150 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

F. Ruby, A. Fuhn, C. Rafstok, W. P. Berge, W. P. J ackson, D. B. Wagner, C. A. Olds. F. P. Lutz, J. R. Wolfley, W. H. Eaton, H. A. Reif, E. Wilmore, J. G. Reyburn, A. T. Merz, J. N. Fortner, J. Hoffman, J. Haine, J. Kent, C. W. Sapp, E. S. Doll, A. D. Palentine, H. Hauk,

W. Miller, J. Meyers, W. Hott, J. N. Harris, C. O. Bayer, J. N. Rice.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain S. G. Davenport.

First Lieutenant William Graham.

Second Lieutcnant Samuel Boggs.

PRIVATES.

J. Gotschall, S. Colwell, J. Taylor, J. Davenport, W. B. Baird, D. Meacham, W. Morris, 0. Long,

J. 'I'. Sharp, Daniel Dunkle, H. Justice, T. Wrench, 'F. Cocke, M. Plank, J. Wagoner, J. Wrench, J. C. Cocke, C. Stairs, A. Rhoudes, A. B. Rhoades, F. Wider, P. Shain, D. Aukrone, J. Sims,

W. Syphard, W. Rush, G. Washington, B. Snyder, L. Riggin, E. Schwine, R. Howard, J. Taylor,

G. Johnson, J. W. Harding, J. Schwin, J. A. Johnson, P. Scanthire, W. Lucas, D. Adaffer,

L. Ely, H. Colwell, J. Baird, C. Merrow, S. Schoele, J. McKinley, G. D. Stulz, J. F. Kitsmiller, J. Tammany, J. P. Steely, C. Bitz, D. R. Baird, I. Trimmer, H. Wrench, H. Wood, W. Morris, S. C. Sharp, F. Hood, J. Wider, J. Reed, E. Stephens, J. Hanson, W. H. Schock, H. Kitsmiller, J. Wagoner, F. Sims, B. F. Wolfe, L. Snyder, W. Howard, F. Blosser, S. M. Howard, J. Wisler,

M. E. Oresbach, P. M. Householder, W. A. Harding, H. Morris, P. Dunkle, J. Lenox, S. B. Hersey, J. W. Stotson, A. Hanson. R. Trayback,

COMPANY C.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Andrew Boyle.

First Lieutenant Peter Lutz.

First Lieutenant John Hay.

Second Lieutenant James Myers.

PRIVATES.

L. M. Crow, O. Gleigh, H. Miner, S. C. Rodgers, J. Raub, S. Bell, D. Bell. P. Erstine, L. Betzer, G. W. Hall, H. Driesbach, J. Parcells, J. M. Crow, J. Rice, A. C. Rice, J. R. Rife, J. Williams, H. C. Earnest, J. C. Eicker, J. Bogle, J. W. Henton, R. Scanlin, U. S. Ross, W. F. Kerns, A. Roberts, C. Packman, G. W. Hurdle, Edd Hall, J. Miller, J. G. Ross, I. Igo, P. Warren, F. Huffman, T. Brundig, B. Funk, R. Sands, J. Longhry, jr., M. Primmer, S. L. Morris, W. H. Gruver, S. Parker, G. Wollington, W. Sands, Jacob L. Morris, J. H. Lingerell, W. Rice, P. S. Lutz, W. P. Hall, J. C. Hinton, J. Sands, G. S. Wallace, G. E. Black, J. A. Dresback, R. Pontious, J. W. Ross, W. Y. Ross, P. M. Widener, F. F. Huhn, H. Bogle, J. O. Bartlett, N. P. Rodgers, D. Russel, E. Lyon, G. A. W. Miller, J. H. Heuton, L. S. Gardner, L. Arledge, N. Farnerberner, J. Dodd, L. P. Stollard, W. L. Caldwell, G. Shank, J. Young, J. L. Morris, O. A. Wolf, J. Miller, H. McCabe, J. Chenoweth, R. Fuller, J. D. Wolf, D. Hurdle, J. Wisler.

COMPANY D.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Philip Warner.

First Lieutenant Chauncy Scutt.

Second Lieutenant William Miller

PRIVATE

G. Cook, T. MeNeal, R. A. Foresman, J. G. Rasor, J. A. Bateman, W. P. Thompson, S. S. Denny, W. Prescoat, W. E. Peter J. Wait, M. Croman, F. Ryan, T. Hollowood,. F. Hubbard, J. Hoover,

G. More, D. Wiegand, A. Johns, E. Painter, T. Sherron, J. Gillifillen, A. J. Guseman, E. Poindexter, R. Beaver, J. Chittum, J. Sutter, L. Strawser, D. T. Snyder, O. White, J. Mack,

F. W. Wollington, W. E. Forerman, D. Cline, P. Hanaway, J. Crable, J. Hoover; B. Smith, P. F. Willson, E. Weaver, F. Borden, S. Pennal, O. H. Guesman, E. Hoover, P. Mack, J. G. Doyle, J. Coak, J. Dowlar, J. N. Jones, J. Clark, E. Thrap, A. G. Jones, M. Graffis, J. Cave, O. Wright, C. S. Wink, B.; Murphy, J. Clark, G. Crawford, F. Davis, W. Chittum, E. Striker, J. Gibson, J. Davis, W. Tully, I. D. Miller, T. Washburn, J. Beers, J. F. Ott, J. Dowler, G. Hankinson,

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 151

G. Ward, A. Hott, T. J. Hall, H. Wells, W. S. Williams, J. E. Engle, D. M. Martin, H. Waller, T. Dolby, G. Ward, S. Doyle, G. Mavis, C. J. Nersmith, Morrow, J. Chittum, C. Drake, S. Smerl, T. Greenfield, M. Fisher.

COMPANY E.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain W. J. Cochran.

First Lieutenant Charles Evans.

Second Lieutenant James Lewis.

PRIVATES.

H. Sheflet, R. S. Gordon, J. A. Lloyd, W. W. Gooley, W. J. Bronner, N. Goaley, N. 'Timmons, A. O'Laughlin, A. Lindsay, A. S. Wadkins, T. J. Wadkins, H. T. Goaley, D. Wadkins, J. H. Goaley, J. Penniwell. W. A. Read, Benj. Coskwell, D. Farris, J. A. Funk, A. Kinney, W. Kirkpatrick.

J. H. Porter, B. A. Grimes, E. Garrison, J. Britton, A. J. Parker, W. R. Nichols, A. Hartsha,

J. W. Kirkpatrick, J. H. Ashur, P. Everett, J. Aid, T. Lewis, J. S. Cole, T. Milburn, W. Bruce,

C. Hickle, H. Justi, W. Fleetwood, J. Rowe, B. F. Jones, J. C. Ecord, M. Barry, J. Snyder, T. C. Haggard, W. White, C. Heiseman, C. J. Porter, J. H. Porte, C. McCrea, W. Timmons,

'I'. Glaze, T. Dailey, W. N. Gordy, I. Snyder, W. R. Lewis, O. Timmons, W. H. H. Timmon,

C. M. Hughes, D. L. Dundop, T. Howd, G. W. Parker, A. W. Adams, J. Mongald, H. Bowdle,

A. Trigger, S. Carder, T. Shanihan, A. J. Howser, G. Hine, J. Chaffee, D. Hoskins, G. Vlenboam,

S. Hoskins, A. J. Lewis, D. Tarabell, W. Trump, J. Lewis, jr., J. A. Elliott, T. B. Porter,

W. Maberry, H. Brittom, J. Erskine, A. Anderson, G. W. Marghim, G. W. Goodwin, J. Grimes,

C. Poste, A. Rowe.

COMPANY F.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain H. N. Peters.

First Lieutenant V. B. Pricht.

Second Lieutenant Harvey Trone

PRIVATES.

J. M. Long, G. Haning, H. Scothom, E. Westenhaver, F. A. Scotham, E. Broomhall, I. N. Broomhall, E. Want, H. Morris, S. Q. A. Blue, W. M. Peters, L. F. Cole, M. Morrell, I. Ward,

L. M. Broomhall, J. Saxton, J. W. Gillespie, J. McCoy, J. Ward, J. Payne, E. Wells, W. Reber,

G. Brinker, G. Spindler, H. W. Reber, A. McNight, P. Weaver, M. Peters, W. J. Weaver, J. P. Burwell, W. Ward, P. J. Etherton, O. N. Hedges, S. Miller, G. Hankison, T. Wadee, Levi Shawn,

H. Wells, T. Montgomery, G. Ward, M. Fisher, J. Cramer, A. P. A. Blue, I. I. Crookson, E. S. Hunter, J. Sterret, P. Abbott, B. F. Groom, J. W. Merric, W. H. Hunter, J. Cole, T. J. Dimmock, J. W. Johnston, J. M. Long, T. D. Scotharn, L. F. Widoe, W., L. Hebvering, S. O'Man, J. Hott, B. Wooddell, F. Allen, S. Brooks, D. Ward, G. Litten, S. Barcus, W. Wilkerson, J. Evans, J. F. Fisher, McE. Graphis, H. Smith, E. Newton, J. F. Jeffries, M. Matte, S. Nagle, A. Fausnaugh, H. Miller, N. Atter, F. Ward, I. Hines.

COMPANY G.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain William Scott.

First Lieutenant William Hill.

Second Lieutenant William Magill.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant L. B. Kelso.

Sergeant W. H. Picketing,

Sergeant R. G. Galbraith.

Sergeant W. B. George.

Sergeant F. M. Snyder.

PRIVATES.

J. Yokum, J. Fuller, J. Elliott, J. Swank, I. B. George, A. B. Hughes, J. Ridgway, H. Seymour, W. McKinley, J. Bolin, C. McKinley, W. T. Hewett, F. R. Coon, J. W. Hatfield, L. Halliday, W. Meesey, C. Swanck, S. Mckinley, T. Henan, C. Hastings, G. W. Shipley, F. Pullen, M. Syphert, J, O'Neal, W. C. Hill, H. Watson, W. Hoffey, J. Shepherd, J. Slenerock, G. Row, J. A. Pritchard,

J. Doherty, R. B. McKinley, J. A. Miller, S. M. Bright, C. B. Don, A. Moore, W. H. Collins, T. Pasker, J. M. Maupen, J. E. George, E. F. Row, J. Bassert, G. Ball, P. Swanck, T. Dennis, W. Stires, F. Denis, B. S. Nutter, W. Hastings, H. Seatzer, J. Hines, D. A. Whitesides, W. H. Gilland, H. Sigman, J. H. Beatherd, J. Straits, T. Trimble, C. Williams, A. Yokum,

152 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

F. M. Johnson, E. Smith, W. Marsh, A. P. Ridgway, J. Anderson, S. M. Fallen, G. Williams, M. Haffey, T. Darst, J. W: Smith, T. Martin, J. Fullen, J. Haffey, H. Toakum,  J. Collins.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT NATIONAL GUARD.

This regiment was mustered into service May 6, 1864, and was immediately ordered into West Virginia. Its aggregate strength was nine hundred and seventeen men. The time was occupied by drill until June 12th, when it reached Bermuda Hundred, and was assigned to the First division, Tenth army corps. On the 16th the division was ordered to destroy the Richmond & Petersburg railroad, and the One Hundred •and Thirty-third was assigned to the support of a battery. Some four miles of track was torn up and the division retired in good order. The regiment lost two men wounded in this affair.

July 17th, the regiment proceeded to Fort Powhattan, on the James, where it was employed in repairing a line of telegraph to Swain's Point. In this duty encounters with the enemy were common, in one of which the rebels killed two men in the regiment, whom they shamelessly mutilated and left naked in the public road. A detachment, sent out to avenge the outrage, succeeded in killing the leader of the gang and wounded another.

August l0th, the regiment proceeded to Washington city, and from thence to Camp Chase, when it was mustered out August 20, 1864.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Colonel Gustavus S. Innis.

Lieutenant-Colonel William Ewing.

Major Joseph M. Clarke.

Adjutant George W. Hayden.

Quartermaster Carl Bancroft.

Assistant Surgeon. Chauncey P. Landon.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Sergeant Major Wilson Hance.

Quartermaster Sergeant William Chandler.

COMPANY A.

Captain Joseph Steeley.

First Lieutenant James Waltmire.

Second Lieutenant Jefferson Darah

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant A. P. Pegg.

Sergeant J. W. Robins.

Corporal William Webster.

Corporal J. Webster.

PRIVATES.

PRIVATES

J. Bacon, H. Bull, J. Furguson, W. Garner, Kirkpatrick, J . Reader, J . Thompson, G. Butterberg, D. H. Brown, S. Furguson, H. Hanel, J. Mock, G. Strickland. M. Thompson, F. A. Webster.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Second Lieutenant Oliver Marion.

PRIVATES.

J. Campher, F. Drake, H. Landon, Peter Miller, E. Miller, C. W. McCloud, B. Sheldon, S. Brown, J. Fisher, sr., P. Miller, J. J. Miller, B. Meeks, G. Marion, G. Somers, W. E. Wilson.

COMPANY D.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Captain I.,. L. Meacham.

First Lieutenant H. A: Gintner.

NON-COMMISSIONED

Sergeant W. I. Gill.

Sergeant C. W. Smith.

Sergeant M. P. Gillesper.

Corporal W. O. Gintner.

Corporal J. Ranney.

Corporal J. B. Cornell.

Corporal L. P. Hager.

Sergeant C. H. Kirk.

Sergeant T. C.. Tibbitts,

Corporal C. W. Phelps.

Corporal G. W. Robinson.

Corporal I. A. Lawson.

Corporal A. Mattoon.

Wagoner A. Adams.

PRIVATES.

H. Ambrose, J. Alexander, N. Brinkerhoff, W. Y. Bartels, L. Cront, J. Carver, W. Clark, C. Dyxon, D. Dusenbery, F. Drake, J. N. Fonts, N. W. Grinnell, J. Getzendanna, J. Goldsmith,

J. L. Gishpan, J. Holmes, J. N. Hutches, F. Kinder, W. Landon, J. Lackorsin, W. Miller, A. Oldham, J. H. Prinney, J. Ranney, L. R. Reily, D. A. Shaff, H. Spring, V. Schrock, G. Scobey,

W. O. Tobey, W. Vambaugh, J. B. Walters, S. Wright, T. I. Miller, S. Brinkerhoff, C. W. Bryant, G. W. Clark, M. Clapham, J. R. Clark, W. Clapham, I. W. Dyxon, E. F. Davis, E. Ferris, J. Gill, J. Gailey, F. E. Gravind, P. Galiger, R. G. Gargrove, W. Hawkins, G. W. Kritzinger, P. B. Bartels, J. Laird, J. Lousin, J. Noble, G. Perry, H. D. Prinney, D. Ranney, C. C. Rase, D. Smith, H. Schrock, J. Schrock, S. Strong, E. Vance; W. Watson, C. P. Weaver, W. Wilson.

COMPANY E.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Ellis H. Heagler.

Second Lieutenant Geo. W. Lakin

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John E. Price.

Sergeant Samuel W. Lakin.

Sergeant Charles Dante.

Corporal Edwin R. Delashmutt.

Corporal Addison Adams.

Corporal Robert A. Bredsford.

Corporal Joseph H. Fisher.

Musician John Q. A. Bown..

Sergeant James W. Michael.

Sergeant Edward S. Churchman.

Corporal William Woods, jr.

Corporal Lucus B. Goff.

Corporal John H. Snouffer.

Corporal William E. Gray.

Musician David Snouffer.

Wagoner William S. Adams.

