550 -HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. and thirty-five feet, and will accommodate from four to five hundred students. The dormitory and boarding hall provides accommodations for seventy-five students. The plan of study to be pursued in the college was made the subject of very earnest discussion in the board of trustees, and though quite divergent views were at first held, on January 6, 1874, they united in adopting the general plan presented by Joseph Sullivant, esq., of Columbus. This plan had for its aim the establishment of a scientific school of a liberal character. To Mr. Sullivant was also assigned the equipment of laboratories and cabinets, a fund of twenty-five thousand dollars being set aside for this purpose, including the necessary furniture of the building. In 1874, a re-organization of the board of trustees was effected by legislative enactment, reducing the number of trustees to five, to be appointed by the governor, with the advice and consent of the senate. A second re-organization was made in 1877, making the board to consist of one member from each congressional district of the State of Ohio. By this act the board was increased from five to twenty. In May, 1878, a third re-organization of the board of trustees was made, and the name of the institution was also changed from the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical college to The Ohio State university. The act of 1878, provides that the government of the university shall be vested in a board of seven trustees, who shall be appointed by the governor of the State, with the advice and consent of the senate. The paramount importance of a wise judgment in the selection of the faculty of the new institution, was early recognized by the board of trustees. The following named gentlemen were members of the faculty during the first year: Thomas C. Mendenhall, of Columbus, professor of physics and mechanics; Sidney A. Norton, of Cincinnati, professor of general and applied chemistry; Joseph Millikin, of Hamilton, professor of English and modern languages; and Norton S. Townshend, of Avon, professor of agriculture. Professor Edward Orton had declined the professorship of geology, but in April succeeding, the presidency of the institution was offered to him, which he accepted in May. The professorship of geology was also assigned to him. During the summer of 1873, Professor R. W. McFarland, of Oxford, was called to the professorship of mathematics, the subject of civil engineering being also assigned to his department. Mr. John H. Wright, a recent graduate of Dartmouth college, was appointed assistant professor in the department of languages. The college. was opened for the reception of students, September 17, 1873. In January, 1874, Professor Albert H. Tuttle was appointed to the chair of zoology, and at the same time, Thomas Mathew, of Columbus, was appointed instructor in drawing, free-hand and mechanical, and also in photography and lithography. In June, 1875, William Colvin, of Cincinnati, was appointed professor of political economy and civil polity, and the science of accounts was also assigned to his department. Miss Alice Williams was, at the time, made an assistant in the department of English and modern languages. At a meeting of the trustees June 20, 1877, the curriculum of the college was changed, by striking therefrom the department of political economy and civil polity, and substituting therefor the department of mines, mine engineering, and metallurgy. An act to establish a school of mines and mine engineering, had been passed by the legislature in May of the same year, and the sum of four thousand five hundred dollars appropriated out of the general revenue fund, to be expended in providing apparatus, equipments, cabinets, etc. The professorship of this department was accepted by John A. Chinch, E. M., who entered upon his duties in January, 1878. Professor T. C. Mendenhall resigned his professorship in 1878, to accept a similar position in the Imperial university of Tokio, Japan. The board, at the request of the faculty, conferred on Professor Mendenhall the degree of doctor of philosophy. In July following, S. W. Robinson, accepted the chair vacated by Professor Mendenhall, charged with the immediate establishment of a department of mechanical engineering. Miring the first year of the college, there were in attendance ninety students, and during the fifth, three hundred and nine. In 1876, First Lieutenant Luigi Lomia, of the Fifth United States artillery, was, pursuant to the request of the board, detailed by the secretary of war, to take charge of the military instruction which the institution is required to give. The board of trustees made military drill obligatory on the part of all the young men of the college, except those who should be excused on account of religious scruples or physical disability, and the war department of the United States furnished arms, ammunition, and accoutrements. By enactment of the general assembly, passed May r, 1878, no student will be required hereafter to take part in military drill, or provide any military or particular uniform, except those who elect to study military tactics. Under the act of May 1, 1878, reorganizing the government of the university, the following board of trustees was appointed by Governor R. M. Bishop: Hon. James B. Jamison, S. H. Ellis, Hon. Stephen Johnston, Hon. T. J. Godfrey, Alston Ellis, T. Ewing Miller and Hon. J. H. Anderson. THE OLD UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE. Among the buildings which first occupied the public square (besides those already described), was a United States court house, a short distance north of the first State house and State offices. It was a plain, two-story brick building, with a rough foundation of stone. It was a square structure, about fifty feet on each side, the roof rising from the four sides to an apex in the center, surmounted by a circular dome. On each side of the hall, through the center of the lower story, were two rooms for the offices of the clerk and marshal of the courts, and for jury rooms. In the second story, was the large courtroom and jury-room. The greater portion of the money for the erection of the building was raised by subscription among the citizens of Columbus. This was done HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 551 as an inducement to the government to remove the United States courts from Chillicothe, where they had been previously held. It was not to be supposed that Chillicothe would submit to their removal without a struggle, after having already been deprived of the State capital. But her opposition proved unavailing, and the courts were removed to Columbus, in 1821, and continued to be held there till 1855, when Columbus, in turn, was obliged to give them up to Cincinnati. Soon after this last removal, the old building was taken down. It had been used, also, for the county courts, from 1824, when Columbus first became the county seat, until 1840, when the present court house of the county was finished. The clerks and marshals, while the United States courts were held at Columbus, were as follows: Harvey I). Evans was clerk, and Dr. John Hamm, of Zanesville, was marshal, at the time of the removal from Chillicothe; Mr. Evans died in July, 1825, and Wm. K. Bond, then of Chillicothe, succeeded him as clerk. In 1829, or 183o, Mr. Bond was succeeded by William Miner, who filled the office at the time of removal to Cincinnati, and for several years afterward. The following, after Dr. Hamm, were marshals in the order named : William Doherty, General John Patterson, of Jefferson county; John Patterson, of Adams; John McElvain; D. B. Robertson, of Fairfield county; G. W. Jones, of Knox county; and H. H. Robinson, of Cincinnati. CANAL CELEBRATIONS. On the fourth of July, 1825, the commencement of the Ohio canal was celebrated at Licking summit. Governor De Witt Clinton, the great canal king of New York, was present, accompanied by Solomon Van Renssalaer and Messrs. Rathbone and Lord, who made the first loan to Ohio for canal purposes. Governor Clinton, on the Wednesday following, was escorted to Columbus, by General Warner and suite, Colonel P. H. Olmsted's squadron of cavalry, Captain Hurzel's light infantry, Captain O'Harra's artillery, and Captain Andrew McElvain's rifle corps. In the State house, in the presence of a large number of citizens, Governor Clinton was welcomed, by Governor Morgan, to Ohio, and its young and growing capital. Governor Clinton, in his response, eulogized our State and its canal enterprise, closing with this remarkable, but over-sanguine, prediction, inspired, doubtless, by the great enthusiasm over the recent completion of the Erie canal, in his own State: "In five years," said Governor Clinton, "it (the canal) may, and probably will, be completed, and I am clearly of the opinion that, in ten years after the comsummation of this work, it will produce an annual revenue of at least half a million of dollars." The citizens of Columbus and Franklin county had another celebration, which concerned more nearly their feelings and interest. It took place on the twenty-seventh of April, 1827, when the first spade was struck into the ground, for the excavation of a lateral branch of the Ohio canal, to and from the State capital. On that day, nearly a thousand people assembled at the State house. A procession, preceded, by the several military organizations of the city, State officers, and citizens, marched to a place designated, near the present entrance of the lateral branch into the Scioto river. A brief, but pertinent, address was delivered by Joseph R. Swan, and General McLane, secretary of State ; and Nathaniel McLean, keeper of the penitentiary, then removed the first earth taken up for the opening of the branch canal, which was wheeled away by R. Osborn and H. Brown, auditor and treasurer of State, amid the cheers and shouts of the enthusiastic assemblage. It took over four years to complete the branch canal. On the twenty-third of September, 1831, the first boat arrived at Columbus, by way of the canal, the event being signalized by the firing of cannon. The "Governor Brown," launched at Circleville, a few days before, was the pioneer boat. It was neatly fitted up, and had on board, as passengers, many prominent citizens of Pickaway, county. Early the next morning, a large deputation of Columbus ladies and gentlemen repaired to the boat, to pay their respects to the visitors. A brief and appropriate address was made by General Flournoy. After the exchange of friendly salutations, the excursionists proceeded on their return to Circleville, accompanied a part of the way by citizens of Columbus, and the Columbus band of music. Two days later, the first boats loaded with freight for Columbus, the "Cincinnati" and the "Red Rover," arrived, and met a most enthusiastic reception. A national salute of twenty-four guns was fired, and Colonel Doherty, in a very neat address, welcomed the commanders of the two boats, in the name of the citizens of Columbus. On the day after their arrival, having disposed of their. freight, the two boats took their departure for Cleveland, with about the same ceremonies as were observed on their arrival. A large number of ladies and gentlemen, with the Columbus band, accompanied their welcome and now departing visitors, as far as the five-mile lock. Here they boarded the "Chillicothe" and "George Baker," going to Columbus, and "returned home, highly delighted with their ride at the rate of three or four miles an hour." THE JERRY FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW. Happily, for the white no less than the black race, slavery no longer exists; but the impress it has left upon our legislation, our legislature, and our national life, can never be effaced. Introduced when our system of government was in its formative state, it will, like the extinct forms of animal and vegetable life embedded in geologic formations, reveal itself through all the coming centuries allotted to our national existence. The present generation will not forget the wide-spread sympathy excited by the story of "Jerry," the fugitive slave; but a thousand years hence the archaeologist will find it among the relics of the distant past, a fossil more interesting for the light it throws upon a cruel institution, long since worn out, than as a record of personal wrong and suffering. Jerry Finney was a colored man who came to our city, about the year 1831 or 1832. On the night of March 27, 1846, he was (whether taken there by force, or decoyed by false representations was not known) arrested in the office of William Henderson, a justice of the peace in Franklinton, as a fugitive slave. The justice delivered him at once to 552 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. the persons claiming him, one of whom, Alexander C. Forbes, held a power of attorney from Mrs. Bethsheba De Long, of Frankfort, Kentucky. Handcuffs were put upon him, he was placed in a carriage in waiting, taken to Cincinnati, and thence to Kentucky. As Jerry was well known to our citizens, his sudden disappearance, and especially the evidences of abduction, caused intense excitement, and open and bitter denouncement. Persons suspected of connivance, or participation in his capture, were arrested and held to bail on the charge of kidnapping. At the ensuing term of the court of common pleas, in July, a bill of indictment was returned against these persons, and also against Alexander C. Forbes, who had not been arrested. All the defendants in custody were put upon trial at the September term of the court. The prosecuting attorney, A. F. Perry, and William Dennison, jr., conducted the prosecution; and N. H. Swayne and F. J. Mathews, managed the defence. The trial excited much interest in the city and abroad. During its progress, one of the jurors, Dr. George Rickey, was discharged on account of serious illness. It was agreed on the part of the State, and of all the defendants, to proceed with the eleven jurors. The jury returned a verdict of "guilty," as to William Henderson, and "not guilty," as to the other defendants. The case was taken to the State supreme court on a writ of error, because of the trial by eleven jurors. The point was sustained by the supreme court, and Henderson was set at liberty. After an attempt to test certain questions of law, in a Kentucky court, it was decided adversely to the claim set up, and the money was raised in Columbus to purchase Jerry's freedom. He was restored to his home and family to end his days, dying soon after his return, from that fell disease, consumption. KOSSUTH'S VISIT. To those whose memory reaches back to the time when the sympathy and admiration of our people for this patriot hero were at the white heat of enthusiasm, no apology is needed for marking his visit to the capital of Ohio, as one of the events in its history, which should he handed down to posterity, conveying an instructive lesson to those who are to follow us. This man, shall our youth be told, did all that prowess and patriotism could inspire, to free his father-land from the yoke of tyranny; and when, borne down by adverse fortune, he could not live a slave in the land he would have died to liberate, he became an exile on these distant shores, beckoned by the radiance of that bright galaxy of stars, whose light, shining from afar out of the west, had first fired his soul with the patriot's hope. He came, and a nation stood waiting to welcome him, and to do him honor. It was when this feeling pervaded the country—when city vied with city in the warmth of its welcome, that Columbus called her citizens together to consider the proper steps to be taken for the reception of Louis Kossuth, governor of Hungary. At a large meeting of the citizens, held at the city ball on Saturday evening, December 13, 1851, a resolution was adopted for the appointment of a committee of one hundred citizens of Ohio, twenty of them being residents of Columbus, to invite Kossuth to visit our State, and partake of the hospitability of our people. At an adjourned meeting, held on the next Thursday evening, the names of the cornmittee of one hundred were announced, Dr. Robert Thompson, of Columbus, being chairman. A financial committee was subsequently appointed, of which Peter Ambos was chairman, W. F. Wheeler, secretary, and Luther Donaldson, treasurer. Dr. Robert Thompson was commissioned to wait upon the distinguished foreigner in Washington, and invite him, in the name of the people of Ohio, to visit our State and its capital. Samuel Galloway was chairman of the reception committee, and C. P. Solis, secretary. The legislature, then in session, adopted resolutions, January 15, 1852, tendering to Kossuth, on behalf of two millions of freemen, a hearty welcome to Ohio. The fourth of February, 1852, was the day fixed upon for the arrival of the guest of the city and of the State. Early in the afternoon of the fourth, though it had been announced that he would not arrive until evening, the streets were thronged with people, and all eligible points commanding a view of the coming pageant, were appropriated. An imposing procession, civic and military, met Kossuth at the depot, and escorted him to his rooms at the Neil house. The shouts of the vast multitude mingled with the boom of the cannon which announced the safe arrival of the distinguished guest. The return procession—lighted by flashing torches—headed by a fine band, playing national airs, and escorted by the military companies, bearing aloft the colors of the United States and of Hungary, after passing through the principal streets, halted at the Neil house, where Kossuth, standing upon a balcony, was presented to the people. Lifting his hat, he made a brief address, expressing the great pleasure this flattering reception had given him, for which he desired to publicly thank the generous citizens of this great commonwealth. The next day—Thursday, the fifth of February, 1852--Kossuth addressed a vast assemblage, filling the entire square between Broad and State streets. A stand was erected in front of the Neil house, opposite the old United States court house, where the address of welcome was made, by Samuel Galloway, of Columbus, to which Kossuth replied at some length, in words of stirring eloquence. After the address, he was waited upon by a committee appointed at a meeting of workingmen, with a request that he would address the workingmen of the city. This request he felt compelled to decline, on account of the constant tax upon his time and energies, while expressing gratification at the manifestations by the workingmen, of sympathy for the cause of free government in Hungary. On the evening of the same day, a large meeting was held in the city hall, at which an association of the friends of Hungary was formed, called the Franklin County Hungarian association. A constitution was adopted, and the following officers elected: W. R. Rankin, president; G. Lewis, vice-president; L. Donaldson, treasurer; M. M. Powers, secretary. On Saturday, the seventh of February, Kossuth visited the general assembly, by special invitation, where he was addressed by Lieutenant-Governor Medal, OLIVER P. HINES. Oliver Perry Hines, the subject of this biography, is a descendant of an old family, of Doylestown township, Bucks county, Pennsylvania. His ancestors were among the early landholders, in Warrington, in that venerable county; and his grandfather, William Hines, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. Oliver was the third son of John and Mary (Callander) Hines, and was born near Doylestown, on the twenty-sixth of March, 1812. His father combined the callings of farmer, saddler, and merchant, and became possessed of considerable property, which, however, was all swept away by unfortunate ventures during the last war with Great Britain. His son, born in the first year of that war, originally received another name; but, after the gallant fight and brilliant victory of Commodore Perry, at Put-in-bay, September 10, 1813, the admiration of his parents for the rung hero of that action became so great as to induce them to change the name of their child; and he was accordingly named Oliver Perry Hines. He remained with his father, assisting in the labors of the farm, and also to some extent, in the saddlery shop, attending the district schools, as he could, from time to time, until the age of seventeen, when he began to learn the trade of a bricklayer. At this he worked until the early part of 1834, when, in his twenty-second year, he determined to push his way westward, to the land of promise, in Ohio, then the frontier, to which so many emigrants from the older regions along the Atlantic seaboard were looking. Columbus, then a rising young city, was his objective point, and he reached there April 26, 1834. Here he took up his trade, and many buildings still standing in the city are the monuments, in whole, or in part, of his handiwork. About 1839, in company with another young brickmason, named Crosswell, he contracted for the brickwork upon the Franklin county court house, the same edifice now occupied for county purposes on High street, in Columbus, between Mound and Court streets. Some time afterward, his ambition and success led him to extend his enterprises, and he became a brickmaker, occupying for a yard premises on, what is now, Livingston avenue, within the city limits, but was then some distance outside of the corporation. He was prospered in this business and remained at it until about 1850. A Democrat in his political convictions, and somewhat "in politics," his services to the party were recognized, in 1848, by an election as county commissioner, in which office he served until 1851, or during the full term of three years. The next year after his retirement from the brickyard, he was chosen county treasurer, and his service in that office was endorsed by a re-election in 1853. Four years afterwards he again became a county commissioner, by appointment to fi 11 a vacancy caused by the death of Mr. Willis Mat toon, and served until the end of the term for which Mr. Mattoon was elected. About 1858, Mr. Hines, in