller were the parents of the following children : Ira Harris was an attorney and died in 1918 ; Thomas E., Jr., died at the age of ten years ; T. B., the subject of this sketch ; Louie G., died in the Philippine Islands, while serving as captain in the U. S. Marine Corps during the Spanish-American War. T. B. Miller was reared in Columbus, attended the public schools, and later was a student at Greylock Institute, at Greylock, Massachusetts. He then attended Ohio State University one year, when he entered Cornell University, at Ithaca, New York, where he was graduated in the class of 1893. He then entered the law department of Cornell University and after one year there he entered the law department of Ohio State University for one year. He was admitted to the bar in 1896 when he engaged in the practice of law in partnership with his brother, Ira Miller, in Columbus. The firm name was Miller & Miller, and their offices were located in the old Columbia Building. Mr. Miller has specialized in real estate loans and mortgages and has done an extensive business in that line. He is also president of the Miller, Joyce & Gray Land Company. In 1897 T. B. Miller was married to Miss Jessie E. English, of Columbus. She is the daughter of John C. and Mary R. Robinson English, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of Ohio. Both are now deceased and they are buried in Calvary Cemetery, Columbus. To Mr. and Mrs. Miller have been born the following children: 1. T. Ewing Miller, born December 1, 1900, was educated in Columbus Academy and Cornell University, married Dorothy Dobner, of St. Paul, Minnesota, and is now associated with the Sun-Ray Company, at Columbus. 2. Mary, married Orin A. Thacker, who is engaged in the real estate business in Columbus, and they have one child, Jes- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1279 sica. 3. T. B. Jr., born in November, 1908, was graduated from Columbus Academy, and then entered Yale University, where he was graduated in the class of 1929, and is now associated with the American Rolling Mills Company, at Middletown, Ohio. 4. J. V., born in 1913, attended Columbus Academy where he was graduated, and also Cannabery School, at New Medford, Connecticut, graduating in 1930, and is now a student in Yale. Mr. Miller is a Republican and a member of the Columbus Club. He is president of the Castalia (Ohio) Trout Club, and regards fishing as one of his chief recreations. Alice Boardman, who has been identified with the service of Ohio State Library for a period of thirty-eight years, is perhaps one of the best known women of Columbus. She was born at Hillsboro, Ohio, the daughter of Joseph Lockhart and Susan Coulbourne (Hill) Boardman. Joseph Lockhart Boardman was born at Stamford, Connecticut, August 16, 1825, and his wife was a native of Seaford, Delaware, born November 11, 1829. He was a journalist at Hillsboro, Ohio, for over thirty-three years. At the age of fifty-five years he lost his sight and about the same time, through an unfortunate investment, lost most of his property. He came to Columbus in 1889 and at the School for the Blind learned to use a typewriter, which afforded him much pleasure throughout the remainder of his life. The last fourteen years of his life Mr. Boardman also suffered the loss of his hearing. Through all his misfortune, he displayed the most wonderful Christian fortitude, and recounted his blessings with a fervor that brought tears to the eyes of his listeners. Mr. Boardman died at the age of eighty-six years, April 17, 1912. His wife died January 3, 1879. Both are buried at Hillsboro. Their children were: Genevieve, who died at the age of seventeen years ; Edward Lockhart, who died at Los Angeles, California, February 16, 1924, leaving three daughters and one son, who was killed in an airplane accident, December, 1928 ; Isabel Lillian, who died January 29, 1925; Alice, the subject of this sketch ; and two sons who died in infancy. 1280 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY Alice Boardman attended the public schools of Hillsboro and is a graduate of Highland Institute, a private school for girls. She served as recording clerk of the House of Representatives, 68th General Assembly during 1887-89 ; was appointed assistant state librarian in April, 1889, but removed as an "offensive partisan" in March, 1890 ; became clerk in the U. S. Pension office until June, 1892, when she was re-appointed assistant state librarian, and held that office until 1922, at which time the office was abandoned. Miss Boardman then became the reference librarian, in which capacity she now serves. In politics Miss Boardman is identified with the Republican party. She is a member of Broad Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and belongs to the Daughters of the American Revolution, National Society Daughters of 1812, Buckeye Republican Club, Women's Republican Club, Advance Literary Club, American Library Association, Ohio Library Association, and Foreign & Home Missionary Societies of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Gaylord Martin Hiner, D. D. S., has been engaged in practice in Columbus for the past fifteen years, and is one of the dental profession of Franklin County. He was born in Ashland County, Ohio, March 6, 1889, the son of George W. and Cora (Tyndall) Hiner. George W. Hiner, retired, was for many years a leading farmer of Ashland County, Ohio. He was born at Loudonville, Ohio, June 13, 1862. His wife is the daughter of Gabriel and Alcinda (Taylor) Tyndall, of Ashland County. Gabriel Tyndall served during the Civil War in the Army of the Cumberland from 1861 to 1865, under General Grant. He was at the siege of Vicksburg. Mrs. Alcinda Tyndall had four brothers in the Union Army, only one of whom returned. Cora Tyndall Hiner is a second cousin of Zachary Taylor, the twelfth president of the United States, and through that line of ancestry can trace her lineage to Revolutionary soldiers. She is, therefor e, eligible to the Daughters of the American Revolution. To George W. and Cora (Tyndall) Hiner were born five