450 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Murfreesboro, March 23, 1863, and was buried in the national cemetery there. Sarah Margaret, born March 6, 1847, resides in Xenia. John Brown was born February 20, 1849, and married Adelaide Bell Dotson, January 13, 1874. For several years he was agent for the American Express Company at Xenia but is now living in Columbus, Ohio. Charles William, born January 19, 1854, was married June 5, 1883, to Mary Frankenburger and is now living in Peru, Indiana. Eliza Alice, born August 9, 1856, was married January 22, 1880, to James Perry Howell, f Xenia. Albert Clinton, born December 28, 1861, wedded Mary Belle Haines, March 14, 1888. For the past eight years he has been connected with the F. C. Trebein Company of Xenia and Trebeins. They reside on a farm formerly owned by John Eavey, just outside of the city limits on the Wilmington pike. William V. Rhoades, the father of this family, was engaged in the manufacture of wagons and plows in Xenia for more than fifty years, being a leading representative of its industrial interests and an honorable business man whose integrity and reliability were above question. He was a life-long Democrat and died April 10, 1889, while his Wife, Eliza; Gowdy Rhoades, passed away February 6, 1890. JUDGE JOSEPH N. DEAN. Joseph N. Dean is now serving for the second term as judge of the probate court of Greene county, and is one of the leading members of the bar of his district. He make, his home in Xenia, and is numbered among the native sons of this county. There his birth occurred in Jasper township', August 22, his parents. being Joseph and Han- nah (Boggs) Dean, the former a native of Kentucky and the latter of Ohio, while both were f Scotch-Irish extraction. The pater- nal grandfather of our subject was one of the honored pioneers of this county. Corn- ing from Kentucky in 1812, accompanied by his wife' and eleven children, they set- tled in what is now New Jasper township, and there all of the children were reared to mature years and married and had families of their own, averaging eleven children each. There were thirty-six members f the family who served in the Union army, and all continued through the term of enlistment, and returned home, with the exception of one, who died at the front. Thirty of the number are still living honored veterans of the war which preserved the Union. Joseph Dean, the father of our subject, accompanied his parents to Ohio and throughout his entire life followed farming, although in early life he had learned both blacksmithing and shoemaking, which pursuits he followed for a few years in con- nection with farming. He was one of the most prosperous farmers of the county and Was a natural mechanic, having particular ability along that line. He could do any- thing required about the farm, and his effi- ciency in this direction enabled him to keep his place in first-class condition. In his family were nine children who reached mature years, while two died in infancy. The father passed away at the age f seventy-eight years, nine months and twenty-three days, while the mother was called to her final rest when she had reached the age of seventy-nine years, one month and four days. ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 453 The Judge was the eighth in order of birth in their family of eleven children. He acquired his early education in the schools Of New Jasper township and when seventeen years of age he offered his services to his country, enlisting on the 17th of AU-just, 1861, as a member of Company B, Fortieth Ohio Volunteer. Infantry, under Captain HayWorth and Colonel Cranor. He was mustered in at Columbus and the regiment was first assigned to the command of General Garfield. The first battle in which he participated was at Prestonburg, Kentucky. Later the regiment was assigned to the Fourth: Army.. Corps, under Gordan Granger, and with that command Judge Dean participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge and various engagements of the Atlanta campaign, including the battle of Atlanta. Later he met the enemy in a battle at Lovejoy 'Station and Jonesboro, and On the 17th of October, 1864, he was mustered out. He was wounded in the face at Chickamauga, and was again hit by rebel lead at Lookout Mountain., where he aided. in :capturing three pieces of artillery. He was recommended for the commission in recognition of his gallantry and bravery on that occasion. After his return home Judge Dean continued; his education, becoming a student in Smith College, at Xenia, while later he was a student in Iron City 'College, at Pittsburg, Where he completed his literary course and was graduated in 1867. He then began reading law under Hon. R. F. Howard at Xenia and for a time devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits, but wishing to make the practice of law his life work, in 1876, he entered the Cincinnati Law School, in which he was graduated with the class of 1879. Immediately afterward he opened an office in Xenia and has since been a member of the Greene county bar. In 1882 he was elected prosecuting attorney and served in that ca- pacity for.. six years. His preparation of cases is most thorough and exhaustive; he seems almost intuitively to grasp the strong points of law and fact, while• in his briefs and arguments the authorities are cited so extensively and the facts and reasoning thereon are presented so cogently and unanswerably as to leave no doubt as to the correctness of his views or of his conclusion. _No detail seems to escape him; every case is given its due prominence and the case is argued with such skill, ability and power that he rarely fails to gain the verdict desired. In 1896 he was elected probate judge and filled the office so acceptably that he was re-elected in 1899. He is thoroughly familiar with the law, which comes into play in the probate court and his decisions have been strictly fair and impartial, winning him high commendation. On the 17th of July, 1867, judge Dean was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Cleaver, of Clinton county, Ohio, a daughter of James Cleaver, of Wilmington, Ohio. She died on the 1st of July, 1874, leaving one son, Walter P., who is now deputy probate judge of Greene county. On the 7th of June, 1888, Judge Dean was again married, his second union being with Mary Gaumer, a daughter of Jonathan and Mahala :Gaumer, of Muskingum county, Ohio. Three of her brothers are electors and in the family eight became teachers. Two have also been connected with the legislature, one is a member of the house and the other of the senate. Mr. and Mrs. Dean hold membership in the First United Presbyterian church of Xenia., as does his son. The 454 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Judge also belongs to the Union Veterans' Legion. and the Grand Army of the Republic. He is likewise a member of the Association of Ex-Soldiers and Sailors, of which he was one of 'the organizers and .has served as its president. He was a member of the Committee of One Hundred and did most effective work in the cause of temperance, especially at the time of the memorable election of 1902, when it was definitely decided that Xenia should be free from the curse of the saloon. His loyalty in citizenship is of the same kind that prompted his enlistment in the hour of his country's peril. At the bar he has achieved success through honorable efforts, untiring industry and capability and in private life. he has gained that warm personal regard which arises from kindness and geniality, deference for the opinions of others and from true nobility of character. A. H. BEAL. A fine farm of one hundred and twenty-five acres is the property of A. H. Beal and is located in Sugarcreek township, not far from Xenia. Mr. Beal was born in Caesarscreek township, May 2, 1837. His father, George Beal, was a native. of Pennsylvania and married Rachel Driscoll, who was born in this state and was of Irish lineage. With his parents the father came to Ohio in his boyhood and the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Beal