copartnership with Mr. William Miller, built and stocked the Columbus paper mill, as their own enterprise, and conducted it successfully for a number of years, when they sold the property to its present owner, Mr. Yeatman Anderson. For a year subsequently Mr. Hines rested from active business, and then engaged in banking with the firm of Sparrow, Hines & Company, occupying the building on the corner of High and Town streets, now occupied by their successors, Messrs. Brooks, Butler & Company. Upon the dissolution of the former firm, Mr. Hines became the head of the concern, which now took the name and style of Hines, Taylor & Company. In July, 1877, the entire business was transferred to Brooks, Butler & Company, the head of which firm had been a member with their immediate predecessors. Since then Mr. Hines, feeling somewhat the weight of years and the oncoming of age, has retired altogether from the active pursuits of finance and trade, and is quietly enjoying the fruits of his long and manifold labors, in a spacious and pleasant home, at No. 454 east Rich street, in Columbus, his declining years made comfortable by the possession of a handsome property, and the attentions of many relatives and friends. He has never been much engaged in municipal affairs, but served three years (1838, 1839, and 184o), in the city council. Apart from this and the offices he filled, as before noted, he has not suffered public matters greatly to disturb the tranquillity of his private life. He has, however, for twelve years past, consented to act as a trustee for the Green Lawn cemetery, Columbus, and was for several years, until his retirement from the banking business, its treasurer. On the seventh of February, 1837, Mr. Hines was united in the bonds of matrimony to an early friend and associate, Miss Mary Thomas, daughter of Mr. William Thomas, also an old resident of the Doylestown region, in Pennsylvania, who had emigrated to Columbus the year before Mr. Hines came. They have had five children, two of whom died in infancy. The remaining offspring are: William Thomas Hines, the oldest, a bachelor, long resident in Memphis, where he carried on a flourishing dairy business, but, driven north two successive summers by the yellow fever, he has permanently abandoned that city, and is now building upon and otherwise improving a farm given him by his father, in Mifflin township, in this county; Mary Alice, the next oldest, now Mrs. Benjamin F. Reed, of Cincinnati, wife of an employe of the Cincinnati Southern railroad ; and Oliver, who owns and occupies a five hundred and fifty acre farm, in Truro towship, Franklin county. CHARLES C. WALCUTT. General Charles C. Walcutt, collector of internal revenue for the seventh district of Ohio, was born in Columbus, February 12, 1838, the son of John M. Walcutt and Mariel (Broderick) Walcutt. They were among the pioneer settlers of the city, where the former carried on the business of chair-making. His early education was acquired in the public schools of his native place, and at the Kentucky military institute, from which institution he graduated in the class of 1858. Returning to Columbus, he was elected surveyor for Franklin county the next year, and held that position until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when he relinquished it in order to offer his services to the government. Hastily raising a military company in the State capital, he entered the service April 17, 1861, with the commission of Captain. The next June he was promoted to the rank of Major, and served on the staff of General Hill until August, when he was appointed Major of the Forty-sixth regiment of Ohio volunteers. January, 1862, he was appointed to a lieutenant-colonelcy, and, with his regiment, joined Sher-man's army at Paducah,' Kentucky, where the Tennessee river expedition was then in course of organization. At the memorable battle of Shiloh, he received a severe wound in the shoulder from a musket-ball, which has never been extracted. October 16th of the same year, he was made colonel of his regiment, and participated in the campaigns against Vicksburg and Jackson, Mississippi. At the battle of Missionary Ridge he was assigned to the command of the Second brigade of the First division, Fifteenth Army Corps, and behaved with such intrepid gallantry in holding the key-point of the field against repeated charges by superior numbers, that he was recommended for promotion in General Sherman's report. From Chattanooga he moved with the column advancing to the defense of Knoxville, being still in command of the brigade, and led the assaulting party of the Army of the Tennessee at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. After the battle of July 22nd, in which the brave McPherson fell, he was raised to the full rank of Brigadier-General. He participated in all the engagements of the Atlanta campaign, and after the destruction of the city fought the only battle—that of Griswoldsville—which occurred during the famous march to the sea. In this engagement, isolated from the main body of the army, and with his command reduced to thirteen hundred men, he sustained an attack by a body of Confederate troops over seven thousand strong, under General Coombs. He not only bore up against that overwhelming force, but finally routed it with such complete success that the number of the enemy left dead and wounded on the field exceeded that of the whole force with which he had entered the engagement. For this memorable act of gallantry he was breveted Major-General, and again distinguished by a very laudatory notice in the report of General Sherman. He then received, however, a severe shell-wound in the leg, which disabled him for several months, and he was unable to resume his command until the army entered North Carolina, when he was assigned to the command of the First division, Fourteenth army corps, and a few months later passed with the victorious troops in grand review before the President at Washington. He then took his command to Louisville, where it was mustered out, in August, 1865. He, personally, however, served in the western department until January, 1866, at which date he was mustered out, and accepted the wardenship of the Ohio penitentiary. While in this position he accepted also the appointment of a lieutenant-colonelcy in the United States regular cavalry service, and reported to General Hancock, at St. Louis, for duty. But three months later, finding that no imperative duty called him to the life of a soldier in time of peace, he handed in his resignation and returned to the pursuits of civil life, resuming his position as warden in the penitentiary. That office was held by him for three years, he being the first man under whose management the institution returned a revenue to the State treasury. In 1869 he was appointed collector of internal revenue, for the seventh district of Ohio, and still holds that position. He has always taken a zealous interest in public affairs, and in the cause of education, in Columbus. In 1868 he was presidential elector for his district, and cast his vote for General Grant. In 1872 he was chairman of the State Republican executive committee, and conducted the Presidential and State campaign, of that year, in Ohio, with distinguished success. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. - 553 in a speech of welcome. Kossuth's response was regarded as one of his best efforts while in this country. By a joint resolution of the legislature, the original manuscript of both these speeches were ordered to be deposited among the archives of the State, in the State library, where they now are, bound in a handsome volume, and labeled "Welcome of Ohio to Kossuth." On Saturday evening, the first regular meeting of the Ohio Association of the Friends of Hungary was held in the city hall, which was filled to its utmost capacity. After a brief introductory speech by Governor Reuben Wood, the president of the association, Kossuth held the eager listeners spell-bound by a lofty eloquence, full of that patriotism and love of liberty, for which the addresses of the exiled hero were renowned. A brief address in German, following his speech in English, closed the public utterances of Kossuth in the city of Columbus. OBSEQUIES OF HENRY CLAY. Henry Clay, one of the greatest of American orators and statesmen, departed this life, at the capital of the United States, on the twenty-ninth of June, 1852. After lying in state in the senate chamber at Washington, the remains of the honored dead, in charge of the United States senate committee, and accompanied also by a committee from the State of the late senator, were taken to Ashland, henceforth a shrine to those who would do homage to departed greatness. The cortege accompanying Mr. Clay's remains arrived at Columbus on Wednesday evening, July 7th. It was met at the depot by a committee of arrangements, and a procession was formed in the following order: The remains, received by the joint committees, was transferred to the hearse, which was preceded by the fire companies, and flanked on either side by the Morgan volunteers. Then followed the committee on arrangements as pall-bearers, United States senate committee, the Kentucky and Cincinnati committees, commitees from towns and cities, the city council and citizens—all in carriages. The procession moved down High street to the Neil house, where the remains were deposited for the night. As the procession moved through the streets, the bells were tolled, and minute-guns were fired by the artillery. Many of the business houses were draped in black—the flags and omnibusses in the procession were trimmed with crape, as were the regalia of the different societies and orders, in attendance. At the Neil house, brief addresses were made by William Dennison, and Governor Jones, of Tennessee. On the same evening, there was a large meeting at the city hall, at which Joseph Ridgway presided, and C. T. Solis acted as secretary. After prayer by Rev. Dr. Hoge, R. P. L. Barber, from the committee of arrangements, reported a series of resolutions, which were unanimously adopted, after appropriate speeches by A. P. Perry and William Dennison. This ended the public proceedings in Columbus, in honor of the illustrious senator; and the next day his honored remains continued on their mournful progress toward their final resting place. DR. KANE'S OBSEQUIES. Dr. Elish Kent Kane, the great Arctic explorer, died at Havanna, February 16, 1857, at the early age of thirty-seven years. His remains were taken to his former home in Philadelphia. A few minutes before noon, on Friday, March 6th, intelligence was received at Columbus, that the remains of Dr. Kane would pass through this city on their way toward Philadelphia; that they would reach this place by the r I:20 Saturday night train, and remain until the departure of the Monday morning train on the Central Ohio road. A joint committee was appointed by the legislature, then in session, to make the necessary arrangements for publicly honoring the lamented dead. The Grand lodge of the masonic fraternity of Ohio was convened by order of the grand master, and a committee appointed to co-operate with other committees of arrangement. At an early hour in the evening, a meeting of citizens was held at the Neil house, and a committee selected to act on behalf of the citizens of the capital of Ohio, in conjunction with other similar committees. A joint meeting of all these committees was held at eight o'clock in the evening, when two members from each committee were delegated to proceed to Xenia, and there meet the funeral cortege from Cincinnati, accompany it to Columbus, and thence to Baltimore. Other committees were detailed to complete the arrangements for the reception and respectful care of the remains during their stay in the city, and to secure appropriate religious exercises on Sunday. The tender of services on the part of the State Fencibles, Captain Reamy, was accepted by the joint committee. At midnight the train arrived at the Columbus depot, where the committees, the State Fencibles, and a large concourse of citizens were awaiting it. The stillness of the midnight hour, the rolling of the muffled drums, as the remains were removed from the car, the tolling of the bells of the city, the solemn strains of the dead march, the display of flags at half-mast as seen by moonlight, the hushed silence of the concourse of citizens that thronged the streets, all conspired to give the scene an air of grandeur and solemnity. The solemn procession moved to the senate chamber, where due preparation had been made for its reception; and there the remains were consigned to the custody of the Columbus committees, in a very appropriate address from Charles Anderson, on behalf of the Cincinnati committee. William Donaldson responded in behalf of the Columbus committee, accepting the sacred trust. A detachment of the military under Lieutenant Jones, was detailed as a guard of honor, which remained on duty while the remains were in the senate chamber, except when relieved by a like guard detailed from members of the masonic fraternity. The remains lay in state in the senate chamber from one, A. M., on Sunday, until nine, A. M., on Monday. By ten o'clock on Sunday morning the citizens began to fill the senate chamber, which had been judiciously arranged by Mr. Eanshaw, for the accommodation of the greatest number possible. By eleven o'clock, the spacious hall was densely crowded, so general was the desire to join in this public demonstration of honor to one who had periled his life in the interests of science. Colonel Kane, Robert P. Kane, and Dr. 70 554 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Joseph R. Kane, brothers of the deceased, and Lieutenant Morton, his faithful companion in his perilous voyages, entered, and were conducted to the seats reserved for them. The religious services consisted of prayer by the Rev. Mr. Steele, of the Congregational church; music by the choir of that church; discourse by Dr. Hoge, of the First Presbyterian church, collects and benediction by Rev. -Mr. La Tourette, of St. Paul's (Episcopal) church. Notice was given that the senate chamber would be open from two to five o'clock, to afford the citizens an opportunity to pay their tribute of respect to the ashes of the honored dead. Thousands of all classes and conditions availed themselves of this opportunity. At five o'clock the doors were closed and the silence of the chamber was broken only by the tread of the guard on duty. At nine o'clock on Monday morning, March 9th, an imposing procession accompanied the remains to the depot with solemn music, the tolling of bells, and other appropriate tokens of sorrow. A portion of the joint committee accompanied the remains to Baltimore, where, with a fitting address by Dr. S. M. Smith, of Columbus, they were delivered to the committee appointed by that city for their reception. WATER WORKS. Previous to 1853, the question of a water supply for the city was agitated, and in April, of that year, ex-Governor Dennison, then a member of the city council, introduced a resolution instructing the committee on general improvements, to inquire into the practicability of the establishment of a water works system. The committee consisted of John Noble, Robert Howe, Benjamin Blake, Theodore Comstock, L. Hoster, and M. P. Howlett. This committee made its report in March, 1854, and received instructions to make further surveys, of which there appears no record. In June, 1855, Joseph Sullivant, by invitation, delivered an address before the council, on the subject of providing the city with an adequate supply of pure water. This question was considered and brought before the council again in 1859, at which time Joseph H. Riley presented an estimate of the cost of building such works as would be necessary for this purpose, and obtained the adoption of a resolution appointing a committee to take' further steps in this direction. The waters of Alum creek and the Olentangy river were examined, and there the matter rested until May, 1863, when still another committee was appointed. This committee visited several of the most important water works in the country, and reported in March, 1865, that they had obtained much valuable information, and had also caused surveys to be made, with a careful analysis of the waters of the streams near the city, all of which had been quite satisfactory. Some time after this, another committee was formed, consisting of Luther Donaldson, Jacob Reinhard, William Naghten, E. B. Armstrong, James Patterson, Frederick Jaeger, and C. P. L. Butler, who delivered a report in the latter part of 1868, in favor of the adoption of the Holly system of water works. ' A contract was ratified by the council, at a regular meeting held February 7, 1870, with the Holly manufacturing company, of Lockport, New York, by which the company was to furnish the city with Holly's patent elliptical rotary pumps, with a capacity to throw six one-inch streams of water, at the same time, to a distance of one hundred and fifty feet, without interrupting the steady supply of water for domestic purposes--the pumps to have the capacity to furnish in the aggregate four million gallons of water daily for domestic purposes. The contract also called for all the necessary machinery, couplings and gearings to make the works complete, and to set the same up, finished and complete, for the sum of fifty-five thousand dollars. At an election held in April, 187o, William Monypeny, Richard Nevins, and Charles Ambos, were chosen trustees of the Columbus water works. They appointed J. P. Pillsbury, chief engineer of construction, and Charles M. Ridgway, superintendent of the works. The work of construction was commenced in May, 187o, and the work was vigorously prosecuted, so far, that in March, 1871, water was thrown through the hose in the State house yard. Previous to April, 1871, forty-two permits for taking water were issued by the secretary, and by the first of April, •1872, water-pipes had been laid throughout nearly the entire built up portion of the city, for use a, a fire protection. There had been laid at that time, one hundred and twenty-three thousand two hundred and sixty-four feet, or twenty-three and thirty-four one-hundredths of a mile of cast-iron pipes, for. distributing mains throughout the city. There had also been laid for small distributing mains, sixteen thousand nine hundred feet of wrought-iron pipe, varying from three-fourth of an inch to two inches in diameter, making a total of nearly twenty-seven miles of pipe. The machinery was started on the first of May, 1871, on regular domestic supply, and since that time the engines have been kept in constant use day and night. Up to March 31, 1872, there had been issued seven hundred and seventy-two water permits, the water then used being taken from seven hundred and two hydrants, or stop-cocks. The total number of months for which water was paid, during the year ending March 31, 1872, was six thousand and ten. The average amount paid by each consumer during this time was fourteen dollars and eighty-two cents. For the two years ending March 31, 1872, the total receipts were nineteen thousand two hundred and sixteen dollars and forty-eight cents, and the net cost of the water works to that date, four hundred and twenty-four thousand two hundred and ninety-nine dollars and fifty-one cents. The total disbursements to March 31, 1879, were eight hundred and eighty-nine thousand nine nundred and twenty-eight dollars and ten cents; and the total receipts from all sources, two hundred and forty-two thousand eight hundred and nineteen dollars and fifty-four cents, making the net cost to that date, six hundred and forty-seven thousand one hundred and eight dollars and fifty-six cents. There are now in use in the water works system, over three hundred lire hydrants, each having two outlets; HENRY HEINMILLER. Colonel Henry Heinmiller, chief engineer of the Columbus fire department, was born in that city June 11, 1842, and is the second son of Conrad and Elizabeth (Bottomfeldt) Heinmiller, both natives of Germany, but who were married in Columbus, to which place the elder Heinmiller emigrated about 1835. Henry received some education in the public schools of the city, but when scarcely more than thirteen began work in a book-bindery, which he entered two years afterwards as a regular apprentice. The opening of the war of the Rebellion found him still in his apprenticeship, and, in 1862, he decided to abandon it temporarily for the service of his country. On the fifth of August he enlisted as a private in the One Hundred and Eighth Ohio volunteer infantry, but was made second sergeant upon the full organization of his company in October; first or orderly sergeant six months afterwards, and received a commission October 2, 1864, as first lieutenant. His earlier service in the field was with the army of Kentucky, commanded by General Gordon Granger. Moving into.Tennessee, he was captured, with the regiment, by the rebel general, John Morgan, at Hartsville, December 7, 1862, paroled four days after, and sent into the Federal lines just before the battle of Stone River. The regiment returned to Camp Chase to reorganize and await exchange, which was effected on the third of Match, 1863. It was then kept on detached service at various points in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Alabama, until about the middle of October, when it joined the Second division of the Fourteenth army corps, then at Moccasin Point, in front of Lookout Mountain. With it young Heinmiller took part in the action at Mission Ridge, near Chattanooga; marched with it to the relief of Knoxville, against Longstreet, getting within sixteen miles of that place, when the relieving force was ordered back to Chattanooga, and remained there quietly in camp until the grand movement of Sherman on Atlanta began, in April, 1864. He then took part in the battles, or skirmishes, at Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Dallas Woods, Ackworth, Big Shanty, and Kenesaw Mountain, and was in the flank movement whereby Rome was captured. After Kenesaw, the regiment, which had become greatly depleted by the casualties of war, was ordered back to Chattanooga and assigned to duty as railway train guards. Lieutenant Heinmiller was in command of the train, bound for Atlanta, which was stopped near Big Shanty by the nearness of the rebel force, under General Hood, when that redoubtable fighter made his way to Sherman's rear. Lieutenant Hein-miller ran back to Allatoona pass, saving his train, and afterwards brought up reinforcements to the aid of General Corse, who was making the famous defence at the Pass. Had not the train been delayed by an accident, it is believed the relief would have arrived in time to capture a large part of the attacking force. Lieutenant Heinmiller was also in charge of the last train that entered Atlanta before that city was evacuated by General Sherman, and remained there many hours after the main body of the army had gone. He then shared the glories of the march to the sea, and the great raid through the Carolinas, taking part in the affairs at Black River, Averysboro, and Bentonville, in the last of which, the final fight of Sherman's army, March 19, 1865, he was wounded by a musket shot across the left hip—a flesh wound only, but quite enough to disable him from further service. After some time in hospitals, he returned home on furlough, and was honorably discharged under the general order of the war department, May 15, 1865. He now re-entered the book bindery, for six months, to complete his apprenticeship, and afterwards labored as a journeyman in the bindery, until 1869, when he was elected by the people of Columbus, chief engineer of the fire department, to which the next year, under a different system, he was appointed and confirmed, retaining the place ever since by successive appointments —even now, although a Democrat, under a Republican city administration, a fact which speaks loudly in favor of the efficiency and fidelity of his service. His military experience, together with some native qualifications, give him eminent ability to organize and direct a force like that now in his charge, whose service is acknowledged to be among the very best in the country. His military excellences were also recognized in 1877, by a unanimous election to the colonelcy of the Fourteenth regiment of the Ohio national guard—which, however, he resigned after thirteen days' service, finding its duties would too seriously interfere with his more important public affairs. He is also the drill-master of the Columbus lodge of Knights of Pythias, which, by virtue of his thorough training, carried off the national prize at the competition drill in Cleveland, in 1875, and has also won four State prizes. Besides this organization, he is a prominent member of the Free and Accepted masons, and also of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is now in the prime of health and vigor, and has still an eminent and useful career before him. Colonel Heinmiller was married in Columbus, October 23, 1866, to Mrs. Adelina R. (Van Zandt) Fell, of that city. They reside in a pleasant and comfortable home, at 44 east Fulton street, in Columbus. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 555 nearly forty miles of cast-iron pipe, from four to twenty inches in diameter; besides over ten miles of wrought-iron distributing mains, and service pipe. During the eight years that the water works have been in operation, to March 31, 1879, the pumps have raised three billion, six hundred and seventeen million, five hundred and forty-four thousand, eight hundred and thirty-three gallons of water to an average height of one hundred and sixty-six and ninety one-hundredths feet, at a total cost of one hundred and fifty-nine thousand, sixty dollars and fifty cents. There have been realized from the sale of the same, two hundred and forty-two thousand, eight hundred and nineteen dollars and fifty-four cents. The water works building is erected near the junction of the Olentangy with the Scioto river. They are now supplied with two sets of pumps, with a capacity of five million gallons each, per day, with two batteries of boilers, and all the machinery necessary for a permanent supply of water. The supply of water is obtained from a filtering gallery, a half mile in lengh, and built in 1878. This gallery is located between the two rivers, and is reached by means of a tunnel under the Olentangy. The water filters through the surface of the ground, and is received from numerous springs opening into the gallery. It is a vast filter, provided by nature, and needing but the work of man to bring it forth from its hidden source. During the present year the gallery is being extended another half mile, and when it is completed, a tower will be erected near the Scioto river, with which connection is to be made by means of valves, operated from the water works building by electricity, whereby water may be obtained if necessary. FIRE DEPARTMENT. For many years after the first organization of Columbus, there was no paid fire department, the only dependence being placed on the hand-engines, manned by volunteers, and, in its early day, this was generally considered an adequate protection from the ravages of any ordinary fire. But, as the city increased in size and importance as the seat of the State government, and the irrepressible inventive genius of this age developed the many uses to which steam could be applied,Columbus, like other cities, wished to be supplied with the most perfect apparatus that could be obtained. The city of Cincinnati, in 1852, contracted for a steam fire engine, and put in service a paid company of firemen, and so successful and satisfactoy did this prove that, in 1853, their entire fire department was changed from hand to steam. The matter was thus brought to the attention of the city council of Columbus, and, in 1854, a committee was appointed to examine into the feasibility of providing a paid steam fire department. This committee rendered a favorable report, which, with a minority report, was printed and circulated among the citizens. The report of the committee was adopted, and it was resolved to provide steam engines, and employ a paid fire department. There was a strong tide of opposition to this project, but it was met with firmness by Luther Donaldson, chairman of the standing committee on the fire department. He took the matter in hand, faced down the opposition, and, through his exertions, Columbus was the fourth city in the country to adopt a paid steam fire department. A new ordinance regulating the fire department, was passed October 29, 1855. J. C. Kenyon was elected chief engineer, and C. M. Ridgway was elected to take charge of the new engine when it should arrive. It was manufactured in Cincinnati, and on the first trial, burst one of its steam pipes. On Friday, October 2, it arrived in Columbus, accompanied by its builder, Mr. Latta, to whom an entertainment was given, at the Neil house, in honor of its arrival. The engine was accepted by the city authorities, and was placed in the house erected for it, on Third street. The cost of the engine was six thousand dollars. During the winter of 186o-1, two additional steam fire engines were purchased from H. C. Silsby, of Seneca Falls, New York. The council selected John Miller, banker, as chief, to have charge of organizing and bringing the new department into working order. He continued as chief engineer of the department nearly three years, when he resigned. Isaac H. Marrow succeeded him from 1864 to 1868, and Wm. S. Huffman from r868 to 1869. In 1869, Henry Heinmiller, the present chief, was elected, and has served continuously for ten years. For a number of years previous to 1868, the locality of a fire had been designated by signals and alarm bells striking the number of a ward or district. In October, 1868, a telegraph fire alarm system was put in operation. This was greatly improved and extended in 187o and 1871, and cost six thousand dollars. Immediately on the breaking out of a fire, the alarm is sounded from the box nearest the locality of the fire, and the engine houses are notified of the fact. The bell in the tower of the Second Presbyterian church is struck, as are the gongs at the engine houses and the water works, by which the exact locality of the fire is known. Forty-four alarm boxes are now in use The department has been under the charge of Henry Heinmiller, chief engineer, since 1869. At the present time, there are thirty firemen under his control, who are stationed in six engine houses, and have in their care six hose reels and one hook and ladder truck for service, besides an additional truck and four steam fire engines, that can be pressed into service should occasion require. The department has eight thousand feet of hose, forty-five cisterns, and over three hundred fire hydrants, the latter supplied from the water works. The total expense for running the fire department during the year 1879, is about twenty-four thousand dollars, which includes the cost of putting in use nearly forty hydrants, besides other improvements. SECRET SOCIETIES. THE MASONIC FRATERNITY. The first meeting of the Grand lodge of Ohio was held in Columbus, December 14, 1818. Subsequent meetings were held here annually, until 1828;. again in 1831 until 1836; in 1845 to 1847, and from 1861 to 1865, and again in 1872. It is composed of ----- lodges, each of which is entitled to three representatives in the grand lodge, making a total of — members. 556 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Columbus Lodge, No. 3o, was originally instituted at Franklinton (now included in Columbus), June 11, 1815, under the name of Ohio Lodge, No. 3o. The first officers were Abner Lord, W. M.; John Kerr, S. W.; Alexander Morrison, J. W.; Lincoln Goodale, treasurer, and Joel Buttles, secretary. Magnolia Lodge, No. 2o, was organized under- a dispensation granted by William B. Thrall, grand master, June 1 o, 1847. The charter for this lodge was granted October 20, 1847. The founders of this lodge were Bela Latham, B. F. Martin, Henry A. Field, John W. Milligan, D. T. Woodbury, James T. Donahoo, Nathaniel Marion, Harvey Fletcher, Harvey Bancroft, and William Harrison. The first officers were : Bela Latham, W. M.; B. F. Martin, S. W., and Henry A. Field, J. W. Goodale Lodge, No. 372, received its dispensation from Thomas Sparrow, M. W. G. M., July 20, 1866. It was organized with twenty-three charter members, Monday, July 23, 1866, the officers named in the dispensation being James Williams, W. M.; William S. Phares, S. W., and Harry Tarbill, J. W. The charter was granted October 17, 1866. The lodge was named Goodale, ii honor of Dr. Lincoln Goodale, for his eminent services to the craft in the early settlement of the State, and as the last survivor of Ohio Lodge, No. 3o, as the oldest surviving master mason made in the county, and perhaps, in the State, and as the oldest officer of the grand lodge and grand chapter. Ohio Chapter, No. 12, R. A. M., was chartered November 16, 1824. The first election of Officers took place December 4th of the same year, as follows: Bela Latham, H. P.; Daniel Turney, K.; Joel Buttles, S.; A. J. McDowell, treasurer; James Pearce, secretary. The regular meetings are held the first Monday of each month. Columbus Council, No. 8, R. S. S. M., was instituted by dispensation granted December 27, 1841. The following were appointed officers: Bela Latham, T. J. G. Leonard, Humphrey, D. I. G. M.; John W. Milligan; P. C. of Work. The council was incorporated under the general laws of the State, December 3, 1870. Mount Vernon Commandery, No. 1, is the first organization of Knights Templar in the State. It was constituted by virtue of a letter of dispensation issued by Thomas Smith Webb, deputy grand master of the grand encampment of the United States of America, on the fourteenth day of March, 1818, to John Snow, authorizing him to assemble in Worthington a sufficient number of Knight's to open a council and commandery in that town. An organization was effected the next day, March 15, 1818. The commandery worked under this dispensation three months, and received its charter giving it rank and precedence from the sixth day of June, 1819, though the charter is dated September 16, 1819. The charter officers were: John Snow, eminent commandery; Chestes Griswold, generalissimo; Roger Searle, captain general; Joseph S. Hughes, prelate; James Kilbourne, S. W.; Levi Penny, J. W.; Benjamin Gardner, treasurer; William Little, recorder. On the twenty-second of February, 1844, permission was granted by the grand commandery to hold occasional meetings in Columbus, since which time the commandery has continuously met in this city. Humbolt Lodge, No. 476, was organized some eight or ten years since, and now has a good membership. The work is German. Enoch Lodge of Perfection, A. A. S. R. met for organization April 6, 1877, under dispensation granted March 19, 1877. The first meeting held under the charter was November 2, 1877. This degree has now a membership of one hundred and twenty-one. Franklin Council, Princess of Jerusalem, A. A. S. R. has been working under dispensation since some time in 1878. The charter has been received by the council, but has not been yet organized under it. Columbus Chapter Rose Croix, A. A. R. R. also works under a dispensation, though the charter is now in the hands of its officers. There are but three lodges in the State empowered to confer the ancient Scottish rites, and they are located at Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati. St. Mark's Lodge, No. 7, (colored), was organized under a warrent granted by W. S. Watson, grand master of the grand lodge of Ohio, December 15, 1851, with the following officers: H. Johnson, W. M.; D. Jenkins, S. W.; James Evans, J. W. Johnson Chapter, No. 3, R. A. M. (colored), was chartered October 16, 187o, and soon after was organized. Meetings are held every Monday evening. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF ODD FELLOWS. Columbus Lodge, No. 9, was granted a charter, July 4, 1839, and was organized in the third story of Walcutt's brick building, opposite the United States hotel. A few years afterwards the lodge fitted up a hall in the Buckeye block. They used this some years, and have since occupied, for several years, a hall in the third story of the bank building on the southeast corner of High and State streets, also a hall in Platt's building, and one in Carpenter's building, until the temple was erected, in 187o, since which time they have occupied that. The charter members were: Nathan B. Kelly, James B. Thomas, William Flintham, David Bryden, and Charles A. Howie. Central Lodge, No. 23, was organized December 2, 1843, with Alexander E. Glenn, Thomas Stitt, James-Aston, David Overdier, Thomas Brown, Moses Altman, William K. Carr, and Francis La Chapelle, as charter members. Excelsior Lodge, No. 145, was instituted February 22, of the same year. Charter members were: Frank H. Hulburd, James B. Stockton, A. B. Newburgh, George B. Comstock, Nathan B. Marple, Calvin Rennick, and Ira M. Gorton. This lodge was corporated under the State laws, June I r, 1862. Capital Lodge, No. 334, I. O. of O. F., was instituted May 2I, 1858, with Joseph Dowdall, F. R. Willson, Wm. McDonald, C. W. Smith, Geo. Markley, W. W. Cowling, J. H. McColm, John S.' Ford, Wm. T. Cloud, G. Scott, F. A. Lesquereux, J. P. Syler, A. Stephens, P. T. Conrad, Thomas Arnold, L. G. 'Thrall, M. M. Powers, A. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PiCKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 557 Hudson, L. English, Geo. W. Gibson, Sol. C. Preston, Geo. F. O'Harra, E. C. Cloud, and Waldo B. Fay, as charter members. Regular meetings are held every Friday evening at Odd Fellows' temple. This is the largest lodge in the State at the present time. Rutherford B. Hayes, president of the United States, was a member during his first term as governor, and presided at the dedication of the new temple, in 1870. Harmonia Lodge, No. 358, was organized May 26, 1860, with thirty-six charter members, and is at this time the largest German beneficial association in the city. Meetings are held every Saturday evening at the Odd Fellows' temple, of which this lodge is the one-sixth owner. National Lodge, No. 509, was organized June 1, 1872, with thirty-one charter members. It meets every Friday evening, at the temple. Junia Lodge, No. 474, was organized June 17, 1871, with twenty-two charter members. Meetings are held at the Odd Fellows' temple every Wednesday evening. Stauring Lodge, No. 512, named in honor of James H. Stauring, who, on his death, gave his property, by will, to the order, for the benefit of the orphans of odd fellows, at the decease of his surviving sisters, was organized June 6, 1872, with twenty. charter members, headed by John G. Thompson. Meetings are held at the temple every Tuesday evening. Greiner Lodge, No. 540, was organized September 28, 1872. It is named in honor of John Greiner, deceased, who was a zealous worker for the fraternity during his life. Its regular time for meeting is every Monday evening, at the Odd Fellows' temple. Capital Encampment, No. 6, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted December 4, 1843, by Charles Thomas, of Cincinnati, M. W. H. P. The charter members were John T. Blain, Lucien Buttles, Thomas Stockton, John S. Hall, James Milligan, John G. Altman, H. M. Hubbard, John Huffman, Samuel T. Heffner; and William Burdett. It meets every Tuesday evening, at Odd Fellows' temple. One thousand, one hundred and thirty-seven patriarchs have been 'instituted in the Golden Rule since its organization. About twenty new encampments have branched from it in the surrounding cities and towns. It now numbers five hundred members. Concordia Encampment, No. 96 (German), was instituted June 4, 1867. Its meetings are held the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month, at Odd Fellows' temple. Columbus Encampment, No. 135, was instituted May 18, 1871, with a charter membership of twenty-three. It meets at Odd Fellows' temple, every Tuesday evening. Buckeye Encampment, No. 148, was instituted March 25, 1872, with a charter membership of forty. Meetings are held at the temple every Thursday evening. The Odd Fellows' Beneficial association was organized January r, 1868, and was incorporated July 1, 1872, for the purpose of affording mutual protection and relief to its members. It now has eight thousand members, and a surplus fund of over sixty thousand dollars. It is represented in nearly five hundred lodges of this State. Naomi Lodge, No. 6, daughters of Rebekah, was instituted November 22, 1879, at Odd Fellows' temple. Meeetings are held the first and third Thursdays of each month. Odd Fellows' temple was erected in 1869 and 1870, and was dedicated May 10, 1870. Capital encampment, Columbus lodge, Central lodge, Excelsior lodge, Capital lodge and Harmonia lodge, each contributed one-sixth of the amount required to erect the building. The temple contains five halls, each of which is carpeted and thoroughly fitted up for the purposes to which they are dedicated. They are occupied every night in the week, by twenty-two different societies. The temple cost sixty-three thousand, five hundred dollars. KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. The grand lodge of the Knights of Pythias of the State of Ohio was instituted in Columbus, July 9, 1869, by Supreme Chancellor Read. The next meeting of the grand lodge was also held in this city, the third Wednesday in January, 187o. Its records and principal office are located here, with James Dowdall as G. K. R. S. Columbus Lodge, No. 3, K. of P., was instituted in Columbus, May 17, 1869. Meetings are held Wednesday evening of each week. Germania Lodge, No. 4, was instituted at the same time as Columbus lodge, and meets every Tuesday evening. Franklin Lodge, No. 5, was also instituted at the same time, but has since ceased to exist. Oriental Lodge, No. 95, K. of P., was instituted February 26, 1876. This lodge was formed from the remnant of Franklin Lodge, No. 5, after that had ceased to exist. Meetings are held in Odd Fellows' temple. Section No. 190, Endowment rank, K. of P., was instituted with ten charter members, as follows: F. A. Marble, president; James R. Armstrong, vice-president ; J. W. Lingo, chaplain; Edward J. Dowdall, secretary and treasurer; Charles H. Lindenberg, guide ; Jacob Bleile, guard; L. G. Thrall, sentinel; and Henry Lindenberg, August Kuehner, and Joseph Dowdall. Columbus Division, No. t, of Ohio Uniform rank, was instituted November 9, 1878, by D. B. Woodruff, supreme chancellor. This is the first division of this rank ever instituted. IMPROVED ORDER OF RED MEN. Algonquin Tribe, No. 3, kindled its first council fire January Io, 1852. The charter members were C. P. L. Butler, T. G. Shaw, M. S. Hess, 0. H. Shaw, and E. Hess. The tribe meets each Saturday night. It pays in case of sickness, two dollars a week to an initiate, and five dollars to a chief's degree member. Scioto Tribe, No. 22 (German), was instituted in February, 1866. The charter members were Charles Zattman, Lorenz Anmiller, George Kaereber, Bernard Steinleim, Edward Streitber, A. Witter, Henry Barthold, and Philip Kromer. This tribe was formed of members, previously connected with Algonquin tribe, No. 3. That it might hold property in its own name, it was incorporated October 21, 1867. 