PRIVATES

Minor G. Andrus, David F. Barker, James Bannon, William C. Billingsley, Hugh H. Ashbaugh, Sheldon Bennett, Israel Berry, William H. Billingsley,

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 153

Newman H. Bowers, David H. Brelsford; Emery Bridges; Marcus Case, John Cramer, Asa Davis, Jackson ElIiott, Reuben H. Fuller, Henry Gilbert, Nelson H. Hall, John Joslin, Daniel C. Lakin, John D. Lane, William McCammel, Samuel Mateer, Edmond Payne, Parker P. Pingsee, Mathias H. Richards, Emmit A. Swayne, Samuel M. Sullivan, Abraham Stagg, John T. Tuller, Robert Walcott, John B. Warner, George W. Warner, Peter Walters, Joseph Wilson, Lawrence Wilcox, William E. Wilson, Sylvester Butterfield, George W. Brelsford, Calvin E. Bristol, John Campnell, Morris M. Daniels, William Engle, David Eldrick, Michael Groft, Abraham A. Grimes, Henry Hodson, Harlem F. Johnston, Benjamin F. Lane, Charles Mitchel, Washington Mateer, Henry Nedds, David M. Pence, Charles Presley, George B. Snouffer, John B. Snouffer, George Somers, Talton J. Thomas, Henry Vanderwert, William Walcott, George M. Warner, John A. Warner, John Wilcox, Washington W. Wilcox, John L. B. Wiswell, Nathan C. Yonel

COMPANY F.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain L. H. Webster.

First Lieutenant W. S. Ridenhour.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant O. P. Price.

Sergeant W. H. Moon.

Sergeant A. Ross.

Sergeant F. Spangler.

Sergeant H. Zinn.

Corporal J. W. Ault.

Corporal F. S. Brady.

Corporal R. M. Peckham.

Corporal N. Starrett.

Corporal D. Stelzer.

Corporal G. R. Turney.

Corporal J. H. Rees.

Corporal W. Creighton.

Musician J. M. Hauff.

Msician L. Harris.

Wagoner T. Neiswiner.

PRIVATES

A. Arnold, W. Burwell, S. Baskwell.

COMPANY G.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain Edward Fisher.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Sylvester M. Sherman.

Sergeant Harris Dimmick

Corporal Henry C. Bennett.

Wagoner Theodore Wareham.

COMPANY H

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Samuel W. Williams.

First Lieutenant Charles H. Parsons.

Second Lieutenant William H. Miller.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.,

First Sergeant Charles H. Decker.

Sergeant Leo Lesqnereux,

Sergeant Alfred Ritson.

Sergeant O. A. B. Senter.

Sergeant Robert E. Sheldon.

Corporal Charles Butler. 

Corporal Samuel A. Decker.

Corporal James Glover.

Corporal Marmassa Jones.

Corporal Richard H. Leavite.

Corporal Henry O. Kane.

Corporal Addison G. McKee.

Corporal John S. Roberts.

Musician Robert Dawson.

Musician James M. Goss.

Wagoner Ovis B. Galloway.

PRIVATES

Charles T. Arons, Sterne F. Aspinwall, George Allison, Alexander Brown, Charles Barnhart, George W. Bright, Philip Briamick, Howard L. Booth, William Dawson, Henry Emrich, William Fenee, John Helsel, William H. Harrison, Samuel Hennesey, John H. Hubbard, Wilson Hume, William S. Jones, William McKenzie, Robert Morrison, Edward Minor, James Olaham, John E. Powell, Amos J. Pickering, Frank R. Parsons, William S. Ridgway, Charles Sietiest, Henry Scott, Claudius Thomas, Tohn T. Tuller, Henry W. Wing, Robert M. Westwater, John Wooley, Silas Allen, William H. Andrews, Nathan Butler, Charles S. Bergin, Morris Talton J Rufus Brown, George Beamiguns, Charles Davis, Jerry Douglas, Henry Frass, Robert Fickel, Henry Hill, Joseph Howerd, Edward Hurd, Benjamin F. HumphWing, Henry M. Innis, William Lewis, Robert H. Morton, Theodore Murray, Morgan Neville, Samuel Parks, Stephen Pierce, Samuel Peters, John M. Pace, Gregory Ropp, Charles W. Stiewry, Henry Stickney, Albert Trunnel, John H. Volk, Horace W. Wollcott, George White, William P. Wooley, Elijah J. Williams.

COMPANY I.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Second Lieutenant James A. Stockton.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Lucien G. Thrall.

Corporal David Deshler.

Corporal Albert J. Frankenberg.

Corporal John T. Geary.

Musician Henry W. Field.

PRIVATES.

Jacob Albright, Elbert C. Brown, John Ender, Siron Fisher, Charles A. Howle, Adam Kinnell, Jacob Lawson, Jonathan Looker, Ogden Mallory, Otis Neercamer, Milligan A: Preston, Charles F. Ricketts, Edward K. Stewart, Francis T. Snyder, James Stephens, Sylvester Avery, Adelbert Dickson, Herman Erlenbush, Gustavus S. Grate, Albert Hymrod, John A. King, Nathaniel Lytle,

Cornelius Lisk, Andrew Noe, Daniel Olitat, Samuel B. Rohrer, Griffin Roberts, Howard C. Smith, Lewis Seivert, Cyrus Tufts, Charles D. Willard.

COMPANY K.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant John W. Swisher.

Sergeant Adam Rarey.

- 20 -

154 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

Corporal Charles W. Farrington.

Corporal William S. Hopkins.

Corporal William Kile.

Corporal John P. Sharp.

Corporal Andrew J. Smith.

Wagoner James Sandy.

PRIVATES:

William Cramer, John Cummins, James R. Davidson, J. W. D. Donaldson, William Forsythe, William. Fisher, William J. Goodson, Joseph C. Gardener, Eli Hltler, Aaron Jackson, Robert A. Kile, Andrew D. Kraner, Thomas Lattimer, Alfred Lukens, James Lilly, Louis Morehead, Ervin T. Swisher, John W. Scott, Milby Townsend, Nathan Vance, William White, Ed. W. Cummins, George H. Dildine, Constantine Davidson, Jeremiah Ellis, Lawrence Ferguson, Edward R. Foreman, Garnett Gardener, Robert W. Goodson, Abner Henderson, Albert Kalb, James A. Kile, John King, John C. Loos, Philip Lilly, Henry McClish, John Roan, Andrew J. Smith, Nathan P. Toy, William J. Townsend, Robert L. Willie, Jacob Yarger.

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT.

COMPANY I. 

Mustered into service May 16, 1864.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Lieutenant John Mitchell.

Second Lieutenant Oscar L. R. French.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

J. M. Turner,

J. R. D. Seeds.

PRIVATES.

L. Brown, H. Blackstone, G. Cull, Asa Dana, J. Gallaher, E. Hoy, E. Heggins, M. Iden, G. Livingston, M. Norman, H. Rule, W. Taylor, J. Wibbling, W. Blackstone, E. Baker, J. Dance, A. Ennhiser, A. Goodrich, J. Hoy, D. L. Iden, M. D. Klimpet J. Maine, T. Ozman, J. Spens, R. Vannatta, A. Wensie, J. Zugur.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT NATIONAL GUARD.

The Ninety-second regiment and the Forty-fourth battalion Ohio national guard were consolidated at Camp Dennison, forming the regiment named at the head of this sketch.

It was mustered into the service May 1, 1864, and the next day started for New Creek, West Virginia. Upon the arrival there it was ordered to Martinsburg, where it performed garrison duty until June 3d, when it moved to Washington city. From there it proceeded to White House; thence to Bermuda Hundred, and thence to City Point, where it remained until the 29th, when it was ordered to Norfolk. Here the regiment was placed in the entrenchments. July 26th five hundred men of the regiment marched. to Elizabeth City, North Carolina, and were here. held in reserve, while the cavalry raided the country, securing cotton, tobacco, and horses, after

which it returned to Norfolk. On August 19th the regiiment was ordered to Ohio for muster out. It arrived at Camp Dennison, and was mustered out of service August 27, 1864.

ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.

Mustered into service May 1, 1864.

FIELD AND STAFF.

Colonel Harley H. Sage.

Major Roswell Shurtliff.

Adjutant Thomas J. Watkins.

Quartermaster Joseph Wallace.

Chaplain Samuel L. Bright,

Sergeant-Major Charles N. Dodd.

Commissary Sergeant Joseph B. Dunlap.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain T. J. Stephens.

First Lieutenant S. G. Davenport.

Second Lieutenant J. T. Oliver.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant James A. Hart.

Sergeant Samuel Schoch.

Sergeant Jacob Huffman.

Sergeant Henry Bailey.          3

Sergeant C. A. Olds.

Corporal J. T. Gray.

Corporal R. C. Brumer.

Corporal Samuel Walters.

Corporal James A. Johnston.

Corporal John Taylor.

Corporal J. H. Hoober.

Corporal D. S. Bailey.

Corporal John Wehe.

Drummer William P. Jackson.

PRIVATES.

J. L. Aldridge, S. W. Brown, Fred. Blosser, Frank Bitsor, Joseph Baird, Amos Cook, Hugh Callan, W. S. Crouse, E. B. Clarke, William Carper, J. B. Dunlap, C. N. Dodd, J. W. Davenport, William Eskridge, Ed. Fitzpatrick, John Gotehall, Jerome Hunsicker, Henry Hank, J. H. Hall,

J. K. P. Hopleton, P. M. Hayseholder, George Harmount, Adam Kuhn, Joshua Lee, W. S. McAllister, R. 'H. Moore, Jonas Metzger, Jacob Metzger, John Needham, Theodore Palmer, Fred: Rudy, George Rose, Samuel Rowland, William Suphard, James Taylor, John Wolfley, Henry Williams, C. Robstock, B. F. Beard, Jacob Brown, Charles Brindley, D. C. Beaver, W. B. Baird, G. L. Croakham, Henry Crist, Henry Carry, Cain Carver, G. W. Downs, Harvy Downey, C. N. Dood, M. E. Dreisbach, A. W. Ernheart, A. Foressman, John Henry Harris, William Hott, J. N. Harris, William Howard, Fred. Hood, G. O. Irwin, James Kent, J. L. Moore, James R. Maderia, A. Morris, A. J. Mertz, Charles Morrow, Thomas Orpwood, A. A. Prugh, John Rayburn, J. P. Richardson, William Stetson, John Schwin, Fred. Vincent, Jerome Wides, J. D. Wright, H. Campbell, W. B. Baird.

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 155

COMPANY C.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry W. Peters.

First Lieutenant John B. Smith.

Second Lieutenant Van B. Pritchet.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Lavelle H. Battele.

Sergeant Levi Shawhn.

Sergeant Frank Scothorn.

Sergeant John J. Cookson.

Sergeant Josiah Ward.

Corporal James Ward.

Corporal James Reno.

Corporal McElvene Graphs.

Corporal Lenara Widoe,

Corporal Milton Morrel.

Corporal James M. Long.

Corporal Joash M. Long.

Corporal Jasep Pressett.

PRIVATES.

Flavius Allen, Cyrus Augustine, John Burwell, jr., Isaac N. Broomhall, Joseph Brown, Joseph Bell, William Burnet, Isaac Bashfor, Joseph Cole, Henry Caldwell, George Etherington, Andrew Fausnaugh, Henry C. Fellows, Thomas N. Fields, Charles Gilman, John H. Hott, Obed N. Hedges, William Helvering, George Litton, Albert McKnight, Hiram Miller, William May, Samuel Morris, George Morrison, William Peters, Benjamin Pontious, Henry W. Reber, Jacob Rundie, Henry Smith, E. Wrants, Benjamin F. Wooddelf James Wananke, Andrew Appil, Absalen Blue, Eli Broomhall, Lindley N. Broomhall, George Brown, John H. Bushnell, John R. Booth, William S. Bonnell, John Cramer, John R. Davis, Parcus Etherington, Fenis Fausnaugh, Benjamin H. Fowns, Wilmot Gavin, John Hedges, William H. Hunter, George Hankison, James W. Johnson, James Morison, Samuel Miller, Joseph Miller, James McCoy, John W. Messick, Emanuel O' Man, Jefferson Payne, William H. Riffe, Elijah Rundie, Michael Lasff, J. D. Scothorn, Daniel Ward, George Ward, Emanuel Westenhar, George Spindler

COMPANY E.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Will. Scott.

First Lieutenant William Graham.

Second Lieutenant William H. McGill.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Levi B. Kelso.

Sergeant Robert Galbraith.

Sergeant F. M. Snyder.

Sergeant Joseph H. Pritchard.

Sergeant David R. Baird.

Corporal Samuel Whitesel.

Corporal Ezra F. Rowe.

Corporal James W. Elliott.

Corporal James W. Swank.

Corporal Jackson Fullen.

Corporal W. T. Hewitt.

Corporal John Bolen.

Corporal William McKinloy.

PRIVATES.

Joseph G. Beathard, John Buzzard, William Baggs, George W. Ball, Charles Betts, John Dougherty, Joseph Dolin, David Dennis, Samuel M. Fullen, Isaac V. George, Morris Hafey, Thomas Heenan, John Hines, Richard Howard; James J. Johnson, jr. , Job F. Kitsmiller Cornelius McKinley, William Marsh, William Moore, Joseph McKinley, James O'Neil,

F. M. Peel, Alexander P. Ridgway Adam Roths, Lorenzo D. Riggin, Peter Swank, William Steres, Mathias Syphert, John Strait, John J. Simons, A. A. Van Honten, Henry Watson, William Whistman, Henry W. Warner, John Wrench, H. H. Yoakum, R. S. Yeaington, James Collins, Charles B. Dowe, George Dennis, Franklin Fullen, Isaiah Fitzwater, William Hafey, Lewis Holliday, Charles Hastings, John W. Hatfield, I. R. Johnson, William Johnson, I. N. Manpin, Samuel McKinley, Thomas Martin, Washington Morris, William McKinley, Thomas Parker, George Rowe, James Ridgway, Adam B. Roths, Henry Seymour, Cyrus Swank, Henry Slatzer, John W. Smith, Howard M. Steward, James Trimole, David A. Whiteside, L. 0. Warner,

Hiram P. Wood, Jacob Wagner, Abel R. Yoakum, P. K. Young, L. Q. Yetzger, H. T., Yalveldt.

COMPANY H.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain J. D. Mundell.

First Lieutenant J. M. Clark.

Second Lieutenant Isaac Carfrey.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant H. B. O'Harra.

Sergeant Edward Rayn.

Sergeant J. L. Miller.

Sergeant T. J. Harbor.

Sergeant J. G. Mundell.

Corporal William R. Bunch.

Corporal J. W. Duren.

Corporal W. M. Harlor.

Corporal George C. McKee.

Corporal Mathias Hott.

Corporal John Grove.

Corporal S. C. Holland.

Corporal I. N. Green.

PRIVATES.

R. A. Satch, T. J. Beckett, H. C. Bensil, R. D. Cherry, Thomas Duffield, John Fairbanks, B. F. Fulcher, Isah Green, Alwir Gibson, Adam Groves, Hiram Hill, A. Hathaway, Robert Humphreys,

S. A. Johnston, John Hees, O. S. Martin, R. N. Miller, John McClain, John Powell, H. Propeck, Samuel Beesman, Thomas Sample, Mat. Beautherds, Theo. Beskhead, John Beers, Joseph Crabb, William H. Darrett, Henry French, John Fling, Henry Gochenour, John Gibson, Thomas Harlor A. P. Hewitt, R. D. Hudson, John Johnston, J. M.. Kingery, William Lerch, F. McElery, J. H. Jonathan McKinney Lanson Pursell, J. T. Beesman, George C. Rigby, A. Smith;

156 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

J. M. Strader, George Simpson, Samuel Sines, J. H. Thorn, A. A. Van Houten, J: C. Ward,

J. A. Wood, Marcus Welch, Emen Wheaton, Allen Wheaton; Alfred Wilkens, D. W. Strader, Elihu Spencer, John Sines, J. R. Perry, J. D: Van Fleet, W. H. Wicks, R. S. Webb, Devenport Welch, J. C. Welch, Elisha Wilkens, Franklin Welsh, T. H, Wilson.

COMPANY I.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain William J. Cochran

First Lieutenant Charles C. Evans.

Second Lieutenant James M. Lewis.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Joseph W. Kirkpatrick.

