200 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. day, May 30, 1879, his remains were brought back and deposited by the side of his loved ones, under the sacred benediction of those marble hands. Nearly opposite to the Forest cemetery, but a little nearer the city, is the newly opened cemetery of St. Joseph's (Roman Catholic) church. It consists of six acres, purchased in August, 1877, of Caspar McCabe, for one thousand dollars. Two avenues only have been laid out through the grounds at right angles, in the form of a Roman cross. It was consecrated July 4, 1878, and the first interment took place on the same day—that of Miss Mary Roach, a young lady, about eighteen years old. Only six or seven graves have been added since that time. The most of the ground has been cultivated in wheat during the present season. MERCANTILE INTERESTS. A complete history of the mercantile interests of the place would embrace a sketch of all the leading merchants, both past and present, that have ever done business here in any department of trade. We regret that we have no space for such a history, but must content ourselves with little more than a bare enumeration of the individuals and firms now engaged in three of the principal branches of merchandise. I. DRY GOODS. Those engaged at present in this business are the following: Wolfley & Hartmeyer, Delaplaine & Doane, J. Darst, W. S. Jacobson & Co., D. Peirce, Wallace & Bro., J. Weill, Wallace & Schleyer, and L. Abt & Co. Of these, Wolfley & Hartmeyer represent the oldest establishment, dating back to about the year 1829. The name of Darst has been prominent in the mercantile history of Circleville for many years. The first who bore it in that capacity were two brothers—Isaac and William P. Darst—who established themselves here, in the dry goods trade, in 1832, both having previously been clerks for Bradshaw & Turney, pioneer merchants of Circleville, as early as 1816. They were brothers of Joseph Darst, for many years a shoe merchant in this place. The present J. Darst is the survivor of two cousins of the same name—Jacob Darst—who were in partnership here for a long time, having become successors to Darst & Hedges. The elder of the two cousins (now deceased) was the father of Miss Lillie C. Darst, editor and proprietor of the Circleville Herald. II. HARDWARE. The only ones doing a general hardware business at present in Circleville are the following: Cyrus Benford, W. A. Ensworth & Co., and B. H. Moore. Of these, Benford has the oldest store, having been established about the year 1845. III. DRUGS. The druggists now doing business here are the following: Z. H. Fickardt, W. W. Ballard, Evans & Krimmel, and H. E. Grand-Girard. Mr. Fickhardt came here in 1839, and his establishment dates back to 1830, being the oldest drug store in the city. He is the proprietor of an excellent tonic medicine called "Angelica Bitters," from the principal ingredient, and "Poor Man's Tonic,' from the low price at which it is sold. BANKS. Of these, there have been six of a public character. The first, known as the Bank of Circleville, was organized in the fall of 1834, under a special act of the legislature, passed March 3d, of the same year, with a capital of $200,000, having for its commissioners Joseph Olds, Samuel Rogers, N. S. Gregg, Andrew Huston, William Renick, sr., William Renick, jr., Elias Florence and Samuel Lybrand, who, on the first Monday in June, opened the books for subscriptions to the stock. During the twenty years it did business, it had three presidents, viz.: Joseph Olds, N. S. Gregg and Joel Franklin; and two cashiers, of whom Hoel Lawrence was the first, and his son, Hoel K. Lawrence, the second. For a period of about seventeen years, the bank was under an able direction, and advanced to a high degree of prosperity. At length, in 1853, the elder Lawrence died, an event which was soon followed by a negotiation for the transfer of a controlling interest to some new parties, and the consequent resignation of its judicious president, N. S. Gregg. Thenceforward its welfare waned, and, in one of the months of 1854, it failed. On the sixteenth of August, 1839, books were opened by John Barr, Jacob Shoemaker and Jonathan Renick, three of the twelve commissioners, for subscriptions to the stock of the second bank, whose act of incorporation reached back to January 14, 1818, also entitled the Bank of Circleville, having an authorized capital of $300,000, with right to commence business when $150,000 were subscribed, and fifteen per cent. thereof paid in, and the governor's certificate procured. It would appear that there was not much readiness on the part of more than a few of the citizens of the county to become shareholders, and only after non-residents of the county and State entered their names for the deficient sum, was the organization perfected. A Mr. Brown, whose given name can not now be -recalled, a resident of New York, was elected the president, and one Charles Cornwell, the cashier. For reasons, which seem not to have been made public, the governor of Ohio declined to certify that the bank had complied with the provisions of the statutes, and, it being deemed important that this official declaration by the bank should have a verification by disinterested parties, the board appointed E. B. Olds and P. N. White to make examination of the books and to count the funds. They, having complied with the request, reported that they found the institution in possession of $23,000, gold and silver, a sum $500 in excess of the fifteen per cent. necessary to have before operations could be begun legally. There may be now no one living who knows just how long the said $23,000 was held as a real basis for a two-fold, or more, circulation, but two or three individuals yet survive who have always believed that another bank were creditors therefor, and that the loan was of short duration. However that may be, on the sixth of April, 1840, business with the public began; whether in sin, to bring forth iniquity, or in honesty, to bear good fruit, HISTORY OF FRANKLINAND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 201 the current sentiment of the day got into no controversy. Suffice it to say, that not twelve months elapsed before resident number one gave place to number two, and the rst cashier to the second. Seymour G. Renick becoming the successor of the one, and William McCulloch that if the other. But the ebb and flow of affairs did not mprove. The notes of the bank were a source of annoyance. As children, they had too warm affection for their parents, and back to them they would continually go. At length an hour of paralysis came, and on the morning of the fourteenth of April, 1842, after an asthmatic existence of two years and eight days, it expired. Its worthy incumbent cashier was humiliated, and, for a little while, became a recluse. It happened that some of the directors were small depositors, and felt that their balances needed attention. The dejected official who held the keys of the vault was visited, and importuned therefor, and on the plea of a desire to take an inventory of the contents of the safe, the keys were surrendered. The repository was soon opened, and the ledger examined. A found himself a creditor for one hundred dollars, B for two hundred dollars, and C for three hundred dollars. There must be no loss to them. The trunks were found to be replete with the bills of the corporation, but to contain no other. "What per cent. of their face will they probably bring in the open market?" was the query. Fifty cents on the dollar became the estimate. "Then," said they, "let us take enough of them, at those figures, to square accounts." So doing, the Bank of Circleville, ear-marked "the old," was left to dance on the sea of public opinion as best she could; and on she went, drifting for twenty-nine years, until, at length, by the weight of the last judicial determination, she went down to join the kindred dead. The third organization was that of the Pickaway County Savings Institute, with a capital of $25,000, of which M. Brown was made president, and 0. Ballard, jr., cashier. In 1851, the Institute was merged into the Pickaway County bank, a corporation organized under the act to authorize free banking, passed March 21, 1851, by the general assembly of the State of Ohio, with capital stock of $200,000. The board of directors consisted of Samuel Rogers, James E. Rice, J. A. Troup, James R. Hulse and Marcus Brown. On the tenth of October, 1863, the stockholders of the Pickaway County bank accepted of the provisions of the "act to provide a national currency, secured by the pledge of the United States bonds," and organized under it as the First National bank of Circleville, with a capital stock increased to $26o,000. The board of directors consisted of N. S. Gregg, Samuel Rogers, S. H. Ruggles, James E. Rice, Hanson Rock and Marcus Brown. Marcus Brown was elected president, and 0. Ballard, jr., appointed cashier, and now, after the lapse of thirty years, these officers are still in the management, and few banks have had better success. The sixth, and last, organization occurred on the fourteenth of January, 1864, when the Second National bank, with a capital stock of $125,000, opened its doors to the public, having elected N. S. Gregg, esq., its now venerable president, as its highest officer, and Henry N. Hedges, jr., still its second official, as the cashier. This institution, also, has been well conducted, and its shares have proved to be a valuable acquisition to the holders. CANAL BUSINESS. The completion of the Ohio canal gave a great impetus to the prosperity of Circleville. The construction of the work gave employment to large numbers of men, and support to their families. By reducing the expense of importation it lessened the price of all sorts of merchandise; and by affording readier means for the export of home products, it increased their volume and stimulated still greater production. In 1846 the clearances from this port, of the five principal articles of export, were as follows: Of corn, 106,465 bushels; wheat, 24,918 bushels; broom corn, 426,374 pounds; pork, 1,277,212 pounds, and of lard, 1,458,259 pounds. The business continued to increase till the year. 1856, when the first railroad through Circleville (the Cincinnati & Zanesville, or Muskingum Valley road) was built. From this time the -business by canal diminished till, in the year 1876, the record for the five articles named, stood as follows : Corn, 44,492 bushels; wheat, 7,588 bushels; pork, 134,3.17 pounds; lard, 92,233 pounds; broom corn, none. The next year the Scioto Valley road was completed, and the result was that, in 1878, the year following, the clearances by canal had almost entirely ceased, the only exports reported being: of pork, 6,857 pounds, and of flour, 798 barrels, the latter having amounted, in 1875, to 1,280 barrels. This falling off is, of course, due to the fact that the railroads are able to underbid the canal in the price of freights. For exports the latter has become useless, and almost the only import which it still controls, is that of coal. Should the railroads secure the handling of that, the canal would, in all probability, be abandoned. FIRE DEPARTMENT. It would be interesting and instructive to trace the history of the Circleville fire army (or, as it might better be called, water army, since its object is to fight the "fire fiend" with water) from the first organization of the " bucket brigade " in pioneer times, through the days of the " Thames " rotary engine, the "old Scioto," with its end brakes, and the " new Scioto " with its side brakes, down to the present era of steam fire engines and pumping works. For this, however, we have not room, but must plunge at once in medial res of the present system. The Circleville fire department consists at present of one hundred and thirty members, divided into four companies, and organized under the leadership of chief engi neer H. H. Nicholas, first assistant engineer T. H. Casper, and second assistant engineer Charles McLean. The organization was created and is controlled by municipal law, and is a combination of the pay with the volunteer principle—the officers, during the time of fires and when on parade, being clothed with police powers. Circleville company No. t, consists of forty members, having in charge the steam engine " Circleville," with the following -officers : F. Drescher, engineer ; W. M. 26 202 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO Todd, stoker ; B. Wolfram, foreman; Jos. Ridgeway, first assistant ditto ; John Crayne, second assistant ditto; George Denman, secretary; Mayor I. P. Todd, treasurer ; Peter Foerst, messenger, and J. Streich, pioneer. Buckeye engine and hose company No. 2, consists of forty members, having in charge " Buckeye " steam engine No. 2, and one or two hose carts, under the following officers : Andrew Rudle, engineer ; D. Thockmorton, foreman ; L. Seigwalt, assistant ditto ; H. Weimer, secretary ; F. Hoffman, treasurer ; W. Schwartz, foreman of hose department ; J. Hester, assistant ditto ; Charles Butler, first pipeman ; Frank Feeny, assistant ; Thomas Sharkey, second pipeman ; H. Williams, assistant ; A. Todd and J. Sheridan, pioneers. Niagara hose company, No. I, consists of twenty members, having in charge two hose carts, the officers being as follows : E. Case, foreman ; A. Krimmell, assistant ditto ; R. D. Moffitt, secretary ; Charles McLean, treasurer ; M. Donelly, first pipeman ; Geo. Wilson, assistant ; D. Brannan, second pipeman ; D. Gephart, asssistant, and Thos. Tracy, pioneer. Scioto hand engine company consists of thirty colored members, having charge of hand engine " Scioto " and two hose trucks. The following are the officers : J. Jackson, foreman ; J. McMann, assistant ditto ; J. Norman, secretary ; W. H. Weaver, treasurer ; W. Hohlms, foreman of the hose department ; T. Turner, first pipe-man ; J. Grant, second ditto, and R. B. Peterson, pioneer. The steam engines mentioned above are the most elaborate and expensive of their kind, and (like all the other apparatus named) are kept in perfect order and ready for efficient service at a moment's notice. The remarkable exemption of the city from destructive fires, during the past quarter of a century, proves conclusively the rare effectiveness of the department. And we are pleased to learn that, as in the great political rebellion of 1861, so in the smaller fire-rebellions which they now 'eagerly aid in quelling, the " colored troops " still fight nobly, thus establishing their claim to be regarded as useful citizens of the country whose life they helped to save. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. These, for a town of seven thousand inhabitants, are very well represented in Circleville. We begin with THE SCIOTO MACHINE WORKS. These works, embracing machine shop and foundry, were established in the fall of 185o, by Messrs. Bright & Bierce. The first iron was melted in August, 1851. In 1852 Bierce sold out to Bright, and the latter took, as partner, H. J. Lawrence. The next year Lawrence sold out, and George West became partner with Bright, under the firm name of Bright & Co. This firm failed in 1855. In 1856, Irvin & Miller rented the property, and carried on the business about nine months. Then Risher & Dunkle rented it, in the latter part of 1856, carried on the business of making wheat drills for about two years, and failed. In the latter part of 1858 it was purchased by W. W. Bierce, for nine thousand dollars, and carried on successfully till 1864. They made a specialty (as the other firms did, for the most part) of steam engines, threshing machines, and stoves. In 1864 Bierce failed, and the property passed into the hands of Haswell, Wright & Co., who owned it till August, 1878, and then sold out to the Scioto Machine company for fifteen thousand dollars. Of this company, which was organized on the twelfth of August, 1878, with a capital of thirty thousand dollars, the following are the officers: President, T. C. Wallace; superintendent, A. R. Dumm; auditor; J. Q. A. Oliver. They employ, on an average, about thirty-five hands. These works are situated on the corner of Main street and the Ohio canal, and it is a part of their history that the main building was erected as a hotel, by Andrew Cradlebaugh, about the year 1836. Mr. Cradlebaugh also had a tannery at the rear of his hotel. The building was considerably enlarged in 1842, soon after which time Mr. Cradlebaugh died, his widow continuing the business till 1850, when the property was purchased by Bright & Bierce, as stated above. CIRCLEVILLE TANNERY. This establishment is located on the opposite side of the street from the machine works. It was built by John Hayes, about the year 185o. He sold out to Howard Jackson, in July, 1856, for four thousand dollars. Howard sold his half interest to George Metzger, in 1858, and the present proprietors, George and William Roth (brothers), bought out Jackson & Metzger, in 1871, paying ten thousand dollars for the building and grounds. Harness leather is a specialty with them, of which they turn out about seventy-five hides a week. Ten men are employed in the business. Farther up the canal, on High street, are two large PORK PACKING HOUSES. The first we come to, on the south side of the street, is the one owned by S. H. Ruggles. On the opening of the canal, in 1832 or 1833, the business was commenced, in a small way, by Samuel Rogers and William Martin, with whom was associated Mr. Baldwin, of Cleveland. Mr. Ruggles, as we understand, became proprietor of the concern in 1843. The establishment was rebuilt and enlarged in 1869. Since that time the average number of hogs slaughtered annually has been from ten to fifteen thousand. The limit of capacity is about twenty thousand. Curing, hams is a specialty. From fifty to sixty hands are employed during the slaughtering season. The establishment on the north side of the street is the one now owned by John Groce & Son. The business was commenced here by Olds & McCoy, in 1837. They sold out to Atwater & Groce, in 1848. Mr. Atwater died in 1852, and Mr. Groce then became sole proprietor. In 187o, while they were attempting to place a new foundation under the old wooden building, a heavy rain coming on and washing out the supports, the whole fell in ruins. Out of these ruins sprang the commodious brick structure which now occupies the ground. In 1878 a summer packing house was added, which is kept almost at the freezing point by a large refrigerator, forty-eight by forty feet, the coolness being HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 203 propelled by six hundred tons of ice. In this, three hundred hogs a day can be cared for, with as much safety as in mid-winter. This is claimed as the most convenient establishment of the kind in the Scioto valley. From ten to twelve thousand hogs is its annual aughtering capacity. It is worthy of remark that the oreman of the concern, George W. Downs, a native of Circleville, has been in the employ of Mr. Groce for twenty-seven years—a compliment both to employer and employed. Far out on Washington street, south of the railroad, is located THE SWEET-CORN CANNING AND DRYING ESTABLISHMENT. The proprietors are C. E. Sears & Co., who began the business in 1873, at first only for drying. They commenced canning in 1876. In that year Evans, Day & Co., of Baltimore, Maryland, came on and put their apparatus into one of the drying houses, Sears & Co. furnishing the corn, and Evans, Day & Co. doing the packing. The next year [1877] Sears & Co. purchased the canning apparatus, and have since carried on both branches of the business. They raise all their corn on leased ground. The first year they put up the smaller drying house, and dried the corn raised on one hundred acres. The next year they put up the larger house (nearly twice as large as the former) and dried the product of at least three hundred and fifty acres. Since that time they have cultivated from four to five hundred acres. In 1878 they sold fifteen hundred barrels of dried corn, and over three hundred thousand two-pound cans of canned corn. For eight months, in planting, cultivating and harvesting both corn and fodder, about twelve men with teams are employed. During the harvesting season the largest number they have ever employed, at one time, was four hundred, comprising men, women and children. Last year, for one item of labor, they paid out ten thousand dollars. Surely, a most beneficent industry. THE GAS WORKS are situated on the corner of Mound street and the canal. They were established by Coverdale & Bierce, in 1859. They commenced furnishing light in January, 186o. In 1863, Colonel S. A. Moore, having previously been a large stockholder, became sole proprietor. The original capital was twenty-six thousand dollars, and the annual dividends, notwithstanding the exaggerated notion so prevalent, as to the profits of the gas business, have not been over ten per cent. It requires courage and enterprise to establish gas works in a town of five thousand inhabitants (which is probably more than Circleville had in 1859), and when capitalists are found sufficiently public-spirited to furnish their fellow-citizens with such a convenience, they certainly deserve a liberal patronage. THE BROOM-CORN INTEREST Is one of the largest and most important industrial interests of Circleville at the present time. It is proper, as well as convenient, to class it among the manufactures, although the corn is