was probably celebrated in Clark county, although they began their domestic life in Greene county, where all of their children were born. Throughout the years of his business career the father carried on agricultural pursuits. He reached the very advanced age of eighty-two years, passing away in 1875. He had had but a limited education in his youth' but he made the most of his opportunities and possessed that sterling honesty and worth of character which everywhere wins respect and confidence. He voted with the Democracy. In the family were thirteen children, one of whom died at the age of thirteen years, while five of the number are still living. A: H. Beal was the eleventh in order of birth and his youth was spent upon the home farm where, since old enough to handle the plow, he took his place in the fields assisting in the cultivation of various crops. In the winter months he managed to acquire a good education in the public schools. He worked for his father until he had received enough to purchase a small 'farm of eighty-eight acres adjoining the old homestead and then he was married, seeking as a companion and helpmate for the journey of life Miss Keziah Jane Ary, the wedding taking place on the 3oth of March, 1859. The lady resided near Paintersville, where she was born June 27, 1836, her parents being John and Margaret (Turner) Ary. Her father came to Ohio from Virginia. Her mother was of English descent and they were married in 'Greene county. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Beal they began their domestic life upon his farm which continued to be their home for six years, when he sold that property and purchased one hundred and sixty-six acres of land in Greene county. At different times he has purchased tracts of sixty, fifty-four, eleven and six acres, and in 189I he removed to his present farm. Here he is successfully carrying on agricultural pursuits; his fields are well tilled and all modern equipments are found upon his place, showing the owner to be a man of progressive ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF .GREENE COUNTY - 455 spirit, who follows modern methods in caring for his property. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Beal have been born seven children : Elias, who married Flora Hampton, is the assistant cashier in the bank at Bowersville. Samuel Lewis married Effie Black, who died, leaving four children. Emma became the wife of Samuel Hollingworth, who resides near Burlington, in Clinton county. Charles Elmer married Julia Darst, by whom he has four children, and their home is in Jefferson township. Melville F. married Della Compton and resides in the village 0f Spring Valley, and Clinton P. completes the family. Mr. Beal was reared a Democrat and yet endorses the party. His wife is a member of the Methodist Protestant church. They are widely known in Greene county as worthy representatives of agricultural interests and their sterling characteristics are such as to obtain for them the warm regard of all with whom they have been associated. JOHN A. HARNER John A. Harner, who is engaged in general fanning in Spring. Valley township, has a well improved tract of land four miles southwest of Xenia. He was born on the Little Miami river, near Bellbrook, August 31, 1836, his parents being John and Magdalena (Haines) Harner. His paternal grandparents were George and Sarah (Koogler) Hamer, and the former was born in Germany, whence he sailed for America when about fourteen years of age. He probably located first near Cincinnati and afterward removed to a place called Round Bottom, coming thence t0 Greene county at a very early date in the history of the development of this portion of the state. John Hamer was born in this county in 1805 and was familiar with the early progress and improvement. The forests stood in their primeval strength and little was done to reclaim the land for purposes of civilization, but as the years progressed the settlers wrought many changes here, laying broad and deep the foundation for the present development and prosperity of the county. John Harner acquired a fair common school education and served as captain 0f a militia in the days when mustering was in vogue. When quite young he was married, and in connection with his father-in-law he engaged in the operation of a mill and dis- tillery, conducting the business in Bellbrook. There they erected a flouring mill which they operated until about 1848, when Mr. Harner retired from the business and began farming upon rented land. At different times he rented various farms, for he was in limited circumstances and did not have the money with which to purchase land. He had ten children and the sons remained at home, all farming together. John A. Harner, whose name introduces this record, continued with his father until thirty-two years of age. His early life was one of toil but he formed habits of industry and economy, which have proven of value to him in his later career. He was married February 13, 1868, to Miss Eliza Lantz, who was born in the first courthouse in Greene county, near Harbine Mills, August 8, 1844. She was a daughter of John and Catherine (Rhoades) Lantz, who removed from Maryland to Greene county at an early day. In 1865 our subject and his brothers purchased two hundred and twenty-four acres of land, upon which John A. Harner 456 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. now resides, and after his marriage he took up his abode here. A small portion of the land had been cleared and a portion of the present house had been built, but Mr. Harner has since made two additions to the home. The first settler upon the place was William Hamilton, who sold the property to Robert Hamilton, from whom the Hamner brothers purchased it. Our subject has erected a good bank barn, forty-two by eighty feet, but he found this inadequate and built another one, thirty-six by sixty-eight feet. He has a hog pen, thirty-six by twenty-five feet, and all the necessary outbuildings for the shelter of grain and stock. About 1884 he and his brothers dissolved partnership, Mr. Harner purchasing the interests of the others in the farm .upon which he makes his home. Four children have been born unto our subject and his wife: Vinton L., who died in August, 1869; Maggie, who married Albert Thornhill, and resides in Xenia; John H., who married Hattie Stillings and is a farmer residing in Spring Valley township with his wife and one child, Horace Irving; and Jessie, at home. Mr. Hamer was reared a Whig and was only four years old at the time of the presidential election of 1840. He can remember William H. Harrison, who was then the candidate of the Whig party. In 1860 he voted for Lincoln and has since been a Republican, unswerving in his advocacy of the principles of the party. He had one brother, William P., who was a soldier of the Civil war. He belonged to Company F, One Hundred and Tenth Ohio Infantry, and laid down his life on the altar of his country at the battle near Spottsylvania Court House, his remains being interred in the soldiers' national cemetery near there. Mr. Harner is a self-made man. He had few advantages in youth but he possessed a resolute spirit, unfaltering purpose and strong determination. Steadily he has worked his way upward and to-day he is one of the prosperous farmers of Spring Valley township, having a very desirable property, which is the visible evidence of his life of industry. WILLIAM MARTIN BARBER. W. Martin Barber, a native of Greene county, was born May 6, 1820, in what was then Ross township, but is now Cedarville township, his parents being John and Sarah (Martin) Barber. The father was a native of Pennsylvania and at an early day came to Ohio, settling in what was then Ross township, Greene county. His father had purchased a large tract of land in this township and divided it among his sons. He, too, became a resident of the county, living here for many years, where he was eventually called to his final rest. John Barber served the country in the war of 1812 and throughout the greater part