500 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. County and worked the estate of his father on shares. He continued in this way for eight years, and in 1870 went on a visit to Kansas, where he remained for a month. At the expiration of that time he was quite ready to return home, and again taking charge of the farm, superintended its operation until the fall of 1876, when he married and established a home of his own. The lady whom Mr. Schweitzer chose as his life companion was Miss Margaret Keast, 'and to them have been born six children, four girls and two boys, viz.: Pearle, Zella, Charley, Nettie, Jesse and Mary, all of whom are living. Mrs. Schweitzer, whose birth occurred in Coshocton County, on the 3d of August, 1854, was the daughter of John and Elizabeth (Thretewie) Keast. Her father was born in Truro, England, July 5; 1816, and died in 1888, when seventy-two years old. He was the son of Edward and Mary Keast, also natives of the British Isles, where the mother died. The father came to America in 1870, and made his home here until his decease. Elizabeth Keast was born in England to John and Mary Thretewie, and died in 1862, at the age of thirty-six years. Her parents spent the latter years of their life in Australia, where they became very wealthy. The parents of Mrs. Schweitzer were married in England, and reared a family of eight daughters and. two sons, of whom Mary J. became the wife of Daniel Dussenberry, a farmer of Wheeling Township, this county; Martha married William Van Sickle, also a farmer of this township; Julia is now Mrs. Peter Hamersley, engaged in farming in Coshocton County; Edward is deceased; Sarah is the wife of John Little; Hester married Jasper Umstott, whose sketch the reader will find on another page in this work; Harriet is the wife of Samuel Mercer, Secretary of the Building and Loan Association of Indianapolis, Ind.; Susan is now Mrs. Thomas Schweitzer, and makes her home in this township; and John, Jr., is a telegraph operator in Flushing, Ohio. The father of our subject was an honored member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which denomination he contributed liberally. He was a Republican after the formation of the party, and the incorruptible integrity of his character, and his many tine qualities of head and heart, placed him high in the regard of his fellow-citizens. When beginning life as a benedict, our subject rented land one.year in Coshocton County, after which he purchased a farm in the same county, and resided on it for a period of eleven years. At the end of that time we find him living on his present estate, which comprises a quarter-section of fertile farming land, through which runs a stream of living water. He erected a large and comfortable residence in 1893, and is prepared to spend the rest of,his life in ease and comfort. In politics he is independent, always casting his vote for the best man, regardless of party principles. OSCAR E. HUNT, a well known contractor and builder of Uhrichsville, Ohio, is a native of Belmont County, this state, his birthplace being Barnesville, and the date of his birth April 9, 1845. 'He is a son of William B. and Julia Ann Mott (Fletcher) Hunt, natives of Virginia, but of English origin. William B. Hunt was a tailor by trade, and a minister of the Church of Christ (Disciples). He resides in Hopedale, Harrison County. Emigrating from Virginia to Ohio in 1840, he settled in Barnesville, where the present generation was born. Our subject received a common-school education in his native county, and afterward attended for four years the McNeely Normal, at Hopedale, Ohio. On completing his education he served a three-years apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, at which he worked until 1862, when he responded to his country's call and enlisted in Company B, Thirtieth Ohio Infantry. After serving for twenty-three months he was honorably discharged, on accountof disability. During his service he partic- ipated in five hard-fought battles, of which Antietam was one, and also in many skirmishes. On returning home from the war, Mr. Hunt again took up his trade, at, which he worked until PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 501 1872, when he came to Uhrichsville, and was employed as foreman in the planing-mills of George W. Dawson, which were afterward owned by Everett & Johnson. His residence in Uhrichsville has been a success in a business point of view, and he is esteemed by all on account of his sterling worth. In 1865 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hunt and Amelia, daughter of John and Catherine (Deems) Hunt. The lady is of English descent and a native of Ohio. To this union have been born the following children: Cora L., Dallas II., Julia Lena, Orville, Frank W., Anna and William. Mrs. Hunt is a member of the Christian Church. Politically Mr. Hunt is a stalwart and stanch Republican. He is a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias, and has been through. all the chairs. This year (1894) he is Commander of the Grand Army of the Republic post at Uhrichsville. DANIEL W. BENDER, whose home has been for years in Lawrence Township, is a descendant of a pioneer family who assisted in laying the foundations of the prosperity and wealth which Tuscarawas County now enjoys. The farm which he owns and operates is a valu- able one, situated only two miles southwest of Bolivar, on the Strasburg road. There are few citizens of this vicinity who are more sincerely respected and well thought of by friends aind neighbors than our subject. His earnest aim in life has always been to advance the public good and to promote all measures beneficial to the locality in which be dwells. Mr. Bender's paternal grandfather was born in Franklin County, Pa., before the close of the last century. There he grew to manhood, and death called him from his labors when he was about sixty-seven years of age. The maternal grandfather, Jacob Mack, was a native of Ireland, who settled in 24 York, Pa., prior to the War of the Revolution, and served faithfully on the side of the Colonists during that struggle. He was wounded in the hand, and suffered during the remainder of his life from the effects of this injury. his son, John Mack, was born in Little York, Pa., there married Elizabeth Smith, and became the father of six children. They removed to Ohio and located two miles and a-half southwest of Bolivar in 1817, being the ninth family to permanently settle in Lawrence Township. A brother, George Mack, had preceded them and built a house in the virgin forest, which was afterwards cleared for farming. 'This place has been for years the home of J. C. Zuterwaus. Subsequently the family of John Mack removed to Kosciusko County, Ind., where his death occurred. He had ten children, of whom our subject's mother, born December 18, 1820, was the ninth in order of birth, and most of them settled in Indiana. The eldest of the family, Nancy, born June 2,1806, the widow of John Tomer, is still living in Bolivar and is now in her eighty-ninth year. The neighbors of John Mack at the time of his. early settlement here were his brother George. who located in 1815; John Engel, his brother-in-law; John Streby, Mr. Ilimes, William Hill, Abraham dosser and John and William Fashbaugh. The primitive log cabin of the Mack family, which in after years was weather-boarded and painted, is still standing, and is occupied by John O. Lash. Mrs. Sarah Bender well remembers the time when this county was nearly covered with heavy timber, the only exception to this being the land lying along the river bottom, which was kept clear by the Indians, who annually burned off the brush. Deer and turkeys were plentiful, and venison formed part of the diet of every family. On one occasion John Mack traded a horse for twenty sheep, one half of which were soon afterwards killed by the wolves. John Engel killed a large bear, the last one ever seen in these parts. On account of the superior healthfulness of land upon the hills, and owing to the presence of fine springs and the absence of brush, settlers chose to occupy the higher ground in preference to that known as the plains, which was covered with undergrowth and difficult to clear. In addition to this obstacle, 502 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. malaria was very prevalent along the bottom lands. Before the construction of the Ohio Canal, there being no market for grain, it was sold at ten cents per bushel. Henry, father of D. W. Bender, came to this township when a youth of seventcen years, and learned the carpenter's trade with his uncle, Dan- iel Bender. He worked for five or six years at that vocation and then gave himself mainly to agricultural pursuits. However, he took contracts and erected a number of houses and buildings in Bolivar and the adjoining country, among these .being the German Baptist Church in Pike Township, Stark County, which was put up in 1869, and in company with Mr. Lamb, he built the German Lutheran Church of Bolivar. Just before he had arrived at his majority, Henry Bender married Sarah Mack, and the young couple settled on a place comprising twenty-five acres two miles southwest of Bolivar, on the Strasburg road. They continued to there reside for three years, at the end of which time they removed to Kosciusko County, Ind., where they spent a year. Then returning to Lawrence Town-- ship, Mr. Bender bought eighty acres of land, now the property of George Grove, and later bought one hundred and sixty acres of land from his father. This place, upon which his uncle Daniel had settled on first coming to this locality, is situated a mile north of Wilmor. About 1856 he located upon what is known as the Eberly Farm, and there he lived until his death, which occurred October 30, 1877. His wife is still living upon the farm which was purchased by Mr. Bender soon after her marriage. To Henry and Sarah (Mack) Bender were born three children, who grew to maturity: Mary E., who is the wife of John Liebold, of Sandy Township; Nancy Charlotte, the wife of Franklin Liebold, of Lawrence Township; and our subject. In politics Henry Bender was a Republican and held several township offices. He joined the Baptist Church when about forty years of age and was for many years a minister in that denomination. He was an upright man, a good citizen, a kind neighbor, and popular with a large circle of friends. Daniel W. Bender received his elementary education in the common schools near the old homestead. As his advantages were necessarily limited, he has supplemented them with a well selected course of reading and by general observation, thus becoming well informed on matters of the day. He made his home under the parental roof until 1865, when he married Miss Mary E., daughter of Conrad and Elizabeth Kahler, of Stark County, the former a native of Germany, and the latter of Virginia. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Bender has been blessed with four children, to whom they have given good educational advantages and a fair. start in life. William L., the eldest, is now in the general offices of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. With his worthy wife, formerly Miss Flora Kokenour, he resides at Norwalk, Ohio. James E., who is still living at the old home, married Miss Della Belknap. Della M. is the wife of Silas W. Swank, of Barberton, this state. Conrad C., the youngest of the family, is now attending school. Soon after his marriage Mr. Bender began managing his father's farm on shares, and continued this work until 1872. At that time he removed to the farm which he now owns and cultivates. It is a place of one hundred and forty-eight acres, and has been greatly improved since it came into our subject's possession. Good buildings and fences are to be found on the homestead, which is kept up in an able and thrifty manner. For fifteen year Mr. Bender has been a member of the German Baptist Church and is active in advancing its interests. In political questions he uses his right of franchise in favor of the Republican party. JOHN DAVIS, the subject of this sketch, is an expert sheet-iron roller, and is one of the most efficient employes .of the Cambridge Sheet Iron and Steel Company in Cambridge. His father before him was engaged in that business during the active years' of his life, and John was PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 503 trained to a thorough understanding of this industry. The parents of our subject, John and Sarah (Davis) Davis, were natives of Wales, and became the parents of a large family of children. The eldest, Benjamin I., born in Wales, came with his parents to the United States in 1863. David, Hannah and John died when young and were buried in Wales. Our subject, John, was born in Cleveland. Margaret, George, David, Frances and William are living in this state. When the family landed in America they made their way immediately to South Cleveland, where the father obtained work in the rolling-mills. He worked for the Cleveland Company for twenty years, and is now living retired from the active duties of life in a pleasant home in Bridgeport, where he has the respect and good wishes of a wide circle of friends. The original of this sketch was born in South Cleveland, Ohio, December 15,1865, and when old enough entered the rolling-mills in that city, where he obtained a thorough knowledge of the business in all its details. He had been previously given a fair education, and is to-day a well informed and intelligent citizen of Cambridge. Mr. Davis was married, April 6,4886, to Alice Davidson, a native of Martin's Ferry. The lady survived her marriage three years, when she passed away, leaving a daughter. Eliza, born May 6, 1889. May 9, 1892, our. subject was married to his second wife, who prior to this occasion was known as Cora Snell. 'Their union has resulted in the birth of ason,John Francis. Mr. Davis made his advent in this place in March, 1890, and immediately obtained employment in the rolling-mills with which he is still connected. He is eminently fitted for this business, both by nature and training, and is well respected by his brother workmen. Mr. Davis is a member of the Order of Foresters; and belongs to the Amalgamated Association and the Good Templars. He has clung to the faith of his ancestors and is a 'member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In political sentiment he is a Republican and was captain of the club at Martinsburg during his residence at that place. He is a man of sterling worth and integrity and has the confidence of all who know him. Mrs. Cora Davis was born at Westwood, near Cincinnati, and, her parents dying when she was young, was taken into the home of Dr. McPherson, where she was reared to womanhood. JOSEPH PENIX, a well-to-do and enterprising farmer of Franklin Township, has owned his well improved homestead on section 3 for the past thirteen years. This farm, known as the Jonas Bair place, contains ninety-one acres of land well adapted for general agricultural purposes. The name which our subject bears is variously spelled by other members of the family, the usual form being Pennick, and the founder of the branch in America was a. native of Ireland. The earliest ancestor of whom our subject has authentic knowledge is his grandfather, James Penix, and his wife Mailta. Their son William was born in 1827, in Navarre, Stark County, this state. In his early days he drove a team, and later learned the carpenter's trade. Soon after reaching his majority he turned his attention to farming, in which he has made distinct success. At the age of twenty-three years he married Sophia, daughter of Michael King,. who was one of the early settlers in the vicinity of Beach City. Soon after his marriage William Penis leased a farm south of Sugar Creek Falls, on the Strasburg Road. There he lived for five years, and then for eleven years near Winesburg. For some time he was a resident of Wayne Township, but finally removed to Franklin Township, settling on lot 16, range 3, and here he spent the remainder of his life. He owned one hundred and twenty-nine acres in his home place and sixty-eight acres in Wayne Township. At his demise, which occurred February 4, 1892, he was nearly sixty-five years of age. His son Harvey now owns the old homestead. The house was built in 1840, and was re-built by its late owner. William and Sophia Penix were the parents of ten children, all but three of whom are still living. 504 - PORTRAIT AND BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Franklin died at the age of twenty-two years; Lucinda and Mary Frances are residents of Win add, Dover Township; Alfred lives with his brother Harvey; Joseph is next in order of birth; Wesley is living in Clinton County, Mich., and is married to Lovina Stephens; and Delhi is now the wife of William Hurst, of New ,Philadelphia, and has a daughter, Grace. The other children of the union were Sarah and Watson, who died in infancy. Harvey, who married 011ie, daughter of Elijah and Susan (Shutt) Gurber, has a daughter, Gertrude. William Penix was a Republican in politics, but not interested as an office-holder. Religiously he was a member of the United Brethren Church, and bore an enviable reputation for honesty and uprightness of character. Joseph Penix was born October 14, 1856, in Franklin Township, Tuscarawas County.. In his boyhood he received common-school advantages, and during the same period became intimately acquainted with agricultural pursuits. After reaching his majority he continued for some years to live with his father. In 1882 he purchased his present farm and has made many substantial improvements thereon. In 1890 his barn was destroyed by lightning, and in its place the owner has erected a handsome and well arranged structure on modern plans. It is 38x68 feet in dimensions and supplied with all conveniences. In polities Mr. Penix is an ally of the Republican party and to the best of his ability endeavors to discharge the duties of citizenship. November 20, 1881, Joseph. Penix was married to Mary E. Smith, who was born November 18, 1863. Her parents, John P. and Catherine (Shroy) Smith, were residents of Wayne Township. Mr. and Mrs. Penix have one son, Charles William.. The parents are members of the United Brethren Church; and arc active in all benevolent enterprises. HISTORICAL. .  