simply made into bales and then ,old in bulk, to be manufactured into brooms and brushes in various parts of the country. Eaton Brothers were the pioneers in this business, commencing about the year 1838, and continuing until 1851. They cultivated about one hundred and fifty acres of ground. Messrs. Edward and J. P. Smith commenced the business in 1852. In 1856 J. P. Smith left, and Edward Smith carried it on alone during the next year. Then James H. Lynch became a partner, continuing in the business for two years. J. P. Smith returned in 1860, and since that time the two brothers have continued together. At first they cultivated but two hundred acres. Since 1863 the average number has been about one thousand. One year [1864 or 1865] they had one thousand two hundred acres under cultivation. In 1864 they paid to the government a tax on forty-two thousand dollars, as the income from their business for that year. Up to 1862 they cultivated, for the most part, rented land; since then, almost entirely, land of their own. During the cultivation of the crop, about sixty men, with as many horses and mules, are employed. During the harvesting season of two months, some three hundred persons are employed, consisting of men, women, and children. Over twenty-five thousand dollars are paid out annually for labor. The average product of their business is three hundred and fifty tons, which is distributed through nearly all the northern States. The process of their work may be briefly stated as follows: The first thing done, after cutting the corn, is the removal of the seed, which is of course done by machinery; then it is taken to the drying sheds, and left till it is thoroughly air-dried ; thence to the bale-house, where it is pressed and baled. Sometimes it is shipped directly from this point, but more commonly it is taken to the large store-house on Court street, just south of the railroad, where it is stored until the accumulation of orders demands its shipment. This building, with the ground on which it stands, cost over seven thousand dollars. A low estimate of the capital invested in the business amounts to a hundred and twenty thousand dollars, as follows: lands, one hundred thousand dollars; buildings, thirteen thousand dollars; horses and implements, seven thousand dollars. About three hundred acres of the land cultivated lies in Circleville township; the rest, in Jackson. Mr. Edward Smith, the principal proprietor, has a charming suburban villa on south Court street, near the city limits. The fine mansion stands in the midst of spacious grounds, skillfully laid out and planted with shrubbery and trees, of various kinds, deciduous and evergreen—the planting having been done many years ago by Mr. Smith's own hands, or under his direction. This magnificent property, which is worth "a mint 'o money," is not embraced in the estimate given above. THE PLOW MANUFACTORY of Schwartz & Son was established in 1852. A part of the large brick building now occupied by them, on the corner of Franklin and Pickaway streets, was, some time previous to that date, a place of worship, having been built by a branch of the Methodists, calling themselves the "Mutual Rights Methodist Episcopal Church." The 204 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. other part of the works was built in 1866. The proprietors buy the castings for their plows in various markets, make the wrought-iron portions at their own forges, and do the wood work in the upper part of their building. Repairing machinery of all kinds is now a large part of their business. They turn out an average of a hundred plows annually, all of which are sold in the county. OTHER FACTORIES ENUMERATED. There are several other manufacturing establishments, now in operation here, some of which are perhaps quite 'as deserving of extended mention, as the most of those -already noticed ; but want of space compels us to content ourselves with a brief enumeration. These establishments, with the names of their owners, are as follows : Three flouring mills, owned by Mr. Delaplane, Heffner & CO., and Jacob Young. Two planing mills, manufacturing sash, doors and blinds, by John Pickering, and C. B. Tyler. Four carriage factories, by Wm. Bauder & Son, Brobeck & Denman, James C. Duffey, and a joint stock company in Acker's building, on Court street. (Wm. Bauder built the first buggy ever made in Circleville, and that was forty years ago. The firm of William Bauder & Son now turn out about fifty fine carriages a year—this kind of work being with them a specialty. They keep the best lumber wagons on sale, but not of their own manufacture.) Nine tailor shops, by G. Christy Bayer, Kinzel & Hannig, B. M. Thompson, Matthew Littleton, Henry Alspaugh, Thos. Howard, James Steele, Chas. Sprates, and Franz Moeller. One gun shop, by Chas. M. Siebert, manufacturing the wood work of guns and rifles. Iwo brick yards, by Mr. McCollister and Mr. Brunnshein. One broom shop, by Michael Goeller. Five tin shops, by Wm. Richardson, Hoffman & McMullen, Haswell & Co., Henry Greer, and John Cull. Six boot and shoe shops, by T. J. Epps, E. E. Bock, Thos. Orpwood, Charles Fismer, H. Bowling, and A. D. Schurn. Five harness and saddle shops, by W. A. Empie, Sapp & McCollister, A. Smith, Harry Clemens, and Thos. Stover. Two marble shops, by James Harsha, and Price & Glick. Three cooper shops, by James Sapp, Gideon Reif (turning out five thousand barrels a year), and Conrad Ritchie. Three bakeries, by M. Bish, Jacob Mader, and John Mader. One confectionery establishment, by G. F. Wittich. One book bindery, by B. W. Morris. One brewery, by Krimmel & Hoover. Two cigar factories, by Henry Voneif, and Fen. E. Dyas. There may be others worthy of mention, but these are all we are able to find. DEFUNCT MANUFACTORIES. On the left bank of the canal, a little below the gas works, stands a large three-story brick building, with a number of wooden buildings connected with it. This building contains the machinery for carrying on an extensive business in the manufacture, by steam power, of woolen goods ; but it has lain idle for the past four or five years. It was built by George Crook as a commission and storage warehouse, about the year 1831. After Mr. Crook's 'death, it was owned and carried on by J. W. Finley & Co., for some years. In 1844 it was purchased by P. B. & J. G. Dodridge, and turned into a woolen factory. Their successors were Thomas Drakely, W. W. Bierce & Co., and Miller & Hassenpflug. It has been a very extensive business, but, as may be judged by its frequent change of proprietors, has never been what could be called a pecuniary success. Since the failure of Miller & Hassenpflug, four or five years ago, it has lain idle, as .above stated. Opinion differs as to the probability of its ever being resuscitated. About the year 1845, Darst & Yerington started a foundry near the site of the present gas works. This was kept up for five or six years, and was the lineal predecessor of the Scioto machine works, already described. A match factory was established, near 1853, by J. Wyman and T. Bussert—Wyman (who was a lawyer) furnishing the money, and Bussert manufacturing the matches. The busines was carried on, only about a year, in a house which stood near the present city building. After supplying this place with matches, they employed Mr. C. C. Niebling to peddle out the remainder of their , stock (consisting of a wagon load or more) through the neighboring towns and villages. Frank Head put up a saw-mill and carding machine on Hargus creek, near the old cemetery, about the year 1, 1825 or '26, which did considerable business for some ; ten years, when it was given up. There was also, at one time, a carding machine near. the canal, a little above Groce's packing house. About the year 1820, Thomas Bell established here a factory (in a small way) for the making of cut nails, employing a Mr. On to do the work. It lasted only four or five years. Wilkes Allen, about the year 1840, commenced the manufacture of fanning mills, in a building near the Emmett warehouse, on the canal. It continued in operation some fourteen years. As early as 1818 or '20, Valentine Keifer began the manufacture of linseed oil, in a small way. It continued but a few years. About the same time, a Mr. Reed built a woolen mill on Hargus creek, in the north part of town. The establishment changed hands twice, and was given up some time between 1840 and 1850. A soap and candle factory was established by G. A. Hartmeyer, about 184o, candles being made until petroleum drove them out of the market. A good article of laundry soap was made, and the business continued till near Mr. Hartmeyer's death, which occurred in 1874. Although the business was very limited, Mr. Hartmeyer doing nearly all the work with his own hands, yet it made a good living for himself and family, and left them a comfortable home. A Mr. Josinski established here a distillery, about 1820, which continued in operation only a few years. The buildings were still standing, when the canal aqueduct was built, about 1832, and were used as a boarding house for the hands employed in the construction of that important work. The business of distilling is spoken of as having been singularly disastrous to all the parties that MATTHEW McCREA. ADAM McCREA Matthew McCrea, one of the old time residents of Circleville, and one of the most active of its early business men, was born in the year 1792, in the county of Down, Ireland. He was of Scotch ancestry, and the son of Adam and Martha McCrea, who were also the parents of nine other children, six sons and three daughters. Matthew came to America with his brother Joseph, stopping first at Hagerstown, Maryland, where he remained two years. In 1817 he removed to the village of Jefferson, Pickaway county, Ohio, where his brother had previously gone, and was at that time clerking for Henry Neville. Thomas Bell, of Circleville, hearing of Matthew's arrival, sent for him and gave him a place in his store, in which he was doing a large and prosperous business in general merchandise. It was in Circleville that he met his future wife, Agnes, daughter of Hugh and Ruth Foresman. She was of Scotch origin, and her mother was of the Slocum family, famous in connection with the Wyoming massacre and wholesale abduction. She was born June 6, 1797, and married Matthew McCrea September i6, 1819, four years after his arrival in this country, and two years after his coming to Circleville. Matthew McCrea established himself in business upon his own account in the fall of 1820, at the village of Jefferson. He traveled all of the, way to Philadelphia on horseback to buy goods, which were loaded on the heavy, old-fashioned wagons, on Market street, and transported in that manner to their place of destination. Not being satisfied with his location in Jefferson, Mr. McCrea purchased property in, and removed ,his building to, Circleville, in 1825, locating himself on the east side of the old circle, where he continued to prbsecute a very successful business until 5828. Being the owner of a considerable quantity of land, he then sold out his goods and devoted himself to farming for the remainder of his life, excepting a period of one year, in 5834 and 5835, when he was in partnership with S. S. Denny, in the dry goods business. Mr. McCrea was probably the first successful adventurer in transporting pork, lard and flour from Circleville, by the Scioto, Ohio, and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans. His first trip, in 1819, was made for his brother-in-law, Thomas Bell. He continued this profitable, although somewhat risky enterprise, until his retirement from the mercantile business, making annual trips, and carrying pork, lard, flour, and other provisions to the great southern mart. It was his custom after disposing of his stock in New Orleans, to sail for Philadelphia, where he purchased goods, before returning home, to sell during the ensuing year in his Circleville store. Mr. McCrea was a man of broad and generous nature, and of much dignity and perfect probity of character. His hospitality seemed to have no bound. His house was always open, and his friends, or for that matter, strangers, always welcome. Ministers, and especially those of his own denomination, were guests whom he took an especial pleasure in providing for ; and if the number of those who accepted his kindness, and the frequency of their visits afford any means by which to judge, we may be sure that they fully appreciated his entertainment. He was a man in whom the people generally reposed the highest degree of confidence, and when he died, one attestation of this fact was shown in his having a considerable sum of money which he had been given to hold in trust. As one of the founders of the first Circleville academy, he exhibited his interest in education, and save the cause the practical assistance of his influence and pecuniary support. He was for many years one of the trustees of this institution, and throughout its existence took great interest in its welfare and usefulness as he did of other institutions in their time. Always, upon the side of good morals and improvement, he became at an early day a strong and consistent advocate of temperance. He was one of the very first to take the unpopular step of dispensing with liquor in the harvest field. A man of strong and fine religious feeling, a quality, perhaps, in his Scotch blood-he was an active member of the Presbyterian church, and for twenty years or more a ruling elder. Politically, Mr. McCrea was a strong Whig of the Henry Clay school. He was, in 5845, elected by the legislature as associate judge of Pickaway county-a position which he held until his death. His life closed September 4, 1874. His widow is still living. The children of Matthew and Agnes McCrea were eight in number. Three died in infancy. The others were Adam, born August 19, 1821; Joseph, born December 54, 1827; Eveline Amanda, born March 24, 1829; William, born March 22, 1831; and George, born December 9, 5834. Of these, Joseph and Eveline Amanda, are deceased ; William is living in Illinois, George. in St. Louis, and Adam in Circleville. ADAM McCREA. Adam McCrea, eldest son of Matthew and Agnes McCrea, passed his boyhood at the home of his parents, and in the year 1837, when sixteen years of age, entered the preparatory department of Miami university, and graduated in the summer of 1842. During the latter part of his allege course he rgad law, and when he returned to his home, entered an office for the purpose of studying for the profession ; but in the spring of 1843 he abandoned the study of law to gratify the wish of his father, and entered actively in the business of farming, in which he continued until after the death of his father, in the fall of 1847. In January, 5848, he purchased an interest in a dry goods store with N. J. Turney. This partnership existed for two years, when Mr. C. F. Machir bought out Turney's interest. The firm was then McCrea & Machir, and continued for but one year. Upon Mr. Machir's retiracy from the firm, Mr. McCrea associated with himself his brother Joseph, who remained in partnership with him for six years. After that he took his brother George into partnership, and they continued to conduct the business until 1871. Shortly after that Adam McCrea removed to the city of New York, where he remained for over two years. In the winter of 1873-4, he returned to Ohio, and on the first of April, 1874, became proprietor of the Pickaway House, which position he continues to occupy up to the present time. Mr. McCrea was, politically, a Whig, up to the time the Republican party was organized, when he became one of its adherents. He is one of the old members of the Central Presbyterian church, and has been for many years one of its ruling elders. He was first elected to serve in this capacity after the death of his father, and to fill the place made vacant by his decease. He remained in this office until his removal to New York, and since his return to Circleville has been re-elected, and is at present holding that position. For twenty years prior to his removal to the east he was superintendent of the Presbyterian church Sunday-school, and president of the Pickaway county Bible society. He has been an untiring and valuable worker in these fields of labor, and in consideration of his services was constituted a life director of the American Bible society, and of the Presbyterian board of foreign missions. Mr. McCrea was one of the earlier members of the board of education of Circleville, and president of the board for seven years; and while holding that office the first class in the high school was graduated. Mr. McCrea was married January 18, 5846, to Isabella, daughter of Mr. Daniel and Janet Sterling Turney. They have had four children, three of whom died in infancy or early childhood. The first, Janet Denny, was born June 14, 1847, and died October 5th, of the same year. Matthew was born August 9, 5849, and died April 6, 1850. Nelson Turney, born November 12, 1850, and is at present associated with his father in business. Fannie Delano, born July 12, 1855; died August 7, 1860. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 205 have even engaged in the same in the county of Pickaway. Four tanneries had been in existence in Circleville, before the one carried on, as already stated, by A. Cradlebaugh, in the rear of his hotel; one of the four having been owned by the same Mr. Cradlebaugh, the others by James Bell, James Long and Robert Hayes. The manufacture of cabinet-ware, chairs, shoes and hats, was carried on here by a good many different parties, from thirty to fifty years ago. In the Circleville Herald and Olive Branch, for September 4, 183o, we find the advertisement of G. W. and F. Myers, cabinet-makers; of George Wildbahn, cabinet and chair maker, and of Joseph Landes, hat manufacturer. The latter calls for " one or two good boys, sixteen or seventeen years of age, as apprentices to the hatting business." Robert Hall, where G. H. Fickardt's drug store now is, had a shoe shop in which some twenty hands were employed. Mr. Fickardt remembers to have seen as many as sixty journeymen shoemakers going about the city in a body, " on a strike." This is probably four or five times as many as are now employed in all the six shops at present carried on in the city. Hargus creek was once an important factor in the manufacturing interests of Circleville, the machinery of the saw-mills, carding and woolen-mills, mentioned in this article, having been propelled by the power of that stream. Now, however, it has shrunk to such a diminutive size, that it could no longer aspire to the dignity of a millstream, even if its power were never so much needed. Creeks, therefore, as well as men, may join in the complaint of the ancient poet: " Tempora nzutantur, et nos mutamur in illis." MASONRY.* The Masonic order of this city ranks as one of the original institutions of the county, its organization being two years prior to the incorporation of the then town of Circleville, and its records, aside from those of the county, are probably the oldest now extant, that were made in Pickaway county, and, valuable as they would be for reference, the minutes of the lodge for the arst few years have been misplaced, and cannot now be found. From the proceedings of the grand lodge of the State, in session at Chillicothe, General Lewis Cass presiding, we learn that on Monday, January 4, 1813, "a petition from a number of master Masons residing in the county of Pick-away, praying to be erected into a lodge in the town of Circleville, in said county, to be called Pickaway Lodge, No. —, was handed in and read, whereupon it was referred to brothers Merwin, McArthur and Dillon to make a report, and on Tuesday, January 5, this committee reported as follows : " The committee to whom was referred the petition of sundry brethren of Circleville and vicinity, have taken into consideration the same, and are of opinion that the prayer of the petitioners ought to be granted. They would recommend thk a dispensation be issued accordingly. (Signed) E. B. MERWIN, Chairman." On motion, The report was agreed to. Accordingly, a dispensation was issued, and a lodge was organized soon thereafter, to be known as Pickaway Lodge, No. —, with * By S. B. Evans. the following officers, to-wit : Ralph Osborn, W. M.; Peter Parcell, S. 