of his business career carried on agricultural pursuits. After the death of her husband Mrs. Barber removed to Cedarville, where she passed away at an advanced age. Both were loyal members of the Associate Reformed church, and in their family were eleven children, of whom. W. Martin was the second in order of birth. Only two of the number, however, are now living, the other being Esther, wife of James Townsley. W. Martin Barber obtained his education in an old log school-house in his native township and though his privileges in that direction were somewhat limited, his train- ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 457 ing at farm labor was not neglected. About 1841 he removed to Cedarville, where he engaged in the operation of a sawmill, continuing in that industry for many years. The mill was situated in the village and he engaged in its operation until about ten years ago, since which time he has lived a retired life, enjoying a well merited rest. In his business affairs he prospered as the result of his untiring activity, his enterprise and capable management. He also owns a farm of one hundred and fifty acres in Cedarville township, which he has managed for a number of years. Mr. Barber has been twice married. For his first wife he chose Nancy Townsley, their marriage being celebrated February 9, 1848. She was a daughter of Enos Townsley, a farmer and an early settler of Cedarville township. Her death occurred May 4, 1855, and four children were left to mourn her loss : Emmazetta is the wife of L. J. Bull, of Cedarville, and they have three children—Carl, Frank B. and Ralph. Mary J. is the wife of Charles M. Crouse, who is engaged in the hardware business in Cedarville. Henry M. is the superintendent of the straw department of the paper mill at this place and is a member of the building committee of the courthouse for this county. Nancy is the wife of James H. Andrew, a retired grocer, of Cedarville. For his second wife Mr. Barber chose Mary M. Mead, a native of Morgan county, Ohio, and a daughter of Holmes and Mary Ann Mead. Her father was born in Vermont and the mother's birth occurred in New' Jersey. Mr. Mead followed farming all his life. At an early day he came to Ohio and here became identified with agricultural pursuits. His last days, however, were spent in Kansas. The second marriage of Mr. Barber oc curred November 20, 1861, and by this union two children have been born : Carrie J. and Lulu. The latter is at hoarse and the former is now the wife of W. L. Marshall, who is engaged in the livery business in Xenia. They have four children : Harry, Arthur B., Mary L. and Alfred L. At the time of the Civil war Mr. Barber was made a member of the Volunteer Company of Xenia, was stationed at Fort Chase at the time of the Morgan raid, but was only on duty for a few days. In politics he was a Democrat during early life, but for the past ten years has voted the Reformed ticket. For several terms he served as a member of the council at Cedarville, and whatever tended to advance the welfare and upbuilding of the town has proved of interest to him and has elicited his co-operation. For over a half-century he has been a member of the United Presbyterian church and his life has been in constant harmony with its teachings and principles. Mr. Barber is now past the age of eighty-two years, and to him is tendered the veneration and respect which should ever be given to one of advanced years. His life has been characterized by industry, by perseverance, by loyalty in citizenship and trustworthiness in all relations, and therefore his example is one worthy of emulation, and one which should ever awaken respect. J. HOMER HAWKINS. Upon the farm which he now occupies in Xenia township J. Homer Hawkins was born on the loth of November, 1864, and here his entire life has been passed as a representative agriculturist of Greene county. 458 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. He is a son of James and Catherine (Cromwell) Hawkins and the father was also born on the farm occupied by our subject. The grandfather was Mounts Hawkins, and. at an early day the family lived in the Shenandoah valley of Virginia. Mounts Hawkins was an own cousin of David Crockett, the famous scout and explorer. Leaving Virginia he emigrated westward and became .one of the pioneer settlers of Greene county, Ohio. He engaged in farming in Xenia township and purchased the old home place, to which he added from time to time until he had one thousand acres, the greater part of which was originally covered with timber, but he cleared away the forest trees and developed a !very valuable farm. He wedded Mary Allen, a daughter of Davis and Elizabeth (Antrim) Allen, who were also from Virginia. It was in 1814 that the grandparents of our subject arrived in Greene county, and the thousand acres of land were purchased for five thousand dollars. Both Mounts Hawkins and his wife spent their remaining days in this county. Their son, James Hawkins, was reared .amid the wild scenes of the frontier and assisted in the arduous task of developing a, new farm from the wild forest land. Throughout the years of his business career he carried on agricultural pursuits, making his home upon the place where his birth occurred. He married Catherine Cromwell, a native of. Maryland and a daughter of Richard and Susan (McLaughlin) Cromwell, also natives of the same state. The father was a farmer and stock-raiser and followed those pursuits until his death, which occurred in Maryland; when he was forty-six years of age. He had served his country in .the war of 1812. For nearly ten years after the father's death the Cromwell family re mained in Maryland and then the mother brought her six children, of whom Mrs. Hawkins was one, to Greene county, Ohio. James Hawkins was a prosperous and progressive man and provided a good home for his family. He became a very extensive land owner and his realty holdings brought to him a good financial return by reason of the care and labor he bestowed upon the fields. He was a member of the First Reformed church of Xenia and served as one of its elders for many years. In politics he was a Democrat. His death occurred in December, 1882, when he was sixty-two years of age, and thus the community lost a valued and representative citizen and his family a devoted husband and father. His widow still survives him and yet resides upon the old home farm with the subject of this review. By her marriage she became the mother of nine children: Joseph C., who died in childhood; Mary Belle, at home; Carrie, also at home; Sallie C., who spends most of her time in Atlanta, Georgia; Mounts, who died in infancy; Flora, who died at the age of seventeen years; Frances C., the wife of L. F. Cramer, an insurance man of Osborn, Greene county; Ann Maria, who died in infancy ; and J. Homer. Of this family Frances C. was married in 1881 to L. F. Cramer, of Franklin county, Pennsylvania. Their children are: Winnefred, a student in Wittenberg College, of Springfield, Ohio; Ralph, a student in the high school of Osborn; Catherine, who is also taking the high school course; Joseph Carl, who died at the age of three years; and Marguerite, at home. J. Homer Hawkins pursued his early education in the public schools of Xenia and later became a student in Xenia College, after which he entered upon his business ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 459 career as a farmer and stock-raiser, having gained practical knowledge of the business during the days of his youth, when he was not occupied by his school work. He is engaged in the operation of two hundred acres of rich and valuable land, and the fields are Under a high state of cultivation. He is also a successful stock-raiser, making a specialty of short-horn cattle, Poland China hogs and Percheron horses. He takes a deep interest in everything tending to promote the welfare of the agricultural class and render their labors more effective and profitable, and is to-day the president of the Greene County Farmers' Institute. In November, ..1891, Mr. Hawkins was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Fisher, a daughter of Andrew. Fisher, a meat packer and dealer of Xenia. To them have been born two children : James, born March 7, 1894, and Edith: M., born April 27, 1899. In his political views Mr. Hawkins is a Democrat and has been a member of Xenia township board of education for the past seven or eight years, while for fourteen years he has been a deacon in the Reformed church, in which he holds membership. SAMUEL MOSES MALLOW. From pioneer times down to the present the Mallow family has been represented in Greene county and the name figures on the pages. of history in connection with agricultural interests and with many lines of progress and improvement, which have lead to the substantial upbuilding of this portion of the state. Mr. Mallow of this review is now residing in Caesarscreek township. He was born May 6, 1831, in what is now New Jas per township, his parents being George and Elizabeth ( Fudge) Mallow. 