558 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. Olentangy Lodge, No. 65, I. 0. R. M., was instituted at the wigwam in Odd Fellow's hall, April 1, 1872. The tribe started with thirty-two charter members, and twelve petitions for membership. Its meetings are held every Monday evening. DRUIDS. Columbus Grove, No. 10, U. A. O. D., working in the German language, was instituted June 15, 1857, with eight charter members. Regular meetings are held every Monday evening. Capital Grove, No. 3o, U. A. O. D., working in the English language, was instituted March 3, 1871, by Henry Kinney, noble grand arch of Ohio. Meetings are held at Druid's hall every Thursday evening. Central Grove, No. 32, U. A. 0. D., working in the English language, was instituted July 27, 1872, with twenty-two charter members. The following officers were installed: John G. Thompson, noble arch; F. A. Marble, vice arch; L. G. Thrall, secretary ; G. S. Brooks,. treasurer, and R. Reynolds, inside guardian. Franklin Arch Chapter, No. 2, .U. A. 0. D., was instituted August 9, 1862, with sixteen charter members. Work is done in the German language. Meetings of the chapter are held every second and fourth Wednesday in the month. Columbus Supreme Arch Chapter, No. 10, U. A. O. D., was instituted November 29, 1871. This chapter works in the English language, and meets twice in each month. MISCELLANEOUS LODGES. Capital Lodge, No. 132, A. J. 0. K. S. B. (Hebrew), was organized in the summer of 1875, with fifteen members. Meetings are held in Odd Fellow's temple, the first and third Sundays of each month. The present membership of this lodge is about thirty. Crystal Lodge, No. 1238, Knights of Honor, was organized October 31, 1878. An attempt had been made to organize a lodge of this order here sometime previous to this date, but it failed. This lodge was formed with thirty-two charter members, and now has a membership of forty-two. Meetings are held in Odd Fellow's temple the first and third Thursdays of each month. The Arbeiter Verein society was organized in 1849, as Industrial Lodge, No. I I, and was composed entirely of mechanics. After the commencement of the war it ceased to exist. The organization known as the Arbeiter Verein was formed some years later. Its object is the elevation and protection of the working class, and its motto is: " United we are victorious-separated we must surrender; union makes strength; science is power, as labor is the orgin of all wealth." Zion Lodge, No. 62, independent order of Bne Berith, was instituted August 20, 1865, with seventeen charter members. Its object is benevolence. Connected with the organization is a mutual endowment fund, to which each member pays the sum of two dollars on the death of any member. Capital Lodge, No. 167, Knights of St. Crispin, was organized February 20, 1866. It is composed entirely of boot and shoemakers, and its object is the protection of labor. Meetings are held the first and third Mondays of each month. Court Forest, No. 6, Independent Order of Foresters, was chartered October 15, 1875, and was organized in Odd Fellows' temple, where its meetings are held. It has a membership, at the present time, of about one hundred. Capital Council, No. 87, Royal Arcanum, was organ ized the sixth of May, 1878, with twenty-seven charter members. Capital Lodge, Ancient Order of Workmen, was or ganized several years since. Franklin lodge, of the same order, was organized in 1878. These are both mutual benefit societies. Teutonia Lodge, No. 394, D. O. H. (German) [Hamgari], was organized in Odd Fellows' temple, in 1877, with sixty-six members. Meetings are held each Tues day evening. Franklin County grange was organized by delegates from various township granges in the county, November 2, 1874. In 1878, the organization was merged into Pomona grange, by which name it is now known. Ancient Order Knights of the Mystic Chain was organized in the fall of 1875, with some twelve charter members. There are now two lodges of this order in Columbus. The Independent Order of Good Templars has a lodge doing active work in Columbus. Several lodges have been organized at various times, but have eventually ceased to exist. The Theodore Parker lodge of the American Protestant association was organized May 25, .1866. Its object is to "preserve the liberty of conscience in connection with the support of its members." Olentangy council, Order of United American Mechanics, was instituted August I, 1872. Meetings are held every Tuesday evening. Energy Council, No. 8, Junior Order of United American Mechanics, was instituted October 7, 1872, in Good Templar's hall. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. In all departments of human enterprise the outward expression will in time come to correspond with the in ward life or appreciation. In that State, or society-. where wealth is not more lavished upon social luxury than upon those institutions which have for their aim the elevation of the people morally and intellectually, we may safely look for a commonwealth in which all truly wise parents will gladly place their children. To a stranger in her midst, who is weighing these serious considera tions, Columbus may, with pride, and without boasting. say: "Look at my churches and my schools." Shall we essay to honor the men who year after year have helped, by wise counsel and wiser action, to uprear these structures-dedicated to religion and learning? Lo! then works praise them. Tower, and spire, and firm foundation stone, are mute but eloquent eulogists. This, with out doubt, is now, and will continue to be, one of the chief elements which conduce to her rapid growth. Her means of education are the exponents of a high degree of HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 859 mental and moral culture, which cannot fail to attract as residents, a most desirable class of citizens. The facts embodied in the following brief sketch, such only as could find place in a county history, are gleaned from elaborate tabulated reports, embracing the history of the public schools of th city. The first public school in Columbus was opened when the town plat, with a part of Montgomery township, composed a single school district. The first meeting for the choice of directors was held November 21, 1826, in the Presbyterian churh, on Front street, at which Orris Par- ' ish was chairman, and William T. Martin, secretary. The directors chosen were: Dr. P. Sisson, Rev. C. Hinkle, and Wm. T. Martin. A school was soon afterwards opened, of which a Mr. Smith was the teacher. The school fund, for several years, sufficed only to keep up a school for one quarter in each year. John Warner, Christian Heyl, and William St. Clair were chosen directors in 183o, and Wm. McElvain, Horton Howard, and Nathaniel McLean, in 1831. The name of J. M. C. Hasseltine is mentioned as first employed as a teacher, in 1832. In 183o, a public meeting authorized the opening of two schools, one to be taught by a male teacher, for the more advanced pupils, the other by a female teacher. At this time there were no public school-houses, the schools being held in rented rooms. Previous to the year 1845, very little attention was paid to the common, or public, schools. The children of the more prosperous and influential citizens were taught in private schools. The passage of a law was obtained, on the third of February, 1845, by which the management of the public schools was committed to the board of education of Columbus, to consist of six directors. Under the same law, the city council was empowered to appoint a board of three examiners, for the examination of applicants for the position of teachers in the public schools of the city. A tax of eight thousand dollars, for the erection of school-houses, was voted, in 1846. Three brick buildings, of six rooms each, were erected, in which the schools were opened, July 21, 1847. About this time, the board of education appointee a superintendent, to whom was intrusted the general direction of the course of study and instruction in the schools. A German school-building was erected in 1852, and the high-school building the year following. The board of education, in their report of July, 1853, made the following statement of the cost of school buildings then erected, exclusive of the sites: "Central building for the high school, sixty by seventy feet, three stories above the basement, fifteen thousand dollars; three houses, erected in 1846, one hundred and eighty-seven by twenty-four feet, twelve thousand dollars; German school house, seventy by thirty-two feet, three thousand dollars:" The following statistics will give a definite idea of the increase of the population, and consequent growth of the schools: In 1852, the number of pupils enrolled was two thousand, two hundred, and the number of teachers employed twenty-three. In 1872, the number of pupils enrolled was five thousand, four hundred and seventy- eight, and the number of teachers one hundred and five. In 1878, the number of pupils receiving instruction was eight thousand, nine hundred and seventy-four, and of teachers employed one hundred and forty-four. The value of school buildings, exclusive of sites, in 1852 was thirty thousand dollars, and the total value of school property in 1878 was six hundred and one thousand, nine hundred and fourteen dollars. The number of school buildings in 1852 was five, and in 1878 they numbered twenty-five. The whole amount paid for instruc- tion in 1878 was one hundred thousand, nine hundred and seventy-seven dollars, and the whole expense of the public schools for that year was one hundred and sixty-four thousand, seven hundred and nine dollars. Prior to the year 1871, the schools had been under the general management of one superintendent and seven male principals, the latter having the special charge of the schools in their respective districts. It was the opinion of members of the board, that the schools could be more economically conducted, without marring their efficiency, by substituting women as principals. At a regular meeting of the board, held July 12, 1871, the committee on salaries made a report which, being adopted, led. to a reorganization of the schools in accordance with the suggestions of the report. The city was divided into three school departments, each having one male principal, the sub-districts in each department being under the charge of female principals. The superintendent, at the close of the first year under the new regime, reported that the experiment of putting women at the head of all the schools below the high school had proved a success. The competency of the lady principals. to teach and govern, and their devotion to the work, had kept the schools in good order and a high state of efficiency. At the same time, a new classification of the schools was adopted, together with a new course of study. The principal feature in the new course was the introduction in the grammar-school grades of .natural science, instead of the disconnected lessons upon every variety of subjects, known as object lessons. The teachers, almost universally, reported deep interest on the part of the pupils, and there was no subject upon which their average standing, at the last autumnal examination, was so high. Too much cannot be said in commendation of the wise forethought which has characterized the action of the successive boards of education. The gratifying results of their large-hearted estimate of the grave interests committed to their care, meet us at every turn. The well-chosen site, the attractive and commodious edifice, the ample and neatly enclosed grounds, are only the fair complement of unstinted provision for thorough mental, moral, and esthetic culture. Limited space forbids a minute description of any of these structures, which may well be the pride of the citizens of Columbus. The high-school building, on one of the finest streets of the city, is, doubtless, one of the best school buildings in the United States, and one of the chief architectural ornaments of the city. It is Romanesque in style, built of brick, with cut Waverly stone dressings, galvanized 560 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND COUNTIES COUNTIES, OHIO. iron cornices, and slate roof. The main building is one hundred feet long by sixty broad, with a central transept twenty feet wide, projecting twelve feet. A beautiful tower at the northwest corner rises one hundred and fifty feet above the pavement. There was a capacity in the building as firs] constructed, for over three hundred pupils. In 1866 an extension was added to the building at a cost of about twenty-five thousand dollars, making its present capacity six hundred. The last official report, that of 1878, gives- the number of pupils registered in the high school as four hundred and forty-eight, and the number receiving the honors of graduation at the last commencement, as seventy-two. In this connection, it would be difficult to find more fitting words with which to close this imperfect sketch than these, taken from the report of the committee on building, embodied in the annual report of the board of education for 1878. " Beautiful surroundings will tend to refine an ennoble the lives of those who are gathered here for instruction. The school-house should be the second home of childhood—let it be in the midst of spacious and ornamented grounds, an object of beauty and delight, so that the very sight of it will create emotions of pleasure, and at the same time, satisfy that love for the beautiful and harmonious, which is universally inherent in the human mind." COLUMBUS TYPOGRAPHICAL UNION, NUMBER FIVE. The first typographical society of Columbus was organized about the year 1831, and incorporated by an act of the legislature passed February 25, 1834. The incorporators were: Patrick G. Hawe, Jason Case, William C. Morrow, James Mead, Thomas R. Raymond, Peter G. Bartholomew, Charles L. Murray, David B. Espy, James H. Patterson, Benjamin J. Gray, T. 1'. Sarchet, J. B. Halsey, Alex. E. Glenn, Theodore Langpre, Jonathan Phillips, Isaac Walton, Mathias Birck, and Samuel Martin. 'I'he object of the society, as set forth in the second section of the act, was " to afford relief to deserving indigent members, their widows and orphans; and to preserve the honor of the profession, by the adoption of such measures as shall to them appear neccessary for the encouragement of industry, sobriety, good order and morality among its members." This society continued in existence about twenty-five years, when it disbanded and was reorganized with the title given above, under a charter .received from the National typographical union; the charter members being: Thomas Wetzler, William H. Paul, R. S. McEwen, J. K. Parshall, James F. Turney, William R. Ramsey, A. G. Reynolds, and J. T. Hayes. The object of the association, as embodied in its present constitution, are "the maintenance of a fair rate of wages, the encouragement of good workmen, and the employment of every means which may tend to the mental improvement and elevation of printing in the social scale of life." The present officers are as follows: Ed. P. Rollins, president; Wm. F. Poland, vice-president; C. C. Pell, recording and corresponding secretary; John A. Shields, financial secretary ; John Pausch, treasurer; H. H. Doren, librarian; and Frank J. Turney, guardian. There are eighty-nine active members; nine apprentice members; twenty-three admitted by card; two expelled for "ratting," (i. e., working at rates below those prescribed by the union). The union has a library of several hundred volumes. Its meetings are held the first Saturday in every month. THE TYNDALL ASSOCIATION. The society bearing this name was organized in February, 1870. At its first meeting, George H. Twiss acted as president. The following statement of subjects discussed before the association, either in writing or orally, during the first two or three months of its existence, will show, fully, its general purpose and practical operations: 'I'he spectroscope, and spectrum analysis; ocean currents ; sensitive and singing flames; climate, and its changes in the past; Homoeopathy, and its principles ; the Darwinian theory; decrease of the number and intensity of thunder storms by the increase of the number and extent of railroads; cause of the southern projection of the continents; cause of the explosion of steam-boilers, etc. The association recognizes three classes of members: First, active members, who pay an initiation fee, and furnish papers of a scientific character ; second, contributing members, residents of Columbus, who pay an annual installment of five dollars; third, corresponding members, consisting of eminent scientific men throughout the country, who contribute original articles, written and published by themselves. Since its organization, the association has purchased a set of meteorological instruments, at a cost of one hundred and sixty dollars. It has, also, a handsome binocular microscope, imported from London, and costing two hundred and fifty dollars. By a resolution of the city council, two rooms on the fourth floor of the city hall building were appropriated to the use of the association, and have been very appropriately fitted up by the society. It is the practice of the association to arrange, during each lecture season, for a course, or courses, of popular lectures, by prominent scientists. Lectures are also given, under the auspices of the society, by men of science at home. The intention, at first entertained, of establishing a communication with the weather-signal office at the Smithsonian Institution, was abandoned, and the valuable instruments belonging to the society have been transferred to the State university. The following are the present officers of the society: A. G. Farr, president; W. H. Jennings, vice-president; C. C. Howard, secretary; D. E. Williams, corresponding secretary; Martin Hensel, treasurer; D. E. Williams, librarian; J. J. Janney, trustee; A. H. Tuttle, 1). H. Towne, I. F. Stidham, R. W. McFarland, and H. N. P. Dole, standing committee. CAPITAL UNIVERSITY. This institution was chartered by an act of the legislature, passed March 7, 1850. It had its origin in the necessity felt, to provide increased facilities for the education of young men seeking the ministry. The German Evangelical Lutheran seminary, which it intended to supplement, had been established for twenty years, and though existing under a distinct charter, became virtually the theological department of the university. Both schools occupied, in 185o, the Covert school property, on Town street, and remained until removed LOUIS LINDEMANN. Louis (christened Peter Ludwig) Lindemann is one of the oldest German residents of Columbus. He is a native of Zweibrucken, in the Rheinkreis, Bavaria, son of a grocer of that city, and born August 14, 1818. He received an elementary education in the Bavarian public schools, and took a short course in English after his arrival in this country. At the early age of eighteen he pushed out for himself, and deciding to emigrate to America, he reached Columbus in the fall of 1837. Here he met a second cousin, Mr. Peter Ambos, also for many years an active business man in Columbus, who had preceded him to this country by about five years, and was engaged in the manufacture of confectionery, in a shop on south High street. His relative, young Lindemann, took service under him for four years as apprentice, after which he was received into partnership. They remained associated in business for some years, when Mr. Ambos retired, and Mr. Lindemann took, as partner, Mr. Ritze Glock, the firm name being Lindemann & Company. He was also connected in the same business, some time after, with a Mr. Stevenson, occupying the building Nos. 55 and 57 South High street, opposite the State house, now used for similar business by Messrs. Ruhl, Corbett & Company. About seven years ago ( 1872s) Mr. Lindemann finally retired, and has since engaged himself solely with the management of his handsome estate and the care of his spacious mansion and grounds on south High street, near the city limits, where he resides with a married sister, Mrs. Magdalene Klie. He has never been married, never sought or held public office, or joined any beneficiary or other societies, except the Independent Protestant (German) church, of which he is a member. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, but for many years has voted generally with the Republican party, though still retaining independence of thought and action. CHRISTIAN ENGEROFF, one of the most prominent citizens of Columbus, of German blood, is a native of Guntersblum, Groesherzogdhum, Hessen Dermstadt, and dates his earthly career from 1832. His father died when Christian was but eight years old; his mother survived until 1856, dying at the old home in the Fatherland, on the same day, November 23d, when her distant son's eldest child, John Albert, was born into the world. Young Engeroff attended school from six to fourteen years of age, and was then bound, for three years, as an apprentice to the turning trade. At the end of his term, although not yet arrived at his majority, he set out to make his own fame and fortune. September 4, 1852, he left his native land to find a home in the new world. He reached New York on the thirteenth of October, following, and arrived in Columbus soon after. Here he found employment at once in the exercise of his trade, and engaged in it until 1861, when he was called to the charge of the chair factory in the Ohio penitentiary, at that time managed by Messrs. Brotherlin, Halm & Stage. This firm he served until its dissolution, in 1865, when he became foreman of the large furniture factory in Columbus, owned by Messrs. Halm, Bellows, & Butler. This responsible position he has held continuously to this date (December, 1879), a fact which speaks volumes in favor of his mechanical skill, fidelity, and ability to manage large bodies of men, and of the pleasant relations long maintained between employers and employed. In 1874, his fellow-citizens, of the eleventh ward, effected Mr. Engeroff a member of the board of education of the city of Columbus, which position he now holds, to the general acceptance and approbation of his constituents. His term expires next year. He was, also, in June of the present year, a nominee, upon the Democratic ticket, for the post of county infirmary director, and at the ensuing October election was voted in by a large majority, the second largest upon the entire ticket chosen. He is still in the full vigor of his manly prime, and other positions of honor and trust doubtless await him in the near future. On Christmas eve, 1855, Mr. Engeroff was married to Miss Philena Fell, a young Buckeye lady, also of Columbus. Their union has been blessed by six children, of whom five are still living—two daughters and three sons. The family resides in a pleasant home on west Court street, Columbus. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 561 into the university edifice. The lot on north High street, east of Goodale park, on which the college edifice stood, was donated by D. L. Goodale. The building was dedicated on the fourteenth of September, 1853, when addresses were delivered by William H. Seward, and Rev. Dr. Stohlman, of New York. The university organization includes the preparatory or grammar school, the collegiate and theological departments. At a meeting, in this city, of the joint synod of the Lutheran church of Ohio, in 1873, it was decided to dispose of the university and grounds, and accept the generous proposition of Frederick Michael, esq., which was to donate ten acres, in a square on East Friend street, for the university proper, and five acres of ground, in one acre lots, surrounding the square, for professors' residences; and to raise five thousand dollars toward the building of a ten-thousand dollar church, to be built opposite the university square. The first president of the university was Rev. W. M. Reynolds, D. D., who was succeeded' by Rev. Mr. Spielman, and the latter, about the year 1857, by Rev. W. F. Lehman, who was the incumbent at the time the institution was removed. As its present location is beyond the city limits, its subsequent history will be found in connection with that of Marion township. We append a brief history of the theological seminary, now merged in the university. THE GERMAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN SEMINARY. The institution of learning, bearing the above name, was founded in 1830. Its first location was on a lot containing ten acres of ground, in the south part of the city. This site and the buildings thereon were sold to Peter Hayden, and the Covert school property, on Town street, purchased for the use of the seminary and of Capital university, which had just been organized. After the erection of the university building, on north High street, the seminary became one of the departments of that institution. The seminary is under the general supervision of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio and adjacent States, and under the special control of a board of directors. A large proportion of the ministers of the Lutheran church in Ohio, and the borders of adjoining States, were prepared for the ministry at this institution. Its course embraces a series of lectures in exegetical, historical, systematic and practical theology. BOARD OF TRADE OF COLUMBUS. The board of trade of the city of Columbus, dates back only to the beginning of the present decade. A communication (over the well-known initials, J. H. S.) appeared in the leading papers of the city, on the sixth of November, 1872, stating that a call had been made, signed by many citizens, for a meeting at the board of trade room, in the city hall building, for the purpose of organizing an association, such as was contemplated by the municipal authorities, in the construction of that apartment. The writer of the article, after stating that such associations had been found of great advantage in other cities, in the advancement of their general interests, 71 summarized with great ability the resources of Columbus: in her position in the midst of beds of coal and iron ; in the wealth and enterprise of her citizens; in her facilities for manufacturing and commercial enterprises; and in her railroad connections with all portions of the country —resources which, rightly employed, would not fail to make Columbus rich and prosperous. On the other hand, the danger was pointed out of neglecting to seize upon these advantages, until more enterprising rivals should turn the tide of prosperity, which might have enriched Columbus, into other channels. United action was needed to make these great resources in the highest degree productive, and this could not be secured without organization—in short, without a board of trade, of which manufacturers, merchants, bankers, business men, professional men, and the citizens should become members, and assist in the advancement of all interests which affect the public good. This very able article closed with this statement of the primary object of a board of trade: "To collect, record, and diffuse special, as well as general, statistical information respecting manufacturing, commercial, and financial interests, and especially to guard and develop manufacturing, and other industrial resources. The public mind was evidently prepared for this movement, as, pursuant to the call, which had been sighed by nearly two hundred leading names and firms, a large meeting was held at the place appointed. The meeting was called to order by Jacob H. Studer, the author of the communication above quoted, on whose motion John L. Gill, the oldest and largest manufacturer in Columbus, was made temporary chairman, and Mr. Studer acted as temporary secretary. The following prominent business men were appointed to draft a certificate of incorporation, and a constitution and by-laws: Messrs. David W. Brooks, S. S. Rickley, T. Ewing Miller, C. P. L. Butler, and R. C. Hoffman. By request, ex-Governor Dennison delivered an extempore speech, setting forth, in very forcible language, the urgent demand for such an association as was proposed, and its claims upon the citizens of Columbus. At the close of this very able address, the committee presented to the meeting a form of certificate of incorporation, embodying the following summary: “The objects of said association are to promote integrity and good faith, and just and equitable principles of business; to discover and arrest abuses; to establish and maintain uniformity in commercial usages; to acquire, preserve, and disseminate valuable business statistics and information; to prevent, or adjust, controversies and misunderstandings which may arise between persons engaged in trade; and, generally, to foster, protect, and advance the commercial, mercantile and manufacturing interests of the city, in conformity with an act of the general assembly of the State of Ohio, entitled, an act to authorize the incorporation of boards of trade and chambers of commerce, passed April 3, A. D., 1866." The committee on constitution and by-laws were, on motion of Governor Dennison, instructed to insert in the by-laws a provision prohibiting the organization from contracting one dollar of debt, for any purpose whatever. At an adjourned meeting on the evening of November 14th, on motion of J. H. Studer, T. Ewing Miller, representing the largest mercantile firm in the city, was called to the chair. Mr. Brooks, from the committee, reported 562 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICK AWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. a constitution and by-laws, which were amended and adopted. The following committee, of six, was appointed to nominate candidates, for officers of the board: B. S. Brown, W. G. Deshler, R. C. Hoffman, Alexander Huston, D. W. Brooks, and E. 'I'. Mithoff. This committee reported to the third meeting, held November 21st, the following names being proposed: For president, John L. Gill; vice-presidents, T. Ewing Miller, Theodore Comstock, E. L. Hinman, D. S. Gray, W. B. Brooks, and H. Mithoff. secretary, H. Ma Failing; treasurer; Joseph Falkenbach. The report was accepted, and the nominations confirmed. The following are the first committees of the board of trade of Columbus: On inspection—William Monypeny, William B. Hayden, Y. Anderson, W. L. Hughes, Frank Hickox; on reference—John Greenleaf, Isaac Eberly, P. W. Huntington; on appeals—David W. Brooks, M. A. Daugherty, J. M. Westwater, Theodore H. Butler, L. Hoster; floor committee—Geo. W. Sinks, H. Brown, Charles L. Osborn. The board is, at present (November, 1879), in a quiescent state, keeping up its organization, with occasional meetings, but not seeing, just now, how it can further the public good, or accelerate the tide of returning prosperity, by putting its hand to any public enterprise. Having secured (as, by its timely action, it undoubtedly did,) the construction of the Scioto Valley railroad,, one of the most important thoroughfares leading to the city, it is resting for a while upon its laurels, waiting for the further developments of business. The present officers of the board are as follows : S. S. Rickly, president; C. P. L. Butler, P. S. Gray, Joseph Falkenbach, J. M. Westwater, J. B. Hall, vice-presidents ; Jacob Reinhard, secretary and treasurer. THE CITY HALL. This beautiful and imposing edifice, which stands on State street, nearly opposite to the south front of the State house, presents, in its highly ornamented facade, a striking contrast to the severe, classic simplicity of the latter building. Its architecture is modern Gothic, but its style of ornamentation follows no 'scientific rule or model, but is an original composition of its architect. The building is one hundred and eighty-seven feet six inches long, by eighty feet in width, and ninety-eight feet in height from the ground to the roof. The front has an altitude of one hundred and forty feet, from the ground to the top of the tower, and is composed of Amherst stone of a dark cream color, very agreeable to the eye. On the west side of the building are several entrances, affording free access to the several apartments designed for the post-office, which is situated on the right. But the main entrance is at the north side, beneath seven Gothic archways, supported by eight massive pillars, angular and irregular in shape, but elaborately ornamented with architectural mouldings. These arches extend up only to the second floor, and the space between them and the front entrances to the building constitutes a fine portico, about ten feet in width, which would be much more striking if its floor was elevated a few feet above the sidewalk. The three central archways are surmounted by a balcony; and the upper tiers of windows are of the Gothic style, corresponding to the archways. The portion of the building assigned to the different apartments of the post-office, is ninety-eight feet long by twenty-two wide, and has a fire-proof room in the rear, thirty feet by twenty. On the opposite side of the central lobby is the library-room, one hundred and ten feet long by twenty-six feet wide. In the rear is the apartment used by the board of trade, fifty-eight feet long and forty feet wide. Between this and the other apartments of the first floor is a lobby, running east and west, on both sides of which are stairways leading to the upper stories. The grand stairway ascends from the main entrance, where it branches off to the right and left, ascending to the corridor and the public hall. On the second floor, another central hallway extends through the building, leading to the council chamber. On both sides of the central lobby of the second floor, are various rooms for the use of city officers and committees. Those on the east side are twenty by twenty-four feet, and those on the west are twenty by twenty-nine feet. The council chamber is fifty-nine feet long, by forty wide, and twenty-seven feet high. It is magnificently furnished. The walls are frescoed in water colors; and the floor, within the bar, is covered with a carpet of brilliant colors. Each member of the council is provided with a desk and a chair; and, in the lobby, chairs are provided for spectators. Sofas are placed on the inside of the bar. The chamber is brilliantly lighted by three chandeliers, having, in all, twenty-four burners. The president's stand is on the west side of the apartment, and in front of it are the clerk's and reporter's desks. The walls of the room are ornamented with the portraits of prominent men—several of them citizens of Columbus. Directly back of the president's stand is the portrait of Dr. Lincoln Goodale, and on the south wall are the portraits of Luther Donaldson, Colonel John Noble, and R. W. McCoy. On the north wall are those of Grafton Douty, Abraham Lincoln, and Colonel P. H. Olmstead. A portrait of Washington occupies a place on the western wall. In the third story is the public hall, one hundred and forty feet long, by seventy-four feet wide, and fifty-three feet high. It will seat about three thousand people. The stage is at the south end of the hall, and is forty-five feet wide, and thirty feet deep. The hall is lighted by five chandeliers, the central one having sixty burners, and the others thirty each. The inclined gallery at the north end will seat five hundred persons. There is another apartment in the third story, directly over the council chamber, and corresponding with it in size. It is not at present appropriated to any special use. The building is warmed by steam, generated in the basement, and contains about two thousand five hundred feet of hot air ducts, and about the same length of pipes for ventilation. The work on the City hall was begun in May, 1869—occupying about three years' time, and costing one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars. The architect was R. T. Brooks; the superintendent of the work, Jacob Boswell; the contractors, Messrs. Hall, Lawson, and HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 563 Fornoff; and the sub-contractors for cut-stone work, Messrs. William Fish & Sons. Luther Donaldson, president of the city council, was chairman of the committee who had the erection of the building in charge. He took a deep interest in the work, and gratuitously bestowed upon it unremitting care and attention, that the structure might be complete in every respect, at the least possible cost. The grand opening of the hall to public use took place on the evening of Mardi 28, 1872. The building was thronged by thousands of our citizens, whose admiration and delight were unbounded, as they viewed the noble structure and promenaded through its spacious and well-arranged interior. The festivities of the evening were on a large scale; and the event will long be remembered as one of the most interesting in the history of Columbus. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. In January, 1872, an ordinance was passed by the city council establishing a public library and reading room. The ordinance provided that this institution should be under the control of seven trustees, who were to serve without compensation, to appoint their own president, secretary and treasurer, and such other officers and as- sistants as they may deem necessary, and to fix their com- pensation. They were also authorized to establish such by-laws and regulations for the government of the library and the preservation of its books and other property as they might deem proper. The mayor, the president of the city council, and the president of the board of education, are ex-officio members of the board of trustees. The council elected, on the twelfth of February, 1872, Otto Dressel and W. B. Hayden, to serve for one year, and John W. Andrews and A. S. Glenn, to serve for two years. The board, thus elected, met and organized February 19, 1872, by electing John W. Andrews, president; Otto Dressel, secretary; and Alexander S. Glenn, treasurer. By-laws were adopted for the government of the board and the regulation of the library and reading room. Any resident of the city has access to the library and reading 'mom free of charge, and residents over fifteen years of age can take out books. It is necessary here to give a brief history of an organization which preceded that which we have been considering. The Columbus Atheneum, a voluntary association formed in 1853, for the purpose of maintaining a library and reading room, after. acquiring a library of about fifteen hundred volumes, had been compelled to close its labors for lack of the patronage necessary to its support. Their books had been boxed and stored for several years previous to the establishment of the public library. The three surviving directors of the Atheneum, Jos. Hutcheson, J. J. Janney, and W. E. Ide, united in transferring these books to the newly organized board of trustees, and they were accordingly placed in the room assigned by the city council, for the use of the public library, in the new city hall. Through the exertions of Luther Donaldson, esq., about three thousand dollars were raised and expended in flitting up the library room in this very desirable location. The books in the library at its opening were all donated—from the Atheneum library, twelve hundred volumes; from the High school library, three hundred and fifty-eight volumes; and from the horticultural society, thirty-three volumes. By authority given in the municipal code, the council has caused a library tax to be levied upon all taxable property of the corporation, which yields an annual library fund of two thousand dollars, thus providing for its perpetuity and the gradual increase of the number of its volumes. The following items are gleaned from the report of the librarian, dated March 31, 1879, and are, alike, creditable to the trustees, the librarian, and the reading public : The leading newspapers and other periodicals of this country, and many of foreign countries, may be found 'upon the convenient stands of the library reading-room. There are twenty-six dailies, including the five published in this city, and one from St. Louis in the German language. There are thirty-nine weeklies, seven from this city—five in the German language, one in French, and one in Welsh. Of this number, ten are religious periodicals. There are fifteen monthly magazines—the choicest among American monthlies, and also a number from abroad, four of them being in the German language. All the papers of this city, secular and religious-, are furnished without cost. The expense of renewing the periodicals for the year is three hundred and twelve dollars and twenty-six cents. The catalogue of the Public library shows four thousand three hundred and sixty-eight volumes. Of these, about nine hundred volumes were obtained from a circulating library, which existed for several years, and was discontinued about the year 1877. There are, besides eight volumes of the Encyclopaedia Britannica, which it is proposed to complete, and about thirty volumes at the bindery, not registered. The number donated during the year, one hundred and forty-six. Forty-five of this number are public documents, from Senator Thurman and General J. Mitchell. Twenty large engravings, representing the most beautiful and costly public buildings of the country, were placed in the library by General Mitchell, and are certainly very appropriate decorations for its walls. In the public school department of the library, four thousand two hundred and forty-nine volumes are registered, the amount expended by the school board in the purchase of books during the year, being two thousand four hundred and fifteen dollars and forty-three cents. The Deshler Alcove registers eight hundred and thirteen volumes; the Noble Alcove, two hundred and nineteen, and the Hubbard, one hundred and sixty-two, making an aggregate of nine thousand eight hundred and seventy-four volumes. The number of issues from the entire library during the year is forty-five thousand three hundred and sixty-eight, an increase of seven thousand three hundred and twenty-six over the issues of last year. It is to be noticed also, as a very gratifying evidence of the good work being done by the Public library, that though the greater part of the readers do still ask for novels, the class reading books of intrinsic value is daily increasing, and among novel readers, there is a growing demand for the higher 564 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. grade of light literature—the productions of the standard English and American authors. UNITED STATES ARSENAL-NOW COLUMBUS BARRACKS. Action having been taken in congress looking towards the establishment of another United States arsenal, a joint resolution was adopted by the Ohio legislature, April 27, 1862, instructing the senators, and requesting the representatives in congress to use all honorable means to secure the location of the contemplated armory at some suitable place in the state of Ohio. A memorial was also sent to congress at the same session, signed by W. B. Hubbard, Samuel Galloway, John S. Hall, Wm. G. Deshler, Walstein Failing, and Peter Ambos, a committee on behalf of the citizens, and by A. B. Buttles, Horace Wilson, and Luther Donaldson, a committee on behalf of the city council,. setting forth the advantages of Columbus as a location for an arsenal. These efforts resulted in an appropriation by congress, for the establishment of the arsenal at Columbus. An act was passed by the legislature, at the following session, March 2I, 1863, giving the United States jurisdiction over the lands that had been, or might be, purchased in the county of Franklin for the erection of a national arsenal, for the deposit and repair of arms and other munitions of war. General Buckingham, acting for the war department, selected a site for the arsenal in the northeast part of the city, on the tract known as "Neil's woods"; and, on the seventeenth of February, 1863, prior to the passage of the above act, had purchased from Robert Neil, seventy-seven and three-fourths acres, lying in nearly a square form, for the sum of one hundred and twelve thousand, three hundred and seventy-seven dollars. The buildings were located September 3, 1863, and their construction commenced in October following, under the direction of Captain T. C. Bradford. The architect was, at first, J. 0. Sawyer, who was succeeded by N. B. Kelley. The main building and the magazine were completed in August, 1865, and the reception of military stores from eastern arsenals was at once commenced. The other buildings were completed before the close of the year. All of the .structures are of brick, with substantial stone foundations, and admirably adapted to the purpose of their construction. The buildings are grouped around a square, in the centre of which is the office, the main building being on the south and in front of it. The following is an enumeration of the different structures, with a brief description of the two principal ones: The main building is two stories high, one hundred and eighty by sixty feet, with a tower thirty-four feet square, and five stories