HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 525 son, and Hawes, officiated as pastors. In the fall of the latter year, Rev. H. R. Nye became the pastor of the society, and continued in that relation till April, 1859. Mr. Nye was followed by Rev. Thomas Gorman, whose ministry began in the winter of 1859, and closed in 1861. Rev. J. S. Cantwell succeeded Mr. Gorman, and continued till 1865, when he was succeeded by Rev. A. W. Bruce, who resigned in 1868. Rev. T. Gorman acted as temporary supply until September, 1869, when Rev. E. L. R Reexford, the pastor in 1872, was called from Cincinnati. The officers of the society, at that date, were: O. F. Evans, president; A. B. Robinson, secretary; G. W. Sinks, treasurer; John Field, Isaac Eberly, E. T. Hancock, B. F. Martin, and Thomas Lough, trustees. In 1872, the society numbered one hundred and sixty, and the number of church members was one hundred and fifteen. There were also one hundred and forty pupils in the Sunday-school. The Rev. T. P. Abell is the present pastor. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCHES-FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. On the twenty-sixth of September, 1852, a certificate of dismission was given to forty-two members of the Second Presbyterian church, "for the purpose of being organized into a new church, to be called the Third Presbyterian church of Columbus." This organization was completed on the twenty-ninth of the same month, the church thus formed adopting rules of government identical with those of the church from which they came; that is, partly Presbyterian and partly Congregational. Under that name the church continued over three years, being, during that time, under the pastoral care of the Rev. Wm. H. Marble. The first officers were as follows: Warren Jenkins, M. B. Bateham, J. W. Hamilton, L. L. Rice, elders; T. S. Baldwin, L. L. Rice, F. C. Sessions, trustees. On the third of November, 1856, by a unanimous vote of the members, the name was changed to that of the First Congregational church of Columbus, thus conforming altogether to the polity of that denomination. Rev. J. M. Steele was installed as pastor on the' seventh of the same month. The very acceptable labors of Mr. Steele were cut short by his sudden death, from small-pox, in the city of New York, April 5, 1857. Rev. N. A. Hyde, of New York, officiated as stated supply from December, 1857, to June 1, 1858. The handsome church edifice, on Broad street, facing the State house square, was dedicated December 21, 1857. The Rev. Henry B. Elliott, from Connecticut, was installed November 9, 1858, and continued as pastor until May 1860. Rev. Edward P. Goodwin, from Vermont, was installed February 26, 1861, continuing his pastorate until December 15, 1867, when he resigned to accept a call to Chicago. Rev. George W. Phillips, from Massachusetts, was installed as Mr. Godwin's successor, May 12, 1868, and resigned his pastorate in 1871. Rev. Robert G. Hutchins, the present pastor, accepted a call, and entered upon his labors in this church on Sunday, October 27, 1872. Marked prosperity attended the labors of the foregoing pastors; six hundred and fifty-one members having been received into the church up to the close of Mr. Phillips' pastorate, in 1871; the membership at that time being about three hundred. The church building had just been remodeled and enlarged, and a building for Sunday-school and social purposes, adjoining the church, erected at a cost of about twenty-five thousand dollars. WELSH PRESBYTERIAN, OR CONGREGATIONAL, CHURCH. This church was organized by the Rev. Dr. James Hoge, pastor of the First Presbyterian church, about Christmas, 1837. The membership, at first, was but twelve, and the first officers were: David Davis, elder, and William Jones, deacon. The church has met every Sunday for worship, and kept up a regular Sunday-school, since its organization, though it has been, much of the time, without a pastor. The first preacher was Hugh Price, who took charge of the church in 1838, and continued his pastorate about two years, preaching, however, only half of the time. His successors were: Rev. Seth Powell, for four years, and Rev. James Price for a year and a half. After a vacancy, during which there was only occasional preaching, the Rev. B. Evans was engaged fop a year and a half; Rev. Reese Powell, for five years; Rev. John H. Jones, for four years; Rev. Reese Powell, being engaged a second time, remained ten years (till 1869); Rev. John Jones was then engaged for about a year and a half. After this, Rev. Mr. Evans, a resident of the city, preached occasionally, but the church was, for some time, without a settled pastor. For sevelial years after its organization, the meetings of the church were held in various places, and sometimes at the residence of David Davis. Finally, a brick school-house, on the corner of Fourth and Oak streets, was rented, and there the congregation met until its present house of worship was built, in r845, on the north side of Town street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. The Town Street church was incorporated April 10, 1872, under the name of the "Welsh Congregational church," with the following persons named as trustees: David Price, John Davies, John Bain, Richard Brown, and Jonathan Stephens. Though reduced, in 1849, to its original number, twelve, by a large number of its members leaving to help form the Welsh Methodist Calvanistic church, it has now 1879] a membership of over eighty, and is doing active missionary work among the Welsh people who come to the city. The Rev. John Jones is the present pastor. HIGH STREET CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was organized March 9, 1872, twenty-seven members from the First church having been dismissed at their own request, for the purpose, and eleven from other churches uniting. in the organization. The corner-stone of a church edifice, to be erected on the west side of High street, north of Capital university (now Park hotel), was laid on Monday, September 9, 1872. The structure gives ample evidence of the wise liberality of the new congregation, and is located in the midst of an intelligent and rapidly increasing population. Rev. S. M. Merrill was first placed in charge of the church, services being held in a temporary chapel until the church was completed. Mr. Merrill was succeeded by 526 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Rev.. A. H. Ross, in February, 1873. The present pastor is the Rev. E. K. Squires. The church, including the ground, cost about twenty thousand dollars. The first officers of the church were as follows: S. M. Hotchkiss, C. H. Walker, L. P. Rose, W. Jenkins, deacons ; E. C. Beach, clerk and treasurer; W. A. Hershiser, S. E. Samuel, and David Price, trustees. NORTH COLUMBUS CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was organized about the year 1874, the Rev. James Harris being the first pastor, and continuing in that relation to the church until 1878, when he resigned. The Rev. Mr. Jones is acting pastor of the church at present—August, 1879. ST. PAUL'S GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. This is one of the oldest church organizations in the city, its origin dating back as far as 1821. For many years it was without a church edifice, its services being held in a frame building on Third street. Several pastors served the congregation previous to 1843, when the Rev. Conrad Mees, the present pastor, assumed the charge. In 1844, a large brick church edifice was built on the southwest corner of High and Mound streets. Like most of the German congregations in this country, its growth was attended by many severe trials, both internal and external. A sad calamity befell the society, in the autumn of 1866, in the destruction of their church, by fire, twelve years after it was built. With the church, an organ, said to be the finest in the city, was also destroyed, there being no insurance on either. But this new calamity, as has often been observed in other destructions by fires, developed an unsuspected strength in the struggling congregation. Through the unaided exertions of the society, the first anniversary of the fire was celebrated by the consecration of a new church, though not entirely completed. The church has a very desirable location, and the congregation, said to be one of the largest in the city, has, for more than twenty years, occupied its rebuilt edifice. It is most creditable, to both pastor and people, that for thirty-six years, the bond which should unite the pastor to his flock, has been held too sacred to be -sundered for 'a trivial cause. The Sunday-school and choir of St. Paul's German Lutheran church, naturally partaking of this conservative element, have passed through a quarter of a century without any change in their organization, or interruption in their regular Sunday offices—content to walk with the same pastor in the old paths. UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST. In the year 1866, was organized the First United Brethren church. The church edifice is located on the south side of Town street, between Fourth and Fifth streets. The church property is .valued at fifteen thousand dollars. Rev. W. B. Davis was the first pastor, Rev. James H. Dickson, being the pastor in 1872. The trustees at that date were Samuel Hively, John Help-man, and Isaac Winter. There were also, at the same date, forty-four members, and a Sunday-school with sixty pupils. We applied for items of subsequent history, but none were furnished. OLIVE BRANCH CHURCH. This church, located in Neil's addition, near the Piqua railroad shops, was organized in 1867, by Rev. W. B. Davis after his retirement from the pastorate of the First church. The pastor in 1872 was Rev. W. H. Spencer. The trustees, at that time, were: George Davidson, John Nelson, Joseph Fuller, John Henvon, and William B. Davis. The church had at that time ninety members, and a Sunday-school of one hundred and ten pupils, with Samuel Mateer as superintendent. The property was then valued at three thousand five hundred 'dollars. GERMAN UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH. This church was organized in 1868. It is located on the south side of Friend street, east of Seventh. It had, in 1872, twenty-five members, and fifty pupils in the Sunday-school. The church property was then valued at four thousand dollars. No response was made to our circular requesting further information. TRINITY GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. This church was organized in 1847, by Rev. F. W. Lehman, its first, and to this date [1872], only pastor. Its first meetings were held in Mechanics' hall—afterwards in Mound street German church, and other places. Its present large church edifice, on the northeast corner of Third and South streets, was erected in 1856 and 1858, and will comfortably seat one thousand persons. The number of communicants in 1872, was five hundred and seventy-seven, and the Sunday school had an average attendance of about two hundred, they being also regular catechetical exercises on Sunday afternoons in the church, in presence of the congregation. This church is now [1879] under the pastoral care of the Rev. R. Herbst. There are, in connection with the church, three societies, having in view the furtherance of the interests of the congregation, called men's, women's, and youths' monthly meetings. Besides, most of the members of the congregation are attached to an association organized for the care and support of sick members. THE GERMAN INDEPENDENT PROTESTANT CHURCH. In February, 1843, a society was formed under this name, with the following officers: Louis Hoster, president; N. Maurer and Otto Frankenburg, vice-presidents; Peter Ambos and J. P. Bruck, secretaries; Jacob Silbernagle, treasurer. Rev. A. L. Begeman became the first pastor. In April, of the same year, a lot was purchased on Mound street, near Third, and the corner stone of the new church was laid, on the fifth of June, following, and on the seventh of December, the church was completed and dedicated. The church membership, in 1872, was two hundred and eighty-one; pupils in the Sunday-school, three hundred and ten. The pastor, in 1879, is the Rev. Christian Heddaeus. EMMANUEL'S CHURCH. Emmanuel's church, on Friend street, between Seventh and Washington avenue, is a mission of the German Evangelical Association, organized about the year 1857, by the Rev. John Barnhard. It numbered, in 1872, thirty-seven members. The trustees of the church HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 527 at that time were C. Emrich, P. Schneider, and J. Ruppesberger. There are about seventy-five pupils in the Sunday-school, and, at the above date, the Rev. Noah Schupp was pastor. He was succeeded by the Rev. D. H. Rosenburg, who is, at the present time, in charge of the congregation. THE HEBREW TEMPLE. About the year 1852, a congregation was formed, the few Israelites in the city having previously met, without. organization, in private rooms or rented halls. Joseph Gundersheimer was first president of the congregation, and S. Lazarus, who had filled a 'similar office in Germany, acted as minister, without compensation. His successors were: Revs. Messrs. Goodman, Weil, Hess, Lippman, Wetterham, Schoenberg, and Rosenthal. The present congregation, under the name of B'nai Israel, was formed August 12, 1868, with nineteen members. A handsome lot was purchased, on the northwest corner of Friend and Third streets, upon which the temple now stands, and for which five thousand dollars was paid. Liberal subscriptions to the building fund were obtained at the east, and elsewhere, as well as from the citizens of Columbus. The corner-stone of the temple was laid on Sunday, May I, 187o, and the temple was dedicated on the r6th of September, of the same year. Rev. Dr. J. Wechsler, of Nashville, Tennessee, became their minister. in August, 187o, though declining a more lucrative position tendered him at Selma, Alabama. The erection of the temple marks a new epoch in the history of the congregation, is the testimony of the present very able and popular pastor, the Rev. M. B. A. Bonheim. The "Min-hag America form of worship" has taken the place of that which prevailed previous to this latter compilation, by the very learned Dr. Isaac M. Wise, editor of the American Israelite, Cincinnati. It. is claimed that this "reformed worship," which has been very generally adopted in the Hebrew congregations throughout the United States, has done a great deal for the religious training, and mental and moral elevation of the Israelites in this country. The Hebrew temple is of the Franco-Italian style of architecture, and will seat three hundred worshipers. The present officers of the congregation are: Rudolph Hirschberg, president; R. Vogle, vice-president; Morris Mayer, secretary; J. Schonberg, treasurer ; H. Harmon, warden; Moses Kleeman, Sam'l Adler, Louis Kahn, M. Zinfeld, Judah Nusbaum, and A. Wise, trustees. There are also in the congregation the Ladies' Benevolent association; and the Ladies' association for the Cleveland Orphan asylum. There are also two Jewish secret lodges—the Independent Order of B'nai Brith, and the Independent Order of Kesher shel Barsel. Both have taken upon themselves the mission of uniting Israelites, in the work of promoting their highest interests, and those of humanity, and of defending, developing, and elevating the mental and moral character of the Jewish race. FIRST ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH is located on Rich street, between Seventh and Washington avenue. The church had not, until the year 1868, a permanent place of worship. The cost of the building, erected during that year, was about twelve thousand dollars. There is a church membership of fifty (in 1872), and there are sixty pupils in the Sunday-school. Rev. Joseph Beck was the first pastor; Frederic Bentz, and George Getz, elders; J. Zigler and John Hank, deacons; A. F. Zigler, John Bowman, and John Eny, trustees. THE CENTRAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH is located on the southeast corner of Gay and Third streets. The church had its origin in prayer meetings, held by a few persons in private houses, in October, 187o. In April, 1871, a call was tendered to the Rev. 1'. D. Garvin, of Cincinnati, to become the pastor of the church, which he accepted, and entered upon the duties of that office on the third Sunday of the month. The first officers of the church, were as follows: William Wallace, F. D. Pronty, William Williams, and Benjamin Styles, deacons; T. Ewing Miller, treasurer; F. D. Pronty, clerk ; T. Ewing Miller, William Williams, and James Archer, trustees. A lot was purchased, on the southeast corner of Third and Gay streets, for five thousand three hundred dollars. On the east end of this lot a temporary church building was erected, and opened for public worship, the third Sunday of May, 1872. A considerable portion of the funds, requisite to build a permanent brick structure, capable of seating a congregation of six or seven hundred, and to cost about twenty thousand dollars, had already been pledged outside of the city. The number of church members, at this time, was one hundred and five—the Sunday-school numbering one hundred and fifty-four. Benjamin Styles is the present superintendent, and Rev. Mills Harrod is the pastor. ST. JOHN'S GERMAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH. The pastors of the German Lutheran, St. Paul's, and Trinity churches, objecting to persons becoming members of their respective congregations, who continued to act as members of secret organizations, caused a withdrawal of some twenty-six persons from the two congregations, who held a meeting at the residence of Jacob Bleile, in June, 1872, for the purpose of organizing a new congregation. At a second meeting, held in the old City hall, July 17th, the constitution for the new society,. to be known as the St. John's German Protestant Evangelical church, was adopted, and fifty-six signatures obtained to the same. The membership, in 1872, was one hundred and fifty; the Sunday-school numbering one hundred and ten pupils. Rev. William Purpus was the first pastor, and John Burkhardt, superintendent of the Sunday-school ; John W. Richenbacher, president ; Andrew Schwarz, secretary; George P. Schroll, treasurer; who, with John Burkhardt, are the trustees. The Rev. William Purpus resigned in June, 1879, and returned to Germany, and his successor, Rev. I. I. Weiss, entered upon his labors August r, 1879. FRIENDS' MEETING. A Friends' meeting-house was built on Ohio avenue, between Oak and Broad streets, in 1873-4. It is a commodious brick structure, with a basement for Sunday-school purposes. There are some forty members belonging to the meeting, and the Sunday-school numbers 528 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. fifty or sixty pupils. Religious services are kept up every Lord's day. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. COLUMBUS FEMALE BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. This, the parent society of most of the benevolent institutions of the city of Columbus, was organized January 5, 1835, at the old Town Street Methodist Episcopal church. The constitution presented to the first meeting, by Mrs. John Patterson, was adopted, and one hundred and seven members secured. The first officers of the society, were: Mrs. James Hoge, president; Mrs. E. W. Sehon, vice-president; Mrs. Noah H. Swayne, treasurer; and Miss Maria Kelley (now Mrs. Judge Bates), secretary. The board of managers were: Mrs. William M. Awl, Mrs. Demas Adams, Mrs. Ralph Osborne, Mrs. Moses Jewett, Mrs. Samuel Crosby, Mrs. John Bailhach, Mrs. Benjamin Blake, Mrs. Joseph Ridgway, Mrs. D. Woodbury, and Mrs. A. Vanhorn. The city, in 1835, had a population of about four thousand, and visiting committees were appointed at the first business meeting, for each of the three wards, or districts, into which the city was then divided. A purchasing committee was also appointed, consisting of Mrs. John Patterson and Mrs. N. H. Swayne, "to buy cloth to be made into such articles as may be necessary." The object of the society was declared to be, to devise and carry out a systematic plan for the temporary relief of the poor. The constitution provided that the relief should be so administered as to encourage industry and independent exertion for support. The sick, the old and infirm, widows and very young and destitute children, were to be the first objects of attention. On the sixth of April, 1836, the society formed an auxiliary, to educate the children of the poor. That branch of the work was taken in charge by the following ladies: Mrs. A. P. Stone, Mrs. Isaac Dalton, Mrs. William Preston, Mrs. J. B. Crist, Mrs. Dr. Lathrop, Mrs. Noah A. Swayne, Mrs. Isban, Mrs. I. G. Dryer, and Mrs. James Cherry. In 1837, Mr. Alfred Kelley donated to the society a lot as a site for a school-house. During the same year, Messrs. D. T. Woodbury, Joseph Ridgway, jr., and P. B. Wilcox, were constituted an advisary board. These were the only gentlemen ever connected with the society. A small school-house was built on the lot on Fourth street, donated by Mr. Kelley, and a free school was opened and continued for eight or nine years, or until the free school system, under the State law, went into operation in this city. The lot and building were afterwards sold for five hundred dollars, and the money placed at interest for the benefit of the society, so that Mr. Kelley's donation, in 1837, forms the foundation of a permanent fund, which promises, with God's blessing, to increase with the increasing demands of a growing population. The society was incorporated by an act of the legislature, passed March 5, 1838. Section first, of this act, reads as follows: Be it enacted, by the general assemby of the State of Ohio, Mary P. Cressy, Maria M. Espy, Sarah Asberry, Maria S. Preston, Mary S. Kelley, Caroline Dryer, Keziah B. Stone, and their associates, being females, who now are, or who may hereafter, agreeably to the constitution and by-laws of the "Columbus Female Benevolent society," become members thereof, are declared a body corporate, with perpetual succession, for the purpose of administering to the wants, and alleviating the distress of the poor and afflicted of their own sex, and of affording moral, physical and intellectual instruction and improvement to orphans and other poor children. This act of incorporation provides, in its third section, that the amount of property, which can be held by the society, shall not exceed, in value, fifty thousand dollars. (Why?) The fee for membership is one dollar per year. Twenty-five dollars paid at one time constitutes a life member. Of these, the society received, in the first thirty-seven years of its existence, but three—Mrs. John N. Champion, whose name is first on this list, and who became -a life member in 1855, and Misses Kate and Mary E. Deshler, whose names were added in 1871. In a little more than six years, following 1872, twenty life members were added to the society—ten being received in 1876, and ten in 1877. Will the annual reports for 1878 and 1879, make as honorable a record ? The tender age of four of the recently added life members, suggests a source from which the society should realize large additions in the future. If fathers and mothers would make this fee for life membership a thank-offering at the christening of their little daughters, and teach them " so soon as they shall be able to learn," that in this act they were consecrated to labors of love for the poor and him that hath no helper, how much more equitable than now would be the division between that which is lent to the Lord, and that which is lavished upon the world. The permanent fund of the society has been derived, principally, from bequests and life memberships—the largest bequest, previous to 1872, being that of the late Dr. Lincoln Goodale, amounting to about fourteen thousand dollars. The amount of funds invested is nineteen thousand four hundred and fifteen dollars. There is also a bequest, from John G. Deshler, of twenty-five thousand dollars, the proceeds of which are not yet received by the society. Prior to the year 1857, the following ladies had successively filled the office of president of the society: Mrs. Dr. Hoge, Mrs. General Patterson, Mrs. Isaac Dalton, Mrs. T. R. Cressy, Mrs. William Preston, Mrs. Alfred Kelley, Mrs. I. G. Dryer, Mrs. A. D. Lord, and Mrs. J. L. Bates. The following is a list of life members, to 1878: Mrs. J. N. Champion, Miss Kate Deshler, Miss Mary E. Deshler, Mrs. Godfrey Robinson, Mrs. Louisa M. Gwynne, Mrs. F. C. Sessions, Mrs. William G. Deshler, Miss Elizabeth Greene Deshler, Mrs. Harriet E. Ide, Miss Julia Ide, Mrs. John C. Deshler, Mrs. George M. Parsons, Mrs. Ezra Bliss, Mrs. Samuel