Sergeant Henry D. Seymour;

Sergeant David Wadkins.

Sergeant Deming Hoskins.

Sergeant Ausmons Rowe.

Corporal William J. Bonner.

Corporal Thomas Garrison.

Corporal Abraham Anderson.

Corporal Isaac powers

Corporal Robert McCurdy, jr.

Corporal James Timmons.

Corporal Isaac Snyder.

Corporal Joseph H. Gooley.

PRIVATES

Joseph Aid, James Asher, Jesse Britton, Hiram M. Bennett, Martin Barry, Samuel Carder, James S. Cole, Daniel L. Dundon, John A. Elliott, John A. Fank, John Grandstaff, Henry T. Godley, George W. Godwin, William J. Grimes, Thomas C. Haggard, Parley C. Houser, Henry Jester,

John Lewis, jr., William R. Lewis, Charles C. Crea, James A. Milborn, George W. Maughmer, William R. Nichols, William Parker, C. L. Patterson, Vesp,acian Phebus, George W... Parker, William A. Reeds, Thomas Shanahan, David Shears, Nathaniel Timmons, Andrew Trego, William Tilford, Lewis T. Winecoop, Albert W. Adams, James W. Black, William Bruce, Harrison Brown, Benjamin Corkwell, Ezra B. Champlin, Timothy Daily, Jacob Everett,

John Erskine, William Girten, Ransom S. Gerdon, Thomas Glaize, Jefferson Grimes, Chris. Heiserman, Carey T. Haynes, Monroe Hoagland, William Johnson, Andrew J. Lewis,

John A. Loyd, Jacob Mongold, William Moberry, Samuel Miller, Anthony O'Laughlin, Charles K. Park, Fred. R. Probert, Andrew J. Parker, James A. Ramy, James Rowe, John Snyder,

Marion Strope Owen Timmons, Riley Tatman William White, Darius Walston, Wesley Wymer

FIRST REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.

COMPANY E.

Mustered into service August 30, 1861.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Beroth B. Eggleston.

First Lieutenant Michael J. Alkire.

Second Lieutenant Erastus R. McNeal.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John C. O'Harra.

Quartermaster Sergeant Tarlton C. Collins.

Sergeant A. D. Lutz. Sergeant Robert C. Manley.

Sergeant Lemuel Dewey. Sergeant Qeorge W. Kees.

Corporal Frederick Walter. Corporal Jonas Smith,

Corporal Henry E. Rector. Corporal Thomas Spink.

Corporal Joshua McClintick.

Corporal Patrick Skehan.

Bugler Edward Clark.

Bugler Charles Korninn.

Farrier Andrew P. Kingsbury.

Wagoner James Anderson.

PRIVATES.

LeGrand Anderson, Milton Ater, Alexander Alkins, Jeremiah Barton, John Burton, William Brown, John Bland, Hugh Cochran, Thomas Dugan, Ezra F. Ellis, Barney Folay, Murcus Gilmore, Charles Greene, Elias High, Thomas-V. Harper, James Herie, Washington Irvin, Jacob Honkle, William Lomasny, David Medzger, Willis McGath, Alfred McMillen, Joseph Nihiger, Michael Powers, James Quinn, Thomas Sands, Jonas Lees, Reuben Shugart, William Standen, William Stew-- art, George Vaughn, Charles W. Walterhouse, George Wells, Jacob Yarh ouse.

COMPANY K.

Mustered into service October 1, 1861.

Quartermaster-Sergeant Abijah S. Chears.

Sergeant John Lucas.

Sergeant Asa L. Reese.

Corporal John W. Chapin.

Saddler John Leach.

PRIVATES.

David Anderson, Martin Brant, Jarvis J. Calvert, James C. Clements, Jeremiah C. Clements, Tyler Dorsey, Henry H. Hersh, John Hassan, Joshua Hertzell, Daniel Longnecker, William Miller, Elias Medley, David Nedror, Abraham S. Orr, George Peal, Frederick, Reef, Samuel H. Reed, Matthew Williams, Frederick Wedo, Francis W. Williams, Christian Zebold.

FOURTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER- CAVALARY

COMPANY F.

Mustered into service November 12, 1861.

Corporal Thomas Goff,

PRIVATES.

Joseph Bitz, Elias Fink, Edward Loughridge, Hugh McAleer, Lafayette Shadrick.

FIFTH BATTALION OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.

COMPANY A.

Mustered into service July 9, 1863, for the period of six months.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain John F. Ijams.

First Lieutenant Michael Halm.

Second Lieutenant John W. Cox.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Johns Nelson.

Quartermaster Sergeant Charles A. Poland.

Commissary Sergeant Emery McDermith.

Sergeant Richard H. Osgood.

Sergeant Jacob S. Metheney.

Sergeant James C. Millis.

Sergeant Robert M. Lilley.

Sergeant Joseph H. Cloud.

Corporal James Gillen.

Corporal Mortimore C. Kerr,

Corporal William Gault.

Corporal Ason Spencer.

Corporal Thomas W. Hedges.

Corporal Homer J. Budd.

Corporal Augustine Starr.

Artificer Godfrey Byerley.

Artificer James Biggs.....

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 157

Wagoner Robert Chadwick:

Bugler Solomon Timmens.

PRIVATES.

David A. Altman, George Andrew, Frederick Altman, James Alexander, Frederick Blenker, Henry Baker, John Beitle, Robert Bell, Samuel H. Banner,, Jacob Basinger, Jacob Bowen, George J. Butler, Mordica Beecher, John Behr, James A. Brooks, Horatio Cox, jr., John Cloud, Jacob Derrick, Harrison R. Dougherty, Charles A. Dean, Norman Dixson, Lewis Dewitt, Simon Fought, John Flickiker, William. H. Flack, Abraham Fairman, William Ginder, Isaac Huffman, Charles Hinman, Charles A. Howle, Charles N. Hafer, Homer Hoover, John Honch, George Hopper, Robert Howell, Thomas F. Jones, David W. Johns, Francis M. Leonard, Samuel L. Kirk, Oliver Kelley, Henry Kanfelt, George V. Lott, William S. Latham, William Little, George Merlon, George Merrill, Boston M. McEwen, Perrin Morris, Henry Moccabee, David Meeter, Martin V. Nestey, Nelson Ogden, Samuel S. Peters, Grafton Pierce, William H. Peters, Joseph B. Richards, James B. Rusk, Robert Riordnere, Charles Robins, John Robins, George B. Seltzer, John S. Slade, John W. Sager, William Sharp, Hamilton Scott, Isaac Simmons, Marsden H. Sammis, Lewis D. Slaughter, William Shom, Joseph Stewart, George S.. Smith, Henry Thompson, Philip Meyer, Luther S. Woods, Frank Wolf, Alfred D. Wier.

COMPANY B.

Mustered into service August 20, 1863.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Corporal Reason H. Walfhill.

Corporal Davidson Constantine:

PRIVATES.

Samuel Baringer, Peter Bates, Cornelius Ditsler, James R. Davidson, Thomas Jones, Jacob McNiemer, Michael Mainy, Alphus Stendebarker, Henry Frontman.

COMPANY D.

Mustered into service September 2, 1863.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain James B. Rusk.

First Lieutenant John Nelson.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant James I. O'Harra.

Sergeant James M. Taylor.

Sergeant Thomas W. Hunter.

Sergeant Lewis Smith.

Sergeant Willson S. Worthington.

Sergeant George Croforth.

Sergeant James A. Clark.

Corporal Joseph A. Ruse.

PRIVATES.

George Alkier, Sheldon Bennett, Frank Bloomfield, James Clark, Lester Cooley, Frank D.etoel, David Davis, Samuel Fravell, Samuel Francis, John Flickinger, Presley Fields, William H. Gales, Frederick Graul, Lovett F. Gcrcrin, Wallace Hamilton, James A. Holmes, Jacob Innis, Frederick Kittswater, John Long, William Fi. Lee, William Londenslagen, John H. Miller, Daniel Miller, Ransselen Martin, Edwin Peters, George W. Humor, Barnhart Ritter, Lyman Sands, William H. Sherwood, Ambrose Sperry,. Furguson Taylor, William Westerville, Henry L. Wilcox, Joel H. Worthington, Edward Watson, .Henry Wing, James Japisson.

NINTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.

COMPANY D.

Mustered into service January 16, 1863.

PRIVATES.

John Depew, John Drury, Elijah Harrington, Richard Haslem, Cyril R. Hickman, Peter McDonnell, Hocking H. Smith, Henry Wells.

COMPANY E.

Mustered into service September 4, 1863.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry Plessner.

First Lieutenant C. W. Breyfogle.

Second Lieutenant St. Clair J. Fechner.

PRIVATES.

William J. Barnett, Jeremiah B. Donley, John Fricy, John W; Giberson, Edward Hickey, Adam Hasie, Wesley Melling, Samuel McRoss, John Oats, John Pilger, Merritt Rice, Norman W.. J. Stomp, Isaac C. Tipton, James Whittam, Mack Wood, John Williams.

COMPANY F.

Mustered into service September 18, 1863.

PRIVATES.

Horace S. Atkins, Amos H. Cole; George -.Earl, Lucius French, Thomas R. Grant, George W. Meachem, James Maxwell, William P. t Moulton, William Ogle, Hiram Walcutt.

COMPANY L.

Mustered into service December 15, .1863.

PRIVATES.

William Ager, James F. Aukram, James M. Boyd, Daniel Campbell, John Davidson, Sampson G. Dowdell, Henry Engle, Francis M. Hinton, Uriah Hadley, Cloud Johnson, Elliott B. McKeever, Joseph Moore, Richard McMullen.

COMPANY M.

Mustered into service December 16, 1863.

PRIVATES.

Azariah Taylor, Jeremiah Tinsman, John. Wines.

TENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.

COMPANY D.

Mustered into service February 10, 1863.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Quartermaster-Sergeant Marcus A. Haymi.

Corporal Jacob Baker.

Corporal Charles T. Pickett.

Blacksmith Christopher Sheeks.

Blacksmith Fred Burns.

PRIVATES.

Samuel R. Banter, William J. Conn, Daniel Potter, Charles W. Right, John Simon.

TWELFTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY:

COMPANY D.

Mustered into service November 24, 1863.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Orange Sells.

First Lieutenant. John W. Armstrong.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Daniel H. Converse.

Sergeant George Buckley.

Sergeant Simon C Gundy.

Sergeant Thomas J. Armstrong.

Sergeant Nelson A. Latham.

Sergeant James A. Wiley.

Corporal Adrian Shaw.

Corporal Henry H. Finch.

Corporal James Macfield.

Corporal Andrew N. McGinnis.

Corporal George Browbeck.

Bugler Enoch Bricker.

Bugler Theodore Legner.

Farrier Phillip Hann.

Farrier Zachariah Lape.

Saddler George W. Wicks.

Wagoner Thomas M. Armstrong.

PRIVATES.

Mandeville Adkins, Bennett M. Arnold, John C. Armstrong, George W. Armstrong, Noah Blowser, Edward Brown, George W. Brown, Jonn G. Bowser, George S. Bailey, Henry Baswell, James Burget, Patrick Conway, James Callahan, George R. Crego, Dennis Clemmins, Daniel H. Campbell, Lewis Claybaugh, Levi Cashdollor, Thomas B. Dulin, Albert Dorsey, John Q: Ellis, William B. Edwards, Jacob Edgar, Alfred Fickle, Michael Flinn, William H. Farshi, Andy Frank, Oscar Frazell, Aaron Foster, Nelson Fickle, Charles Gasson, Isaac R. Garrett, John Green, John S. Graybill, Joseph Hiser, John Harney, Edward Hickey, William Hickson, Thomas Haggard, David Johns, James P. Latham, John Lee, Edward J. Lattison, Peter Matz, Michael Murphy,

Mark McClellan, John Moore, William McDonald, Andrew Moore, Robert Patterson, Michael Powell, James C. Rogers, John A. Spencer, John A. Spellman, Henry Seburn, Myers Scofield, Enoch W. Stockwell.,

158 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

William Stoneriter, Barnett Shafer, Isaac Sinsibaugh, Gabriel Turner, George Vanschryck, Aaron Wycuff, John T. Walcutt, George M. Wagener, Richard Williams, Oliver Woodard, Azariah Wright, William Wallace, George Wickley, James L. Wallcut, George Dixon, Patrick Mathews.

COMPANY H.

Mustered into service November 5, 1863.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain Thomas K. Parkinson.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Elza Z. Davis.

Sergeant William C. Hanna.

Bugler George McCoy.

PRIVATES.

John W. Ader, George S. Bethel, William Beymer, John W. Dillehay, Miller McCollum, John P. Pollock, Joseph Quinby, Samuel Romesberg, Andrew E. Scott, John Shipman, Joseph Wackerly, Lewis Tisdale

COMPANY I.

Mustered into service November 24, 1863. Saddler George Discom.

PRIVATES.

Samuel Bartley, Thomas Cresop, George W. Cook, John Downs, John Em rick, John R. Emrick, John H. Godard, Thomas H. Hamilton, Hugh Hamilton, Jeremiah Jones, William Raypoole, Nelson Ross, John W. Stokes.

COMPANY L.

Mustered into service November 12, 1863.

Quartermaster Sergeant James D. Coffman.

Private Jacob Heck.

COMPANY M.

Mustered into service November 24, 1863.

Private Charles R. McCarty.

THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OHIO -VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.

COMPANY A.

Mustered into service October 31, 1864.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Francis C. Russell. Second Lieutenant Charles Parker.

PRIVATES.

George Marqnart, George Modern, Mles McEller, John H. Miller, Granville Russell, William L. Stouch, John Short, Herman Teechman, Charles A. Welsh, George Mertz, Julius Shelly.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain Benjamin.F. Cling.

PRIVATES.

Alexander Bremison, Samuel B. Fate, .Robert Hood, Charles C. Shaw, William Shaw, Reynolds Shadwick, Zebedee Tuttle, Joseph Waters, George H. Wickliff, William Watts.

COMPANY D.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain Robert C. Campbell.

PRIVATES.

Robert Blackburn, Levi B. Leedy, James W. Parks, Charles Wadig.

COMPANY E.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain W. C. Taylor.

PRIVATES.

Marion Losier, Thomas J. Laws, James Reed, Isaac Van Pelt.

COMPANY F.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain Clayton G. Jewell.

PRIVATES.

George Blenkner, John Cavendish, Elias Long, Christopher bumper, Philip Londonslager, Jacob Smith, William Siegle, John Williams, Frederick Hesher.

COMPANY G.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

Captain John W. Emmich.

PRIVATES.

Norton B. Anderson, Henry M. Aurlack, George A. Anderson, Joseph .E. Belles, William Broomback, Lemuel E. Boler, Charles L. Cosey, Wesley Caves, James Cormick, Abraham R. Fauman, John Faucett, John Geon, Philip Hem, John E. Heafy, William Howard, Edward James, Bartholomew Karg, Lewis Logan, Joseph Long; William Liddy, Isaac Mills, James Morris, William M. Morrow, John Nedley, Stephen Plant, Asa Queen, Peter Resner, Samuel Row, John Ryan, Martin Russell; Harry Sanday, John Sanday, George Turner, Cyrenus Trowbridge, George M. Vincent, Frank Wolf, John H. Winship, Chas. I. Williams, John A. Morrow, Mitchels D. Walters, Adam Miller, Frank Myers, Edward A. Jones.

COMPANY H.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Corporal George Crosbie.

Bugler Joseph H. Porter.

PRIVATE,.

Thomas McKinahan, David St. Clair.

COMPANY. I.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Jonas Norman.

Corporal Noah B. Dennis.

PRIVATES.

George W. Cheesman, George E. Jones, Alfred D. Sprague, Lucius Sanders.

Roll of Captain Charles C. Walcutt's company of artillery, enrolled in Franklin county, May 22, 186r, and mustered into the service under the requisition of -the President of the United States, dated April 16, 1861. Its term of service was three months.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Charles C. Walcutt.