GUERNSEY CCOUNTY was formed by act of the Legislature, Session of 1809-10, from portions of Belmont and Muskingum Counties. The net was consummated March 10, 1810. The name came from the Island of Gernsey, many of whose natives were residents within the limits of the proposed county. April 23, 1810, a meeting was held at the home of George Beymer, at Cambridge, at which the first County Commissioners were sworn in. The first board was composed of James Dilkni. Wiliiam Dement and Abraham Martin. Elijah Beall was appointed Clerk, and John Beatty Treasurer. Elijah Dyson was appointed to make out a list of all residerstf the county liable to taxation. The first Sheriff was Thomas Knowls, first Surveyor George Metcalf, and first Coroner Joseph Smith. It was ordered that the county be divided into five distinct townships, said townships to be called. respectively, Oxford, Seneca, Wills, Cambridge and Westland, and that a county plat he made by the Surveyor. By order of the Board of Commissioners tavern licenses were graded from $4 to $5. At the Meeting held the following June 10. it was ordered that a township to be called Buffalo be organized. A contract was let to build a county gaol,at this meeting, Andrew Marshall receiving the award. Richland Township was organized July 28,1810, and Madison the same day. Meetings for organization were held at the house of Samuel Leath. in Richland, and at Absalom Martin's in Madison. September 15, 1810, Wheeling Township was organized. The meeting was held at the house of William Gibson. On Christmas Day, 1810, Robert Johnson became Clerk. The Steubenville Road was completed from Cadiz to Cambridge in 1811. In June, 1811. Lloyd Talbot was appointed superintendent of the erection of a court-house and Z. A. Beatto construct Gomber were chgaol contractors to.construet the same. The gaul was finished September 3. 1811. Valley Township was organized at thehouse of William Thompson. March 25, 181Townships Jefferson. Londonderry, Beaver and Ohio Township were organized January 3, 1816. Monroe Township was organized at the house of Lawrence Tetrick in April. 1818. Knox Township was formed in March, 1819: Spencer in 1819, Liberty 1820, Centre in 1822. Washington in 1823, Jackson in 1821 and Adams in 1827. In 1851 Buffalo, Beaver, Ohio and Seneca Townships were detached from Guernsey County and became a part of Noble. Rivalry existed for many years between Washington and Cambridge for the honors of the county seat. Messrs. Beatty and Gomber, public-spirited men, gave the proposed the erection of suitable buildings, said buildings to be read 508 - HISTORICAL for the roof if they were located at Cambridge, a proposition accepted. Fur many years thereafter the county-seat question was at intervals renewed. Indeed, it was not until after the advent of the railroad that Washington gave up the controversy. THE NATIONAL ROAD The macadamized road which runs through the entire length of Guernsey County is a splendid roadway, self-draining and easily kept in repair. This road is the only one worthy thc name in the county, and is part of the great National Road, sometimes called "Clay's Pike," because Henry Clay was largely instrumental in having the General, Government undertake the work. The Guernsey County section was made in 1827, and at once became a great thoroughfare for traveling. It greatly enhanced the valuation of property in the county. PUBLIC BUILDINGS The Court House ornamenting the public square in Cambridge is one of the most elegant and hest furnished buildings of its kind in Ohio. Perhaps, considering its cost, it stands without a rival throughout the United States. The superstructure is of small greenish colored, rock-faced stone from Cumberland, trimmed with white and stone from Zanesville. ADVENT OF THE BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD The arrival of the first train from Columbus over the then new track of what Is now the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad was celebrated April 27, 1854. The train consisted of six coaches. Citizens finite generally took part in the welcome: The match from the station house to the public square was under the marshalship of Col. Gordon Lotland. The address of welcome was delivered by Hon. Nathan Evans. Appropriate replies were made by George James, of Zanesville. and Samuel Brush, of Columbus. Military companies from Columbus and Zanesville participated in the exercises. STEAMBOATING It seems hardly erodible that Wills Creek was ever navigated by a steam craft, but such is the fact, and so firmly were the pioneers of the opinion that it should be improyed, that it bill was passed by the Legislature in 1835, and on the 15th March, 1836, was celebrated its passage. Capt. Sam Hanes built the "Tickle Pitcher," which made several trips to Zanesville and return. The return trips were attended by many difficulties—to get through shallow waters poling had to be resorted to. Little was ever done beyond the survey in behalf of slack-watcr navigation. LIST   OF ASSOCIATE JUDGES OF THE COUNTY FROM 1810 TO 1851 Jacob Gomber, Robert Spears, Thomas 13. Kirkpatrick, William Frame, James Leepcr, Thomas Henderson, Elijah Bealle. George Metcalf, David Tullis. William Skinner, Turner G. Brown, William Thompson, Stewart Speer, Joseph D. Tingle, Robert Marshal!, Robert Reed and Zadock Davis. The term of office for the Associate Judges was for seven years: The Clerks during the same time were: Cyrus P. Beatty, Zaccheus P. Beatty, Cyrus I'. Beatty., Moses Sarchet, Thomas W. Peacock and George Melanin. The Judges on the circuit during the period were: William Wilson, Jeremiah II. Hallock, Benjamin Tappan, Corrington W. Searle and William Kennon. Court. Front Old Practice. COURT, FROM OLD PRACTICES " Hear ye, hear ye, hear ye, all manner of persons who sue or implead, or. stand bound by recognizance, or have otherwise to do before the honorable Court of Common Pleas of Guernsey County; let them draw near, give their attendance and they shall he heard, for this court is now open. God save the state!" MILITARY HISTORY. The War of 1812-15 had a stagnating effect. upon improvements in Guernsey County. All efforts toward advancement were checked. Men Hew to arms for the protection of their families and firesides; uncertainty and distrust reigned among those who were left behind to await the result of the arbitrament of arms. The citizens from Guernsey County who participated in the War of 1812 were as follows: James Frame, Amos Williams, Thomas Hyde, William Smith, William McCullough, Thomas Robe, Enoch Thomas, Patrick McLaughlin, John Waller, David HISTORICAL - 509 Waller, Lewis Waller, .John Barton, Adam Shinn, Henry Baker, William Shepherd, .Jacob Smith, Timothy Sharock, Everett Sharock, Shandy Hammond, William Morehead, William Cherry, James Morehead, William Hudson, .John Bates, Samuel Halters, Michael Archer, 'John Secrest, James Dye, Thomas Bay, James Bay, Samuel Bay, William Bryan, James Oldham, William Hosiach, John Hutchinson, John Marling, Isaac Oldham, James De Long, Isaac De Long, William Laws, Enoch Phillips, Aaron Hedge, James Fuller, David Hollis, Gowmar Matthews, .John Gibson, Adam Tedrick, John Phillips, Israel Hedges and Paul DeWitt. Considering the sparse population of Guernsey County at the time, this was a big showing—indeed a wonderful outpouring in behalf of their Country. William Reed, one of the above-mentioned soldiers, was with Commodore Perry at.the battle of Lake Erie, and was one of those who manned the boat when Commodore Perry made his change of flagship from the "Lawrence" to the "Niagara," a perilous passage of half a mile under the fire of the enemy. In the painting of Perry's victory, that hangs in the rotunda of the capitol at Columbus showing this daring feat, the sailor plying the oar, handkerchief about his head and blood streaming over his face from the wound. is William Reed. GUERNSEY COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. It seems quite. impossible to secure a complete roster of the soldiers furnished by Guernsey County to the War of 1861-63. When war's alarm was sounded the response came quickly from Guernsey, and throughout all the struggle she maintained her loyalty to the Old Flag. As far as procurable we give the roster. Guernsey County was represented in the. Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry by many soldiers. The regiment was organized in the state-at-large, in September, 1861. The official list of battles in which it was engaged and bore an honorable. part is as follows: Shiloh, Tenn., April 6 and 7, 1862;. Corinth, Miss., May 30, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 31;1862; Liberty Gap, Tenn., June 25, 1863; Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863; Resaca, Ga., May 3-9, 1864; Cassville, Ga., May 13-16, 1864; Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., .June 27, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864; Lovejoy Station, Ga., September 2-6, 1864; Franklin, Tenn.,. November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tenn., December 15, 1864. The roster of officers from Guernsey County was as follows: Lieut. Col. John McClenahan, Lieut. Jesse L. Grimes, Robert S. McClenahan, Q. M. S.; John H. Sarchet, Principal Musician; Lieut. John R. Chu k. The privates of Company A were: Johnston Hammond, William R. Stewart, James. Gallihan, William S. Donaldson, Benjamin Briggs, Parker C. Bird, Levi Boyer, William Dennis, Charles Hammond, William H. Hammond, Robert Hammond, Peter Wykoff. Company B. Capt. Joshua K. Brown, Lieut. Jesse L. Grimes, Lieut. John R. Clark, Lieut. Nathan Neeland. William Selders, John S. Penrose (killed at Atlanta), Corwin F. Camp, Porter Gibson, Milton McDowell, Andrew O. Rea, William E. Camp, Jacob Allbright, Thomas Smith, James C. McDowell. John T. McCune. Dennis Tracey, James W. Pollock (killed at Stone Inver), William Downer, David Frazier, James M. McClenahan, John B. McKinney (died from wounds), William A. Stewart (died from wounds), Oliver Barilett, David A. Adamson, Isaac Adamson, Benjamin Allbright., William Bushfield. Benjamin Ball; John N. Berry, Rezin Bond, Benjamin Chance, Nathan Clary, James P. Carnes, William Calvert, John Crossgrove, Newton Downar, William H. Douglas, James Dissirms, Harrison Dainfer, Andrew Dawner, Thomas W. Evans, Joseph B. Ferguson, John Frazier (died from wounds), Samuel A. Forbes, Samuel A. Gibson, John A. Gardner, Daniel J. Gilpin, Alfred C. Chans, John Howell, Herman Howell, John M. Jackson, George Klingman, James R. King, David Leeper, William Marling, John McKim, George Mitner, Alonzo Mittiner, M. V. McKim, George Noble, David Sarchet, Enoch Sears, 510 - HISTORICAL. Thomas Segman, Milton L. Salmon, John Solders, Benjamin Thompson, William Tandy and Samuel Vance. TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, O. V. I. Organized at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, from June. 8 to July 24, 1861. Members of the Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry whose term of service had not expired at the date of the muster-out of that regiment were transferred to this regiment, June 10, 1865. The organization, composed of veterans and recruits, was retained in service until October 21, 1865, when it was mustered out. List of Battles. Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 1862; Corinth, Miss., May 30, 1862; Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862; Chickamauga, Ga., September 19, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863; Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., May 5, 1864; Resaca, Ga., May 13, 1864; Adairsville, Ga., May 17,1864; Dallas, Ga., May 25,1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 9, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain (general assault), June 27, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864; Jonesboro, Ga., August 31, 1864; Spring Hill, Tenn., November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tenn., December 15, 1864. Guernsey County representatives on staff were:-Alfred Weedon, David C. Marsh and Israel Gregg. Company D. Capt. Alexander Frazier, William T. Frazier and James A. Frazier. Company F. Capt. John Ferguson, Lieut. Peter Dennis, Lieut. Alexander Frazier, Lieut. Philip M. Ogan, Cyrus B. Noble, S. G. Wishard, John IL Ostler, John W. Richey, Ferdinand Gitchel, Bryan Rabe, Anthony Gaumer, Robert J. Brown, Mathias W. Smith, Michael W. Jackson. John Folket, Alexander McKinny, Samuel C. Barnett (prisoner), Joseph Todd, George Hancock, Charles Osborn, Alexander C. Moore, John Sines, Augustus C. Tillett, Benjamin H. Chance, William P. Hillman, Joseph F. Scarborough, Joseph M. Hull, George R. Hull, Robert Anderson, Fortunatis Burlingame, Ferdinand Burlingame J. J. Barton, Frederick Braninger, Benjamin F. Brill, Emanuel Brill, Jarrett E. Bailey, Daniel I. Buxton, Abraham R. Beal, James E. Brill. Walter Boyd, Henry Brindley, Francis M. Brill Justin Burlingame, Lewis Cowgill, William II. Croft, William A. Crepps, John Clipner, Andrew M. Cowan, Albert A. Camp, Jacob A. Canady, Joseph C. Crouch, Alfred Calvert, Robert F. Craig, Moses F. Engle, William Fulton, Owen Finn. Joseph Featherstone, Sylvester Frame, Isaac Green, Isaac Garlin, Cornelius Herly, Madison Hull, Garrett E. Jones, Charles S. Jones, Philander Johnson, Jonathan Kerr, John Kesler, Andrew I. Kendall, Isaac Long, Atwood S. Lewis, Robert Larrison, Andrew Murdock, Perry A. Morrison, Joshua McPeak, Mordecai McPeak, David C. Marsh, Stephen Newland, Elza Newland, Thomas M. Neeland, Asa Newland, John W. Paine, George W. Pratt, James T. Pratt, Josiah Patterson, George W. Robison, Solomon Ryner, John Richards (prisoner),. ,Josiah P. Robe, Samuel F. Robinson, William Reimer, John Rankin, Francis A. Stoner, John F. Shriver (killed at La Vergne), William Steele (killed at Jonesboro), Jacob C. Smith, Adrian Shun, David W. Stewart, David Todd, Edward Thompson, Ira Tyson, John W. Tillott, Rudolph Thomas, James B. Tandy, Alva H. Thompson, Hcnry W. Vining. Peter Vandermack, William Weaver. Edwin Wells, Alfred Weedon, John Webster, Lewis Wharton, Jacob Wharton and James H. Wilson. SIXTY-SECOND REGIMENT, O. V. I. The Sixty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Zanesville, McConnelsviIle and Sumnerton, Ohio, from September 17 to, December 24, 1861, to serve three years. Official List of Battles in which the Regiment Engaged. Port Republic, Va., June 9, 1862; Blackwater, Va., December 12, 1862; Ft. Wagner, S. C., July 10,, 1863; Ft. Wagner, S. C. ( second assault ), July 18, 1863; Ft. Wagner, S. C. (evacuation), September 7, 1863; Deep Bottom. Va., August 14, 1864; Darbytown Road, Va., October 13, 1864; Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; Hatcher's River, Va., October 27, 1864; Petersburg, Va. HISTORICAL - 511 (fall of), April 2, 1865; Appomattox C. H., Va., April 8, 1865. Company G. Capt. Milton Barnes, Capt. James Adair (died of wounds), Lieut. James Johnston, Lieut. William Beadling (killed at. Ft. Wagner), Lieut. John N. Starr, James E. Gillett, Alpheus Ringer, John R. Murray, Alvin Burson, Elza Z. Davis, James N. Gray, William L. lieskit (died of wounds), Isaac N. McNatt, James W. Needham, Anderson Addy, Andrew J. Bebout, George A. Moore, Samuel R. Shriever, Ervin W. Stottleume, James L. Dilley, Richard H. Dilley, James Alison, James Beadling, Edward Beall, Elijah Beall, Hamilton Beall, John Bebout, Dan let Bennett ( died of wounds), William Bennett, Noah Beymer. Eli Brill, Richard Buty, John J. Culver, Liston B. Culver, Joel H. Cummins, William C. Cunningham, Harvey Dennis, James D. Derbrache, Everett Heskitt, John M. Heskett, George Hickle, Stephen Hickle, Isaac McCollum, James Mcllyar, James McKimun, William H. H. McNatt, Peter H. Siegfrist, Philip Sigman, Perry Singens. Samuel Smith, John W. Starr, Moses D. Starr, Henry Steel, John B. Steel, Adam Stevens, Jacob Stires, John Stiies, William Sutton, Cyrus Vance, James Voorhies and William IL Wires. SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT O. V. I. This regiment was organized in the state at large, from October 24, 1861, to January 16, 1862. The battles in which it took part were: Shiloh, Tenn., April 6, 1862; Bolivar, Tenn., August 30, 1862; Raymond, Miss., May 12. 1863: Champion Mills, Miss., May 16, 1863; Vicksburg, Miss Miss., May 18, 186:3; Canton, Miss., February 26, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 9 to 30, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1861; Atlanta, Ga. (siege of). July to September, 1861; Lovejoy Station, Ga., September 2 to 6, 1864; Bentonville, N. C., March 19, 1865. Guernsey County's contribution to Company A was: Capt. Thomas P. Wilson, Lieut. Russell Bethel, Lieut. William M. Muth. Lieut. William H. Cockins, Henry Speer, John R. Edgar. William J. Hirkett, Albert Henderson, John B. Barnett, Will: lam S. Speer, W. W. Porter, John P. Ross, James Parkhill, John L. Boyd, Milton Turner, R. M. J. Shinn, Robert R. Crawford, Robert A. Cockins, James M. Allison, James C. Arthur, Simeon Cockins, Wilson H. Conner, Joseph Copeland, James M. Coulter, Eli B. Cramblet, Samuel Dickson, Thomas Dickson, Joshua Dickinson, James Douglas, David Douglas, William Douglas, James E. Fleming, David W. Forsythe, Preston II. Forsythe, John W. Fowler, John Fulton, Hugh Gillespie, William Gillespie, George Glenn, Josiah D. Glenn, Isaac Glenn, George A. Houton, William McJeffrey, John G. Law, Andrew M. Law, Samuel M. Linn, John M. McNutt, James Patton, James D. Patton, Joseph Ramsay, Walter B. Ross, Philip S. Smock, James F. Sterling, Joseph R. Stewart, Robert S. Speer, Thomas R. Thompson, David R. .Thompson, Henry W. Wagstaff, William G. White, George W. Wilson and John J. Wilson. Company F. Milton B. Thomas. Company H. Capt. John T. Rainey, Capt. John Orr, Lieut. John F. Ginnis, Lieut. Josiah Scott. Lieut. John P. Ross, Lieut. William A.. Dodds, Lieut. Henry Speer (died of wounds), Lieut. Robert II. Brown, David B. Rainey, William H. Callahan, Isaac Sigman, Thomas Cochran, Robert B. Scott, Elihu White, William II. Blair, Finley McDonald, Levi F. Johnson, David McMillen, John A. Johnson, Samuel Nelson, Gabriel II. nester, David T. Caldwell, Leander Scott, Hezekiah Hyatt, John W. Powell. James McBurney, Lafayette Murphy, James SeOtt, Francis Scott, Adam G. Shrivel. (killed at Atlanta), John T. Allen, James B. Allen, John Alexander (killed at Atlanta), William Ball, Wilson. M. Barber, George Barnett, Jacob Barnett, Daniel Bean, James Berry, Peter S. Bichard, James H. Black, Joseph R. Black, Alexander Blair, J. K. P. Britton, Robert Britton, Jonathan Brown, Joseph H. Brown, Joshua Burns, John W. Camp, Samuel A. Casey, Alexander Clark, Thomas M. Clark, David Clipner. .John Clipner (perished by explosion or steamer "Sultana," April 25, 1865), John B. Cook, John Craig, James Culbertson, James Dawson, John Dillahay. Edward R. Dunifer, John Dunifer. Thomas C. Fowler, Cyrus 1'. George, Elijah Gill, Joseph Gill, Edward Hall, Thomas Hartshorn, James Hudson, John Jarvis, Nathaniel Johnson, 512 - HISTORICAL. George W. Kimble, George Kimble, Robert Kimble, William Kimble, Benjamin King, William Lake (died of wounds), Samuel Lenton, Charles Mc-Burney, William McBurney (killed at Champion Hills), Louis Miller, Alexander P. Milligan, David Mitchell, Isaac Schuyhart, Laban Sigman, Rolley Sigman, James Slats, William M. Stage, Alexander Stevenson, George W. Stevenson, Alexander C. Stone, .Joseph Tucker, James Turner (killed at Atlanta), Joshua Vorhes, Louis Vorhes and Reece White. NINETY-SEVENTH O. V. I. This regiment was