Galloway, Miss Katharine B. Ide, Mrs. I). A. Randall, Mrs. Rufus W. Clark, Mrs. James L. Bates, Mrs. Robert G. Hutchins, Mrs. Herman M. Hubbard, Miss Kate Hunter, and Miss Ann Eliza Deshler. The following are the names of the present officers: Mrs. H. M. Hubbard, president; Mrs. Harriet E. Ide, vice-president; Mrs. W. A. Mahoney, secretary; Mrs. George J. Atkinson, treasurer. COLONEL ISAAC DALTON. The subject of this sketch is one of the older settlers of Franklin county, and his family genealogical record is of considerable interest. Philemon Dalton, Hannah, his wife, and Samuel, their son, came to this country from England in the ship "Increase," on the fifteenth of April, 1635-fifteen years after the landing of the Pilgrims. Samuel Dalton married three times, his third wife, Mehitabel Palmer, having many children-the eldest, Samuel Dalton. This Samuel married, and had one son, Isaac, who married, and had six children, viz.: Samuel, Abigail, Mary, Meriam, Moses, and Ruth. These .names are all given in a letter written by their father, Isaac Dalton, from the battle-field of Louisburg, in 1745, a copy of which is the possession of Benjamin Dalton Dorr, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Samuel Dalton, who was grandfather of the subject of this sketch, married Hannah Evans, and had ten children, viz.: Mollie, Hannah, Ruth, Isaac (father of the colonel), John, Jonathan, Abigail, Dorithy, Meriam, and Lucy. The full record of Samuel's family is in what is called the old Dalton Bible, now in possession of Benjamin Dalton Dorr, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Valuable information has been obtained, in the genealogical history of the Dalton family, from the "New England Genealogical and Historical Register," published quarterly at Boston since 1841, "Farmers' Genealogical Register," and "Shirtlieff's Records of Massachusetts." The said Isaac Dalton, sr. (father of the colonel), was born in Salisbury, Massachusetts, March 2, 1761. After serving through the Revolution as a soldier, he married Eleanor Merrill, who was born in Amesbury, Massachusetts, in 1763. They moved into New Hampshire, where they had fourteen children, six of whom only lived to grow up, viz.: Samuel, who married Judith Brown, and had three children: Hannah, who married John Stewart, and had six children: Nancy, who married Samuel Collins, and had ten children; Polly, who married William Merrill, and had one son; John E., who married Clarissa L. Cassett and Elizabeth Cassett, and had eight children, and Col. Isaac Dalton, who was born in Warner, New Hampshire, on May 27, 18o1, and baptized on September 13, 1801, by the Rev. William Kelley, pastor of the Congregational church. He experienced religion in the fall of 1821, and was received into the Congregational church, June 23, 1822, by Rev. John Woods, pastor. After holding various military positions, in 1831 he was commissioned by -the governor of the State of New Hampshire to serve as colonel of a regiment of State militia. He also held a prominent position in the masonic fraternity, having been exalted to the sublime degree of royal arch mason, and also, to that of royal and select master. He came to Columbus, Ohio, on September 15, 1831, and received dismission from and recommendation to the church, on June 20, 1833, by the Rev. Jubilee Wellman, pastor. He united with the First Presbyterian church, in July, 1833-the Rev. James Hoge, pastor. He was married to Elizabeth Foster, of Canterbury, New Hampshire, on October 27, 1834, who died November 28, 1841. He was elected and ordained elder in the First Presbyterian church, in the spring of 1835. His first child, Sarah Foster, was born October 25, 1836, and died August 8, 1837; the second, Joseph Merrill, was born February 9, 1839, and died October 8, 1846: the third, Alfred Foster, was born May 22, 1840, and died August 31, 1841: the fourth, Sarah Elizabeth, was born October 28, 1841, and died November 2, 1873. He was married to Elvira Stewart, of Columbus, on the twenty-eighth of December, 1843. By her, his first son, William, was born April 16, 1845, and died December 16,.1866: his second son, John Calvin, was born on May 31, 1849. During the colonel's early life, he lived on a farm with his parents, until about eighteen years of age, when he left home to follow the carpenter business, in which he was engaged nntil he came to Columbus. On April x, 1837, the trustees of the Institution for the Blind appointed him steward, and Mrs. Dalton, matron, to collect the pupils, and board and teach them. The institution was formally opened on July 4, 1837, under the charge of A. W. Penniman. He remained in the institution four years, until Mr. Wm. Chapin was appointed supetintendent, and took charge of the same. He then returned to his former occupation until 1859, when he commenced plane-making, and worked for the Ohio Tool company until April, 1862. He was at that time commissioned by Governor David Tod, to take charge of the sick and wounded soldiers arriving at the union depot, feeding them, and, when necessary, furnishing them with clothing, and assisting them to get transportation to their homes, or sending then to the hospital. He was here engaged at the Soldiers' Rest for over four years, until all the Union soldiers were discharged or returned home. During the prevalence of the cholera in 1849 and 1850, he was appointed by the city council, a member of the special board of health, to attend to all cholera patients, and see that they were supplied with good nurses, and make a full report of every case to them daily. He was thus engaged about three months each year. After his services at the Soldiers' Rest, he returned to his home near the court house, on south High street, which he purchased in 1834, where he has lived most of the time since that date. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 529 THE HARE CHARITY FUND. Jacob Hare, a native of Pennsylvania, came to Columbus in 1812. He was present at the first sale bf lots in the summer of that year, and bought a lot on High street, which he never suffered to pass out of his hands. His investments turned out well, and by these and the increased value of his real estate, he left at his death an estate variously estimated at from fifty to eighty thousand dollars. Mr. Hare died in this city on the third of November, 1860, in the eightieth year of his age. The balance of his estate, both real and personal, after the settlement thereof, and an annual allowance to his widow, was devised to the city of Columbus, to form a charity fund for the benefit of the poor and unfortunate of the city. This fund was to be forever under the control and management of the city council, who were not to diminish it below the original amount. The wish of the testator is more clearly defined, in the requirement, that at such time as the state of -the fund should justify it, a suitable building should be erected, to be named the Orphans' home, or Beneficial asylum. Mr. Hare appointed William T. Martin executor of his will, and in case of Mr. Martin's decease before that of the testator, he nominated James Cherry, executor. On the fifteenth of April, 1861, Mr. Donaldson presented to the city council a copy of Mr. Hare's will, which was referred to a standing committee, to be called the Hare charity fund committee, consisting of Messrs. Stauring, Wilson, and Comstock. The original bequest, about eighty thousand dollars (says Mr. Chadwick, chairman of the committee of council on the home, in 1872), was by a compromise, divided with the heirs of Mr. Hare, leaving about thirty-five thousand dollars, the interest of which only could be used for the maintainance of the home. This sum was, however, increased by the surrender, upon the part of the Ladies' Benevolent society, of Columbus, of their home, including the building and otheli property, valued at about eight thousand dollars, the city council, from the date of this transfer, assuming the entire control of the institution. The report from which these facts are gleaned, continues thus: That both parties to this transfer—ladies and city council—thought this action, at the time, a prudent, if not actually a necessary one, there can be no question; but that for the beneficiaries of the home, it was most unfortunate, every fact in its subsequent history fully confirms." The same report concludes in the following words of earnest wisdom : "The secretary can not well forbear, in view of the foregoing statements, to suggest, if it can he done in accordance with the provisions of Mr. Hare's will, that this charity should be transferred to the care of the Ladies' Benevolent society, or some other private charitable organization in the city of Columbus; or that in some way, the orphan children of Columbus should be secured in their rights under the generous provisions contemplated by their benefactor." It is gratifying to know, that immediately after the publication of this report, such radical changes were made in the management of the home, that the comfort of its initiates was secured as far as the circumscribed accommodations of the building would allow. Miss Lida Daniels, now Mrs. Dr. J. M. Wheaton, succeeded Mrs. Loomis, as matron, and bears testimony to the readiness of the board of trustees to second, to the extent of their ability, every suggestion with reference to the welfare of the home and its inmates. The location and construction of the building making it every way unfitted for a home for children, it was, for years, the earnest wish of those to whom was committed the care of this fund, to secure another location, possessing the advantages so utterly wanting in the old, and at the same time within the means placed at their command. By the conditions of the bequest, only the annual interest could be applied to the erection of buildings or the current expenses of the home. The recent purchase of an attractive cottage, with a domain of over seven acres surrounding it, in the northeast part of the city, gives ample evidence of a wise management of the fund. The new home is in the midst of a native grove, and seen, as now, in its gorgeous garb of autumnal glory, it seems as though nature had put on her brightest, to welcome the hapless, though now, doubtless, happy little ones, to this sweet retreat, and, at the same time, to prepare, in crimson and gold, a crown for the heads of those who have ministered, and yet do minister, to those of whom the loving Master said: "The poor ye have always with you." There is room, wisely economized, as at present it appears to be, under the management of Mrs. C. M. Barringer, as matron, to accommodate the limited number for which the fund will provide; and, with a few, but much needed, improvements, the Hare Orphan's home may be looked upon as having entered upon a new era of usefulness. The cottage was built for a private residence, and, naturally, the kitchen is quite inadequate for the work of a family of over twenty. As a sanitary provision merely, a laundry. should be built, suitably connected with the main building, and containing a bath-room, with ample water supply. Judging from what has already been accomplished, the friends of the home will not wait long for that which all acknowledge as a pressing need, and which can be secured at so modest an outlay. The present board consists of the following named gentlemen : Peter Baker, esq. (president), William Ide (secretary), Mr. Hess, and General Samuel Thomas. There are at present, October 1, 1879, eighteen children at the home, all except one under ten years of age. THE LADIES' SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY. The Ladies' Soldiers' Aid society of Columbus, like the loyal uprising of its citizens, had its counterpart in every city, town, and hamlet, throughout the north. The untold material wealth represented by the vast accumulations of hospital supplies, which have been made efficient through the agency of the sanitary commission, was emphatically the product of a labor of love. How much these labors influenced the final result, it is impossible to say, but of their adaptedness to ameliorate the sufferings inseperable from war, there is no doubt. And, as the scale on which they were conducted was 530 -HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. commensurate with the vast operations involved in that terrible struggle, what language can adequately express their beneficence ! The mothers, wives, and daughters, of the Union, had already given their choicest treasures to their country. Was it strange that the lesser gifts should not be withheld? The mother could not seek her fever-smitten boy, in the distant military hospital, nor could the wife minister to her husband, though cruel wounds had paralyzed the strong arms, and made him helpless. These were not isolated cases. The land was filled with such mothers and wives, and their yearning anxiety, which, left to prey upon their hearts, would have consumed them, found its solace and its natural expression in labors that should surround the suffering loved ones with something of the atmosphere of home. There should he no lack of the numberless accessories which often make of the sick room at home a shrine where each member of the household, offers constantly, his best. First, there must be a wealth of soft garments, suitable for the sick and the convalescent. And how these were multiplied, till, in number, they were as the sands upon the sea shore, or the leaves in the forest—and they were for the healing of the nation—a quotation from an early chronicle will show: “The Ladies' Soldiers' Aid society of Columbus, as auxiliary to the National Sanitary commission, at Washington, made its first annual report, for the year ending October 21, 1862, The operations of the institution had been successful : the cutting-room had been open every day of the year, and the committees appointed to cut and supervise work had been present to give out work and receive donations: Wednesday of each week had been set apart for a general meeting in the main building, to which ladies generally were invited. There, with sewing machines, and concerted action, much good had been done. The society had thirty-six auxiliaries connected with it: from these, and from individuals, it had received large donations. The report gives a long list of articles of clothing, and of necessaries, and delicacies, sent away for the use of sick and wounded soldiers." Entertainments of various descriptions were given, and always with the most gratifying results. But these were, of necessity, only an occasional resource, and supplemented the grander work, which' did not meet the public eye, but which was not remitted until the last battle was fought. Let any one take the trouble, if he esteems it such, to reflect upon what is implied in the unobtrusive statements in the above quotation, and then find, if he can, the other factor concerned in producing the wonderful results which were realized in the equipment of our hospitals in the late war, and he will have acquired a clear conception of the manner in which ladies' soldiers' aid societies placed our army hospitals in a condition to challenge the admiration of the civilized world. SOLDIERS' HOME. Naturally, in the vicissitudes of a long-continued war, many sick, disabled, and destitute soldiers would be found at all central points of army operations, not provided for by military organizations accessible, without a greater expenditure than would be involved in caring for them at those points where they were found in any considerable numbers. This work was assumed by the Sanitary commission, and gave rise to large numbers of temporary "soldiers' homes." The Soldiers' home, lo cated in this city, was an efficient agency in this good work. It was established, April 22, 1862, under the auspices of the Soldiers' Aid society, in a room in the raiload depot, and was placed under the charge of Isaac Dalton, of this city. On the 17th of October, 1873, it was removed into a building erected by the Columbus branch of the United States' Sanitary commission. The building cost about two thousand, three hundred dollars, and contained forty-five beds. Soldiers were lodged in the home, and those who were destitute were supplied with food and other necessaries. In the spring of 1864, one thousand, eight hundred dollars were expended, in an addition to the former structure, making the entire building one hundred and forty feet long. The addition contained eighty beds, like those in the first building—on iron bedsteads. It was opened July 20, 1864, for the reception of soldiers. At the same time Mr. Dalton was succeeded by T. E. Botsford, who continued to serve as superintendent till the home was closed. Men, from almost every State in the Union, who had no where else to go, were hospitably entertained, and when recovered, or refreshed, sent on their way rejoicing. During Mr. Botsford's superintendence, from July 20, 1864, to May 7, 1866, thirty-four thousand, nine hundred and eighty-two persons were furnished with lodgings, and ninety-nine thousand, four hundred and sixty-three meals were distributed to thirty thousand and fifty-five men, of whom twenty-five thousand, six hundred and forty-nine were members of Ohio regiments. Many refugees from the south were also entertained. On the closing of the home, the superintendent, under the direction of the- representatives of the Sanitary commission, donated to the Hannah Neil Mission, or Home of the Friendless, the building, and other property, belonging to the Soldiers' home. THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL. A lecture delivered in the city in 1858, by Charles Reemelin, of Cincinnati, in which he described the good accomplished by similar charities in Europe, led to the formation of an association of ladies, called the Industrial School association. The first officers were : Mrs. Hannah Neil, president; Miss Matilda Gwynne, secretary; Miss Ann Robinson, teacher. The work of the Industrial school consists, chiefly, in collecting poor children, once a week, for the purpose of giving them instruction, coupled with relief. The girls are taught, under the supervision, and with the assistance, of voluntary teachers, to make garments of the material purchased by the association, which are distributed as the necessities of the beneficiaries require. It is found that this active benevolence, which regards the bodies, as well as the souls, of those it seeks to benefit, has a wonderful power in breaking down the suspicious reserve with which a formal homily on morals or good manners would be received, and the informal intercourse between teachers and pupils, gives ample opportunity for the dropping of good seed into hearts softened by the touch of christian sympathy. And where do the grace and gentleness of refined and christian womanhood shine with fairer luster than when they thus come (not stoop) to the lowly chil- HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 531 dren of want and misery, to charm them out of their degradation by an exhibition of that divine charity which seeketh not her own? The association was not incorporated until June 3o, 1866. The record of incorporation states that, at a meeting held on the eighth of May, 1866, it was resolved to change the name of the organization to that of the "Industrial Mission School association." At the same meeting, I. C. Aston, F. C. Sessions, George Gere, J. J. Ferson, and E. A. Taylor, were elected trustees, and Miss L. Peters, clerk. The name was again changed, in 1868, to that of the "Hannah Neil Mission and Home of the Friendless," a home having been established in connection with the school. The care of both charities proving too onerous, the industrial school was transferred to the Columbus Benevolent society, in 187o, under whose fostering care it has been an instrument of great good. The average attendance has been, for several years past (1879), two hundred. A mission Sunday-school, the offshoot of this labor of love among the poor and them who have no helper, was organized on west Friend street, in 1868, by Mrs. T. J. Harris and Miss Kate Hunter. THE HANNAH NEIL MISSION AND HOME OF THE FRIENDLESS. This institution, at first, connected with the Industrial school, was called the Hannah Neil mission, in honor of one who was most efficient in its establishment, whose life was devoted to works of charity, and whose memory is embalmed in the hearts of the poor and afflicted. The general purpose of the institution is to provide an asylum for helpless and destitute women and children, of all ages. It properly dates from the first of April, 1868, when the home was opened in the Soldiers' home buildings near the Union depot, On the fifteenth of December, 1869, it was removed to its present location on east Friend street, south of the Institution for the Blind. The' buildings are those formerly used by the State asylum for Idotic or Imbecile Youth, and are situated on a handsome lot of three and a half acres. The lot and group of buildings are estimated to be worth thirty thousand dollars; the purchase money for which was raised by subscription among the benevolent citizens of the city. After patient trial of the first plan of the home, which was to receive all who were homeless and friendless, it was found that the presence of adults, of the class most frequently appealing to this charity, was undesirable ; as a large majority of the beneficiaries were young children. And even, when not really vicious, the influence of adults was, in most cases, injurious, tending to perpetuate early habits, and to draw the children away from those elevating associations with which it was the aim of the board of managers to surround them. Accordingly, for several years, though all are afforded temporary relief, none but children have been received as permanent inmates. It is the aim of the board to provide suitable homes for the children as rapidly as opportunities offer ; and to this end the children are not placed in the public schools, but a teacher is employed in the home, who gives the morning to regular school lessons, and the afternoon to the instruction of the older girls in sewing, or in assisting in the duties of the household. The children being thus always at the home, a choice by those who visit the institution for this purpose (which is of almost daily occurrence) is greatly facilitated. "We sent away our baby last night, after dark—a sweet little creature, but very delicate ;" said the gracious lady matron, Mrs. Louisa Sites, '"and we have just sent word to a lady that she can take this little one," pointing to a plump bit of feminity, of four or five years, who occupied her little chair in the school-room. Credentials, on the part of strangers proposing to take children, are required; and the child is removed on a trial of three months. If, at the expiration of this time, either party (that is, the board or the person wishing to indenture) is dissatisfied, the child is returned to the home. There are, at present, October, 1879, fifty-three children in the home, whose daily wants have been hitherto supplied, with the exception of an inconsiderable endowment, by the contributions of the charitable, and as the result of an amount of self-sacrificing labor on the part of the board of managers, which it is impossible for those who have not participated in them, to estimate. It is the intention of the authorities of the home to transfer the present inmates to the new and well-constructed Children's home, a county institution now advancing toward completion, and whose erection does honor to Franklin county. The future field of usefulness for the Home of the Friendless is receiving the careful consideration of the present board, which is composed of the following ladies: Mrs. R. D. Harrison, president; Mrs. George McDonald, vice-president ; Mrs. William Ewing, treasurer; Miss Mary A. Jones, secretary; Mrs. Dr. Andrews, Mrs. Ezra Bliss, Mrs. E. L. Hinman, Mrs. J. S. Norton, Mrs. Isaac Aston, Mrs. Wm. Hershiser, Mrs. E. L. Lovejoy, Mrs. Charles Hayden, Mrs. B. N. Spahr, Mrs. H. E. Ide, Mrs. Ira Hutchinson, Mrs. Wm. Dennison, Mrs. Isaac Eberly, Mrs. Louisa Nevins, Mrs. Henry Lanman, Mrs. James Wilcox, Mrs. Wm. Monypeny, Mrs. Wm. Deshler, Mrs. James McGrew, Mrs. A. Gardner, Mrs. E. T. Watson, Mrs. J. H. Beebe' Mrs. Dr. S. M. Smith, and Miss Kate Hunter. There is also an advisory board, composed of five gentlemen. CERTAIN CATHOLIC INSTITUTIONS. HOLY CROSS CHURCH SCHOOL. The school-building connected with this church is very creditable to the energy of the pastor and the congregation. It was built at a cost of eleven thousand, eight hundred dollars, and has seven rooms, each twenty-seven by thirty-two feet. Three of the upper rooms are used for the female department, under the care of the Sisters of Notre Dame, with about