'W.; James Renick, J. W.; Jonathan Renick, treasurer; Richard Douglas, secretary; James Russel, S. D.; Ira W. Pier, J. D.; Able Renick, tyler. In addition to the above the following master Masons were returned at the annual meeting of the grand lodge, in Chillicothe, January 3, 1814, viz.: Wm. Renick, Wm. Seymour, James Denny, Geo. Brown; and the following fellowcrafts: Wm. Florence, Johnson Hunter, James Bell and James R. Hulse. The lodge began its labors February 6, 1813, James Bell being the first member initiated. At the annual communication of the grand lodge of Ohio, held at Masons' hall, in the town of Chillicothe, M. W. Henry Brush presiding, January 2, 1815, Ralph Osborn, of Pickaway lodge, delivered to the grand secretary the dispensation of said lodge, and moved that the grand lodge do grant said lodge a charter in lieu thereof; which upon being seconded, passed without division. On the following day, January 3, 1815, a charter was issued to be known as Pickaway Lodge, No. 23, with the following brethren as charter members, viz.: Ralph Osborn, Peter Parcels, James Renick, James Denny, Jonathan Renick, James Russel, James Bell and James Keller. The charter is signed by M. W. Henry Brush, G. M.;. Jacob Burnett, D. G. M., pro tem.; Edward W. Tupper, S. G.W.; Levin Belt, J. G.W.; David Kinkead, G. T.; and Robert Kerchival, G. S. In consequence of the loss of the journal for the four years succeeding its organization, but little is known of the many inconveniences, trials and tribulations an organization of this character was subjected to during these infantile years of both the society and the State. Before the order became the owner of a lodge room, they met in the dwelling standing on the southwest corner of Scioto and High North streets (now occupied by George W. Sapp), afterwards occupying a room in the court house that stood in the center of the old circle. At a regular communication July 7, brother Henry Sage presiding, the following resolution was adopted, to-wit: Resolved, That it is expedient to appropriate the funds of the lodge to the building of a lodge room, in connection with a school-house, if sufficient funds can be raised to complete a building for that purpose." Whereupon a committee of five, consisting of brothers Huston, Doane, Kinnear, Bell and Leiby, were appointed to solicit subscriptions and report at a special meeting. Subsequent reports fail to show what success this committee met with, further than at the special meeting referred to, the lodge ordered the appointment of a building committee consisting of brothers Huston, Bell, -Webb, Kinnear and Wolfley. This committee was authorized to contract for furnishing the upper part of the building for lodge purposes, which cost the lodge sixty-five dollars and twenty-three and three-fourth cents, and the building (the upper story) cost the lodge the modest sum of four hundred and forty dollars and seventy-three and a half cents, making a total outlay to the lodge of five hundred and five dollars and ninety-seven and one-fourth cents. The lodge moved into this hall in 1825, and June 24th, of the same year, it was dedicated by the grand lodge of the State. 206 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The lodge continued to meet here until 1845, and on Tuesday evening, March 4th, of that year, a communication was received from Edson B. Olds, offering to sell to the lodge the third story of the building over the stores of Lyman N. Olds, William Tripplet and Sage & Dunkin, for the sum of one thousand, five hundred dollars. At the regular communication, March i9th, a committee, consisting of Joseph G. Doddridge, J. A. Roof and H. N. Hedges, jr., appointed February 24th, in reference to the purchase, were ordered to contract with Mr. Olds at the price named, which was accomplished March 24, 1845, and June 18th a contract for finishing the new hall was let to Messrs. Gephart and Hartz for the sum of one hundred and twelve dollars, with Thrall, Sage and G. C. Gephart as building committee. Friday, August 22, 1845, the new hall was dedicated by the grand lodge of the State, M. W. William B. Thrall, G. M., presiding, after which an oration was delivered by brother William B. Hubbard (G. H. P. of Grand Chapter), at the English Lutheran church, on Franklin street. This lodge room was used, uninterruptedly, for thirty-two years for masonic purposes. On the first day of April, 1874, the lodge bought of Mr. and Mrs. John Henry, for the sum of six thousand dollars, the premises upon which now stands the beautiful temple erected in 1875-6. February 23, 1874, a joint stock company was incorporated under the name of "The Masonic Temple Association of Circleville, Ohio," by Samuel W. Courtright, Samuel B. Evans, William E. Bolin, Charles F. Krimmel, William F. Hurst, and John H. Bortz. The capital stock was twenty thousand dollars, divided into shares of ten dollars each, the lodge subscribing six thousand dollars, and, in consideration thereof, transferred to the association the lot upon which the temple stands. The remainder of the stock was mostly subscribed by members of the lodge. The corner-stone was laid by Pick-away lodge, on Thursday, July 29, 1875, by brother S. W. Courtright, grand master by proxy, and on Tuesday evening, July 3, 1877, the lodge, headed by Wittich's cornet band, marched from the old to the new hall, and after prayer by Rev. brother James T. Franklin, the members, and a large concourse of ladies and gentlemen, were addressed by brothers C. F. Krimmel, I. N. Abernathy, and S. W. Courtright. The building was erected by Vorys Brothers, of Lancaster, Ohio, at a cost of twenty-two thousand dollars, under the supervision of brothers N. J. Turney, S. A. Moore, and W. E. Bolin as building committee, with J. T. Harris, of Columbus, Ohio, architect. The structure is forty-six feet wide by one hundred and ten feet long, and three stories high. The first story, since the completion, has been occupied by Amos Beach, on the north side, with ,a grocery store, and Darius Pierce, on the south side, with dry goods. The second story is used for offices, and the third story for masonic purposes exclusively. The lodge room proper is forty-three feet wide, sixty feet long, and the ceiling twenty-four feet in the clear. After the brethren had their hall and adjoining rooms magnificently carpeted and furnished, at the stated communication of the lodge, February 5, 1879, it was unanimously decided publicly to dedicate it to masonic purposes, and, on motion, a committee of arrangements was appointed, consisting of brothers N. J. Turney, John Boyer, J. N. Abernathy, S. Ward, and A. R. Bolin. Brother S. B. Evans was subsequently added to the committee. The committee and other members of the order worked unremittingly for the affair, and had the satisfaction of seeing their efforts crowned with abundant success. Citizens seemed to vie with the members of the order in trying to make the city appear in its most lovely holiday attire. Arches and banners spanned the streets in every direction. The day was clear, bright and warm. At half past ten o'clock, forenoon, Pickaway lodge was opened in due form in the temple, and, at eleven o'clock, the grand lodge of the State having first assembled in Odd Fellows' hall, M. W. Grand Master William M. Cunningham presiding, entered, accompanied by P. G. M. brother Robert Morris, of Kentucky, took possession of and proceeded to dedicate the new hall in due and ancient form; after which a procession was formed and marched to the fair grounds, where a sumptuous dinner was served; succeeding which, an oration was delivered by brother Robert Morris, of Kentucky. The above are a few of the many points of interest connected with the rise and progress of the order in this city; and it is but justice to the memory of such veteran members as brothers Daniel Turney, Guy W. Doane, William B. Thrall, S. S. Denny, E. Webb, N. Franklin, Matthias Robbins, Andrew Huston, Henry Sage, George C. Gephart, William Leiby, D. Kinnear, P. K. Hull, and a host of others, that their names should be inscribed on the roll of honor; for rarely did a meeting occur that they were not in attendance for many years subsequent to the organization. It is also worthy of record that, during all the long and bitter persecution of the order, from 1826 to 1835, the members of old Pickaway never failed to "meet upon the level and part upon the square." Brother William B. Thrall was honored with the office-of M. W. Grand Master of the State four successive years-1843, 1844, 1845, and 1846. There are enrolled upon the roster of Pickaway lodge, at the present time, one hundred and forty-nine master Masons in good standing, four fellow-crafts, and three entered apprentices. The following are the present officers: Samuel B. Evans, W. M.; A. R. Bolin, S. W.; William A. Griner, J. W.; B. H. Moore, treasurer; H. R. Clarke, secretary; J. D. Newton, S. D.; J. D. Yeager, J. D.; Germain Joseph and Thomas R. Bill, stewards; Peter Barnedt, tyler. Stated communications first and third Wednesday evenings of each month. CIRCLEVILLE CHAPTER NO. 20, R. A. M. February 23, 1830, a number of R. A. Masons met at the office of James D. Caldwell and organized by selecting James D. Caldwell chairman, and William B. Thrall secretary. Resolutions were adopted expressive of the feeling of members regarding the organization of a chap- HISTORY OF FRANKIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTY, OHIO - 207 ter of R. A. Masons in Circleville, which resulted in the appointment of the following committee (to superintend the preparation of the hall for the conferring of chapter degrees): H. Sage, J. D. Caldwell, and W. B. Thrall. The following companions were appointed to be the first officers: H. Sage, H. P.; W. B. Thrall, K.; Andrew Huston, S.; Otho M. Herron, C. H.; J. D. Caldwell, P. S.; Matthias Robbins, R. A.; Captain James R. Hulse, M. F. V.; Andrew Shaughnissey, M. S. V. ; and Nelson Franklin, M. 'I'. V. The first meeting under the dispensation was held May 17, 183o, for the purpose of adopting by-laws. At the same time the following petitions were received and referred, to wit: brothers James W. Finley, John Cochran, and Seymour G. Renick. No degrees were conferred until the seventh of June, 1830, when all the degrees of the chapter were conferred on James W. Finley, John Cochran, and George A. Patterson. January 5th, A. L. 5831, a charter was granted to the above-named companions, to be known as Circleville Chapter No. 20, R. A. M., signed by John Scatterthwake, G. H. P. P. ; William Gwynn, D. G. H. P. P.; Timothy Baker, G. K. P. ; Henry Sage, G. S. P.; John L. Starling, G. S. In 1834 companion H. Sage was called upon to preside over the deliberations of the grand chapter of the State. He was succeeded by companion William B. Thrall, who was again honored by his companions with the office of M. E. G. H. P. in 1839. Circleville chapter has steadily grown in numbers, until now there are ninety companions enrolled. This body has also invested its surplus .capital in masonic-temple stock. The meetings have always been held in the same hall with the lodge. The present officers are: S. B. Evans, H. P.; W. C. Finkel, K.; John Boyen, S.; B. H. Moore, T.; T. K. Wittich, S. ; Palmer Lowe, C. H. ; A. R. Bolin, P. S.; Ger. Joseph, R. A. C. ; I. N. Abernathy, G. M. T. V.; A. Smith, G. M. S. V.; W. H. Moyst, G. M. F. V.; P. Barnedt, G. Regular meetings first Monday evening of each month. TYRIAN COUNCIL NO. 7, R. AND S. M. Wm. J. Reese, puissant grand master of the grand council of Ohio, on the seventeenth day of May, 1838, issued his dispensation to Wm. B. Thrall, T. I. G. M.; John H. Tennant, D. I. G. M.; George C. Gephart, P. C. of W., and Henry Sage, Wm. Y. Emmett, D. Kinnear, M. Robbins, S. Diffendaffer, and J. M. Milligan, royal and select master Masons. They were recommended by Lancaster Council No. 4, to organize a council of R. and S. M. in this city, as to be known as Tyrian Council No. —. The first meeting under authority of dispensation, was held in the lodge hall, Academy building, May 17, 1838. Petitions for degrees were received from R. A. masons, as follows : P. K. Hull, J. Case, G. Bruner, G. Botkin, E. Kirkbride, H. S. Chenoweth, J. \ . Julian, D. Bruner, J. C. Hunter, and G. Tey. A charter was granted Tyrian Council No. 7, by the grand council, convened at Lancaster, June 22, 1838. The last record of Tyrian Council No. 7, was made April 6, 1846. The funds were transferred to Pickaway lodge, F. and A. M., for use of hall. Tyrian council was reorganized March 20, 1872, by a special dispensation from Jos. B. Conrad, puissant grand master of Ohio, to companions E. Z. Hays, as T. I. G. M.; S. A. Moore, D. I. G. M.; A. Smith, P. C. of W.; also J. T. Duncan, H. N. Hedges, jr., Jacob Rutter, Jason Case, W. B. Thrall, and Nelson J. Turney, all royal and select masters. The council was constituted March 22, 1872, by companion Oristes A. B. Senter, by proxy from P. G. M. Jos. B. Conrad. A charter was issued by grand council, in session at Columbus, on the twelfth day of October, A. D., 1872, to Tyrian council No. 60, R. and S. M., signed by Jos. B. Conrad, P. G. M., and it was duly constituted by companion O. A. B. Senter, by proxy of Grand Master Jos. B. Conrad, January 21, 1873. The first petitions were presented by companions J. D. Courtright, S. B. Evans, S. W. Courtright, George R. Miller, T. K. Wittich, B. H. Moore, John Courtright, and P. Lowe. Companion S. W. Courtright was elected thrice illustrious grand master of the grand council of the State for three years in succession, 1875-76, and '77. The present enrollment numbers fifty. The present officers are : S. B. Evans, Q. I. M.; P. Lowe, D. I. M.; A. Smith, P. C. of W.; Germain Joseph, treasurer ; W. C. Finkel, recorder ; W. H. Moyst, C. of G.; J. N. Abernathy, C. of C.; Acker King, steward; James O'Neal, sentinel. Regular meetings second Thul-sday in each month. ODD FELLOWS. Columbia Lodge, No. 32, I. O. O. F., of Circleville, Ohio, was instituted on Monday evening, August 12, 1844, in the lodge room of the Masonic fraternity, in the second story of the old academy, by Joseph Pheris, acting as most worthy grand master of the State of Ohio, assisted by a number of the brethren of Charity Lodge, No. 27, and Chillicothe Lodge, No. 24, in accordance with the established usages- of the order, and a warrant delivered to Peter S. Hoffman, Asa Spurgeon, George Umbaugh, Henry A. McCulloch and William Medcraft as charter members. An election was held, and the following officers were elected and installed: Peter S. Hoffman, N. G.; Henry A. McCullough, V. G.; William Medcraft, secretary ; Samuel Marfield, treasurer. On the same night the petitions of the following persons were received and favorably acted upon, and the petitioners, being in waiting, were regularly initiated into the order, to wit. : Justus B. Bell, George Wilmore, John Brotherlin, Joseph L. Redd, Farus Crouse, W. N. Skinner, James H. Ladd, David Leonard and Samuel Marfield. The only surviving charter member is Peter S. Hoffman, who now resides in Indiana; and of those who joined the first night, the only survivors are J. B. Bell, George Wilmore and Samuel Marfield, the last-named being the only one of these who still retains membership in the lodge. The first quarterly election was held September 20, 1844, when the following brothers were elected and installed: H. A. McCullugh, N. G.; William Medcraft, 208 - HISTORY OF' FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. V. G.; J. B. Bell; secretary; Samuel Marfield, treasurer; J. Redd, warden; George Wilmore, conductor; John Brotherlin ; O. G.; H. S. Chenoweth, I. G.; S. H. Olds, R. S. S.; L. N. Olds, L. S. S.; F. Crouse,. R. S. to N. G.; George H. Fickardt, L. S. to N. G.; Jas. H. Ladd, R. S. to V. G., and David Leonard, L. S. to V. G. In October, 1844, the lodge, having rented and furnished two rooms in the third story of Dr. Olds' block, commenced to hold meetings there, and continued to do so until the fall of 1862, when they purchased the block on the corner of Court and Main streets, now known as "Odd Fellows' block," and moved into it. The purchase was stoutly opposed by -a number of the members, but that it was a judicious investment is shown by the fact that the revenue of the block has paid over half of the purchase money, the taxes, insurance, and the cost of all the improvements, besides adding to the lodge fund. The property is now valued at twenty thousand dollars, being one of the finest locations for business in the city. At the present writing, the lodge has a larger widow and orphan fund than any other lodge in the State. The first death that occurred among the members of the lodge was that of John B. George, who died December 28, 1845, and was buried with the honors of the order, December 3oth. Although not as large, numerically, as a great many others, the lodge is built upon a good foundation, financially, and has become one of the permanent institutions of Circleville. The lodge building is an ornament to the city, and, with few exceptions, will compare favorably with any in the State. Its prosperity is, in a great measure, due to the prudent and careful management and business oversight of its property trustee, brother William Doane. Its present officers are as follows : Hiram B. Denny, N. G.; Jacob D. Hedges, V. G.; Orin F. Thompson, R. S.; Alfred Pedrick, F. S.; William Bauder, treasurer. Number of contributing members, one hundred and fifty-eight. Number connected with Odd Fellows' benevolent association at Columbus and Zanesville, eighty-nine. ENCAMPMENT. Pickaway Encampment, No. 11, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted in the hall of Columbia lodge, on the evening of April -21, 1846, by Isaac Hefley, grand chief patriarch of the grand encampment of Ohio. The following were the petitioners for a charter: Edson B. Olds, Thomas Brown, L. H. Olds, John Brotherlin, L. N. Olds, A. P. Howe, James M. Pratt and Wilson Baker. After the encampment was regularly instituted, an election of officers was held, which resulted as follows: Edson B. Olds, C. P.; L. N. Olds, H. P.; A. P. Howe, S. W.; John Brotherlin, J. W.; Wilson Baker, scribe; James M. Pratt, treasurer. The result having been declared, these officers elect were duly installed into their respective Offices. Applications for membership being received from Michael Strayer, John Maiden, Justin B. Bell and C. M. Foresman, the applicants were elected and initiated the same evening. The following are the present officers ; Jacob D. Hedges, C. P.; George Krim, H. P.; John Wholoner, S. W.; Emanuel Rife, J. W.; William R. Lilly, scribe; D. B Wagner, treasurer. Number of contributing members one hundred and forty-seven. LOGAN GRANGE. The third organization of the sort in Pickaway county and the only one ever established in Circleville, was organized June 20, 1878, by Deputy Newton Rector, o Deer Creek township. The officers appointed were as follows: Bentley Groce, master; M. V. B. Lindsey, overseer; L. E. Scoville, lecturer; Amos. Dunkle, steward John Greene, assistant steward; John L. Lindsey, chap lain; J. T. Nending, treasurer; W. S. McCollister, secretary; Adam Wegerly, gate-keeper; Mrs. Bentley Groce, pomona; Mrs. W. S. McCollister, flora; Mrs. Isaac W. Stage, stewardess. The organization has become essentially defunct. The last master was elected in 1877. The last secretary was Ira May, elected in the same year. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. The Knights of Pythias lodge was instituted in the city of Circleville January 19, 1874. It is known as Philos Lodge, No. 64. The charter members were Wm. Doane, M. K. Marshall, S. A. Collins, J. W. Irwin, J. P. Todd, C. F. Krimmel, W. H. Nichols, Jos. S. Collins, M. B. Radcliff, S. A. Swineheart, S. B. Evans, T. J. Stevens, B. H. Moore, W. F. Tolbert, E. B. Bauder, C. B. Tyler, Geo. Krinn, E. E. Winship, J. C. Redman, J. Z. Krimmel, A. Smith, A. T. Anderson, Z. A. Meeker, A. H. Rouland, Wm. Simpson, T. K. Wittich and Noah Weaver. The first officers of the Lodge were : Wm. Doane, P. C.; M. K. Marshall, C. C.; E. B. Bauder, V. C.; J. W. Irwin, P.; E. E. Winship, M. of E.; J. Z. Krimmel, M. of F.; Jos. S. Collins, K. of R. and S.; C. F. Krimmel, M. of A.; C. B. Tyler, J. G.; Wm. Simpson, O. G. Since the lodge was instituted they have lost by death brother knights : S. A. Swineheart and K. C. Peeples. The Lodge has a fine, though not large, membership, and is in a good financial condition. The present number of members in good standing is forty-six. The present officers, July 7, 1879, are as follows : C. B. Tyler, P. C.; S. B. Evans, C. C.; J. F. Zerch, V. C.; E. E. Bock, P.; M. Hammel, M. of E.; W. F. Tolbert, M. of F.; T. J. Stephens, M. of A.; M. K. Marshall, J. G.; Wm. Simpson, O. G. lodge representative : M. K. Marshall. Trustees : Wm. Doane, M. H. Moore, T. J. Stephens. THE COLORED MASONS. St. James Lodge No. 8, F. and A. M., was organized on the 23rd of May, 1866, by R. W. David Jenkins, D. G. M., with nine charter members, viz : George Blok, W. M.; John Dickerson, S. W.; Henry Stonup, J. W,; John Thornton, treasurer ; R. H. Irving, secretary ; George Racket, S. D.; Lorrence Gornes, J. D.; Henry Nickens, tiler ; and R. L. M. Hogan, acting as a chaplain. The degrees conferred at the organization were at an occasional lodge opened in the office of Dr. Brooks, on Main street, now occupied by the Union-Herald printing office. On the loth of June, 1867, this lodge re- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 209 ceived its warrant at the annual meeting of the grand lodge, held at Xenia, 0., J. W. Goff, G. M.; and J. R. Blackburn, G. S. John Dickerson was its first master under the warrant, and he has held that position every term since, save two. After the organization the lodge occupied a part of the Niles warehouse, where they fitted up a nice hall and leased it for five years, from the then owner, Captain Wm. Triplet. He became financially embarrassed, and the brethren had to seek another place of meeting, which they did by securing the south rooms of the third story of Olds' block, on the corner of Court and Main streets, which place they have occupied since, save the years 1875 and 1876. The lodge now consists of nineteen members with I. N. Lucas, W. M.; Wm. Stonup, S. W.; A. Haithcock, J. W.; F. V. Lewis, treasurer ; Wm. Mitchell, secretary ; Geo. Henderson, S. D.; E. Mitchell, J. D.; L. Gaines, S. S.; L. Woody, J. S.; and H. Harvey, tyler. KNIGHTS OF HONOR. Scioto Lodge No. 370, Knights of Honor, was instituted on the evening of February 12, 1879, in Circleville, Ohio, by brother G. D. J. King, of Westerville, Ohio, acting grand district deputy dictator. The first dictator of said lodge was ReV. C. M. Bethauser. The present officers are : H. E. Grand Girard, dictator ; Milt Morris, vice-dictator ; A. J. Grigsby, assistant dictator ; S. L. Grigsby, reporter ; George W. Bauder, financial reporter ; James Harsha, treasurer ; C. B. Tyler, guide ; S. M. Lewis, guardian ; William Simpson, sentinel ; John C. King, medical examiner ; Hon. Samuel W. Court-right, representative to grand lodge ; S. L. Grigsby, Geo. W. Downs, 'William A. Chaney, trustees. There were twenty-four charter members. It now has a membership of thirty-one. Meetings on the first and third Tuesday evenings in every month, held in Odd Fellows' hall. RED MEN. CONGO TRIBE, NO. 51. Know ye, that the great council of Ohio, Improved Order of Red Men, do hereby grant this charter to the following : Julius Vanhide, William Veith, Jacob Hoffman, Isaac Levy, Fred Warner, Jacob Snider, Julius Weil, Alfred Vanhide, D. O. Stine, all residing in the city of Circleville, and in the State of Ohio, establishing a tribe of the order in said city, to be held and known by the title of Congo Tribe, No. 51. In witness whereof, we, the great chiefs of the great council, have hereunto subscribed our names and affixed the seal of the great council, this 13th sun, traveling moon*, G. S. D. 378. (Signed) ROBERT SNODGAR, G. S. G. W. COLLINS, G. S. S. HENRY BOHL, G. J. S. E. W. PENCE, G. P. C. S. BETs, G. C. R. GEORGE A. PETER, G. K. W. The present officers of Congo tribe are as follows: Ludwig Magg, sachem; Isaac Levy, S. S.; Christopher Roof, J. S.; D. 0. Stine, prophet; Franz Moeler, C. of R.; Jacob Krimmel, K. of W. Two members of the tribe have died since it was instituted: Jesse Ward and Archer Granel. INDIANOLA TRIBE, NO. 66. To whom it may concern: Know ye, that the great council of Ohio, Improved Order of Red Men, do hereby grant this charter to the follow- *`" Traveling moon," October. Tribe instituted ten years ago next October. ing : William Doane, I. P. Todd, B. F. Thomas, S. W. Courtright, NI. B. Radcliff, C. B. Tylor, I. C. Drum, all residing in the city of Circleville, and in the said State of Ohio, established a tribe of the order in said city, the 17th sun, plant moon, G. S. D. 381, at Dayton, Ohio. In witness whereof, we, the great chiefs of the great council, have hereunto subscribed our names and affixed the seal of the great council, this 17th sun, plant moon. (Signed) JAMES T. WIATT, G. S. FRANK W. ANDERTON, G. S. S. W. BOLSTON, G. J. S. W. E. R. KEMP, G. P. CHARLES S. RITTS, G. C. R. GEORGE A. PETER, G. K. W. This tribe now numbers forty-four members in good standing. The past sachems of the tribe are as follows: S. W. Courtright, William Doane, I. P. Todd, S. A. Swinehart, E. E. Winship, Levi Hammel, William Veith, R. C. Peoples, Charles Roth, M. K. Marshall, James Brown and Jarvis Conor. The present officers are: George Macready, sachem ; G. L. Shipley, S. S.; William Birch, J. S.; James Brown, prophet. Following are the names of members who have died since the tribe was instituted: B. F. Thomas (S. S.), G. W. Throne, S. A. Swinehart (P. S.), Henry Douthty, R. C. Peoples (P. S.). This organization is in good standing, and good working order. PUBLIC LIBRARY. The nucleus of this library was formed by the Young Men's Christian association, a society which, having existed for some years, was disbanded in 1873. On the sixth of March, in that year, they donated their books, amounting to several hundred volumes, to the city council. It was not, however, until the following year that a regular organization was effected under the Ohio State law of 1868. The first board of managers, appointed in that year, was as follows: W. Marshall Anderson, president; W. B. Marfield, secretary and treasurer; Mayor George R. Miller, D. B. Barks, W. E. Bolin, C. C. Neil), ling, and E. D. Bowers. A room in Odd Fellows' building was leased by the council for the use of the library, and Mrs. Mary Carper was appointed librarian—an office which she has ever since held. A large addition has recently been made to the number of books, which now amount to about three thousand, besides the leading magazines. The interest manifested in this important means of public instruction and enjoyment, is in a high degree creditable to the city. The names of the present board of managers are the following: C. A. Helwagen, president; William Drum, secretary and treasurer; Mayor I. P. Todd, W. Marshall Anderson, W. B. Marfield, Charles E. Groce and M. Hoover. THE CITY BUILDING. This is a fine brick structure, with a slate roof, situated on the corner of Court and Franklin streets, opposite the court house. It was commenced in the spring of 1860, and finished in June of the following year. It is three-stories high, thirty-eight feet in width, fronting on Court street, by seventy-five in length, on Franklin. William Doane was the designer of the plan and the superinten- 27 210 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. dent of construction ; and both the design and the execution are creditable to his artistic and mechanical skill. The front part of the lower story is occupied as an engine room of the fire department. The mayor's office is in the west end, fronting on Franklin street. The second story is occupied by the council room, solicitor and clerk's office, and room for city engineer. On the third floor are three neatly furnished rooms to accommodate the members of the several fire companies ; and in the basement, under the mayor's office, is the city prison. The whole, though far enough from being pretentious, is very creditable to the city, and was evidently built to last. The cost was fifteen thousand dollars, including the furniture of the mayor's office, council room, and city prison. But the building shows for considerably more than this money, as it was very economically built, the work being let in parts to several mechanics, by a committee of the city council. THE FLORAL NURSERY AND GREENHOUSE. The love of flowers is an indication of a refined nature ; and the community that fosters their cultivation by giving a generous support to those who have made it a study and a business, is one in which cultivated people would choose to live. The Circleville 'greenhouse was established in 1868 by John Stein, an educated florist and gardener, from Strasburg, in Germany. The floral garden consists of about two acres, in which are cultivated a large. variety of flowering' plants, and the large greenhouse is well filled with rare exotics. Mr. Stein carried on the business very successfully for about eight years, and succeeded in accumulating from it a very handsome little property. But in the fall of 1875, from too close an application to business, he contracted a painful disease (inflammatory rheumatism) which, after more than a year and a half of suffering, terminated fatally. He died, July, 1877, in Florida, whither he had gone, like Ponce de Leon, in seareh of the fountain of health and youth, which, like the same enthusiastic explorer, he found only the grave. The writer of this cherishes a grateful remembrance of Mr. Stein, with whom it was his good fortune to be intimately associated during three pleasant years, in central New-York. To the happiness of those years Mr. Stein largely contributed, by his fine social qualities, his rare fund of information, and (more than all) his generous christian culture. It is a pleasant and altogether fitting coincidence, that his mortal remains should now be reposing in the " flowery land ;" but it is still more pleasant to think of his immortal spirit enjoying, in a state of conscious felicity, the rest of paradise, " Where everlasting spring abides, And never-fading flowers " flowers of which those he here loved so well, are only the faint type and resemblance. In May, 1877, the nursery and greenhouse were sold to John Stevens, who is the present proprietor. A RARE LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISE. We deem it a pleasure, as well as a duty, to notice a rare literary venture which would be noteworthy, even if undertaken in any of our great intellectual centers, an d by our most celebrated scientific men. But emanatin g from a small " provincial town," remote from great literary institutions and publishing houses, and conceived b y the courageous minds of two young ladies previously unknown to fame, it is simply marvelous. We refer t 0 an illustrated serial work (only one number of which h as yet been issued) on an important branch of ornith ology, thus far slightly treated, with the following title " Illustrations of Nests and Eggs of Birds of Ohio, wit h Text : By Genevieve E. Jones and Eliza J. Shultze." The recent sad and widely lamented death of Mis Jones will not, we understand, interrupt the progress o f the work—her mother, who is amply qualified for (and from whom her own rare qualifications were largel derived), having consented to take her place. In their " announcement " to the public, the author make the following statements, which embody their esti mate of the work they have undertaken : "The innumerable difficulties of such an undertaking, have hereto fore discouraged all attempts in this direction, and to-day this work stands alone, the only publication of the kind in America." " When completed, the volume will contain an illustration and description of the nest (if a nest is constructed) and eggs of cad species known to breed in the limits of the State. This will comprise about seventy plates and two hundred pages of reading matter, am when bound will be one of the most beautiful and desirable works tha has ever appeared in the United States, upon any branch of natural history." And that this is only a moderate self-appreciation, is fully evinced by the concurrent testimony of the leading American ornithologists, to whose judgment the first part has been submitted.. This is from Dr. Brewster : " If the high standard of excellence established in Part I. be maintained throughout the succeeding numbers, the work, when completed, can scarcely fail to take rank high above anything of the kind that has appeared in this country." This from Dr. Cones : "I had no idea that so sumptuous and elegant a publication was in preparation, and I am pleased that what promises to be one of the great illustrated works on North American ornithology, should be prepared by women." And this from Mr. Minot : " My enthusiasm has not been so excited for a long while. After careful consideration, I can think of no book of natural history, in which the beauties of art and of nature are so largely combined." Although we do not feel qualified confidently to predict the pecuniary success of this volume, yet we have no hesitancy in saying that it ought to succeed. But whether it succeeds or fails, the undertaking is an honor to Circleville, and well worthy of a place in its history. We trust that we violate no confidence when we state that the text which accompanies the illustrations in this book, is from the facile pen of Dr. Howard E. Jones, brother of the lamented young lady to whom the inception of the work is largely due. AN OBLITERATED VILLAGE. The town of Livingston was laid out about the year 18o5, by Daniel Dreisbach, in what is now the southeast corner of Circleviye township. It thus had the start of the town of Circleville by six or seven years, and, if it A. W. THOMPSON, M. D., was born in Heath, Franklin county, Massachusetts, December 16, 1814, of Scotch - Irish parentage. He was the third son, and fourth child, of William and Lovina Thompson, who were natives of Coleraine, Massachusetts. His mother's maiden name was Caldwell. She was the daughter of Joseph Caldwell, who was one of the earliest settlers of Coleraine. His boyhood was spent upon his father's farm. He had the advantages of the common schools of the day, and attended two terms at Whiting Griswold's high school. With such educational facilities, he was enabled to acquire a good general knowledge of the common branches, and an acquaintance with mathematics and the natural sciences, sufficient for all practical purposes of life. At a very early age he began teaching in the district schools, during the winter, working on the farm during the summer time. The social.peculiarities of the community in which he was horn, had a more powerful influence upon his character, in its development, than his education in the schools. It is related of Heyne, that he knew of but one essential for making a scholar: " He should be able to read;" all else could be acquired by application. To learn to read, a teacher is necessary; having learned this, the thoughtful student has in his,possession the master-key which unlocks everything else. Dr. Thompson was born in a community known far and wide for its intelligence and stern christian morality. Catechetical training by the "country parson," and, at the fireside, by the parents, was the common custom of the times.. The Bible was the text-book, on reading, in the common schools. Men were brought daily to the consideration of the highest problems of duty to God and humanity. Discussion of theological questions was the evening pastime of neighbors when they met, during the long winter evenings. Among such surroundings, at first a listener, at last a participant, the young man grew, and without knowing it, had become an acute reasoner, and no mean antagonist in debate. He knew things, but not definitions. There was a lack of polish, but there was strength. Men grew up self-reliant, conscientious and competent—fitted for any sphere. This was his preparation for the study of medicine. In February, 1838, he became the student of Wayne Griswold, of Whitingham, Vermont, who, subsequently held an enviable practice in Circleville, where he died in 1873. In the fall of 1838, he attended his first course of lectures, at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in the Berkshire medical college. After the close of the lectures, he became the pupil of Hon. S. W. Williams, M. D., of Deerfield, Massachusetts, a man who, at that time, had few peers, and no superiors, in the medical profession of Massacusetts. In October, 1839, he came to Ohio, and completed his medical course under the direction of his brother, J. C. Thompson, M. D., of South Bloomfield, Ohio. During the winters of 1839-40, and 184o-41, he attended lectures in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, where he received his degree, M. D., in 1841. He took the highest stand in his class in the studies of anatomy and chemistry. He located in the practice of medicine at Kingston, Ohio, in June, 1841, where he remained till 1859, when he moved to Circleville, where he has ever since, with the exception of a few months, been in the active practice of his profession. During his residence in Circleville he has held, much of the time, the largest practice in the county—a portion of the time larger than any one man ever held. In 1863 he formed a professional partnership with D. N. Kinsman, M. D., who now resides in Columbus, and at its termination, in May, 1866, with the late S. D. Turney, M. D.—this latter arrangement existing nearly six years—in 1877 with George T. Row, M. D., who is still with him. He has had an active professional life of almost forty years, in a practice both surgical and medical, such as rarely falls to the lot of medical men. The marks of his success are to be seen in the confidence of his patrons, and the affectionate esteem in which he is held. He is a close observer, and possesses a rard faculty of holding in his mind the details of his cases ; in this respect we know of no man in our professional acquaintance who is his equal. Before the discovery of the anaesthetic properties of ether had been published to the world, Dr. Thompson had, for himself, discovered its wonderful power, and introduced its use in labor cases. He was probably the first physician in the Scioto valley to administer chloroform as an anaesthetic ; and so, during his entire professional career, he has stood in the ranks of the advanced thinkers, and has kept pace with the rapid developments of modern medical science, both in theory and practice. As is common in a long course of practice, he became confident, self-reliant, though ever ready to gratify the wish of friends, or better the condition of the patient, by accepting the advice of the learned and experienced in his profession ; and, in return, was sought as an advisory physician, having, for a long time, held a large consultation practice. The value of such a life to any community cannot be estimated. In storm and sunshine, by day and night, alike by deeds of kindness and of sympathy, he has shown himself a lover of his fellow man. He has shown himself worthy of being trusted at all times and on all occasions, when the highest courage and promptest decision were required. In August, 1844, Dr. Thompson was married to Miss Diantha M. Entrekin, of Pickaway county. To them were born three children—Clifton B., Florence L., and Kate C.—all of whom survive their mother, who died in August, 1858. Dr. Thompson was again married in May, 1860, to Miss Harriet B. Lyon, of Oxford, Ohio. To them have been born four children—Fannie M., Mary E., William G., and Anna E.—all of whom are living. HISTORY OF FRANKI,IN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 21 I had not been swallowed up by its more fortunate sucessor, it might now have been the capital of Pickaway ounfy. We fear that Circleville has a good deal to nswer for. It sat down upon the works of a preistorical race, and crushed them out forever. It sprang p in the neighborhood of two already promising villages Livingston and Jefferson), just breathed upon them with s more prosperous breath, and they vanished away. ut let it not boast itself, as if it alone were immortal. is destroyer will also come, and all that its peaceful habitants, in their present sense of security, can say, is, After us, the deluge." Livingston became quite a hriving village, containing some thirty or forty families. It had three or four stores, the first established being that of William Carlisle. John Ely had a silversmith's shop, nd the other trades were quite well represented. It vas vacated about the year 1830, and the ground which to occupied forms (we believe) a part of the old Ludwig arm. Every trace of it has now disappeared, and when as may very well happen) some future Goldsmith of the vest shall sing its romantic but melancholy fate, he will not call it the "deserted," but the obliterated village. A MEMENTO OF THE PECULIAR INSTITUTION OF A NEIGHBORING STATE. While rummaging among the early records in the re-order's office at Circleville, we stumbled upon the following interesting relic, which seemed to us well worthy of a place among our historical collections. It is a deed of manumission, in the form of a will, made by one Edmond Lyne, a slave owner, in Bourbon county, Virginia, November 26, 1791, signed by. Thomas West and Richard W. Downing, as witnesses, and admitted to probate, in the county court, the next month, on motion of Harry Innis, the friend and executor of the said Lyne. A copy of the will, and proof, is furnished to Booker, one of the slaves manumitted, (and doubtless to others) to serve as "free papers," with a certificate by the said Innis, as executor—all the copies being attested by Thomas Arnold, clerk of Burbon county. The inference is that Booker, having strayed into Pick-away county, some nineteen years after the transactions referred to, had the papers recorded, as a matter of precaution, in the recorder's office at this place. The will seems to us exceedingly touching in its quaint simplicity, and must have been written (as is evident from a comparison of the dates) when the testator was very near his end—that "last wish" being, perhaps, almost his last word. The several documents, with their signatures, are as follows: "Whatever form or mode the State of Virginia may or shall, adopt for my appointing my friend, Harry Innis, to govern or execute my design, or forward the execution of this, my last will and testament, is uncertain, as I am not acquainted with the form of law. However, this much I wish to be done. First, after my death, each slave that is in bondage under me, shall he liberated. This far I hope my friend, Harry Innis, will conduct and perform, which is my last wish. EDMOND LYNE, Nov. 26, 1791. THOS. WEST RICH'D W. DOWNING. [A copy]. Teste: Tiros. ARNOLD, C. B. C. BOURBON COUNTY, December Court, 1791. On the motion of Harry Innis, executor of Edmond Lyne, deceased, it is ordered to be certified that the slaves emancipated by said docu ment are Matt, about thirty years of age; Dick, about forty ditto ; Booker, about twenty-seven ditto; Sarah, about thirty-five ditto; Jemima, about twenty-five ditto; Mill, daughter of Jemima, born Feb. 18, 1787; James, son of ditto, born Sep. 20, 1788, and Lucy, daughter of ditto, born March 3, 1791. Teste : THOS. ARNOLD, C. B. C. The bearer hereof is Booker, a slave emancipated by the within will. Witness my hand this 28th day of December, 1791. HARRY INNIS, Executor of Edward Lyne. [A copy.] THOS. ARNOLD, C. B. C. Here, then, was another noble Virginian, who, like another noble son of the "Mother of Presidents," was not ashamed to acknowledge, by an affecting and impressive act, that he "trembled when he remembered that God is just." This was eight years before the death of the noblest of all the Virginians, who also refused to go out of the world leaving a slave in "bondage under him." If the generous spirit of emancipation, which actuated these men, and which was, at that time, evidently rife throughout the South, had been cherished, instead of being smothered out, the desolating, but, fortunately, unsuccessful rebellion waged two generations later for the perpetuation of slavery, would, happily, have been avoided; and the precious treasure, and still more precious life, which (as elsewhere shown) the county of Pickaway so generously furnished for the suppression of that rebellion, would have been preserved for better uses in happier, if less heroic, days. COLONEL ANDERSON'S CABINET. One of the most interesting and instructive institutions of Circleville is the cabinet of Indian curiosities owned by Colonel W. Marshall Anderson. The colonel is deeply versed in all matters pertaining to American archaeology. His reading, in this most interesting department of learning, is very extensive, and his personal explorations have been, perhaps, still more extensive. Few men in the west are more familiar than he with the mounds, and other relics of the ancient races, both in this country and Mexico. His cabinet is largely the result of his own explorations, and it has been made the receptacle of similar contributions from his many friends in various parts of the country. His collection is especially rich in articles of ancient American pottery, and probably contains the largest number of entire vessels in that style of primitive art to be found in any existing cabinet. It is well known that the most of the specimens of ancient pottery, taken from the mounds, are found only in fragments. Any eastern antiquary, exploring a mound in the west, would feel himself well repaid for his labor, if he should find a piece of genuine and unmistakable ceramics an inch square. To such a one the large number of entire bowls and other utensils, contained in Colonel Anderson's collection, would be a sight to behold. We regret that we have neither time nor space for an elaborate description of the interesting relics contained in this cabinet, but we advise all our friends to take the first opportunity to see it for themselves. They will find its gifted proprietor accessible, courteous, and affable; and even more entertaining and instructive than the sight of his rare curiosities will be his intelligent and graceful account of them.   212 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.   