organized at Zanesville, Ohio, September 2, 1862. The official list of battles in which they bore a part is as follows: Perryville, Ky., October 8; 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863; Rocky Face Ridge, Ga., May 5, 1864; Dalton, Ga., May 9, 1864; Resaca, May 13, 1864; Adamsville, Ga., May 17, 1864; Dallas, Ga., May 25, 1864; New Hope Church, Ga., May 27, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga.Kcnesaw9, 1864; Kcnesav Mountain, Ga. (special assault), June 22, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga. (general assault), June 27, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Ga., July 20, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., July 28 to September 2, 1864; Jonesboro, Ga., August 31, 1864; Lovejoy Station, Ga., September 2, 1864; Springhill, Tenn., November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tenn., December 15, 1864. Guernsey County furnished the following soldiers to this regiment: Maj. James W. Moore, Adjt. John S. Adair and Chaplain William H. McFarland. Company A. Capts. James McCormick, William K Rosemond, Andrew Arrick; Lieuts. John H. Carlisle, William L. McKesson; Joseph C. Hughes, John M. Scott, Benjamin F. Brill.Hezekiah Teterick, James IL McCoy, Henry C. Vandruff (died from wounds at Nashville, Tenn.), Joseph Wiseman, Peter H. Sims, John W. Hughes, Otho B. Grier, Asa Gay, Joshua Hakey, Benjamin Price, Warner Rogers ( killed at Kenesaw Mountain), Benoni Swain, Joseph A. Stewart, Richard J. Russell, John Miller, William Aduddle, Robert Alexander, John W. Benson, Bethel Brill (prisoner), George W. Brill, Jacob R.. Brill, William Brill, Judson Broom, George W. Brown, James H. Brown, Samuel M. Brown, William Bumgardner, Joseph Burson, John Clipinger, David Dennis, Nathan Dillon, William Dillon, Jerome Egbert, Henry Forbes, Ferdinand Gitchell, Ebenezer Gordon, George C. Goodsel (killed at Kenesaw), Abraham G rubbs, Isaac Gruber, John W. Hall, Oscar Hall, Isaac Hanson, George W. Holiday, David Hurford, William Kemp, Cornelius LePage, Isaac Long (prisoner), John A. Lowery, Duncan McConnaughy, McConnell, Stephen McCoy, James H. McFarland, William H. Morton, Basil Murphy, John Price, Morton M. Rosemond, Lindley Rossiter, Stephen B. Sayres (prisoner), Israel Smith, Jonas J. Smith, David Steel, Joseph Steel, William Steffen Adam Stephens, Joshua M. Stiers, Joseph H. Stiers, Robert Stiers, Wi(dicd M. Stiers (died from wounds at Kenesaw Mountain), John Stillions, Joseph Teterick, Lewis A. Thomas, Philip Thompson, Samuel A. Todd, Jackson Tovel, John L. Turnifrend, Francis Watts, Archibald Wilkins, Thomas W. Williams anti Samuel Wyeuff. Company B. Capt. William F. Hunter, Capt. John H. Carlisle, Lieut. John L Brady, Lieut. Charles H. Moore, Lieut. Elisha P. Potter, Lieut. George K. Taylor, Lieut. Walter B. Barnett, John E. Mutton (died of wounds at Kenesaw), James L. Poland (prisoner, perished in the explosion of steamer "Sultana"), George H. Stottlemin, James H. Watt, William K Teterick, Samuel Jackson, John Rankin, Asa Frazier, David Hammond, Jeremiah G. Davis, George W. May, William Morton, Samuel Beadling, William S. Bracken (killed at Franklin, Tenn.), Joseph A. Martin (died of wounds at Tullahoma), George W. McClelland, John W. Perry, William Travis, Jelin D. Fulton, Crawford Hope, Erastus F. Meek, John S. Nelson. Vincent Cockins, John A. Moore, Joseph Stoner, Bethuel Abels, Alexander Arbuckle, John M. Archer, William Barnes, George W. Barnett (died of wounds at Kenesaw Mountain), Charles J. Bishard, George W. Boetcher, John L. Bracken, James W. Brown, Jackson Burns, Joseph HISTORICAL - 513 Burns, Coonrod Clinesmith (killed at Mission Ridge), Thomas Cunningham, William Davidson, Joshua Davis, Benjamin La Rue (died of wounds at Kenesaw Mountain), Elias J. La Rue, Fletcher J. Dennis, Cyrene J. Dollman (killed at Kenesaw Mountain), John Duff, Robert Dunning, Vincent H. Eakin (died of wounds at New Hope), Robert Ford, Simon Elliott, Thomas Giffin, George W. Glessinger, Daniel W. Gould, John T. Haney, Robert Haney (died of wounds at Peach Tree Creek), Andrew Hanna, Henry Hardesty, John Hooper (died of wounds at Nashville), Joseph Hope, John humble (killed at Kenesaw Mountain), Anderson Johnson, Salem Johnson, William G. Johnson, William Jordan, Thomas II. Karr, William C. Kilbreath, George F. Lanick, Samuel A. Long, Isaac McDonald, Thomas McMahan, Joseph McKee, David L. Mackey, Charles Maxwell, James Mehaffey, Joseph Mehaffey, Horace C. Moore, James L. Moore, Welcome B. Nelson, James M. Patterson, Stephen A. Pollock, James Reed (died of wounds at Kenesaw Mountain), Robert Reinsch (killed at Stone River), Robert Reynolds, George Rice, William Richmond, Oliver H. Robb, Jacob Rallston, Jacob Shively, George Sigman, Presley Sigman, James H. Starr, Aaron Stephens, Daniel G. Stephens, George Stephens, A. W. Teterick, John A. Vessels, David S. Virtue, John H. Wires, William Woods and William C. Weymer. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT. O. V. I. This regiment was organized at Zanesville, Ohio, from September 30 to October 8, 1862, and was mustered out June 26, 1865. The list of battles in which it engaged was as follows: Union Mills, Va., June 13, 1863; Winchester Heights, Va., June 11, 1863; Stevenson's Depot, Va., June 15, 1863; Brandy Station, Va., Novcmber 8, 1863; Mine. Run, November 26, 1863; Wilderness, Va., May 5 to 7, 1864; Spottsylvania C. H., Va., May 9, 1864; Tolopotomy Creek, Va., May 29, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 1, 1864; Peters-. burg, Va., June 22, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864; Monocacy, Md., July 9, 1864; Charleston, Va., July 18, 1864; Halltown, Va., August, 1864; Opequan, Va., September 19, 1864; Fisher's Hill, September 22, 1864; Cedar Creek, Va., October 19, 1864; Petersburg, Va., March 25, 1865; Petersburg, Va., April 1865; Sailor's Creek, Va., April 6, 1865.; Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865. Guernsey County furnished the following soldiers: Lieut-Col. John M. Bushfield, Adj. A. A. Taylor. Company A. Capt. Benjamin S. Herring, Lieut. Thomas Kilbourn (killed at Cedar Creek), Lieut. W. H. H. McIlyar, John M. Blamprid, .John P. Bonnell, Thomas Hutchison, Thomas Worthing, Jacob Dayton, W. S. Daugherty, James Deselms, Salathiel Brill, Henry Masters (prisoner), John W. Ken-worthy, 'Samuel Barber, .Joseph Hutchison (prisoner), Thomas Aduddle, Anthony Arnold, John Beam, James R. Bell, Thomas Blamprid, John M. Bond, Lemuel Benam, Abner Coril, Jonathan Deselms, John W. Ferbrache (prisoner), William Gallup, Jackson Gracey, Wesley Griffith, William Marlett (prisoner), William P. Marsh (prisoner), William Mason, Hezekiah Miskimen (prisoner), Samuel H. Morrison; John Motter, I. N. Powelson, A. T. Sanhill (died of wounds), Tolbert R. Shipley (died of wounds) and Cyrus Turnbaugh (prisoner). The members of Company C from Guernsey County were: James Chapman ( prisoner). Company H had the following men from Guernsey County: Capt. A. A. Taylor (prisoner), Hugh F. McDonald ( prisoner), James II. Meek (prisoner), Harrison C. Moore, George W. Noble, William B. Powell (prisoner), Hugh Queen, James Queen,. Elijah P. Smith and Isaac Smith (prisoner). The men from Guernsey County in Company H were: Lieut. Frank S. Spencer, Lieut. Asbury Webster, Volney Tidball, Jeremiah D. Muzzy, James T. Robins, Sylvester Hayes, William Smith, Robert T. Rose, Lacy S. Hibbs, John Collins (prisoner), Henry Cosgrave, Henry E. Cosgrave, George Draper, John Ferryman, Edward Fitzgerald, Robert Harper, Asa Hayes, David Heaume (killed at Wilderness), Patrick Hoben, Michael Joyce, William C. Kimball, Matthew Lennon (prisoner), William T. McCune, Hugh C. McDowell, Robert Pierce, Clarkson Redd 514 - HISTORICAL (prisoner), Peter C. Robins (prisoner. died in prison), Lawson H. Rogers, Benjamin F. Rose (prisoner), Milton Selby (prisoner), Richard Sigman (prisoner), William H. Smith, A. B. Tidball (prisoner, killed in Wilderness), Andrew Tidball (prisoner). David R. Walker and Moses Wells. EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT, O. V. I. This regiment was originally composed of a battalion of four companies, organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, from September 24 to October 27, 1862, and was designated as "First Battalion Governor's Guards." Six new companies were subsequently organized from July 24 to August 3, 1863, and consolidated with this battalion, making up the Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The regiment was principally engaged in guarding rebel prisons at Camp Chase, Ohio; also in the pursuit of Morgan raiders and the suppression of the Holmes County. Rebellion, in July, 1863. Guernsey County was represented in Company E as follows: Capt. Joseph D. Taylor, Lieut. Alexander Sankey, Lieut. Wilson S. Taylor, Lieut. Isaac Denfenbach, Joseph W. Jones, Thomas C. Morrison, John A. Nelson, John W. Jeffrey, Charles E. Ostler, William W. Robbins, George W. Morrison, William W. Booth, Nathan B. Scott, Cephas Finley, James Galbraith, James D. Thompson, William A. Knouff, James M. Meecham, Solomon Shakier, John Anderson,. Richard Lowry, Alvin W. Balbridge, Harry C. Tammyhill, Shepherd M. Gaston, David Alexander, William Ardiddle, Matthew G. Alexander, William L. Alexander, Stephen P. Anderson, Wilson S. Archer, William H. H. Armstrong, Henry Arndt, John W. Arnold, William Bofford, Abraham Baird, William H. Barnes, E. Bittsberger, Corbin J. Blocker, William H. Barton, William R. Borton, Henry M. Brown, John W. Burkhead, George Carrik. William M. Chandler, Matthew Clark, William D. Crumton, Joseph M. Crossen, William H. Cummings, Jacob L. Curry, Nathan M. Davis, Alexander Dean, Joseph B. Miley, William Miley, William S. Eagan, Melville G. Parley, Archibald Farley, Levi Farley, Richard S. Fisher, John H. Flood, William H. Foreman, Charles W. Gaston, John W. Gaston, Thomas Gill, Leonard Greathouse, John Greeneltch, Joseph H. Hartup, Joseph Hayes, Meadhouse, John Hughes, William S. Jamieson, Robert C. Jones, Martin Kays, James Keenan, George Knox, Isaac Lamb, James M. Leeper, Beatty M. Long, Newton Lowrey, John McBurney, James McVicker, Samuel MeVicker, Melville Madden, Percy Marker, Carlo C. Meecham, Francis Miller, Matthew T. Miller, William A. Minters, Joseph D. Morrison, Andrew J. Morrison, Marion L. Mosley, John F. Moss, Robert G. Moss, William M. Nelson, Joseph Outland, James DI. Pryor, John Rhoads, Richard Rice, John W. Robinson, William W. Robinson, Thompson Rose, James S. Row land, Saul H. Brown, James F. Ryan, Samuel Sayres, Elijah Scofield, Tobias R. Shaw, James A. Speer, Alexander A. Staate, Frederick G. Steele, John W. Stillwell, Samuel C. Strayer, Norville B. Strong, Norville W. Taylor, William Thomas, Henry S. Thompson, L. M. Thompson, Leroy W. Thompson, William A. Thompson, James H. Tuttle, John Tuttle, Thompson F. Walls, George H. Wallace, Benjamin Ward, Charles W. Weinstein, Joseph C. Welch, Fred H. Winkler, Jacob R. Younger. FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, August 17 to.October 5, 1861, to serve three years. On the expiration of their term of service, the original members (except veterans) were mustered out, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, continued in the service until it was mustered out by companies, as follows: A to K, inclusive, and M, September 13, 1865, at Hilton Head, S. C., and Company I September 26, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn., in accordance with orders from the War Department,. Companies A and C were ordered to West Virginia in September, 1861, and were attached to the commands of Generals Shields and Banks, in the Shenandoah Valley; and with the Army of Virginia under General Pope, and the Army of the Potomac, and as headquarters guard of the cavalry division of Generals Gregg and Kilpatrick, they bore an honorable part in the campaigns and engagements in Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania until the spring of 1864, when they were ordered to join the regiment. The official HISTORICAL - 515 list of battles in which this regiment was engaged is not yet published by the War Department, but the following list has been compiled after a careful research during the compilation of this work. It does not include numerous battles and skirmishes in which single companies and small detachments of the regiment werc engaged: Booneville, Miss., May 30, 1862; Russellville, Ala., July 1, 1862; Courtland, Ala., July 25, 1842; Bardstown, Ky., October 1, 1862; Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863; Elk River, Tenn., July 2, 1863; Alpine, Ga., September 10, 1863; Chickamauga, Tenn., September 19 and 20, 1863; Washington, Tenn., October 1, 1863; Paint Rock, Ala., October 30, 1863; Cleveland, Tenn., Novetnber 27, 1863; Calhoun, Tenn., December 16, 1863; Decatur, Ala., May 26, 1864; Moulton, Ala., May 29, 1854; Noonday Creek, Ga., June 15, 1864; Lovejoy Station, Ga., August 20, 1865. Atlanta campaign: Ebenezer Church, Ga., April 1, 1865; Selina, Ala., April 2, 1865; and Columbus, Ga., April 16, 1865. The following is a list of soldiers in this regiment from Guernsey County, Ohio: James Laughlin, Lt.-Col.; John W. Laughlin, Adjt.; and Hugh H. Siverd, Ser.-Maj. Company B. This company was mustered in August 17, 1861, at Camp Chase, Ohio, by Howard Stansbury, Captain, Topographical Engineers and a United States army mustering officer. It was mustered out September 13, 1865, at I lilton Head, S. C., by Leslie Smith, Brevet Major and Captain First Infantry, U. S. A., and C. M. D. S. C. Capts. James Laughlin and Hugh II. Siverd; First Lieuts. Samuel W. Fordyce, John d. Mosley. John W. Laughlin; Second Lieut. Edwin L. Hall; First Sergts. Norvell W. Taylor, Ezekiel Wadden; Quartermaster Sergt. Robert H. Barton; Com. Sergt. Solomon Redd; Sergeants William Merturney, Justus C. Taylor, William Rosemond, William Ilaunum, John M. Brown, Martin T. Lindsey, John W. H. Noble, Charles W. Hayes, Jason S. Crossen, William H. C. Fianna and Stout P. Wallace; Corporals Henry E. Bumgardner (drowned July 6, 1863), George W. Gibbs, Alexander C. Davis, Moses B. Kennedy, George Frazier, George W. Shaw. John H. Smith, Henry H. Garrett, James Sills, William A. Booker, John T. Bell and Seldon Banker; John Barklay, farrier; and privates Andrew M. Ader, Benjamin Ader, Samuel B. Arbuthnot, Calvin Baker, George W. Baker, Alexander Bates, James Bates, Robert Beard, William Beymer, George W. Bowers, William Brooks, Albert M. Brown, William D. Brumly, Thomas H. Burns, James C. Caldwell, Francis C. Calvert, Samuel Caskey, Joseph Clayton, James T. Cunningham (died March 17, 1864), William Davis, William A. Davy, Theodore A. Decker, Thomas Dugan (died May 21, 1864, in prison at Andersonville, Ga.), Joel M. Eaton, Thomas Errington, Jacob L. Fife, Milton Finley, James M. Frame, Marcus Fulton, Alexander J. Gaston, Simson George, Samuel B. Gibson, Charles Gleason,Joseph B. Jeffries (died March 19, 1864), David T. Jeffries, Ferdinand S. Johnson, Robert V. Johnson, Samuel Johnson, Joseph B. Kennedy, James V. Kimble (died December 18, 1861), Nation Kimble, John A. Leeper, John A. Lindsey, James Lister, Alexander L. Lowrey, Joseph McCluskey, John L. McCreary (drowned April 24, 1862), John B. McCune, Alexander McMullin (killed July 1, 1862, in action at Russellville, Ala.), Alexander McVicker, James T. Mackey, Louis Miller, Samuel Morris, Hiram Moore, Erastus H. Nicholson, George W. Parker, John M. Robinson, Vincent T. Rose,. Joseph Shear, George M. Shipman (died August 15, 1864), Jonathan Sills, Harrison Skinner, Walter C. Smith, David P. Spence, William Steel, John 13.. Stewart, George I. Swingle, Daniel Taylor, George Taylor (died January 1, 1862), David T. Terre II, John K. Thompson, George 3i. Todd, Augustus IL Vansickle, Mark E. Ward, Joseph W. Watt, Herschel Webster OW December 26, 1863, in prison at Danville, Va.), Stocton Webster and William Wharton. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SECOND REGIMENT, O. V. I. This regiment was made up almost entirely in Guernsey County. It did guard duty chiefly at, Gallipolis, Ohio. As a regiment, it was not out of the state. Other regiments had representation from Guern- 516 - HISTORICAL sey County, but a complete roster has not been secured. The Guernsey County Monumental Association is engaged in getting up a roll, which will doubtless be complete. This association is constantly increasing in numbers. Its certificates are sold at one dollar each, making the purchaser a stockholder in the enterprise. It is proposed to erect a monument at a cost of about $15,000 on the public square, having on its faces the names of soldiers who went from Guernsey County. lion. Milton Turner, A. R. Brown, Rev. J. H. McFarland, D. D. Taylor, A. A. Taylor, Alfred Wccdon and others are honored names in connection with this enterprise, and to them is due the credit of its success. CAMBRIDGE TOWNSHIP. Guernsey County's first permanent settlements were made about 1798. Prior thereto a few squatters located here and there, but removed, and left it to Mr. Graham to become the first settler. He located in what is now the western part of the city of Cambridge. At the time he erected his cabin it was the only one between Wheeling and Zanesville. In 1800 he was joined by Mr. Beymer, from Somerset, Pa., and he and Mr. Graham kept a house of entertainment and a ferry for the accommodation of travelers on their way to the West. Travel followed the Zane trace — the pathway followed by Indian fighters under the leadership of John Wetzel—leading. from Wheeling, Va., to Chillicothe, Ohio. The route was traced by Ebenezer Zane. Among other early settlers who came in 1801, were Zacchetis Biggs, who made a part of the survey of public lands, now in Guernsey County; John Beatty, who purchased the tavern of the projectors in 1803; and George Metcalf, who helped in the survey made by Biggs. Jacob Gomber, whose daughter George Metcalf married, and who, by glowing descriptions of the land around Cambridge, persuaded others to come, was among the first. Jacob Gomber and Zaccheus Beatty purchased four thousand acres of land, on part of which Cambridge now stands. The survey was completed in 1804, and permanent settlements were made in various parts of the county soon after. These will be found duly recorded in connection with the history of the various townships. The survey of Cambridge was made in 1805, and the first house built on the town plat was occupied by John Beatty, father of Zaccheus, who was the first domiciled citizen of the new village. Zaccheus Beatty was granted the right to erect a toll-bridge over Wills Creek, which was built in 1806. His house was enlarged and made a place of public entertainment, called the Bridge House. It became a notable place, and later a more pretentious successor, under the management of Thomas Stewart, was the great tavern of early days tip to the completion of the National Road, when its glory faded away. The old hostelry stood until the advent of the iron horse, when it was torn down for the accommodation of the railway. In August, 1806, there came to this county three brothers, Thomas, John and Peter Sarchet, attended by Daniel Ferbrache, these being the first to come hither from the island of Guernsey. En route they saw posters announcing lots for sale in Cambridge. This fact led them to change somewhat their intention upon leaving Baltimore, and resulted in giving the name of their island- home to the county subsequently organized. Thomas purchased a couple of corner lots, and'John the three lots opposite. Upon. one of them, that of Thomas, the second cabin in Cambridge was erected, and in it all the Guernsey Islanders passed their first winter. In the following spring came James Richard, William Ogler, Thomas Noftel, Thomas Senferty and Daniel Ilubert,all heads of families; and Peter Corbet, Peter and John Torcade,Nicholas Podwin and John. Roban, young men; all from the island of Guernsey. These families went into camp until cabins were erected. During this year and the next came Jacob Gomber,Zaccheus Beatty, George Metcalf,Wyatt Hutch.; ison, George Tingle, Daniel Motter, Andrew Ferguson, Thomas and John McClary, Robert Bell and HISTORICAL - 517 William Hooks, with their families. With the Beatty family came the first colored man, named Tobey. The name Cambridge was bestowed upon the infant settlement after an old town in Maryland, whence came several families in 1808. The first store was opened by John and Thomas Sarchet. Its stock included everything needed by the pioneers, not forgetting the "real old stuff," which at the time was sold at three cents a drink. The first brick house was built by John Sarchet in 1808. The first sawmill was that of two Scotchmen, named Sandy and Miller. The first place of religious worship was the house of Thomas Sarchet, where the settlers from the island of Guernsey held what they called " French meeting." 