two hundred pupils. The male department is on the first floor, with an average attendance of one hundred and fifty. ST. PATRICK'S SCHOOL. This school is located on the corner of Seventh street and Mount Vernon avenue, and will accommodate about 532 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. five hundred pupils. The female departmens, like that of Holy Cross Church school, is under the care of the Sisters of Notre Dame. Value of school property—twelve thousand dollars. SISTERS OF NOTRE DAME. The sisters of this order devote their time principally to the education of the female pupils of the Catholic parish schools of the city. The house of the sisterhood is located on Rich, between Sixth and Seventh streets. ST. ALOYSIUS SEMINARY. This institution of learning was founded, by Bishop Rosecrans, in September, 1871. The course of study embraces theology, philosophy, history, mathematics, and the Latin, Greek, German, and English languages, and occupies eight years. The object of the seminary is the education of Catholic youth for the priesthood, and derives its chief support from the Catholics of the diocese. Location—a short distance south of west Broad street. THE ST. FRANCIS HOSPITAL. This hospital, located on the southeast corner of State and Fifth' streets, occupies a part of. the Starling Medical college building. The Society of the Poor of St. Francis was formed, in 1840, by Mother Francis Shevier, in Auchen, on the Rhine. The sisters of this order first established a hospital, in this city, in January, 1852, on Rich street, nearly oppoite Holy Cross church. The building first occupied proving insufficient for the demands of the hospital, it was removed, on the 17th of February, 1865 ; the sisters having leased about two-thirds of Starling Medical college building for the term of ninety-nine years, for the sum of ten thousand dollars. To aid the sisters in the needed improvements, adapting the college building to the uses of a hospital, six thousand, five hundred dollars were raised by fairs, held under the auspices of the Catholic churches of the city, assisted by the citizens generally. The average number received into the hospital, annually,, is about five hundred. All sick, aged, and infirm persons, without distinction as to religious belief, nationality, or race, are admitted into the hospital, and fed, clothed, and cared for. If the beneficiary can pay, the sisters will not refuse a compensation; but the lack of money is no bar to a participation in their all-embracing charity. Medical and surgical services are rendered gratuitously by the faculty of Starling Medical college. All the expenses of the hospital are provided for by collections made in the city and vicinity, by those members of the order devoted to this portion of the work. THE HOUSE OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD-FOR PENITENT FEMALES. This institution is located on west Broad street, corner of Washington. The order from which the house derives its name was established in France, in the seventeenth century. In the year 1835, new life and vigor were given to the order by the superioress at Angers, who had, before her death, in 1868, established no less than one hundred and ten houses in different parts of the world, in charge of the sisters of the order. The object of these houses is two-fold. First, the reformation of penitent. women and girls of all ages; and, second, the preservation of female children, by giving them a plain, useful education, and teaching them all kinds of needle-work. In Europe, the happiest results have been produced by permitting female convicts to spend the last six months of their imprisonment with the sisters, who do their utmost to rescue the unfortunate, and instil into their minds the love of virtue. The house of the Good Shepherd, in this city, was opened in May, 1855, in a rented dwelling, so small as not only to subject the inmates to serious inconvenience, but also to greatly retard the growth of this good work. In 1856, the want of more room became so urgent, that the sisters were compelled to remove, and were §o fortunate as to secure their present very advantageous location. The building (which is the old Sullivant mansion) has been enlarged at a considerable expense, but is still taxed to its utmost capacity by the large numbers who flock thither to find shelter and guidance at the hands of the devoted sisters. The inmates are all engaged in some useful employment. Example enforces instruction, and all the labor of the large household is performed by the inmates, under the assistance and direction of the sisters. All are subject to strict rules of discipline, which must be complied with. All manual labor is performed in silence and in order. The time, aside from that allowed for rest, meals, and recreation, is devoted to some useful purpose calculated to promote virtue, industry, and purity of soul; but all work, from the mother superior to the least of the inmates, according as their strength will permit, and thus contribute to the support of the institution. The institution is commended to the attention and good will of the public. It is by the labor of the sisters and the inmates that the house is supported, the receipts from other sources being very small. CEMETERIES. GREEN LAWN CEMETERY. Green Lawn Cemetery association, of Columbus, was organized under a general statute, passed in the winter of 1847-8. At a meeting of the citizens, at the council chamber, on the evening of the twelfth of July, 1848, a committee of eleven was appointed, consisting of A. P. Stone, A. F. Perry, Joseph Ridgway, jr., Wm. B. Thrall, John Walton, John Miller, William Kelsey, William B. Hubbard, Joseph Sullivant, Robt. W. McCoy, and William A. Platt, charged with the duty of looking for a site and reporting a plan for the organization of a cemetery association. At a subsequent meeting of citizens, held on the second of August, 1848, the committee reported articles of association, which were considered, amended, adopted, and signed by a competent number to authorize a complete organization. The first meeting for the purpose of effecting an organization, was held on the twenty-sixth of August, when Wm. B. Hubbard, Joseph Sullivant, Aaron F. Perry, Thomas Sparrow, Alfred P. Stone, William B. Thrall, and John W. Andrews, were elected to constitute the first board of trustees, Alex. E. Glenn being chosen clerk. Mr. Hubbard was unanimously chosen president of the board. At a meeting of the board of trustees, held on the first day of February, > HON. THOMAS MILLER. The subject of this notice, over a third of a century a prominent and much respected citizen of Columbus, was born in Mount Vernon, Knox county, Ohio, April 11, 1817, third son of James and Hannah A. (Gillespie) Miller, of that place. He was related, by blood, to several families of distinction—being a cousin to Senator James G. Blaine, Congressman Ewing, and Judge P. B. Ewing, of Lancaster, Ohio, Mr. Thomas Ewing Miller, of Columbus, and to the wife of Gen. W. T. Sherman. Three brothers of his—Dr. Jonathan Miller, Mr. Henry Miller, of the firm of Miller & Huston, wholesale boot and shoe dealers on High street, and Mr. William Miller—still reside in Columbus, and are numbered among its leading citizens. His father died in that city in r 861, at the venerable age of seventy-three, greatly regretted by his fellow-citizens. The early years of his son, Thomas, were spent partly in Knox county; but while still in boyhood he removed with the family to Brownsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, where, at the age of twenty-one, in 1838, he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Wilson, daughter of Gen. Wilson, of that place. By her he had seven children, five of whom survive him, and all reside in Columbus—Eliza L., wife of Mr. John Boyce; Margaret, wife of Mr. John McCarty; Cecilia, wife of Richard J. Fanning, clerk of the Ohio supreme court; Thomas Miller, jr.; and Miss Sallie Miller. Directly after marriage he came back to Ohio, and removed, in 1845, to Columbus, where his home was afterwards continuously to the day of his death. Here, in the firm of Thomas and William Miller & Company, he engaged in book agency and general book-selling, and, to some extent, in publishing, for a number of years, until politics and the conferment of office upon him commanded his chief attention. During his official career he engaged in no other business, except the supervision of his farming interests. He was for a time one of the lessees of the Ohio canals, with the other public improvements that belonged to the system. He had been bred to no special trade or profession, but exhibited unusual talents for general business and the amassment of fortune. In his later days he came into possession of the Friend Street railway, and managed it with much ability, bringing it into excellent condition and making it a paying property. His own residence, a large and elegant mansion, which he occupied for thirty years, stands at the eastern end of Friend street, near the suburbs of Columbus. He was also a large purchaser of farm property, and managed for many years before his death a number of estates of this kind. He accumulated a very handsome fortune, which was generously used for the good of humankind. The Catholic Columbian, in an excellent memorial article soon after his death, refers thus to this trait of his character: " All the eminent qualities displayed in public life shone out in the sweet quiet of domestic and private life, benevolence predominating in all his dealings. Wherever poverty, suffering, or distress appealed for human aid or consolation, there, quietly, silently, and unknown, he exercise that virtue, the guiding star of his life, charity. Unostentatiously, the right hand fulfilled the Scriptural injunction, and distributed gifts in charity's name, without the knowledge of the left. The widow, the orphan, the friendless, the outcast, alike have experienced the charity of Thomas Miller, and by their suffrages to the Throne of Grace obtained for their benefactor the retention of the faith in which he was baptized, for which he always contended, and in which he hoped to die. During his long life he had not tasted the sweetness of that faith, but his zeal for it was not less ardent, as he persevered in educating his family in its doctrines and keeping to its practices. Not convenience, worldly gain or political preferment caused him to relinquish his faith, though the circumstances may have conspired to force him to such a calamity. On Friday last, as the funeral procession moved from his late residence to the cathedral, on all sides could have been seen the _ manifestations of sorrow at the demise of so worthy a citizen: and as the corpse was borne past the Orphan asylum, the kneeling forms within the enclosure testified more powerfully than words as to what cause the deceased owed the grace of a blessed death." Mr. Miller was a Democrat, in his political faith, and during the Rebellion was what is known as a " War Democrat." In 1854 he was elected sheriff of the county, and in the campaign of 1864 was the candidate of his party for representative in congress from the Columbus district. He also filled at various times, by federal appointment, the positions of assessor of internal revenue, and postmaster of the city. His first wife died in 1859, and three years thereafter he was married to Mary Thomas, of Hicking county, Ohio, who survives him, as also their four children—Misses Belle, Clara, and Julia Miller, and Master James Miller. About the middle of May, 1879, he was taken with a fatal sickness, the disease known as "embolism," having for its chief characteristic a deficient supply of blood to the brain, and died of it nine weeks afterwards, on the fifteenth day of July. His funeral was conducted according to the rites of the Roman Catholic church, of which his first wife was a most devout member, and in whose faith he died. A very large concourse of citizens was in attendance; and general grief was felt throughout the city at the departure of one so long identified with its interests, and so widely beloved. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 533 1849, Mr. Andrews tendered his resignation, and William Platt was chosen to supply the vacancy. The grounds originally purchased by the association consisted of about eighty-three acres, admirably adapted to the purpose for which they were intended. They were situated about two miles and a half southwesterly from the State house. The cost of the whole was about three thousand, seven hundred and fifty dollars. In the summer of 1849, under the superintendence of Howard Daniels, architect and civil engineer, tasteful' and appropriate improvements were planned, and the work commenced was carried forward with the energy and esthetic ability which characterized its inception. The visitor cannot fail to be impressed by the high order of talent, as well as the large liberality, which have united to produce results so pleasing. The first person buried in this cemetery was Leonora, daughter Of Aaron F. Perry, on the seventh of July, 1849, a few days preceding its formal dedication. The dedication services were held in a beautiful grove near the center of the grounds, on the ninth of July, 1849, -in the presence of a large concourse of people. The services were conducted by some of the leading clergymen of the city, Dr. Hoge delivering the dedicatory address. A graceful dedicatory ode was written for the occasion by Benjamin T. Cushing, esq., for which we regret we have not space. In the summer of 1856, the question arose as to the propriety of selling lots to colored persons, and thereby admitting them to membership in the association. A cilicular was addressed to each member, or stockholder, stating the proposition to set apart a portion of the cemetery grounds for the burial of colored persons, and requesting the stockholder receiving it to indorse his preference upon the back of the circular, and return it to the office of the- trustees. A large proportion of the stockholders, who made returns, were opposed to the proposition, and the division was not made until February, 1872. In 1872, sixty-two acres were added to the domain, making the cemetery to consist of about one hundred and forty-seven acres, forming nearly a square, of gently undulating surface. The officers, at the present time, are as follows : John Greenleaf, president; P. W. Huntington, treasurer; Joseph Dowdall, secretary; Oliver P. Hines, James S. Abbott, H. B. Albery, J. P. Bruck, Wm. B. Hawks, trustees. MOUNT CALVARY CEMETERY Is located on the Harrisburg turnpike, about half a mile beyond the southeastern limits of the city. Its area is twenty-seven acres, purchased, in 1865, by the Catholics of Columbus, for three thousand dollars. A year after the cemetery grounds were purchased, by the joint action of all the Catholics of the city, the Germans of the Holy Cross church paid the English Catholics three hundred dollars for the choice between the two halves of the tract, and took the north half. Rev. John W. Brumer was the first Catholic priest buried in the portion of the grounds set apart as a burial place for the Catholic clergy. Mount ' Calvary cemetery was consecrated by Bishop Rosecrans, November 2, 1874. Previously, portions of ground had been blessed for the interment of the dead. Few have been removed from the old burying ground, though it is the intention to remove all to the new cemetery. The grounds are under the charge of Father Meara, of St. Joseph's cathedral. THE HEBREW CEMETERY. About the year 185o, the few Israelites, then in the city, who were organized as a congregation for public worship, purchased a half-acre lot, to be used as a cemetery. The lot lies in the eastern part of the city; but, as a city ordinance. prohibits interments within the limits of the corporation, a lot was procured and laid out, about the year 1876, comprising two acres of ground, and situated just south of Mount Calvary cemetery. THE NORTH GRAVEYARD. One acre and a half of the tract of land, known afterward as the " North Graveyard," was donated by the original proprietors of Columbus, July 2, 1813, for a burial ground. John Kerr, one of the- proprietors, was authorized to execute the deed of conveyance. That was not done until April 21, 1821, though the lot had been used as a burial place from the time the grant was made. In February, 183o, eight and a half acres, adjoining the above described lot, were added, by purchase. John Brickell, in 1845, added a strip of twenty feet in width, giving the city, however, no control over it. These three parcels of land, embracing about ten and a half acres, and surrounded by a board fence, constitute the tract known as the " North Graveyard," and were for many years the principal burying ground of the city. It lies on the west side of High street, about one-eighth of a mile north of the railroad depot. As the city was expanding around and beyond it, the council, by an ordinance passed July 21, 1856, made it a penal offence to use it any longer for interments. Such, however, was the clamor against the ordinance, that it was repealed before the day arrived for it to take effect. The practice of burying in this place was gradually discontinued, however, and when, in May, 1864, the council passed a second prohibitory ordinance, it was merely formal; no interments having been made there for several years. Many of the bodies buried there have been removed to Green Lawn cemetery; and, though the city authorities have taken means to preserve the grounds, no doubt this city of the dead will, in time, be obliterated, by the steady encroachments of the city of the living. THE OLD CATHOLIC BURYING GROUND. The lot, or tract, generally known by this name, contains three acres and a quarter. It is located in the northeast part of the city, north of Naghten street, and east of Ninth street, or Washington avenue. It was conveyed, September 11, 1848, by Peter Ury, to Archbishop Purcell, to be held in trust as a burying-ground, for the use of the Catholics of Columbus. The tract had, however, been used for that purpose for two or three years before this conveyance was made. The ordinance of the city council, in 1856, prohibited burials. 534 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. THE EAST GRAVEYARD. This tract of land, lying about a mile and a half east of the court house, on Livingston avenue, contains eleven and a quarter acres, and was conveyed to the city of Columbus, in 1839, by Matthew King, without conditions or restrictions. It was purchased expressly for a cemetery, and about two-thirds of it was laid out in lots, and sold by the city to purchasers. This was formerly used as a public burying-place, principally by the Germans, but of late years only for the burial of the very poor, the friendless, and public paupers. A portion of the lot proving to be too wet for the purpose of a burying-ground, and its existence retarding the growth of the city in that direction, it was proposed, several years ago, to remove the bodies already interred in it, and convert the ground into a public park, in connection with the beautiful grove in the rear of it—the only grove of native forest trees remaining in the eastern portion of the city. Although the elan has not yet been carried out, its execution is only a question of time. STATE INSTITUTIONS. THE OLD STATE HOUSE. The four original proprietors of Columbus, Kerr, McLaughlin, Starling, and Johnston, under the superintendence of William Ludlow, the director appointed by the legislature, erected a State house on the southwest corner of State house square. The building was completed in 1814; the free-stone for the window and door-sills was brought on wagons from Black Lick, twelve or fourteen miles east from the city, through swamps and mite. The bricks used in its construction, were made in part of the ancient mound which formerly stood at the intersection of High and Mound streets. The building was seventy-five feet north and south on High street, and fifty feet east and west on State street, and the principal entrance was in the center of the south front, on the latter street. It was two stories high, with a square roof, rising to a balcony, from whence rose a spire one hundred and six feet from the ground. Above the balcony hung a well-toned bell, the idea evidently prevailing, at that distant era, that legislators had duties, and sometimes needed to be reminded of them. The foundation of the building was of dressed stone, raised two feet; and there was a belt of dressed stone marking the height of the first story. The hall of the house of representatives was on the first floor, and connected with it were two committee rooms and a gallery. A stairway on the left of the east entrance led to the gallery of the representatives' hall, and one on the right led to the senate chamber, in the second story, which also had two committee rooms. A door on the west front opened directly into the hall of the house from High street, and one on the east side of this hall opened into the wood yard. The legislative halls were warmed by great wood-fires built and kept glowing in the spacious fire-places ornamented with huge brass-topped andirons. No marble was used in the construction of our primitive capital, but the wooden columns used both for strength and ornament in the hall of the House of Representatives, were handsomely turned, and painted in imitation of clouded marble. Over the west and south doors there were built into the walls, neatly dressed stones with patriotic inscriptions. The old State house, after having stood the estimated term of one generation, and witnessed the transformation of a primeval forest into a thriving city, was destroyed by fire on the first day of February, 1852. The fire was first discovered by the watch, on the floor in the centre of the Senate chamber. If was nearly extinguished when it was discovered that the timbers above were on fire. The roof was soon burned through, and the entire belfry was enveloped in flames. The fire could not be reached by any of the appliances at hand, and it soon became apparent that the venerable edifice which had been the theater of patriotism and zeal for the public good, was doomed to destruction. The burning building cast a lurid light on the Sabbath morning sky. As the belfry swayed to and fro, as if buffeted by the breath of the Fire King, the clear-toned old bell rang out a brief parting requiem. Or we may imagine the genius of the old State house, seeing, in prophetic vision, the glory of the future house, seized the brazen tongue to "Ring out the old, ring in the new." It does not appear that the origin of the fire was ever satisfactorily ascertained. The furniture in the hall of the house of representatives was removed, and the papers of the clerks were also saved, but very little was rescued from the senate chamber, and a large mass of documents perished with the building. During the remainder of the session, the house met in Neil's Odeon hall, and the senate, in the United States court house. In 1853 the house met again in Odeon hall, and the senate, in Ambos hall. In 1854 the same halls were occupied. In 1855 there was no session of the legislature, it being the only year since the organization of the State, without a legislative session, although our present State constitution provides for biennial sessions only. In 1856 the Odeon and Ambos halls were again occupied, and in 1857 the senate and house of representatives met, for the first time, in their respective halls in the new State house. THE OLD STATE OFFICES. In accordance with their contract with the State, which included offices, as well as State house, the Proprietors' association erected, in 1815, a two-story building, twenty-five by one hundred and fifty feet, fronting High street. It stood on the State-house square, in a line with the State house, and sixty feet north of it. This building, designed for the State offices, was of the same material, and general construction, as the State house. The foundation was of rough stone, with a belt of dressed stone, marking the height of the first story. The principal entrance was in the center of the front, on High street. A door, toward the north end, opened into the office of the secretary of State, and, for some unexplained reason; two doors, toward the south end, opened into the State auditor's office. On the left of the central entrance was the governor's office, and on the right, the office of the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 535 State treasurer. From the entrance-hall, and directly opposite the front door, a winding stairway led to the second story. This was appropriated to the use of the State library, though used, in early times, for the offices of the quartermaster and