CIRCLEVILLE JOTTINGS.   We consider Circleville one of the most pleasantly-shaded towns with which we are acquainted. Almost every street, except in the very center of the business part of the city, is bordered by trees, whose overhanging boughs protect the pedestrian from the heat of the summer sun at all hours of the day. The soft maple, so well adapted to cultivation as a shade tree, from its beautiful form, dense foliage, and rapid growth, is the one most frequently met with here. But the hard maple, elm, and other choice forest trees, common throughout the northern States, have been planted in considerable numbers; and among them, here and there, may be seen that magnificent flowering tree, a native of the south, but fairly acclimated to the winters of this latitude—the catalpa, whose broad, dark-green leaves render it attractive during the entire season, but which, during the month of roses, is made gorgeously beautiful by its great clusters of white blossoms, flecked with yellow and purple.   The walls of the stone church (St. Philip's Episcopal), of several of the brick churches, and many private dwellings built of the same material, are beautifully decorated by that finest of the American climbing plants, known in botany as the Ampelopsis quinquefoli a, but commonly called Virginia creeper, or American ivy; and, on some of the finest residences, the experiment of naturalizing the English ivy has been made, but with unsatisfactory results—since that historic plant is not of our winters "to the manor born." A succession of mild seasons had sent it up, in some places, almost to the roof; but the last winter, which was of unusual severity, nearly froze it out, leaving its naked stalks, interspersed here and there with lines of green leaves—a sad defacement upon the walls which they had recently covered with a rare and beautiful decoration.   But while it gives us pleasure to record the instances of good taste in arboriculture, manifested by the people of Circleville, "the truth of history" requires us to make note of one painful exception. We refer to the planting (in only a few localities, however, we are glad to say) of that most unambrosial misnomer, "the tree of heaven;" which, when in blossom, smells as—well (not to put too fine a point upon it) as no tree so named ought to smell. It was our misfortune, while writing a portion of this history, to occupy a room, near the window of which stood one of these Chinese intruders, in full bloom. The tortures we underwent, during that one malodorous week, often led us inwardly to exclaim, with a distinguished statesman of the past generation, "our suffering is intolerable!" If any of our readers have ever endured a tithe of what we then suffered, they will pardon, even though they cannot justify, the apparent uncharitableness of the resolutions which were passed, nem. con., by the general assembly of our own mind, and which we will here put on record, as a warning to the tree importers of future times. They are as follows:   "Resolved, That the man who first brought to our shores that stinking exotic, the Ailantus glandulostz, ought to have been hung to one of its branches till he smelled as had as the nuisance Which he perpetrated upon the country : Provided, it were possible for human carrion to achieve such a miracle of stench.   "Resolved, That the A. g., above named, is one of the Chinese that ' must go.'"   But it is the condition of its streets, walks and alleys, which gives to Circleville its chief pre-eminence over all the cities we have ever seen, without exception. It is literally a mudless city. All the roads leading into it are turnpikes, made of pebbles, or cobble-stones, covered with gravel. All these were once toll-roads, but some of them have been bought up by the county and made free, and the freedom of the others is only a question of time. Every one of the city streets has been skillfully graded, turnpiked, and covered with gravel, of which inexhaustible beds of the very best quality for the purposes of road making, are found in and about the city. Some of these streets furnish drives as luxurious as the famous "shell road " of New Orleans. The gutters are almost everywhere paved and kept unobstructed, so that, after a rain, the water runs off in an incredibly short time. The sidewalks, with which every street is fnrnished, are of unusual width, and constructed largely of brick—though some are of flagstone and some of a cement made of coal-tar and gravel. And, what would strike our western friends as something marvelous, all the alleys, even, are covered with the last-named ubiquitous material, and kept so free from filth and rubbish that, whenever convenience requires, they are used as thoroughfares both by drivers and pedestrians. We repeat, therefore, what we have already said, in substance, that, as to its streets, walks and alleys, Circlevile may safely challenge comparison with any city in the country.   But, as we felt compelled to notice one exception to the general good taste and judgment manifested by the people of this city in the matter of tree-planting, so we feel bound, as impartial historians, to make note of a somewhat similar exception to the general rule of tidiness in their streets and alleys. We refer to their unaccountable toleration of the pig nuisance. It is proverbial that familiarity with characters deemed respectable sometimes breeds contempt. And we fear that, conversely, familiarity with objects contemptible sometimes breeds, if not respect, at least indifference. And thus it may have come about that a cultivated and refined community, from long familiarity with the pig nuisance, have ceased to be aware that, really, in sense as well as in sound, it is a big nuisance; that hogs of all ages, sizes and colors, grunting and nosing about the streets and sidewalks, in front of business houses and private mansions, are not sightly and agreeable objects ; and that the Irish gentleman,   " Who kept the pig in the parlor, And that was Irish, too,"   is not a fair sample of the outgrowth of modern civilization.   By an architectural peculiarity of the place, this allusion to " the pig in the parlor," is rendered less extravagant, as a description of the state of things in Circleville, than one who has never been here would imagine. We refer to the fact that many, even of the more elegant houses, are built close to the street, without yard, or fence, or the possibility of any. As many of these houses are not provided with halls, the parlors open directly upon the sidewalks; and here, during the summer season,   HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 213   the families and their guests are accustomed to bring out their chairs in the cool of the day, to enjoy a social chat and the evening breeze. But this, of course, is almost a literal extension of the parlor into the street, and since, by common consent, the street is the pigs' habitat, where, sauntering along in their lazy dignity, they might at any time make themselves part and parcel of some group of bipedal intruders, we see that "the pig in the parlor" ceases to be a figure of speech, and becomes a possibility, if not an actual fact.   But we would not do the pig any injustice. On the contrary, we are disposed to be charitable ; and, like Southey, we would fain write an " apology " for him. Permit us to say, then, that he is a very peaceable citizen, and always attends strictly to his own business. If all other citizens were like him, in this respect, the public peace would never be disturbed ; and there would never be any angry controversies, social, political or religious. He was never known to be taken to the calaboose, for any offense whatever. And if the authorities had (which they have not) a pound for his especial accommodation, and he were taken there ten times a day, it would never once be his own fault. He never gets intoxicated; and if, cocasionally, he is seen in the gutter, you may be sure he went in, not "drunk as a lord," but sober as becoming an honest and orderly pig. And since, as already stated, he never—" hardly ever "—finds any mud there, he is never less a nuisance than then. But when a bipedal pig, having made a swill-barrel of himself (though with which swill no true hog would ever taste) rolls helplessly into the gutter—bah! Who can endure the sight ?   We feel compelled, therefore, to admit that, even in the quiet, well-ordered and beautiful town of Circleville, the pig is by no means the most offensive of citizens.   TOWNSHIP.   ORIGINAL PROPRIETORSHIP.   All the lands in Circleville township, until they were purchased and entered by private individuals, were owned by the United States. In other words, they are known as " government lands," in contradistinction from the " Virginia military lands," which comprise some of the other townships in Pickaway county.   SETTLEMENTS.   We have obtained the original entries of all the lands now comprised in the township of Circleville. It is certain that a few of the persons making these entries never settled on the lands they entered; but that most of them did, is verified by the recollection of two of the oldest residents of the original township of Washington, viz.: George Try, now (and for many years) living in Circleville, and Jacob Hitler, living just beyond the line, east; also by that of Samuel Lutz, now of Salt Creek township.   The township of Circleville contains sections five to eight (inclusive), seventeen to twenty, twenty-nine to thirty-two, and fractional sections one to seven, of the original township. The original entries of all these sections and fractional sections are as follows—the most of . the sections being entered in quarters:   Section five was entered by John and James Reed, George Moots, John Justice, and Peter Bunn, in 1804, 1805, and 1806; section six by George and Philip Moots, Joseph Yates, West Miller, and Thomas McNeal, in 1804 and 1805; section seven by Conrad Moots, West Miller, John and William McNeal, and Thomas McNeal, in 1804, 1805, and 1806; section eight by John Runkle, Benjamin Yates, and John Stine, in 1805; section seventeen by Jacob Hosselton, Mitten & Clark, William Walker, and Henry Zimmer, in 1804 and 18o5; section eighteen by Weaver & Roush, Thomas McNeal, Jesse Kent, and John Geehr, in 1804 and 1805; sections nineteen and twenty by Jacob Zieger, sr., May 7, 180T ; section twenty-nine by Samuel Hill, on the same date; section thirty by John Wright, Joseph Lane, and Adam Weaver, in 1804; section thirty-one by Joseph McCune, June 8, 1803; section thirty-to by Robert F. Slaughter, June 9, 1801; fractional sections one and two by Anthony Boucher, who procured his government patent April 3o, 1813; fractional sections three and four by John McNeal, July io, 1804; fractional section five by Jacob Zieger, sr., May 7, 1801; fractional section six by William Stump and George Breyfogle, November 12, 1805; and fractional section seven by Joseph McCune, January 8, 1803. Section nineteen, about half of each of the sections twenty and thirty, together with fractional section five, and about half of fractional section six, now make up the territory of the city of Circleville.   The heirs of Anthony Boucher, who entered fractional sections one and two, still live upon the same land.   Samuel Hill, who settled on section twenty-nine, was from Kentucky.   Jacob Hitler says that the first settlers on section thirty-two were Samuel and John Thomas, brothers, from Pennsylvania.   John Wright, who purchased one one-quarter of section thirty, was an uncle of Mrs. George Try. In early life he had been captured by the Indians, was with them several years, and spoke their language readily.   Mr. Gregg now owns section thirty-one, entered by Joseph McCune.   Daniel Ludwig came from Berks county, Pennsylvania, about 1805, and purchased section thirty-two, which had been entered by Robert F. Slaughter, being situated in what is now the south-east corner of Circleville township. His son, Jacob Ludwig, still lives on the old homestead—the fine brick mansion built many years ago by his father, being the first in the county constructed of that material.   Jacob Hitler and his brother now own the farms directly north of Ludwig's, on which they have lived many for years. Their father came to this county as early as 1798.   Henry Triece (or Trees) came from Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, about the year 1806. He purchased the land on which the Forest cemetery now is, and owned it till about 1840, when he sold it to Mr. Mowery.   John Rowe, grandfather of Mayor Todd, about 1808 purchased the farm west of John Wright's in section thirty.   214 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.   ADDITIONAL NAMES OF OLD SETTLERS.   Henry Foresman was born in Lycoming county, Penn- sylvania, September 19, 1786, and came to Ohio in 1811, driving out one of the teams of his uncle, William Foresman, a pioneer settler in Wayne township. He married his cousin, Jane L. Foresman, daughter of Alexander Foresman, March 17, 1814. He subsequently purchased a farm a short distance west of the old village of Jefferson, in Pickaway township. The purchase price was six thousand dollars, of which he paid four thousand dollars down, but was never able to pay the balance, owing to the hard times succeeding the war of 1812. The sad result was, that he lost the farm and all that he had paid. After renting a farm for a year or two, he settled [1823] in Circleville, where he commenced working at the blacksmith's trade, which he followed the most of his life. He died September i 7, 186o. His wife died January 6, 1869. He had four children, of whom the three sons are all living, viz.: William K., a blacksmith, living in Circleville; Robert, a mile north, and Alexander, in Florida. The daughter, Sarah Jane (Plumb), died December 13, 1857.   Alexander Foresman (brother of Henry, mentioned above,) came from Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, to Pickaway county, in 1812. He was a weaver by trade, and located in Circleville, where he continued to live until his death, in 1832. He was a captain in the Revolutionary war.   Henry Burget came from Hampshire county, Virginia, to Pickaway county, in 181i, and in 1812 bought the farm owned by Mr. Denny, just north of the corporation of Circleville. There he lived till 1836, when he removed to one of his houses in town, only to die, and be buried in what is now called the old cemetery. He had married in Virginia, about 1803, Mary Dickson, of whom he had nine children--four born in Virginia, the rest here. All these are dead but two sons and one daughter. The two sons, James and Washington, live in Illinois, and the daughter, Mrs. Sarah (Burget) Smith, still lives in Circleville.' She married, in 1826, William D. Smith, of this place, a farmer by occupation, who died in 1856, having had, in all, sixteen children, nine of whom are still living.   INCORPORATION OF THE TOWNSHIP OF CIRCLEVILLE.   The first recorded action that we can find, looking toward the division of the old township of Washington, and the erection of its western part into the township of Circleville, is the minutes of the commissioners of the county of Pickaway, of 183o to 1837, as follows :   " PICKAWAY COUNTY, OHIO, March 4, 1833. The petition of sundry citizens of Washington township, in said county, was this day laid before the commissioners of said county, praying for a division of said township, which was continued till tomorrow, March 5, 1833."   Immediately under this, on the same page, stands the following :   " MARCH 6, A. D., 1833. The above petition, [being] viewed and considered on this day, there was a division [i. e., disagreement! of the commissioners present, to-wit : John Boggs, esq., against division ; John Mills, in favor of division ; and a notice of Daniel Dreisbach, esq., in favor of the division, which is now on file."   Across both of these minutes several lines of erasure were drawn ; but several pages further on we find the following :   " MARCH 6TH, 1833, PICKAWAY CO., O.   On the application of sundry citizens of Washington township, for an immediate advertisement for an election to be held in the new township, as petitioned for, named by two of the commissioners, (to-wit, Daniel Dreisbach and John Mills) Circleville township, and that a board not being present, and a division in the opinion of those present, it is therefore ordered that the above petition and application be suspended until 18th March, inst. JOHN MILLS, DANIEL DREISBACH."   " March 7th. Notice of appeal this day entered by Bohn Shoup, csq."       To THE COMMISSIONERS OF PICKAWAY COUNTY :   "And on the 9th March, A. D., 1833, a notice was filed, directed :   Gentlemen—You will please to take notice that the undersigned citizens and residents of Washington township, in Pickaway county, have taken an appeal from your decision, made by you at your March session, A. D. 1833, dividing Washington township in said county of Pickaway, and that the same will be presented to the court of common pleas of said county, at the next May term, for hearing. Yours, &c., JOHN SHOUP, JOHN YATES, ANDREW BRINER."   These are all the records to be found in the minutes of the board.   It would seem from this, that the erased minutes were really the record of an action, taken by the county commissioners, which was regarded as an actual division of the township. But whether this was so or no, it is pretty obvious that action was taken, of which no record has been preserved. For instance, there is no record of the naming of the new township by Dreisbach and Mills, who constituted a majority of the board. How it happened that a part of the records were kept, and not all ; and what has become of the papers which are spoken of as being placed on file, we have found nobody that can tell. The eighteenth day of March, the day set, by the commissioners for considering "the application of sundry citizens for an immediate advertisement of an election to be held in the new township," we may suppose to have been allowed to pass without any action, because nothing could be done before the hearing of the "appeal," which was set for the May term of court. But who authorized the election which, as we shall see, must have been held about the first of April, will probably forever remain a sealed mystery.   During its May term, the court of common pleas, as we find in the records, made the following order :   An appeal taken from a decision of the commisioners of Pickaway county, making a new township by the name of Cirnleville township   " John Shoup and others, May term, 1833.   The court, having carefully inspected the papers in the case, and heard the arguments of counsel, do order that the same be stricken from the docket for want of jurisdiction."   