'The services were held by William Ogler, an ordained minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Thomas Sarchet, an exhorter. From this nucleus sprang the Methodist Episcopal Church of Cambridge. The first church building erected was that of the Methodists in 1826. Prior thereto they occupied the first court house erected in the place. The first school was taught by John Beatty, a Virginian, in 1809-10. The second teacher was a sister of Beatty, named Sarah McClenahan; the third, John W. Kipp, author of the old "Kipp Speller." C. P. Beatty was the first regularly appointed Postmaster for Cambridge. A letter-box made by him has been in general use in the postoffice from its beginning. 'The postal route was from Wheeling to Zanesville, and was established about 1809. Letters were first carried by travelers passing through. The postal rate was high and depended upon the distance carried. If from Philadelphia or Washington, the rate was twenty-five or thirty-seven and one-half cents per letter. The first post-boy to carry mail from Cambridge to Zanesville was John Magiffen. He became 'a soldier in the. War of 1812, and is buried in the Cambridge Cemetery. The first case tried in Cambridge was that of Betty Pallet for stealing gold from the Sarchets and Ferbraches, taken during the absence of the heads 25 of the families and hidden in a spring. Betty was questioned as to whether she had been away, or any person had been about the cabin. She gave evasive answers, denying any knowledge of the money. She was guarded during the night, and in the morning a general search revealed the gold. After it was found Betty acknowledged taking and hiding it. There was no judicial officer nearer than Zanesville. A court. of citizens was called, Betty's confession was heard, and a verdict returned that she should be whipped and sent out of the neighborhood. Peter Sarchet was appointed to do the whipping. The first court house was built by Gomber & Beatty. The building was brick, two stories high, and forty feet square. Gomber & Beatty were the principal donators, although most of the citizens contributed. Lloyd Talbott superintended its construction. It was completed and occupied in August, 1813. July 9, 1810, Peter Wyrick, auctioneer, let the building of a public gaol to Andrew Marshall, the lowest bidder, at $500—the gaol to be of hewed logs, one story, with two cells, a criminal and debtors'; the building to be completed by the 1st of February. January 9, 1811, Andrew Marshall was allowed $124 to raise the gaol two stories high, $60 to be paid by the county, the remainder to be paid by subscription. The time was extended to April, 1811. The first session of court held in the court house was the August term of 1813. The Journal reads: "The Court of Common Pleas was held in the court house in Cimbridge, Guernsey County. Present, Hon. William Wilson, presiding Judge; Jacob Gomber, Robert Spears and Thomas B. Kirk, associate Judges. The grand jury empaneled were Elijah Beall, foreman; Stewart Spears, Jacob Tedrich, Eli Bingham, John Taylor, James Gilliland. Wyatt Hutchison, Ezekiel Vance, William John. ston, David Burt, Elisha Enoch and Thomas Mc Cleary." The first jury case called was the state of Ohio vs Samuel Timmons, indicted for tittering base coin. The following jury was called: JaMes Thompson, John Tidrich, James Bratton, William Pollock, William Allen, Hugh Martin, Jesse Marsh, Thomas 518 - HISTORICAL. Roberts, Andrew McCleary, George McCleary, John Huff and James Lloyd. Samuel Timmons was found guilty in two cases for the same offense, and was sentenced by the Court to receive in one case nineteen, and the other twenty, lashes on his bare back. He was publicly whipped by Elijah Dyson, Sheriff, at the whipping-post in the public square. A large number of people assembled to see the brutal enforcement of the law. Joshua Howard was the Prosecuting Attorney. The first court house completed cost the county the sum of $3,170,384 The eccentric Lorenzo Dow preached from a stump in the public square of Cambridge in 1810. He began by singing, "Hark! from the tombs a doleful sound, My ears attend the cry! Ye living men, come view the ground Where you must shortly lie." Then for a text: "What thou doest do quietly." Rev. Barton D. Holley was perhaps the first Baptist preacher to put in an appearance at. Cambridge. He gave his name to the ford of Wills Creek, close to where he lived. The first free school under law of 1835 was taught by Andrew Magee in the lodge room of the Masons. The first session of the Cambridge Academy began in September, 1888, and was taught by William Ellis, a Scotchman. Pupils remember him as having a. withered hand, withered by palsy. The first Presbyterian Church was erected in 1833. It remained for several years in an unfinished condition. The first Sunday-school was organized here in 1886, and was undenominational. Among the interesting reminiscences of the olden times, we cite that of Dixon Sugar Camp. One- season old Harvey was running the camp. He used for the back wall of his fire a large poplar tree, the kettles being suspended over the fire by the use of poles and forks. One morning. after Harvey had started up his fire and was busily engaged in gathering the sap, he was surprised to see a large black bear drinking his syrup from one of the kettles. The bear had taken up quarters in a log. He was disposed to take the camp, Harvey and all, and was for a time master of the situation, for Harvey returned to town as fast as he could. He reported to John Dixon that the bear had taken possession and was eating all the sugar and drinking the syrup. Dixon was an old hunter. He hurried on to the camp and shot bruin as he was standing up at one of the kettles, trying to get at the foaming syrup. Sol Kinney, an old colored man, made a record as a traveler in the '40s. He wanted to ride from Zanesville to Cambridge without paying the price of the passage. The driver wouldn't take him, whereupon he said he would beat the coach. Down the hills and stretches the coach-and-four held him close, but on the heavy up-grades Sol gained, and when the coach pulled up at the Hutchison House Sol was voting himself a go MILLWOOD TOWNSHIP. The first settlement in Millwood Township was made by Joseph Williams, who came. from New Jersey with a large family in 1804. He settled in what is now the northwest corner of the township, on the term occupied by his descendants. August 4, 1806, John Hall, of Wayne County, N. C., began work on the northeast quarter of section 13, Millwood Township. He settled on the site of the present residence of Eli Hall's family. Ever after he was intimately connected with the affairs of the community. Soon after John Webster and his brother-in-law, Henry Sidwell, came here from Lancaster County, Pa., on horseback, with a view to a. permanent residence. Mr. Sidwell entered three hundred and twenty acres of Congress land, and afterward settled on the part of it now known as the Flood Farm. John Webster, a carpenter by trade, came from Lancaster County, Pa., and entered eight hundred acres in Millwood Township, or eighty acres for each of his ten children, and moved here in the autumn of 1806. They built a large two-story hewed-log house, it being the first HISTORICAL - 519 house of more than one story in this part of the country. It stood about eighty rods east of the present railroad station at Quaker City, and was torn down to make way for the railroad. John Webster in 1807 turned his attention to the building of a grist and saw mill on Leatherwood Creek, a little above the railroad bridge south of Quaker City. This was finished the same fall, and was the first mill erected in the valley of Leatherwood, and probably in Guernsey County. It was a great blessing to the settlers in the community, for before this crop of corn, in 1807, they were compelled to go east of Barnesville for the corn, and then take it to Morristown, eighteen miles distant, to be ground in a mill run by horse power. Mr. Webster, who died soon after the completion of his mill, about eighteen months after coming to Ohio, left nine children, and was the founder of all the Webster families of this vicinity. He was the first person to die in this community, and was buried on his own farm, there being no burying-ground at that time. In the same year, 1806, Michael King, of Lancaster County, Pa., settled a little north of the present residence of Thomas Webster, on one hundred and sixty acres of land he had previously entered. The first improvement on the present site of Quaker City was made by Joseph Rogers, who came from Pennsylvania in 1811. February 8, 1847, the first charter was granted for a railroad in eastern Ohio, known as the Central Ohio Railroad, commencing at Columbus and extending eastward through Newark and Zanesville to the Ohio River. April 26, 1854, it was opened for travel to Cambridge, and on the. evening of August 26 the first locomotive ascended the Leather-wood Valley to the cut west of Millwood, now Quaker City, and, in addition to a partial load of iron and ties, unloaded several cars of togs upon the farm of John S. Smith, now owned by Thomas Webster. 'This was the first freight ever carried by railway in Millwood Township or the eastern half of Guernsey County. The early settlers of Millwood Township, with few exceptions, were members of the Society of Friends, and in 1812 a log meeting-house was built on their present location near Quaker City. Here a school was soon after established, probably in 1813, which was the first school taught between- Barnesville and Cambridge. The first teacher was Samuel King. He was succeeded by Joseph Garrettson, and afterward by William Mott. A term of three months was usually taught each winter. John Hall, upon coming to Millwood Township, began clearing for a house on the northeast quarter of section 13, and had the ground cleared and was ready to raise in four days. The first night he spent under a white oak tree near the building. In the summer of 1838 Dr. T. J. Romans taught a subscription school in a building which stood where W. H. Hartley & Sons' hardware store now stands. In September, 1838, he taught a school on the hill southeast of town, where the Friends' Meeting-house now stands. Thomas Dillehey was the first school teacher who was paid out of. public funds, in 1839. Among the early settlers of Millwood Township were Joseph Williams and family, who came from New Jersey about the year 1805. In their New Jersey home they lived neighbors to Joseph Bonaparte, a brother of Napoleon. Joseph Rogers, a brother-in-law of Michael King, moved from Nottingham, Md., and settled on the southwest quarter of section 20, township 9, it being the tract on which Quaker City now stands. He lived here for a number of years, and his father-in-law, Jacob Gatchel, was the first person buried in the Friends' Burying-ground at Richland Meeting-house. Michael King and family came to Ohio from Lancaster County, Pa., in the autumn of 1806, and settled on. section 20, Millwood Township, west of where Quaker City now stands. They were the parents of eight children. Isaac Copick came from Lancaster County, Pa., and settled north of Michael King. Henry Baily and family came to Ohio from North Carolina at an early period, and settled on section 1, Millwood Township. These families before mentioned comprised the first meeting of Friends in this part of the country, which took place about the year 1811. This meeting was held at' the home of John Hall for more than a year, and was the only place where people 520 - HISTORICAL assembled for worship in the whole neighborhood, so all the inhabitants for some distance around used to meet with the Friends for a social and religious time, and afterward there was a mid-week meeting established. Most of the meetings were held in silence, a living silence being thought preferable to an uncertain sound. The Friends hold themselves amenable to the civil laws of their country so far as those laws do not conflict with the rights of conscience or the known laws of God, written in the heart and manifested in the understanding. They believe that no statute or human law is, or should be, binding that has for its object the promotion of war, either offensive or defensive, or that imposes any military performance, such as training for or learning. the arts of war, or that assesses a fine instead thereof. So when the War of 1812 broke out, they refused to take a hand in the conflict, and consequently were subject to fines, and the depredations imposed upon these good and quiet people in the name of the law is almost too villainous for repetition. These tine-collectors were cold-blooded, hard-hearted villains. They collected fines and plundered in the name of the law, and appropriated the amounts to themselves. Charles Hammond, a shrewd lawyer of Belmont County, and also editor of the Belmont Journal, took up his pen in defense of the good Quakers, and proclaimed the villainy of these illegal collections. Elijah Dyson, Sheriff of Guernsey County, who during his first term of office had served with credit, became during his second term reckless both with his private affairs and in performance of his official duties. Although he had always been an apparent friend to the Quakers, and had often accepted their hospitality, he now joined their enemies, and by his superior knowledge, together with a natural cunning and treachery, soon worked incalculable injury to them. QUAKER CITY. In 1804 John Hall came with his father's family from Wayne County, N. C., and settled with them near what is now Barnesville, Belmont County. Two years later he entered the land about Spencer Station, just east of Quaker City, thus becoming the first who acquired a title to land in this part of Millwood Township. In October of the same year, John Webster settled himself in the valley of Leatherwood Creek, entering many acres of its fertile hills and bottom lands. The families of these two pioneers inter-married in one or two instances, and are both represented in the neighborhood of Quaker City. John Hall died May 22, 1852. Cyrus Hall was the first white child born in Millwood Township, and he was born May 31, 1808. A few other families joined the infant colony in what is now Millwood Township during the years from 1806 to 1818; and tradition has it that a log schoolhouse was built in 1810 by the roadside on what is now called Walnut Street, a street that has practically fallen into disuse, running parallel with Main Street, higher up on the hillside north of it. Here a school was taught in the approved style of those days, when discipline was enforced by the systematic application of the rod. No especial change seems to have taken place in the few following years up to 1818. Jonah Smith's father came from Loudoun County, Va. and settled near Barnesville, and some, time afterward entered one hundred and sixty acres of land on the present site of Quaker City, which he gave to his son. Jonah Smith took possession of his wilderness farm in 1818, or shortly previous, and built a log cabin in what is now the eastern suburb. This cabin has since been incorporated with the old house where the roads fork in the eastern part of the town, and has been disguised with a covering of boards, so that it passes for a one-story attachment to the main building. The fine spring of pure water just north of Main Street doubtless determined the location .pf the cabin. Mr. Smith gave the name of Millwood to his wilderness home in memory of his old Virginia residence. Early in the history of the place John Webster built a mill (1806 or 1807), which has long since disappeared. In the chronicles of the place, which are mostly traditional, the family of Noah Hartley is said to have joined the colony in 1827. This family, like the Smiths, Wcbsters, Halls and Doudnas, HISTORICAL - 521 still hold their own among the many. who have since crowded into the fertile valley. More population came and clustered about the place, until in 1834 Jonah Smith laid out the town of Millwood. The plat consisted of what is now Main and Pike Streets, Main Street running almost east and west, lapping over the point of the hill and hugging close to its steeper part, joined to what is now called Pike Street, in the lower ground to the west of the town. There seems. to have been a few log cabins scattered along East Main Street, but as yet the place gave no signs of future greatness. In 1831 the Friends had built a meeting-house on the low hill east of the town, which burned and was rebuilt in 1834. In 1835 the Methodists built a log church on Walnut Street, so that the place was provided with two places of worship, a schoolhouse and a. mill near by. In the same. year Dr. E. Williams built the first frame house, on East Main Street, and occupied it as a residence. Through his efforts, a postoffice was established here, in a small building still standing on East Main Street, and Jonah Smith was appointed Postmaster. To make