adjutant-general, and, occasionally, for other public offices. The building was removed in the spring of 1857, preparatory to the grading of the public square. CAPITOL SQUARE. The public square, in the center of which now stands the capitol of Ohio, one of the most imposing edifices on the Western continent, was, in the years 1815 and 1816, cleared of the native forest trees by Jarvis Pike, who inclosed it with a rough rail fence, and raised from it successive crops of wheat and corn. The fence having fallen into decay, the square lay in common for a number of years. Under the direction of Alfred Kelley when agent of the State, it was inclosed in 1844, by a neat and substantial fence, with cedar posts and handsome palings, painted white. About the same time, Mr. Kelley caused elm trees to be removed from the forest and planted on the north, east, and south of the square, thus preserving an open view of the noble western facade of the capitol. Their trunks were then from four to six inches in diameter, but a fruitful soil and genial climate have changed them into monarchs of their kind, bearing their coronals of spreading boughs with kingly grace. The neat fence, with painted palings, was removed, in 1859, and the square was inclosed by an unsightly board fence, about twelve feet high, as a guard against the escape of convicts engaged in dressing stone for the new capitol. A substantial iron fence, set in a heavy freestone base, was completed, in 1867, along the west side of the square, and on the north and south sides, half the distance from the western to the eastern side. The fence inclosing the other half of the square was of wood. Frequent attempts were made to induce the legislature to extend the fence so as to inclose the other half of the square, but without success. Among the objections to its extension, it was urged that the fence was not only too massive, but it was so high as to obstruct the view and greatly injure the appearance of the capitol as seen from the street. After persistent agitation of the subject, the legislature, in 1871, appropriated eighteen thousand dollars to procure and put up around the State house grounds a new fence, to be done under the direction of the comptroller of the treasury, with the advice and consent of the governor and treasurer. A design for the new fence, by Frank Krumm, was adopted, and a contract entered into with L. Schaeffer & Son, of Springfield, Ohio, to build the same, at twenty-one thousand, one hundred and nineteen dollars and thirty cents. The fence was put in place the following year, and, in accordance with the design, gates were placed at the corners of the square, and walks constructed to intersect the carriage-ways that encircle the capitol. The State house square comprises ten acres, and has a considerable elevation above the Scioto. With earth, taken chiefly from the canal and river, it has been raised in the center from four to six feet, and has been so graded as to form a gentle descent from that point in all directions. ,During the present summer (1879) four fountains, of unique design, have been placed in some of the principal plats into which the grounds are divided, by fine broad walks and carriage-ways. The square was laid out and ornamented after a plan drawn by John Clusker, of Cincinnati. The general idea carried out in this plan, contemplates a pleasing variety of evergreens, deciduous trees and shrubbery, so arranged, in groups, as to afford unobstructed views of the capitol, and, at the same time, gratify the natural taste for order and beauty. It being the duty of a faithful historian to make a record of whatever has been, or is now, of interest in a community, the fact that an attempt to make an artesian well within the capitol grounds was inaugurated, in 1857, is properly mentioned here. The work was commenced in July, 1857, and discontinued October t, 1860, leaving the well a failure, after reaching a depth of two thousand, seven hundred and seventy-five feet. The work, however, was, doubtless, of value, as a means of showing the geological formations which underlie the capital. Detailed statements of the work, and the peculiar obstacles met with in its progress, are to be found elsewhere, and are of great interest to that class of readers familiar with the physical sciences. THE NEW CAPITOL. The first feeling experienced by persons visiting Niagara falls, for the first time, is, in nine cases out of ten, that of disappointment. The great width of the precipice, and the immense volume of water poured over it, dwarf the height of the fall, and make it appear, as has been often expressed, "like a good-sized mill-dam." But let not the visitor, if he have a soul that can admire, appreciate and enjoy the sublime in nature, turn away in disgust. Rather let him linger in the presence of the great wonder—studying it from every attainable point of observation—from the surface of the stream below, as well as from the summit of the rocks above--thinking less of himself and his own emotions, than of the mighty power in whose presence he stands—and the scene will gradually grow and expand until, having assumed its true proportions, and become instinct with its own vitality, it will take possession of his soul, filling it with an indescribable delight. Analogous to this was our experience on first visiting the Ohio State house. The elevation on which it stands; the extent of ground surrounding it; and above all, the massiveness of the architecture, seemed at first to dwarf the height of the building, making it look disproportionately, and almost disagreeably low; and the first comparison that suggested itself to our mind, was that of a huge iron-clad "monitor," with its revolving turret. And it was not until we stood at the foot of its massive pillars, and under its sky-like rotunda, and looked down upon the city from its lofty dome, that it assumed in our mind its real artistic proportions, and impressed us with a feeling of majesty and grandeur such as no other structure, except our national capitol, ever produced. Its style of architecture is the simplest form of the Doric, of which the American Encyclopedia thus speaks: 536 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. " This style, typical of majesty and imposing grandeur, was almost universally employed by the Greeks in the construction of their temples ; and, certainly, monumental art does not furnish us with the equal of a Greek peripteral temple"—i. e., a temple surrounded on every side by a row of columns. The finest specimen of this style of architecture—and, indeed, the noblest architectural monument in Athens—was the Parthenon, the temple dedicated to Minerva. It "was built in the best period of architecture, and under the inspiration of the highest genius in art"—Phidias, the greatest sculptor of ancient times, being its superintending architect, and some of the most celebrated works of his chisel adorning both its exterior and interior walls. To those who have seen a picture of the Parthenon in its ruins, it will be evident, upon the first view of the Ohio State house, that, in its external form; the latter was modeled after the former. Although the capitol is much the larger, the proportions of the two do not greatly differ—the one being one hundred and eighty-four feet, by three hundred and four; and the other one hundred and one feet, by two hundred and twenty-eight. The length of each structure, therefore, is about twice its width. The height and the diameter of the columns are about the same in both/. e., thirty-six feet, by six. The capitol, therefore, is comparatively low. But this defect, if it be one, is obviated by the superior elevation of the building (ten feet in all, including the stone terrace and the steps to the porticos), and the lofty dome, the summit of which rises one hundred and fifty-eight feet from the ground. The Parthenon is peripteral, or completely surrounded by columns, the whole number of which is forty-six. On the other hand, the capitol is but partly surrounded by columns, there being eight in each of the side porticos, and four in each of those in the ends—twenty-four in all. But in the remaining portion of the walls, pilasters or square pillars are set, of the same height, and about the same diameter and distance apart as the columns, and extending out two feet from the body of the walls. These, at a little distance, give the building the appearance of being " colonnaded all round," and therefore peripteral. The Parthenon is also said to be octostyle—i. e., having eight columns under the pediment, or what we should call " the gable." And the same title may be given to the capitol, since a pediment is placed over each of the porticos having eight columns apiece, at the west and east fronts of the building. The propriety of modeling the Ohio State house after the Parthenon; is sufficiently obvious. The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to the goddess of wisdom; and the larger of the two portions into which its interior was divided, was the one in which the great statue of the goddess was erected. And surely the capitol of a State ought to represent concentration of its highest wisdom. Legislators, unfortunately, are not always wise; but if wisdom may justly be demanded for any earthly work, it must be for the enactment of laws to govern such a commonwealth as that of Ohio. And it is certainly on the assumption that they are wise that men are ever elected to the legislature of any State. But more than for the character of those who congregate in its legislative halls, our State house is the temple of wisdom on account .of the vast stores of knowledge, in all departments of human thought, collected in its library, which probably contains more books than could have been found in the whole city of Athens, while Minerva bore sway from the Parthenon, over that city of boasted learning. In an artistic point of view, our modern Parthenon must, of course, yield the palm to the ancient. Built of white marble, from the celebrated quarries of Mt. Pentelicus, the ancient structure was adorned, both in its outer and inner walls, by its great master, Phidias, with sculptures that have ever since been the admiration of the world. On the other hand, constructed of more sober colored limestone, Ohio's capitol stands in simpler majesty, with its walls, for the most part, still awaiting the immortal works, both in sculpture and painting, with which native genius shall yet adorn them. Two such decorations only (to be described further on), one in each of the two departments of art, now grace its rotunda, as a pledge of what the future has yet in store. But in the manifold utilities which distinguish modern civilization, the capitol has, almost infinitely, the advantage. The Parthenon had but two rooms, the larger containing the statue of the goddess, and used mainly for festive and religious occasions; the smaller occupied as the treasury of the city. But the capitol has twenty-eight rooms on the first floor, ten on the second, and fifteen on the third—making fifty-three, and each of them devoted to some useful purpose in connection with the government of the great State of Ohio. Each of the two structures, therefore, may stand as the exponent of the civilization that produced it. In the ancient building, taste dominated aver utility; in the modern, utility dominates over taste. The one was the embodiment of a spirit which aimed at the artistic enjoyment of the few, the other of a popular sentiment which demands the highest attainable good of all. The act providing "for the erection of a new State house, at the seat of government," was passed by the general assembly, on the twenty-sixth of January, 1838. As this was thought to remove all doubt as to the continuance of the seat of government at Columbus, there was great rejoicing among the citizens, which manifested itself in a grand illumination and a series of festivals. Under the provisions of the act, the legislature, on the sixteenth of the following March, appointed, by joint resolution, a board of commissioners, consisting of the following gentlemen : W. A. Adams, of Muskingum county; Joseph Ridgway,- jr., of Franklin county; and W. B. Van Hook, of Butler county. These commissioners met at Columbus, in April, and entered into contract with Wm. S. Sullivant, for stone from his quarry, on the Scioto river, at fifty cents per perch of twenty-five cubic feet. Under that contract, during the year 1838, two thousand and sixty-two perches of stone were delivered, a part at the site of the proposed building, and a part at the penitentiary, and convicts were employed in preparing the stone for the walls. The commissioners also advertised for plans, offering pre- DR. SAMUEL Z. SELTZER. Samuel Zimmerman Seltzer, long an esteemed resident and successful physician in Columbus, now deceased, was brought into the world August 17, 1801, in Jonestown, Lebanon county, Pennsylvania. He was the son of George and Elizabeth Seltzer, whose ancestors were German-born. His father settled in that region long before Jonestown was founded, and he and a Mr. Jones, from whom the place was named, were the original proprietors of its site. He was a farmer, but his son, Samuel, at the early age of two years, was crippled for life by a severe cold, which settled in the hip and resulted in serious disease, stunting his growth somewhat, and permanently laming him. He was thus prompted to a studious life, and, after a course in the common and higher schools, and some classical education at a university in Philadelphia, he entered the Jefferson Medical college, in the same city, from which he was graduated in due course. He had, meanwhile, occupied his time profitably in vacations with reading in the office of Dr. Eberle, of Jonestown, with whom he became associated in practice, soon after graduating, and at once sprang into active and successful business. July 30, 1821, while still in his twentieth year, he was married to Miss Mary Fausnoght, of the same place, and in 1832, with her and their three young children, removed to Columbus. Here he recommenced practice, alone and a stranger; but soon improved his *acquaintance and recommended himself by his success, getting, by-and-by, a large business, which he kept until his death. This sad event occurred in 1852, of dysentery, as the ultimate, result of an attack of cholera, which he had in 1849. He was a quiet, unobtrusive man, never seeking or holding public office. He was a Universalist in his belief, and took an active part in the formation of the society of that faith now existing in the city, and in the building of its original church edifice, still standing on Third street, between Rich and Town streets. He was also a Free Mason. He took a hearty interest in the local medical societies, and also in public improvements, especially in the founding of the State institutions in Columbus, and died much respected and regretted by his fellow-citizens. Of the thirteen children born to his family—five sons and eight daughters—five of the latter died in infancy, and one son since. The survivors, in order of age, are: George D., a tinner, residing in Columbus; Matilda, wife of John K. Heyl, a customs-house officer, living in Philadelphia; Dr. Van S., of Columbus, the subject of a biographical sketch published herewith; John Z., a musician and music dealer, in Columbus; Samuel, a conductor on the Central Ohio railway; Ellen A., wife of Jacob Long, a Columbus confectioner; and Wilhelmina, who resides with her brother, Van, in Columbus. His wife still survives, at a venerable age, and also resides with the younger doctor, as noted in the outline of his life and public services. DR. VAN S. SELTZER. One of the best known, and most successful physicians of the capital city is Van Swieten Seltzer, M. D., a citizen "to the manner born," who first saw the light upon the identical spot where he now resides, at No. 39 east Friend street, Columbus, on the thirty-first of August, 1834. He is of German extraction, his father being Samuel Z. Seltzer, whose life and character are treated in a separate notice in this volume. The elder Seltzer being a physician, his son, the subject of this sketch, after a preliminary course of education in the Columbus public schools, and a year at the State university, easily and naturally fell into a course of medical reading. His father being now dead, he entered first the office of Dr. John Morison, in Columbus, and afterwards that of Professor and Dr. G. Howard, the latter holding at the time the chair of surgery in the Starling Medical college, the lectures of which young Seltzer attended during three academic years. He was graduated in 1856, at once re-opened his father's office for general practice, and speedily acquired a large and lucrative business, which he has retained with steady increase to the present time. His theories and remedies are of the "old," or allopathic school, in the application of which he has achieved remarkable success. For four years, 1870-73, he was physician to the county infirmary, and for the next three years he held a similar relation to the State Deaf and Dumb institution. Besides these distinctions, he has been entrusted by his fellow-citizens with several posts of honor and responsibility. In his earlier business life he was for a time assessor of his ward, and, but for its Democratic proclivities (he has been a Republican since Republicanism was), he would have received several other local offices, for which he has occasionally consented to be a candidate. The present year (1879) he was nominated on the Republican ticket as one of the candidates for representative from Franklin county to the State legislature, and was defeated, in the face of a general Democratic success in the county, by only two hundred and fifty-four majority. At present he is a member of the board of police commissioners of the city. August 14, 1855, Dr. Seltzer was united in marriage to Miss Minerva Smeltzer, of Zanesville, Ohio, who is still living, as also his mother, who resides with him at his pleasant home in Columbus, and is now in her seventy-ninth year. Dr. Seltzer has no children, but finds abundant occupation in the other enjoyments of home, and in his increasing professional and public cares. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 537 miums. Between fifty and sixty were received from different parts of the country. From the designs thus furnished, the commissioners, in October, 1838, selected the best three, to which they awarded premiums. These were from Henry Walter, of Cincinnati (who was made superintending architect); Martin E. Thompson, of New York city; and Thomas Cole, of Catskill, New York. The plan actually adopted was a modification of these three premium designs, and the average estimate of expense was about four hundred and fifty thousand dollars —less than one-third of the entire expense of the building up to 1875, when it had amounted to one milllion, four hundred and forty-one thousand, six hundred and seventy-seven dollars. The estimates of the commissioners and architects were passed in part upon convict. labor, at much lower rates than upon other labor. The commissioners, in their report to the legislature, urged the employment of one or two hundred convicts, on the score of economy, and -asked for an appropriation of fifty thousand dollars. The legislature, at its next session, made the desired appropriation,. and active work began in April, 1839. Excavations were made, and the laying of the foundations commenced; and the work steadily advanced under the superintendence of the architect, and the commissioners in person. The corner-stone was formally laid on the 4th of July, 1839, in the presence of a vast assemblage of people, including three fine military companies from Lancaster. A procession, said to have numbered five thousand, was formed on High street, and marched into Capitol square. When the northeast angle of the projected State house was reached, one of the bands struck. up "Hail Columbus." There a gigantic stone was seen swinging aloft, upheld by derricks and a complicated maze of cordage, ready to be let down upon another of like size, resting firmly in its bed, and containing, securely packed in strong flint-glass jars, a large number of interesting documents, for preservation "into the ages." After prayer by the Rev. Dr. Hoge, ex-Governor Morrow prefaced the ceremony, which he had been appointed to perform, with an eloquent address, of which the following are the closing sentences: "May the blessings of a benign Providence, through all coming time, rest upon this people, and upon this house, the work of their hands. I NOW LAY THE CORNER-STONE OF THE CAPITOL OF OHIO." The stone was then properly and safely adjusted to its firm and permanent resting-place. The Rev. Mr. Cressy invoked the divine blessing, and the throng moved from the square to Fourth street, reassembling under a large elm, on Joseph Whitehill's property. Here a thrilling ode, composed by W. D. Gallagher, was sung, and an oration delivered by John D. Miller ; after which the exercises of the day were closed by a bountiful repast served upon the public square. It was the design of the commissioners to build, during the next season, the basement story, and to provide brick and other materials for the interior walls. To enable them to do these things, they requested an appropriation of thirty thousand dollars. 