Meanwhile the people had " cut the Gordian knot " by holding an election of officers for the new township. In the office of the township clerk we find a record, not of their election, but of their being sworn into office on the 2d of April, 1833. We hence conclude that the election must have been held about the 1st of April. The officers inducted at that time, were the following : Jacob Leiby, township clerk ; Ferguson Flemming and John Groce, trustees ; Henry B. Joy, Wm. L. Pembroke and" Edwin_R. Reigen, constables ; George C. Gephart, fence   HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 215   viewer. Whether any other officers were elected that year cannot now be ascertained. The first election of which we find a complete record, was the one held March 4, 1836, when the following officers were elected: Valentine Keifer, township clerk ; sworn into office before John Ludwig, justice of the peace. Matthias Robins, Thos. Pedrick and Jacob Try, trustees; sworn in before the clerk, Valentine Keifer. Jerome Wolfley and James Gill, constables; sworn in before the same. Andrew Briner,. Francis Dana and Thomas Moore, supervisors; sworn in before the same. Wm. R. Rinehart and Henry Forseman, overseers of the poor; sworn .in before the same. John L. Green, James Gill and Wm. McArthur, fence viewers; sworn in before different officers.   We close our notice of township incorporation, by giving a list of the present officers. It will be seen that several new offices have been added, and that of " fence viewers" dropped. The election took place April 7, 1879. Parmer Lowe, Lewis Atkinson and Jason Case, justices of the peace; George Gearhart, Wm. Cage and Franz Moeller, trustees; J. F. Hoffman, treasurer; W. H. Sweyer, clerk; Wm. Mitchell, constable; H. Seigwald, E. K. Rife, Jerome Wolfley, Louis Meyers, James Simmes and Lew. Pontious, assessors ; Erwin Jones, Wm. Noonan and James Shaner, supervisors.   INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS IN THE TOWNSHIP.   These are hardly as diversified as might be desired. The wonderful adaptedness of the soil to wheat and corn, the universal demand for those staples, and the small amount of capital, as well as skill and practice, necessary for their cultivation, gave to them an early preponderance over other industrial products, which they have been allowed to hold longer, perhaps, than they should. The raising of cattle for the eastern market has, at different times, been quite largely carried on, and the "hog crop" has always been large, as the immense "clearances" of pork and lard abundantly show. But the citizens complain that not a pound of cheese is raised in the township, for sale, and hardly butter enough for the home demand, and that, too, of an inferior quaility. With a soil capable of producing the most nutritious grass in abundance, there would seem to be no good reason why both cheese factories and creameries could not be made to yield a handsome profit. Let us hope, too, that at no distant day, mills for the manufacture of linseed oil and fibre will be established in Circleville ; thus stimulating the cultivation of flax, and giving employment to many, otherwise idle, hands, and much unemployed capital.   Several portable steam-engines, manufactured by the Scioto machine works, are owned in different parts of the township, and are operated by their owners wherever needed, in sawing wood and lumber, and, more especially, in threshing grain.   In the vicinity of the town, there are several large vegetable gardens, one of which (that of Mr. Geo. Sweiger) raises vegetables for the Columbus market—all the others being needed to supply the home demand. There are, also, several brick kilns, owned and operated ouside of the corporation, one of the largest being that of Mr. McCollister, just north of the city.   In going about over the township, we have been much gratified by the general evidences of thrift and comfort everywhere presented. The primitive mode of architecture, as seen in the log cabin, has not yet disappeared, and we will not deny that its occasional appearance adds somewhat to the picturesqueness of many a beautiful landscape. But we own ourselves better pleased with the elegant farm mansion, so often met with, located on its well-chosen site, overshadowed by graceful trees, amid decorated grounds, which tell unmistakably of the presence of wealth, of culture, and of refinement.   THE MEDICAL PROFESSION OF CIRCLEVILLE.   The early physicians of Pickaway county, in common with all the early-settlers in a heavily timbered country, had, from their first arrival, and for many years, a life of hardship to endure and gigantic obstacles to oyercome. The patients they. were called upon to visit lived, in most cases, at a considerable distance from each other, and the only roads were blind paths and blazed trees from one habitation to another. A journey of many weary miles each day, accomplished on horseback, had to be taken in order to visit a very few families, and often these journeys were attended with great danger, for no matter how wil d the storm, or how swollen the streams, suffering humanity must be relieved. Fevers and ague were the prevailing diseases, and at some seasons they baffled the skill of the best physicians of the day, and became malignant, threatening at times to depopulate the country, and drive the settlers back to the borders of civilization to preserve their lives from the unseen foe.   Among the first physicians to locate in Pickaway county, were Dr. Daniel Turney, Dr. Erastus Webb and Dr. William N. Luckey. Dr. Turney removed from Shepherdtown, Virginia, to Ross county, Ohio, in 1800. He first commenced the practice of medicine in Jefferson, Pickaway county. He removed to Circleville about the time the town was first laid out, in 181o, and became the first resident physician of the place. He was an eminent physician and surgeon, and made himself thoroughly acquainted with the various types of disease incident to the disturbance of the virgin soil of the new country. He was eminently successful in his practice, and never remitted his exertions to heal the sick while life lasted. He remained in Circleville until 1823, when he removed to Columbus, where he continued in practice until his death, in 1827.   Dr. Erastus Webb was the second physician to locate in Circleville, arriving about 1815. His former home was in New York State: He continued in successful practice throughout the adjoining county, having an extensive ride, and possessing the confidence of the people in a marked degree until his death, which occurred in 1848.   Dr. William N. Luckey was the next physician in Circleville, coming to that place from Pennsylvania in about 1819. He did his share of the practice, and was known   216 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO   as a careful and painstaking practitioner. He continued in business until his death, in 1847.   Dr. Hill was a student of Dr. Webb, and after preparing himself under the instruction of so good a practitioner, he began the practice of medicine in about 1825 or 1826. He remained in practice in Circleville a few years, when he removed to near Terre Haute, Indiana, where he practiced until his death many years later.   Dr. Edson B. Olds came to Ohio in 1818, then a poor young man of sixteen years of age. He taught school to procure the means for obtaining a profession, and commenced the study of law with his brother, Joseph Olds. Owing to an impediment in his speech, he was discouraged from continuing the study of law, and shortly began the study of medicine with I)r. William N. Lucky, finishing his studies at a Philadelphia medical university. He began practice at Kingston, Ross county; in 1824, and remained there about four years. In 1828 he came to Circleville and conducted a successful practice until 1837, when he engaged in a general produce and mercantile business. He became an active politician, and was several times elected to the State legislature, and twice to congress. He removed to Lancaster in 1859, and died there in January, 1879.   Dr. Peter K. Hull settled in Circleville about 1834 or 1835, and practiced medicine until about 1844, when he removed to Monticello, Indiana, where he died about 1858.   Dr. T. H. Gibson was a native of Pickaway county, and early commenced the study of medicine with Dr. William N. Luckey. He began practice about 1823, and continued at his profession until 1836. He suffered from consumption, and visited White Sulphur Springs, Virginia, for relief, but died from the disease when on his return to his home, in 1836.   Dr. Finley practiced medicine in Circleville from about 1825 to 1833, when he removed to South Bend, Indiana.   Dr. A. W. Thompson is a native of Massachusetts, and in that State commenced the study of medicine. Before completing his studies he came to Ohio and read with his brother, Dr. J. C. Thompson, of South Bloomfield, after which he graduated from Berkshire medical college. He first commenced practice in Kingston, Ross county, and, after a short time, removed to Circleville, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice. An extended notice of his life appears in another part of this work.   Dr. J. B. Jones was a graduate of the Jefferson medical college, Philadelphia, in the class of 1837. Immediately after graduating he began the practice of his profession in Muskingum county, where he remained two years, in 1839 removing to Circleville, where he built up an extensive practice. He was a victim of consumption, and spent one winter in Texas, in search of a relief from the dread disease. His death occurred in Circleville, in 1846. He left a widow and one child, who now live in Circleville.   Dr. Wayne Griswold was born and received the benefit of an academical education in Buckland, Franklin county, Massachusetts. He studied medicine and graduated from Berkshire medical college, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1834. Immediately after graduating he commenced the practice of medicine in Whitingham, Vermont, where he remained until 1839, when he removed to Circleville. He had a house and office on the lot now occupied by the court house, and, after obtaining a good start in business, lost all by a fire, which destroyed his buildings. He then commenced again, and, with indomitable energy,. built up a large and lucrative practice, which he continued until 1872, when he retired from active labor, leaving his business to Doctors Wilder and Bowers, his nephew and son-in-law. In 1849 he engaged with his brother-in-law, W. W. Ballard, in the drug business, continuing his connection with this business until 1865. To him a great deal of the credit of the present mission-school system of Circleville is due. He was an indefatigable worker in the cause of education, and served some time on the school board and in the city .council. Politically a democrat, he worked for the success of his party, and, in 1847, ran for State senator, and, in 1851, for representative, but did not secure an election. In 1853 he was elected member of the board of public works, and served one term. His death occurred in October, 1873.   Dr. Chester Olds came from Vermont to Circleville about 1850, and engaged in the practice of medicine, at which he continued some ten years, when he died.   Dr. Louis Bierce came from Athens some time after 1840, and died in Circleville, after practicing about two years.   Dr. H. C. Johns read medicine in Circleville with Dr. J. B. Jones, and engaged in practice with him for a short time. He removed to Decatur, Illinois, about 1849, and is now in practice there.   Dr. Kingsley Ray practiced in Worthington and in Delaware, and, in 1845, removed to Circleville, where he practiced until 1865, and where he now resides. His biography appears on another page of this work.   Dr. Charles H. Hawkes graduated at Berkshire medical college, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in 1845. After graduating, he read another year at Middlebury, Vermont. In 1847, he commenced practice at Tarlton, Pickaway county, and in 1848 came to Circleville, and entered into partnership with I)r. Marcus Brown, with whom he continued one year. In 1849, he opened an office by himself, and continued in practice until 1873, when he was seized with a disease of the brain which eventually caused his death, in 1878. He was placed in the insane asylum at Dayton, for a time, and then at Athdris, where he received marked advantages, and was, after a time, able to return home, where he remained some fifteen months. His malady returned, and he was taken to the asylum at Columbus, where he died.   Dr. Taylor commenced practice in Circleville about 1848, and continued until his death, from cholera, in 1850.   Dr. Marcus Brown, first commenced practicing in Williamsport, Ohio, in 1825. He remained there eleven years, when he removed to Circleville, and continued to practice until 185o, when he sold his business to Dr. Taylor. In 1849 he engaged in banking in Circleville. An extended notice of his life will be found in this work.   I)r. Samuel D. Turney read medicine under Dr. P. K.   HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 217   Hull, and attended one course of lectures at Starling medical college, in 1849-50. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1851, and immediately engaged in practice in Circleville, and continued in active business until his death, in January, 1878. His biography appears on another page of the Circleville history.   Dr. N. E. Jones graduated from the Cleveland medical college, in 1846, and practiced in that city two years. He then spent several years in the West, a part of the time in Dubuque, Iowa. In 1853, he came to Circleville, where he opened an office, and has built up an enviable practice. In 1878, he associated with him his son, Dr. Howard E. Jones, who had read medicine with him, and graduated at the Ohio medical college, in Cincinnati, in the winter of 1875-6 He afterwards took a post-graduate course at the college of physicians and surgeons, in New York.   Dr. William L. Peck came to Circleville about 1855, and practiced in company with Dr. Chester Olds until 1861, when he he was commissioned as assistant surgeon in an Ohio regiment. He was afterwards promoted to surgeon of a regiment, and served until the close of the war. Soon after his return he was appointed superintendent of the Columbus insane asylum, where he remained until after the institution was burned. He was in charge during the rebuilding of the asylum, until it was near completion, when another took his place, and he removed to Cincinnati, where he established a sanitarium. He remained in Cincinnati for some time, and then removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he now resides.   Dr. Baldridge practiced the eclectic system of medicine for a time, previous to 1857.   Dr. Longshore practiced the eclectic system for a time, and died in Circleville in 1854 or '55.   Dr. Jephtha Davis was an eclectic physician here from about. 1858 until 1872, when he removed to Kansas.   Dr. C. C. Sharp came to Circleville from Galveston, Texas, about 1857, and remained in practice until about 1869, when he removed to Columbus. He left there for Lexington, Kentucky, thence to Louisville, and is now located in Chicago.   Dr. D. M. Kinsman came to Circleville when a young man, and was for some time employed in the schools of the place. He read medicine with Dr. William L. Peck, .and graduated from the Ohio medical college, Cincinnati, in 1863. After his graduation, he entered into partnership with Dr. A. W. Thompson, which continued until 1866, when he removed to Lancaster. 'There he remained five or six years, when he became connected with Starling medical college, Columbus.   Dr. G. A. Wilder read medicine with Dr. Wayne Griswold, in 1856, and for several years afterward. He attended lectures at Berkshire medical college, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1864. In 1865 he entered into partnership with Dr. Griswold, in Circleville, where he has since remained. Dr. Griswold gave up his practice in 1872, since which time he has been in partnership with Dr. Bowers. Previous to entering upon the regular study of medicine he was employed in the drug   28   store of Griswold & Ballard, and, while there, made considerable progress in his studies.   Dr. E. D. Bowers commenced the study of medicine under Dr. H. Culbertson, of Zanesville, where he remained but a short time, when he went to Philadelphia, and studied nearly three years, graduating in 1861, at Jefferson medical college. In 1862, he was comrhissioned assistant surgeon of the Ninety-third Ohio infantry, and in March, 1865, was promoted to be full surgeon. Soon after being mustered out of service, in October, 1865, he was, for a time, in the asylum for the insane at Columbus, as assistant, and in 1867 entered into partnership with Drs. Griswold & Wilder, in Circleville. Since 1872 he has been in partnership with Dr. Wilder.   Dr. M. Hammel read medicine with Drs. Griswold & Wilder, in 1865, and in 1868, graduated from the Ohio medical college, of Cincinnati. He engaged in practice at Five Points, in Monroe township, where he remained five months, when he removed to Waterloo, where he practiced six months. In the spring of 1869 he located in Circleville, where he has since remained.   Dr. A. H. Shaeffer graduated from Starling medical college in 1849, and soon after commenced the practice of medicine at Royalton, Fairfield county. He remained there but a short time, when he removed to Oakland, in the same county, and practiced eighteen years. In May, 186o, he came to Circleville, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession.   Dr. L. C. Vernon read medicine with Dr. Sharp, in Circleville, in 1857. He graduated from the Eclectic medical institute, at Cincinnati, in 1864, and went to Zanesville, where he practiced until 1873, when he came to Circleville, where he has since practiced. Previous to his graduation he practiced for a time at Washington Court House.   Dr. A. P. Courtright was a student with Drs. Turney & Thompson, in 1864. He attended lectures at Miami medical college, Cincinnati, where he graduated in 1867, After graduating he was chosen by competitive examination, physician in the old commercial hospital, (now the Cincinnati hospital) for one year. He was then appointed assistant physician at Longview lunatic asylum, Cincinnati, where he remained three years and a half. He then engaged in private practice in Cincinnati for a year and a half. In 1873 he came to Circleville and opened an office. He was in partnership with Dr. Turney from January, 1877, until his death, since which time he has conducted business by himself. He has built up an extensive and lucrative practice in and about Circleville.   Dr. G. T. Rowe read medicine in the office of Dr. S. D. Turney in 1874-7, graduating the latter year from the university of Maryland, at Baltimore. He attended one course of lectures in 1876, at the Ohio medical college. In 1877 he entered into partnership with Dr. A. • W. Thompson, with whom he is still associated.   Dr. Thomas Blackstone was a student with his uncle, Dr. William Blackstone, of Athens. He attended one course of lectures at the Ohio medical college, in 1872, and graduated from the Bellevue hospital medical college, in New York, in 1873. In 1874 he was appointed   218 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.   assistant physician at Athens asylum for the insane, where he remained three years. He then spent a year in London and Vienna, at their famous hospitals, and in the fall of 1878 came to Circleville, where he now practices. Previous to entering upon the study of medicine, he graduated from the Ohio university, at Athens.   Dr. F. Baker practiced in Ashland, Kentucky, for a time, and in 1878 came to Circleville, where he is now in practice.   Dr. John C. King graduated from the university of Nashville, in 1874. In 1872 he commenced the homoeopathic practice in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, and served on the staff of physicians at the homoeopathic charity hospital of Pittsburgh, for three years. In 1878 he came to Circleville, where he has built up a good practice, being the only physician of that school in the place.   Dr. George A. Rowe read medicine with Dr. L. C. Vernon, in 1875, and graduated from the eclectic medical institute of Cincinnati, in 1878. Since that time he has been located in Circleville.   Dr. Tomlinson came to Circleville in 1878. He had been in practice in other places some fifteen years previous to his location here.   BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.   WILLIAM B. THRALL.   WILLIAM BARLOW THRALL was born in Rutland, Vermont, the twenty-first day of June, 1798. His father, Jesse Thrall, was born in Windsor, Connecticut, and settled, as a farmer, in Rutland, in 1791. He was the son of Samuel Thrall, a farmer, and captain of a company in the war of the Revolution. Samuel was a son of John Thrall, second, who was a son of John Thrall, first, who was a son of Timothy Thrall. Timothy was a son of William Thrall who, in 1829, was a member of Rev. Mr. Wareham's church, organized at Plymouth, England, for the purpose of emigrating to America.   In 1630, the church arrived in America, and located at Dorchester, Massachusets, but, in 1635, it removed to Windsor, Connecticut, where William B. Thrall's father, Jesse, was born. William's mother was Mabel Rose, the daughter of Justus Rose, of Granville, Massachusetts. Justus was one of a numerous family of great longevity. His mother lived until she was one hundred and three years old. When she was one hundred years old, a meeting was called, a sermon preached, and her descendants enumerated. Of these there were found to be living over four hundred and fifty.   