First Lieutenant Isaac B. Potts.

Ensign John Ramsly.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Louis A. White.

Sergeant Jacob Lohrer.

Sergeant Harvey O'Harra.

Sergeant Charles Richard.

Sergeant Charles F. Clark.

Corporal Moses Dodds.

Corporal Henry Morris.

Corporal James Bulger.

Corporal Reed McCoy.

Corporal Michael Wolf.

Corporal Thomas Swernk.

Corporal Joseph Weatherston.

PRIVATES.

Isaac Angle, Robert H. Adams, John N. Glazier, William Brown, John Beston, Edward C. Beall, Henry A. Barber, Mathias Bertch, John Baughfman, Dan. Connell, Vincent Carroll, Henry Cruse, John Calvert, Henry Dorwart, Charles Dagen, Joseph Elson, John Elfert, Jacob Flickiger, John Faulter, Edward Garrett, Walter Gregory, John E. Hill, John Havey, J. M. Huff, Solomon Hauck, Lewis W. Hampson, George Klittich, Frank Kreitzer, Frank Koons, Henry Kling, Charles W. Laff, Martin McCue, Thomas Morton, Ezra Maynard, John McCoy, Peter Mclvers, Daniel O'Lary. Irvin O'Harra, William H. Pence, Francis M. Phillippi, John Parkison, Aaron P. Richardson, Zenis Rice, Michael Simcox, Adam Schott, A. J. Shoemaker, John W. Stephens, Richard Sands, A. T. Selby, James Sailer, W. P. Smith, Edward Slife, William H. St. Clair, John Snyder, Adrian V. Sham!, George Thorn, Edward Trafzer, Nelson -Tress, John Thomas, Benjamin Tupper, Joseph Walls, John W. Walls, Henry Williams, James A. Wiley, William Walton, Oliver Wilds, John Yonnk, George Gordon, William McCallister, Duncan McKenzie, Ezra Mock, Thomas Nelson, Henry Norris.

FIRST REGIMENT OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY. COMPANY C.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Captain Lionidas C. Heaton

First Lieutenant Samuel Bivins.

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 159

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant William. Birens.

Corporal William D. Boydston.

Corporal William H. Towner.

PRIVATES.

Sylvester Ames, James Baldman, William H. Cooper, Henry Conner, William Conner, Joseph N. Delay, Henry Delay, George W. Hawk, William R. Layton, Benjamin Timberman, John Vanscey, George W. Violett, George W. Zimmerman, Abraham Zimmerman, John Zimmerman.

SECOND REGIMENT OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY.

Mustered into service September 7, 1863, for three years. Discharged at close of the war.

COMPANY I.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Thomas A. Stevenson.

Second Lieutenant Hiram C. Holt.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant George W. Throne.

Corporal James Fry.

Corporal Frederick A. Schulze.

Corporal John B. Hain.

Musician Jason M. Case.

Artificer John J. Crosson.

PRIVATES.

Isaac Adamson, William P. Berge, John J. Bensyl, William A. Birch, John Carder, Charles J. Delaplain, William S. Eagle, William Emmerson, Frank M. Furguson, Benjamin F. Groom, Henry Hedges, Leonard Keller, James Law, Martin Lewis, James F. Martin, William Miller, James Morris, George Newton, Lewis N. Oden, James Reid, George Smith, Job M. Shoemaker, Lewis Thomas, Thomas Wilmore, Cyrenus Warner.

TWENTY-SECOND INDEPENDENT BATTERY OHIO

VOLUNTEER ARTILLERY.

Mustered into service August 10, 1863.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry M. Neil.

First Lieutenant Amos B. Alger, sr.

First Lieutenant George W. Taylor, jr.

Second Lieutenant Peter Cornell, sr.

Second Lieutenant Harry Burdell, jr.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Silas H. Fowler.

Sergeant Jacob M. Sharpe.

Sergeant James J. Walker.

Sergeant John Blessing.

Sergeant Alexander Thompson.

Sergeant John Beer.

Corporal William McCormick.

Corporal Richard C. Holt.

Corporal George H. Fluke.

Corporal Samuel Pearson.

Corporal Daniel Altman.

Corporal William W. Northrop.

Corporal Thomas Hays.

Musician William Weste.

Musician John H. Barke.

PRIVATES.

Elias Anderson, Henry F. Baker, Peter Bickner, Andrew Barker, William H. Bloomfield, Stephen Bloomfield, Eli S. Belknap, Leo F. Brunner, John A. Blakesley, William Browning, William Beker, Thomas Brown, David Buck, John F. Brokaw, George Boods, George Case, Jacob Collins, Isaiah Clark, William R. Chapin, Augustus A. Davis, William Epps, Charles Fleming, John Green, Henry I. Grant, Louis Gladitch, John Growe, James F. Gray, William H. Hudson, Jacob B. Howard, George H. Heard, Isaac Hollister, George W. Harding, Samuel Ingersoll, John W. Johnson, Frederick Jameson, Peter John, Henry Joseph, Thomas J. Miskell, Charles Meiling, John C. Manifold, John R. Morton, Thomas Murphy, John W. Newell, John H. Nelson, Joseph Norris, William E. Oakley, Peter Polio, George H. Purdue, James S. Peacock, James Quinn, Nicholas Ruffrng, Albert H. Robison, Alfred W. Robison, John C. Ralphe, John Rush, John Shephard, John Saleskie, John G. Shafer, David Smethers, William H. Stanning, William H. Swiss, Thomas V. Simmons, James F. Spencer, John Shafer, Robert Tanner, Robert White, Jacob S. Winder, James H. Wean, William Whittaker, John Fairbanks, George W. Voice, John Roberts.

ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.

FIFTH U. S. COLORED TROOPS.

 

PRIVATES.

William Blake, George Beard, James W., Cole, Luther Chin, Charles Clarke, George Dixon, George Decker, James Douglas, Charles Edwards, James Edwards, Abner Games, William Games, James Games, Jeremiah Hargro, Julius Hunter, Leander Hammond, Palestine Irving, William Johnson, Samuel Julius, Isaac Lucas, Isaiah E. Lowe, John McMann, David Malone, Thomas Myers, Orlando Mitchell, Joseph Murry, George McMann, John McKinney, Samuel Morgan, William H. Mapper, Richard Napper, Clem Page, Gibson Phillips, William Quinichott, William Streets, James Securs, Isaac Todd, Charles Thacker, Perry Wyatt, Adonirans Woricks, Richard Wyatt, Charles H. O'Haners, George W. Dunn, Richard H. Fos, Edward Ball, Manel Brown, Alonzo Day, James E. Dickerson, George Dudley, Thomas Grimes, Isaac Miskell, David Quan, William Quan, Joseph Smith, Nelson Spears, Archer Thompson, Charles H. Upthegrove, George Upthegrove, Edward S. Wright„ Henry Butcher, Dillon Chavers, John Gails, W. R. Johnson, Winson Lewis, Uriah Lewis, Frederick McClung, Henry Tait, Charles W. Wilson,

TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT U. S... COLORED TROOPS.

PRIVATES.

Thomas Hays, Peter Howard, Samuel Patterson, Jordan Arnich, George Anderson, William H. Burns, Richard Brown, Franklin Beaty, Alfred Chapman, William Clark, William E. Good, William H. Harrison, Benjamin Oweley, Coleman C. Smith, Henry Vincent, George Washington, James D. Bishop, Isaac Hewstad, John W. Lee, John Bailey, Lewis Green, John Jones, James Johnson, Samuel Mackull, John F. Matthews, Robert L. Matthews, W. J. C. Randolph, 'Thomas Tucker..

COMPANY H.

COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Lieutenant A. J. Sampson.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant James Burwell.

Sergeant Charles W. Taylor..

Sergeant Ignitious Newman.

Corporal Daniel Wischal.

Corporal Frederick Gaskins.

Corporal James C. Scott.

PRIVATES.

William Bias, Randall Brooks, Reuben Chambers, William Curtis, David Chambers, Edmond F. Fleming, George H. Goode, David Graves, Charles W. A. Henderson, Alfred Harris, Abraham Highwarden, Albert Jameson, William P. Johnson, Elleck Lezander, Jacob Murry, Lewis A. Mason, John Roberts, Ezekiah Ross, Reuben Strange.

COMPANY K.

PRIVATES.

Joseph Alexander, Sanford Hall, Creth Littleton, Isaac Tilden, Henry White, Anderson Wilson.

SHARP SHOOTERS.

Captain George A. Taylor's company; mustered into service April 7, 1862.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant George Harrington.

Corporal John A. Kline.

PRIVATES.

George Armstrong, William Brondon, Thomas Farrel, Thomas Mulqueen, W. W. Pengsee, Aaron Padget, Myron Picket, William White.

THE SQUIRREL HUNTERS.

During the autumn of - 1862, the Confederate general, Kirby Smith, advanced upon Cincinnati with a large army. Governor Tod issued a proclamation, calling upon all who would furnish themselves with rations ana arms to turn out, organize under their own officers, and rendezvous at Cincinnati, transportation over the rail-

160 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO

roads fo be provided by the. government. Many citizens of Franklin and Pickaway counties responded to this call. These men, of course, saw no fighting, but their work was, cheerfully performed, because they thought their services were needed. Governor Tod caused lithograph discharges to be furnished to those whose names could be obtained. These discharges may be found in many homes in the two counties, where they are doubtless properly prized.

CHAPTER XX.

THE FRANKLIN COUNTY PRESS.*

FRANKLIN county has been prolific in newspapers. Since the organization of the county, no less than sixty-four newspaper publications, Of various kinds, have been started and published, for varying lengths of time. Most of them were of an ephemeral character, and had but a brief existence. Started in support of some short:lived political organization, as the exponent of some social or political theory, as campaign journals, and for purposes of a' transient character, they passed out of existence when the cause which evoked them disappeared. Some were removed to other points, and are still published there; and others, perhaps the greater part of the whole number, became merged in the stronger journals, and in the newspapers of to-day still have their existence. The Ohio State Journal .and Ohio Statesman, during the many years of their eventful history, swallowed up many of their weaker contemporaries, adding to their own strength thereby. To write the full history of all these 'journals were impossible, with the space .at command. Most of them are forgotten. The generation which knew them, and the issues for which they have contended have passed away. Yes, to write their history' fully would be to write the history of seventy eventful years, and the biographies of many men, eminent in politics as well as journalism, and who have left their mark upon the. history of the State. The Columbus press has been a powerful factor, in moulding and controlling the politics of the State. Its influence has been powerful, and has been felt beyond the confines of the State. For. years the State Journal was the central and. principal organ of the Whig and Republican parties in the State, as was the Statesman of the Democracy. Connnected with both these journals have been men whose reputation is national, and were, in their day, powerful in the political councils of their respective parties. A mere outline of the more important history of these journals is all that is attempted in this work.

THE OHIO STATE JOURNAL

is the oldest newspaper in Franklin county, and its origin dates back to the earliest history of the county. It was started at Worthington, in 1811, by Colonel Kilbourne, one of the pioneers of the county, as a Whig organ, supporting James Madison for the presidency. It was

* By B. W. Henderson, of the Columbus Democrat

called, at that time, the Western Intelligencer. Under this name it was published for three years, and in 1814 passed into the hands of P. H. Olmstead, Joel Buttles, and Ezra Griswold, jr. It was removed to Columbus in the.same year, and the name, Columbus Gazette, added to. the original title. . Subsequently, Colonel Olmstead became sole proprietor, when the first part of the name was dropped, and. the paper was published as The Columbus Gazette until 1825. At that time the office of State printer was established, and George. Nashee being elected to that office, he and John Bailhache entered into a partnership with Colonel Olmstead, and the paper was enlarged and improved, and the name changed to The Ohio State Journal and Columbus Gazette. These gentlemen continued the publication until 1827, when Mr. Nashee died; after which Colonel Olmstead and Judge Bailhache remained sole proprietors until 1831, in the meanwhile merging in their paper the Western Watchman and other short lived sheets. In 1831 Colonel Olmstead retired from thepartnership, and Judge Bailhache continued the publication until the spring of 1835, when the paper again changed hands. At this time Charles Scott and Smithson E. Wright were publishing. the Columbus Sentinel, which had, been started in 1829 as the Columbus Bulletin, by John A. Bryan and John A. Lazelle. In 1835. Scott & Wright .bought the Ohio State Journal and Columbus Gazette from Judge Bailhache, and consolidated it with the Sentinel. Two years later the consolidated paper again changed hands, and underwent another change of name. Mr. Wright sold his interest to his partner, Mr. Scott, who formed a partnership with John M. Gallagher, who, a short time previous, had started a new paper, called the Ohio. Political Register. The consolidated concern was known as the Ohio State journal and Register, but after a short time the latter part of the name was.dropped; and the paper was thenceforth known by its present name, the Ohio State journal. Mr. Gallagher retired from the firm in 1839, and' was succeeded by Samuel Douglas, who, in the same year, sold his interest to Mr. Scott, the other partner, who remained sole proprietor until 1854, when, during financial embarrassments, he made an assignment to trustees. These sub- sequently organized themselves into. a company known as the Ohio State Journal company, and with William T. Bascom as editor, published the paper until 1856, when it passed into the hands of William Schouler & Co. This firm continued two years, and in 1858 the State journal came into the hands of . A. M. Gangener, at that time publishing a paper called the Columbian, which he merged in the Journal. In November, of the same year, it was purchased by John and Henry Miller, of Columbus, Henry D. Cooke and C. E. Bill, of Sandusky ; the new firm being known as Cook. & Miller, Mr. Cooke. being -editor. At this' time the Journal was changed from an evening to a morning paper. The following year the Messrs. Miller retired from the firm, and F. W. Hurtt _took their place, the firm name being changed to Cooke, Hurtt & Co. This arrangement continued until July, 1861, when Mr. Cooke retired, selling his interest to his partner, who. shortly after disposed of it to Dr.. I. G.

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 161

Allen, afterward United States consul in China, the name of the firm being Hurtt, Allen & Co., Mr. Allen acting as editor.

October 1, 1864, the Ohio State Journal company was organized, and purchased the paper, W. H. Foster, of Columbus, being manager, but this arrangement only lasted until the following January, when the paper passed into the hands of W. T. Coggeshall & Co. Mr. Coggeshall was editor. Subsequently he went to Ecuador, South America, as United States minister, and died there. November 8, 1865, the Journal again changed hands, being published by General James M. Comly, Dr. G. W. Roby and Dr. S. M. Smith, General Comly taking editorial charge. The name was changed to the Daily Morning Journal, and it was made an eight-page paper, instead of a folio, as it had been previous. In October, 1866, Dr. Roby gave place in the firm to Dr. Aaron P. Miller, of Chillicothe, who remained with the paper until the following year, when he retired, disposing of his interest to his partners. January 24, 1868, J. Q. Howard became a member of the firm, and remained until March 27, 1872, when he disposed of his interest to General Comply. Some time previous to this, however, in January, 1869, the paper was changed back to its old four-page form, and to its former name, of the Ohio State Journal. In January, 1876, General Comly bought Dr. Smith's interest, and became sole owner, and in March, 1877, A. W. Francisco bought a half interest, and the firm became known as Comly & Francisco. In April, 1878,. Colonel Geo. M. Ross and S. H. Flickenger bought interests in the Journal, and the firm became known as Comly, Francisco & Co., which name it still retains, although, in the summer of 1879, Colonel Ross retired and Colonel W. W. Bond, former supervisor of State printing, took his place. The Journal was started as a Whig paper, supporting James Madison for president in 1812, James Monroe in 1816 and 1820, Henry Clay in 1824, John Q. Adams in 1828, Henry Clay in 1832, William Henry Harrison in 1836, and again in 1840, Henry Clay for a third time in 1844, Zachary Taylor in 1848, and Winfield Scott in 1852. When the Republican party was organized, the Journal became an organ of that party, and in 1856 supported John C. Fremont for the presidency. Subsequently, it has never wavered in the support of the Republican candidates: Lincoln in 1860 and 1864, Grant 1868 and 1872, and Hayes in 1876.