sure that the Postmaster should have something to do, a weekly mail service was secured, and Dr. Williams subscribed for a Philadelphia weekly paper, which was the only one taken in the place. One, however, was suflicient, for the whole reading population. perused it carefully in turn. Meanwhile Mr. Smith. had built a more pretentious house at the forks of. the road, and afterward sold or rented it to James Pyles, who opened the first hotel in the place in 1837. Mr. Smith had also been elected Justice of the Peace, an office he held for fourteen years. The town seems to have taken a boom in 1837. A hotel had been opened and six additional houses built during the year. In 1839 Isaac W. Hall started a general store in a building erected for the purpose, a short distance west of where the bank now stands. He opened his store for business on election day, 1839. The population of the United States in 1840 was 17;068,666, but what portion of these resided in Millwood is not accurately known. It was probably much less than one hundred. The event of 1841. was the erection of a brick house by J. Rodgers. This is the house now occupied by B. I. Johnson. Here a Miss Sarah Beall opened the first millinery store in Millwood, in 1842. In 1844 came the fulling-mill and carding-machine, built by Thomas Moore. In 1845 came Richard English, the first blacksmith, who began business where the bank building now stands. and the same year came Dr. T. J. Romans. The population in 1845 was about one hundred and fifty. In 1848 James Cleves established the first saddler-shop. March 22, 1850, Millwood was incorporated, and by an act of the Legislature, April 12, 1871, the name was changed to Quaker City. Pennington Scott was elected first Mayor, and Thomas Moore was elected second Mayor. No record was left of the tom' officials from that time until the name of the town was changed, in 1871. In 1854 the building of the Eastern Ohio Railroad gave a stimulus to the place, but from 1855 to 1870 the town kept going back. The year 1870 witnessed the arrival of Alexander Cochran. He bought property and laid out what was known as "Cochran's Addition" or Broadway. The Christian Church erected a brick structure on Broadway in 1874, and Mr. Cochran built the Beecher House, a large three-story hotel building, in 1875, and also the large three-story frame building known as the Cochran Block, corner of South Street and Broadway. The first fair was held in 1871 and was a success. After two or three years of fairs, the town seemed to demand more room, so the fair grounds were laid out in town lots and Fair Street opened. The Mayors of recent years have been: W. H. Hartley, 1871; J. C. Steel, 1872; G. W. Arnold, 1873; J. B. Lydick, 1874 to 1884; L. J. Heskett, 1884 to 1886; and David Scott, 1886. The Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Masons, Grand Army of the Republic, Sons of Veterans, and Independent Order of Good Templars are the secret societies. THE CHURCHES. From the beginning this was a Quaker neighborhood. The Halls planted the church here in .the wilderness in the beginning of the century, and they still maintain a meeting-house near the city, and have a good society. The Methodists have been here from an early day. Their present build- 522 - HISTORICAL. ing, which was erected in 1871, was dedicated October 3 of that year, by Rev. J. C Pershing. It stands on the corner of Pike and Main Streets. The Christians have been here for a long time. In 1859 they had a building in the eastern suburbs of the town, which was dedicated by A. E. Myers, of Bethany, W. Va. This was abandoned in March, 1875, for the neat brick church on the corner of South Street and Broadway. THE SCHOOLS. The Quaker City schools are on a very high plane of excellence. Prof. W. H. Gregg is Principal, and is assisted by a thorough and painstaking corps of teachers. The new school building was erected in 1878, at a cost of $15,500. It contains six large rooms and stands at the corner of South and Fair Streets. The grounds are ample. THE NEWSPAPER. The Quaker City Independent was established in 1875 by J. D. Olmstead & Son. In 1882 it was bought by its present proprietors, J. W. & A. B. Bill, who were then the youngest newspaper firm in the state. It is especially devoted to the interests of the town, and under the management of the present owners it is prosperous and has become a permanent fixture. THE LEATHERWOOD GOD SUPERSTITION. The following is an account of the appearance and pretensions of Joseph C. Dylks in Guernsey County in 1828. Religious impostors have flourished in almost every portion of the historic period, and these religious cheats have always found ready subjects. Such an impostor was Joseph C. Dylks, whose advent, teachings, etc., are here truthfully rehearsed: In August, 1828, a camp-meeting was held on the land of one Casper Overley, two and a-half miles north of Salesville, in the vicinity of the Methodist Episcopal Chapel, called Miller's Meeting-house, under the auspices of the United Brethren Church. On Sunday the attendance was very large. .The Rev. John Crum, Presiding Elder, addressed the congregation at the afternoon service. He bad proceeded half-way in his discourse, and had the entire attention of his audience, when during a solemn silence a tremendous voice shouted, "Salvation!" followed instantly by a strange sound, likened by all who heard it to the snort of a frightened horse. The minister was taken by surprise and stopped preaching. All eyes were turned to the spot whence the sound seemed to proceed, and were fixed on a stranger of odd appearance seated about midway in the congregation. He sat steadfastly in his seat, with a countenance of marked solemnity, and totally unmoved by the excitement he had produced. That stranger was Joseph C. Dylks, the noted "Leatherwood God." The shout and snort of Dylks are described by every one who heard them as imparting to all within their sound both awe and fear. Some of the men jumped to their feet, women shrieked, and every cheek blanched. No one had seen him enter. Dylks appeared to be between forty-five and fifty years old, five feet eight inches tall, and as straight as an arrow, with large flashing eyes and a mass of hair that reached nearly to the middle of his back. His face was pale and tinged with melancholy. His acquaintance was sought by members of the congregation, and he visited much among them, and sometimes led at the meetings in the temple. In three weeks he .quietly made proselytes and then announced himself "God." Strange to say, so many believed that the Dylksites got possession of the temple. Religious fanaticism never spread faster, and even Rev. Samuel Davis and Rev. John Mason were led astray. Dylks' star, however, which had rushed to the zenith so rapidly, shortly began to wane. The unbelievers called for a miracle as evidence of his truth, but as none came they grew bolder, and as he had stated that no one could take a single hair from his head, he was knocked down by a party and a handful of hair removed. He was then taken before Esquire Omstot at Washington, but managed to escape and ran out of the Esquire's office and up the pike, followed by a shower of stones thrown by the angry mob. He was afterward concealed by some who believed him to be their "God," and, strange to say, proselytes were more numerous than ever. In October, however, he left with three of the better class of his converts on a journey to Philadelphia, whither he promised to bring down HISTORICAL - 523 from heaven the "Celestial City." When near Philadelphia he disappeared and they returned home. He was never seen afterward, but the Dylksites never lost their faith in him. LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP. The original proprietor of the township was Robert Wilkin, who emigrated from the North of Ireland in 1807, and settled on the present site of the town. The town, however, was not laid out until in August, 1815, when fifty-six lots were surveyed, with a ten-rod square in the center, called the "Diamond," which is not visible at the present day. Many of the settlers followed Mr. Wilkin from the North of Ireland, and then the town was laid out. They called it Londonderry, in honor of or for some fancied resemblance to the eity of that name in the Old Country. The township, which was organized June 3, 1816, is included in one of the seven ranges of land to which the Indian titles were extinguished by the treaty of Ft. Stanwix. October 27, 1784, and when the land office was opened at Steubenville. In 1801 the Government proceeded to open up these lands to entry and settlement. As emigrants from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Ireland and Scotland were flocking into the country in great numbers, and as the roads were of primary necessity, one was located and blazed from Steubenville to Zane's Crossing, which, as we know, struck Zane's Trail at Cambridge, forming the route of what has since become the Cambridge, Cadiz and Steubenville free turnpike. In 1801 Edward Carpenter, a son of John Carpenter, one of the pioneers who crossed the Ohio River in 1781 and built what was known as Carpenter's Fort, a short distance above where the town of Warrenton now stands, took a contract for cutting out eighteen miles of this rind, extending west from Big Stillwater to within seven or eight miles of Cambridge, for which he received the sum of $500. The road, as then opened, passed through the present site of Londonderry, to which Mr. Carpenter afterward removed in 1807 and entered the northeast quarter of section 26, which is still owned by his son, Edward Carpenter, who was born in. 1802, and was only five years of age when his father removed to the place, then an almost unbroken wilderness, abounding in wild game, especially deer, "bar," wolves and turkeys, which constituted their principal reliance for subsistence for some years afterward. Some. idea of the quantity of the game then found in the Stillwater hills and valleys may be formed from the fact that during the fall and winter of 1812 Mr. Carpenter killed thirty-five deer and his son George forty-four deer and one "bar." They were also very much annoyed by wolves, which were not only numerous, but troublesome, and as the Government paid a county of $4 for wolf scalps and the county $2, trapping for them was quite a business. The school facilities at that time were limited, hut about 1819 or 1820 they succeeded in employing Robert Jamison, an Irish schoolmaster, who taught the first school ever opened in Londonderry, and to the support of which Mr. Carpenter paid $36 a quarter, and Mr. Wilkin and others no doubt were equally as liberal. The fact that the characteristics of the first settlers often remain impressed upon communities for years is strongly exemplified in the history of Londonderry, and the industry, integrity, morality and rigid exactness of the Irish and Scotch Presbyterians have exerted an influence that is yet apparent in that community, and has no doubt contributed much to the temporal prosperity and religious character of the people. WHEELING TOWNSHIP. The township of Wheeling was organized September 5, 1810, and an election for two Justices of the Peace ordered to be held at the house of William Gibson Saturday, September 15, 1810. It was 524 - HISTORICAL. so named by Robert Atkinson, John Hedge, Paul Dewit and others, who had removed into the locality from the east side of the Ohio River, some miles above Wheeling. The township at its organization included the territory now forming Liberty Township, and the place of election was the old Gibson residence, on the east bank of Wills Creek, opposite the present village of Liberty. How long this continued cannot now be determined, as the Commissioners' journal does not show when Liberty Township was organized; but April 8, 1819, it was ordered that the south row of sections in the third township and third range be stricken off Wheeling Township and attached to Cambridge. The organization of Liberty must have taken place some time between the date last named and the 3d of December, 1822, as on the latter date it was ordered that the south row of sections in the fourth township and third range be stricken from Wheeling and attached to Liberty Township. The first settler was Robert Atkinson, who settled on section 21, but. somebody from Belmont County Ohio, entered the quarter-section before Atkinson, whereupon he moved across Wills Creek and located on a part of the same section. At this time his only neighbor was a man by the name of Bird, who. had located at the big spring where John Booth afterward lived, and where he had built a shanty and cleared off a small piece of ground; this was eight miles distant and is across the line in Tuscarawas County. This man. Bird bad no family and less principle, as the sequel well shows. Atkinson's wife died while thus living, and Bird and some Indians living in huts along the creek bottom helped him to bury her; and then Atkinson got Bird to take care of his property while be went back to Virginia for another wife. During his absence Bird took a canoe which Atkinson kept in the small creek, filled it with the most valuable goods taken from Atkin-son's cabin, then passed down the stream into Wills Creek, thence into the Muskingum River and disappeared, never being heard of after passing Zanesville. Hence the stream. is called Bird's Run to this day. In 1806 William Gibson settled on Wills Creek, three miles above. In 1807 came Philip Shoff, from Maryland, Edward Wilson and Joseph Cowgill from Belmont County, also seven families from Yellow Creek, in Jefferson County, namely, William Maple, Thomas Dennis and Thomas Fuller and his fonr sons, and the settlement was called Fullerton for many years. In 1810 three families came from Virginia, as follows: Paul Dewitt, who settled on section 19; John Hedge on section 11, and Abraham Furney on section 9. At this time the eastern end of the township was a dense wilderness. A number of Indians hunted and fished along the streams and lived in huts. They left about the time of the breaking out of the War of 1812, when they became fearful of the whites. In 1814 the settlements were but few, and, with the exceptions already named, were confined to the valleys along Wills Creek and Bird's Run, and consisted of the Atkinsons, Hedges, Fullers, Furneys and others. One of the early weddings was that of John Gibson and Hannah Douglass in 1815. Until 1815 or 1816 land could not be taken up in less than quarter-sections, but about that time it was surveyed into half and half-quarter sections, when settlements began to be made along the ridges. The first school established in the township was near to what is now Bridgeville. The next was known as Bell's, on the ridge near where an old graveyard may now be seen. The first church organization in the township was by the Baptists in 1820. It was near Bridgeville, and the first preachers were Rev. John Meek and Rev. William Spencer, from somewhere on the. Muskingum River. OXFORD TOWNSHIP. Oxford Township was organized in 1810, but there is no record until 1813. The following is a verbatim copy of the first entry: • "At a township meatin held on the 5th of April, 1813, in Oxford township, guernsey county, state of Ohio, at the house of David Wherrys, for the HISTORICAL - 525 purpose of Election the several township officers as follows; Namely Justises of the peas 2, Thomas Henderson, John Kennin; clerk, Samuel Dillon; Trustees, Michael King, William Dillon, Enoch Marsh; supervisors, Enoch Marsh, Henry Cleary, Elijah Bell, William Scroggan,James McCoy; fence Viewers, John and long Tom Henderson; Overseers of the poor, Jacob Gitshell, William Henderson; Treasurer, David Wherry. " The Supervisors, Trustees, Clerk, Treasurer, fence Viewers and Overseers of the poor Met on the 10th day of april and were severely sworn into there Respective offices a Cording to law. "Samuel Dillon, Clk." When Benjamin Borton emigrated to this township from New Jersey in 1804 and settled on the line of the old Wheeling Road, leading from Wheeling to Zanesville, said road having previously been marked out by Colonel Zane, he noticed that pennyroyal, for which this township is particularly noted, being of a spontaneous growth, soon made its appearance upon the newly cleared lands. Mr. Borton, having learned .the art of distilling it in New Jersey, commenced the art here, and his sons, grandsons and great-grandsons have kept it up ever since. Middletown was laid out in 1827 by Benjamin Masters, and was so named because it was midway between Wheeling and Zanesville. Benjamin Masters as early as 1805 built a horse-mill near where Middletown now stands, and in 1810 built a water-mill. About the same time salt-works were erected at Seneca. When Oxford Township was organized there were not enough men in it to fill the offices. It was soon settled by soldiers of the War of 1812. The Second Regiment of the War of 1812 was made up in this region, the Second Regiment in the War of 1846 was filled from here, and the Second Regiment in the last war had many from this neighborhood. Fairview was laid out in 1814. James Gilliland was the original proprietor. In 1845 it was incorporated. The first schoolhouse in the township was built on section 3, in 1814.. The first church was built in Fairview in 1816, and it was a union church. John Kennon came here in 1806. His son James was the first white child born in the township, his birth occurring in 1806. Early settlers were: John Kinnon and family, 1806; Benjamin Giffee, Sr., 1816; William Morton, Sr.. 1816; William Smith and Joseph M. Morrill, 1818; Joseph Ferrell, 1815; Edward Morton, 1821; Andrew Scott, 1829; Moses Morton, 1825; Benjamin Penn, 1829; William Henderson Sr., 1806; David Wherry, 1801 (the first settler in the township); Benjamin Borton and Benjamin Masters, 1804; Christian Wine, Ezekiel Vance, Thomas B. Kirkpatrick, John Burnett, Jacob Getchell, John Cranston, William Cochran, Samuel Marlow, James Gilliland, William Orr, James Hail, John Ables and Philip Rosemond. The early elections in the township were held at the house of A. D. Taylor. David Wherry named the township Oxford.   