high. This building is used for the storage of arms and accoutrements, the tower containing the stairway and hoisting apparatus. Artillery store house—two stories high, two hundred and one by fifty-one feet, used for storing artillery carriages and harness. Central office, barracks, guard-house, magazine, officers' quarters, No. t, officers' quarters, No. 2, stable, workshop. The arsenal is situated on elevated ground, and commands a fine view of the city and surrounding country. The grounds are handsomely laid out in walks and drives, and are interspersed with forest trees and shrubbery. Several acres of the domain are allotted to pasturage and gardening. The value of the arsenal grounds and buildings, in 1872, was estimated at four hundred and forty-two thousand, four hundred and twenty-two dollars. The several commandants, while the post was continued as an arsenal, were as follows: J. W. Todd, captain of ordnance, took command September 3, 1863, and was relieved on the third of December ensuing by George B. Wright, colonel. and military store-keeper, who resigned, February 10, 1864, and was succeeded by T. C. Bradford, captain of ordnance; relieved July 13, 1869, by Theodore Edson, major of ordnance ; relieved July 3o, 1869, by E. Penrose Jones,• captain and ordnance store-keeper; relieved November 19, 1869, by John McNutt, major of ordnance—Captain Jones continuing as ordinance store-keeper. By an order from the war department, issued September 24, 1875, the character of the post was changed from a depot of arms, or arsenal, to a recruiting depot, or barracks; that is, not merely a station for obtaining re cruits, but a depot for concentrating recruits made at different stations, organizing and holding them in readiness for orders to any point where they may be needed. The military stores were removed to Indianapolis, only such being retained as are required in the recruiting service, and an appropriation of thirty thousand dollars was expended in building additional officers' quarters, and remodeling buildings for the purposes of barracks. The transfer of the recruiting depot from Newport, Kentucky, to Columbus, took place October t, 1&75, under the charge of Major Mason. This depot recruits for artillery and infantry only, but receives artificers, musicians and common soldiers; and commanders elsewhere make requisitions for men of these different classes, whenever and wherever needed. Major John E. Yard was in command of the barracks from 1877 to 1878, and was succeeded by the present commandant—Lieut. Col. T. M. Anderson, Ninth infantry. The general aspect of the barracks and grounds, as well as that of the men at drill and on fatigue, shows a rare administrative ability in the commander. All of our readers may not be aware that every military post has its school, and that the teachers are enlisted men. Great credit is due to Colonel Anderson, for the active interest he has shown in providing means of intellectual training, not only to the children connected with the post, but to those among the recruits who may be interested in self-improvement. Colonel Anderson has also attempted to establish a normal school at the Columbus depot, for the training of teachers for the army—a scheme which the war department would do well to encourage, by offering inducements to suitable men to enter the service. Why should not the post schools be model schools? Granted there are some difficulties in the way; we think, with the gallant colonel, that they are not insuperable. The average number of men sent on requisition to various points differs annually. During the past year [1879] the number was one thousand and eighty-two, though for three months of the year no recruiting was HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 565 done. The present commander notices this difference: now, they are getting seven out of eight native born residents; whereas, before the war the proportion was about reversed. Only about one in six applications is received, which shows that the army is not an omnium gatherum. A daily report of the number of men received, and detachments ,sent, is made to the general superintendent of the United States recruting service, at New York. The following is 9e present detail of officers at the barracks: Lieut.-Col. T. M. Anderson, Ninth infantry; Surgeon William M. Notson, United States army; Capt. Kinzie Bates, First infantry; Capt. A. A. Harbach, Twentieth infantry; Capt. Geo. H. Burton, Twenty-first infantry; Capt. A. C. Markley, Twenty-fourth infantry; 1st Lieut. Patrick Hasson, Fourteenth infantry; A. A. Surg. A. F. Steigers, United States army; 1st Lieut. J. B. Guthrie, Thirteenth infantry. It is worthy of note, that one of the officers of this detail is a grandson of a colonel in the revolutionary war, and of a general in the war of 1812, and also a nephew of the gallant officer who received and returned the first fire in the late war of the Rebellion; and that another of them is a grandson of General Simon Kenton, so celebrated in the ann.'s of Indian warfare. AMUSEMENTS.  A large frame building, designed for theatrical representations, was erected on the west side of High street, between Broad and Gay, in the year 1835. It was first opened, in the winter of that year, by Messrs. Dean and McKinney, managers, with a dramatic corps, and continued to be opened, during the winter, for six or seven years, when it was closed. The building was purchased, in 1843, by Mr. Gilbert, by whom it was remodeled, and was, for several years, known as the City hall. A second metamorphosis converted it into private dwellings. The "large" frame building, on High street, still stands, but looking particularly small, sandwiched between two towering business blocks. THE STATE STREET THEATER. After the lapse of more than ten years, during. which time there is no reason to suppose that Melpomene and Thalia despised the Columbians for the poverty Of their shrines, a second building was dedicated to histrionic art. It was erected in 1855, by John M. Kinney & Co., on State street, nearly opposite the south front of the State house. This second structure erected in the city, in the interest of popular amusement, was opened on the evening of September 12, 1855, under the name of the "Dramatic Temple;" and let no one deem the name in any degree pretentious; for is not every structure reared by man a temple, dedicated to some deity, ignorantly rshipped, alas, too often? The opening was signalized an address, and by the singing of the "Star Spangled Banner," followed by the favorite comedy, "The Honeymoon," and the farce, "State Secrets." The theater continued to enjoy a liberal patronage, until the excitement attendant upon the late war diminished, and the opening of the Opera house, near its close, divided public patronage. THE ATHENEUM. The State Street theater, having become the property of William A. Neil, of this city, was entirely remodeled and refitted, at an outlay of twenty thousand dollars, and took, at its second opening, the name of the "Atheneum." It was opened as a place of public entertainment, on the evening of November 13, 1871, with the opera of the "Doctor of Alcantara." Having the advantage of a central location, and great ease of access, added to its attractive stage appointments, it has continued to hold its place in the public estimation as a favorite resort for amusement. THE GRAND OPERA. During the summer of 1879, the Atheneum having fallen into the hands of one of the most enterprising of the business men of Columbus, E. T. Mithoff, the entire interior has again been remodeled and refurnished, and a new front of handsome design added. The building, thus reconstructed at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars, and presenting, in its interior, a most attractive tout ensemble (as the visitor, with a suddenness somewhat startling, steps from the thronged pavement into a world so entirely apart from the work and worry outside), has received its third sobriquet, spelled out upon its beautiful facade, in brilliant gas jets—"Grand Opera House." Its present capacity is eighteen hundred—this being an increase of three hundred seats. Colonel Theodore Morris is the present popular lessee; and it is fair to say that the prospect of the "State Street theater" is now most flattering—a prospect which the lessee will deserve to realize, if he shall persevere in his present laudable efforts to popularize the legitimate drama, and so make the stage what its advocates have always claimed it to be, a "school of morals." THE COMSTOCK OPERA HOUSE. The Opera House block, one of the finest in the city, was completed in 1864. It was called by the proprietors, "Union block," but by the public, generally, "Cotton block." Opera House building, or block, has, however, superseded the other appellations. Its situation is central, being on the west side of High street, between Town and Rich. It is four stories high, the first floor containing seven large rooms, suitable for stores or other extensive business. The grand feature of the building, however, is the opera house, occupying the three upper stories, in the rear of the southwestern portion of the structure. In dimensions, arrangement, and ornamentation, at the time of its construction, it was far in advance of any hall previously erected in the city. The frescoing and scenic decoration were the work of eminent artists from abroad. The block was erected by H. E. Smith, Theodore Comstock, and C. P. L. and Theodore H. Butler. The opera house was built by Messrs. Smith and Comstock, under the immediate supervision of the latter gentleman, whose name it bears. This hall is not leased, but is under the control of Mr. Comstock, and enjoys now, as from the first, a large share of public patronage. 566 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES. The medical profession, in Columbus, is represented by about eighty physicians adhering to the "regular," or "old school" practice, and seven or eight adhering to Homoeopathy. Among these practitioners are several of well-earned eminence in the profession, whose talents, learning, and success fully entitle them to an extended notice in a work like ours. But, partly because it might seem invidious to give biographical sketches of some, and leave other unnoticed; partly because we should be unable to draw any line of distinction ; and, still more, because we Shave no space to notice worthily even a tithe of the deserving, we have concluded that we must content ourselves with a brief history of the medical schools and societies now ,existing in the city. And, as first in the order of time, we begin with STARLING MEDICAL COLLEGE. Starling medical college is the successor of Willoughby medical college, located at Willoughby, Lake county, which, upon the reorganization of its board of trustees in 1846, was removed to Columbus. One course of lectures only was delivered here under this organization, and then the institution was abandoned. During this last year of its existence, Lyne Starling, one of the original proprietors of the site of Columbus, bequeathed, on the eighteenth of December, 1847, thirty thousand dollars, to be paid in installments for the purchase of a lot, and the erection of suitable buildings thereon for a medical college, and the establishment of a hospital, in connection therewith. The trustees named in this bequest, were: William S. Sullivant, John W. Andrews, Robert W. McCoy, Joseph R. Swan, Francis Carter, Samuel M. Smith, and John Butterfield. In 1848, Mr. Starling added five thousand dollars to his generous bequest, making it thirty-five thousand dollars. The trustees, on the second of January, 1848, met and accepted the trust, and on application to the legislature, Starling medical college, to be located at the State capital, was chartered by a special act, passed January 28, 1848. The board of trustees organized under the charter, by electing William C. Sullivant, president; R. W. McCoy, treasurer; and Francis Carter, secretary. The following gentlemen were chosen, January 29, 1848, members of the faculty: Henry H. Childs, M. D., John Butterfield, M. D., Richard L. Howard, M. D., Jesse P. Judkins, M.D., Samuel M. Smith, M. D., Frederick Merrick, A. M., and Francis Carter, M. D. One hundred and sixty students were in attendance the first year, and the degree of M. D. was conferred upon thirty-two persons; six receiving honorary degrees. Immediately after the charter was obtained, in the winter of 1848, a location was se- , cured on east State street, corner of sixth. The erection of the much admired college edifice was begun in 1849, under the superintendence of the architect, R. A. Sheldon. The first course of lectures was delivered in the partially completed college building, in the fall of 185o; Professor Carter opening the course by an appropriate inaugural address. The college has a chemical labratory of rare excellence; and is also well furnished with the means for instruction in practical anatomy, as well as other departments of medical science, and has a well stored museum. The faculty, distinguished as eminent practitioners, are the medical advisers of St. Francis hospital, which is connected with its lecture rooms. As the best and most concise account of its present condition we quote the following paragraph from its most recent official publication: "The thirty-third annual announcement of Starling medical college finds it in a flourishing and efficient condition. During the past few years its classes have rapidly increased in size, and no effort is spared by the trustees and faculty to merit success. Placed in the State capital, and possessing the finest college building in the State, every advantage is offered to the student that can be found elsewhere. The following are the names of the present faculty: Francis Carter, M. D., emeritus professor of obstetrics, and dean of the faculty; Starling Loving, M. D., professor of the theory and parctice of medicine; John M. Wheaton, A. M., M. D., professor of anatomy; James H. Pooley, M. D., professor of surgery; H. G. Landis, A. M., M. D., professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children; E. B. Fullerton, professor of materia medica and therapeutics; W. J. Conklin, A. M., M. D. (Dayton, Ohio), professor of diseases of children; Otto Frankenberg, M. D., professor of pathological anatomy; Alexander Dunlap, M. D. (Springfield, Ohio), professor of the surgical diseases of women; D. Tod Gilliam, M. D., professor of physiology; Davis Halderman, M. D., professor of surgical anatomy; Hon. J. W. Baldwin, A. M., professor of medical jurisprudence; George H. Fox, M. D. (New York city), clinical professor of dermatology; Thomas R. Pooley, M. D. (New York city), clinical professor of opthalmology and otology; T. C. Hoover, M. D, lecturer on operative surgery; Curtis C. Howard, A. B., lecturer on chemistry and toxicology; William H. Drury, M. D., clinical lecturer; A. M. Bleile, M. I)., lecturer of physiology; E. C. Brush, M. D., demonstrator of anatomy. Those of the faculty whose residence is not given are residents of the city. COLUMBUS MEDICAL COLLEGE. This school of medicine, established in 1875, is the youngest medical college in the State. The high standing of its incorporators, however, gives the fullest assurance of the thoroughness and stability of the institution. Prominent in their several spheres of public life, their names are in themselves no mean endowment. The incorporators were J. W. Hamilton, M. D., D. Halderman, M. D., W. B. Hawkes, M. D., D. N. Kinsman, M. D., Hon. M. A. Daugherty, Francis C. Sessions, esq., and J. F. Baldwin, M. D. One hundred and forty-three students were in attendance at the last session (1878-9), making this school, though so recently established, rank second in the State, in point of numbers. Its location in the very heart of the city, and center of the street railway system (thus placing every part of the city within easy reach), may be named as one among its many advantages. The building in which the college is located, on the corner of High and Long streets, is one of the most imposing structures in the city; and though not originally designed for this purpose, its ample space has HISTORY OF FRANKLAN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 567 been so, modified and arranged, as to leave nothing to be desired. The museum is closely connected with both the ‘amphitheater and the general lecture-room. It is provided with carefully arranged cases ; is well lighted, and will be kept constantly heated, thus rendering the extensive pathological collection of Professor Hamilton, fully available for the purposes of instruction. The course of instruction consists of didactic and clinical lectures, with daily examination in each department. The following list contains the names of the faculty and of their respective departments: J. W. Hamilton, A. M., M. D., professor of surgery, clinical surgery, and clinical opthalmology; H. C. Pearce, A. M., M. D.. professor of obstetrics; D. N. Kinsman, A. M., M. D., professor of the theory and practice of medicine, and dean of faculty; Theo. Sterling, A. M., M. D., professor of chemistry and toxicology ; E. H. Hyatt, A. M., M. D., professor of materia medica and therapeutics; J. F. Baldwin, 'A. M., M. D., professor of anatomy, and secretary of faculty; Howard E. Jones, A. M., M. D., professor of physiology ; M. C. Cuykendall, M. D., professor of medical and surgical diseases of women ; J. M. Dunham, M. D., professor of diseases of children; E. W. Larimore, M. D., lecturer adjunct on minor surgery; N. R. Coleman, M. D., lecturer on physical diagnosis, and the anatomy of the heart and lungs; Josiah Medbery, A. B., M. D., demonstrator of anatomy. The following are the names of the present board of trustees: W. E. Moore, D. D., president; Hon. M. A. Daugherty, W. B. Hawkes, M. D., J. W. Hamilton, M. D., H. C. Pearce, M. D., F. C. Sessions, esq., and E. H. Hyatt, M. D. With the view of maintaining cordial relations with the profession throughout the State, and also, of giving opportunity for the most searching scrutiny of the work done in the college, and for excluding unworthy candidates, a board of eighteen censors has heen selected by the faculty, from the State at large, who are duly notified, and requested to be present, to witness examinations and join the faculty in passing candidates. COLUMBUS ACADEMY OF MEDICINE. This medical society was organized November 6, 1874. Its objects, as set forth in the second article of its constitution, are: first, the cultivation and advancement of medical science and literature, and the elevation of the standard of the profession; secondly, the maintenance of union, harmony and good government among its members, thereby promoting the character, interests, honor, and usefulness of the profession; and, thirdly, the association of its members for mutual recognition and fellowship. Its membership is of three kinds : active, honorary, and corresponding members. Active members are regular practitioners of medicine and surgery in Franklin county; honorary members are regular physicians in Franklin county, who have ceased to be actual practitioners; and corresponding members are those belonging to the regular profession, outside of the county. The present officers of the society are as follows: Dr. N. S. Townshend, president; Dr. G. S. Stein, vice-president; Dr. J. C. Croesen, treasurer; I)r. H. G. Landis, secretary. The present members of the academy are the following: Doctors T. J. Farwell, O. Frankenberg, E. B. Fullerton, T. C. Hoover, C. P. Landon, Starling Loving, G. W. Mavis, Alex. Neil, F. Gorman, J. H. Pooley, C. Rashil, S. H. Steward, W. Trevitt, P. M. Wagenhals, J. M. Wheaton, G. M. White, J. B. Sensenig, M. D. Brock, R. Guidry, D. A. Morse, of Dayton insane hospital, C. B. White, N. R. Coleman, T. W. Taylor, of Grove City, S. Scott Turner, A. M. Bleile, W. A. Wilson, and H. B. Munnemaker, of Philadelphia Insane hospital. THE COLUMBUS PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY was organized September 4, 1876. Its declared objects are the same as those of the Academy of Medicine, and its three classes of members are the same. The following are the present officers: Dr. J. B. Thompson, president; Dr. Norman Gay, vice-president; I)r. H. Hendrixson, secretary. The following are the present members of the society: Drs. J. F. Baldwin, J. J. Beckman, N. R. Coleman, Albert Cooper, R. M. Denig, W. H. Drury, J. M. Dunham, W. D. Gilliam, Z. F. Guerin, Davis Halderman, D. N. Kinsman, N. C. Reed, J. B. Schueller, Rudolph Wirth, C. F. Emmich, T. W. Jones, P. F. Beverly, Henry Miller, H. L. Cheeny, P. E. Blesch, and E. S. Brush. The following are honorary members: Dr. H. Culbertson, of Zanesville; Drs. G. W. Maris and William Trevitt, of Columbus, and Dr. N. S. Townsend, professor in the State university. Although the object of these societies, in the main, is individual benefit, and the advancement of the profession, yet they have sometimes exerted an influence in favor of public sanitary improvements, analagous to that exerted by the board of trade in behalf of important business improvements. Thus, we are informed, it was largely owing to their action, that a board of health was appointed by the municipal authorities, and that a new city prison has been built, partly as a sanitary measure. These two societies were originally one, and several conferences have recently been held, with a view to their reunion into one body. It would seem to be "a consummation devoutly to be wished," but all speculation in regard to it would be prophecy, and not history. THE HOMOEOPATHISTS. The practitioners of this school of medicine have never formed among themselves any medical association. We can not, therefore, record their names in any such relation, but, as the list is not very extended, we will give it entire, as follows: Drs. E. C. Beckwith, R. D. Connell, J. H. Coulter, J. R. Flowers, D. R. Kinsell; C. M. Savage, C. C. White, F. S. Adams, and Carpenter. NORTH COLUMBUS. The little village, with this name, up in Clinton township, which Columbus (like a toad attacking a fly) thrust out its long tongue and gobbled up, in 1871, is thus spoken