THE COLUMBUS DEMOCRAT.

The first number of the Columbus Democrat was issued December r, 1878, by Allen O'Myers and Solon L. Goode, under the firm name of Allen O'Myers & Company, Mr. O'Myers being managing editor, and Mr. Goode business manager. It was started as an eight-page morning daily, with a Sunday edition, and, as the name implies, Democratic in politics. .In April, 1879, Mr. O'Myers retired, and the paper was published by the Columbus Democrat company, with Solon. L. Goode as manager, and W. A. Taylor in editorial charge. The latter remained only until June, of the same year, when he gave place to James L. Goode. In July, the Democrat company purchased the Ohio Statesman, daily and weekly, from Captain J. H. Putnam, and the two papers were consolidated under the Democrat management, and became known as the Columbus Democrat and .Ohio Statesman, which name it still retains. At the same time the paper changed its form from a six-column quarto to a nine-column folio. A Weekly edition .was commenced in

April, 1879. It was originally an eight-page paper, but at the time of the consolidation with the Statesman, it also was changed to a folio. Of the daily Democrat and Statesman two editions are published-One morning and one evening.

THE SUNDAY CAPITAL

was started February 17, 1878, by :G. W. Henderson and A. H. Isler, under the firm name of Henderson & Isler. It was published as a Sunday paper, Independent Democratic in politics. In August, of the same year, Mr. Isler retired, Mr. Henderson becoming sole proprietor. In December, 1878, the paper again changed hands, going back to A. H. Isler, who associated John Byrne with himself, under the title of Isler & Byrne. By this firm it is still published, Mr. Isler being editor.

SUNDAY NEWS.

In December, 1867, the News was started as a six-column, four-page, Sunday paper, independent in politics, by Dr. William Trevitt, at one time United States minister to Peru. W. W. Webb was editor. In 1870, Dr. Trevitt sold the paper to John M. Webb- and Charles Mathews, who changed it to a seven-column paper. In 1871, Mathews retired, selling his interest to his partner. In July, 1870, the News passed- into the hands of W. T. Wallace, who became editor and proprietor. The paper was enlarged, in 1872, to eight columns, and in December, of the same year, Mr. Wallace sold it to E. G. Orebaugh and F. A. Brodbeck, in whose bands it still remains, one of the most prosperous newspapers of the city. Mr. Orebaugh is editor.

THE COLUMBUS GAZETTE.

This paper also had its origin far back in the history of the county, although, in its earlier days, it was known by other names. In 1840, Captain Elijah Glover, who had kept a book and job office; issued a small weekly paper, bearing the name, the Ohio Tribune, and from this paper the Gazette traces its descent. It was a Whig paper, and under control of various editors, until 1849, when Capt. Glover sold it to Geo. M. Swan, who changed .the name to Swan's Elevator. He also changed it to a non-political sheet, devoted -mainly to local news. In 1853, the name was again changed to the Columbus Elevator, and it was. a temperance organ. In 1855, it again changed hands and principles coming into the hands of Gamaliel Scott, who made it a supporter of Free Soil doctrines. In 1856, John Greiner was taken as a partner, and the name changed to the Columbus Gazette, the present name. In 1857 Scott retired, giving place to Charles S. Glenn, and was published under the firm name of Greiner & Glenn for several years.

Afterwards Greiner retired, and several other parties successively held an interest in the paper, until in 1876,

21

162 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

when Mr. Glenn became sole owner, and so remained, until his death, in. 1877. It is now published by his widow. S. S. Peters is editor. The. Gazette is a weekly paper, and circulates largely among the farmers

THE OHIO STATESMAN.

Although this journal has passed out of existence as a distinct institution, having been merged in the Democrat, yet, as it was one of the oldest newspapers of the county, and was, in its day, one of the best known in the State, the more prominent facts in. its history are given. Like most newspapers, it passed through many mutations in the course of its history. Started in 1832, as a Democratic organ, it aided in the election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency of the United States. It was then called the Western Hemisphere, and was published by Gillett & Melcher. It passed through troublous times in its early days, and went through many hands. The first proprietor& published, in 1834, a daily edition, called the Daily Advertiser, which was the first daily published in Columbus. The venture was a failure, however. The Hemisphere passed into the hands of Jacob Medary and George W. Manypenny, the latter of whom is still living in Columbus. Mr. Manypenny, in a short time, disposed of his interest to Sackett Reynolds, who continued its publication for awhile, and then it fell back again into the hands of Jacob and Samuel Medary, the latter having been elected State printer. This was in 1842, when the name was changed to the. Ohio Statesman, and by this name it was known during the remaining years of its existence. In 1845 it was bought by the Harwell Brothers, in whose hands it remained for a year or two, and then passed to Samuel Medary, who continued as its owner and editor until 1853, and during which time it came to be the recognized organ of the Democrats in the State, and a power for the party.

In 1853, S. S. Cox, afterwards eminent as an author and politician, and at present representing a New York district in congress, became editor and proprietor, and in 1855 transferred the paper to H. W. Derby, of Cincinnati, who, at one time, was also proprietor of the Cincinnati Enquirer, and who is now in the book business in Columbus. Mr. Derby, after running the paper for a year or so, transferred it back to Samuel Medary, who sold it, in 1857, to James H. Smith ; Charles J. Foster being editor. In June, 1858, Thomas Miller became half owner, and in January, 1859, Col. Geo. W. Manypenny purchased the other half. January 17, 1864, the paper was sold to a company, called the Ohio Statesman company, with Amos Layman and Lewis Baker as editors. There were various changes in the editorial corps during the three or four years following, and November 13, 1867, the paper again changed hands, having been sold to Richard Nevins, State printer, and Col. Charles B. Flood, supervisor of public printing. Col. Flood and E. B. Eshelman were the editors. On the fifteenth of January, 1869, C. S. Medary became associated with Colonel Nevins, Colonel Flood retiring from the firm, but still acting as editor. Subsequently, however, Colonel Flood retired altogether. April 1st, the Statesman came into the possession of J. F. Linton and A. J. Dodd, who changed it from a morning to an evening daily. Mr. Dodd retired, after a few months, and Mr. Linton ran the paper himself. In 1873 the daily Statesman .suspended publication, and transferred its subscription list to the Evening Dispatch. The weekly still continued to be published by Linton, however, until 1876, when the publication of the daily was resumed.. In the fall of 1878, Mr. Linton sold the Statesman to Captain Putnam, who retained possession of it until July, 1876, when he sold it to the Columbus Democrat company, and it lost its identity in the latter paper, which was thenceforward known as the Democrat and Statesman. Through all its vicissitudes, notwithstanding its many owners and editors, the Statesman was always a thorough Democratic paper, and never wavered in support of the party's nominee.

DAILY COURIER.

In February; 1879, a number 'of "union" printers formed a company, and began the publication of a five column evening daily, called the Daily Labor, James M. 'Boyle 'being business manager, and A. A. Braddock, editor. In April, of the same year, the Labor company was incorporated, James M. Boyle, A. A. Braddock, Frank W. Raymond, James A. Minor and A. H. Handiboe being the incorporators. In the following few months several changes took place in the company, Braddock and Handiboe retiring, and other parties, among whom were Col. W. A. Taylor, formerly editor of the Columbus Democrat, Col: George H. Ross, formerly of the State journal. The number of stockholders was increased, and the name of the paper changed to the Daily Courier. It was also much enlarged and improved, and gained rapidly in circulation and influence. Under its present arrangements, James M. Boyle is business manager; and W. A. Taylor and George H. Ross, editors. The Courier is independ ent in politics.

DAILY DISPATCH.

The Dispatch was started in January, 1871, the first number being issued on the first day of that month. It was published by a company, incorporated June 28, 1871, and called the "Columbus Dispatch Printing Company." The incorporators were mostly pioneers, and were, Samuel Bradford, W. W. Webb, William Trevitt, jr., 'I'. McMahon, James O'Donnell, John M. Webb, J. S. B. Green, P.. C. Johnson, L. P. Stephens, and C. M. Morris. Willoughby W. Webb was editor, and W. Trevitt, jr., business manager. In October, 1871, Mr. Webb was succeeded by Captain John A. Arthur, and .he, in September, 1872, by John M. Webb.

Changes took place, gradually, in the company, the stockholders retiring, until, in May, 1872, the paper came into the possession. of Captain J. H. Putnam, and was, incorporated with the Ohio Stalesman, under the name of the Daily Dispatch and Ohio Statesman. Subsequently, the latter part of the title was dropped. In November, 1875, Captain Putnam sold the Dispatch to Captain L. D. Myers and W.. D. Brickell, who, under the name of . Myers & Brickell, still publish it.

The Dispatch, from feeble beginnings, has grown to

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 163

be one of the strongest and most widely circulated papers in central Ohio. It is Republican in politics. Captain Myers is editor, and Mr. Brickell business manager.

THE WESTBOTE

is a German weekly and semi-weekly paper, with a very large circulation and powerful influence among the Germans. It was started in 1843, by Jacob Reinhard and Frederick Fieser, who still publish it. It is Democratic in politics. Mr. Fieser is editor.

THE SONTAGSGAST,

a German Sunday paper, was started February 24, 1878, by L. H. Hirsch. It has since been much enlarged and improved, and is at present published by Hirsch & Hirschberg. It is a Republican paper.

THE LEGAL RECORD,

a weekly paper, devoted to the publication of legal advertisements and for family reading, was started in December, 1878, by J: F. Linton, former publisher of the Ohio Statesman. It is still published by Mr. Linton, who is also editor. It is independent in politics.

THE NEW ERA,

a temperance weekly paper, started in June, 1879, to advocate temperance reform. T. J. Wyscarver, publisher, and Colonel A. J. Bowen, formerly of Baltimore, Maryland, business manager.

THE MUTES' CHRONICLE

was established in 1868, and is published every Saturday, at the institute for the deaf and dumb.

THE DEAD.

The Crisis was a weekly paper, which had an existence during and after the war of the Rebellion. It was started by ex-Governor Samuel Medary, January 31, 1861. The Crisis was established as an advocate of the Monroe doctrine. It was essentially a States'-rights paper. Samuel Medary, so well known in Columbus journalism and in State politics, continued to control the paper until his death, November 7, 1864, and edited it with great ability. After his death it passed into the possession of Willoughby W. Webb, who bore the responsibility of its management for a short time and until Dr. William Trevitt became its owner. Webb was associated with Dr. Trevitt in the discharge of editorial duties until his death. The high reputation of The Crisis was fully sustained by Dr. Trevitt, who gave it a certain solidity of value which few journals of the State have enjoyed: It was his design to make the paper a compendium of the history of its own times, and it was made a medium for the transmission to the public of all of the important news and opinions of that critical period in which it was established. It contained all of the important public documents of the time and the utterances of high authorities on questions of state. For this reason its files are much esteemed by, and very useful to, the students of politics and civil -history. Dr. Trevitt built up a circulation for The Crisis which has seldom, if ever, been equalled by that of any weekly paper in the city, and by but two or three in the State. At one time, during an exciting campaign, the circulation reached the great number of eighteen thousand copies. The paper was sold by Dr. Trevitt, in 187o, to Charles H. Matthews and John M. Webb. Soon after Webb sold his interest to Matthews, and, after a very 'brief period of ownership, the latter transferred the property to R. Nevins and F. H. Medary, who merged it with the Statesman.

It is necessary to say something of the papers of the past—those that have lived out their lives, and are no Ionger published. The list is a lengthy one, as Columbus has been, through all its history, prolific in 'newspapers, and the mania for starting them has always strongly prevailed. Some of these have an interesting and honorable history; some were merged into other papers others still continue their existence, under new names, in the Papers of the present day; still others were removed to other cities ; but most of these sheets were of an ephemeral character, and died and left no record but a name. They can only be mentioned briefly.

The Freeman's Chronicle. This was one of the earliest papers in the county, being started in 1812, in Franklin-ton, by James Gardner. It was an active 'supporter of the war of 1812. It discontinued publication in .1815.

The Columbus Gazette was a successor to the Freeman's Chronicle, being published in Columbus by John Kilboune, with the material of that paper. It only survived two issues.

The Ohio Monitor was the third paper started in Franklin county, and was the root from which sprung the Ohio Statesman. It was begun in 1816, by David Smith and Ezra Griswold, jr. It underwent various changes, and, in 1836, was sold to Jacob Medary, who merged it in the Western Hemisphere, and ultimately in the Ohio Statesman. It was a Whig paper, originally, but (became Democratic In 1828, supporting General Jackson for president.

The Western Statesman was started in 1825, by Zachariah Mills and Martin Lewis, and was published; 'subsequently, by Cap. t Elijah Glover. In 1828 it was bought by the proprietors of the. State Journal, and merged in that paper.

Ohio State Bulletin. This paper was issued in July, 1829, by John A. Bryan and John A. Lazell. In 1831 it passed into the hands of Geo. Kesling and John H. Wood, and was called the Columbus Sentinel. In 1835 it was merged in the State journal.

The Western Hemisphere, "as has already been noted, was the immediate predecessor of the Ohio Statesman, and lost its identity in that paper.

The Franklin Chronicle was started at Worthington in 1818, and lasted a year or two.

Ohio Register and Masonic Review was an anti-masonic paper,. published in the days of the Morgan excitement, by Warren Jenkins and' Elijah Glover. When the anti-masonic excitement' subsided, in 1833, the paper was discontinued.

The People's Press was a Whig paper started in 1836. It only lived six Months.

The Ohio Confederate was commenced' in 1838 by John G. Miller. It was a States rights organ. The name

164 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

was subsequently changed to Old School Republican, but' the paper died in 1839.

The Cross and Journal was a weekly paper devoted to the interests of the Baptist church. It was removed to Columbus from Cincinnati. in 1838, and was published there for nine Years by Geo. Cole. It was continued another year by Revs. Randall and Batchelder, when it was taken back to Cincinnati.

The Ohio Press was started as a weekly Democratic paper; by Eli T. Tappan, in 1847.

The Ohio Cultivator, an agricultural semi-monthly, was started by M. B. Bateham in 1845. In 1857 Mr. Bateham was succeeded by Col. S. D. Harris, who removed the paper to Cleveland, where it is still published as a weekly.

The Western Agriculturist was first issued in i851. It only lasted a short time.

The Ohio Standard was a Free-Soil paper, started in 1848 by E. S. Hamlin and Israel Garrard. It was published weekly, and, for a short time, daily. It had a checkered career, starting and

stopping several times, but died. out for good in the spring of L851.

The Columbian was also a Free-Soil paper, started by .a stock company in 1853, with L. L. Rice as editor. It was merged in the State Journal in 1855.

Daily State Democrat was started in 1853, opposition to the Statesman, by Knapp, Osgood & Blake. Subsequently H. W. Derby, of Cincinnati, came into the concern, and it was consolidated in 1854 with the Statesman.

Capital City Fact.. This paper was started in 1851 by a company of journeymen printers out of work. It passed through various changes, and in 1863 became merged in the State Journal.

Thompsonian Recorder. Published as the organ of the Thompsonian school of medicine from 1832 to 1842, when it was removed to Cincinnati. Dr. S. Curtis was editor.

Modern Argo, established in July, 1878, by S. H. Dooley, as a literary and society weekly. In December, 1868, it was removed to Quincy, Illinois, where it is still published.

National Greenback Leader, a paper devoted to the interests of the National Greenback party, was removed from Canal Dover to Columbus in April, 1879, by the Phelps Brothers, and established as a daily and weekly. It only lived until July, when it suspended publication.

The Commonwealth, organ of the Prohibitionists, was started in the -fall of 1878, and died in the summer of 1879.

There have been many other papers started in Franklin county, and which had a brief existence, but none others sufficiently important to deserve further record.

CHAPTER XXI.

THE PRESS OF. PICKAWAY COUNTY.