children, as follows : Arthur Augustus, D. D. S., lives at Ashland, Ohio ; HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1281 George W., Jr., garage owner, lives at Ashland, Ohio ; Golda, married Orley E. Whitcomb, who is associated with the Myers Pump Works, of Ashland, Ohio ; Edna, married William Tanner, lives at Wooster, Ohio ; and Gaylord Martin, the subject of this sketch. Gaylord Martin Hiner grew up on his father's farm in Ashland County, and attended the public schools. He was graduated from Loudonville High School in 1907 and then entered Starling Medical College, now Ohio State University, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery in 1912. He established offices at Jeffersonville, Ohio, where he remained for three years, and then removed to Columbus. He was located at 22324 Summit Street for three years, and then at 195 East State Street until 1921, at which time he located in the Medical Arts Building, 327 East State Street, where he is now practicing. Doctor Hiner entered the Columbus School of Law in 1925 and received the degree of L. L. B. in June, 1929. He was subsequently admitted to the bar February 12, 1930. On January 12, 1911, Doctor Hiner married Miss Clara Williams, the daughter of John W. and Mary (Sanford) Williams, of Jeffersonville, Ohio. They have a daughter, Mary Caroline, who attends the College of Education, Ohio State University. Doctor Hiner is a Republican, and is identified with the Columbus Dental Association, Ohio State Dental Association, and American Dental Association. He is also a member of the Columbus and Ohio State Bar Associations. Ralph W. Sanborn, who is president of the Buckeye Stages, Inc., is one of the prominent and successful business executives of Columbus. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, July 14, 1888, the son of Horace R. and Rose (Horne) Sanborn. Horace R. Sanborn, who lives retired in Cleveland, was for many years identified with the Union Trust Company as assistant vice president. He resigned from that office in 1928. Mr. Sanborn is a Republican and has served as a member of the Ohio Legislature since 1923. He holds membership in the Congregational Church, and is an active member of the Knights of Pythias. His wife, born in 1282 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY Cleveland, died in May, 1924, and is buried in Lakeview Cemetery, Cleveland. Their children were: Grace, married Col. Frank E. Locke, who served throughout the World War, lives in Chicago ; Ralph W., the subject of this sketch ; Robert H., a World War veteran, lives in Cleveland ; and Norman P., who also served during the World War as an ensign in the United States Navy, lives in Detroit, Michigan. Ralph W. Sanborn attended the public schools of Cleveland and began his college career at University of Michigan. He then entered Baldwin Wallace College, Cleveland, Ohio, from which he received the degree of LL. B. in June, 1914. He engaged in the practice of his profession as a lawyer in Cleveland with the firm of Sanborn & Smith until 1918 and then the firm was known as Sanborn, Rich & McConnell until 1924, at which time Mr. Sanborn was associated in practice with a Mr. Nacey. On July 1, 1926, he came to Columbus and at that time incorporated Buckeye Stages, Inc., of which he is president. P. R. Guthrie is vice president, and W. M. Gerrow is treasurer. The company's offices are located at 514 West Rich Street, with bus terminal on Town Street. Buckeye Stages, Inc., operate between Cincinnati and Cleveland and have a fleet of sixty busses. They employ 150 people. Buckeye Stages, Inc., is conceded to be one of the largest and best equipped bus companies in the state of Ohio. During 1924-25 Mr. Sanborn was president of the Ohio Motor Bus Association, and during 1926 held the office of president of the National Motor Bus Association. On December 9, 1916, Mr. Sanborn was united in marriage with Miss Marion G. Herrick, of Cleveland, a cousin of the late Myron T. Herrick, ambassador to France. She is the daughter of Col. J. F. and Flora (Warring) Herrick. He served throughout the Civil War and died in Cleveland in 1910. His wife died in 1914. Both are buried in Lakeview Cemetery, Cleveland. To Mr. and Mrs. Sanborn have been born five children, as follows: Jean Elizabeth, born May 24, 1918 ; Ralph W. Jr., born September 21, 1919 ; Marjorie Herrick, born October 20, 1921; John Herrick, born May 5, 1924 ; and Marion Alice, born November 15, 1926. Mr. Sanborn is a Republican in politics and served as municipal court judge of East Cleveland, Ohio, from January 1, 1917, until July 1, 1920, when he resigned. He is affiliated with Windemere Lodge HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1283 No. 627, Free & Accepted Masons, Windemere Chapter No. 203, Windemere Council No. 113, Heights Commandery No. 76, Al Koran Shrine, and also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. He is a member of the Columbus Athletic Club, Scioto Country Club, and Tippecanoe Club of Cleveland. His wife holds membership in the Church of Christ, Scientist. The family residence is at 1975 Arlington Avenue, Columbus. William R. Detwiler, one of the most popular and best known dancing teachers in Columbus, is a veteran of the World War. He was born at Altoona, Pennsylvania, March 4, 1897, the son of H. G. and Nettie Jane (Estright) Detwiler. H. G. Detwiler has always lived in Altoona, Pennsylvania, and for thirty-two years has been employed by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in the telegraph and signal department. He has been an ardent worker in the interest of organized labor and had the honor of writing the first charter of the Brotherhood Railroad "Signal Men of America" in 1901. Mr. Detwiler is a member of the Lutheran Church, and belongs to the Sons of Veterans, of which he has served as chaplain for the past fifteen years. He also belongs to the Knights of Pythias. Mr. and Mrs. Detwiler have only one child, William R., the subject of this sketch. William R. Detwiler obtained his schooling in Altoona, Pennsylvania, and after his