'The family is of German lineage but was founded at an early date on American shores. Both of the parents of our subject were natives of Virginia, the father having been born in Rockingham county. They were married in Warren county, Ohio, having taken up their abode in this portion of the state during its primitive, development. After their mar- riage they lived, in New Jasper township, where they spent their remaining days, the father passing away in 1861 at the age of seventy-one years, while the mother's death occurred in 1865, their remains being interred in Boots cemetery of New Jasper township. Mr. Mallow was a Whig in his political views and both he and his wife were consistent members of the Lutheran church. They had six children but only two are now living, Henry M., the youngest of the family, being a resident of Warren, Indiana. Samuel M. Mallow, of this review, was the fifth in order of birth. He is indebted to the common school system of New Jas. per township for the educational privileges which he enjoyed in early youth. At first he attended school throughout all sessions, but in later years, when he was old enough to assist in the work of the farm, he pursued his studies only through the winter months, and when nineteen years of age put aside his text books. He continued on the old family homestead until November 6, 1851, on which date was celebrated his marriage to Miss Amy H. Adsit, who was of English lineage. She was born in Dutchess county, New York, as were her parents, Hiram and Susan (Butts) Adsit, the former born June 4, 1807, and the latter on the 19th of August of the same year. Their mar- 460 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. riage was there celebrated December 3, 1829, and in 1833 they emigrated westward, Mrs. Mallow being at that time only ten months old. They first settled in Spring Valley township but after a short time Mr. Aclsit purchased about one hundred acres of land, constituting the farm upon which our subject now resides. From this tract he cleared the heavy timber and continued the work of improvement and cultivation until his death, which occurred September 2, 1847, when he Was forty years of age. His wife long survived him and passed away in 1896 in her ninetieth year. He was buried in the Baptist cemetery of Caesarscreek township and his wife in the cemetery in Xenia.. She was a member of the Reformed church and by her marriage had become the mother of four children, of whom three are now living: Daniel B., who resides in Warren, Indiana; Silas, of Jamestown, Ohio; and Mrs. Mallow. After his marriage Samuel M. Mallow rented land for two years and then with the money which. he had acquired through his own efforts he purchased his present farm, which has been his home continuously since. He has one hundred and sixty acres of land which is under a high: state of cultivation. He built the dwelling and barns upon the place and has made other substantial improvements, which indicates his progressive spirit and 'his enterprise. His farm work has been to him! a profitable source of income and he certainly deserves great credit for what he has accomplished. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Mallow has been blessed with two children. George Fudge, the elder, married Josephine Smith and resides in Xenia. township. They have one child, Opal. Susan is the wife of Charles McKay. of Clinton county, and they have three children, Bernard, Amy C. and Lena M. Mrs. Mallow belongs to the Reformed church and is a most estimable lady. To the men and ,measures of the Republican party Mr. Mallow gives his support and has held the office of trustee in Caesarscreek township. He has good business ability, is prudent and earnest, and owes his success not. to genius but to the clue exercise of his own good judgment. HON. JOSEPH B. CUMMINGS. Joseph B. Cummings is one Of the distinguished and honored residents of Greene county, having gained prominence in political as well as in business. circles. He stands to-day a strong man, strong in his honor and his good name, and his value to the community by what he has clone in behalf of the county is widely recognized. His birth occurred May 31, 1841, on a farm in .Caesarscreek townships, where he now resides. His father, Thomas B. Cummings, was born in Bucks county., Pennsylvania, February 6, 1814, and there spent the clays of his boyhood and youth, coming to the west when twenty-two years of age. He engaged in teaching in his native county in early life, but believing that he would have better business opportunities in the new and growing west he walked from Philadelphia to Pittsburg and then proceeded by boat to Cincinnati, arriving at that place with only fifty cents in his pocket. He then made his way into the interior of the state and formed the acquaintance of a man who proved to be Mr. Weaver, of Greene county, and a neighbor of David Marshall, an uncle of Mr. Cummings. The latter accompanied Mr. Weaver .to Greene county, and after a ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 463 few days accepted a position as teacher of a school. He taught about twenty Years. in Caesarscreek township, in the meantime having purchased a farm of fifty-five acres, of which only about two acres had been cleared, while a log cabin constituted the only im provement upon the place. Mr. Cummings continued clearing his land while engaged in teaching. At length, he abandoned that profession and by industry and perseverance and capable management became the owner of a very valuable farm, extending its borders from time to time by additional purchases until by the close of the war he was the owner of five hundred acres of valuable land. He gave a. part of this to his children, also sold a portion of it., but at the time of his death retained possession of two hundred and forty-two acres. .Mr. Cummings was twice married. He first wedded Mary E. Boots, who died on the 1st of October, 1861. She was .a descendant of the Peterson family of Caesarscreek township. By that marriage there were eight children : Mary, who died at the age of sixteen years; Joseph B.,; Sarah J., the wife of William Conklin, of Xenia; James M., who is a resident of Indiana, and Who served in Company A., Second Ohio Light Artillery in the Civil war ; Thomas Jefferson, who served in Company E, .Second Ohio Heavy Artillery, being on Ship Island during his„ entire service,, and is now decreased; Martha, the wife of Henry C. Long, of Jasper township; and Ada, who died at the age of three years. After the death of his first wife the father was married on the 11th of September, 1862, his second union being with Miss Mary E. McNair, who still survives him and is living with John Cummings. The mother of our subject was a consistent member of the. Methodist Episcopal. church, but the father and his second wife belonged to the Reformed church. He served as a justice of the peace and took a very active part in politics, upholding the principles of the Republican party. His death occurred November 22, 1895; at the age of eighty-one years and after almost a half century's residence