REPORT, not so well substantiated as we could wish, has it that there was a small paper by the name of the Fredonian, published in Circleville, for a short time, about 1812. It is said to have been started by James Jenny, who, going into the service of the United States, left the newspaper, its appurtenances and fixtures to Robert D. Richardson, who removed to Chillicothe, and, it is alleged, never made any payment upon the property, but continued to publish the paper for his own benefit. Extensive advertising has failed to bring out any facts in regard to this paper, in addition to those above stated, and even its very existence in Circleville is a matter of doubt. If it ever was published in the village, it was only for a very short time, and probably in an irregular way. It bore about the same relation to the subsequent early prints that the irresponsible, semi-nomadic squatter did to the true pioneer or early settler.

THE OLIVE BRANCH

was practically the pioneer of Circleville journalism. This paper, which was the beginning of the Herald, now the Union-Herald; was issued, for the first time, August 9, 1817. It rejoiced in its name for several years, under varying degrees of success and under various auspices; It was started by James F.oster, a book-binder by trade, who came from Chillicothe. He had no other knowledge of the "art preservative of all arts" than that which he had "picked up." The. heading of the paper bore the name The Olive Branch, and an emblematic design: a small branch, stripped from the parent stem, across which was a scroll. It was printed with small pica and long primer type, and the size of the page, exclusive of the margin, was sixteen and a half by nine and a half inches. Its editor, as we Might be led to suppose by the following passage from his "salutatory," and as we know from co-temporary testimony, was a. "plain-spoken man." He says:

“It is customary for editors to introduce themselves before the people by saying that the only object they have in. view is the public's good. For my part I am not so disinterested—at all events I am too. poor to be a public benefactor. I therefore candidly declare that my object is to make money. In doing this, it is not my intention to injure one man's 1eputation, while I puff up another's; neither will I do it by de-'parting from those Republican principles, the remembrance of which will always remain warm within me. An American by birth, and a Republican by profession, I will use every honorable effort to support the cause of my country and the perpetuity of the Union."

At the time the Olive Branch came into being, there were about fifty or sixty papers in the State. Among those then in existence, which still survive; are the Scioto Gazette, of Chillicothe; the Cincinnati Gazette; then Liberty Hall, the Lebanon Western Star; the Warren Western Reserve Chronicle; the Steubenville Western Herald; the Canton Ohio Repository, and the Ohio. State Journal, then the Columbus Gazette.

After a few months the publication of the paper was suspended for six weeks, and, January 20, 1818, the Olive Branch re-appeared, under the auspices of Renick, Doane & Co.—Gen. James Renick, Guy W. Doane and Joseph M. Hays. Messrs. Renick and Hays, who formed, .at that time, a mercantile' firm in Circleville, became the possessors of the type and all the appurtenances of the office, taking them upon a debt. The editorship devolved upon Mr. Doane, a young man of much ability, the

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 165

junior member of the bar of Pickaway county. The paper was printed by William Henry Benson for the publishers. Three months after this arrangement was effected, Benson was arrested because of his yielding to the temptation to be better clothed, and breaking into a tailor shop.

Mr. Doane retired from the paper February 9, 1819, and an announcement was made to the effect that the paper would, in the future, be conducted by Joseph C. Olds and William B. Thrall. The latter gentleman was the editor. The motto placed at the head of the paper at this time was, "I was born free as Caesar; so were you." Shortly after Mr. Thrall became connected with the paper, he was taken sick, and his wife dying, he was compelled, for a time, to sever his connection with the Olive Branch. April 16, 1819, an interest was transferred to Silas S. Geohegan, a practical printer. Mr. Thrall, after an absence of six months, returned, much improved in health, and devoted himself closely to the duty of editing the paper. He filled the place with ability, and the journal had a number of years of prosperous life. August 12, 1826, the paper was enlarged to a "super-royal" sheet, equal in size to the National Intelligencer, during the war of 1812, and its name was changed to the Olive Branch and Pickaway Herald. In 183o the paper appeared in an entirely new dress, and the title again underwent a change, this time appearing as the Circleville Herald and Ohio Olive Branch.

About this time appeared a rival, the Ohio Observer, which was the nucleus about which grew the Watchman. It was established by Messrs. Bentley, Hedges, Brannan, Fry, Pike, Keifer, Boyle and Brainard. In May, 1834, the proprietors of the Herald leased a moiety of the property to Jason Case, and the publication was continued under the name formerly standing at its head, and by Thrall and Case.

The Herald prospered, and had a fair patronage. On the thirteenth of May, 1837, S. R. Dolbee, then foreman in the office of the State printer, at Columbus, purchased an interest in the paper. It was enlarged at this time, and vied with the best journals in the State in mechanical execution. New presses and material were purchased, and the office was better supplied than ever before. Mr. Thrall was elected that year to the general assembly, but continued writing for the paper. Mr. Dolbee left after one year's connection with the Herald, and removed to Illinois. Ile was succeeded by Jason Case ; the firm name was made Jason Case & Co., and Mr. Thrall retained his position as editor. Mr. Thrall remained in the partnership until 1843, when he sold out to H. H. Warren, who continued in partnership for one year ; then Mr. Thrall again became owner of the paper. In July, 1843, W. D. Bailey became interested in the publication, and was succeeded, not long after, by John Hanna. He continued in connection with Mr. Thrall and alone, until he associated with himself T. C. Jones. Still later the firm became Hanna & McFarland (A.), and in 1848 M. W. Doddridge & McFarland. April 3o, 1852, the paper appeared with the single name of A. McFarland at the head of its columns. February 25, 1853, he gave place to Gamaliel Scott, who edited the paper for one year, and was succeeded by William Bremigam. He conducted the paper alone until December 3, 1858, when. F. A. B. Simpkins became his associate. In 186o Bremigam disposed of the property to John E. Ray. In July, of the same year, it was announced that after that time the Herald would be published in the future by Mr. Bremigam and Samuel-W. McCulloch, " but owing to the fact that certain arrangements between the parties interested had not been perfected," it was announced, a week or two later, that the proprietorship remained unchanged. On May 25; 186o, the flag was hoisted for Lincoln and Hamlin. In January, r861, Bremigam became the owner of the paper, and in February following took as an associate W. D. McPherson. Mr. Bremigam's death was announced in the Herald August 23, 1861. He had had control of the paper since 1854, with the exception of only one year. After Mr. Bremigam's death J. A. Lutz, esq., acting as the representative of the family, edited the paper until September loth, when W. H. P. Denny, of Dayton, Ohio, purchased it and assumed immediate control. The war having begun, the paper was devoted to the National cause, and hence the adoption of the name indicating its true character. On the advice of leading Republicans, its title was changed to that of the Circle ville Union. It was published by Mr. Denny for four years, and at the expiration of that period, sold to Col. P. C. Hays. April 16, 1869, he sold to E. Z. Hays, who conducted it until March r, 1872. About this time the paper suffered a decline in patronage and influence.. E. Z. Hays sold to B. F. Thomas and E. B. Fletcher, who conducted the journal under. the firm name of Thomas & Fletcher; Mr. Thomas being the editor. He was a man of considerable ability, and started upon his work with good promise .of success and prosperity, but died October 17, 1872. The paper was then conducted by disinterested parties, for his family, one year. March 14, 1873, the paper was purchased by Alfred Williams, a man of thorough education and great talent. He sold out, July 3, 1874, to Seneca W. Ely and William Leuthstrom. Mr. Ely had formerly been one of the editors of. the Scioto Gazette (Chillicothe), and was one of the pioneer editors in Ohio. Messrs. Ely & Leuthstrom continued to publish the paper until December 1, 1875, when it became the property of its present proprietor and editor, S. Marfield, jr. The old name of the paper was restored and hyphenated with the new, as the Union-Herald. This journal is now in as flourishing condition as ever in its career, and though old in years, is by no means in its dotage. The paper has always been politically, either Whig or Republican.

THE RELIGIOUS TELESCOPE.

On the twelfth of April, 1834, Rev. John Russell and Jonathan and George Dreisbach, by authority of the general conference of the church of the United Brethren in Christ, bought a printing press in Circleville, and located there the Religious Telescope. They bought, also, a lot and two houses for the use of the same. The first number appeared December 16, 1834. It was a medium-

166 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

sized folio, and published semi-monthly. Its editor was the Rev. William Rhinehart, a man of much talent. The paper was made a vigorous representative of the principles of the United Brethren church, and its only official organ: In 1839 Rev. William Hanby succeeded Rev. Mr. Rhinehart in the editorship. The paper reached, in 1843, a circulation of two thousand copies, and in 1845 had three thousand subscribers. Rev. David Edwards became its editor in the latter year

The paper was removed to Dayton, Ohio, in August, 1853, where it is now published. It is now a' large, eight-page paper, and has a circulation of nine thousand.

THE DEMOCRAT AND WATCHMAN.

The Circleville Democrat and Watchman was' started in 1837 as the Scioto Watchman. There had been a Democratic paper started in Circleville in April, 1836, called the Peoples' Press, but it was short-lived. At a meeting of members of the party in Circleville, May 27, 1837, it was resolved that one thousand dollars be raised by subscription "for the purpose of purchasing a press, to be devoted to the interests of the Democratic party." The amount sufficient was subscribed, in a short time, by the following, then leading citizens and active Democrats: Valentine Keifer, John M. Alkire, Henry N. Hedges, Nelson Franklin, Elliott Halstead, Samuel Diffenderfer, James Hurst, T. W. Morris, William M. Alkire, Thomas J. Winship, William Gill, M. FL Alkire, James Thompson, John Barnhill, John Allright, James Morris, John Morris, jr., Matthias Myers, Philip Jeiger, John Coffman, John Metzger, Benjamin Stout, Henry Morris; Richard Jenkins, John Bell, Abraham Park, David Rowe, G. Diffenderfer, John Morris, Nathan Perrill, A. L. Perrill, Thomas Duyea, Ezekiel Morris, Moses Morris, Joseph Bonner, D. Kinnear, Samuel Dreisbach, John Irwin, Abraham: Halstead, Stephen W. Lindsey. Hon. T. J. Winship was the heaviest subscriber, taking three shares—seventy-five dollars. Of this list of subscribers the following only are now living: H. N. Hedges, sr., present probate judge of Pickaway county; Hon. A. L. Perrill, Hon. Nelson Franklin, of Carthage, Missouri; Ezekiel Morris John Morris, of the vicinity of Circleville, and Joseph Brown, of Illinois.

Nelson Franklin acted as, treasurer, and collected the subscriptions. H. N. Hedges was selected to purchase the necessary material, press, etc., and, about the first of August, 1837, the first number of the Scioto Watchman was published. It was a six-column paper, and presented a very creditable appearance, for those days. There is no file of the Scioto Watchman in existence, and we have to rely upon the recollection of old citizens for information. For some time the paper did not give the name of publisher, publishing company, or editor, but it was run by the association of stockholders, and for a time—how long cannot Abe ascertained—Col. Valentine Keifer, who, for many years previous, had been conspicuous and influential in' the political affairs of the county, was the business and editorial manager, with various local contributors—H. N. Hedges, sr., B. F. Brannan, now of Cincinnati, and Charles Fry, the printer, and others. The association, after a few years, found that the publication of the paper was a losing business, and sold the material, etc., to the late Hon. Edson B. Olds, then "coming to the front" in politics, and,- from that time until 1847, the paper experienced numerous changes. In 1842, Samuel Pike, the noted and restless journalist, edited the Watchman, and was succeeded by S. P. Brainard, the paper then being the Circleville Watchman.

On the ninth of August, 1844, the name was changed to Circleville Democratic Guard and Pickaway and Fayette Pilot, and Samuel- Pike and L D: Williard becanie the editors and publishers. In the following November. Mr. Pike withdrew, Mr. Williard continuing the publication. In August, 1845, Jason Case was employed to print the paper, and the name of Watchman was re- stored. Mr. Williard retained the editorial management for some months, when he abandoned the concern, leaving Mr. Case to do the best he could with it, and removed to Washington county, but his: name remained at the head of the paper for a year or more thereafter. In the first part of 1846, Wm. McLaughlin was engaged as editor, and May 22d, of that year, was succeeded by Samuel Alburtis, who continued until January 15, 1847, when Mr. Case became the sole editor and publisher, continuing to successfully manage and increase the business of the Paper until July 14, 1853, when 0. E. Miles purchased the establishment and assumed entire control. In October, 1853, Mr. Case again formed a connection with the Watchman, as editor, and in February, 1855, again retired, the duties of postmaster requiring his attention. In' February, 1856, Mr. Miles disposed of a half interest in the office to Mr. Case, the firm name being Miles Case. Mr. Miles, having been elected county auditor, sold his interest to Joseph Gaston, of Belmont county, Ohio, in March, 1858. Mr. Case remained in partnership with Gaston until July zo, 1858, when his connection with the paper finally ceased. Mr. Gaston continued as editor and proprietor until August x, 1859, when he sold out to John W. Kees, of Springfield, Ohio, who published the. Watchman until June 29, 1862, when, the paper having become Obnoxious to the administration at Washington, the office was seized and the paper suppressed, by order of the war department, and Mr. Kees arrested, taken to Washington city, confined in the old capitol prison, held for a short time and then released. From April to June, 1862, Mr. Kees published the Daily Watchman, a small-sized sheet, Which proved an unprofitable enterprise. The establishment having become financially embarrassed, was sold at judicial sale, July 2, 1862, and purchased by the late Dr. Wayne Griswold, the principal creditor. To evade the order of suppression, the name was changed to Circleville Democrat, and the publication resumed, with William Doane as publisher, who managed it with success until November 13, 1863, when the present editor and proprietor, A. R. Van Cleaf, purchased and entered into possession of the office, and has since conducted the paper, increasing its circulation from eight hundred to two thousand, and it now ranks with the first newspapers in the State. In June, 187o,

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 167

the old name, Watchman, was restored, as an addition to Democrat.

Of those who have been editorially connected with the Democrat and Watchman, Valentine Keifer and Charles Fry died years ago, and a sketch of Colonel Keifer will be found in this work.

Samuel Pike, after establishing more newspapers, in four or five different States, than any man in the country, died, only a few years since, in Highland county, Ohio. As an editorial writer, he occupied a high position.

S. P. Brainard removed west, and of his subsequent history we have no information. Neither are we informed of what became of William McLaughlin and Samuel Alburtis.

L. D. Williard, for many years a resident of Washington Court House, Ohio, prominent in public affairs there, afterwards emigrated west.

Jason Case still resides in Circleville, and is the veteran printer of the county. He learned the "art preservative" in the Delaware (Ohio) Gazette office, and for several years worked at the business in Columbus, Ohio. For about a year he was foreman of the Ohio State Bulletin, and for four or five years was foreman of the Ohio State Journal office. In April, 1834, he came from Columbus to Circleville, and entered into partnership with W. B. Thrall, in the publication of the Circleville Herald, which partnership existed three years. In May, 1838, he again became connected in the publication of the Circleville Herald, the firm being Jason Case & Co., which terminated in 1843. From 1845 to 1858, with two brief intervals, he was either publisher or editor of the Watchman a longer period than any other publisher of that paper, except the present editor and proprietor. Mr. Case served as postmaster of Circleville eight, years, from 1853 to 1861. He was mayor of Circleville. four terms,' from 1861 to 1867, and 1875 to 1877. He has been justice of the peace sixteen years, and is serving his third term as coroner.

O. E. Miles, who came to Circleville as a journeyman printer, and for several years was employed in the Religious Telescope office, is now one, of the principal farmers and shrewdest business men in Pickaway county. He served two terms as county auditor, from 1858 to 1862, and was a member of the State board of equalization, for Franklin and Pickaway district, elected in 1870.

Joseph Gaston removed to Oregon, where he engaged in railroad enterprises, and accumulated wealth.

John W. Kees had previously published the Democratic Expositor, at Springfield, Ohio, and was clerk of the Ohio house of representatives in 1858-9. He was partially insane, the result of the war excitement, when arrested in June, 1862. Subsequently, he became totally deranged, and died in the Columbus insane asylum, November. 25, 1867. When "clothed in his right mind," he was a writer of force and ability.