graduation from high school in 1916 he entered a normal school at Indianapolis, Indiana. He taught school at Nyack, New York, and during that time studied dancing with Louis H. Chalif in New York City. In 1917 Mr. Detwiler taught at the Henry Street Settlement in New York. In September, 1918, he entered the service of his country and was sent to Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, where he served as regimental physical instructor. He also was stationed at Debarkation Hospital No. 5, New York City. He was discharged November 19, 1919, at Camp Dix, New Jersey, by reason of the signing of the Armistice, and the end of the war. Upon his return to Altoona Mr. Detwiler conducted a dance studio for several years. He later was located at Louisville, Kentucky, and in September, 1924, came to Columbus and opened a studio at 329 East Broad Street, 1284 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY where he was located until the following year. He then removed to State and High Streets, and remained in that location until January 1, 1930. At the present time his studio is located at 10 East Lynn Street. Mr. Detwiler has classes for beginners, advanced students, teachers, children and adults, and specializes in ballet, character, and acrobatic work. He also has health classes for women. He is ably assisted by Bernie Sager, who came direct to Columbus from the Jolson Theatre, New York City, and he is in charge of step and tap dancing, as well as all types of social dancing. Mr. Detwiler, himself, has studied under such nationally known dancers as Michael Fokine, Louis H. Chalif, Ivan Tarsoff, Mascagno, Kobeleff, Albertieri, Ted Shawn, and Ruth St. Dennis. He is a graduate of the Chalif Russian Ballet School and was awarded the gold medal in 1924 for advanced technique in the Chalif School. In 1923 Mr. Detwiler was united in marriage with Miss Rosaline Marie Yoder, of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, the daughter of Herman E. and Della (Rininger) Yoder, of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Detwiler have two daughters : Marion Chalif, born October 18, 1923 ; and Lois Marie, born August 31, 1926. Mr. Detwiler is a Republican. He is identified with the Dancing Masters of America. His wife holds membership in the United Brethren Church. Dr. Frank A. Riebel, a well known and successful physician, who is engaged in the practice of his profession at 15 West Goodale Street, Columbus, is a native of this city. He was born October 29, 1903, and is a son of Dr. John A. Riebel, and Laura Mabel Kiner Riebel of Columbus, and both natives of Franklin County. Dr. John A. Riebel is a widely known surgeon of Columbus, where he has practiced for many years. He is a graduate of Ohio Medical University. His wife is an attorney and a graduate of Columbus College of Law. They are the parents of two children : Dr. Frank A., the subject of this sketch, and John A., Jr., born August 29, 1907, a student in the medical department, Ohio State University. Dr. Frank A. Riebel was reared in Columbus and attended the public schools, graduating from North High School in the class of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1285 1919. He then entered Ohio State University where he was graduated in 1925 with the degrees of B. S. C. and M. D. In the meantime he had studied law and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1925, although he never practiced law. Shortly after completing his medical course he engaged in the practice at his present location. He studied at the Post Graduate University of Vienna in 1925 and in 1926 and 1927 he was Chief Roentgenologist at the Metropolitan Hospital in New York City. Since that time he has specialized in X-ray diagnosis and therapy. In 1927 Dr. Frank A. Riebel was married in New York City to Miss Mildred Vieweg, a native of Elmira, New York. She is a daughter of Rev. Rudolph Vieweg, a Lutheran Minister, of Elmira, New York. To Dr. and Mrs. Riebel have been born two children: Barbara and Nancy. Dr. Riebel is a Republican and a member of the First Congregational Church. He belongs to the Columbus Academy of Medicine, Ohio State Medical Association, American Medical Association, the Columbus Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association, the Phi Chi College Fraternity, University Lodge No. 631, F. & A. M., Temple Chapter R. A. M, No. 155, York Council R. & S. M. M. and Exchange Club. His hobby is fencing, and he has been coach of the Ohio State University team for three seasons. Frederick Herbert Hoffman.—Representative among the resourceful and aggressive business men of Columbus, is Frederick Herbert Hoffman, who is president of The Andrus Scofield Company, Randolph, West and Naghten Streets, importers, roasters, and jobbers of coffees, teas, nuts, spices and miscellaneous food products. On October 1, 1882, Mr. Hoffman first beheld the light of day on East Main Street in Lancaster, Ohio. He is the son of George H. and the late Laura (Reinhold) Hoffman. His father lives a retired life in Lancaster, where he was born on December 5, 1850, and in which city, throughout a long and active career he successfully en- 1286 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY gaged in the grocery business on Main Street opposite the court house. His mother, who died in 1922, was the daughter of Frederick and Martha (Myers) Reinhold. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hoffman: Frederick Herbert, the subject of this sketch ; Edith (Mrs. Frank A. Lankford), of Jacksonville, Florida; Julia, unmarried, who resides with her father in Lancaster, and J. Thomas, attorney of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The boyhood and early life of Frederick Herbert Hoffman was spent in Lancaster. There he attended the public schools and the high school. He read law for two years in the office of M. A. Daugherty, Lancaster, but the urge of business activity caused him to withdraw from his studious pursuit and he entered the employment with the city of Lancaster, which owned and operated a Municipal Natural Gas Plant. He was elected secretary and served in that capacity until he became identified with the Logan Gas Company in a similar capacity. After being thus employed for several years, he decided he could sell gas pipe, and became sales manager for the Pittsburgh Supply Company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1912 he, through the purchase of stock, became identified with The Andrus Scofield Company of Columbus, serving as vice president until 1925, when he was elected to the office of president. Mr. Hoffman is also president of the Weight Corrector Corporation of Columbus, and is treasurer of the Variety Rolling Door Company of Westerville. On November 30, 1912, Mr. Hoffman was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Brundage, the daughter of M. H. and Ella H. Brundage of Tiffin, Ohio. Mr. Brundage is now deceased and Mrs. Brundage resides in Toledo, Ohio. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hoffman: Jane B., who last June (1930) graduated from the Columbus School for Girls ; Frederick Herbert, Jr., born August 27, 1918, and little Ann, who died in infancy. Mr. Hoffman is a member of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church ; Lancaster Lodge No. 57 Free and Accepted Masons ; Scioto Consistory, Thirty-second degree, and Aladdin Temple, and he also holds membership in the Rotary Club, Young Men's Business Club, HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1287 Chamber of Commerce, Athletic Club, and the Columbus Country Club. The family residence is at 1133 East Broad Street, Columbus. The Andrus Scofield Company, widely known importers and roasters of coffee and tea, and manufacturers of the famous Capitol Brand Pure Food Products, is among the oldest and most reputable of business houses of Columbus. It was established in 1873 by Mr. W. F. Andrus. Mr. Andrus moved here from Boston, Massachusetts, and was a member of a family that had been associated with the coffee and tea business in Boston and New York for more than 100 years. With a vision of business opportunities in the Middle West, Mr. Andrus and a Mr. Farmer, established the business in 1873, now known as The Andrus Scofield Company. After a few years Mr. Farmer died, and his interest was acquired by the late L. T. Scofield, of Westerville, Ohio, who became associated with Mr. Andrus in 1880, the firm thereafter being known as The Andrus Scofield Company. Mr. Andrus was a typical down east Yankee, honest and conscientious in all his dealings, and well versed from long experience in the art of roasting and blending coffee, and those same grades of coffee are being roasted and blended by the Andrus Scofield Company. After the death of Mr. Andrus in 1912, L. T. Scofield became president of the company; and his long business experience and fair dealings were recognized by the citizens of this city, and he was one of the substantial merchants of his day. In 1912 Mr. F. H. Hoffman, who had recently acquired an interest in the business, became vice president, and was associated with Mr. Scofield in the business until Mr. Scofield retired in 1925, at which time Mr. Hoffman was elected president, and has been active in the management of the business since that time. The present plant of The Andrus Scofield Company at Randolph, West and Naghten Streets, is fully equipped with the latest improved machinery. The business is wholesale exclusively, and it engages in extensive trade throughout the central and southern states. Frequently there are train loads of coffee, tea, and peanuts on their railroad siding. 1288 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY Among the various products which the company manufactures are Capitol Coffee, which has a large sale throughout Ohio and the Middle West, and their Capitol Brand Honey Peanut Butter, a patented product, has a distribution almost national in scope. Mr. S. L. Van Orman, general manager, who was associated with government warehouses in Columbus during the World War, and later with the Ohio Warehouse Company, is the efficient and enterprising manager of the company's products. Mr. S. S. Conaway, who is a recent addition to the Andrus Scofield Company, as director of sales, is a graduate of Ohio State University in 1924, and has been merchandising manager for several of the larger food manufacturers during the past six years. Samuel Huston Miller, M. D.—Born and reared in Columbus, Doctor Miller has since 1928 been one of the prominent young physicians and surgeons of the city, and is a veteran of the World War. He was born on a farm, which was located on the present site of Upper Arlington, September 19, 1888, the son of James T. and Esther (Everett) Miller. James T. Miller was born in Columbus, February 15, 1854, and spent most of his life as a farmer. His land was sold in 1913 to the Thompson Real Estate Company, and at that time platted as Upper Arlington. Mr. Miller died in 1919 and is buried in Greenlawn Cemetery. His wife is the daughter of David Everett, a farmer, who lived near Dublin, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Miller were born eight children, as follows : Henry, who is identified with the Bexley Sand & Gravel Company, 1840 Infirmary Road, Columbus ; Samuel Huston, the subject of this sketch ; Jessie, Ella, Nancy, and Almeta, all at home, 1835 Chelsea Road, Columbus ; and Ida, married Edward D. Howard, attorney, who lives at 1749 Chelsea Road, and Grace, wife of John Brittain, 1835 Chelsea Road. Samuel Huston Miller spent his boyhood on his father's farm and attended 5th Avenue School, Columbus. In 1909 he was graduated from University School, and then entered Ohio State University, where he spent two years. He subsequently became a student at HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1289 Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1918. At the outbreak of the World War Doctor Miller enlisted for service and after two months spent at the Rockefeller Institute he was sent to France as a member of the Thirty-second Division. He served with the Medical Corps and after the Armistice was located