68 But the legislature, at its next session, in the winter of 1839-40, instead of granting this request and thus providing the funds needed for the prosecution of the work, in a fit of not very dignified vexation, actually repealed the law for the erection of a State house ! The history of this strange freak is briefly as follows: The year 1840 being the date mentioned in the agreement made by the State with the original proprietors of the town, as the time up to which the sessions of the legislature should be held thereat—"and from thence until otherwise provided by law"—when this date approached, other towns in the central portion of the State began to agitate the question of removing the capital. There had been, for some time, more or less ill-feeling on the part of these towns toward Columbus. Among other grave offences, she was accused of putting on metropolitan airs. An incident occurred in the legislative session of 1839-40 which served to kindle this little spark of envy into a flame. Certain charges had been brought against a member from Cuyahoga county, William B. Lloyd, resulting in an investigation, and a vote of censure. After the investigation, a paper signed by sixty-three citizens of Columbus, principally young men, expressing undiminished confidence in Mr. Lloyd's integrity, appeared in the Columbus State Journal, of February 17th, with the signers' names attached. Many members of the legislature who had voted to censure Mr. Lloyd, took umbrage at this action of the young men, denouncing it as an unwarrantable interference with the proceedings of the general assembly. While the excitement was at its height, Mr. G. B. Flood, a representative from Licking county, introduced into the house the bill above referred to, repealing the act for the erection of a State house. It passed both branches of the legislature, and became a law on the tenth of March. By this action, the work on the new State house was suspended for more than six years, during which the subject of removal was agitated more earnestly than ever before. All efforts, however, proved unavailing ; and the general assembly, at length, on the twenty-first of February, 1846, passed a new act for the erection of a State house, but made so small an appropriation for continuing the work that nothing was done the next season, except by a few convicts, in excavating for the foundations and laying about two thousand perches of stone. The commissioners appointed by the legislature, under the new act, were W. A. Adams, Samuel Medary, and Joseph Ridgway, jr. So little means, however, was placed at their disposal, that they were able to accomplish little till the spring of 1848, when arrangements were made for the vigorous prosecution of the work. Wm. R. West and J. O. Sawyer were appointed architects and general superintendents, and Jacob Strickler, special superintendent. The basement walls were partly raised by the close of the year. The next season (1849) the Stone quarry was worked on a larger scale—a railroad track being laid to the bottom of the quarry. The basement walls were completed during this year, and the building loomed up about fourteen feet from the surface of the ground. In the spring 538 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. of 1850, active operations began under favorable auspices, the legislature having made an appropriation of eighty thousand dollars for the prosecution of the work. Notwithstanding the prevalence of the cholera during the summer, the edifice that season, reached a height of nearly thirty feet above the original surface of the ground. During this season, the State was called to mourn the death of Mr. Ridgway, one of the commissioners, and the report of his survivors, to the legislature, at the close of the year, makes the following allusion to the sad event: " In common with their fellow-citizens of the State, the commissioners have to regret the loss of their colleague, Joseph Ridgway, jr., who died of cholera, in the month of August, at Mt. Vernon, Ohio. He was endeared to his survivors by rare intelligence, honety, and energy, which placed him among the most honorable and useful men in the community." In 1851, William L. Sullivant was appointed commissioner, in the place of Mr. Ridgway. Work was recommenced on the building, as soon as the weather would permit, and the structure was raised about twenty feet higher—the height of the exterior walls being about forty-eight feet. In March, 1852, the legislature having passed an act to "provide for the more efficient and expeditious completion of the new State house," appointed Edwin Smith, S. H. Webb, and E. T. Stickney as a new board of commissioners. One of their number, Mr. Webb, was appointed general superintendent, and Mr. West was retained as architect. In 1853, a contract was made with Messrs. Ambos & Lennox, of Columbus, for the iron framework of the roof. Before the close of the year, the columns for the legislative halls, with their bases and capitals, all of Pennsylsania white marble, had been placed in their appropriate positions. In May, 1854, Mr. West having resigned his position as architect, N. B. Kelly was appointed in his place, and was soon after intrusted with the general supervision of the work. A contract was made with Charles Rule, of Cincinnati, for furnishing and laying all the marble tile required for the floors of the rotunda and halls, to consist of Italian white, and American black, white and blue marble. Contracts were also entered into with James Lennox for the wrought iron water-tanks, and with Nelson A. Britt for putting on the copper roof. All the stone work, except the steps and the cupola, was finished during this year, and the State house rapidly approached its completion. In 1855, contracts were made for the interior work; among others, with James Lennox, of Columbus, for heating apparatus, and with the Columbus machine manufacturing company for the wrought and cast-iron work for the ceilings in the several rooms. In the annual report of the commissioners for this year, the architect, Mr. Kelly, explained to the legislature the elaborate plan which he had devised for ventilating and warming the building. The desks for the speaker and for the clerk of the house of representatives, were nearly completed during this year. They are of white Italian marble, and those in the senate chamber were designed to correspond in style and material. On the eighth of April, 1856, an act was passed "to provide for the prosecution of the work on the new State house, prescribing the order in which it shall be done, and making appropriations therefor." Under this act, a new board of commissions was appointed, consisting of Wm. A. Platt, acting, and James T. Worthington and L G. Harkness, advisory members. These commissioners, pursuant to the provisions of the act, and in view .of the approaching completion of the building, submitted the plans, previously adopted, to Thomas U. Walker, of Washington city, and Richard Upjohn, of New York city, as consulting architects. These artists gave their opinion and advice, which did not lead to any material change. All the work contemplated by the last-named act, except the floor of the library hall, was finished by the close of this year. The legislative halls, with the necessary committee rooms, clerks' rooms, etc., were, at the same time, ready for the use of the general assembly. On the evening of January 6, 1857, a superb banquet was given by the citizens of Columbus to the members of the general assembly and other State officials, and to a great number of distinguished visitors. All parts of our own State, and many of the other States of the Union, were represented in the great assemblage which gathered in the city on that memorable occasion. About two weeks previous to the festival, the city council appointed Messrs. Noble, Comstock, Decker, and Reinhard, a committee to make arrangements for a "housewarming" in the new State house; and, at a citizens' meeting, on the same evening, L. Buttles, Henry Wilson, W. G. Deshler, R. E. Neil, and Francis Collins, were appointed d committee for the same purpose. On the afternoon of the day appointed for the festival, the Cleveland Grays, a fine military company, arrived in the city, and were received by the State Fencibles, of Columbus, whose guests they were. The appearance of the two companies, as they paraded the streets together, was the subject of general remark and admiration. During the day, the State house was prepared for the grand banquet, and the ceremonies and festivities of the evening. The chairs and furniture were removed from the halls. The rotunda, which had been beautifully decorated with tricolored muslin, evergreen, flowers, and wreaths, was assigned for the banqueting hall. Tables, bountifully laden, were placed in its eastern half, in a semi-circular form. As evening came on, the noble edifice was brilliantly lighted; and, crowning all, was the illuminated dome, from which the light shone in all directions, with rare and beautiful effect. At nine o'clock, the ceremonies previously arranged, began. The Rev. Dr. Hoge offered prayer. Alfred Kelly, of Columbus, at that time representing the counties of Franklin and Pickaway in the State senate, made an address of welcome. While these exercises were going on in the hall of the house of representatives, the senate chamber was the scene o' music and dancing. It was not long before this festivity became general, wherever a space could be cleared for musicians and dancers. Till a late hour at night the capitol was the scene of light, joy, and revelry, while crowds of people jostled each other on the stairways, and kept thronging through the rotunda, the halls, apartments, and corriders, like the restless waves of the ocean. The number of people present during the evening was estimated at eight thousand. It appears, from HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 539 the report of D. W. Deshler, treasurer of the committee of arrangements, that from the number of admission tickets given up, and by other means, the entire number of visitors to the festival might be set down at ten thousand, seven hundred and twenty-eight. The amount of money received on subscription and sale of tickets was four thousand, seven hundred and five dollars; leaving 1 on hand, after all expenses were paid, three hundred dollars. The legislative session of 1856-7 was the first held in the new State house. During the year 1857 the unfinished work on the building was actively pushed forward. The next two years, 1858 and 1859, were devoted to the completion of the cupola, the main stairway, the eastern terrace and steps, the tiling of the rotunda, gas fixtures, brick arches, stone flagging, and the grading and ornamenting of the grounds. Isaiah Rogers, of Cincinnati, was appointed architect, in July, 1858, and, under his superintendence, the remainder of the work was completed, late in the fall of 1861. Occasional improvements, however, have been added since that period. The entire time occupied in the erection of the building, leaving out intervals of suspension, was about fifteen years. The total cost, up to October 15, 1875, was one million, four hundred and forty-one thousand, six hundred and seventy-seven dollars. Although there are but two tiers of windows on the outside of the building, it is, nevertheless, three stories in height—the upper story obtaining light (as do also the others,- in part) from four open courts, extending up through the entire building. The dimensions of these courts are, about twenty-four feet in breadth by fifty-nine in length. The heating apparatus (costing over forty-thousand dollars), the carpenter's shop, and the packing and storage rooms, are in the basement. The first story is devoted to the State offices. On the second floor are the large chambers—the senate, house of representatives, the State library, and supreme court room. The committee rooms, flag, and relic rooms, are in the third story. The flag room, here mentioned, was selected in .1866, for the reception and preservation of the Ohio regimental and other flags carried in the late civil war. It was furnished with suitable stands and railings for the colors of different regiments and companies, which were put up in order on the sides and in the middle of the apartment, with a printed card attached to each banner, showing its number and title. There were in the room, in 1867, three hundred and forty-four flags of cavalry, artillery and infantry. A register is kept in which visitors are desired to record their names. Opposite to this room, and connected with it by a narrow corridor, is the relic room, in which are contained a large number of captured nags, and other trophies of the late Rebellion. The rooms of the State board of education are situated opposite to those of the governor. There are three of them, forming one of the pleasantest suits in the building. The west room, occupied as the secretary's office, is handsomely furnished, and is the assembly room of the board when in session. The middle room is devoted to the library and cabinet. The east room is the mailing office and store room for reports, etc. There are in the library about two thousand volumes, all standard works, and nearly all purchased in Europe by Mr. Klippart, the secretary of the board. On the walls of these rooms hang the only set of the portraits, now in the United States, of prize cattle, published by the Smithfield club. Here, also, are portraits of twenty-five of the most noted stallions of the king of Hanover's stud, photographs of Baron Steiger's renowned sheep, casts of the most important species of the fish of lake Erie, made in plaster in 1876, and many other interesting and instructive objects. We will conclude our historical description Of the Ohio State house, by a brief notice of its rotunda, and the works of art now or formerly contained in it. Its general resemblance to that of the capitol at Washington, has, of course, struck every one who has seen them both. No description can give any adequate idea of the effect produced upon the mind of the beholder, as he stands and gazes up into the sky-like expanse. 'We must content ourselves with a simple statement of its dimensions. The height of the stone arches, above the rotunda floor, is thirty-six feet, four inches; diameter of the floor, sixty-four feet, five inches; height from the floor to the eye of the dome, one hundred and twenty feet; from the floor to the upper sky-light, one hundred and thirty feet. The rotunda floor is, in itself, an exquisite work of art. It is a Mosaic work, containing four thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven pieces of marble. The centre is a star of fourteen feet diameter, having thirty-two points. The centre of the star is formed of seven hexagons, black white and red, surrounded by three borders of green, black, and green. The star-points are black and red, on a white ground. A border of green seperates this star from the body of the floor, which is composed of concentric circles of octagons and squares; the octagons of the inner circle measuring five and a half inches, and those of the outer, two feet in diameter. The whole is bounded by a border of green, as a dividing line between the rotunda floor and those of the corridors and niches—they being respectively square and diamonds, black and white. The octagons are of black and white, alternating. If the beholder stands at any point and looks toward the center, he will perceive a straight row of octagons, alternately white and black, diminishing in size, and terminating in the outer edge of the star. If, from any octagon in the outer circle, his eye follows right and left the rows composed of blocks of the same color, he will perceive that they sweep around in a sort of parabolic curves, terminating in opposite sides of the star; and; as he approaches the star, these curves will diminish in length, and the points at which they meet the star, will come nearer and nearer to the line of his approach. It seems wonderful that concentric circles, composed of blocks differing in size and color, can be so arranged as to display these diversified lines, which are almost labyrinthine in their intricacy, and yet perfectly harmonious in their relation to each other. The black marble is from Vermont; the white is the Italian veined; the squares are of red marble, from Lisbon, Portugal, and the green borders from Vermont. The whole forms an exquisitely 540 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. beautiful floor, having an area of about three thousand two hundred and seventy square feet. The four statues, imported from Italy, by James Em-mitt, of Pike county, formerly a State senator, and by him placed on exhibition some six years ago, were not put chased by the State, and have been removed by the owner. They represented the "Prophetess of the Future," the "Muse of History," a "Bachante," and "Innocence." W. H. Powell's famous painting of Commodore Perry's victory on Lake Erie, September r 0, 1813, having been purchased by the State, was suspended, in the spring of 1865, on the northeast wall of the rotunda. Whatever defects a rigid criticism may discern in this fine painting, they are all cast into the background by its great merits. The naval launch, in the foreground, is an exact representation of the model formerly used in the United States navy. The figures of the commodore and his brave crew, are exceedingly true to life. The expression of the cockswain in the stern sheets of the launch, is that of anxiety and inquiry, as he looks up to his commodore; while the latter, with hand pointing toward the American ship, on the right of the painting, seems directing the course of the launch towards her. Above him, on the quarter-deck of the vessel he has just left, which bears the mark of solid shot upon its counter, is a sailor, with raised hat, evidently shouting for victory. The figure, attitude, and expression of Commodore Perry's little son, as he looks, with fearful gaze into his father's eye, is, for its simplicity and beauty, one of the finest features of the painting. The old tar behind the commodore, who is busily cleaning the boat with his oar, from the debris of sails, splintered masts, and rigging, shows, by his bandaged head, that he has seen hard service. A fine looking sailor, at the port oar, near the commander, is eagerly scanning his countenance, while the negro servant, with outstretched arms, is watching the leaden storm of shot as it ricochets over the surface of the lake. The rents in the old flag are impressively represented. The vessels engaged, the fire from the British ships, the sulphur smoke of the battle, and the dim, hazy clouds floating around, are all admirably represented. The interest in this painting has been deeply and sadly increased by the recent death of the artist, who died about the first of October, 1879, in the city of New York. Not long after the close of the war, the Ohio Monument association was formed, for the purpose of placing in the rotunda of the capitol a mural monument, as a memorial of President Lincoln. In the latter part of 1865, a commission was given to Thomas D. Jones, a well-known sculptor, then of Cincinnati, for a memorial statue, to be designed by himself. The price paid was six thousand dollars, raised by the association, mostly by subscription. In about four years from the date of the commission, the work was completed and placed in its present position, in the rotunda. The memorial rests on a base of Quincy granite, seven feet four inches wide, and two feet thick. The first section above the die, contains a historical group, cut from Italian marble, in altorelievo, the whole length of the surface upon which the figures are carved being five feet two inches, and the width, respectively, three and a half feet. The bust (which is of heroic size) of pure white Carrara marble, surmounting the monument, is three feet two inches high, making the whole height of the memorial fourteen feet. In the bust, the sculptor has preserved, with remarkable fidelity, the well-known features, and the calm majesty of expression, which characterized the immortal president. The marble group, in alto-relievo, represents the surrender of Vicksburg. There are eight figures in the group, varying from twenty-four to twenty-five inches in height, and, on the extreme right and left, are seen the heads of two horses, with appropriate trappings, their bridles being held by two orderlies in attendance. The surrender is represented as taking place under a large oak tree, from whose branches festoons of beautiful Spanish moss is hanging. To the left of the tree, and on the right of the observer, the foremost figure is that of General Grant. Next to him stands General McPherson, and next to the latter, but more in the foreground, General Sherman is seen. An orderly stands at Sher-man's right. The foremost figure on the Confederate side is, of course, General Pemberton, represented as in the act of surrendering to General Grant. Next to Pemberton is Colonel Montgomery, and next to him, General Bowen. There is, in this group, an athletic, lithe-limbed, Southern orderly. The unveiling of the monument took place in the rotunda, on the evening of January 19, 187o, in the presence of a crowded assembly. The memorial, standing in the recess between the east and the south entrance to the rotunda, was veiled by large American flags. Governor Hayes called the meeting to order, and the Rev. D. H. Moore offered prayer. The choir of the First Presbyterian church—Miss Emma J. Lathrop, Miss Kate Kerr, Mr. A. H. Morehead, and Mr. H. W. Frillman —sang "America"; after which the Hon. Samuel Galloway delivered an address on behalf of the Ohio Monumental association. At the close of the address, the governor introduced Mr. Jones, who proceeded to superintend the unveiling of the monument. The flags, at a given signal, parted in the middle,. like a great curtain, and were drawn aside, when the monument, with the Vicksburg surrender and the colossal bust of Lincoln, came into full view. Silence reigned for a moment, and then rounds of applause burst forth, which were followed by the hymn, "Spirit Immortal," sung by the choir. Speeches were then made by Gen. Durbin Ward, of Warren county, member of the Ohio senate, and Gen. W. H. Enochs, of the house of representatives. With another song by the choir, and a benediction pronounced by the Rev. Mr. Cory, of the Ohio senate, the exercises of the evening closed. Soon after receiving the commission for this, his last, and, in some respects, greatest, work, Mr. Jones removed from Cincinnati to this city, where he has ever since resided. Quarters have been assigned to him in the "relic room," and he is certainly the most interesting "relic" now to be found there. Few persons in the city are so familiarly known as he, and his venerable form (he is now seventy years old), and his long white hair and beard, JUDGE THOMAS STITT. This gentleman, one of the oldest residents of Columbus, was born in County Down, Ireland, June 24, 1804. His grandparents on one side were of the Scotch blood, but had settled in Ireland some years before the birth of Thomas. James Stitt, his father, as an elder son, inherited the paternal farm, and also married a Scotch woman, named Mary Newell. To them were born six children : Nancy, James, Archey, Thomas (the subject of this sketch), Alexander, and William. About the year 1801, he came with all his children then in his family to America, and settled in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, where he undertook the labors of a farm which he rented. Two years thereafter, he died. His boys all learned trades, Thomas becoming a shoemaker. William, the sole surviving brother, became a tailor, and now resides in Pulaski, Lawrence county, Pennsylvania. Thomas learned his trade with John Scott, father of Congressman and United States Senator Scott, of that State, at Fannettsburgh, Franklin county, Pennsylvania. About 1828 he left that place, and resided for a year or two at Spence Creek, Huntingdon county, same State, and thence removed in 1830, to Ohio. Stopping about a month in Cleveland, he pushed on to Newark, remained there about a year, and in 1831 he reached Columbus, where he has since most of the time resided. At first he took the superintendency of the shoe shops at the old State prison, but left the post upon the completion of the new penitentiary in 1834. .He then secured the contracts for the manufacture of shoes in the penitentiary, and remained in this business five years. In 1839 he returned to Newark, and opened a clothing store, which he conducted for a year, but the business proving unprofitable, he went back to Columbus. There he en- gaged in the manufacture of saleratus in a factory, where his lime-kiln now stands. The article was in good demand, and he made a lucrative thing of it for five years, when he exchanged it for the manufacture of lime, which dragged somewhat in its profits until 1849, when the business improved and presented brighter prospects. In it he remained continuously until 1874, when he leased it to his nephew, Alexander Stitt, who had then recently arrived in Columbus. The elder Stitt has since almost wholly retired from business, having acquired a fortune by his industry and fidelity which enables him to live comfortably without personal labor. He resides with his son, in a handsome residence on Spruce street, Columbus, and is still hale and vigorous in both body and mind, though now well advanced in his seventy-sixth year. Twice a day, usually, he walks from his home to the business centre of th e city, a mile away, and considers pedestrianism his only means of locomotion. His mind is clear, his memory good, and his hearing is but slightly impaired. The title given him by his friends, and preserved at the head of this notice, is purely complimentary. He has nothing to do with the law, except to observe it punctually as a quiet, peaceable citizen. His early education was limited, as he had but small advantages in the schools of his time, but he studied much with book before him while working at the bench, and has since improved the opportunities which the abundant literature of later days affords, to become a well-informed man. He has remained a bachelor, but redeems the lack of a family of his own by rearing and supporting a number of neices and nephews, to whom, with other members of his family, most of his surplus means go every year. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 541 constitute one of the most picturesque objects that one meets when straying through the capitol, or about its grounds. As a somewhat tardy, and yet timely, act of justice, the legislature, convinced that he. had not been fairly remunerated for his great work, made an appropriation of three thousand, five hundred dollars for his benefit, in the spring of 1878. We have not time, nor would this be the place, for an extended notice of Mr. Jones' work, but we cannot forbear to mention the following: A colossal soldier, carved in 1865, as embodying the ideal of American valor. It is executed in native freestone, about twelve feet high, and is standing on the bank of the river, at Pomeroy, Ohio. This has been copied in several other places. Duting the war, he executed, in marble, a fine bust of Secretary Chase, and about the same time, one of Thomas Ewing—another of Ohio's greatest statesmen. All of these works are greatly admired. THE FIRST PENITENTIARY. The present penitentiary system was introduced into Ohio in 1815. The first Ohio statute, making larceny a penitentiary offence, was passed January 27, 1815, and took effect on the first day of the following August. Previous to this, larceny had been punished by whipping. The provisions of an act regulating the punishment of this crime, provided, that the offender, upon conviction, should be whipped, not exceeding thirty-nine stripes on the bare back, and that upon a second conviction for a like offence, he should be whipped, not exceeding fifty stripes, at the discretion of the court. The act of 1815 provided that the offender, upon conviction of larceny to the amount of ten dollars and upwards, should be imprisoned in the penitentiary, at hard labor, for not more than seven years, nor less than one year. In 1821, the law was so modified as to require a larceny amounting to fifty dollars, to constitute an offence punishable by confinement; and, in 1835, the amount of the larceny was reduced to thirty-five dollars, and this has continued to be the law to the present time. The first penitentiary in Ohio was built in 1813, in the southwest portion of the town of Columbus, on the ten-acre lot conveyed to the State by the original proprietors of the town, for the erection of a penitentiary and its dependencies. The building was erected under the superintendence of William Ludlow, the State director of public buildings. The dimensions of the first building were as follows : Sixty by thirty feet, and three stories high, including the basement. The basement contained the cellar, kitchen, and dining.: room for the prisoners. The second story was the keeper's residence, and was entered by high steps from the street, so constructed as to cut off all communication between the street and the basement. The upper story contained thirteen cells, four of them without light. The prison yard was about one hundred feet square, and was enclosed by a wall from fifteen to eighteen feet in height. In 1818, "the new penitentiary," as it was called, was erected, and the yard enlarged to about four hundred feet, east and west, and one hundred and sixty feet, north and south. The walls enclosing the yard were twenty feet high and three feet thick, with a heavy plank floor on the top, and a hand railing on the inner edge ; and within this enclosure were the various work-shops. The new prison building was of brick, one hundred and fifty feet long, and thirty-four feet wide. It was two stories high, and formed a continued line with the old building. Two adjoining rooms on the second floor were used as a hospital. Above ground there were fifty-four cells or lodging rooms, and below ground five dark and solitary cells, accessible only through a trap-door in the hall. The old building was remodeled as a residence for the keeper. This change was made under the superintendence of Judge Jarvis Pike, acting under direction of the State officers—Ralph Osborn, auditor; Hiram M. Curry, treasurer; and Jeremiah McLene, secretary of state. The first legislative act for the government of the State prison, and confinement of convicts therein, took effect in August, 1815, having been passed in January, preceding. Under this act, the legislature, on joint ballot, chose five inspectors, whose duty it was to appoint a keeper, or warden, and prescribe rules for the government of the prison. The inspectors appointed James Hooker, keeper, who entered upon his duties on the first day of August, 1815, and appointed Col. Griffith Thomas as clerk. In January, 1819, an act was passed, creating the office of State agent, and providing for the election of both keeper and agent for the term of three years, by the legislature. Hooker was re-elected keeper, and Thomas, agent. The keeper was required to pass all articles manufactured by the convicts to the agent, who was required to keep them in a store-house contiguous to the prison, make sales, collect out-standing debts, and pay over all cash receipts to the State treasurer. During the first years after the opening of the penitentiary, there were few convicts, and, of course, few guards needed. The keeper was very kind-hearted and lenient, when he thought leniency could be shown without a breach of official duty. At times there was little work for the.convicts, and they were, very properly, allowed to amuse themselves in various ways. A favorite game was one known, in primitive times, as "barn ball." This was played against the west end of the north wing of the building, and they had a dog in the yard, so trained, that when the ball flew over the wall, he would summon the guard, pass out, get the ball, and return it to the prisoners. The office of State agent was abolished in 1822, and the legislature elected Barzillai Wright to succeed Hooker, whose second term expired at that time. Mr. Wright died in 1823, and Governor Morrow appointed Nathaniel McLean to fill the vacancy. McLean was continued in office, by the legislature, until the spring of 1830, when he was succeeded by Byram Leonard, of Knox county. Leonard was succeeded, in the spring of 1832, by W. W. Galt, of Newark, who continued in office until the removal to the present penitentiary, in the fall of 1834. The successive clerks, after the office of agent was abolished, in 1822, and before the removal, were: Cyrus Fay, Henry Mathews, George Whitmore, W. F. Martin, Nelson Talmage, Timothy Griffith, and Uriah Lathrop. Blacksmithing, wagon-making, coopering, shoe-making, gun-smithing, cabinet-making, tailoring, and weaving, 542 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. were the principal trades carried on in the old penitentiary. The manufactured articles were sold, or exchanged for the raw materials, or provisions. The clerk had charge of the store and books. There were, almost every year, more or less escapes from the old prison, though but one is recorded where violence was offered to officers or employees. In 183o, about a dozen prisoners secreted themselves in a vacant room, near the outer door of the prison. Watching their opportunity, when the turnkey opened the door, the most daring of the gang sprang forward and pinioned the arms of the officer, while the rest of the party rushed out. Their leader then bounded after them, and before the alarm could be given they had gained the covert of the woods. All were, however, recaptured. The story, if authentic, shows a very reprehensible laxity in the discipline within the prison walls. THE PRESENT PENITENTIARY. An act was passed by the legislature, February 8, 1832, authorizing the erection of a new penitentiary. This act made it the duty of the general assembly to elect or appoint three directors, at a salary of one hundred dollars a year, to select and purchase a site for the erection of the building, and to appoint a superintendent, at a salary not exceeding one thousand dollars a year, whose duty it should be to plan and superintend the work of building. Under the provisions of this act the legislature appointed, as directors, Joseph Olds, of Circleville; Samuel McCracken, of Lancaster, and Charles Anthony, of Springfield. On the seventh of December, 1832, the first report of the directors was laid before the senate, which recommended to the State the selection of a site on the east bank of the Scioto river, in the northern part of the city, containing fifteen acres. Some difficulty occurred in obtaining a title to the site selected; but through the intervention of several public-spirited citizens of Columbus,. a warranty deed was executed to the State, October 17, 1832. To secure a good landing on the river, a narrow strip of land was bought. of John Brickell, for fifty dollars. The whole site cost the State eight hundred dollars. In May, 1832, Nathaniel Medbury, of Columbus, was appointed superintendent of the new penitentiary, and contracts were made for the delivery of stone and brick for the building. The contract price of the stone and lime—the stone to, be measured in the wall, was one dollar and forty-eight cents per perch. The contract price of the brick was two dollars and forty cents per thousand,' the contractors having the labor of such a number of convicts as they might choose to employ, not exceeding thirty-six, to be guarded at the expense of the contractors. The plan prepared by the superintendent, being approved by the proper authorities, the work was commenced in earnest in March, 1833. The main building was to be four hundred feet long, and to contain seven hundred cells, the keeper's room and guardroom being in the center. The estimated cost of the whole, including the labor of convicts, was seventy-eight thousand four hundred and twenty-eight dollars and fifty-one cents; excluding labor, fifty-eight thousand seven hundred and forty-four dollars and sixty-one cents. Before the breaking out of the cholera, which interrupted the work during the summer of 1833, from fifty to eighty convicts were employed, and when the work was resumed in the autumn, about one hundred were kept at work. Of the three hundred or more convicts then in the prison, few escaped an attack of the epidemic, though but forty cases were pronounced genuine cholera, and, of this number, only eleven were fatal. Mr. Medbury, the superintendent, was appointed warden, October 27, 1834; and, on the two succeeding days, the convicts were removed from the old to the new penitentiary. In March, following, the directors appointed Isaac Cool, deputy warden; H. Z. Mills, clerk; Rev. Russel Bigelow, chaplain; and M. B. Wright, physician. The prison was now in operation under a new law, new officers, and new rules and regulations. The old system of barter was abolished, and the convicts were hired by the day to contractors or large manufactures, who employed them in prison shops, as at present. At first the system of discipline was severe and rigidly enforced; but here, as elsewhere, modern, and in this instance more humane ideas have supplanted those built upon the aphorism, " An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." Solitary confinement has been substituted for the "shower bath" and " cat ;" and the convicts are supplied with regular religious instruction and the means of intellectual improvement. Continued good conduct shortens the term of imprisonment. In 1837, within the prison walls and at the east end of the main building, a separate apartment was constructed for female .convicts. The cost of construction, up to December 12, 1837, when the buildings were quite completed, was ninety-three thousand three hundred and seventy dollars. By a joint resolution, adopted May 16, 1868, the legislature authorized the directors to purchase ten acres of land lying immediately north of the grounds when occupied by the institution. A contract for this purchase was made with the representatives of Dr. Lincoln Goodale, on the first of October, following, for the sum of twenty thousand dollars, and this additional ground was enclosed by a wall twenty-four feet high. The constant increase in the number of convicts makes frequent enlargements necessary, not only in the prison proper, but also in the work-shops, in which the labor of the convicts is made available for the support of the penitentiary. It was to provide for this expansion that a change of location became necessary, when the present building was erected in 1834, and which may, at no distant day, compel the location and erection of another State penitentiary. In the last annual report of the directors and wardens of this institution, we find the statement that twenty-seven thousand six hundred and six-eight dollars and thirty-six cents had been expended during the year ending October 31, 1878, in the erection of a new cell-building; and though the added number of cells, which may be built for a little less than twenty-eight thousand dollars, does not appear in the report, the attention of the legislature is called to the fact that in view of the steady increase in the number of prisoners, the cell capacity will have to be increased, or a return to the " roost," vacated by the LUDWIG BRUCK son of Ludwig Bruck, a saddler, was born February 28, 1807, at Zweibruchen, now in Rhine, Bavaria, which, at that time, belonged to France by conquest under Napoleon. The city was called by the French Deux Ponts (Two Bridges). After receiving the usual common-school education, which is enforced in Bavaria and other German principalities, young Bruck was apprenticed to a cabinetmaker. After serving his apprenticeship, with knapsack on his back, and passport in his pocket, he traveled eight years as a journeyman, to perfect himself in his trade, as was the custom of the country. In this manner he traveled over almost the whole of Germany, working in different cities as long as he could learn anything new at his trade. At Meinz, on the river Rhine, where the finest work in furniture is made in Germany or France, Mr. Bruck spent three years. While there, he made a small oblong table for the Duke William of Nassau, composed of three hundred and sixty-five pieces of wood, of as many varieties as could be procured; for which he was paid one Prussian dollar per week, which was then considered fair wages, although but a trifle over ten cents per day, with board for the four months occupied in working on this table. It was greatly admired for its exquisite taste and superior workmanship, and sold for seven hundred and sixty-six Prussian dollars. He also made an inlaid mosaic, or parquette, floor at the palace of the general commanding the garrison at Meinz, which, from the drawings still preserved, must have been a splendid piece of workmanship. While in this city, Mr. Bruck, after working hard six days each week, attended a drawing school on Sunday, his tuition costing him about forty cents per quarter. His natural taste for drawing soon made him a proficient draughtsman. He has preserved a scrap-book of excellent drawings of all the fine cabinet work made by him, which shows his rare skill as a workman. In 1834, Mr. Bruck left Germany for the United States, landing in New York. On board the sailing vessel that brought him was a young friend, George Cullman, accompanied by his sister. Shortly after arriving at New York, Mr. Bruck and Miss Caroline Cullman were married. They lived there for three years, while he worked at his trade, making fancy French chairs and sofas, such as could only be made by experienced foreign workmen, and for which the most remunerative prices were paid, there being at that time no machinery in use by which the hard work could be performed. In carved work, then new in this country, Mr. Bruck especially excelled. After his stay in New York, the young journeyman removed to Ohio, landing in the Buckeye State with one thousand dollars cash, which had been earned by his industry and skill. A part of this was expended in the purchase of the lot on South Front street, Columbus, where he now resides. On his arrival at Columbus, in 4837, Mr. Bruck commenced cabinet making, which he carried on successfully until 1844. In 1842, he was elected justice of the peace. The city and township were both largely Whig in politics, yet Mr. Bruck was elected by a decided majority over his Whig opponent, he being the first Democrat ever elected on a party ticket in Columbus. This office he held, by repeated re-election, for nine years, when his health failed from overwork, and he was imperatively ordered by his physician to resign. During his term of office he, by his sound judgment and careful attention to its duties, gradually gathered into his court two-thirds of all the judicial business of the city, and also transacted nearly all such business as drawing deeds and powers of attorney to be sent to Germany, and was the referee in all cases of dispute among Germans not brought before the courts. In 1844, Esquire Bruck was appointed, by Governor Shannon, a notary public, which office, by successive reappointments, he continues to hold. Since Mr. Bruck arrived in Columbus, in 1837, he has never been absolutely rich. He made money, but lost much of it in aiding in the growth of the city, by subscribing, as his means would allow, for stocks in various enterprises, some of which paid dividends, but the major part was a total loss. In most of these companies he is now a director. Whatever improvement would inure to the benefit of Columbus, and find employment for men out of work, found his purse-strings always open, to the extent of his means. In company with the late Peter Ambos, Louis Koster, and Jacob Maurer, Mr. Bruck organized the Independent Protestant congregation of Columbus, which now numbers over three hundred members, and owns a fine large brick church, unencumbered with a dollar of debt. At a time when there was scarcely any military organization in Ohio, Mr. Bruck, more than any other man, was instrumental in forming two independent companies of artillery, composed entirely of Germans, and with their members formed two German benevolent societies, which are still in existence. When the Mexican war broke out, the artillery companies were dissolved by the enlistment of many of their members. Among those enlisting was George Cullman, brother of Mr. Bruck's first wife, who died of sunstroke, near Vera Cruz. After the death of Colonel Beck, one of the county commissioners of Franklin county, Mr. Bruck was appointed to fill the vacancy, and, at the next election, was elected for three years. He subsequently declined a re-election. He was very highly esteemed by his associates of the board. In 1854, Mr. Bruck was appointed one of the directors of the Ohio penitentiary, by Governor Medill, but was soon swept out by the Know Nothing furor of that day. Governor Chase, under the reorganizing law, appointed a new board, and tendered to Mr. Bruck, as the most fitting man in his knowledge, a trusteeship of the Blind asylum, and afterwards a trusteeship of the Insane asylum, both of which were declined. In 1873, Mr. Bruck was again made a director of the Ohio penitentiary, by Governor Allen, which post he held till the expiration of his term. To Mr. Bruck is principally due the action of Governor Shannon, in calling the attention of the legislature to the necessity of mixed German and English schools. There are now, in consequence, in the city of Columbus alone, more than twenty such schools. In 1841, Mr. Bruck lost his wife, who left an infant son. In 1842, he married Miss Margaret B. Ell, of Union county, by whom he had four children—two sons and two daughters. One of the former died in California, in 1876, where he had gone for his health; the other is junior partner in the firm of Braun & Bruck, druggists, on North High street. The daughters are still living, and are both well married. His oldest son, George, a machinist by trade, enlisted among the volunteers when the war broke out in 1861, and again, in the Nineteenth United States regular infantry. He was, for a time, leader of the band at Newport barracks, and was known as a fine musician. He died at Little Rock, Arkansas, of cholera, in 1866. The whole Bruck family seemed to inherit a musical taste from their father. In 1848, he, with others, organized the Columbus Mannerchor, a singing society, which is still in existence, Mr. Bruck and Henry Treyens being the only surviving members. The writer of this sketch has known him for almost forty years, and in that long time can say with truth that he never heard a single word uttered to his disparagement. It seldom falls to the lot of any man of positive character to command more of the undivided respect of the whole community than is allotted by all to Esquire Bruck. As a citizen he has aided much—ten times more than men with ten times his wealth —to build up the interests of the city of his adoption, and to aid her laboring classes. As a public officer, he has been beyond reproach —honest, impartial, and with much sounder judgment than is usually possessed by public officials. A mechanic by trade, he has much feeling and sympathy for those who earn by the sweat of their brow the bread they eat. And in his liberality in aiding to improve the city of Columbus, he always took special care that the improvements he aided would inure to the benefit of the laborer, in giving him work. The men of toil love him, because he first loved them. MICHAEL A. REINHARD was born in Niedernberg, near Aschaffenburg, in Bavaria, Germany, on the eighth day of March, 1789. He was married in 1814 to Miss Barbara Geis, by which marriage eight children, four boys and four girls, were born, five of whom are now living, three of them dying in their infancy. In 1832, with his wife and children, the oldest of whom was but seventeen years old, Mr. Reinhard emigrated to the United States. He purchased a farm in Prairie township, Franklin county, Ohio, and on it toiled, lived, and died. He lost his wife in 1834, and never remarried. In the latter days of his life, he lived on his farm with his son, William, during the summer months; the winter months he spent with his son, Jacob, of the firms of Reinhard & Co., bankers, and Reinhard & Fieser; editors and owners of Der Westbote newspaper. Mr. Reinhard was among the first German farmers in this State to cultivate the grape, and from it to produce the Ohio wine, so near in taste to the cheap wines of Germany, so healthy and pleasant that it has banished much of the stronger liquors from German households, and as the late Judge John McLean, of the United States supreme court, told the writer of this sketch, was the best auxiliary of temperance yet produced. Michael Reinhard led a blameless life, and had the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. He was a model husband, parent, and friend. His disposition led him, after the death of his wife, to seek a retired life. He never sought or accepted, when offered, office of any kind, nor did he seek distinction. The friends he had were knit to him as with hooks of steel. His charity was of the unostentatious kind, never allowing his left hand to know what his right hand did. He died June 12, 1879, at the ripe age of ninety, in the well-founded hope of a blessed immortality beyond the grave, leaving many to bless, but none to curse, his memory. JACOB REINHARD, editor, publisher, and banker, is, by birth, a German. His father, Michael A. Reinhard, emigrated to the United States when the subject of this sketch was but seventeen years of age, and died on the twelfth of June, 1879, full of years, honest, industrious, and universally esteemed as one of our most respected citizens. The education which Jacob Reinhard received in the fatherland was finished in Ohio, as far as the common schools and private lessons could accomplish it, in English tuition. When not at school, he worked on his father's farm. At the age of twenty-one, Jacob, young as he was, took a number of contracts to furnish broken stone for macadamizing the National road, east of Columbus, in the fulfillment of which he showed so much judgment and skill, that, on their completion, he was appointed assistant engineer, which responsible office he held until 1843. During his leisure hours, and on rainy days and nights, he read law with Heman A. Moore, a rising lawyer of Columbus, who died shortly after, while representing the Franklin district in Congress. After leaving the employ of the State, young Reinhard, in company with his present partner, Frederick Fieser, started "Der Westbote," a weekly Democratic newspaper, printed in the German language. The first number of the paper was issued and printed in a frame building on east Friend street, on the lot where Isaac Eberly's fine residence now stands. The new paper soon became a pecuniary success, and in politics was a power in the State, its circulation extending into every county in Ohio, where there is a German population; and it is now, and for years has been regarded as the most successful German newspaper in the State. It is now printed in the Westbote building, one of the finest business houses on High street, the same in which the banking house of Reinhard & Co. do an extensive and safe business. The printing office, with its steam presses, and large assortment of type, does a large and paying business in book and job printing. In 1852, Mr. Reinhard was elected a member of the city council, and for twenty years, until he refused longer to be a candidate, he was reelected, generally without opposition. For five years he was the presiding officer of the council; and when not president, he was either a member or chairman of the finance committee. To Jacob Reinhard, as much as, if not more than, to any other man, is attributed the fact that Columbus, a growing, populous, and wealthy city, had less taxation imposed upon her citizens than any other in the State. 