LIBERTY TOWNSHIP. The village of Kimbolton was founded by John Gibson in 1829. The first settlers in Liberty Township were William Gibson, John Philipps and a Mr. Harper, who came to the county in 1806, via an Indian trail. Following is the language of William Gibson: We began to keep house in a shanty at the upper end of Liberty. We soon got a cabin; that was better." Naphthali Luccock settled in Liberty in 1831, and when the people petitioned for a postoffice they were notified that no more poetofilces named Liberty, as the village was then called, would be allowed in the state of Ohio. Mr. Luccock therefore suggested the name Kimbolton (after his native Kimbolton in England), and by mutual consent it was adopted, and the postoffice was granted. The name of the village remained nnchanged, however, until the advent of the Cleveland & Marietta Railroad, but is now known as Kimbolton. The first merchant in the village was a Mr. Shannon, who was succeeded by N. Luccock, who continued the business until 1853, when he was succeeded by his son. 526 - HISTORICAL Naphthali Luc cock was the first Postmaster, and also the first Justice of the Peace. The township of Liberty was organized in 1820. The first teacher in the township was a New England man named Austin Hunt, who believed in the rod as a necessary instrument of persuasion and enlightenment. But to better illustrate the ideas of our pioneer teachers we quote the language of the venerable James Gibson, of Kimbolton: "I went to keeping school, and kept school here in Liberty. Some of the boys from over the creek began to run off and stay around the creek and hunt mussels and crawfish. I found it out and brought them up and gave them a tannin'. They went home and told their folks I had whipped them. The next day their fathers rode up to the schoolhouse, called me to the door and said they had come to give me a tannin' for whipping their boys. I replied: 'What color are you going to tan me ? If you have any business you can attend to it, but if you come into this schoolhouse I will do the tannin'." There was no tannin' done. I think a good tannin' never huh a boy when he needed it." JACKSON TOWNSHIP. In Jackson Township are combined the elements of agricultural and mineral wealth. Extensive valleys hemmed in by hills full of coal abound. BYESVILLE. Jonathan Bye, after whom Byesville was named, was of Quaker parentage and proprietor of Byesville. He built there the flouring-mill, long known as Bye's Mill, and operated a country store. In his milling business he built many flat and keel boats, and boated down Wills Creek his surplus flour to southern markets on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. He also built boats that were used on. the Ohio Canal. One of these, the "Maria Bye," named after a daughter, did service a long time on the "raging canal." Jonathan Bye left Guernsey County in the '50s, and located in Sterling, Whiteside County, Ill., where he built extensive mills, which proved a financial failure, resulting in a. wreck RICHLAND TOWNSHIP. We are indebted to Robert Thompson, now a resident of Greenwood, for many bits of information relative to early days. Mr. Thompson was born September 24, 1808, in Fayette County, Pa., and came to the vicinity of Senecaville with his parents' family in the spring of 1811, and he has 'lived within a short distance of the place of first settlement ever since. At the date last mentioned there were only two or three log cabins on the present site of Senecaville. David Satterthwaite and William Thompson, Robert's uncle, were perhaps the first settlers. Satterthwaite owned a great many acres of land in this region. Ephraim Dilly was also a very early settler. James Richardson was proprietor of the first tavern here. Abram Dilly was the first blacksmith. The first church in Senecaville was the Presbyterian, which stood in the cemetery at the north end of town. The first store stood on the lot, where the Methodist Church now stands. The first building used as a schoolhouse stood on what is now the street between Brown's store and the new store of Campbell & Co. It was built of logs and was about twenty feet square. The first building erected for school purposes stood on what is now the cemetery at the north end of the town. Robert Thompson says in the Richland Monitor of May 18, 1886: "Senecaville was laid out in 1814 or 1815, and in 1816, when his father moved to town, its streets were lined with stumps and brush. He said there was a salt spring on the edge of the creek near the Greenwood bridge, from the water of which his brother William made salt at a furnace containing about thirty-six kettles, which he leased from the owners. It does not seem that at that time there was any other salt furnace on this side of the Ohio River. People came from distant points and conveyed it away. It sold at from $2.50 to $3 per bushel. These works consumed a considerable quantity of wood, and furnished employment to many choppers, salt-boilers and others, and were HISTORICAL - 527 the principal, if not the only, manufacturing feature of the village. "Many rough characters were in the community then,and election day was a favorite time to settle grudges and animosities. The couple bent on punishing one another would get toned up by drinking whiskey, choose seconds, throw off their outer clothing, and go into the conflict. The battle was ended when one of the men cried "enough," or, if he was not able to do so, when his second did.; then the foes, having had satisfaction, took a drink together, and got down to chat. "When a farmer sold stock he had to deliver it, the nearest points being Barnesville and Washington, and to those places one had to go for farm implements and some articles of household use. I once took a horse and went to Barnesville, and slid a plow home, the point being covered with a wooden shield. "Coffee then was fifty cents a pound, but it was only used when the preacher called and on other notable occasions. A pound might last six months. Pork was worth $1.25 to $150 a hundred, and calico was twenty-five to thirty-seven and one-half cents per yard. "As there was no communication by rail, the produce collected was taken to Baltimore in huge covered wagons drawn by six horses. The journey took about three weeks each way." Mr. Thompson's father, Robert, came to Ohio in 1811, and settled in the vicinity of this town. SENECAVILLE Owes its name to causes that were working long before this part of the Union was settled. Ages before petroleum became known to the white race by that name, it was in use among. the Seneca Indians who occupied a portion of the present state of New York, and of the famous oil belt of Pennsylvania. This oil rose to the surface of springs and creeks, and was used by the redmen as a cure for rheumatism, burns, sprains and many other ailments. Through the Indians it became known to the white settlers, and by them was called from the name of the Indians Seneca Oil, and it became as popular among the people of civilization as it was among the children of the forest, and large quantities of it were sold in small bottles at prices that now would buy barrels. Explorers and early settlers found this oil in a spring and the waters of the creek into which it discharged and, recognizing the substance, promptly named this branch of Wills Creek Seneca Creek, on account of its oleaginous feature. Later, when a town was built on this creek and in the immediate vicinity of the famous spring, it took the name of Senecaville. Senecaville was laid out in September, 1814. In the fall of 1815 William Thompson went to Philadelphia on horseback, and purchased some dry goods and groceries, paying $11 per hundred for carriage. This was the first store in the township. While there he employed Isaac Woodard, a lame man, to teach school for twelve months. William Thompson and Robert Thompson agreed to pay the teacher in full for his services. The salt works were now running, and as the fuel used was wood it required a number of men to chop wood and boil the salt water, the works running day and night. The children of these men and those of the few neighbors around the village made quite a respectable little school. The men were told to send all their children and it would not cost them a cent. Joseph Dilley and Abraham Dilley having large families, had small means to send their children to school, but said they were unwilling that two men should pay the teacher, and in time they would (and did) pay A small sum. This may he called the first free school of which we have any knowledge. Following is a copy of a document now in the possession of Mrs. John R. Finley that brings forcibly to mind the state of affairs sixty-five years ago, and the great changes since that time. The paper, now stained by age and time-worn, is an unruled leaf from a record book, and is written in a clerkly hand. It was found among the papers of William Thompson after his death. The first page reads as follows: "Records of the Senecaville Colonization Society of Guernsey County, Ohio; Auxiliary to the American Colonization Society of Washington. "Pursuant to public notice a number of the citizens of Senecaville and its vicinity in the county of Guernsey and state of Ohio convened at 528 - HISTORICAL the Presbyterian meeting-house in Senecaville, July 6, 1829. "The meeting was organized and chose Rev. William C. Kiel President for the time being, and the Rev. Daniel Pettay Secretary pro tem. and Dr. David Frame Treasurer pro tem. "The object of the meeting being stated by the President, William Thompson, Esq., arose and presented a constitution for the society, which was adopted with amendments: "Resolved, That there be a committee of three members appointed to draft rules for the government of the society and to make report at the next meeting of said society." (William Thompson, Esq., David Satterthwaite, Esq., and Dr. David Frame were dnly appointed.) "Resolved, That the constitution of the society be deposited in the hands of the Treasurer to receive members. "Resolved, That the Chairman pro tem. deliver an address at our next meeting. "Resolved, That the meeting adjourn until four o'clock, P. M., on Monday, the 3d day of August next. [Signed] "DANIEL PETTAY, Secretary pro tem. "WILLIAM G. KIEL, Chairman pro tem." Out of the Colonization Society grew the organization known as the "Undergound Railroad," by which the Abolitionists helped many of the slaves to liberty. The home of Dr. Baldridge was a depot on this line, and many a slave found lodgment and comfort there while on his way to Canada and liberty. Among the most prominent Abolitionists of this place during the thirty years following were Rev. William C. Keil, who left Virginia, his native state, on account of his hatred of slavery; Dr. John Baldridge, Dr. David Frame, Dr. Noah Hill and Judge William Thompson. HISTORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF SENECAVILLE "From the History of the Presbytery of St. Clairsville in the Synod of Ohio," kindly furnished by Daniel Riggs. In 1810, this church was organized by Rev. John Boyd, whose. labors were divided between Leatherwood and Seneca; continuing one year. After a vacancy of four years a call was accepted by Rev. James Smith in 1815, who gave all his services to the same field. His death occurred in 1819. Rev. Thomas B. Clark was the next pastor, beginning his labors in 1821, and remaining nine years. The church remained vacant a number of years, during which time a great revival took place. But without a pastor the people became scattered, and a Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized which almost absorbed the former church, and laid claim to the property and held it two years. In 1835 Rev. David Polk came to this field, and during the two and one-half years of his labors the scattered congregation was brought together, the church property recovered and much gold done. Rev. John Arthur supplied the pulpit eighteen months, and after a short vacancy the Rev. John E. Alexander became pastor in 1842, and continued until 1853. Dnring this time there were steady growth and increase of strength in the congregation. Rev. William. Ferguson accepted a call to this church in 1854, and gave to them one-fourth of his time until 1862, after which he devoted all of his time to the church of Washington. During his ministry a new house of worship was erected, and precious revivals were experienced. At the expiration of the pastorate of Mr. Ferguson the relationship between Senecaville and Washington which had existed from' the first was dissolved and a new one formed with the church of Beulah, at Claysville. Rev. W. R. Miller took charge of this field, dividing his time equally between them until. he resigned in 1867. Rev. C. W. Court, wright became pastor in 1868, and resigned in the year 1870. In May,1874, Rev. it B. Porter was installed, and continued the pastor of this church and Beulah until 1876. After the resignation of Mr. Porter the old. relationship with Washington was re-established, and Rev. A. G. Eagleson, pastor of the church of Washington, supplied this church two years. In 1879 Rev. J. P. Stafford, D. D., began his labors as stated supply, and continued one and a-half years. Rev. Dr. Miller also supplied for a brief time. In 1883 Rev. Newton Donaldson, pastor of the church at Washington, became HISTORICAL - 529 pastor at Senecaville, and continued in this relation nearly five years. Shortly after his coming, a new church was organized at Lore City, composed of members from both Senecaville and Washington. These three churches constituted the charge of Mr. Donaldson, and his ministry there was very successful. Rev. Charles McCracken succeeded Mr. Donaldson and continued the work three years. Following this was a year in which the church had no pastor. Then Rev. Mr. McMaster became pastor here, and has served in that capacity for three years. The Lutheran Church of Senecaville was fonnded in 1827 by Rev. William G. Keil, born at Strasburg, Va., August 7, 1799, and died January 18, 1892, at Senecaville, Ohio. He was a preacher for many years, and his labors were spread over a large territory in southeastern Ohio. Among the well known old settlers who were constituent or early members of the organization were Judge David Tullis, James Gordon, Joseph Riggs, Conrad Shafer, John Wiley, James Thompson, Madison Thompson, William Lowry and Charles Steward. Mr. Keil preached nearly forty years here, but during the last twenty-two years of his life age and affliction (rheumatism) rendered it impossible for him to carry on active work. The church is not strong, and since Mr. Keil's active labors ceased it has not flourished. The greatest religious revival in 'this place was conducted by Rev. Luke De Witt and occurred in the winter of 1833-34, many prominent citizens becoming converts. The first white child born in Richland Township is said to have been Edward Ward. The first Class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church was probably Benjamin Rogers, a blacksmith. WILLS TOWNSHIP. WASHINGTON. This enterprising village is near the center of the county, and is situated upon the National Pike, about eight miles east of Cambridge. Its nearest railroad station is Morgan Junction, distant about four miles, but a new road noticed elsewhere, it is hoped, will brighten the future and give to this place the prestige it once enjoyed as one of the leading towns of the county. It has a population of about six hundred, and is among the most wealthy towns of the. county. It has many fine and substantial private residences, a town hall and benevolent societies. It has a good brick school building, two stories in height, giving employment to four teachers. The officers of the town are S. B. Clemens, Mayor; Alfred Skinner, Jr., Marshal; D. E. Patterson, Treasurer; James Mason, Clerk. A LOST TOWN. The first town ever laid out in what is now Guernsey County was located on the Lane Trace, five miles east of Washington, on the northwest half of section 19, township 2, range 1. The proprietor, Joseph Smith, called the town, Frankford, but the records of Muskingum County, to which the lands at that time belonged, show that the plat of a town called Frankby or Frankley was received for record September 13, 1805; this makes the place twenty-three days older than Washington. Who Joseph Smith was, where he came from or when, he settled there is not known. There being no record of the patent, it can not now be told whether he entered the tract, but he evidently had some expectations that his town would have a future, for lot No. 5 was reserved for a court house, No. 13 for a gaol, and "north spring on lot 29 for the free use of the public, and all the commons on the south side of the same." But Smith's expectations were never realized. The liberal terms offered did not form much attraction for settlers. The first cabin erected became a tavern, and whiskey was so cheap that the advantages of a free spring were not duly appreciated, and there was so much unoccupied land that even the cows paid little regard to the commons, and wandered at will. Smith, however, got what he never intended, the name, as the place was always known as Smithtown. But that was about all there was in it, for as late as 1807 a traveler by the name of Cummings, who kept a journal, says therein: "August 8. The stage being only to go fifteen miles, I left Cambridge on 530 - HISTORICAL foot; the first five miles were excellent road, over a long, but not very high, range of hills, without a house, to Beymerstown-twelve cabins, four being taverns, and one blacksmith shop. Four and one-half miles further no inhabitants; the road is still good, but is leading over several high, short and steep ridges, which generally run from north to south. Then passing a cabin and farm, in half a mile I came to Frankford or Smithtown, where I breakfasted. This is a small village or hamlet of eight or ten houses and cabins, some of which, as well as several in the neighborhood, are inhabited by families from Peekskill, N. Y." March 5, 1807, Smith and wife conveyed lot No. 20 to John D. Seiman; and again in 1815 conveyed to Henry Gilbert, of Belmont County, lots 34 and 60, the consideration being $27.50. February 2, 1819, they conveyed to William Viers lots 41 and 56, the consideration being $41.50. In 1800 or 1810 Andrew Moore, of New Castle, DeL, became a resident of the town and the proprietor of the tavern, which became somewhat noted as a place of entertainment for travelers, and it was to this place that Gcn. Robert B. Moore, in 1819, having married a daughter of Jacob Gomber, took his bride to her new home, a large company of young friends from Cambridge accompanying them on horseback. Mrs. Colonel Bushfield was the only member of those two prominent and well remembered families now surviving when this was written by William M. Farrar. April 4, 1810, Andrew Moore gave to Charles Hammond and Samuel Spriggs a mortgage "on my house, stable and lots in the town of Frankford." June 17, 1814, Smith and wife, in consideration of $2,000, conveyed to Jacob Gomber a quarter-section, upon which the town was laid out, and also lots 49, 35, 16 and south half of lots 29, 12 and 4. August 10, 1819, Jacob Gomber conveyed the same to Andrew and Robert Moore for $2,000. Upon the death of Andrew Moore his administrators, under an order of court made at the June term of 1837, sold the land and lots 4,12,16 and 45 to William Moore, who, in August, 1838, sold the same to Gilbert Stewart for $2,200; and Stewart conveyed the same, together with lots 36, 44, 52, 43, 57, 53, 17, 18, 33, 34, 37, 49, 54, 20, 27, 28, 29 and 19, to Joseph S. Kugler, who, after having secured title to the remaining town lots, filed an application to have the town vacated, and at the October term, 1846, obtained an order to that effect; and thereupon the original town of Guernsey County ceased to exist. Its once noted hostelry, that fed and rested many a traveler, has disappeared; its streets and alleys have been converted into cow pasture, and its court house and gaol sites appropriated to the growing of corn and potatoes. LORE CITY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Lore City is midway between Washington and Senecaville. With the growing population that gathered at that point, a demand came for the preaching of the Gospel, and for the building of a house of worship. A beautifnl little church was erected by the liberality of the people in the neighboring congregations, and an organization was effected June 6, 1884, with forty-seven members. These came, for the most part, by dismissals from the churches of Washington and Senecaville. The Elders at the organization were: thigh Brown, J. B. Laughlin and J. A. Sproat. November 23, 1884, John Frame and Daniel Watson were or;. dained and installed as members of the session. This church has been connected with the pastoral charge of Washington and Senecaville, and enjoyed the pastoral labors of Revs. Newton Donaldson, C. R. McCracken and H. H. McMasters, C. R.McCracken succeeding H. H. McMasters since April, 1892. Elders are: John Frame, Daniel Watson, C. A. Sproat and C. C. Laughlin. WASHINGTON PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The town of Washington was laid out in 1805. 