Thus, William B. Thrall's ancestors can be traced back until they are found participating in that bloody struggle which gave this country its freedom, through the war of the Revolution, and, back of all that memorable conflict, to the old Puritans, who left England that they might enjoy civil and religious liberty.   Eighty-one years ago, even in New England, education was yet in its infancy. There were, it is true, a few colleges struggling into life, but, with the average farmer of that early day, when the sterile hillsides and contracted valleys had furnished food and raiment for the family, there was seldom anything left with which to supply the ambitious boy the wherewithal to secure a collegiate education; and so, the primitive country school must suffice. Such was William B. Thrall's lot ; and, thus equipped, at the early age of fifteen, he entered the office of the Rutland Herald, William Fay, owner, to learn the art of printing. But the termination of the lad's schooling was by no means, the termination of his studies. On the contrary, it was but their commencement, growing with his years, and, during his long and useful career, furnishing him with pleasant occupation for each leisure moment. Nor were the duties of the printing office sufficient to satisfy his developing capacities. He soon began, himself, to write short articles for publication in the newspaper where he was serving his apprenticeship; and, thus early, was commenced that great talent in journalism which characterized his after life.   Whether any of these boyish efforts shared the common fate of beginners—the waste-paper basket—or not, is not certainly known; sure it is that some did not, and he soon had the supreme satisfaction of seeing his own young ideas in print, besides not only having had the previous pleasure of placing them in type and reading the proof, but also of striking off the newspapers. Thus, step by step, William advanced from roller-boy onward, until, at the end of four years, he was declared a competent journeyman printer. During this time, not content with his printer's task, his hours for the reading of useful books, and his newspaper productions, he burned midnight oil in the practice of epistolary correspondence, and so laid the foundation of that terseness of expression and gracefulness of style, which, during his long life, never ceased to charm those who were so fortunate as to be recipients of his letters.   Now that the trade was learned, and that the dawn of manhood was showing itself in the first down of the coming beard, William looked up at the mountains and across the hills of his Vermont home, and they seemed small, and the valleys appeared cramped. There came into his heart a desire to be out and away from what was rapidly growing to .be something like a prison life. He found his eyes strained in the direction of the setting sun—toward that wonderful western wilderness. It was the old story that was being repeated in that New England home, in this boy's feelings and desires. The swarming time was at hand with him, and so the populous hive started out another of its representatives to the then far west. Nor trunk, nor even sachel, was needed to carry his slender wardrobe; it was all comprised in the space of a cotton handkerchief, which, on a stick, slung across the shoulder, with a few shillings in his pocket—the savings of his printer's experience—made up his worldly wealth. Thus equipped, and with the blessings of his christian parents, in the early autumn of 1817, William turned his face westward.   Without "reflection, this journey to Ohio seems a small   HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 219   matter, because since then, thanks to steam, space has been almost annihilated, so that a trip from Vermont to Ohio, now, is scarcely mote than a visit from one neighboring village to another. Then, it was, as it were, going from one world to another. There were to encounter, wild beasts and savage Indians; to traverse bridle paths, called roads; to pass through hundreds of miles of interminable forests; there was the fording of streams, sometimes swollen by recent floods; camping out by night; and the rude fare. It was all that can be embodied in the idea of companionship with primitive nature. To say good-bye to one in those days, who was to undertake a journey such as William was about to commence, appeared like saying it forever. And what made this journey more remarkable was the fact that he was a lad of only nineteen, his worldly possessions in a little bundle, with only a few shillings in his pocket, and nothing beyond them but his trade to rely upon for his support—thus equipped, going out into this western wilderness. Just what young Thrall was proposing to do, however, thousands like him in New England had done, were doing, or would do, later, and in this way. With this grand material was the great west, in a large measure, to be populated. Remembering this, we are not surprised that the development has been so rapid and substantial.   It was safe to feel that boys who had the courage to encounter pioneer life as William was about to do, had the material in him to make a success, and this doubtless buoyed up his parents to bravely undergo the trying ordeal of separation. Good fortune met our young hero on the threshold of his departure. A neighbor of the Thralls, Deacon Pratt by name, prepared to journey his way, and he secured the opportunity of riding with him. At frequent intervals, however, through the hilly and mountainious regions, and over the bad roads, the men had to get out and walk; thus much of the way to Ohio was made on foot by our young emigrant.   Fifteen years previous to this time, what was known as the Granville company, had emigrated from Granville, Massachusetts, to what is now known as Granville, Ohio. The colony was composed of three families of the Roses, relatives of William's on his mother's side; one family of Thrall's, his father's relatives, and one family of Graveses, which had intermarried with both the Thralls and Roses. After undergoing all the hardships of first settlers, this colony was now well established, and was constantly receiving new accessions from New England. Thitherward our party of emigrants bent their way. The journey occupied a full month. When they started, the foliage was in the green of summer, but ere they had reached their destination in Ohio it had taken on the glorious hues of autumn. This Granville colony was a band of devout christians, and when their time was not occupied with their severe tasks of opening up the new country, it was spent in devotional exercises. Deacon Pratt's party chanced to arrive at Granville just as one of their frequent religious meetings had opened under the trees, where, in the pleasant days, it was their wont to hold service. They were attracted to the spot by the sweet strains of sacred music. The services were stopped to give the new corners a cordial greeting. Either through the occasional mails, or the incoming settlers from New England, the coming reputation of our journeyman printer had preceded him, and so it was the wish of the congregation, made up largely of his relatives, that he should take part in the service, which he did, reading them a sermon in his travel-worn costume and fatigued condition, delighting every one by his modesty, graceful manner, and clear enunciation.   This episode made young Thrall at once the hero of the Granville colony. He was carried off in triumph by his uncle, Lemuel Rose, to his home, where he remained until the following spring. There were two daughters, his cousins, about his own age, in the house, and not content to be idle, William assisted them in milking the cows, besides making himself generally useful in wood chopping and helping at the general farm chores. Plowboys and axemen were more in demand at this time than journeymen printers, and so, when spring came, William found it necessary to hunt for work in his line, and thus, for two years, he vibrated between Granville, Zanesville, and Worthington, winding up in Columbus, in the fall of 1818.   These journeys from village to village he usually made on foot. Once, in going from Worthington to Granville, having to pass a stretch of woods fourteen miles in extent, he was followed the whole distance by what he supposed was a dog. The animal was large, lean, and hungry-looking. Telling his uncle about it when he reached his house, he was informed that the supposed dog was a wolf, and, from his having followed him so far, he was a hungry one at that, and, that he had made a narrow escape in not being attacked.   At the time of young Thrall's first entrance into Columbus, both Worthington and Franklinton exceeded it in size and population. Three years previous to his arrival it could only boast of one brick house, in the location corner of Broad and High streets, as it now is known, with simply the foundation of the State house laid. The year previous the first trees had been girdled, of which there was a dense growth, the dead trees being cut down the following spring. Thus, when Thrall's eyes first rested on Columbus, it was but little more than a village of stumps.   The Western Intelligencer was at this time purchased by Griswold, Olmsted & Buttles, and moved from Worthington to Columbus. In addition to publishing this paper, they had the contract for State printing, and in this office Thrall found himself a journeyman printer. There being neither hotels nor boarding houses, as yet, to speak of, in this newly-fledged capital, the employees of the office were given board and lodging among the families of the proprietors, and here, for the first time since he had left Vermont, our wandering printer had the promise of something like permanent employment. As the result, he felt a home feeling springing up in his breast; another fate, however, was in store for him.   His brother Walter had swarmed from the parent hive in 1815, first locating, as had William afterwards, at the Granville colony, then at Worthington, and finally at the   220 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.   village of Circleville, where there was already a newspaper published. It was called the Olive Branch, and its proprietors were Guy W. Doane, Gen. Joseph Renick, and J. M. Hays. The owners were not satisfied with their printer, which Walter Thrall learning, he called upon them, and gave them the information that he had a brother in Columbus who was a competent printer and a reliable young man, whose services he thought they might secure. Delighted at these testimonials, they immediately engaged Mr. Thrall to go to Columbus and secure the services of his brother, and to bring him back with him at once.   Mr. Thrall found his brother reluctant to go. " I have," said he " three months' steady work here, and don't think I ought to leave it."   "At Circleville you have a chance for three years' steady work instead of three months'," was Walter's reply.   Finally, William consented to go. Walter had come from Circleville, on horseback, and it was arranged that they should take turns in riding back; as the saying was, they would "ride and tie." William's arrangements for departure were simple enough. His wealth had not increased since leaving Vermont, and so the old handkerchief and staff were again brought into requisition. It is impossible to say which of the two brothers' turn it was to ride when they reached Circleville, but, either riding or walking, in this primitive way William at last reached the little village, which, for the next quarter of a century was to claim him as a resident, and which he was to honor, and which was, in turn, to honor him with public positions, kindly feelings and warm affections, such as falls to the lot of but few men, either to experience or deserve.   Only a few months previous, the subject of this sketch had passed his twenty-first birthday, so that his first appearance in Circleville was in the earliest blushes of man- hood. With his hand upon his heart, we believe he could look back upon his twenty-one years of life, and truthfully say that not only had there been no sowing of wild oats, but they had not been marked by a single act, the recollection of which could bring the blush of shame to his cheek ; and yet, doubtless, somewhere, and at different times, through his limited school experience, or printer's apprenticeship, or in his wanderings since he left the parental roof, temptations had been offered to him, which boys of a different mould would have absorbed as the sponge absorbs water—which, indeed, but few reject as completely as he had done. And now, here he was in this little village, a man at last. Though with all the enthusiasm of the boy, and with mirth, humor, and a cheerful disposition, that he never parted with during his life, yet, he was thoroughly practical ; and eager was he to commence the task which, while it was to assist in the growth of the village, would, also, result in leading him up to substantial success.   Circleville was, at this time, about all embraced within the circle of the old fort, which, wheel-shaped, sent out from the hub, where the court house was located, four roads, like spokes. The houses were built fronting on the court house circle, and so were narrowed in the front, widening out in the rear. There were about five hundred souls, all told. Thus, it was scarcely more than a settlement, and its future, in more ways than one, all lay before it. Small as it was, however, it could yet boast of the inevitable tavern, with its indipensable tap, where liquor was drank, not always by the glass, but more often out of a tin cup, and the habit of drinking was then as common a practice as it is now uncommon. This tavern was kept by a jolly fellow named Olney Payne, and the tap-room, which was also the office, was the general lounging-place for the villagers. The landlord thoroughly believed in the saying, "laugh and grow fat," and practiced the same upon his guests, by provoking rounds of laughter from them over his funny stories. At this tavern Mr. Thrall located himself, at two dollars a week for his board and lodging. Money was then but little known, a great deal. of the business being done through barter. This, Mr. Thrall soon found out, and so he arranged to pay his board as he was paid, that is, by orders upon the establishments for whom the printing office was doing work.   At the time of Mr, Thrall's location in Circleville, he describes the general situation, as follows:   " The country was then emerging from the effects of the war of 1812, which effects were most disastrous to the growth and progress of this then frontier region. There were then no great thoroughfares in Ohio to hear off the surplus products of the soil. Railroads were not even thought off, and canals only heard of as the topic of speculative enterprise on the one hand, and of vituperative ridicule on the other, by the politicians of New York. We much question whether there was a single mile of macadamized turnpike in all the southern half of the State. The periodical January and June freshets in the Scioto were the sole reliance for getting off to a precarious market the surplus products of this whole region ; and many were the lives sacrificed to that perilous trade. The financial expedients consequent upon the war, or, perhaps, inseparable from the formation of new and remote settlements, had destroyed every safeguard to a prudent and prosperous business. Currency, such as it was, was sufficiently abundant, but actual bona fide cash was quite another thing. "Owl creek," and "coon box," and " muttontown," were household words applied to the apology for a currency, but real cash dollars were almost unknown. Whiie one dollar in cash could not be realized for a hundred pounds of flour, coffee was retailing at fifty cents a pound ; and it was thought a peculiar hardship when the merchants refused " cut quarters," and required round silver in payment, which. became the case soon after the inventive genius of the time suggested the practicability of realizing five "cut quarters" from a dollar."   What a piece of photography is this description, and what a change has the last half century wrought in the section described ! No man in the country contributed more towards it than did Mr. Thrall through that pen, which in his hand, was certainly " mightier than the sword."   Mr. Thrall did not long remain journeyman printer in the office of the Olive Branch. He formed a partnership with Mr. Joseph Olds, and they purchased the establishment. His next step, a year later, was to purchase his partner, Mr. Olds' interest, and thus at the age of twenty-one, he became the sole owner and editor of the Olive Branch, which he continued to own and edit either under that name, or that of the Herald, for twenty-five yers.   Characteristic of the spirit which animated our young republican editor, he adopted as the motto for his editorial head, that line from the immortal bard of Avon,   HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 221   which he puts into the mouth of the wary Cassius, " I was born free as Caesar ; so were you."   Still later in his journalistic experience, he transposed and modified the name of his paper so as to read Circleville Herald and Olive Branch. In a letter upon the subject in after life, he says :   " A whole chapter might be exhausted in assigning reasons for this change. Suffice it to say that times were sadly out of joint—a radical change was being assiduously infused into the spirit of our public institutions—the executive was rapidly absorbing both the other branches of the government, and we were making railroad speed towards absolutism."   The paper was outspoken in denunciation of these perilous innovations, and the switch with which it scourged was anything but a mild and peaceful olive.   Thus, forty years after it occurred, he tells us that his paper was too belligerent to be sailing under such peace, ful colors, and so he must needs put them in the background. What delicacy of feeling does it not disclose! And this gives us the opportunity to say that William B. Thrall, whether with friend or foe, or in whatever capacity in life, always and everywhere, was just what he seemed to be. This refined sentiment, that in his early life induced him to make the above change in his newspaper, because he was engaged in a warfare, while it was an emblem of peace, went with him through life, and when the r candle was flickering in the socket, it shone out brighter than ever.   The purchase of the Olive Branch thus early in life, illustrates one of Mr. Thrall's striking characteristics: that of steadfastness of purpose. The reader will remember how, at the age of fourteen, he resolved to become a journalist, and, while he was learning the manual part of the business, how he was also practicing epistolary correspondence and writing articles for publication, besides seizing every spare moment to store his mind with useful knowledge, and here he had accomplished his intention upon the very first opportunity which had opened to him.   We say they "purchased" the Olive Branch, when we should have said that they bargained for the purchase. Neither of the partners had any money, and so they simply agreed to pay four hundred dollars as fast as the office earned it !   So much confidence had Mr. Thrall inspired in himself, that his late employers did not even require a note for the purchase money.   As an editor, Mr. Thrall rapidly developed the faculty of saying whatever he meant, and observed the habit of meaning what he said. Disdaining alike concealment and equivocation, it was always known where he might be found, and there was no mistaking his position. Entering upon his duties with fundamental rules like these for his guide, he was ever prompt to contend for what he regarded as the right; and, prompted by feelings of the highest patriotism, it is not surprising that, in a career of much longer duration than falls to the lot of most editors, he found frequent occasion to shiver a lance with an adversary. Nor was he found either slow or unwilling in defence of his principles, when assailed by a foeman worthy of his steel.   The office throve under Thrall & Olds' administration; but the latter, feeling that there was not a sufficient support for two persons in a village newspaper, and desiring to enter upon-the study of law, offered his share to his partner for three hundred dollars, to be paid at convenience.   This offer disclosed another life trait in Mr. Thrall's, character—extreme caution. Instead of accepting the offer at once, he waited to consult his brother, Walter, who advised him by all means to purchase ; and so anxious was Walter, for his brother's sake, that he insisted upon going at once to find Mr. Olds and close up the ' bargain. They finally found him a couple of miles from the village, at Mr. Short's, a shrewd farmer, whom he had gone out to consult as to the advisability of the proposed sale. Mr. Thrall informed his partner at once that he would take his interest at the price named, but was answered that, upon consultation with his adviser, the farmer, he had decided not to sell for less than four hundred dollars. The purchase was a desirable one, and so Mr. Thrall accepted the increased price, thus having to pay one hundred dollars for his caution. Two hundred dollars, his share of the first purchase, and now four hundred dollars for his partner's interest, put Mr. Thrall in debt six hundred dollars, which he had to pay from the earnings of the office, besides keeping it up and giving him a support. Every business man knows how difficult it is to accomplish this task. Six hundred dollars now seems like a very small sum, but at the day of which we are writing, it was a great deal of money.   