in Greene county. Joseph B. Cummings, whose name introduces this review, obtained his education in the district schools near his home and remained under the parental roof until twenty years of age, when he enlisted at Dayton,. Ohio, September 22, 1861 , in response to President Lincoln's call for aid in preserving the Union. He was mustered in on the 28th of the same month as a private of Company E, First Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the battles of Shiloh, Perryville, Stone River, Liberty Gap,. Chickamauga and minor engagements. At Chickamauga on the 19th of September, 1863, he was wounded in both hands and the left lung. The regiment was in the very thickest of the fight, and, having sustained these injuries, Mr. Cummings was sent to the hospital at Chattanooga and afterward to Nashville, Tennessee. In May he was ordered to Washington, D. C., and there was made first sergeant of Company H, Nineteenth 'Regiment of the Veteran Reserve Corps. He was stationed at Rochester, New York, during the famous draft riots in that state, and in that state was honorably discharged October 15, 1864. Mr. Cummings at once returned to his home and on the 14th of February, 1865, he was united in marriage to Miss Ann Humston, a daughter of H. G. and Elizabeth (Ford) Humston, both of whom are now deceased. Three children have graced this 464 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. marriage : Wary, born September 26, 1867, is .an instructor in Greek and occupies the chair of modern languages in the Tusculum College, in Tennessee. She was educated in the Xenia Female Seminary and in Antioch College. Ina, born October 9, 1870, is the deceased wife of T. O. Mason, of Xenia, and left one son, Joe. Thomas, born July 26, 1876, married Mamie M. Wise, and they reside with his father. They .lost one child, Marie, but have two sons, .Donald and Floyd. Mr. and Mrs. Cummings hold membership in the Reformed church, and he maintains relations with his old army comrades through his membership in Lewis Post, G. A. R. He is also identified with the Union National Legion. in politics he is a very. prominent Republican and is recognized as a leader of public thought and action in his district.' He was elected township clerk, in which position he served for six years, was land appraiser and for twelve years was justice of the peace. In 1894 he was chosen to represent his district in the state legislature, where he proved an active working member. He served on a number of important committees, including the commit--tees on county affairs, the military, Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphan Home, and of the last named he was chairman. In 1895 he was re-elected and his course was such as reflected credit upon his constituents, for he labored earnestly and indefatigablv for the welfare of those whom he represented. His life has been devoted to his family and his friends, his business and to the support of those principles which he believed to be right. His unswerving purpose, his unquestioned fidelity, his unfaltering honesty and his unchanging way have commanded the highest respect of all. He has been a leader in the cause of liberty, of freedom and of progress and his hearty cooperation has ever been given to that which tends to elevate mankind. JAMES COLLINS GALLOWAY. The name Galloway is closely associated with the history of Xenia and Grcene county. The pioneers of the Greene county branch of this family came from Lexington, Kentucky, in 1797, and settled upon the banks of the Little Miami river about four Miles north of Xenia, near Old Chillicothe, now Oldtown. This family is of Scotch origin and they are known to have lived in the southwest part of Scotland, in. the district composed of .Wigton and -Kirkcudbright of to-day. During the era of the persecution of the Christians in Scotland they migrated across the Irish sea and settled in County Antrim, Ireland. This is known as the Galloway 'district and it was from this place that the family of seven brothers—George, Samuel, John, William, James, Peter and Thomas,—yearning for civil and religious liberty, set sail for the new world. They made a, settlement in the province of Pennsylvania early in the eighteenth century near the famous spring of the noted Indian chief Logan, in what is now Cumberland county. George Galloway, one of these brothers, was born in Scotland about 1700, emigrated to Ireland to avoid religious persecution, coming thence to America and founding a branch of the family in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. He married Rebekah Junkin, a native of Scotland, and died August .3, 1783. In their family were five sons and four 'daughters : William, Joseph, John, ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 465 Samuel, James, Jane, Margaret, Martha add Sarah. Of this number James Galloway was a Revolutionary soldier and pensioner. He was born May 1, 1750, and married Rebekah Junkie, who was born October 2, 1759. They were residents of Greene county, Ohio, at its organization, having settled near Old Chillicothe (now Oldtown) in 1797. The former died near Xenia, August 6, 1838, and the latter August 31, 1812, their remains being interred in Massies Creek burying ground, four miles east of Xenia. In their family were eight sons and two daughters : George, James, Joseph, William, Samuel, Andrew, Anthony, John, Rebecca and Ann. Rebecca became the: wife of George Galloway and they were the parents of James Collins Galloway. George Galloway was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, June 4, 1784, and was the son of Joseph Galloway. His brothers and sisters were John, William, Jane, Isabel, Joseph, Jr., James, Sophia, Ann Agnes and Elizabeth. He married Rebecca Galloway, who was born near Lexington, Kentucky, October 7, 1791, and died February 25, 1876, at Xenia, Ohio. Her husband, George Galloway, died at the same place January 29, 1857. Their children were James Collins, Madison, William, Ann, Martha and Eleanor. James Collins Galloway was born in Xenia. township, Greene: county, Ohio, June 30, 1817. He was a man of broad mind and liberal education for the period in which he lived. He was closely associated with the educational interests of the county, and the common school system was materially promoted through his efforts. He was a strong abolitionist, an earnest Christian and organized the first Sabbath school for freedmen in the county. In politics he was a Whig in early life, and when the Republican party was formed to prevent the further extension of slavery he joined its ranks. In religion he was a Seceder and later a Presbyterian. On the 18th of November, 1841, James Collins Galloway and Mary Ann Kendall were married by Rev. James R. Bonnar. She was born in Xenia, township, May 12, 1822, and was a daughter of William and Eleanor ( Jackson) Kendall. Her father was born at Stoney Creek, Kentucky, in 1795, and was a son of Robert and Nancy (Wilson) Kendall. Robert Kendall was born October 12,, 1752, and died on the 12th of October, 1843. His wife,. who was born in 1770, died February 18, 1852. Their children were William, John, James, Francis, Milton, Newton, Martha, Ann, Isabel and Nancy. Of this family William Kendall died near Xenia, August 6, 1879. He had married Eleanor Jackson, a daughter of Robert Jackson, a granddaughter of . David Jackson and a great-granddaughter of Dr. Joseph, Jackson. The last named was born in County Antrim, Ireland, in 1690, and about 1762 emigrated to America, his children having preceded him. Of his large family Hugh, Robert and David were full brothers, while Andrew, a half brother, was the father of Andrew Jackson, who became president of the United States in 1829. Dr. Jackson died in 1768. His son, David Jackson, was born in Ireland in 1730, wa.s a soldier of the Revolutionary war and lost one of his hands in the battle of Trenton on Christmas day, 1776. He died in 1811. The third child born unto him and his wife Elizabeth was Robert Jackson, the father Of Mrs. William Kendall. He was born at Newtown, Limavady, County Derry, 