'The early settlers were of Scotch-Irish descent, and not only a religious people, but of Presbyterian stock. At first the village hotel afforded a meeting-place where religious services could be held, and traveling ministers were secured as often as possible to officiate. The first house of worship was erected in 1812, and was a small log house bnilt by the people. It stood outside of the village, near the old graveyard. To this small and inconvenient house an addition was built ten years afterward to accommodate the growing congregation. In 1827 a new house of brick was built HISTORICAL - 531 in the town, which, being almost destroyed by a wind storm in 1834, was re-built and enlarged, and served the congregation until 1860. The present excellent house was finished and dedicated in 1861, and for some years was one of the best church edifices in this or the adjoining counties. The church was organized in 1811, under the name of Leatherwood, which was changed to Washington in 1822. The organization was effected through the labors of the Rev. John Boyd, who preached to the people in this place about one year. Supplies were sent by the Presbytery for some time after this and in 1815 Rev. James Smith was called to the joint pastorate of Leatherwood and Senecaville, and was ordained and installed in August of the same year. His ministry continued four years, when his death occurred, April 19, 1819. After his death the church was withont the stated means of grace for eighteen months. Then Rev. Thomas B. Clark came, and after supplying the church six months was called and installed, in 1821, over the united charges of Leatherwood, Senecaville and Little Buffalo. During his ministry the name of the church was changed to Washington. His labors ceased here in April, 1831, and he removed to Logan County. After two years of occasional supply Rev. Joseph Reed became the stated supply, and remained four years. The next pastor was Rev. David Polk, who was installed in April, 1837, and remained only one year. Rev. Samuel Hair next became pastor, in 1838, and remained four years. His ministry was greatly blessed, and in one revival eighty persons professed religion. Rev. John E. Alexander became pastor of Washington Church in 1842, and after a successful ministry of eleven years was dismissed, in 1853, on account of bronchial affection. He then took charge of the Miller Academy, a Presbyterian institution established in Washington in 1849, and held the position of Principal ten years, when, on account of the Civil War then raging, the students were scattered and the academy was finally closed. It was during his ministry, in 1850, that a Free Presbyterian Church was organized, which drew off many valuable members. After slavery was abolished, that church was disbanded and its members returned to the Presbyterian Church. In 1854 Rev. William. M. Ferguson became pastor of Washington and Senecaville. After serving. the united churches about eight years, he gave his entire time to the church of Washington. His ministry closed here in June, 1874, that he might accept the position of Chaplain of the Ohio State Prison in Columbus. His was the longest pastorate the church ever enjoyed, and during that time its highest state of prosperity was reached. he was a bold and earnest preacher of the Gospel, and his ministry was greatly blessed in the salvation of men. During his ministry new churches were built both in Washington and Senecaville. In December, 1874, Rev. A. G. Eagleson, pastor of the Third Presbyterian Church of Wheeling, came before the church on their invitation and held a communion. During the winter he preached again in a series of meetings, after which he received and accepted a call to become their pastor. His installation took place June 15, 1875, and the relation was dissolved November 12, 1879. A part of this time he supplied the church of Senecaville. After his resignation the .church had only irregular supplies for a considerable length of time. Rev. Newton Donaldson, then a student in the Western Theological Seminary, came as a candidate before the church in the fall of 1882. A call was soon made for his services, which was accepted, and at the close of the seminary year he entered regularly upon his labors. He was ordained and installed June 1, 1883. One year previous to this the. church of Lore City was organized at Campbell's Station, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, composed mainly of members from Washington and Senecaville. Rev. Mr. Donaldson took charge of the three chnrches of Washington, Lore City and Senecaville. He was greatly prospered in this field of labor, and spent nearly five years in very earnest work. His dismissal took place Novcmber 1, 1887, and he removed to Bellevue Church, in the Presbytery of Alleghany. In 1888 Rev. C. R. McCracken was called to the service of this church, and faithfully discharged his duties until 1892, when he was succeeded by Rev. H. H. McMasters, whose term of service began in April of that year. Rev. Mr. McMasters has served the church efficiently and faithfully. 532 - HISTORICAL. This church has experienced many great revivals of religion, the most notable of which were in 1839, under the ministry of Rev. Samuel Hair; in 1858, and again in 1868, under the ministry of Rev. William M. Ferguson; and in 1885, during the ministry of Rev. Newton Donaldson. At these times large accessions were made to the membership, and a great impetus given to the cause of religion. WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. William Scott was the first Justice of the Peace, and also the first Township Clerk. He afterwards was a State Senator. There has never been a postoffice or town in this township. Some get their mail in Antrim, others at Birmingham or West Chester in this county, and some even go to Freeport, Harrison County. The first settler here was Levi Williams, father of John Williams, who is now the oldest man living born in this county. Robert Carnes was the second and James Anderson the third settler. In 1815 and 1816 quite a number of families came, and when the township was organized eighteen votes were polled. Thomas Hanna received seventeen votes at the first election for Representative to the Legislature. There are two sawmills and two gristmills here, also a United Brethren and a Protestant Methodist Church. The first religious society organized here was under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at the house of Moses Hindes in 1816. Levi Williams, in 1796, located where Washington now stands, and did the first clearing in Wills Township. In 1800 he moved to what is now Washington Township. He was a .great hunter, and was First Lieutenant in the Indian War under Wayne, and also under General Harrison$ in 1812. His son John was born here, March 8, 1806. It appears that besides Graham and Williams, a John Mahoney is also claimed to have been the first settler in the county. It is probable that these three arrived at or about the same time. JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. This township is located in the United States Military District of lands directed to be sold at Zanesville; designated as township 3, of range 2— that is township 3 north, numbering from the south side of the Military District, and range 2 west, numbering from the seventh range on the east side of the Military District. It is five miles square and divided into quarters. The township is divided into sections, numbering from one to twenty-five, and commencing in the northeast corner, thence west, then east and back and forth, ending in the southwest corner with section twenty-five. The township has four school districts, under the control of the Board of Education, and one special district authorized by the Legislature. The main streams are the Salt Fork of Wills Creek, meandering across the south side and receiving the Brushy Fork and other branches from the north. The Sugar-tree runs across the north side and receives the Clear Brook, Rocky Fork and other streamlets. There are three grist and saw mills. on the Salt Fork, and one on the Sugartree. The first settlers were William Lautz and Martin Stull, who emigrated from Greene County, Pa., in 1805, and located, Stull on lots 14 and 15, and Lautz on lots 1 and 2. Stull died soon after. John Tidrick, from the same county, settled on lot 3. William Allen located on lot 28, and owned seven hundred and fifty acres. He came here in 1806, and later married Mr. Stull's widow. He was born in Yorkshire, England, in 1771. The Aliens raised a large family. He was a Trustee in 1815, when Madison and Jefferson constituted one township, and after the division was frequently elected to the office of Trustee. He died in 1845. Rev. John Graham in 1824 organized a Methodist Episcopal society, with eight members. They met in Mr. Allen's house for sixteen years. William Northgrave was Leader. In 1839 they built a church on Mr. Allen's land. It was the first religious organization and the first church built in the township. Jonathan Stiles, of English descent, came here in 1806, and located on the southeast quarter of HISTORICAL - 533 section 17, third quarter township. His fourteen children grew up here, and three sons and one daughter yet remain. In 1809 his relatives, Henry Stull and George Lautz, came with their families. Thirty-five years later they moved further west. Adam Linn, in 1809, built a house on the Steubenville Road, on lot 18, quarter-section 4, and kept tavern there. His son Joseph settled on lot 17, but sold to Thomas Brown. In 1813 another son, George, settled on lot 20, and in 1814 built a grist and saw mill on Salt Fork. He owned six hundred acres. and was a Justice of the Peace and a member of the United Presbyterian Church. His sons and daughters now own the land. In 1809 Peter Wirick settled on lot 33, which the nieces of William Bates now own. In 1809 also came Abraham Mathews, who settled on lot 6, quarter-township 4, which William A. Parker now owns. In the same year John Baird, with eight sons and six daughters, located on the southeast quarter of section 24, on the Salt Fork. In 1812 John Lake settled on lot 12, fourth quarter, and was a constable in 1815. In 1815 John McCullough settled on section 5, and built a sawmill. Andrew Clark erected a grist and saw mill near Sugar-tree Fork Postoffice. In 1818 James Wilson settled on lot 34, which he bought from James Waddle. He was a blacksmith for many years. In 1819 Richard Connell located on section 25. In 1820 Thomas Whitehill and son, Thomas, from. Scotland, located on section 6, which B. K. Gillespie now owns. In 1818 Samuel Pattison, from Ohio County, Va., located on section 16, where John. M. Clark now lives. James Willis, of Ireland, in 1820 located on section 2, and in 1846 sold it to George Beal, who has since frequently been a Trustee of the township. In 1821 Isaac Lanning settled on section 3. In 1818 Thomas F. Baird settled on section 3, and was elected Justice of the Peace in 1830. His second wife now owns the farm. In 1818 came also William Northgrave, who moved on section 2. He was an active leader in the Allen Church. 26 John Speers and family, from Ireland, located early on part of section 13. His son John, an octogenarian, lives there now. The first regular election held for township officers was that of April 7, 1817, when Nathan Kimball was chosen Chairman, William Allen and George Beal Judges and George Linn Clerk. The election resulted as follows: George Linn, Township Clerk; William Allen, William Lautz, George Beal, Trustees; John Tetrick, Treasurer; Henry Stull, James Strain, Supervisors; James Warnock, Lawrence Tetrick, Overseers of the Poor; John Tetrick, Newman Mathews, Fence Viewers; John Armstrong, Appraiser of Property; Abraham Armstrong, Lister; Thomas Baird, Jacob Lanning, Constables. July 19, 1817, the Trustees levied a tax of $20.90, which was appropriated to the use of the public roads in the township. At this early day most of the settlers belonged to some branch of the Presbyterian Church, hut no church was erected because each settler insisted on worshiping as he had been accustomed; therefore they worshiped in churches outside of the township, many in the Union Church at Washington, in Wills Township. This was the Associate Reformed Church. Some were members of the Presbyterian organization southeast of Washington. At an early day Rev. Alexander McCoy. who, with Rev. Robert Warwick, founded the Reformed Dissenting Presbyterian Church. January 27, 1801, came here and preached at the ;!;‘,1:-t, of James Bratton, five miles east of on the Steubenville Road. The Dissenters then organized the Wills Creek congregation of the Reformed Dissenting Presbytery. They erected a tent in a grove near Thomas Armstrong's, which had seating capacity for a large audience. They also built a large log cabin, with two chimneys for use in winter, and afterwards erected a frame church near Miller's Mill, in Liberty Township. There services were held until September, 1850, when the presbytery was dissolved. Rev. John Anderson was the first regular pastor, and his successor was Rev. Moses Oldham. The first Ruling Elders were John Armstrong, Joseph Bell, David Douglas and Isaac Oldham. A large number of the congregation were citizens of Jefferson Township. The 534 - HISTORICAL. first church organization in the township was the Allen Methodist Episcopal Church, founded in 1816. The second congregation was begnn at a meeting held in the house of Andrew Clark, on the Sugar-tree Fork. The Associate Reformers held meetings there for some time, and later erected a church edifice on the site of North Salem. A. larger building is now being constructed. Rev. James Duncan was the first pastor, Rev. William Johnson the second, and Rev. William Sommer the third. Rev. John W. Martin is the present pastor. 'rhe third church organization was in September, 1867, when the Pleasant Hill United Presbyterian Church was organized. Robert Kirkwood and Abraham Armstrong were chosen Ruling Elders. Levi P. Scott was carpenter of the church edifice, which cost $725. Rev. Rufus Johnson was the first pastor, and Rev. J. W. Martin is the present pastor. The Ruling Elders are Robert Kirkwood, Abraham Armstrong, George Allender, H. J. Martin and Andrew Clark; Deacons, McLean Armstrong, T. C. Kirkwood, J. W. Armstrong, William Scott and John Marling. Pleasant Hill Cemetery is on a beautiful knoll in section 16, and adjoins the United Presbyterian Church. Mrs. Jane Moor, wife of William Moor, was the first person buried here. James Bratton, a young man, was the second, and William Moor third. Florence Armstrong, mother of the Armstrong brothers, was buried there August 22, 1822. MADISON TOWNSHIP. Edward Bratton was the first settler in Madison Township, and removed from there to Jefferson Township. He was a native of Pennsylvania, and in 1799 removed with his father to the new territory northwest of the Ohio River, then opening for settlement Crossing the river at Wheeling, the Brattons made their way westward to the forks of McMahon Creek, three miles below where the town of Belmont now stands, and at that time five miles west of any other settlement From that place they removed in 1802 up the Zane Trace, near what is known as the Milner property. In the spring of 1803 or 1864 Joseph Wright emigrated from Ireland, and located near the same place. In 1805 young Bratton married, and, taking the trail of General Broadhead's expedition in 1780, when that officer marched from Wheeling on the Coshocton campaign against the Indians, he followed it as far as where Antrim now stands. 