Doubtless it was the work of years; with the closest management, to lay by the means from the revenues of his office, to cancel this debt; and in order to accomplish it at all, for a long time the sole employee of his office was a boy, whose parents deputized the young editor to scold if he did not do right, and this failing, to whip.   The press was a "Ramage," the kind used by Benjamin Franklin. The ink was put on by means of a ball, and it was difficult to spread it even, so as to get a good impression; nor was this at all accomplished in the office of the Olive Branch until Mr. Thrall, finally taking advantage of the parental authority with which he had been deputized, several times administered the birch, and at last, either because the boy had learned, or through fear of further castigation, he managed to do his work well.   A year after Mr. Thrall's arrival in Circleville he had the satisfaction of being able to leave the tavern for a pleasant home with his brother Walter, who married at that time.   Illustrative of the general scarceness of this early day, it is recorded that the newly-married couple could only find six plates in the village of Circleville, this being the entire stock of crockery ware in the settlement ; and for cups and saucers they were forced to wait until some one visited the then far off pretentious town of Chillicothe.   Three years after Mr. Thrall's settlement in Circleville, in 1822, he was married to Nancy Graham, who died the following year. Two years later, in 1825, he maried   222 - HISTORY OF FRANK LIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.   Maria Rockwell, who still survives him. Out of nine children, as the fruits of this marriage, four only reached maturity. Thus, grief was not an unfrequent visitor to this household, and the chastening hand showed itself in its softening influence upon the father. The names of the children who reached maturity, and who, save one, are still living, are William Rockwell, Caroline Maria, Henry, and Theron Russell. They have all done credit to their ancestor.   When Mr. Thrall first located in Circleville the postmaster was George Wolfley. He died in 1822, and his last request made to Mr. Thrall was that his widow should be his successor in office, as her only means of support. Mr. Thrall at once made application to Mr. Adams for Mrs. Wolfley's appointment, but, to the great disappointment of all, was informed that it was against the rules of the department to appoint a woman. Not to be thwarted, however, in the accomplishment of the husband's dying request, he made application for the place for himself, which was successful, and, notwithstanding his other tasks, he himself performed all the duties of the office during his entire term, save the receiving and distributing of the mails, which was done by the widow Wolfley, turning over to her every penny of its revenues.   Mr. Wolfley was only one of the many, who, in the few years of our young journalist's residence in Circleville, had learned to love him for his many good traits of character, and so he was constantly being sought for as an adviser and friend in distress; and this increased from year to year during his residence of a quarter of a century in Circleville, and never was he known to turn a deaf ear to the cry of distress, or to close his voice when his advice was sought.   His leadership in Circleville commenced with his residence, and this as strikingly illustrated in the rapidity with which the habit of whiskey-drinking, hitherto so prevalent, either disappeared or became disreputable, and ere long the general tone of this western settlement commenced to improve; not that Mr. Thrall's example alone accomplished this good work. All that can be claimed for him is that he was one of the leaders; and as it was his wont always to vigorously denounce whatever he disbelieved, just as he always strenuously advocated his beliefs—and, moreover, being at the head of the newspaper, and so preaching his weekly sermons—all this made him a powerful factor in the accomplishment of good; and it is therefore safe to say that no one did more for the general advancement than he.   The Herald, under his administration, at once conceived the true sphere of the local •newspaper, that of publishing the news—and so, with the rest, there was always a faithful record of marriages and deaths. As an illustration of his graceful style at an early age, we give below one of the first of the former notices to appear: "Joining of the cereals at : Alfred Corn was married to Julia Wheat." A highly complimentary notice of one John Welker, deceased, also appeared about this time, the circumstances of which Mr. Thrall delighted to relate as one of the humorous incidents of his early life. John's father was a German, and, upon his son's death, he at once proceeded to the Herald office, and, in his broken speech, said: "Mr. Drall, my son Shon he go died last night, und I wants you to put him in the newsbaper, und gif him a goot recomadation; for Shon vas a goot poy."   We have said that at this time money was but little known. This, first the Olive Branch, and then the Herald, fully testifies to, by such notices as the following :   "A few well-dressed buck-skins are wanted at this office in payment of debts."   " Maple sugar will be received, at the market price, on subscription, or in payment of debts, at the Olive Branch."   "Bacon hams will be received in payment of debts due the printer, if delivered soon; also, the hind-quarters of beef."   There was an epicure about somewhere when this last advertisement was penned, to only want the hind-quarters of the beef !   "Those who have engaged to pay the printer in wood, are requested to deliver it now."   Which meant that the cold days were at hand, with no money to buy fuel. And, finally, in one of his early years, when, it may be, debts were pressing for payment, there appeared the following:   WANTED, IMMEDIATELY!   375 bushels of wheat. 120 barrels of flour. 530 gallons of whiskey. 24o weight bacon. 400 weight of sugar, &c. 575 dollars in cash!   The highest market price will be allowed for any of the above articles, in payment of debts due me (special contracts exceptea), if delivered by the first of June next.    W. B. THRALL. What the " &c." was to the sugar, and how he could regulate the market price of "575 dollars in cash," are mysteries, if they do not mean irony; and then, what in the world was he going to do with so much whiskey, if, indeed, it was not, as is likely, the most marketable article on his list. Not only was the newspaper offering to take in exchange, for debts due it, almost every conceivable article, but it was well sprinkled with advertisements of those in all classes of business who were also willing, indicating that a system of general traffic, with but little exchange of money, was the order of the day.   About the time Mr. Thrall's last advertisement, just quoted, appeared (then contemplating marriage), he had purchased the ground on which he afterwards erected a fine residence, and where he continued to live during his sojourn in Circleville, but which, at the date of purchase, could only boast of a log cabin, which, when weather-boarded, constituted his new home. It is more than likely, that either the whole or part of the purchase price of this was the articles enumerated in the advertisements, and that he hit upon this plan to at once collect up his debts and utilize the barter in the purchase of a home. It is evident that with all the offers of our young journalist to receive his pay in any sort of barter, it was yet either impossible, or up-hill business, to accomplish it, to his entire satisfaction, as the following notice indicates :   "Dr. Ezekiel F. Eastman, of Fayette county, Ohio, after reaping the fruits of our labor, and being called upon to discharge his account,   HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 223   amounting to seven dollars and fifty cents, resorted to the miserable subterfuge of denying our accounts. We have resolved to publish to the world the names of such other gentlemen as may have recourse to similar means to defraud us of our just clues."   As no further advertisement of this character appeared, the remedy must have been effectual.   When we have told the reader that in addition to these advertisements for barter, among which was that of an enterprising merchant who was willing to pay thirty-seven and a half cents a bushel for wheat, in exchange for debts due him or for goods ; and another who was willing to pay the market price in the same way for as much as a thousand bushels of corn. There were three for estray horses and estray indentured boys, and that they were a large part of the advertisements —when the reader knows this, on the principle that the advertisements of a community index its occupation, he will have an excellent idea of how these early settlers were largely employed.   At the time of Mr. Thrall's settlement in Circleville, there was an Episcopal organization and a Masonic lodge in the village, both of which he soon joined, and thus early in life he surrounded himself with these safeguards, and laid the foundation for the substantial service which through his long life he rendered in these causes.   He was at once assigned to the position of secretary both in the church and the lodge, and rapidly advanced until he was warden in the church and master of his lodge, which positions he continued to occupy during his residence in Circleville. It would be impossible to overrate his services in these two fields. At the date of his enlistment their existence was scarcely more than in name. The church had no roof to cover it, and so was compelled to worship in the court house—no preacher, and so there had to be lay reading. The workers in the lodge were both few and new, and so they wrought but little, and, that crudely.   What is true of an army is equally true of a church or a lodge ; in order to succeed there must be a leader, and he of the right sort. Mr. Thrall was largely that in St. Phillip's church, while in the lodge he Was entirely so. It is much when we can say of a man that he honored Masonry ; it is all, when we can say that he honored religion. Truthfully can we say these of William B. Thrall. With such and kindred duties added to his journalistic, it is easy to see that Mr. Thrall had little leisure to listen to Olney Payne's jolly tavern stories, or ever to become one of the village loungers. To him life was too earnest and real for such pastimes. There was the purchase of his newspaper, and a little later that of a home, all to be paid out of his earnings. His charitable contributions, which he distributed with a liberal hand even while yet in this slough of indebtedness, with his dread of being in debt, came the mighty desire to be rid of it, to accomplish which his good sense told him there was not a penny to be spent needlessly, or an hour to be wasted on frivolity. And yet if he chanced to stop to or from his meals for a moment in the tap room, there was always a welcome for him. Thus the life of rectitude and morality he had marked out for himself was not to be one that would repulse those who might act or think differently from him. He was in the community, his course declared, and more than the words he would Utter, was the life he would live, to be the example to follow. Not that he was ever otherwise than outspoken as to his unbelief, or that he was even tolerant of the opinions of others when opposed to his; because with his great sincerity of character it could not be otherwise than that he believed what he advocated, and in fact with his clearness of perception, it seldom was otherwise; but he had such a happy way of expressing himself that all personal enmity as against him, fell to the ground. We think • the term of being universally popular could be applied to him as appropriately as it can ever be to any one. Illustrative of this is an event which occurred considerably later. When he was at the head of the Ohio State Journal, Samuel Medary was at the head of the Ohio Statesman, the former being the leading Whig editor of the State, the latter the leading Democratic editor. There were years of bitter warfare between the two, and yet when Mr. Medary died, his relatives came to Mr. Thrall to write his obituary, which he did.   The first public office Mr. Thrall was elected to was in 1829, that of recorder of the town. His published report of its expenses, under his administration, for the year was: Receipts, one hundred and forty-one dollars and thirty-one cents; expenditures, one hundred and twenty-five dollars and fifty-three cents, which was pronounced by all to be a model of public frugality. In 183o he was advanced to the position of mayor of Circleville, and so popular was his administration that he was annually reelected for eight successive years; once unanimously, and once with only five dissenting votes. In 1837, he was elected from Pickaway county to the general assembly of Ohio. He was now an accomplished journalist, with a State reputation as such. Consequently a hearty reception greeted him at the capital, and he at once assumed the prominent position in the legislature which his talents merited. In 1839, he was elected a director in the Circleville and Washington turnpike company, just then being organized, and contributed largely, by his influence, to the successful accomplishment of this then very important work.   Mr. Thrall's two winters in the legislature brought him into intimate personal relations with the newspaper men of Columbus, the consequence of which was that he spent one or two winters later at the capital as the reporter of legislative proceedings, in which capacity he gave great satisfaction and made many friends.   In 1845 he was appointed, by the legislature, a judge of the court of common pleas in Pickaway county, which office he resigned in 1846, and moved to Columbus for the purpose of taking the editorial chair of the Ohio State Journal, he already having become part owner of the same. For some years previous, owing to his official and many other duties, Mr. Thrall had associated with him, in the operative department of the Herald, Mr. Jason Case, who assumed control of the paper upon Mr. Thrall's departure to Columbus, though, for several years, he held his interest in the Herald, and furnished the leading editorials.   224 - HISTORY OF FR ANK LIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO.   During his twenty-five years in Circleville, there had been no great apparent growth. All that could be said in its favor was, that it was laying the foundation for its future prosperity. The country was slowly filling with people, farms were being opened, and - an outlet for its products, through the establishment of its canals, had been accomplished, and to which the Herald had given its best efforts, as it did to everything that tended to the public good.   Thus, at the age of forty-eight, Judge Thrall passed from his local sphere to one which comprised the whole State. It was with less reluctance that he did so because, as we have said, there had been no great increase in Circleville, while in Columbus the increase had been decided. But notwithstanding these facts, and the further one that his ripened capacity called for a larger sphere of usefulness, he did not make up his mind with alacrity to bid adieu to Circleville. On the contrary, it required many months of urging from those interested in having him take charge of the Journal, before they could secure his.consent. It is safe to say that never an office or an advancemet came to this man through any solicitation of his, and particularly was this true in this case. So far as the promise of profit, it was not good. The Democrats were in power in both the State and Nation, so there was not a vestige of public patronage to be had. If the paper was to be sustained, it must be by the voluntary patronage of the people. As a financial venture it was, therefore, uncertain, and with his great dread of being involved in debt, he hesitated. Then there was, to this man of modest merit, the immense responsibility of having to be the leading • teacher of his party, as he would be, the paper being the State organ of the Whigs. Lastly, there were all the associations surrounding his long residence in Circleville. These are generally strong, but with his temperament they were especially so. His warm affections for, and devotion to, his friends and relatives, his pleasant home, and his church—all these held him with the power of cable chains, and he finally secured his consent to leave them all, much as the brave soldier secures his consent to go into battle—simply from a sense of duty.   As the result shows, he had spent more than half of his business life in Circleville, and it was, moreover, that part of it when the growth is rapid and strong, the tendrils of his being running out and taking deep root in the hearts and friendships of those with whom he was surrounded. Very safe, even then, would it have &en to predict what afterwards followed—that however absorbing a field of usefulness there was before him, however much he might do honor to what he was about then, or might, in the near future undertake, never, in the new home, would there spring such friendships and affections as he was then leaving.   In the paper of October 22, 1846, appeared this simple announcement, penned by his predecessor:   "The journal will hereafter be published and conducted by William B. Thrall, whose experience as an editor and publisher is widely known."   A few days later came this notice:   " The editor craves the indulgence of the public, and especially of his brothers of the press, for a brief season, during which he will be principally engaged in those domestic arrangements so necessary to his comfort, and, consequently, to an acceptable discharge of his ordinary labors. So soon as the arrangements can he consummated he will be faithfully at his post."   And then is added the language of a torn heart :   " A home for a quarter of a century can hardly be broken up and remodeled in a day."   The Journal continued under this management until the spring of 185o. Its career was remarkable for purity of purpose, vigor, and general ability, fully justifying the expectations of Judge Thrall's most ardent friends. From a journalist of State reputation, this ordeal ripened him into one of national reputation.   During Judge Thrall's journalistic career, and lasting with their lives, he made unto himself two idols—Henry Clay and Thomas Corwin. The latter became his intimate and warm personal friend. And so, when, in 1852, under President Taylor, Mr. Corwin found himself secretary of the treasury, he expressed a strong desire to have his favorite Ohio editor occupy a position under him. Unfortunately for Judge Thrall, but fortunately for the accomplishment of Secretary Corwin's wish, he was at this time having a tedious lawsuit—his first and last one—for the recovery of the money he had invested in the Journal, which was most of his savings for the twenty-five years previous, and, until the suit was decided, he was in no condition to embark in a new enterprise, and not then, of course, if the case went against him. So, during the years 1852, 1853, and 1854, he was at the head of a bureau at Washington, at the end of 'which time he had the satisfaction of recovering his money in full, whereupon he reluctantly said good-bye to his chief and dear, devoted friend, and gladly returned to his family, in Columbus.qt This was Judge Thrall's first and only financial embarrassment, and, while the suit was pending which was to decide his fate, he always found a wise counsellor in Mr. Corwin.   Upon Judge Thrall's return from Washington he found occupation for his pen in his old place in the State Journal, and shortly thereafter he also became the Columbus correspondent of several of the leading newspapers in the State—among them, early in 1856, over the name of "Spectator," in the Cincinnati Comnie?cial, who thus introduces him to its readers:   "We are glad to be able to say to the readers of the Commercial that we have succeeded in securing the services of a gentleman of talents, character, and experience, as our correspondent at the seat of government. His letters will present a refreshing contrast to the heterogeneous collections of bald gossip, silly conjecture, groundless rumor\ and malicious misrepresentations, that, coming from nobody and having neither sense nor authenticity, are palmed off on the public as truth, in regard to the doings at the capital. We believe that our Columbus correspondent is destined to acquire a wide popularity with the readers of the Commercial.   The following year Judge Thrall was the " Pontiac" of the Sandusky [Ohio] Register. His correspondence with these newspapers had a wonderful run, being largely copied by the press, and taken as standard authority. Closing the year's correspondence, the Sandusky Register says:   "We to-day give to our readers the last of our esteemed Columbus correspondent's letters for the season. It is with regret we part with