William Doane, whose connection as publisher was intended to be only temporary, is now an honored and leading citizen of Circleville, as he has been for years, and is a member of the dry goods firm of Delaplane & Doane.

THE HERALD.

The Circleville Herald was founded September 21, 1870, by Winfield S. McCallister and Francis Wolfley, both young men, natives of Circleville, fine practical printers, and.with advanced ideas of journalism and the true office of the country newspaper. Both had worked in the office of the old Circleville Herald, and that paper having been, on the death of William Bremigam, purchased by Mr. Denny, who changed it to the Circleville Union, it occurred to them to christen their new paper with the abandoned name of the old one. The Circleville Herald, soon began to be recognized, at home and abroad, as a live local paper, and Mr. McCallister received flattering offers of positions on various metropolitan papers, as well as acknowledged rank for his paper at home. In 1873, he bought out his partner, Mr. Wolfley. In February, 1874, his failing health led him to lease the office to Mr. John M. Rae, of Circleville, who conducted it with ability, till August, of that year, when Mr. McCallister again took charge, and remained in harness to the last, failing daily in body, but unquenchably bright in mind, and strong of purpose to the last hour. He died December 9, 1874. His widow, Mrs. Joanna McCallister, daughter of Judge T. N. Howell, retained the paper, as administratrix and guardian of her three young children. It was leased; in May, 1875, to Miss Lillie C. Darst, of Circleville, who had edited it during the interim, and has continued the publication for over four years, the only instance in the State of a regular; first-class newspaper entirely edited and published by a lady. In politics, the Herald is Republican, though never merely partisan. It is devoted to the interests of the community, and strives to be a faithful chronicler of local events. Miss Darst has been, for two years, secretary of the Ohio Editorial association, a body which admits no person not an actual editor and publisher of a bona fide newspaper, and is the only lady member.

CHAPTER XXII.

PHYSICAL FEATURES.

GEOGRAPHY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES.

Franklin county is bounded on the north by Delaware county, on the east by Licking and Fairfield, on the south by Pickaway, and on the west by Madison. Union county touches it also at one corner, and forms a small portion of the northern and western boundary. It occupies a position in. the State which is nearly central.

The principal stream is the Scioto river; which divides the county into two nearly equal parts, flowing *through it from north to south. From the north line of the county, almost to the city limits of Columbus, the river has worked out its way in heavy Devonian limestone, leaving vertical walls, which in some places are forty to fifty feet in height, while the real depth of the excavated valley is not less than one hundred and twenty-five feet. Here, and along some of the tributaries of the Scioto, is to be

168 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

found the most picturesque and romantic scenery that the county affords. The bottom lands are very .narrow, and sometimes entirely wanting. Along the river south of Columbus the banks and the valley are entirely different from those in the northern part of the county. The valley is broad; but indistinctly defined. Widely eroded regions, now filled with heavy and irregular drift, attest the former course of the river at points several miles removed from its present limits. Besides the Scioto river there are several other streams, viz.:. Darby creek, which forms the western boundary of Brown and Prairie townships, also of the county, and flows southeasterly through Pleasant township, into Pickaway county; the Olentangy, which flows from the north and empties into the Scioto at Columbus; and Gahanna river, which empties into the Scioto neat the southern county-line, and which is formed in the northwestern part of Madison township by the union of the Black Lick, Big Walnut and Alumn creeks, all three of which flow from the north, in nearly parallel courses, through the eastern half of the county.

The topography of the county is much more varied than that of any of the counties that lie along the .same parallel to the west of it. The valleys of the Scioto, already spoken of, and its tributary streams, constitute the' chief features. The several water sheds between the streams are about nine hundred and twenty-five feet above tide water, or three hundred and sixty above Lake Erie.

Columbus, the county seat, is centrally situated in the county, in north latitude 39̊ 57', west longitude 6̊ from Washington.

Pickaway county lies wholly in the Scioto valley and is bounded upon the north by Franklin, on the east by 'Fairfield and Hocking counties, on the south by Ross, and on the west by Fayette and Madison.

The general topography of the county is similar to that of Franklin, but the land lies more nearly level. The valley of the Scioto, which, in 'southern Ross, in Pike, and Scioto counties is narrow,- here broadens out so as to include nearly the whole county. There is no abrupt rise from the river, but the lowlands, by gradual and beautiful undulations, blend with the highlands which divide the waters of the Scioto from those of the Hocking. It is among these sloping hills that the finest scenery of the county is to be found, though the Pickaway plains, a broad, fertile table land, lying south of Circleville, and bounded by an elevated horizon, contain elements of beauty very pleasing to the eye. The principal streams affluent to the Scioto, are the Scipio and Little Walnut creeks upon the east side, and the Deer and Darby creeks upon the west. Both of these are streams of considerable size, and have their sources toward the northwest and beyond the limits of the county. Deer creek empties into the Scioto in Ross county.

GEOLOGY OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.*

Franklin county has an extended geological scale.

* Condensed (as is also the, geologyof Pickaway county) from the " Report of the Georogicar survey of Ohio."

this respect it is surpassed by but four counties in the State, and is equalled by a scarcely larger number. Highland, Adams and Pike counties, to the southward, have a somewhat wider range, the two first mentioned extending from the Lower Silurian to the Sub-carboniferous formation, inclusive, and the last from the Upper Silurian to the coal measures; but none of them contains a greater number of geological elements, after all, than Franklin county, for the Devonian limestones of central and northern Ohio are excluded from this region, by the overlap, of the Huron shales upon the Helderberg and Niagara rocks. Pickaway and Delaware counties exactly agree with Franklin, in both the range and composition of their geological column. The following formations, named in descending order, are found:

4, Waverly Group.

3, Huron Shale.

2, Corniferous Limestone.

1, Lower Helderberg limestone, or water line.

These formations represent three main divisions, viz.: the Carboniferous, Devonian and Upper Silurian ages.

THE LOWER HELDERBERG LIMESTONE,

or waterline, is a late found, but important, number of the geological series of Ohio. Its presence in the State was first recognized at the beginning of the survey in 1874. It has been found to occupy a larger area than any other limestone. It makes, however, but a very small contribution to the surface of Franklin county, its outcrops being limited to a few points on Big and Little Darby creeks, on the extreme western border. The valleys of both these streams now lie in this formation, for several miles above and below Georgesville, but on account of the heavy drift deposits the rock is seen at but a few points. The best exposures found in the bed and bank of Big Darby are one mile below Georgesville, and in the sections formed by small tributaries of the stream in the same vicinity. It is also seen in the banks of the Little Darby, one mile above Georgesville. About fifteen feet of this formation is shown in the first-mentioned locality. It is immediately overlain by the heavy and easily recognizable ledges of the Corniferous limestone. This point, therefore, possesses the interest that always attaches to a well-marked boundary in a geological series. The junction of the two great divisions of geological time is found here, the Helderberg limestone, belonging to the Upper Silurian system, and the Corniferous to the Devonian. This is the only point in this part of the State where the line of junction between these limestones is plainly marked.

The Lower Helderberg limestone, as found in Franklin county, presents the same general appearances that its outcrops both to the north and south exhibit. The greater part of it is a very thin bedded, buff-colored, magnesian limestone. It contains here, as well as elsewhere, a notable quantity of bituminous matter. Fossils are, as a general thing, only to be found, after a very careful examination ; in the most considerable portion there being no trace of life. Occasional layers, however, exhibit indistinct casts of the characteristic fossil Leperditia alta,

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 169

of two or three small brachiopods, and of a small number of corals. Another phase that the formation here, ex: hibits may be called the "concretionary phase." Masses, rudely spheroidal in shape, and which show, in sections, something of a concentric construction, ranging from six inches to two or three feet in diameter, are met with, especially in the lower part of the limestone here exposed. The smaller masses are not unlike sponges of the Stromatopora group, but there is no good reason to believe that they are of organic origin. Clay, is found in their layers;_ very fine grained, and homogeneous in quality. The only economical use to which the Helderberg limestone can be turned is to the production of a good quality of lime. The courses of the stone are too thin and irregular to be valuable for building purposes, especially as the Corniferous stone overlying is so finely adapted to this use.

The Corniferous limestone holds a very valuable place in the geology of the country. It covers a wide area, is a very thick formation, has numerous exposures, yields building stone and lime of great value, and is very extensively worked for both. It may be added that it is one of the most remarkable storehouses of the remains of ancient life in our whole series of rock formations. It possesses every element of geological interest. The whole thickness of the formation appears in Franklin county, but there is no one section that contains every element. The nearest approach to a complete section is to be found in the east bank of the Scioto, from Dub. lin north to the county line: A few feet are here wanting, both at the top and bottom of the series. The actual thickness of the- section is about seventy-five feet. A section found at Corbin's mills, and on the adjacent lands of Joseph Ferris, is a fair representative of the series. Beginning at the water's edge, a heavy course of cutting stone appears, the thickness of which sometimes rises to two and one-half feet. This is overlain by eight feet of buff-colored magnesian limestone, Which lies in heavy but uneven beds. These courses have a maximum thickness of two and one-half feet, and are raised in blocks sufficiently large to make them valuable as a cutting stone. They are easily wrought, and, on this account, have acquired the local names of "free-stone" and "sandstone." These courses are followed by five feet of thinner .bedded rock, the thickness of the layers varying between four and eight inches. Two of these layers—one near the bottom and the other near. the top of the section—hold flint concretions. .These occur in regular nodales, chalk-white on the outside, and often of the same color throughout their substance.. They are very rich in the fossils of the formation, and they are in a remarkable state of preservation. The flinty layers in the section are overlain by nineteen feet of light-colored beds, commonly called "white limestone." These beds are crowded with fossils, of which the brachiopod shells are the most numerous. The beds, are thin, seldom exceeding six inches, and not very even: They furnish, at the best, building stone, as distinguished from cutting stone, but the most valuable use to which they can be put is the. manufactureof lime..

The next division, eleven feet in thickness, is not homogenous. The upper portion is made up of shale)' layers, of no value either as building stone. or lime burning. The upper boundary is made distinct by a remarkable. layer called the cone bed, and this bed is the boundary between two very distinct divisions of this series of limestone—the Delhi and Delaware beds of Professor Winchell. The latter division is locally known as the blue limestone, to distinguish it from the underlying courses. • It differs from these courses in color, in style of bedding, in chemical constitution, and in the character of its fossils. The color of the stone is• uniformly blue, and the bedding is very even. It contains a notable proportion of silica and alumina in its composition, which militates against its durability as a building stone. Only a few beds are found which resist the weather, and the stone in them is highly valued. The fossils of the Delaware bed are, at this point, chiefly fish remains. Teeth, plates, jaws, and other bones are not unfrequently met with throughout twenty-five feet of this series: The Deleware beds of this immediate section are thirty-two feet in thickness. Their upper boundary is as distinct as their lower, consisting of the blue shales that make the base of the great system of Devonian .shales that succeed this, the last of the Paleozoic lime-'stones of Ohio. The two well-marked divisions that appear in the section here described, are known as the Delaware limestone, and the Columbus. limestone. The former takes its name from the town of Delaware, where it is extensively used, and the latter name was bestowed by Dr. Newberry, very appropriately, as it. is at Columbus that the stone is most largely displayed and worked. A. section shown at the State, quarries represents twenty: six and a half feet. The lowest course lies below the level of low water in the Scioto, and was only reached when the quarries were being worked for the construction of the State house. . It is. a massive bed, five and. a half feet in thickness, though it: splits into two nearly equal courses very- easily. It can be raised in large blocks, and furnishes the best stone of the quarry for massive work.

Four other heavy courses, measuring, respectively, two feet ten inches, two feet three inches two feet .six inches, and two feet, come. next in order. All are raised in blocks of good size. and all are available for the best .uses in building. The prevailing color is light gray, with yellowish and bluish tints intermingled. The bottom hackletooth, which lies just above_ the courses already 'named, is he bluest stone in the quarry. It is fourteen inches thick, quite free from flint, and therefore considered one of the most desirable layers found. here. Then comes the top hackletooth, thirteen inches thick, used extensively for columns, and upon this there is a nineteen inch course, which furnishes only building. stone. The sixteen inch course next above splits .readily into "twin eights," and. is a very serviceable stone. The ten inch course, which covers this, is raised 'in long blocks, and so furnishes very convenient stone for steps, to which purpose it goes quite largely. The "rough rock" comes next, and here ends the cutting stone of the quarry. An

22

170 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO

interval, varying from eleven to fourteen feet of quite thin layers, useful for lime manufacture, and, to some extent, as building Stone, comes in before the horizon of the cone bed is reached. This last division is highly fossiliferous, and contains many of the characteristic features of the formation.

Paleontologically considered, the corniferous limestone is very interesting. Almost, all limestones are of organic origin, but this shows its origin in every layer. The substance of the rock is often composed of the exquisitely-formed fabrics of the life of the seas of this distant date. Seaweeds and corals, chambered and univalve shells and brachiopods were strewn indiscriminately upon the floor of this ancient sea, and built it up by slow additions. Vast periods of time were. occupied in this work. The species that flourished when the earlier beds were being deposited had their day, and in many instances gradually disappeared long before the series was compIeted. New forms came in from time to time, some of which are identical with species found in widely removed places, while others are peculiar to the locality in which found. Some fossils are abundant through the whole extent of the formation, even entering it from the seas of an earlier age. Others are equally abundant in the one limited horizon which they occupy. The wealth of the formation in this department is not yet appreciated, and cannot be until a greater interest and labor has been given to its study. One strong hold upon the interest of students of nature this formation possesses, is the fact that it contains the earliest undisputed remains of land vegetation and vertebrated animals that are found on the continent. Ifs tree ferns and its fishes are altogether new types in the world. Special interest is drawn' to these earlier forms on account of their bearing on questions of derivation. The remains of ancient fishes contained in the corniferous limestone mark the presence of a higher type of animal life in this formation than any of the strata below it contain. They constitute the lowest and oldest remains of vertebrates met in ascending the geological scale. Many of these corniferous fishes were of great size, and in some respects of quite high organization. Those of the present day which they most resemble are the ganoids, represented in North America by the pike and sturgeon, and the sharks, which are widely distributed in existing seas. The exact stratum in which they appear cannot be pointed out, but it was certainly quite low in the corniferous series—among the heavy course that constitutes the base of the system. The remains that are found of this lowest horizon are the cranial plates, often united in a symmetrical skull of ten great ganoid Macropetalicthys Sullivanti. This, then, is the lowest and oldest of the fishes of the Devonian rocks of Ohio. The type specimens were furnished by Joseph $ullivant, esq., of Columbus, to whose watchful and discriminating inspection of the State quarries, when they were most largely worked, science is under. great obligations. Quite a number of the most interesting fossils of the formation were gathered by. him at this time. The next fish remains.found in ascending the scale are those of Onychodus Sigmoides, the teeth of which are not uncommon fossils in the middle corniferous formation of Franklin county. These remains extend through a considerable vertical range, and can be followed into the Huron shale. There was a time in the history of the corniferous sea when fishes of this genus constituted its most conspicuous and abundant inhabitants. There was scarcely a square foot of the sea bottom, for hundreds of square miles, that did not contain a tooth or plate of jaw of some fish that had met its fate in the sea above. There were considerable areas that seem to have been the gathering grounds, perhaps the breeding places of these tribes of the sea. Here their remains are accumulated to the exclusion of almost- -everything else. A six-inch layer is chiefly composed of these remains. This is called the bone bed. Recent dredgings in existing seas show that over large areas of the sea-floor the teeth of sharks are of very frequent occurrence. The deposits are growing very slowly, and the dredge, very likely,. brings up at one haul the accumulations of scores, perhaps of hundreds of years. The reason why teeth are found so much more abundantly than any other portions of the skeleton, is that they are among the few portions that are thoroughly mineralized, and, consequently, able to resist decay, while the frame-work of the shark is chiefly cartilaginous.