'The effect of this low taxation was to invite business, and it was at that time that Columbus took its star, in manufacturing, which has added so much to its growth that it now stands the third- in the State in population, and in substantial prosperity is excelled by none. In the development of the resources of his adopted city, Mr. Reinhard always took an active part, by aiding, to the extent of his means, every enterprise calculated to advance its interests and that of the producing classes. From his careful business habits, Mr. Reinhard was a favorite director in a number of the leading enterprises which have tended to make Columbus a large manufacturing city. Before he was a voter, Mr. Reinhard was a Democrat, and has always been considered as among the ablest and most devoted advocates of the party. For years he has been a member of the State executive committee of that party, and its treasurer. He never practiced law as a profession. Had he done so, there is every reason to believe he would have made a successful practitioner. The only speeches he has made, outside of the city council, were political ones, in defence of his party, its candidates, and its principles. In the wild excitement of 1840, the friends of General Harrison, the Whig candidate for president, challenged any supporter of Mr. Van Buren, the Democratic nominee, to debate with Mr. Lewis Heyl, in the German language, on the issues of the campaign. Mr. Heyl was then prosecuting attorney for Franklin county, and as a public speaker, especially in German, stood first among the Whig orators in the county. Colonel Medary, of the Ohio Statesman, insisted that the challenge be accepted, and that Jacob Reinhard, then working on the National road, be the Democratic champion. Knowing Mr. Heyl's talent as a speaker, it was with the greatest difficulty that Mr. Reinhard could be induced to accept. The debate came off, and was largely attended. Mr. Heyl underrated his opponent, and this gave Mr. Reinhard the advantage. The German Democrats were wild with excitement over Mr. Reinhard's victory over Heyl. Mr. Reinhard was never afterward challenged to a public discussion. On two different occasions he was the nominee of his party for secretary of State; and in 1857, out of a total vote of three hundred and thirty thousand six hundred and ninety-eight, he was only defeated by one thousand one hundred and ninety-seven votes. In his younger days, the only military companies in Columbus were German, and Mr. Reinhard was elected and served as major, a title by which his friends still call him. In 1841 he was married to Miss Catharine Hamann, of Perry county, by whom he had eight sons and three daughters. Four of the former, and two of the latter are still living. The writer of this sketch has known Mr. Reinhard for nearly forty years, intimately and well. In all that time never has he heard a word against his honor or his honesty as a man or citizen. His life has been energetic and active; and as a son, husband, parent, citizen, or public officer, he has not only escaped calumny, but is cited by those who know him best as pure and conscientious, as "God's noblest work, an honest man," in precept and practice, a christian gentleman. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 543 completion of the new cells, will become necessary. The number of convicts in the prison, October 31, 1871, was nine hundred and fifty-five ; number of prisoners October 32, 1878, one thousand six hundred and thirty-three. The present board of directors are as follows: A. D. Heffner, (president); D. McConville, jr., Charles W. Boyd, Charles' Roose, and Isaac G. Peetrey. Officers of the prison are: James B. McWhorten, Hamilton county, warden; Joseph Quinn, Franklin county, deputy warden; Rev. John Burns, Guernsey county, chaplin; James L. Andrews, Franklin county, steward. INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. From the history of this institution, appended to the fortieth annual report of the same, it appears that its establishment is due to the suggestion of the medical profession of this State; and, in deserving this brief eulogy, the profession may well indulge a just pride. Among the subjects suggested for consideration in a medical convention to meet in Columbus, in the winter of 1835, was the following : “The location and erection of public asylums for the reception of the insane, and for the instruction of the blind." Whatever may have been the connection between the discussion of these questions and the action of the general assembly, it is significant that the session of that body for 1834-35, authorized the governor to obtain statistics of the unfortunate of the State, and that in his message to the thirty-fourth general assembly, Governor Robert Lucas reported that from fifty-five counties the number of idots returned was five hundred and eight; of lunatics, two hundred and six; and of blind persons, two hundred and two. And here it may be said that, although the honor of taking the initiative step in this great work may belong to one profession, the noble men whose active and unselfish labors through nearly half a century have been given to this enterprise, have been among the most honored in every department of public life. As officers or co-workers, their lives are a part of this magnificent benefaction. And even, to those least endowed with ideality, the fine architectural forms which win our admiration in the new asylum, massive but graceful, are a fit expression of deeds that uplift, and ministries that bless. The legislature of 1836 appointed a board of trustees, composed of Rev. James Hoge, N. H. Swayne, esq., and Dr. W. M. Awl, intrusted with the duty of obtaining information in regard to the instruction of the blind in letters and mechanical arts, and with embodying the same in a report to the next general assembly, together with an estimate of the cost of opening a school for the blind of this State. As the readiest means of creating an intelligent interest in the new enterprise (and let it be remembered that forty-five years ago the subject of educating the blind had scarcely been recognized as a field for philanthropic effort), Dr. Samuel G. Howe, the director of the New England Institution for the Blind at Boston, visited the State, in response to the invitation of the board of trustees, and on the twenty-third of December, 1836, ad- dressed the _legislature, and exhibited the proficiency of some of the pupils of that institution, by whom he was accompanied. Another effort was made to ascertain more accurately the number of blind in the State ; and, from fifty-nine counties, two hundred and seventy-eight were reported, sixty of whom, it was estimated, were suitable in age and mental endowment to receive instruction. By an act, passed April 3, 1837, the Institution for the Blind was established, and an appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars was made for its equipment. On the fourth of July, of the same year, the opening exercises of the school were held in the Presbyterian church, in the presence of the teachers and pupils of the Sunday-schools of the city, who, to the number of nine hundred, had assembled to celebrate the sixty-first anniversary of our national independence. Only five blind pupils were present, and in November following there were but eleven. Mr. A. W. Penniman, a graduate of the Massachusetts asylum, was the first teacher employed. The asylum building was occupied by the school in October, 1839. In the last report of the board of trustees and officers of this institution, the present superintendent, G. L. Smead, calls attention to the fact that only sixty-four of the eighty-eight counties of the State, have been represented in it by one or more pupils. If there are any blind children in those counties, of proper age and mental capacity, they ought to be enjoying the privileges of the institution. There are in the State about fifteen hundred blind persons. Of these, probably two hundred and twenty-five are under twenty-one years of age; and of this number one hundred and twenty-five only are in the institution. Is this not an appeal to all philanthropic persons to look out the proper subjects of this beneficent institution, and to see that none lose its benefits, through their indifference or neglect? March 11, 1851, the distinction between indigent and pay pupils was abolished, and the maintenance of all pupils, resident in the State, was provided for at the public expense, parents being required to clothe, and pay traveling and incidental expenses. The institution is designed to give all the blind of the State, of suitable age and mental capacity, a common-school education, with such trades and professions as will fit them to gain an independent livelihood. The whole expenditure of the State for permanent improvements, up to the time of the report of the board of trustees, for 1876, was four hundred and sixty-one thousand, three hundred and one dollars and fifty-two cents. The total expense of maintaining the institution since its establishment, is seven hundred and forty-nine thousand, eighty-two dollars and seventy-four cents. The whole number of pupils admitted, up to the last report, 1878, is nine hundred and eighty-nine. The old house, including the outbuildings, cost about thirty-four thousand, four hundred and nine dollars and thirty-four cents. The new building, including heating apparatus, three hundred and sixty-seven thousand, eight hundred and 'ninety-two dollars and eighteen cents. The new building, one of the finest structures in the State, was commenced in 1870, and was first occupied by the school, May 21, 1874. 544 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The institution has had thirty-nine trustees. The names of the first board have been given. The names appended to the annual report of the board, for 1878, are as follows : Joseph Falkenbach, W. R. Wing, C. Blaser, S. 1). Houpt, and Harmon Austin. The following are the names, in the order of their succession, of the six superintendents who have given the institution faithful service: A. W. Penniman, Wm. Chapin, George McMillen, R. E. Harts, Dr. A. I). Lord, and G. L. Smead, the present incumbent. OHIO INSTITUTION FOR THE EDUCATION OF THE DEAF AND DUMB. In the very eloquent address of Superintendent Fay, of this institution, delivered before the convention of American instructors, in August, 1879, we find language which leaves nothing to be desired as an introduction to this brief sketch. "The germinating principle," he says, "that was to develop an institution, when needed, was really contained in the constitution of 1802, which said: "Religion, morality, and knowledge, being essentially necessary to good government, and the happiness of mankind, schools, and the means of instruction, shall forever he encouraged by legislative provision, not inconsistent with the rights of conscience." "This grand purpose, after fifty years of trial, was reasserted in the constitution of 1851, which says: 'Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, and deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered and supported by the State.' This sentiment and purpose," he continues, "reinforced by the humane and religious character of our people, was the real rock upon which the institution for the deaf and dumb was first established, and upon which it has since arisen and been sustained." Previous to any enactments in regard to this matter, several unsuccessful attempts had been made, and in different parts of the State, to establish schools for the instruction of the deaf and dumb, and in various ways had the attention of successive legislatures been called to this deeply interesting subject. It was known that two of this unfortunate class of children—fortunate in being born to fathers whose means permitted it, had been sent, one to the New England institution, and the other to that of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia. One father, made bold by his anxiety to secure this advantage for his unfortunate son, had made an application for State aid, but was unsuccessful. In 1822, an act was passed, requiring persons engaged in taking an enumeration of white persons in the several townships in each county, to ascertain the number of deaf and dumb of all ages, and make returns of the same. No returns were made in Athens and Hamilton counties. Four hundred and twenty-eight were returned, however, two hundred and eighty-eight of the number being under twenty years of age. But in the same year in which this return was made to the legislature, the subject of the canal was referred to a committee of the house of representatives, and the interest in this was all-absorbing in various sections of the State. There seemed to many, doubtless, neither time nor means to be devoted to "outside issues ;" but Providence had guided the order of events. Behind this standing army, evoked by the legislature, of nearly three hundred voiceless petitioners, stood anxious fathers and tearful mothers. More potent, because mute, the appeal stirred the hearts of many fathers, to whom the questions came : What if this shadow rested upon my household ? What if a child walked by my side, whose heart had never been gladdened by the voice of paternal love, and whose soul was shackled by chains which the State alone had power to strike away? What wonder, then, that provisions for the education of the deaf and dumb could not be long delayed? The finances of the State were, it is true, taxed to their utmost in the construction of improvements imperatively demanded for the development of its resources. These must be done, but just as impossible was it to leave the other undone. The men of the Ohio of that day were converting a savage wild into the garden of to-day, but they themselves, let. it be remembered, were not emerging from a state of barbarism, but were the peers of the noblest in the older communities from which they had gone out; and for them to recognize a truth, was to incorporate it in the foundations which they laid so wisely, and which we of to-day venerate and enjoy. The idea of public education once admitted, the wrong of excluding from its benefits those whose misfortunes gave them the first claim, followed naturally—inevitably. Governor Morrow, in his message to the general assembly of 1826-7, at the suggestion of Rev. James Hoge, D. D., said: "I would call your attention to a subject interesting to the feelings of the benevolent and the humane. It is to a provision for the establishing of an asylum for the education of deaf and dumb persons of this State." Dr. Hoge also drew up an elaborate memorial, addressed to the general assembly, and having the signatures of many prominent citizens, urging immediate action. In the house of representatives, December 8, 1826, upon motion of Mr. Doane, of Pickaway, a resolution was adopted referring that portion of the governor's message relating to the establishment of an asylum for the education of the deaf and dumb, to a select -committee of three members, with power to report upon the same, by bill or otherwise. On the twenty-third of the same month, Mr. Higgins, of Butler, offered a resolution instructing the committee to report a bill for the establishment of an asylum. On the twenty-seventh, the bill was reported, and read the first time, had the second reading the next day, and on the ninth of January, passed the house, with little opposition. Though meeting some delay in the senate, it finally passed, January 30, 1827. By the provisions of this act, a board of trustees was to be appointed by the governor, of which he was to be, ex-officio, the president. This first board completed its organization in July, and consisted of the following named gentlemen: Governor Allen Trimble ; Rev. James Hoge, D. D. (secretary), and Gustavus Swan (treasurer), both of Franklin county; Thomas Ewing, of Fairfield county; William Graham, of Ross county; Rev. William Burton, of Pickaway county; John H. James, of Champaign county; Thomas D. Webb, of Trumbull county; and Sampson Mason, of Clark county. It was their exalted privilege to organize the first of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 545 that circle of beneficent institutions which is now the glory of the State of Ohio, and whose records shall stimulate humane effort not only in our own land, but throughout the civilized world. As always, perhaps, in grand enterprises, the first steps were slow and painful, but they have conducted at last to the realization of prouder achievements than those who toiled at the foundation were permitted even to dream of. The first appropriation for erecting buildings was made in 1832, when the school had been three years in progress. By the year 1834, it had changed its location three times, and had received fifty-seven pupils. The buildings erected by the first appropriation were designed to accommodate eighty pupils, and were put up at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars. In 1844, the attendance of over a hundred compelled the erection of an extension, which gave 'room for one hundred and fifty; and that number it reached in 1853. In 1844, the odious distinction between pay and poor pupils was obliterated, by making tuition free, by law, to all Ohio mutes. In this, Ohio took a step in advance of her sister States, which they were not slow in imitating. Applications for admission multiplied. A quarter of a century had passed since the building of the first asylum. The dilapidated condition of the main building, the duty of erecting additional buildings, the distress of parents, on account of the indefinite postponement of the reception of their children, were, year after year, urged in official reports upon the State legislatures. The shock which, in 1861, was felt through the remotest arteries of public life, checked, momentarily, this pressure of the claims of the asylum, but gathering strength from the brief restraint, it triumphed in 1864, in the passage of an act without a dissenting voice, providing for the erection of new buildings, to be plain, substantial, and sufficient. Its erection was made the duty not of the trustees, but of the governors of the State. Under the direction of the successive governors, Brough, Anderson, Cox, and Hayes, the present structure, designed by James M. Blackburn, of Cleveland, with its front of four hundred feet, and a depth of nearly three hundred, was carried up, during the years from 1864 to 1869, inclusive, at a cost of six hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. Though designed for four hundred pupils, with resident officers and employes, its present attendance is four hundred and forty. This noble pile (for it is in fact not one, but eight buildings, suitably connected), said to be the most extensive and complete in the world, for its purpose, conforming strictly, as it does, to the legislative requirement, corrects the popular fallacy that architecture can not be plain, and at the same time in a high degree imposing. With regard to the history of instruction for the deaf and dumb, there is. room but for a word and, in truth, but few words to be written; as it is the comely child of modern civilization. It is significant that it, not only originated with the French, but has met its greatest successes with that vivacious people, who, to a bewildering volubility, add the most effective pantomime. The theory and art, broached by L'Epee, and improved by Sicard, his pupil, were introduced into the United States by Laurent Clerc and the elder Gallaudet, where they found a fruitful soil, and where, in rapid succession, a long line of American institutions for the education of the deaf and dumb have arisen, that of Ohio being the fifth. The subject is worthy of volumes of tribute from the most gifted pens, and to such the task is left. A few statements, replete with themes for those permitted to enter these inviting fields, and we turn lingeringly from this noble institution, dedicated to a noble work. A few only of the names interwoven with the history of the institution, have been, or can be given ; but they are all written in the records of Him who said: " Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto me." Horatio N. Hubbell, its first superintendent, who gave the whole of his active life in its service, and Carey and Stone, his successors, have gone to receive the reward of that welcome from the lips of the King: "Come, ye blessed of my Father." Mr. Weed, called to another field, but laboring in the same cause, and G. O. Fay, the present devoted and efficient superintendent, make the list of presiding officers complete. The time of their administration covers a half century, and the whole number of pupils received during that time is one thousand seven hundred and sixteen. We close, as we began, with the words of another: " Men and women, however noble or favored, must pass away. But the institution itself will endure, to exercise its care and shed its light clearer and steadier from year to year, as long as misfortune shall blight human hopes, or a Merciful Father exist, to temper the sorrows of His afflicted, speechless children." CENTRAL OHIO ASYLUM FOR LUNATICS—(OLD ASYLUM). A State medical convention held in the city of Columbus, January 5, 1835, adopted a memorial, which was sent to the legislature then in session, asking for the erection of an asylum for the insane, adapted in all respects for the relief of mental derangement, and to be creditable to the State of Ohio. The legislature at the same session passed an act to establish a lunatic asylum for the State of Ohio, and appointed directors to secure a site and attend to the erection of the necessary buildings. The directors appointed were: Dr. Samuel Parsons and Dr. William M. Awl, of Columbus, and General Samuel McCracken, of Lancaster. At different dates, between 1835, when the first parcel of thirty acres was bought, and 1869, when the last purchase of seven and a half acres was made, seventy-one and a half acres were purchased at a cost of something less than twenty-two thousand dollars. This land was finely situated and in a compact form, lying in the northeast corner of the city of Columbus. In July, 1835, N. B. Kelley was appointed architect. His plans, modeled after the asylum in Worcester, Massachusetts, then thought to be the most complete institution of the kind in the United States, were approved by the trustees. The plan was that of a central building with lateral extensions or front wings; and this central building, which was the first erected, was to accomodate one hundred and twenty patients. The plans and estimates having been submitted by the directors to the leg- 69 546 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. islature, the necessary appropriations were made in March, 1836, and the corner-stone was laid on the twentieth of April, 1837. The central building was completed in November, 1839, but as an enlargement was soon found necessary, the west wing was commenced in 1845. The east end was finished in 1846, and the centre wing in 1847, when the building was considered complete. The entire cost was one hundred and fifty-three thousand eight hundred and twenty-one dollars and eighty-four cents. Forty-eight thousand six hundred and seventy-one dollars and thirteen cents is to be credited to convict labor. The building had a front of three hundred and seventy feet with a depth of two hundred and eighteen feet, and covered just one acre of ground. Twenty-one years after the completion of the last building and when it was filled to its utmost capacity with this most unfortunate class of persons, the asylum was burned, November 18, 1868. The fire was discovered early in the evening while two hundred of the patients were in the amusement hall. Of the forty-two in the ward in which the fire originated, six were suffocated before it was possible to reach them, although every endeavor was made. The night was one of the most inclement of the season, and three hundred and fourteen insane patients had to be provided with suitable quarters. Fortunately, the hospital had escaped the general conflagration, and in this building and in the institution for the deaf and dumb, the patients were temporarily cared for. They were, eventually, distributed among the different asylums of the State. The superintendent, Dr. William L. Peck, says, in his report for 1869, that the fire was discovered in the clothing-room of one of the wards. The only fire in any of the wards was that of the gas-lights, and the most probable solution of the question as to the origin of the fire, was, that one of the patients had lighted some combustible substance at one of the gas-burners, and had thrown it through the open transom into the clothing-room. The city fire department was summoned by the alarm-telegraph, and reported promptly for duty; and every possible effort was made to stay the devouring flames; but the supply of water was insufficient, and nothing remained but to abandon the main building to destruction. The following is a list of the medical gentlemen who served as superintendents of the Central Lunatic asylum, from its origin to its removal beyond the city limits: William M. Awl, M. D., S. Hanbury Smith, M. D., Elijah Kendrick, M. D., George E. Eels, M. D., R. Hills, M. D. W. L. Peck, M. D., of Circleville, was appointed superintendent in 1865, and held the office at the time of the destruction of the asylum as already related. After that event, Dr. Peck was employed in attending to the interests of the Central Asylum district, and superintending the grounds and farm embraced in the new purchase, and the construction of the new asylum. An act was passed by the legislature on the twenty-third of April, 1869, authorizing the erection of buildings on the asylum grounds, for properly accommodating four hundred patients, at a cost not exceeding four hundred thousand dollars. Under this act, Levi F. Schofield was employed as architect. The work of removing the old walls was begun, and the ground for the founda tions of the new building was formally broken on the twenty-fourth of October, 1869, Governor Hayes participating in the ceremonies. On the eighteenth of April. 