at Brest, France, with the evacuation camp. He returned to the United States in 1920 and engaged in the general practice of medicine at Camden, N. J., until 1928, when he returned to Columbus and opened offices at 2074 Arlington Avenue. It is a coincidence that the very spot on which Doctor Miller spent his boyhood should serve as the location for his office as a physician. Doctor Miller was married on July 17, 1918, to Miss Evelyn Blake, the daughter of George and Elizabeth Blake of Camden, New Jersey. Mr. Blake is a leading mortician of Camden. To Doctor and Mrs. Miller have been born three children: Margaret, Jane, and Samuel H., Jr. In politics, Doctor Miller is identified with the Republican party. He holds membership in Trinity Episcopal Church, and his wife is a member of Lady of Victory Catholic Church. Doctor Miller is also a member of the Kiwanis Club. He is an enthusiastic fisherman and makes a specialty of deep sea fishing at Cape May. William Sloss Van Fossen, M. D., whose practice is limited to the treatment of the eye, ear, nose and throat, is recognized as one of the highly successful physicians and surgeons of Columbus. He was born in Williams County, Ohio, November 6, 1877, the son of John W. and Eliza Jane (Gillis) Van Fossen. John W. Van Fossen was born on a farm in Licking County, Ohio, February 11, 1834. He engaged in general farming throughout his life and died October 31, 1912. His wife, who died December 27, 1918, was the daughter of William and Jane (McLaren) Gillis. Both Mr. and Mrs. Van Fossen are buried at Orland, Indiana. Their children were : Harvey G., farmer, lives near Athens, Michigan ; Floy, married George A. Heath, real estate, lives at Ypsilanti, Michigan ; Roy A., farmer, lives near Orland, Indiana; Jeanette, married Earl 1290 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY Salisbury, insurance, lives at Upland, Indiana ; Ellen, unmarried, lives in Columbus ; and William Sloss, the subject of this sketch. William Sloss Van Fossen obtained his early schooling in the district schools of Williams County. His family removed to Orland, Indiana, in 1890 and he attended high school at that place. He also studied at the Tri-State Normal School in Indiana and spent one year at Hillsdale, Michigan. He became principal of the Fremont (Indiana) High School in 1901 and later entered the Ohio Medical University, Columbus, which later became the medical department of Ohio State University, and from which he was graduated in 1906 with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He then entered the office of Dr. Frank S. Lott, of Columbus, as an assistant and five years later engaged in private practice. In the meantime Doctor Van Fossen took graduate work in Chicago at the Postgraduate Medical School for Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat. In 1911 he became associated with several other leading surgeons in the building of St. Clair Hospital at 338 St. Clair Avenue, Columbus. This hospital has accommodations for thirty-five beds and is thoroughly modern in its appointments. Doctor Van Fossen is now president of the board of directors. He has also taken graduate work in the Philadelphia Polyclinic Hospital. In 1917 Doctor Van Fossen removed his offices to 322 East State Street, where he has an extensive practice, limited to the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. On April 5, 1908, Doctor Van Fossen was united in marriage with Miss Katherine Hobson, the daughter of George and Louisa (Walter-mire) Hobson, of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Hobson are deceased. Five children have been born to Doctor and Mrs. Van Fossen, as follows: William Sloss, Jr., born October 18, 1911; John H., born May 28, 1913 ; Mildred, born June 3, 1915 ; Theodore, born October 9, 1919 ; and Albert, born January 2, 1925. Doctor Van Fossen is a member of Broad Street Presbyterian Church, and belongs to East Gate Lodge No. 6,,3, Free and Accepted Masons, Ohio Chapter, R. A. M., York Council, Columbus Commandery, Knights Templar, Aladdin Temple, Mystic Shrine, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Knights of Pythias, Red Men, and Alpha Kappa Kappa medical fraternity. He is a member of the council of the Columbus Academy of Medicine, and belongs to the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1291 Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Society of Columbus, Ohio State Medical Society, and American Medical Association. Doctor Van Fossen is a Republican in politics. Morton S. Lupher who is engaged in the gas and oil producing business, with offices at 150 East Broad Street, Columbus, Ohio, is an outstanding figure in this important industry. He was born at Richburg, New York, December 13th, 1882, a son of Preston W. and Flora (Remer) Lupher. Preston W. Lupher was born at Bradford, Pennsylvania, in 1856 and his wife was born at Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1862. They were married in 1881 and to this union one child was born Morton S., the subject of this sketch. Morton S. Lupher was reared in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and educated in the public schools there and Grove City College, Pennsylvania. In 1898 he entered Doane Academy at Granville, Ohio, and then attended Denison University until the year 1903, at which time he went west and worked in the cattle country of North Dakota about one year. He returned to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1904 and was employed by The United States Supply Company for several months, when he came to Lancaster, Ohio, and was employed by The Logan Gas Company until 1906. He then engaged in drilling oil and gas wells as a contractor, operating principally in the Utica, Ohio, fields. At the opening of the Bremen oil fields he entered into partnership with his father and uncle, Cyrus A. Lupher, and they formed the Lupher Oil Company, which is still in successful operation. Later, in partnership with his father, he organized the Lupher Producing Company. During this time he was still active in the contracting business. In