The Huron shale is the next element in the geological scale of the county. This was the black slate of the older geologists. It occupies a much larger area than any other formation in the county, and has affected the physical geography much more. It is easily eroded, and, consequently, the valleys that have been wrought in it are broad, the water-sheds being reached by long and gradual slopes. It makes an important contribution to the soils of the county, and impresses its own 'character upon considerable areas, notwithstanding the fact that this whole region is covered by drift. It has been impossible to determine the thickness of the shale in Franklin county ; it is probably not far from three hundred feet. In Ross county it is, known to be three hundred and thirty-one feet thick. At the base of the series in this county, and also in Delaware, there are thirty feet of blue shales, with calcareous bands running through them. Prof. N. H. Winchell proposes for this blue belt the name of "Olentangy shales," which has generally been accepted as both convenient and unambiguous. The Olentangy shale appears to be the statagraphical equivalent of the beds termed "Hamilton shale" by Dr. Newberry. The Olentangy shale of Franklin county is very poor in fossils of any description. This shale is shown in but very few sections in this county. The best of them is in Perry township, in Slate run. The shale proper begins with a , boundary as definite as a black mark upon paper. Its lowest layer is as characteristic of the formation as any layer in it, and from this point up, with wonderful sameness of composition, layer after layer testifies to conditions of an ancient sea that remained unchanged until the floor had been covered with at least five hundred feet of fine, and, probably, slowly accumulating sediments. One of the most conspicuous features in the Huron shale is found in concretions, great and small, which it contains in great

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 171

numbers. They begin with the formation, and in the lowermost forty feet, all of the varieties of these structures can be seen. The shape which the larger and more regular take is that of flattened spheroids. Not unfrequently, two are joined together by a ligament uniting their centers. They are sometimes disc-like, and many of them lack regularity of outline. In composition, some variety 'is observable. Very many of the smaller ones consist of the crystallized bi-sulphide of iron, and some of them consist of symmetrical shell or scale of this 'substance' around a softer nucleus, which gives them the appearance of an iron casting. The nodules of this kind are o ten irregular in shape. The larger specimens invariably contain lime. and iron, the former substance being found sometimes in the center, in the shape of cole spar, but more frequently occurring in a dark semi-crystalline mineral that is quite characteristic. The iron is always intimately associated with the lime, and gives to the weathering concretions the dark yellow or ocherous color that marks them all in this stage. Rarer substances are sometimes met in the crystalline nuclei of the concretions. Heavy spar is one of these. Organic nuclei are sometimes found at the center of these bodies, and among these are some of the most interesting and remarkable fossils of the entire geological series. Wood is not uncommonly found. A species of ancient pine, Dadoxylon Newberryi, Dawson, furnished many of these centers. The great fish bones, however, are the most remarkable forms to be met with here. To Rev. H. Herzer, of Berea, Ohio, the credit is due of bringing to light the bones of the most remarkable of the great series of fish that the rocks of Ohio have so far yielded. Dinicthys, the fish to which reference is here made, united, in a surprising way, the characteristics of forms widely separated now. More than any other fossil, it has served to show that the group of ganoids of Devonian time; to which it belongs, ,"formed the parent stock, from which, by differentiation, the fishes have branched off on one side, and the amphibious and reptiles upon. the other." It agrees so closely in dentition with the modern Lepdosiren, which most systematists rank as the highest of modern fishes, that the latter can scarcely be doubted to be derived from it by lineal descent. There are two species of this genus described from the Huron shale of Ohio. Both were of great size and power. Aside from these concretions, the Huron; shale of Franklin county may be described as nearly non-fossiliferous. Only a -few 'forms occur. On the surface of the layers, star-shaped leaves of marine plants are found occasionally. In some instances, a thin film of coal represents the vegetable tissues. In the waste of the slate; silicified coniferous wood is_ often found, but it is believed that this is generally derived from the breaking down of the concretions already noticed, of which it often constitutes the nucleus. Towards the upper limit of the slate, in some localites the teeth and rhombic plates of small ganoid fishes have been found, black and shining. They agree almost exactly with the fossils of the same group from the Cleveland shale. The best point for collecting these rare forms (in Franklin county,) is in the fine exposures of the shale in the valley of the Big

Walnut, near Central college, Blendon township. A fine specimen 'of the crest of teeth peculiar to the dentition of onychodus was obtained from the shale of Slate run, in Perry township, by Mr. W. Meteer, and was by him presented to the State collection. No divisions have been established in the Huron shale by which its several sections can be united into one general section. One bed, however, remains to be noticed, which can be distinguished lithologically. It is a red or chocolate colored band, from fifteen to twenty feet in thickness, that makes the uppermost portion of the shale. This red band is best shown at Taylor's station, in Jefferson township, and at several points in Miffln township, in the eastern bank of Big Walnut creek. The exposure in the slate cliff opposite Central college is particularly conspicuous.

The Waverly group is the next formation in order, and the last in the scale of the county. It is found in three separate bodies, which are situated as follows: I, a small outlier in the southeastern part of Jefferson township; II, the largest body of the county, which occupies all of Plain township, and part of Blendon, 'Mifflin, Jefferson and Truro; III, a corner of Madison township, south of Winchester, which embraces but a few hundred acres. The first of these is well shown in the Central Ohio railroad cut, at Taylor's station. The stone is generally thin-bedded, the courses not being more than six or eight inches in thickness, except where, by an unknown agency, the material of the layer is gathered up, for a few square feet, into an ungainly mass. The lower side of the lowermost layer is almost always beautifully riffle-marked, and similar indications of shallow water occur again and again through the thirty feet succeeding. The line of junction between the Huron and Waverly formations is shown with distinctness at several points. On the land of E. Compton, adjoining the farm of S. R. Armstrong, in Jefferson township, in the valley of Black Lick the contact of the two formations is plain to be seen. Another point of contact. is shown in Mifflin township, on the eastern bank of Big Walnut, extending through several miles, and still another is found on the bank of Rocky fork, one mile east of Gahanna. More than ordinary interest attaches to this boundary. It is the dividing line between two great divisions of geological time—the Devonian and Carboniferous. The Devonian formations ' were mainly deep sea deposits, or if great depth was not required for their origin, still there are but few traces of shores, or of the life of the land, but in the Carboniferous all is changed. Vast regions of the old sea floor are lifted up to the level, and even above, the present level of the sea. This is shown by the first layer deposited. 'They are riffle-rnarked. It is the life of the land that gives interest and value to this great division. The Waverly series, as shown in Franklin county, contains three well-marked elements, viz: The Waverly shale, ten to twenty feet in thickness; the Waverly quarry system, certainly sixty feet, and probably more, in thickness, and the Cleveland shale of Dr. Newberry, or the Waverly Black shale of Prof. Andrews, which does not here attain a thickness of more than fifteen feet. The Waverly shales consist of light blue or drab, non-fossilif-

172 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.

erous clay shales, which lack. the ,fine lamination of the Huron. The Waverly quarry courses .can be seen to the best advantage on the land of S. R. Armstrong, esq., just . where the Central Ohio railroad crosses Black Lick. The stone has been quite extensively worked here.. The sec-

tion measures forty-eight feet, but the courses which are of economical value are widely separated and constitute . but a small portion of the quarry. The best of the courses are, in color, light blue,- quite uniform in texture, and work well under the saw. The Ohio Institution for the Blind, and the foundation of the Union depot at Columbus, are built of this stone. The Cleveland shale is known, as already stated, at but one locality in the county, and that is at Ealy's Mills, in Jefferson township, on the banks of Rocky -Fork. The shale is charged with the remains of ancient life, and that, too,. of the highest 'division_ of the animal kingdom---vertebrates. The surface of many slabs is thickly covered with the teeth and plates and bones of the shark and ganoids of the early day. Two brachiopods also—Lingula 'wile, Hall, and Discina Newberryi, Hall,--are abundant. The shale is heavily charged with bituminous matter.

The drift deposits of the county are far more important than the bedded rocks on which they rest, so far as useful applications are concerned, for they furnish its soils and water supply and all of the minor modifications of the surface, upon which drainage and tillage depend, are much more closely connected with them than with the rocky substratum. The drift of Franklin county falls into the two great divisions that appear in so many other portions of Ohio, viz: the unstratified and stratified deposits. The valley of the Scioto was a broad and deep furrow .through the central district of the State, and must have formed. a favorable line of advance for the. glacial agencies. For this reason the drift deposits have been very extensive. 'The bowlder clay, sand, pebbles, and polished blocks of stone, foreign to the locality by nature of formation, attest the mighty workings of the glaciers and ice floes. Among the other deposits are the peculiar flattened spheroidal concretions of the Huron shale. They are so numerous that scarcely a half dozen cubic yards. of drift can be excavated without uncovering one or more of them. The great number of them indicate the devastation, by the tremendous abrading agency of the.glaciers, of an immense quantity of the shale in which they were once imbedded. The bowlder clay is generally blue in color, as one of the names by which. it is designated. implies. This soil .is 'probably pushed forward and worked over by the glacier as it advanced. It is not an uncommon thing to find the trunks, branches or roots of trees deeply buried in it. Most such specimens appear water-worn, or at least there is no indication that they grew where they are now found. They are doubtless of a pre-glacial growth. Wood of the character mentioned has been found, scores of times, in the -digging of wells in Jefferson, Truro, Madison, Norwich and Prairie townships. The stratified drift exhibiting all of the characteristics of the drift of the Champlain period, covers a large area in the central and southeastern parts of the counties. The finest farming districts, within

the limits of the county, are to be found in the division.

The Karnes, or gravel knolls, are well represented in Baker's hill, three miles south of Columbus, on the' Groveport pike. It rises fifty feet above the level of the.. surrounding country, and consists of well-washed sand and gravel placed here by the action of some great eddy in the lake that formerly occupied the Scioto valley. When Baker's. hill was underwater there was very little of Hamilton and Madison townships out of water, and the Scioto must have been at least twelve miles in width.

ECONOMIC GEOLOGY.

The useful applications of the corniferous limestone are two in number, and of immense importance. The formation furnishes building stone and lime. The supply in Franklin county is indefinitely great. It can be counted by the square mile in areas that require very little- shipping. The quarries are never less than twenty feet deep, and often thirty feet of stone, every foot of which is available for some purpose, lies above the river level. Very much can be said in favor of the stone. It is a dense, compact limestone, with a specific gravity of more than 2.5; is very strong and can bear all of the burdens which' architecture demands. Its color is good, and it receives ornamentation to good advantage. As to durability, it can be said that the corniferous limestone furnishes much material decidedly above the average of limestones.. The chief drawback is its highly fossiliferous character. The principal quarries now worked are the State quarries and Smith & Price's quarries, though there are numerous others carried on upon a small scale. The other chief use of this stone is the manufacture of quick lime. A large business of this sort is carried on in connection with the quarries above mentioned. The Columbus lime is a very hot, strong, white lime, and can be made to do the best work of its kind in every respect.

The economical uses of the Huron shale are quite limited. It is applied on a small scale to the making of roads and walks, and the clay into which it weathers has been found to constitute an excellent material for sewer pipes. The north Columbus factory depends chiefly on this source of supply for its extensive production, and the. Wassail fire-clay works also make use, to some extent, of the same material.

The stone in the Waverly group exposures is also, as has been heretofore mentioned, quite extensively quarried.

GEOLOGY OF PICKAWAY COUNTY.

The whole county is covered with drift, and everywhere, in gravel or bowlders, appear the evidences of an agency which has brought foreign materials and scattered them over the surface. The bowlders are composed of granites, diorites, quartzites, etc., which have come from regions north of the lakes. Occasionally a limestone bowlder is seen, and much of the drift gravel is composed of the same material. The whole surface of the county presents the appearance of having once been the bed of a shallow lake or sea, for the gravel and sand show ripple marks and other modifications, such as water only could

HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 173

produce. The bowlders were probably .dropped from floating ice. They are to be seen almost everywhere, but perhaps more along the eastern border of the county, especially in Salt Creek township, and they may be traced, in diminished numbers, for a considerable distance down the Salt Creek valley. This Salt creek presents to the geologist some very interesting features. It rises in Salt Creek township, within the proper basin of the Scioto valley, but leaves the basin and curves to the eastward for many miles, among the high hills of Hocking and Vinton counties, to come back into the narrowed valley of the Scioto, in Ross county. To make this distance, it has been compelled to work out for itself a deep . channel in the Waverly sand rock. In some places it

11 flows in a narrow gorge, with scarcely room enough upon the banks beneath the cliffs for highways. "Seine of the wildest and most picturesque scenery in the State," says II. the Geological Report, "is to be found on the waters of Salt creek."

Beneath the surface, in the lower valleys of the county, is to be found blue and yellow-drift clays: In the blue clays are often found fragments of wood.

The soil is of great fertility,and Pickaway is, probably, the richest county, agriculturally considered, in the Second geological district. The alluvial lands along the Scioto river and Darby and Deer creeks, are remarkably rich, while the terraced planes, with their limestone gravels, are scarcely less so. On the uplands the soil is also good. With such soil, with beautiful and clear streams, and a fine climate, the farmers of Pickaway have a "goodly heritage," and may consider themselves well compensated for the want of the more important minerals.

The leading features in the geology of the country are simple, and easily understood. The Waverly sandstone, Huron shales, and cornieferous limestone are all found. The first of these underlies all of Fairfield county, and has its line of Western outcrop along the eastern border of Pickaway. Probably all of Salt Creek township is within the range of the Waverley, and wherever, along the eastern borders of Washington, Walnut, and Madison townships, the eastern highlands project themselves westward in spurs, the Waverley will be found. Direct!) west of the line of the Waverley is the great Ohio black slate of the former geologists; the Huron shales of Dr. Newberry, which dips beneath the Waverley to the east. This slate underlies nearly the whole of the county, but is so buried by the drift and other surface deposits as to be but seldom seen. It appears, however,. in the beds Of Darby and Deer creeks, and there is a good exhibition of it in Deer Creek township, at Williamsport. If, by some process of baking, this slate might be hardened sufficiently, it would become of economic importance. As at other places, there are found at Williamsport, in this slate, small deposits of iron pyrites, or bi-sulphide of iron, which is of no value except for the manufacture of copperas, for which 'purpose it does not exist in sufficient quantity. Bitumen exists in the slate, and gives to it its black color. The proportion is from eight to ten per cent.—nearly one-fourth as much as is found in bituminous coal. The conditions under which this formation was deposited involved quiet water, charged with a constant supply of fine sediment, with which there was always commingled organic matter, which alone could have furnished the bitumen. The even distribution of the bitumen throughout the entire mass would imply that the water abounded with the minuter forms of animal and vegetable- life, but thus far no trace of such forms has been discovered. The black slate is an evident source of rock oil or petroleum. It affords oil readily by artificial distillation,. but abundant evidence exists that it is produced by natural process. At numerous points are found springs of oil at the top of the slate. They are generally in the lowest layers of the overlying sandstone,' as if the ascending oil had been intercepted by the sandstone and had found an outlet through its more open layers. Such oil springs abound in the western part of Scioto and eastern part of Adams counties. The black slate is said to answer an excellent purpose for coating roofs, when burned and mixed with coal tar. Wells bored in the slate often strike fissures charged with combustible gas, which may be used for heating or lighting dwellings and factories, as at Painesville and other places near the lake.

Corniferous limestone is found in the western part of the county-----the same as that found and so largely utilized at Columbus. It contains interesting remains of fishes, shells, etc. This limestone appears in the bed of Deer creek; a few miles west of Williamsport.

The underlying rock strata in the , county are too. deeply buried to exert any influence in fertilizing the soil. The soil derives its peculiar fertility from -the calcareous nature of the drift materials and from the rich alluvial deposits which border the streams. Such soil is alone a noble endowment for the county. Coals and ores must, in any locality, be exhausted in time, but the soil of Pickaway, with proper tillage, will be a perpetual . source Of prosperity and wealth.