of in Mr. Martin's history of Franklin county: " In 1852, Messrs. Solomon and George W. Beers laid out some lots on the road side, between Clintonville and Columbus, and had their plat recorded, and named the place 'North Columbus,' in which some considerable improvements have been made." This is the only historical allusion we have ever seen to this aspiring little hamlet by the "road side." 568 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. The two brothers, named above, as proprietors of the village, were sons of David Beers, who came into Clinton township, from Pennsylvania, early in the present century. He purchased a large farm, including the land laid out in this village plat, of the Simmons heirs, their father having bought it of the original patentee, Jonathan Dayton, in 1807. The surveyor by whom the village was laid out, was Samuel Kinnear, who came to Clinton township from Pickaway county, about the year 1831. He was the brother of Judge David Kinnear, who first laid out the town of Circleville, and was for a long time a private surveyor in the employ of General Duncan McArthur, of Chillicothe. Although the plat was recorded, the village never was incorporated. When first laid out, it contained only five or six families. It had increased, when taken into the corporation of Columbus, to thirty or forty. It is claimed that a large majority of them were opposed to annexation; and the same complaint is prevalent, as in the case of Franklinton, that the petition, praying to be taken in, was not fairly obtained, and that the act of the city council, based upon it, was an act of usurpation. But that the same effect has been realized, as in Franklinton, all admit. The population has just about doubled in eight years, and the demand for houses is much greater than the supply. A flourishing Congregational church was organized about five years ago. There is one grocery, and one store for dry goods and groceries combined, kept by Mrs. Ramlow and two sons, who are doing a very flourishing business. There is one kind of business, however, which is sadly overdone. The place contains five drinking saloons! But it is claimed that they are patronized principally from outside of the village. A large majority of the resident young men are united in the support of the village church. The factory of the Columbus Sewer Pipe company, one of the largest in the country, is located here, but just beyond the corporation limits. OPENING OF THE CIVIL WAR. A record of the alacrity and zeal with which the capital city of Ohio ranged herself among the foremost of the friends of the national government (a record so honorable to her citizens), should make a prominent chapter in any publication claiming the responsible name of a history of. Columbus. Not that she differed, in this respect, from her sister cities of the State, and of other States; but that, should a like peril again threaten the Union, priceless now, surely, since this later offering of the noblest of myriads of households upon the altar of Liberty, her example may stand, a warning and rebuke, if need be, to traitors and treason; or, better still, the source from which inspiration shall be drawn to nerve the hearts of worthy sons, to emulate the deeds of noble sires. The wave of mingled grief and indignation which was produced by the announcement, that the Nation's flag had been fired upon by fratricidal hands, inundated the entire loyal portion of the land; and everywhere but one feeling was aroused. From the farthest hamlet, as well as from the crowded mart and the centres of legislative and executive authority, came the cry of a great people—"'The uuion must be saved !" To say that the city of Columbus made everything subservient to the one grand cause, the preservation of the government, is saying only what might be said of _every corporate community in the broad land; and yet each history has its local interest its local actors ; and these are the rightful inheritance of the children's children, not only to the third and fourth generation, but to all coming time. Upon the receipt of the news of the fall of Sumter, an immense meeting of citizens was held at Armory hall on the evening of April 17, t 861. Judge Joseph B. Swan was made president, and a large number of prominent citizens were made vice-presidents. Patriotic speeches were made by judges Swan, Warden, and Rankin, General Joseph H. Geiger, and Samuel Galloway. A series of resolutions, prepared and submitted by a committee appointed by the meeting, were unanimously adopted. These resolutions called upon the citizens of Ohio, ignoring all past political differences, to yield a hearty and prompt support to the National government, in its efforts to put down (short words suffice when grave exigencies confront) treason and rebellion; affirming that to accomplish this end, no necessary sacrifice of men or money could be too great; that, if need be, the members of the meeting would pledge their lives, their fortures, and their sacred honor, to maintain the constituttion, enforce the laws, and restore the Union to its original integrity; and that the meeting pointed with pride to our own citizen soldiers, who had already tendered their services to the government. Thus, in the sacred formula of the fathers, did they consecrate themselves to the cause of American liberty. In obedience to a voluntary (or more properly speaking, an involuntary) rush to arms, rather than in response to the call for men, troops began to arrive in the city. Goodale park was selected as a military camp, called Camp Jackson, and used for the rendezvous, organization, and equipment of regiments. All troops north of Hamilton county, and south of the Reserve were to rendezvous at Camp Jackson. The quiet park, so lately the resort of groups of children feeding the fishes in the pond, or watching the frolicking of the white rabbits; or of nurses trundling their mimic phaetons through the inviting shades, was suddenly transformed into a place of hurried preparation for the stern realities of war. White tents gleaming through the tender spring foliage ; large wooden buildings, hastily erected, for the use of the gathering soldiers; heavily laden wagons continually going and coming; volunteers constantly arriving, and regiments departing; inspiring strains of martial music borne on every breeze; these were the sights and sounds which brought home to the hearts of our people a realization of the truth, that a great struggle had been commenced, and that the sacrifice which had been pledged, would be required at our hands. Two days after the meeting just described, the First and Second regiments of Ohio volunteer infantry left Camp Jackson for Washington, April 19, 1861. In the HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 569 Second regiment were two Columbus companies—the Videttes, captain Thrall; and the Fencibles, Captain J. H. Riley. In the Third regiment, formed at Camp Jackson April 24th, were the following Columbus companies: A, Governor's guards, Captain I. H. Morrow; B, Governor's guards, Captain Wing; Columbus Stuben guards, Captain Schneider; Montgomery guards, Captain C. Turney. Captain Morrow was Elected colonel of the Third regiment, five companies of which, including companies A and B, Governor's guards, left Camp Jackson on the twenty-ninth of April, for Camp Dennison, near Cincinnati. The Montgomery guards left a few days afterward, and the Stuben guards on the eighth of May, for the same destination. An ordinance was passed by the city, April twenty-seventh, appropriating twenty thousand dollars for the relief of the families of the volunteers, residents of the city. The relief committee, having control of this fund, consisted of Messrs. L. L. Smith, A. B. Buttles, A. O. Blair, Isaac Eberley, and J. H. Stauring. In the official list, published on the sixth of May, 1861, of the surgeons and surgeons' mates, appointed to the thirteen Ohio regiments called into the service, on the president's first requisiton, are the names of the following resident physicians of Columbus: Dr. W. L. McMillen, surgeon to the First regiment; Dr. Starling Loving, surgeon to the Sixth regiment; Dr. C. E. Boyle, surgeon to the Tenth, and subsequently to the Ninth regiment; and Dr. H. Z. Gill, surgeon's mate to the Eleventh regiment. Subsequently, When the nine additional regiments were organized, Dr. W. H. Denig was appointed surgeon's mate to the Fifteenth, and Dr. C. E. Denig, to the Sixteenth regiment. Captain C. C. Walcutt's Columbus company, which had been recruiting for some weeks at Camp Jackson, was reported, on the twenty-first of May, as assigned to the Twenty-third regiment, on an enlistment of three years. About the first of June the last recruits had joined the companies to which they were assigned, and the park was at length restored to the uses of peace. But these few discursive facts connected with the opening of the war are only the faintest outlines of histories that must remain unwritten, for who would lift the veil that conceals a sorrow so sacred as that of those who saw their young heroes go forth, but waited in vain for their return:, A camp, on a more extensive scale, was soon organ- ized on the National road, four or five miles west of the city. Though called, at first, Camp Jackson, the name was soon changed to Camp Chase, in honor of Salmon P. Chase, ex-governor of Ohio, and then secretary of the United States treasury. From a camp for the rendezvous, organization, and drill of troops, it became, as the war progressed, the quarters for paroled prisoners of war, and the site for a huge prison, for the confinement of rebel prisoners. This camp lasted as long as the war lasted. A second camp, called Camp Thomas, was established three or four miles north of the city. At first, it was used as the rendezvous of Col. H. B. Carrington's regiment, Eighteenth United States infantry, but soon became a camp for general war purposes. At a later stage of the war [in 1863] Tod barracks, named in honor of Governor Tod, were built on the east side of High street, north of the Union depot. They were intended for the accommodation of recruits, and of sick, disabled, and other soldiers, and ultimately became the place. where regiments and other military organizations were disbanded and paid off. The parade and drill ground inside the enclosure at Tod barracks, was four hundred and twenty-five feet long by two hundred and sixty-two feet wide. REJOICINGS AT THE PROSPECT OF PEACE, CHANGED TO REJOICINGS FOR THE RETURN OF PEACE. So cheering was considered the prospect of ultimate success to the armies of the Union, in the spring of 1865, that Governor Brough, by proclamation, set apart Friday, April 14, the anniversary of the fall of Fort Sumter, as a day of thanksgiving. A few hours after this official recognition of the dawn of peace had quickened the pulses of those who waited and prayed for its return, the city was aroused by a sudden peal of joy-bells. Soon, rockets traversed the sky, and bon-fires blazed in all directions. Actuated by one impulse, excited throngs gathered in the State house square. There it was soon learned that the sympathetic wires had flashed across the continent, "Lee has surrendered." The shouts of the people rang out on the midnight air, and the booming artillery ratified the glad news. Houses were illuminated, speeches made, and songs and music filled the remaining hours of the night—for who would sleep when the white-winged dove of peace brooded again over the city and the nation ? The clangor of bells, and the roar of cannon, awoke the slumbering city early on the morning of Friday, the 14th. At the appointed hour, the churches were thronged; the "joyful sound of the gospel of peace" was heard, and anthems of praise ascended, like incense, before the throne of heaven. In the afternoon, throngs of citizens, from town and country, were addressed from the east front of the capitol, by George M. Parsons, of this city, John Sherman, Dr. Dorsey, and Samuel Galloway. The poems, "Sheridan's Ride," and "Where's Sherman?" were read by Evelyn Evans, the actor. The afternoon exercises were enlivened by the fine music of the Tod barracks band. At six o'clock in the evening, an artillery salute, and the sound of merry bells, announced that thanksgiving day was drawing to a close. The coming on of nightfall, however, presented a grand and beautiful spectacle. Nearly the whole city was in a blaze of light; not only were houses illuminated, but lights and Chinese lanterns shone from trees, and from every conceivable point of suspension. Roman candles, transparencies, and jets of gas, flashed and gleamed on every side. Nothing could exceed, in beauty and sublimity, the circle of light surrounding the dome of the State house. Crowning this grand illumination, came the torch-light procession, headed by the band of the Eighty-eighth Ohio regiment, preceding the orators of the evening, the State officials, the general and staff officers of the army, the city council, and both branches of the State legislature, in carriages. Then followed. the One Hundred and Thirty-third regiment, National guards, with the perma- 72 570 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. nent garrison at. Tod barracks, and the paroled forces; the veteran reserve corps, discharged soldiers, the fire department, with gaily decorated carriage and truck, and a deputation of colored citizens bringing up the rear. The procession was nearly a mile in length, and during its march through the principal streets, cheer after cheer greeted its appearance. Arrived at the State house, speeches were made by Rev. A. G. Byers, S. S. Hencle, Colonel Granville Moody, and J. H. Geiger. A volley of musketry, and exultant strains of music, closed the public exercises of this most enthusiastic and heartfelt thanksgiving for the glorious victory won by the arms of the Republic. PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S OBSEQUIES. The gloom that shut down upon the country, like a total eclipse at noon-day, on that memorable morning which followed a day .of such exultant rejoicing, to many of us is still present. It requires no effort of the memory to live over again, that sinking apprehension everywhere felt, that the Nation had received a blow from which she was staggering in that darkness, which, like a pall, seemed to envelop us. But the child born on the fifteenth of April, 1865, now a youth, contending for college honors, should, as an antidote to the possible influence of the lawless ambitions of the classic heroes of Greece and Rome, read the strong language of abhorrence and reprobation, in which the statesmen and patriots of his own republic execrate a crime which no sickly sentimentalism can disguise. The news of President Lincoln's assassination reached Columbus at an early hour on Saturday morning, April 15, 1865. How suddenly was the festive garb of yesterday changed for the emblems of mourning! Everywhere were seen the tokens of a great public calamity. Places of business, private houses, and public buildings were draped in mourning, and flags were displayed at half-mast. The gloom and dreariness of the day seemed to deepen the sad solemnity of the occasion. On Sunday, the churches were arrayed in mourning, and the services corresponded to these outward symbols of sorrow. Military bands performed solemn dirges, and funeral hymns were sung by full choirs. The city council met at five P. M., on Sunday, pursuant to an official call. A committee of nine was appointed to prepare resolutions expressive of the sentiments of the council. The committee consisted of Messrs. Douty, Donaldson, Graham, Thompson, Reinhard, Jaeger, Ross, Miller, and Naghten. Mr. Douty, from the committee, reported a preamble and resolutions, which were unanimously adopted, and which set forth in eloquent and forcible language the abhorrence of the council for the recent heinous crime committed in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the president of the United States—deprecating the inauguration in this country of that crime which had cursed and blighted other lands—expressing their high appreciation of the character of the chief magistrate, thus removed from a position, in which the most sanguine hopes had been raised of a speedy pacification of the country through the powerful influence of his patriotism—and affirming also, that "in this most painful hour of a na tion's distress, it is most meet and proper that all official bodies, and all citizens, should solemnly express their loathing of the deeds of murder that have caused this distress; that they should deter, by their unanimity, a repetition of such deeds, and should manifest clearly to the world that the people of these States are not, and do not mean to be, involved in the horrors of anarchy, and that they will never give up the blessings of law, order, and free government." A general meeting of the citizens of Columbus was held at the City hall, on Tuesday, April 19th. A series of resolutions were adopted, denouncing, in strong language, the infamous crime that had been committed at the national capital, eulogizing the late president, and recommending the closing of places of business in the city during the funeral at Washington, on the succeeding day. A committee of nine, consisting of W. G. Deshler, David S. Gray, J. E. St. Clair, W. Failing, Isaac Eberly, Rev. H. Mees, L. Kilbourne, C. P. L. Butler, and Dr. S. Loving, were appointed to co-operate with the city council committee in regard to the reception of the remains of the late president. The several lodges of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, adopted resolutions, expressing profound regret at the recent great national calamity, and ordering that the hall of the several lodges and encampments in this city be suitably draped in mourning for a period of thirty days. Arrangements were made by the jointaction of these committees for a military and civic procession, for a funeral oration, and other ceremonies at the capitol, on the 29th of April, when, as had been announced, the funeral train with the remains of the president, would arrive at Columbus at half-past seven o'clock in the morning. Twenty-two leading citizens were selected to act as pallbearers. On the morning of the day appointed, the funeral train arrived amid the tolling of muffled bells. Passing forward from the Union depot, the train stopped so that the funeral-car lay across High. street. An immense throng had assembled at the depot. Bands of music played solemn dirges while the coffin was taken from the car by veteran reserves and placed in the hearse. The procession was grand and impressive. The hearse was the great center of attraction. It was seventeen feet long, eight and a half wide, and eleven and a half feet high. The main platform was four feet from the ground. On this rested a dais for the coffin, over which was a canopy resembling a Chinese pagoda in shape. Black cloth, festooned, depended from the platform, fringed with silver lace, and ornamented with tassels of black silk. Surrouning the cornice of the canopy were thirty-six silver stars, and on the apex and the four corners were heavy black plumes. On each side of the dais was the word "Lincoln," in silver letters. The hearse was drawn by six white horses with housings of black, edged with silver fringe. The horses' heads were surmounted with large black plumes, and each was led by a groom dressed in black. The coffin lay on the dais in the hearse in full view of the people who thronged every window, balcony, and house-top, as well as every inch of sidewalk on each side. of High street. HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 571 The procession moved through some of the principal streets to the west front of the capitol. An arch over the western entrance to Capitol square bore the inscription, "Ohio mourns." The columns at the west front and the interior of the capitol were heavily draped; and various devices and inscriptions testified the public sorrow. The procession entered the capitol grounds through the western gateway, and proceeded to the rotunda, which, from the emblems of mourning on every hand, seemed for the time transformed into a gorgeous tomb. On a platform, ascended by five steps, was the dais, beautifully ornamented and festooned, on which the coffin was placed on a bed of white roses, immortelles, and orange blossoms. Prayer was offered in the rotunda, by the Rev. C. E. Felton, and the people walked without noise upon a carpet to the catafalque, passing by twos on each side of the coffin, viewing the remains and passing out—those on the right at the south, and those on the left turning to the north. It was found, by actual count, that over eight thousand persons passed in and out every hour, from half-past nine till four o'clock, so that, making all due allowances, it is estimated that the remains were viewed that day by over fifty thousand people. In the afternoon a funeral oration was delivered by Job Stevenson, then of Chillicothe, before a large concourse of people, gathered at the east terrace of the capitol. At six o'clock in the evening, the doors of the capitol were closed, the procession was reformed, a national salute was fired, and the remains of President Lincoln were borne away and transferred to the funeral car at the depot of the Indiana Central railway, for transportation to Indianapolis, the capital of Indiana. GENERAL GRANT'S RECEPTION. America's most renowned military chieftain, who has just now [October, 1879] returned from a continuous ovation, encircling the globe; and whose return has aroused again, in the hews of his grateful countrymen, the old enthusiasm of 1865, received one of his earliest and most flattering ovations, after the close of the war, in the city of Columbus. On the evening of September 18, 1865, the city council, on motion of Mr. Donaldson, appointed a committee, consisting of Mayor James G. Bull, G. Douty, president of the council, George M. Parsons, A. G. Thurman, Joseph R. Swan, Peter Ambos, and Thomas Lough, to whom was assigned the duty of extending to U. S. Grant, then lieutenant-general of the United States army, an invitation to