'Ireland, in 1758. He had two brothers and 466 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. one sister : Hugh,. James and Mary. Robert Jackson came to America with his father and his family in 1762 and in 1786 was married to Elizabeth McCorkle, a beautiful girl and the daughter of a Revolutionary soldier killed in battle. She was born in Scotland and had two brothers, one of whom was killed in the Revolutionary war and the other was killed by accident. Both Robert and Elizabeth (McCorkle) Jackson spent their last days in Greene county, Ohio, and were buried in Massies Creek burying ground. He died September 26, 1828. There were two sons and eight daughters in their family : David, Robert, Margaret, Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Rachel, Martha, Nancy and Eleanor. Of this family Eleanor Jackson became the wife of William Kendall. She was born in Jefferson county, Ohio, March 15, 1800, and died June 6, 1888, near Xenia. Their children were Robert, Clark, Henry, Mary Ann, Eliza and Caroline. Mary Ann became the wife of James Collins Galloway. He died in Xenia., November 28, 1899, and his wife died in the same city, September t0, 1892. They were the parents of four children, all yet living: Clark Madison, born April 20, 1843 ; Alethia Ellen, March 27, 1846; Rebecca Alice, December 28, 1851; and William Albert, April 8, 1860, all born in Xenia township. Clark Madison Galloway, M. D., A. M., enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for one hundred days' service in the spring of 1864', and during that term was in West Virginia. He afterward re-enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Eighty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and took part in the battle pf Nashville where Hood's veteran army was destroyed by, General Thomas. He was present when Johnston surrendered to General Sherman at Raleigh, North Carolina. At the close of the war he was mustered out of service and returned home. His preliminary education had been acquired in the public schools and in 1866 he continued his education as a student at Xenia College. In 1869 he entered Miami University, in which he was graduated in 1871, after which he began teaching, being professor in Greek, Latin and mathematics in Xenia College. For four years he was one of the instructors in that institution and during the summer months he also taught in its summer normals. In 1875 he entered the Medical College of Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1877. He then located for the practice of medicine and surgery in Xenia and is now associated with is brother, Dr. W. A. Galloway. He took a special course at Jefferson Medical College,. Philadelphia, in 1879. He is now and for ten years has been secretary of the Xenia board of United States pension surgeons; was coroner of Greene county for eight years; a member of the board of education of Xenia for twelve years; was physician and surgeon to the Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Home in Xenia from 1888 until 1891 ; and is assistant surgeon of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railr0ad Company; was a member of the board of health for two years; and for a similar period represented the first ward in the city council of Xenia. In 1891-2 he was medical director of the Department of Ohio, Grand Army of the Republic, and is a member of Lewis Post, No. 347, G. A. R., and Nathaniel Greene Chapter, S. A. R. In religious faith he is a Presbyterian and in political belief a Republican. Fraternally he is connected with the Masonic Lodge of Xenia, No. 49, and in the line of his profes- ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 467 sion is a member of the Greene County and Ohio' State Medical Societies. Alethia Ellen Galloway is a graduate of and received her degree of M. E. L. from-Xenia College in 1864. In the same year she Was married by the Rev. R. D. Harper, D. D., to William J. ,Parrett, of Lyndon, Ross county, Ohio. They have two children living: Carrie Dell, who was educated in Wooster , University; and Clark Sher--man, who was graduated in the same institution in 1897 and was married January 23, 1902, in Springfield, Ohio, to Sylvia Jones. Rebecca Alice Galloway is a graduate of Xenia College of the class of 1873, at which time the degree of M. L. L. was conferred upon her. She taught for one year in the Osborn public schools; two years in Xenia College; attended Antioch College for one year; taught for two years in the, public schools of Yellow Springs; and from 1888 to 1896 in the public schools of Xenia. She is a past regent of Catharine Greene Chapter,. D. :A. R.; a member of. the Woman's Club of Xenia; is Ohio Federation secretary of the General Federation of Woman's Clubs; and a member of the Xenia Library Association. On the 6th of February, 1896, she became the wife of Henry Harrison Eavey, the marriage being performed by Rex. J. C. Ely. William Albert Galloway, B. S., M. D., was educated in Antioch College, being graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science. On his graduation from the Medical College of Ohio, in March, 189o, he became associated with his brother, Dr. Clark M. Galloway, and has practiced continuously to this date. He was married April 2, 1891, in Newark, Ohio, by Rev. E. B.. Jones, to Maude Evelyn, only daughter of William C. and Evelyn (Spitzer) Lyon. Her father was lieutenant governor of Ohio from 1888 to 1890. Three children have been born to them: Evelyn Helen, born February 8, 1893; William. Lyon, born March 29, 1895; and Elizabeth Mary, born May 21, 1902. Dr. W. A. Galloway was appointed a member of the State Normal and Industrial board of trustees at Wilberforce University by Governor Bushnell in 1896, and has been president of the board continuously since. He belongs to Xenia Lodge, No. 49. F. & A. M.; is corresponding secretary of Nathaniel Greene Chapter, S. A. R.; vice president of the Ohio Society, S. A. R.; and in his church relations is a Presbyterian. From .1899 to 1902 he was physician to the Greene County Infirmary and Children's Home; is surgeon to the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad; is a member of the Greene County, Ohio State and Mississippi Valley Medical Associations; and is a frequent contributor to medical and other journals. OTTO A. WILSON. Otto A. Wilson,. who is now living in Fairfield, is well known in Democratic circles in Greene county, taking a deep and active interest in everything pertaining to the welfare and upbuilding of his party. He is now serving in the position of township clerk. He was born in the village of Fairfield, August 7, 1867, and is a son of William W. and Sarah ('Greiner) Wilson. His paternal grandfather, William Henry Wilson, was a native of Ireland and emigrated with his family to the new world, after which he served as ensign of the Fifth Company of the Seventy-fourth Regiment of the Militia of Pennsyl- 468 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. vania, being appointed to the position in 1811, the commission being signed by Governor. Simon Snyder. This document still in the possession of our subject. Mr. Wilson also has a commission in his possession signed by President James Monroe, appointing William H. Wilson as the first surveyor of Clark county, Ohio. In 1816 the grandfather purchased a tract of land bordering for one hundred feet on Market street, in Springfield, Ohio, and this was in possession of the family for over eighty years, being sold but a short time ago. He died while yet a young man, passing away in 1823.. His remains were interred in Springfield, Ohio, but later were transferred to the family lot in Fairfield. He was the father of three children : Mrs. Emily Smith, who died in Fairfield in 1889; Catherine, who became Mrs. Bressler, of Fairfield, and died in July, 1890; and William W., the father of our subject. The mother of these children passed away in 1868. William W. Wilson was born in Springfield, Ohio, July 20, 1823, and pursued his education in the public schools there until he was twelve years of age, when he went to Bath township, Greene county, to live with Arthur Johnson, and in that locality he completed his education. In 1846 he began to learn the cabinet-maker's trade, in Dayton, Ohio. He would walk to Dayton on Monday morning and return on Saturday evening, making the journey on foot each way, a distance of fifteen miles. After he had completed his trade he returned to Fairfield, where he opened an undertaking establishment and cabinet shop, continuing business along those lines until the close of the Civil war. He then entered into partnership with D. K. Wolf, under the firm name of Wilson .