the year 1926 he combined his contracting business with Cline Brothers and entered in other partnership organizations with William Cline and others engaged in the production of oil and gas. He and his business associates own large interests in the oil and gas fields at Crooksville and Roseville, Ohio. In 1908 Morton S. Lupher was married at Lancaster, Ohio, to Miss Zell Rising of Lancaster. She died in 1921 and is buried at that 1292 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY place. She was a daughter of Rudolph and Rose (Sturgeon) Rising, the former a native of Champaign, Illinois, and the latter of Lancaster, Ohio, where they now reside. To Morton S. and Zell (Rising) Lupher were born the following children : Elizabeth, born July 18, 1910, at Lancaster, attended public schools, the Columbus School for Girls, was graduated from Dana Hall in the class of 1929, and is now a student in the Erskine School at Boston, Massachusetts ; and Jane Morton, born May 16, 1914, at Lancaster, attended public schools, and is now a student in the Columbus School for Girls. One son died in infancy. Mr. Lupher is a Republican and the family are members of the Episcopal Church. He is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the Shrine. He belongs to the Columbus Club, the Columbus Athletic Club, the Rocky Fork Hunt & Country Club and the Lancaster Country Club. He is a lover of all outdoor sports, and especially fond of boating, hunting and fishing. He has a summer home on Crooked Lake, at Alanson, Michigan. Otto J. Swisher Jr., M. D.—One of the representative young physicians and surgeons of Columbus is Doctor Otto Jay Swisher Jr., who has offices at 1970 Sullivant Avenue. He was born in this city, August 17, 1901, the son of Otto J., and Dora Opal (Kipp) Swisher. Otto J. Swisher Sr., was born at Groveport, Franklin County, in 1876. In early life he was a farmer, later a telegraph operator, and merchant. He engaged in the real estate business for a time in Columbus and is now identified with the Court of Domestic Relations. He takes an active part in local politics and is serving his second term as committeeman of the Fifth Ward. His wife is a member of one of the oldest families of Columbus. Her parents came here from Germany and became leading citizens of this community. To Mr. and Mrs. Swisher were born five children, three of whom survive: Otto J. Jr., the subject of this sketch ; Dorothy, twin sister of Otto J. Jr., lives at home ; and Bernhardt, merchant, lives in Columbus. Otto J. Swisher Jr., attended the public schools of Columbus, and was graduated from East High School in 1919. He then entered Ohio HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1293 State University, from which he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1927 ; did his interneship in Grant Hospital. He has since been located in Columbus, where he has already established an excellent practice. He also holds the office of deputy health commissioner of Columbus. Doctor Swisher is identified with the Columbus Academy of Medicine and is an active member of the Hill Top Medical Association of Columbus. He is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge, 32nd degree, and Shrine, and belongs to Alpha Mu Pi Omega medical fraternity. He holds the commission of lieutenant in the United States Medical Reserve Corps and is a member of the honorary military fraternity The Scabbard and Blade. Doctor Swisher is unmarried and lives with his parents in Columbus. Walter G. Clippinger, D. D., LL. D.—One of the most widely known educators of Ohio is Doctor Clippinger, who is president of Otterbein College, and a representative citizen of Franklin County. He was born at Lurgan, Pennsylvania, March 1, 1873, the son of Harry R. and Harriet R. (Gillan) Clippinger. Harry R. Clippinger was born in Pennsylvania on March 16, 1844, and died June 10, 1918. His wife, born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, September 24, 1846, died May 30, 1917. Both are buried at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. During his active career Mr. Clippinger was a farmer and carpenter. The boyhood of Walter G. Clippinger was spent in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and he attended the district schools. In 1894 he entered Lebanon Valley College at Annville, Pennsylvania, and after receiving his degree in 1899 spent three years at Bonebrake Seminary, Dayton, Ohio, where he received the degree of B. D. This was followed by graduate work at the University of Chicago during intervals between 1903 and 1911, and in the meantime Doctor Clippinger engaged in educational work as a teacher in Pennsylvania. He had also spent one year in the employ of Dodd Mead & Company, publishers of New York, and from 1903 until 1905 was engaged in the publishing work for the United Brethren Publishing House, of Day- 1294 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY ton, Ohio. Doctor Clippinger served as professor of religious education in Bonebrake Theological Seminary from 1905 until 1909, and in the latter year he was called to the presidency of Otterbein College. He is the author of "Student Relationship," a book intended for freshman orientation, which was published in 1926, and which has had a wide distribution among college administrators. Doctor Clippinger is also a frequent contributor to various magazines and educational journals. He is vice chairman and a member of the board of trustees of the International Council of Religious Education, and is president of the Ohio Council of Religious Education. He is also chairman of the council on legislation of the Ohio College Association, and is a member of the University Club of Columbus. He is also a member of the Commission of Fifteen of the Liberal Arts College Movement of America. On May 19, 1903, Doctor Clippinger was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Alverda Roop, the daughter of Henry J. and Justina Roop, of Highspire, Pennsylvania. Mr. Roop died in 1930. Mrs. Roop died in 1881. To Doctor and Mrs. Clippinger have been born three children : Donald R., Walter G., Jr., and Charlotte Elizabeth. Donald R. is assistant professor of chemistry at Ohio University. The other children are at home. Politically, Doctor Clippinger is a Republican. He and his family hold membership in the United Brethren Church. Charles Herman Egelhoff, president and general manager of The Egelhoff Studios Company, interior decorators, has built up a business in which he was practically a pioneer in Columbus and in which he may well take just pride. Mr. Egelhoff was born in Clinton County, Ohio, February 27, 1885, and is a son of Lewis and Emma (Cashatt) Egelhoff. Lewis Egelhoff was born in Germany in 1855 and came to the United States in 1874, settling in Clinton County, Ohio. He learned the shoemaker's trade in his native land and after coming to this country worked at his trade for a short time, but devoted most of his active career to farming. He is now living retired at 398 South HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1295 Central Avenue, Columbus. His wife, Emma Cashatt, was a native of New England, of old New England stock. Her brother, John Cashatt, will be remembered by the older generation as one of the pioneer cigar merchants of Columbus. Seven children were born to Lewis Egelhoff and wife, five of whom are living, as follows: Charles Herman, the subject of this sketch ; Wilmer E., living in Columbus ; John E., of the Egelhoff Studios Company ; Fred 0., also of the Egelhoff Studios Company ; and Theresa, wife of William Cleveland, of Columbus. Charles Herman Egelhoff was reared in Clinton County and attended the district school. He came to Columbus in 1901, where he entered the employ of the David C. Beggs Company. He was in the employ of this company for six years, where he acquired the experience which laid the foundation for his present business. In 1906 he became associated with Joseph M. Carter, an artist and interior decorator of unusual ability. This arrangement continued for several years when Mr. Egelhoff became associated with the McAllister-Mohler Company and the Green-Joyce Company, later engaging in business for himself on High Street over the McDonald Shop, January 1, 1918. Later he moved his business to 632 East Broad Street, and in January, 1928, he moved to 269 East Broad Street, where he is now located. Here his salesrooms, studio and factory are all located in one building. The Egelhoff Studios Company have a high reputation not only, in the city of Columbus, but throughout a large portion of the state,- for high class work in the art of interior decoration, and their business extends over a large scope of territory. Mr. Egelhoff was married February 27, 1909, to Miss Hazel K. Huckins, daughter of James M. and Nellie E. Huckins, of Springfield, Ohio, where Mr. Huckins was identified with the National Cash Register Company during the early period of its existence, and he and his wife still reside at Springfield. To Mr. and Mrs. Egelhoff have been born three children : Jane Kirk, who married Lester K. Moench, who is now associated with the Egelhoff Studios Company; Doris Ann, and Charles H., Jr., both of whom reside at home with their parents. Mr. Egelhoff is a Republican and a member of the Indianola Presbyterian Church. He is a member of Westgate Lodge, F. and A. M.; 1296 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY Ohio Chapter, R. A. M.; Columbus Council ; Knights Templar Commandery ; Scioto Consistory ; and Aladdin Temple. He is also a member of Achbar Grotto, The Elks, Athletic Club, Columbus Country Club, Brookside Country Club, Chamber of Commerce, and the Rotary Club. Henry Bertram Watters.—Prominent in the business life of Columbus is Henry Bertram Watters, general contractor, with offices in the Atlas Building, 8 East Long Street. He was born in Muscatine County, Iowa, May 18, 1880, the son of Hanson B. and Ruth Hannah (Parker) Watters. Hanson B. Watters was born in Belmont County, Ohio, in December, 1840, and died in June, 1910. He is buried in West Liberty, Iowa. His wife was the daughter of Lot Parker, a successful farmer of Muscatine County, Iowa. Their children were: Allen Parker, assistant postmaster, San Diego, California; William Leslie, druggist, West Liberty, Iowa; Vernon Gregg, vice president of the Savannah River Lumber Company, of Savannah, Georgia; and Henry Bertram, the subject of this sketch. Henry Bertram Watters grew up at Atalissa, Iowa, where he attended the public schools. He later was a student at Iowa City Academy and spent four years at Iowa State University, where he studied civil engineering. Mr. Watters began his professional career as a civil engineer in the Panama Canal. He then assisted in the survey of the Southern Pacific Railroad along the west coast of Mexico. During 1906-8 he built 125 miles of railroad in Peru, South America, which was at an elevation of eleven thousand feet in the Andes Mountains. While in Peru he also completed a contract in Canon DePato, which was seven miles in length and eight thousand feet deep. Mr. Watters considers this the most hazardous piece of work ever attempted by him. It was carried to completion by native labor and stands as a memorial to the great skill and ability possessed by Mr. Watters in the engineering field. This contract had been attempted by a party of English engineers just 35 years before Mr. Watters took it over, but they had failed completely after having HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1297 completed only two miles of railroad. This vast project was part of a railroad system 350 miles in length through the Andes Mountains. In 1918 Mr. Watters located at Springfield, Ohio, as chief engineer for the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railroad, now a part of the Pennsylvania Railroad System. Two years later he came to Columbus and opened offices opposite the Union Station on North High Street. Mr. Watters does general contracting, excavating, road building, and bridge construction work. He built the extension of the Sandusky Street Bridge over the Scioto River in Columbus, and also had the contract for Highway No. 7, in Belmont County, Ohio, which was a difficult piece of excavating and construction work. He is also connected with the Minerva Park addition, Columbus, and has the contracts for the road building, and sewer system in this large tract of land. On January 18, 1911, Mr. Watters married Miss Jennie Schroeder, the daughter of James and Jennie (McDonald) Schroeder, of Guttenburg, Iowa. He has served as postmaster of Guttenburg for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Watters have no children. Politically, Mr. Watters is a Republican. He holds membership in the University Club and Engineers Club. The family residence is at 1039 East Broad Street. Edgar Burnett Junkermann, M. D.