1870, the legislature passed an act for the sale of the old asylum grounds for not less than two hundred thousand dollars, and the purchase of other grounds in the vicinity of Columbus, for a sum not exceeding one hundred thousand dollars. By this sale seventy-one and a fraction acres which had cost the State about twenty-two thousand dollars, was sold for two hundred and five thousand dollars. A purchase was made of William Sullivant, for the minimum sum named in the act, of three hundred acres, admirably located, and in all respects adapted for the uses of an asylum for the insane. The following are the names of the last board elected previous to the removal: L. M. Smith (president), Henry Curtis, W. B. Thrall, John Hunter, Philip M. Wagenhals, and N. J. Turney. The history of the present Asylum for the Insane will be found in that of Franklin township, to which township it has been removed. The purchasers of the asylum tract from the State had the grounds platted and laid, out into lots with handsome streets, avenues, and parks. To this important and beautiful addition to the city, was given the appropriate name of East Park place. ASYLUM FOR IDIOTIC AND IMBECILE YOUTH. An asylum for the education of idiotic and imbecile youth was established by an act of the legislature, passed April 17, 1857. By the same act the following board of trustees was appointed: William Dennison, jr., of Columbus; Asher Cook, of Perrysburg, and N. S. Townshend, of Avon. The trustees appointed Dr. R. J. Patterson, superintendent of the institution, and the asylum was opened in a house leased for five years by the board, and situated on Friend street, opposite the asylum for the blind. Prior to November 1, 1857, sixteen pupils had been received, and applications made for more than could be accommodated. Dr. Patterson resigned his position, as superintendent, November 1, 1860. At that date, he reported that the building was crowded, there being thirty-five pupils, and that during the year many applicants had been excluded for want of room. In February, 1861, Dr. G. A. Doren was appointed superintendent, and continued in that position at the time of the removal of the asylum beyond the limits of the city, in 1868. The building was enlarged during the first year of Dr. Doren's connection with the institution, and the number of pupils rose to fifty. In 1864, an appropriation of twenty-five thousand dollars was made for the purchase of a site for the permanent location, and erection of buildings thereon. The site selected is on the west side of the Scioto, on elevated ground, overlooking the city, the fine buildings constituting one of the striking features of landscape, as seen from the capitol. THE STATE ARSENAL. Previous to the erection of the arsenal, the State rented store-rooms for the deposit of the public arms. It is even on record that from September, 1851, to January, 1855, the State was paying rent for the occupancy HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 547 of its own premises. It happened in this wise: After the removal of the prisoners to the new penitentiary, the walls of the old prison yard, and the main prison building erected in 1818, were sold by the State officers, and removed. The original building, of 1813, and the brick store-house, built by Wright, in. 1823, were, however, still standing, and were used by the quartermaster-general: one as a place for the deposit of arms, and the other, as a workshop for cleaning and repairing the same. Thus, for the time, these two buildings became a State armory, and so continued until the year 1855, when both were taken down, and the material sold, or used about the new State house. About the time of the removal [1834] a question arose as to the ownership of the ten-acre lot set apart by the original proprietors for the location of the penitentiary. The legislature twice referred the question to a committee composed of members of the legal profession, and a majority of each committee reported in favor of the title of the State. In March, 1847, Elijah Backus brought suit in the name of Gustavus Swan and M. J. Gilbert, against R. N. Slocum, quartermaster-general, occupying the building, for the recovery of the old penitentiary tract. The case was continued until June, 1851, when judgment was rendered against the defendant by default. The plaintiffs were put in possession, by the sheriff, in September following; and Mr. Backus then, as the attorney of the plaintiffs, rented to the State the buildings it had occupied as its own. In 1852, George E. Pugh, attorney-general, brought suit for the recovery of the land, in the name of the State, against S. W. Andrews, quartermaster-general, in possession under a lease from Backus, or his clients. The court of common pleas, of Franklin county, rendered judgment in the case against the State. An appeal was taken to the district court, by George W. McCook, attorney-general, and, on the twenty-first of September, the State obtained judgment; on the nineteenth of January, following, the secretary of State, as the representative of Ohio, was, by Thomas Miller, sheriff of Franklin county, formally put in the possession of the disputed territory. Whether the State recovered "back pay" (or rather "pay back"), the historian is not informed. Acts, having reference to the establishment of a State arsenal, were passed by the legislature, April 18, 1857, and March 24, 1859, but no progress was made until after the act of March 17, 186o, authorizing the governor to sell the lots on the old penitentiary grounds, reserving three contiguous lots as a site for the State arsenal, and to apply six thousand dollars of the proceeds additional to the proceeds of previous sales of lots, and the sales of old arms, to the "prosecution of the State arsenal." The act further provided, that the building to be erected for this purpose, should not cost over fourteen thousand dollars. In compliance with this act, the arsenal was erected, in 186o, and an appropriation of two thousand, five hundred dollars was made, in 1863, for grading and fencing the lot and improving the arsenal. The building is one hundred feet in length, by sixty in breadth. It has a gun room, sixty feet square, on the -main floor, with the armorer's room and office, each twenty feet square and sixteen feet in height. The second story is one hundred feet by sixty, and twenty feet high, without a column, and is appropriated to the arrangement of small arms. There are lofty octagonal towers at each angle of the building, and by means of winding stairs in these, access is had to the second and third floors. In the towers are numerous windows and loop-holes, commanding all approaches to the building. To the timid, these frowning towers may seem to proclaim, "I am for war;" but when it is remembered that to be ready for war is the best guarantee of peace, the arsenal must be looked upon as one of the conservators of that good order for which the capital city is noted. A superintendent, appointed by the adjutant-general, is in charge of the premises, Frank Stible, of Sandusky, being the present incumbent. The workshop has been discontinued. THE STATE LIBRARY. To indulge in reminiscences is often wise and sometimes pleasant. The visitor who to-day gazes with admiration upon the elegant appointments and well-filled shelves of our State library, may find his enjoyment enhanced, and his respect for small beginnings at the same time increased, if he allow his thoughts to wander back to the "small room fitted up" to receive Governor Thomas Worthington's first purchase of books for a State library, in 1817. It will be pleasant also for him to recall the fact, that. the next legislature not only approved of this use of the contingent fund, but appropriated a thousand dollars to make additions to that "small collection of valuable books" which was the nucleus of the splendid collection which now environs him. Leaving our friend to his pleasing reverie, which links the past with the present, and remembering that the pen was placed in our hand with a warning which turns us away from the inviting alcoves and graceful galleries—from the who and the how, to the how many—we complete our allotted task under harsh limitations. One word, however, before, without figures of speech, we proceed to show how the "little one" has become, not a "thousand," but many thousands. In those early times, when the century was adolescent, and the library in its infancy, little was seen of the younger of the twain, and very properly, outside of the governor's household—the secretary, the treasurer, auditor of State, the judges of the supreme court, members of the general assembly, and their respective clerks, constituting the favored coterie. But now that this collection has taken on such large proportions, has become comprehensive, including all departments of literature, and is no longer in any sense special, made up of codes and commentaries, who will rise and explain to us why one young miss,-book in hand, trips down the capitol steps with an air that says the blood of a privileged class flows in her veins, while her companion, who has been elected to witness her triumphal march through the capitol, must walk more soberly, "with meek hands folded"? Ah ! "She is the daughter, the sister, or the cousin, of a governor, a judge, or of one of their respective clerks." And her companion ? "Is only the daugh- 548 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. ter, or sister, or cousin, of the man whose vote made the governor, or the judge, and whose domain furnished the revenue to spread the feast from which she is debarred." Can we say that, in all things, the century has passed from youth to manhood ? Turning at once from this incipient stage in the history of an institution that may well be the pride of a commonwealth, which, though young in years, is full of the strength and symmetry of maturity, we shall notice only the date a- nd scope of the legislative enactments for the management and enlargement of the library. The first library law was passed by the legislature for 1823-4, and provided for the appointment of a librarian by the legislature, for the term of three years; fixed his salary at two hundred dollars a year, and required him to give bond in two thousand dollars for the faithful discharge of his duties.. Previously to this act the library had been kept open only during the session of the legislature; and the first State librarian, John L. Harper, received two dollars a day for his services. From this date to 1844, appropriations for the library were made annually, varying from three hundred and fifty to one thousand dollars, and at this last date the number of volumes had increased to eight thousand, one hundred and seventy-two. On the sixth of March, 1845, a law was passed constituting a board of commissioners, to be composed of the governor, the secretary of state, and the librarian. This board was to make rules and regulations, superintend all expenditures, and report annually to the legislature. All persons were permitted to visit the library and examine and read books. Members and ex-members of the legislature, judges of the supreme court, and State officers were allowed to take out books under the rules, but not to give any other person an order for books. The law of 1845 fixed no term of office, nor the amount of salary for the librarian. He was, however, paid four hundred dollars for 1845, and the year following, five hundred dollars. From 1842 to 1852, the appropriations to the library amounted to five thousand, six hundred dollars, and the number of volumes had increased in 1852, to thirteen thousand, six hundred and forty. On the twenty-seventh of January, 1853, the legislature passed a library act, repealing all previous ones. This act limited the term of the librarian to two years, fixed his bond at ten thousand dollars, and required him to make an annual report to the governor. In 1854, an act was passed requiring the librarian to cause to be bound, all newspapers, periodicals, and pamphlets, received at, or furnished to the State library. The annual salary of the librarian was fixed by law, in March, 1866, at fifteen hundred dollars. The manuscript department contains, besides miscellaneous papers, those of governors R. J. Meigs, Thomas Worthington, and Ethan Allen Brown; the celebrated St. Clair papers, purchased by authority of the legislature, containing the correspondence, messages, documents, and manuscripts generally, of Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest territory for fourteen years, from 1788 to 1802. The library commissioners' report, for 1878, gives the total registered number of bound volumes at forty-six thousand and two. The library has occupied the spacious and well arranged room in the State house since January, 1858. In the language of the above report : "The main library room is one of fine taste and exceeding pleasantness, and, all In all, the Ohio State library may justly be regarded with great pride by our people." LIBRARIANS. The following are the names of the several State librarians, with the dates of their appointment : John L. Harper, 1817; John McElvain, 1818; David S. Broderick, 1820; Zachariah Mills, 1824; Thomas Kennedy, 1842; John Greines, 1845 ; Elijah Hayward, 1851; James W. Taylor, 1854; W. T. Coggeshall, 1856; S. G. Harbaugh, 1862 : W. C. Hood, 1874—(died, February 2, 1875); H. H. Robinson, 1875; R. M. Stimson, 1877; H. V. Kerr, 1879: OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, FORMERLY THE OHIO AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE. On July 2, 1862, the congress of the United States, granted to each State public lands or scrip, equal in amount to thirty thousand acres for each senator and representative then in congress, "for the endowment, support and maintainance of at least. one college, where the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and clasical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts, in such a manner as the leg islatures of the States may respectively prescribe, in order to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes in the several pursuits and professions of life.". On the ninth of February, 1864, the general assembly of the State of Ohio passed an act to accept the grant conveyed in the act above named. Governor John Brough, in his annual message, delivered January, 1865, announced that certificates of scrip for six hundred and thirty thousand acres of land had been received and placed in the State treasury. This was followed by an act to provide for the sale of land-scrip, at the minimum price of eighty cents per acre, passed by the general assembly April 13, 1865; and another to amend this, passed April 5, 1866, to encourage sales by fixing no minimum price. On December l0th, of the same year, the commissioners reported to the legislature the sale of all the scrip, mostly at fifty-three cents per acre. The total proceeds of the sales were three hundred and forty-two thousand four hundred and fifty dollars and eighty cents. This sum was paid into the State treasury during 1866 and 1867, and interest on it was computed from the date of payment at six per cent. In June, 1865, trustees appointed under an act of the legislature, and so chosen as to represent all the industrial classes of the State, received proposals in regard to the location of the college, from various places in different parts of the State; and in December, in accordance with the provisions of the act aforesaid, the board made its report to Governor Anderson. There were, in fact, two reports—the majority, signed by four of the five trustees, recommending that the fund arising from the WILLIAM BELL, JR., was born August 23, 1828, at Utica, Licking county, twelve miles north of Newark, where his father still resides. He passed his youth there, and was educated at Martinsburg academy, in Knox county. The first official position of consequence which he held was that of sheriff of Licking comity. He was elected to that office in 1852, and at the expiration of his term was appointed postmaster at Newark. He retained this position until 1858, when he was again chosen as sheriff. In 187o, he was re-elected. From 1852 to the present time, the subject of this sketch had been almost constantly in some honorable public position, within the gift either of his county or State. The people of Licking made him their county auditor for three successive terms, from 1864 to 187o, and in 1871 he was chosen to represent the county in the lower house of the State legislature. He was re elected in 1873, and in 1874 was honored with election as secretary of State, which office he held for two years. In 1878, he was appointed, by Governor Bishop, corn- missioner of railroads and telegraphs, which position he now occupies. While a member of the house of representatives, he was chairman of the standing committee on public works, and a member of the committee on insurance and municipal corporations. Mr. Bell's whole official career has been characterized by faithfulness, efficiency, and impartiality. He is a man of simple, sterling character, possesses many happy qualities that are seldom found in combination, is of a genial, affable nature, and has the admiration and respect of a very wide circle of friends, not simply in the party of which he is a member, but among his political opponents as well. He has been a life-long Democrat, and prominently and actively identified with the history of the party in the State for the past thirty years. Mr. Bell was married, January r, 1856, to Lizzie 0. Ocheltree, of Newark. The offspring of this union are: one son, Sam C., chief clerk in the commissioner's office, and two daughters, Virginia M. and Maggie 0. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 549 sale of the land-scrip should be equally divided, and that half should be devoted to the reorganization of Miami university, bringing its course of study into conformity to provisions of the congressional grant, and that the other half should be applied to the endowment of an agricultural and mechanical college in the northern part of the State. The minority report, presented by Miles Greenwood, recommended the acceptance of the proposition of Farmers' college. Neither report was adopted by the legislature. A matter of so grave importance could not fail to stir the polular mind in an unusual degree. Questions growing out of the organization and location of an institution appealing to the great mass of the citizens of the State, were of necessity the subjects of earnest and prolonged discussion, not only in the legislature and by the press, but in all ranks of society throughout the State. Many, and with much reason, strenously advocated the division of the fund among institutions already founded, and in part equipped. Others, and more, with weightier reasons, opposed division. The State board of agriculture, especially, labored actively and persistently to prevent any such division. At the end of 1867, it was very generally conceded that an independent college, untrammeled by traditions, must be established upon this fund. This noble foundation which is the financial basis of the present college, has been augmented by about forty-seven per cent. of itself, through the additions of interest, simple and compound, until at the opening of the institution in 1873, it amounted to five hundred thousand dollars. Its security is established by being made a part of the irreducible debt of the State. On March 7, 1868, a joint committee from the senate and the house of representatives, was appointed with authority to receive propositions for the location of the college, and to report the same to the legislature. This committee, consisting of four members from the senate, and eight from. the house, was also empowered to receive propositions for experimental farms and proposals of donations towards the erection of suitable college buildings. At the ensuing session, the committee reported propositions from Worthington, Wooster, Oxford, Urbana, London, and Newark, with liberal offers or donations of land and money from each of the competing towns. Majority and minority reports were brought in, as in 1865, and as in the former case neither report secured favorable action in the legislature. Various attempts were made afterwards to settle the questions involved, but without success, until, on March 22, 187o, a bill was passed by the legislature, the date of which may be taken as the initial date of the present institution; though, in an important sense, all the previous history of enactment and discussion was initiatory. This act, entitled an act to establish and maintain an agricultural college in Ohio, contained eighteen sections, a portion of the first of which only, is important in this history, and is as follows: " Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Ohio, That a college, to be styled the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, is hereby established in this State, in accordance with the provision of an act of congress of the United States, passed July 2, 1862." Under this act a board of nineteen trustees was appointed by Governor R. B. Hayes, and his appointments were confirmed by the senate. The following gentlemen composed the board, arranged in the order of their congressional districts: Aaron F. Ferry, Joseph F. Wright, Richard C. Anderson, William B. McClung, William Sawyer, James M. Trimble, Joseph Sullivant, Thomas C. Jones, Warren P. Noble, James W. Ross, Ralph Leete, Daniel Keller, Marvin M. Munson, Norton S. Townshend, Valentine B. Horton, John C. Jamison, Cornelius Aultman, John R. Buchtel, and Henry B. Perkins. The board held its first meeting in Columbus on the eleventh of May, 187o, and effected a permanent organization, by the election of Valentine B. Horton, president; R. C. Anderson, secretary, and Joseph Sullivant, treasurer. By a legislative act, passed April 18, 187o, the several counties of the State were authorized to raise money to secure the location of the college. An address was also issued by the executive committee to the people of the State, prepared by Hon. V. B. Horton, president of the board, and chairman of said committee, setting forth the aims, purposes, and wants of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical college, and inviting the citizens of the State, through their counties, to raise the necessary funds for providing land, buildings, and outfit, for the college. The following named counties competed for the location under the above act: Champaign, Clark, Franklin, and Montgomery. Champaign and Clark offered the same amount—two hundred thousand dollars, in eight per cent. county bonds. Franklin offered three hundred thousand dollars, in seven per cent. bonds, and Montgomery offered, by pledges of several of her prominent citizens, four hundred thousand dollars, in eight per cent. bonds. After prolonged, and thorough discussion, the proposition of Franklin county was accepted, and, on October 13, 187o, the college was located within the limits of the city of Columbus, on a farm of about three hundred and seventeen acres of excellent land. The donation of Franklin county was increased by contributions from citizens of Columbus, and by two of the railroads entering here, to the amount of about twenty-eight -thousand dollars. The railroad companies contributing were the Cleveland, Columbus and Indianapolis and the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati and St. Louis railroads. This sum was appropriated to the purchase of the farm, and the erection of the necessary college and farm buildings, and to the equipment of several departments of instruction. A site for the college was selected, and architects were invited to furnish plans for the building. That prepared by Mr. Jacob Snyder, of Akron, was finally adopted, and the building was put under contract, to be completed in 1872, at a cost of one hundred and twelve thousand, four hundred and fifty dollars. A boarding hall and dormitory was also ordered, at an estimated cost of twenty thousand dollars, at a later date. A second dormitory, providing accommodations for twenty students, who may desire to board themselves, has since been erected. The main building, including the projections of the buttresses, has a frontage of two hundred