& Wolf, and opened a general store in Fairfield, but the partnership continued only a short time, Mr. Wilson becoming sole owner of the business which he conducted successfully until a few years prior to his death, when on account of ill health he sold out. He started in life with no capital and by hard, earnest, honest work he accumulated considerable property and became a wealthy man. At the time of his death he owned a house and lot in Fairfield,. where he lived, a farm in Bath township, Greene county, another farm in Clark county and a business block and a house and lot in Springfield, Ohio, all having been acquired from his own earnest exertions. In politics he was a lifelong Democrat, and served as township trustee for a number of years, while for a few years he was justice of the peace, proving a capable and efficient officer. His wife was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and he was a regular attendant upon its services until his health failed. Mrs. Wilson was ill for about eighteen months prior to her death. During the last six months she was unable to leave her bed. She passed away November 6, 1901, at the age of sixty-seven years, and was laid to rest by the side of her husband in Fairfield cemetery. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wilson were born two children, the daughter being Cornelia, the wife of F. D. Johnson, a resident of Cheyenne, Wyoming. in the United States mail service. Otto A. Wilson, of this review, pursued his education in the schools of Fairfield and acquired a teacher's certificate, but never engaged in teaching. He always lived with his father and assisted him in his work and after his father's health failed assumed the management of the business. He is, however, a painter by trade and followed that pursuit for a number of years, working in ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 469 some of the western cities. For a time he was employed in the shipyards at Seattle, Washington. On the 27th of September, 1894, Mr. Wilson was united in marriage to Miss Cora Miller, a native of Bath township, and a daughter of Jacob and Catherine Miller. In his political views Mr. Wilson is a stanch Democrat, and in 1895 was elected on that ticket to the office of township clerk, in which capacity he is still serving. During the campaign of 1896 and those succeeding he has been a member of the central and executive committees, and has served as clerk of both committees. He has also for several times'been a delegate to the county and state conventions and is unswerving in his allegiance to the party. His wife is a member of the Reformed church, while he belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. They have one of the finest homes in Fairfield. It is heated by hot water, is modern in every respect and was built in an attractive style of architecture, Mr. Wilson himself drawing the plans for the place. He also owns a farm of one hundred and sixty-five acres of very valuable land in Bath township and this brings to him a good rental, adding materially to his income. Mr. Wilson has spent his entire life in this locality and is widely known as a gentleman of genuine worth, of reliability in business and one whose genial manner and social disposition has gained him many friends. JOHN R. SMITH. A farm of one hundred and fifty acres situated in Sugarcreek township is the property of John Riley Smith, a well known agri culturist of Greene county, who throughout his entire life has engaged in the tilling of the soil in this portion of the state. His birth occurred about four miles from Xenia on his father's farm on the Columbus pike at' what is called East Point, in a stone house which is still occupied as a residence. His natal day was November 18, 1839, and he is a son of John G. and Sophronia (McFarland) Smith. The father was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, and when only two years old was brought by his parents to Ohio, the family making the journey on horseback and bringing with them their farming utensils. Mr. Smith was born on Christmas day in 1810 and the year 1812 witnessed their emigration westward. The family settled at Cedarville but at a later date returned to Maryland. When two years had passed, however, they came once more to Ohio. The grandfather, Jonathan Smith, owned a small farm of ten acres on which he made his home until his death, which occurred about 1845 when our subject was six years of age. His wife, Mrs. Barbara Smith, lived to -a very advanced age. John G. Smith, the father of our subject, spent the greater part of his youth in this county amid its frontier surroundings and scenes and assisted in the arduous task of developing a new farm., After arriving at years of maturity he married Sophronia McFarland, who was born in this county, her parents being Arthur and Martha (Claypool) McFarland. The young couple then began their domestic life upon a farm which Mr. Smith rented. They became the parents of nine children, of whom our subject was the third in order of birth. Four of the number are still living, they others being Jonathan M., George McHenry and Howard Scott, all residents of Madison 470 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. county, Ohio. The father departed this life when about seventy years of age. Only very limited educational privileges did John R. Smith receive on account of ill health. He remained at home until about twenty-two years of age and then began to earn his own livelihood. For two years he rented land and in 1880 he purchased his present farm, comprising about one 'hundred and fifty acres: This he has improved with modern equipments -and accessories and its neat and thrifty appearance indicates to the passerby the enterprise and progressiveness of the owner. On the 1st of February, 1877, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Smith and Miss Henrietta Maria Bonner, who was born in Xenia township, Greene county, March 1, 1840, a daughter of Stith and Maria (Mercer) Bonner. Her father was born in Din: widdie county, Virginia, in 1791, and the Mother in Hamilton' county, in 1800. Both had come to Greene county in childhood and were here married. The paternal grandfather, Frederick Bonner, arrived here in 1803 before the admission of the state into the Union. He purchased a large tract of land just south of Xenia where the Orphans' Home now stands. One of his grandsons, William F. Pelham, donated twenty-five acres of this land to the Soldiers' Home. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Smith Was Edward Mercer, who built the first brick house ever erected in Greene county. It stood on the farm owned by Robert Mendenhall. Mrs. Smith began her education in a log school-house and later spent a year and a half as a student in the Xenia. Seminary. By her marriage she has become the mother of one son, Jesse Clyde, who was born on the borne farm, March 9, 1880. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Methodist Episcopal congregation at Gladys Chapel, and since casting his first presidential vote for Lincoln in 1864 Mr. Smith has been a Republican. Since 1866 he has been identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Xenia, and his life exemplifies the beneficent spirit of that fraternity which is based upon mutual helpfulness. JAMES E. GALLOWAY. There is particular satisfaction in reverting to the life history of the honored and venerable gentleman whose name initiates this review, since his mind bears the impress of the historic annals of the state of Ohio from the early pioneer clays, and from the fact that he has been a loyal son of the republic and has attained to a position of distinctive prominence in the thriving little city where he was born and where he has maintained his residence during the greater part of his life, being one of the revered patriarchs of the community. He, however, spent a quarter of a century upon the Pacific coast during the most interesting epoch in its history,—that following-, the discovery of gold in California. No family has been more closely or honorably connected with Greene county than the Galloway family, which, through more than a century, has been identified with the improvement, progress and upbuilding of this portion of the state. James E. Galloway was born in what is now the very heart of Xenia, January 3, 1825. His father, James Galloway, came to this county in 1797, being one of the first settlers to establish a home here. Ohio then formed a part of the Northwestern Territory and had not yet been admitted to the union ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY - 473 of the new republic. The grandfather was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and was of Scotch-Irish descent, his ancestors having come to this country from the north of the Emerald Isle. He loyally served as a soldier. under General Washington in the Revolutionary war. He was an expert shot and was designated to engage in hunting in order to supply the regiment with meat. He served for several years, participating in many battles, yet was never wounded. Emigrating westward to establish a home upon what was then the frontier, he first took up his abode in Kentucky and participated in the battle at Blue Lick. In 1797 he came to Greene county, and was probably the most influential resident of the county at an early date. He served as the first county treasurer, and his influence was most marked in laying the foundation for the future development and prosperity of this portion of Ohio. He became a prosperous agriculturist and remained a resident of Xenia township until, his death, which Occurred in 1838, when he was eighty-eight years of age. The father of our subject also bore the name of James Galloway. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, and after arriving at years of maturity married Martha Towns-ley, a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. They became the parents of ten children, but our subject is now the only surviving member of the family. Further mention is made of the parents in the historical section of this volume. James E. Galloway, whose name introduces this record, acquired his early education in Xenia in a private school taught by Thomas Steele. He afterward pursued a classical course in a school taught by the Rev. Hugh McMillan, a minister of the Covenanter church, who was very thorough in his methods of instruction, and in addition to the common branches of learning taught the languages. Later Mr. Galloway entered Miami University at Oxford, Ohio, where he was graduated in 1844, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. On completing his education he went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he secured a clerkship in a wholesale dry-goods house, serving in that capacity for five years, but the discovery of gold in California changed his plans and in the spring of 1849 he started for the El Dorado of the west, going up the Missouri river to St. Joseph, whence he drove a six-mule team across the plains. At first there were five wagons and seven men in the train, but later the strength of the party was augmented until there were eighteen men, who traveled together for protection. The original party of seven had purchased a stock of goods which they intended to take to California, but at Salt Lake City their mules gave out and so they auctioned off their goods until they had but a small remnant left. That they sold to Bishop Hyde, taking notes payable in three or four months. Mr. Galloway and another man called on Brigham Young with the notes and sold them to him with a thirty per cent discount. At that time most Of the Mormons were living in wagons, for they had not yet built homes in the city afterward to become famous as a Mormon stronghold. At this place Mr. Galloway saw California gold for the first ime. He took in payment a five-dollar gold piece which the Mormons had minted, worth about four dollars and a quarter. After four months of travel across the hot sandy stretches and through mountain passes he and his party arrived 474 - ROBINSON'S HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. in California on the 14th of September, 1849. While en route they had seen Indians several times, but were not molested save at Grand Island, where the red men stole a mule from the party. There were over a thousand Sioux Indians who passed their camp on their way back from a fight with the Pawnees. After arriving in California Mr. Galloway and another man opened an auction house in Sacramento, there conducting business for two years, selling sometimes in twenty or thirty minutes several thousand dollars' worth of horses, mules and oxen. They did a general auction business at Sacramento, which place was then called Suter's Fort. After two years Mr. Galloway went to Marysville, where he remained for ten years, establishing a wholesale. grocery and general mercantile business, selling to the mountain merchants who had their places of business on the streams, where mining camps had been established. In 1860, however, our subject sold his store and went to San Francisco, where for a number of years he engaged in the brokerage business, handling mining stocks of all kinds. He continued this until 1866, when, after seventeen years' residence in California, he went to Montana, making his way in June of that year by steamship to Portland, Oregon, whence he proceeded up the Columbia river to Walla Walla, Washington, and from there proceeded across the mountains with three others on pack horses and mules, carrying provisions, and crossing two spurs of the Rocky Mountains. 'After about a month's travel he arrived in Montana, landing at Bear Town, then a mining camp. When he had been in the territory about three months he was nominated for the legislature and although not eligible to run, a lawyer there told him to go ahead, as the only copy of the organic act in the territory was in the pocket of a judge one hundred and fifty miles away. Mr. Galloway was nominated by the "self-risers," as the old Californians were known, and his opponent was a "tenderfoot." Mr. Galloway ran far ahead of his ticket and was elected. While traveling to the convention, fifty miles away, he stopped at a house for supper and was told that he might stay all night, but for two years he had not slept in a bed and, instead of accepting the offer, he and his companion went out doors and slept on a straw stack. After being elected Mr. Galloway removed to Helena, for he, was prospecting in that locality at the time. The legislature met at Virginia City and to that place he went by stage coach. There were twenty-five members of the house and thirteen members of the council and it was to the latter body—corresponding to the state senate of to-day—that Mr. Galloway was elected. His district covered a territory about forty miles wide and one hundred and forty miles long. When the members of the legislature reached Virginia City there were no boarding places and with several others he had to sleep on the floor of the bar-room covered up with his blanket. Later he and others slept on the floor of the council chamber, and in the morning they would slip their blankets under the benches occupied by the spectators. Mr. Galloway remained in Montana for about four years, prospecting part of the time. He afterward went into a wholesale commission house at Helena as a clerk, and during that time drew the largest salary of any man in the state, having full charge of the business. He was offered a partnership, but declined., as he desired to