—Numbered among the successful members of the medical profession of Columbus is Doctor Junkermann, whose practice is limited to internal medicine. He has offices at 35 East Gay Street. Doctor Junkermann was born at Nelsonville, Athens County, Ohio, February 19, 1892, the son of Dr. Charles F. and Ellen Leazenby (Welch) Junkermann. Dr. Charles Franklin Junkermann is one of the leading physicians of Columbus. He was born at Sugar Grove, Fairfield County, Ohio, January 12, 1862. He was educated in the public schools of that village and studied medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College of Chicago, from which institution he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1889. He then engaged in general practice in Nelsonville, Ohio, until 1896, at which time he removed to Lancaster, Ohio, where he remained until 1909. Since that date, Doctor Junkermann 1298 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY has been established in Columbus, where he specializes in internal medicine, with offices at 35 East Gay Street. His wife was born at Nelsonville, Ohio, September 12, 1866. The children born to Doctor and Mrs. Junkermann were: Anna Forbes (Mrs. Earl A. Butt), of Sapulpa, Oklahoma ; Charles Franklin, died in infancy ; Edgar Burnett, the subject of this sketch ; Lelia May (Mrs. Herbert F. Law), of Wheaton, Illinois ; and Carl Schulze, who received the degree of Doctor of Medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia in 1929, and after a year of postgraduate study of gynecology in Germany became associated with his father and brother in practice. Edgar Burnett Junkermann attended the public schools of Lancaster, Ohio, and was graduated from the North High School, Columbus, in 1909. He received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Ohio State University in 1913, after which he took up the study of medicine at the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital of Philadelphia. He was graduated from that institution in 1917, and at that time was commissioned in the Army for service in the World War. He served with the Medical Corps of the United States Army until January, 1919, and after his discharge established his practice in Columbus. Doctor Junkermann has met with unusual success in his practice and is considered one of the most capable young practitioners in the city. On December 28, 1915, Doctor Junkermann was united in marriage with Arita Shepard, of Seattle, Washington, the daughter of Jerome S. and Adaline (Lewis) Shepard, now residents of Columbus. For many years Mr. Shepard was engaged in ranching on Lake Chelan in Washington, living in Seattle in the winter. To Doctor and Mrs. Junkermann have been born four children : Ruth Eleanor, born December 8, 1918, Barbara Ann, born March 6, 1921, Charles Franklin, born December 2, 1922, and Stephen Edgar, born November 28, 1929. Doctor Junkermann is a member of Grace Lutheran Church. He is affiliated with the Masonic Lodge, and belongs to the University Club, and Alpha Sigma Medical Fraternity. He holds the rank of major in the Medical Reserve Corps of the United States Army. He is a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy, the Ohio HISTORY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY - 1299 State Homeopathic Medical Society, and the staff of White Cross Hospital. Doctor Junkermann and his family live at 351 Linwood Avenue, Columbus. Mark David Godfrey, M. D., who has had a thorough preparation and wide experience in the field of medicine is one of the successful physicians of Columbus. He was born at Cedar Mills, Adams County, Ohio, December 25, 1887, and is a son of Warren P. and Lucy (Henry) Godfrey, the former a native of McConnellsville, Ohio, born January 21, 1845, and the latter of Stockport, Ohio, born December 18, 1851. Warren P. Godfrey was a soldier in the Civil War. He entered the service when he was very young, becoming a member of Company E, 144th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war, and taught school for a time. Later he became a farmer. He died in 1909 and is buried at Waverly, Ohio. His wife died in 1905 and is buried at the same place. They were the parents of the following children : Myrtle, married Dr. Wm. H. Johnson, Waverly, Ohio ; Millicent, the widow of E. H. Easter, Columbus, Ohio ; Kathryn married Lewis Foreman, Manchester, Ohio, and Mark David, the subject of this sketch. Doctor Godfrey was reared in Adams County, and after completing the public schools there he engaged in teaching. He taught one year in Green Township, one year in Rome, Ohio, and two years in Ross County. He was graduated from Starling Medical College, now Ohio State University, in 1912 with a degree of M. D. In 1912-13 he served as interne at Mt. Carmel Hospital, Columbus, after which he took a post-graduate course at Johns Hopkins University. He then engaged in the practice of medicine in Columbus from 1913 to 1918. In 1918 he was commissioned a first lieutenant, in the Medical Corps of the United States Army, and sent to Ft. Oglethorpe, Georgia. After the Armistice was signed he served with the Army of Occupation in Germany, until December 31, 1920, when he resigned with the rank of captain. He then took post-graduate work in the University of Vienna from January until June, 1921. From July, 1921 until December, 1921, he did reconstruction and relief work in Czecho-