visit Ohio, his native State, and accept the hospitalities of its capital. Messrs. Buttles, Donaldson, Ross, Stauring, and Patterson, were also appointed a committee to arrange for his reception, should he accept the invitation. The invitation being accepted, Tuesday, the third of October, was appointed for the reception. By noon of that day, the State house yard and the streets of the city were thronged with expectant people. At one o'clock, the cannon announced the general's arrival. From the depot, an immense procession moved to the west front of the capitol, where a -novel and interesting spectacle was presented. The whole western terrace, as well as the capitol steps, was crowded with pupils from the public schools, attended by their teachers, and displaying flags and bouquets. Through this brilliant scene, the procession passed into the State house, where the general had a formal reception in the governor's room. He was then conducted back to the west front of the capitol, and introduced to the assembled multitude by Mayor Bull, in a graceful and appropriate address. The general replied, expressing thanks for his warm reception, but declining any attempt at making a speech. He then re-entered the State house, amid deafening cheers, and held a levee in the rotunda, the people passing him in double column, many of them taking him by the hand. After this ceremony, he and his staff were escorted to the asylums for the blind and for the deaf and dumb. At four o'clock, a banquet was given to General Grant and party at the Neil house. Several hundred citizens were present, including some of the most prominent men of the State. After the banquet, Governor Anderson, in an appropriate speech, introduced the general, who, as usual, made a brief response. Speeches were then made by Governor Tod, Samuel Galloway, and Gen. J. H. Geiger; and the following toast, proposed by General Geiger, was drank standing and in silence: "The memory of the illustrious dead of the war." In the evening, General Grant and party visited the opera house, which was crowded with people; more curious to see him than to witness the play. The same night, the distinguished general took his departure for Pittsburgh. PRESIDENTIAL RECEPTIONS-THE VISIT OF PRESIDENT HAYES-A CONTRAST. On the seventeenth of October, 1879, President Hayes and family, on their return from a western tour, paid the capital of Ohio, or rather their old friends and neighbors at the capital, a passing visit. Of course, the chief magistrate of the nation could not be received entirely en famille, and so preparations were made for a becoming reception; of which a leading Columbus paper speaks as "one of the greatest demonstrations ever known in the capital city;" and this language is, doubtless, justified, at least on the principle that "the last is always the best." There was a civic and military procession under the command of Colonel Anderson, of the Columbus barracks. There was an immense throng within the Union depot, and all the space about it was filled with carriages. On the arrival of the train, the military marched into the building, came to a front, and presented arms when the president appeared—his appearance on the rear platform of the car being greeted with repeated cheers from the vast crowd. The reception committee, with distinguished citizens, entered the parlor car, and greeted the president and party. Mayor Collins, in a few well-chosen words, welomed the president to the city : The public having opened the way, the president, escorted by the committee of reception, and Mrs. Hayes, with a special escort, moved to the carriages. The opening of the reception was very enthusiastic, nor did the enthusiasm abate until the programme of the reception 572 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. committee had been carried out in every particular. Arrived 'at the east entrance of the capitol, the military formed a line facing west, and a passage was opened through the immense crowd for the carriages, containing the president, Governor Bishop, Mayor Collins, and the reception committee, to enter the spacious grounds surrounding the capitol Wilding. As the president, arm-in-arm with Governor Bishop, ascended the east terrace, followed by the mayor and distinguished citizens, the utmost enthusiasm prevailed, and cheer after cheer from the vast concourse, mingled with inspiring strains from the Barracks band. The attendance here was estimated at eight thousand. The terrace, on which about eight thousand persons can stand, was thronged, and the eastern portion of the capitol square was filled with people; while the military and other organizations, with citizens in carriages, filled Third street from State to Broad. After the addresses—that of welcome by Governor Bishop, that in response by the president, and one, in obedience to a call from the crowd, by ex-Governor Dennison—the party returned to their carriages, the procession was reformed, and the president was escorted to the residence of General Mitchell, on east Broad street, whither Mrs. Hayes and son had preceded him, going directly from the depot. In the evening a reception was held at the governors' portrait gallery, in the State house. But so great had the crowd become, by a general influx from all the surrounding towns, that but a very inconsiderable number of those who aspired to the honor of being presented to President and Mrs. Hayes, were gratified. To allay, as much as possible, the disappointment of the multitude, thus besieging the chief executive, Governor Bishop proposed that, inasmuch as the besiegers were riot, in this instance, office-seekers, something should be done for them. And, accordingly, after the hand-shaking had continued nearly two hours in the governor's reception room, the following coup d' etat was successfully executed: The president was injected into the crowd; whether hypodermically or not, we leave to the college of doctors; but if so, it establishes "materialization" beyond a doubt. For our chief magistrate appeared bodily in the midst of the densely packed multitude, ten thousand strong, at the west entrance of the capitol; and since, as he observed, hand-shaking could not be done in detail, or by retail, as some understood him, he offered his hand "wholesale" —and suiting the action to the word, his lifted hand was the signal for a forest of waving hands, which, lifted into the broad band of electric light blazing from the top of the Hayden block, reminded one of the spears evoked by Roderic Dhu. With the hands went up a shout which no doubt would be recognized as Buckeye, in any State in the Union, from Maine to Texas. Thus ended one of the most enthusiastic popular ovations ever paid to a president of the United States. PRESIDENT MONROE'S VISIT. " Look on this picture and on this." In strong, but pleasing, contrast to this last presidential reception, was that which took place in the same capital city, a little more than sixty-two years ago. In the latter part of August, 1817, Martin tells us, President Monroe and suite passed through this county on their return from Detroit, after his northern tour of inspection of the public fortifications, etc. The president and his companions, we are told, traveled on horseback, and were generally escorted from one town to another by the military, or by distinguished citizens. Now, we have nothing to say against railroads, for the good of the many, or palace cars for the convenience of the few, but for downright stateliness, commend us to a troop of mounted cavaliers, with "old-fashioned three-cornered hats," and well-bronzed faces, dashing through the country on a "canter," as the historian describes President Monroe's cavalcade to have ridden. In accordance with the prevailing custom, the citizens of Columbus sent the Franklin dragoons, under Captain Vance, the first of the six captains of that renowned troop, to meet the presidential party at Worthington and escort them to the capital, where suitable arrangements had been made to receive the distinguished guests. Then, as now, there was a reception in the State house, and then as now, appropriate speeches were made—that of welcome by the Hon. Hiram M. Currey, then treasurer of State. President Monroe, in his reply, complimented the infant city and its enterprising and hospitable inhabitants. We are not informed as to the precise moment of the arrival or departure or this knightly band, but presume, as the roads on which they traveled were not confined even to a double track, and were, therefore, free from all danger of collisions, the party owed no obligations to " time tables;" or, if one existed, it was, probably, carried in the portmanteau of the fastest rider. When all is said, however, Columbus, probably, has never received a more courtly company than that which rode through her streets under military escort, in August, 1817. Many, and eloquent, have been the laments over the decline of chivalry. But, if there is consolation in knowing the cause of a calamity, have we not, in the etymology of the word, all the alleviation of which the case admits? Man no longer curbs and controls that noble animal, without which even the name of chivalry would never have been known; whose neck is clothed with the thunder, and which smelleth the battle afar off; but, sitting upon silken cushions, he resigns himself to the steed that annihilates space and—sentiment; and, therefore, alas, has this thing come upon us. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. In 1872, the number of manufacturing establishments in Columbus (as we foot up from Studer) amounted to two hundred and fifty-four; the capital invested was estimated at five million and eighty thousand dollars ; the annual product, at nine million, three hundred and eighty-eight thousand dollars; and the number of hands employed, at four thousand six hundred and sirty-four. Several of these establishments were not exclusively de-devoted to manufactures, but were engaged also in buying and selling wares produced elsewhere. Some allowance, too, must doubtless he made for estimates given in round numbers—the tendency being, in such cases, to overstate, rather than understate, the facts. But after HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO - 573 making all allowance that can justly be claimed on these accounts, enough will remain to establish the fact that few, if any, citizens, west of the Allegheny mountains, can give a better showing of manufactures, for a population of thirty-five thousand—which was the estimated number at the close of 1872. Since that time the country has passed through a serious financial revulsion, from the effect of which it is just beginning to recover. During the period mentioned, several manufacturing establishments here have been closed; and all have, more or less, fallen off, in the amount of their products and the number of hands employed. The influence of reading prosperity has been very generally felt ; although the manufacturers of 'machinery still complain, that the wave of prosperity which has floated the furnaces and rolling mills into fair sailing, has not yet lifted them from the shallows in which they have been laboring for years past. It is estimated that the population of the city, now near the close of 1879, is about fifty thousand—an increase of fifteen thousand since 1872; but it is certain that the annual amount of manufactures has not increased in any such ratio, since the last mentioned date—even if it has increased at all. As we have neither time nor space to insert in our history the names and statistics of all the manufacturing establishments in the city, we took the advice of a gentleman well acquainted with this industry, in all its branches, as to the individuals, firms or companies, most worthy of mention. He gave us the names of about ninety; and to all of them (partlyin person, and partly through the post-office) we presented circulars containing blanks for the name of the business, date of establishment, first proprietor, present ditto, amount invested, annual product, number of hands employed; together with blank space for remarks. Greatly to our surprise and regret, considerably less than half of these circulars were returned. Those that were, however, may suffice to give a fair idea of the manufacturing interests of Columbus—and are, in tact, about all that we can find room for. In giving them place, we shall take no pains to observe the order of the time in which the several concerns were established, nor to classify them according to the different kinds of business. We begin with THE WASSALL FIRE CLAY CO., established in 1875, for the manufacture of sewer pipe, terra cotta work and fire brick. Their invested capital is sixty thousand dollars; the annual product of their business is fifty thousand dollars, and the number of hands employed, forty. G. G. Collins is president of the company ; H. Converse, the secretary, and George J. Atkinson, the treasurer. Their work is sold mostly in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, though large quantities are taken to other States. Terra cotta vases, fountains, etc., are extensively manufactured; though sewer pipe is their principal product. Some of their vases are beautiful reproductions of antique models. THE COLUMBUS SEWER PIPE CO. was established in 1866. The capital stock of the company is sixty thousand dollars; the annual product of their business amonnts to one hundred thousand dollars, and the number of hands employed is thirty-five. The president of the company, and general manager of the business is Theo. Rhodes, and the stockholders are among the most prominent citizens of Columbus. They manufacture pipe of superior quality, from clay taken from their own grounds, just outside the city limits in North Columbus, where their factory is situated. Their wares are shipped largely, east and west, and their trade is rapidly increasing. They handle all kinds of fire-clay goods. THE IRON FENCE MANUFACTORY of M. and D. Krumm was established thirty years ago, by Martin Krumm, sr. Their invested capital is ten thousand dollars, and the value of their annual product just about twice that amount. They employ ten hand's. Their specialty is wrought iron fencing for public enclosures. They also manufacture the patent wrought iron yielding post, and the patent forged spear picket. THE FURNITURE HOUSE OF HALM, BELLOWS AND BUTLER was first established in 1844, under the firm name of Halm & Stiles. After several partnership changes, the present name was adopted, February 1, 1867. Their workshops are on the bank of the canal at the foot of South street, where they employ one hundred and sixty hands in the manufacture of a full line of furniture and chairs. From these shops they turn out, every year, an amount of work averaging one hundred and sixty thousand dollars in value. They also purchase, for sale, from other quarters, goods to the amount of fifteen thousand dollars a year. Michael Halm, who has stood at the helm of this staunch business ship, through all her prosperous voyage of so many years, first came to Columbus in March, 1842. Like other old sailors, he could doubtless spin us many a yarn about the storms and calms he has encountered, and the threatening breakers through which he has steered his gallant craft in safety; and we regret that we have not room for some of them here. But we can only wish him bon voyage for the remainder of his eventful trip. THE COLUMBUS BOLT WORKS were established, as a joint stock concern, in 1873. Alfred Thomas is the president of the company, F. G. Waddell, Secretary; and H. A. Lanman, treasurer. Their invested capital is forty thousand dollars, the annual product of their business eighty thousand dollars, and the number of hands employed eighty-seven. Their specialty is the manufacture of carriage and fine bolts of Norway and Swedes iron; but they also. make bolts of every description, and drop forgings generally. Their work is sold in nearly every State of the Union. JACOB SCHAEFFING AND BROTHER'S FILE WORKS, located on the corner of Chestnut and Water streets, were established in 1865. They manufacture files and rasps of every description of the best double-refined cast-steel, which are sold in all the surrounding States. They employ twenty skilled workmen, and turned out, last year, 574 - HISTORY OF FRANKLIN AND PICKAWAY COUNTIES, OHIO. an amount of work valued at twelve thousand dollars—with an increasing business.   THE TRUNK MANUFACTORY   of J. A. Vandegriff, now located at '14, north High street, was originally established in 1857. He employs twenty-two hands, and, with a capital of seven thousand dollars, turns out an annual product of thirty-one thousand dollars. He also manufactures all kinds of willow ware. His customers, outside of Ohio, are mostly in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Indiana.   THE OHIO FURNITURE COMPANY   is the successor of Ford, Stage & Co., who established the business in 1862. Their invested capital is one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and the annual product of the business is set down at the same figure. The president of the company is George Gere, and the secretary and treasurer is D. E. Phillips. They do a wholesale business in all parts of the country, and are, also, one of the leading retail houses in Ohio. Their factory is located on west Mound street.   THE COLUMBUS STEAM PUMP WORKS   were established, in 1866, by Royce & Pulling, who employ a capital of ten thousand dollars, and from fifteen to twenty-five hands, in producing an amount of work every year, varying in value from twenty-five thousand to thirty-five thousand dollars. They manufacture Carrer's patent force pump, railroad steam pumps, steam engines, and machinery of all kinds.   L. BUCHSIEB AND SON'S TANNERY,   located on north Front street, was established in 1844. Their capital is eight thousand dollars, and, with nine men, they succeed in turning out an annual product of sixteen thousand dollars. The elder Buchsieb was born in 1818, in Germany, where he learned his trade ; he came to this country in 1842.   THE BOOT AND SHOE HOUSE OF MILLERS AND HUSTON,   manufacturers and wholesale dealers, was established in 1874. With a capital of one hundred and eighty thousand dollars, and the labor of thirty hands, they transact a business amounting to about three hundred thousand dollars. They expect to establish a branch house in Pittsburgh, January 1, 1880.   THE DOOR, SASH, AND LUMBER COMPANY,   of Columbus, was established, in 1871, with a capital of eighty thousand dollars, employing fifty men—their annual product is one hundred thousand dollars. William A. Platt is the president of the company, and Frank Hickok the secretary and treasurer.   IDE AND WILLSON,   manufacturers and wholesale dealers in boots and shoes, continue the business first established by Ide, Willson, & Claypoole, in 1864. Their capital is now one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and their trade is extended over West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana.   THE CAR AND CAR-WHEEL WORKS   of John L. Gill (who also manufactures plows, stoves, etc.) was established in 1826—being the oldest iron manufacturing establishment in the city. We are sorry that we cannot gratify the curiosity of the public by letting them know how much capital is invested in this business (perhaps Mr. Gill does not know, himself); but we shall cause them to " make great eyes " when we tell them that it brings in an annual product, amounting to the snug little sum of two millions of dollars. The number of hands employed is now four hundred and fifty; and, in forty years, Mr. Gill has not had less than fifty names on his pay role. As a business man Mr. Gill is one of the oldest, if not the very oldest, in Columbus. He was the first who brought coal to the city. The first canal boat that arrived was freighted for him. He was the first commission merchant here, and the first to make coke. The benefits which the people of Columbus have derived from his various enterprises, during the last half century, are neither few nor small. But we fear he will have to look to his laurels, as a public benefactor, if the story gets abroad (which he tells himself) that the first rats that made their appearance here, came on the above named canal boat.   THE TANNERY OF G. A. SCHANWECKER,   which has just been established on Friend street, near the canal, will doubtless prove one of the most important establishments of the kind in the State. The capital already invested amounts to about fifty thousand dollars, and the eighty vats have a capacity of two hundred hides per day. Mr. Schanwecker is from Loudonville, Ohio.   THE OLD FLOURING MILL,   built by William S. Sullivant, on the Scioto, just above Franklinton, in 1819, is now owned by S. S. Rickly, It seems to be doing a pretty good business in its old age —the property being estimated at twenty thousand dollars, and grinding out an annual product of twenty-five thousand dollars. From three to five hands do the work.   THE BLAST FURNACE OF THE FRANKLIN IRON COMPANY   "went into blast" in 1873, with a capital (including real estate) of one hundred and forty thousand dollars. It has a capacity of fifty tons a day; and, when in operation, employ fifty hands a day. It has been lying idle since June, 1874—which is a great pity; as it is well equipped and well located for business, just beyond the city limits, in Marion township.   THE MARBLE FACTORY   of Robey & Williams was established in 1848. Its present capital is fifteen thousand dollars; annual product, thirty-five thousand dollars; and number of hands employed, fifteen. All kinds of elegant tomb-stones and monuments are furnished at this establishment. Their marble and granite are procured from the best quarries in America and Europe; and all the work, except that of the turning-lathe, is done in their shop, at 179 north High street.   THE SPRING WAGON WORKS   of William Huston were established in 1878, with a capital of thirty thousand dollars; and annual product of one hundred thousand dollars; and eighty-four hands to produce it, make up the creditable record of this establishment.