'rhe trail entered the present site of that town near where the old Madison College building stood, and kept along the ridge until it passed the head of the ravine on the north side, when it struck off west. along what is known as the old New Comerstown Road. Here Mr. Bratton left it and followed the Government road, out of which the brush had been cut, from Steubenville to Zane's Crossing until he reached the present site of Winchester, where he pitched his tent, having no neighbors nearer than the Carpenters, near where Londonderry now stands, or Beattys, at the present site of Cambridge. There were, however, five Indian families residing in the neighborhood. Two brothers, named Jim and Bill Lyons, had their huts up the bottom near where William Tedrick's house now stands. Joseph Sky lived at the mouth of Brushy Fork, near where Linn's Mill now stands. One, Doubty, had a hut between Mrs. Culbertson's and Newman Lake's, and had two squaws; and one named Hunter also had a hut, but no squaw. After Mr. Bratton had been living there some time, he learned that he had a new neighbor, who had moved in a few miles above, on the big creek. This was. Martin Stull, a Pennsylvanian, who entered the land owned by Mrs. Culbertson, where he made an improvement, but . died the next spring, when Mr. Bratton leased his entry and moved onto it. For many years, and until a mill run by horsepower was built at Morristown, Mr. Bratton had his grinding done four miles northeast of St. Clairsville, a distance of thirty-four miles. There was no such thing as a store nearer than Wheeling, and he remembered when old Tommy Sarchet brought a handkerchief full of goods to Cambridge and opened the first store there. The first gristmill in the county was built by George Linn, and now stands on Salt Fork. It was then in Madison, HISTORICAL - 535 but is now in Jefferson Township. The first Justice of the Peace was Brindle Wickham. The first store was kept by George Wines at Winchester. The first church was built at Winchester by the Methodists. The first tavern was built in Winchester by John Keepers. Antrim was laid out by Alexander Alexander in 1819. The first blacksmith of Antrim was William Rusk, who settled there in 1.820. The first store was kept by Alexander, the second by Stockdale. There are four religious societies in the township, as follows: the Baptist, two Methodist Epis- copals, and the United Presbyterian. Rev. Mr. Riddle was the first preacher. He was an Associate Presbyterian minister, and came to this ncighborhood in 1820. The first church built was erected by the Seceders, and the second by the Associated Presbyterians. The first school was held in a log house moved from Londonderry Township to Antrim. The Tedricks and Bonnells laid out the town of Winchester. When Madison Township was organized, there were four sections of land set apart by the state for public-school purposes, Nos. 1, 2, 9 and 10, situated in the northeast part of the township. These lands were first leased and later sold, and the proceeds of the sale went into the general school fund. This rule held good in other townships of the county. Dr. Finley, an ambitious character, who had the cause of education at heart, made arrangements to start a school at Antrim soon after his location. Accordingly, in May, 1835 or 1836, he succeeded in enrolling the names of eight boys and young men in the vicinity as students. He used his cabin as a recitation-room, and thus commenced Madison College. The people enlisted in the cause, and the number of students increased rapidly, and it was resolved at a meeting of the citizens of the village that a united effort should be made for the erection of a suitable building. Subscriptions were made In money, etc., and a site was chosen for the building at the east end of the village, on the moat elevated ground roundabout. The building was completed, and the title conferred upon it was Madison College. It was organized under the laws of Ohio, and the Trustees appointed Dr. Finley President and Milton Greene Secretary. It prospered for many years, or until the breaking out of the war, when it became a financial wreck. THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. Several members of the United Presbyterian Church residing between the United Presbyterian Church at North Salem and the United Presbyterian Church at Washington, being of the opinion that it would be for the advancement of the Lord's cause to have a congregation .within their immediate bounds, petitioned the United Presbytery of Muskingum to grant an organization of a congregation under the name of Pleasant Hill. Accordingly, a grant for the organization of a congregation in said bounds was given by the Muskingum Presbytery of the United Presbyterian Church of North America, at the session held at Londonderry, June 11, 1867. Rev. W. H. McFarland was appointed to preach and organize a congregation in said bounds. The congregation was organized September 29, 1867. by the election of Robert Kirkwood, Abraham Armstrong and George Allender as Ruling Elders; McLean Armstrong, Thomas C. Kirkwood and William Scott as Deacons. September 29, 1867. Robert Kirkwood, who was formerly an ordained Elder in the United Presbyterian Church of Washington, was installed as Ruling Elder. McLean Armstrong, an ordained Deacon in the congregation of North Salem, was also installed. William Scott and Thomas C. Kirkwood were ordained and installed as Deacons. Occasional supplies were received until January 1, 1869. Among the number sent were Revs. Joseph Walker, Samuel C. Marshall, W. H. McFarland, James Duncan, George W. Gowdy, A. H. Caldwell and Rufus Johnson. The Lord's Supper was dispensed on the last Sabbath of June, 1868, by Rev. David Paul, of New Concord, Ohio, this being the first communion. It was held in McLean Armstrong's barn, about one mile west of the present site of the church. The officiating Elders on that occasion were those named above. Preaching was held at various places, principally at McLean Armstrong's barn, 536 - HISTORICAL. previous to January 1, 1869. In the fall of 1867 steps were taken to erect a house of worship. Among those who took an active part in this good work were Messrs. Abraham Armstrong, Robert Kirkwood, McLean Armstrong, William . Scott, John Cornell, John Watson, William McElhaney, George Allender, David Pattison and others. Abraham Armstrong, John Watson and David Pattison were appointed a building committee, and contracted with L P. Scott for the building of the house. The effort was a complete success, and the church was completed late in the autumn of 1868, at a cost of $1,453.70. Rev. William Johnson, formerly pastor of Washington and Salem congregations, now of Monroe, Iowa, preached the first sermon in the new church (while the house was yet unfinished), from the Song of Solomon, v: 2-7. On Sabbath, March 21, 1869, the first communion was held by Rev. James Duncan. Rev. Rufns Johnson cared for the congregation from January 1, 1869, until April 8, 1873, he being ordained June 15, 1869. June 22, 1870, George Allender and Henry J. Martin were elected Ruling Elders. J. W. Armstrong and John A. Marling were elected Deacons. They were ordained July 13, 1870. Rev. Rufus Johnson was released from the pastorate April 8, 1873. From this time until August 2, 1874, supplies were sent to the congregation as follows: Revs. James Sankey, Joseph Boyd, James Duncan, Hugh Forsythe, J. C. Murch, David Thompson, John Patterson, James McCrea, J. D. Palmer, J. W. Martin and. Hugh McVey. July 13, 1874, a call was moderated at Pleasant Hill by Rev. J. T. Campbell for Rev. J. W. Martin. The call was presented ard accepted, and August 2, 1874, pastoral labors began, and the installation exercises took place November 17, 1874. The congregation was under his care for nearly eight years. From July 2, 1882, until January 1, 1883, supplies were sent to the congregation as follows: Revs. F. M. Spencer, James Duncan, J. W. Martin, R. S. McClenahan, J. H. Nash and J. L. Thompson. December 29, 1882, a call was moderated by Rev. J. W. Martin, which was made for Rev. J. H. Nash and J. L. Thompson. The call was accepted, and January 1, 1883, pastoral labors began. The installation exercises took place at East Union, August 21, 1883. In the spring of 1883 Robert Kirkwood, who had been a Ruling Elder in the congregation from its organization, and who was highly esteemed by the church and community, was called away by death. Thus the congregation suffered the loss of a leading member, and the session a wise counselor, one who had always taken a deep interest in the congregation from its organization. October 12, 1874, an election was held. Andrew Clark was elected Ruling Elder. Mr. Clark, having been ordained Elder in the congregation at Washington, was installed November 11, 1874. During this time two hundred and forty-two persons have been received into membership. in the congregation; many of these were received on examination and profession of their faith. The present membership is one hundred and twenty. SPENCER TOWNSHIP. By J. R. Knowlton. About eight years after the organization of Guernsey County, Spencer Township became a separate body corporate. It is situated in the extreme southwest corner of the county, and is rough in surface, though rich in soil. It is heavily timbered, well watered, and abounds in the finest building-stone and coal deposits. It was peculiarly fortunate in the character of its first settlers, the prudent, thoughtfull New Englander bringing his passion for schools and churches. The patient, plodding, independent Pennsylvanian realized his instinctive ideals of a comfortable and well supplied home; while the high-toned, quick-tempered Virginian, with his love of sport and wild game, acknowledged no superior, and generally accomplished whatever he undertook. The blending of these indispensable elements of a strong, noble citizenship with just enough Irish to give relish to a joke was happily effected, and the resultant character is almost striking in its individuality. No sudden discovery or temporary "boom" ever increased both the riches of the few and the pov- HISTORICAL - 537 erty of the many; yet some of the largest and most permanent fortunes ever accumulated in the county grew slowly, though legitimately, in Spencer Township, and in the aggregate the wealth of the township is second only to Cambridge. When a railroad was needed, $60,000 was contributed by this people, and two citizens, W. H. and C. B. Stevens, gave their whole time and service to the enterprise, which has proven a success. This people also contributed the sum of $10,000 to the Bellaire, Zanesville & Cincinnati Railway, which passes through the southwest corner of the township. The finest and best furnished and arranged school building in the county is found in this township. The most beautiful church in the county is in this township, in the village of Cumberland, which has a population of eight hundred, the only town in the township. Three ministers are supported, with salaries averaging $1,000 per annum each, and services are held twice each Sunday by each pastor. Whenever an honest man has been wanted for county service, the people have never been disappointed in selecting from Spencer Township. Up to 1895 James Wharton, Thomas Mackey and Bennett Roseman have held the office of Commissioners from this township, and it is to the efforts of Bennett Roseman, whose uncompromising integrity and outspoken persistence make him the enemy of all sorts of corruption, that Guernsey Connty owes its possession of the finest court house in the state, and the one built at the least cost. He also managed the building of the schoolhouse in Cumberland. James Abell and Joshua Gregg have been County Treasurers; David Needham, Matthew B. Casey and Walter Barnett have been Sheriffs. Rodolph Thomas and John Casey, Recorders; Howard Mackey, Prosecuting Attorney; Charles Barnes, Coroner; James McMahon, Representative; Robert Savage, State Senator; and J. E. McClelland, Auditor.. While in politics the township has ever been almost solidly with the Republican or its ancestral parties, yet no political "boss" ever presumed to manipulate the people's votes without coming to a speedy and inglorious defeat. The salubrity of the climate and the intelligent providence of the people in this township are well illustrated in the fact that at least two centenarians and nearly half a hundred octogenarians have recently died, and there are at present twenty persons over eighty years of age resident in the township. No historian's pen has ever done justice to the unparalleled achievements of the American pioneer. The refined imagination sees no more of the high and lofty courage so prominent in the labors of the early settler when he reads of the noble achievements of Æneas and his companions, than when he stoops to compare the departed fame of Roman civilization with the transplendent glories Of the American Republic. A township is but a minor unit in the grand aggregation of that republic, but it is the Hercules that destroyed the tyrant kings. It may be that the spirit of independence was born in the revelations of God to man; but if it was, it was the insignificant township organization that nursed the infant spirit into the happy youth of states and the sturdy manhood of nations. In its circumstances of early settlement, Spencer Township did not materially differ from the average settlement of the state. In 1795 Reuben Atchison came with the purpose of securing a home, but did not Permanently locate until a few years later. In 1806 the records show that a Mr, May made an entry and some improvements on land now owned by Joseph Covert. which was long known as " May's deadening." This man did not live to bring his family from the East. In 1808 John Latta entered the land now owned by the Cleary heirs. He became the first Justice of the Peace after the organization in 1818. After Latta came a Mr. Wolf, who, assuming squatter's rights, built a small cabin. In 1809 Finley Collins time from Virginia and entered a part of the land now owned by I. L. Young. The next permanent settler was Col. Thomas Bay, who came in 1812, and thus began the extensive clearings that attracted the strong class of pioneers. In a few years. the eight sons of Colonel Thomas, viz., William, Thomas, Benjamin, Robert, Samuel, John, Archibald and James, settled near each other, ' and their selections at this late date are said to be the best ever made by a single family in the county of Guernsey, and their presence as citizens was a 538 - HISTORICAL valuable acquisition for the future growth of the pioneer colony. From 1812 to 1817 came Thomas N. Muzzy, of Spencer, Mass., who built the first mill, taught the first school, and started the first temperance society; neat came Eli Bingham, who built the first brick house; then David Beach and his brother Julius, Joseph Rannels, James Conner, Andrew Wharton, John Castle, Andrew Kells, John Hammond, from Connecticut; and William Llewellyn; from Wales. Mr. Muzzy, at the organization of the township, had the honor of naming it after the town he came from in the East. Before 1820 about fifty families were distributed over the township, and the necessities growing out of a community of interests and the common division of labor called for mechanics. Joseph W. Marshall, Sr., of Greene County, Pa., built a tannery in the eastern part of the township in 1818. All his work was done in a primitive manner, yet the product was noted for its good qualities. About the same time William Stokes started a blacksmith shop near the present residence of James Cooper. Joseph Burt also commenced smithing on Garvin's Hill, in the eastern part of the township, and a forge was erected that year by a Mr. Moore near the present site of the roller-mills in Cumberland. The first tavern was opened by Stephen Charlott. James Annon was the first tailor. The second gristmill was erected by Benjamin Bay at the confluence of the Yoker and Buffalo Fork of Wills Creek. However, previous to the operation of water-mills, Andrew Kells rigged up a hand-mill near the Marshall tannery, where corn was ground for "mush and johnny-cakes." John Agnew started the first carding-machine. In 1816 Ziba Lindley came from Pennsylvania and commenced the practice of medicine, and married shortly after a daughter of William Rannels. The first schoolhouse was built of logs near the line separating the lands of Thomas Bay, Jr., and Joseph Rannels. Its dimensions were 161E20 feet, and it had a fireplace at one end which wonld take in wood six feet in length. For light, at suitable distances, openings were cut out and "foolscap paper well greased" pasted over them. For seats, logs of suitable size were split in two, and wooden legs driven into holes bored near the ends. In such rude structures were the rudiments of an education secured by these pioneers of 1814 to 1820. Miss Grace Bay, daughter of Col. Thomas Bay, Sr., taught the first school in this rude temple consecrated to the beginning of a scientific course. Soon after this the people began to demand church privileges, but to whom the honor belongs of introducing the religious and moral forces of which this township is at this time so justly proud, is chiefly to be found in the memories of the descendants of the early pioneers; therefore, dates not noted herein from the musty and mutilated records examined are inserted from the memory of the "oldest inhabitant." Revs. J. Moore and John Baldrige, Presbyterians; James Findley, William Reeves, Methodists, and Elder William Reese, Baptist, were early on the ground, holding meetings in private houses in winter, and in summer in barns, and of ttimes in the leafy grove, where the people would gather and make the hills resound with vocal sounds of prayer and praise. Spencer Township at its organization in 1818 contained thirty-six square miles, but in 1851 seven sections in the northeast corner were detached in the forming of Noble County, leaving its present area only twenty-nine. , Its present population is seventeen hundred. Cumberland, near the southwest corner, is the only incorporated town within its limits. It was laid out by James Bay in 1832, and incorporated one year later, Rev. William Wallace securing the honor of first Mayor. The population at this time was about fifty. Stephen Charlott opened the first tavern, William George the first store, and John M. Foster the first select school, in a small rented room. In 1835 a brick schoolhouse, about twenty-seven feet square, was built near the west end of Main Street, which was occupied up to 1854, when a. two-story frame building, with three rooms, was erected on the hill nearer the center of population. About this time the Board of Education adopted the "Akron Village School Law," which provided for "union or graded schools." In 1883 a lot was secured on Broadway and a six-room, two-story brick building erected, said to be the best arranged, most perfect in architecture, and more economically HISTORICAL - 539 built than any other school building of like dimensions in Guernsey County, costing $1010009 and the education to be obtained therein is equals if not superior, to any in the county. MINERAL RESOURCES. Bituminous Coal.—C. Newton Brown, Assistant State Geologist, in Economic Survey of 1884, says: "Spencer Township has more of the Meigs Creek coal than any other township in Guernsey County. It is found in the high ridge north of Cumberland, between the Buffalo and Yoker Forks of Wills Creek. The stratum is four to five feet in thickness, of good quality and easily mined. This seam extends south to the Muskingum River and is the largest undeveloped coalfield of upper measures in the state." In 1893 a test was made for the Hartford seam, on the northwest quarter of section 27, near the Eastern Ohio Railroad, on land now owned by J. L. Young, and at ninety-four feet a six-foot seam was found of good quality. Between the upper and this lower is a thirty-inch vein, said to be first class for engines. Stone.—Near the south line of the township there is a ledge of fine-grained, tough sandstone, which the State Geologist says is unlike any other in the state; and that it is superior for .building purposes. This ledge is about fifteen feet thick. These quarries furnished the whole of the face stone for the Guernsey County court house in Cambridge. There are also numerous ledges of good limestone from two to ten feet in thickness. Clays.—There are large beds of fire-clay, which has been tested, and found to be of superior quality. Also good clays for drain tile, brick, pottery and stoneware. All the real accretions to the wealth of a country are procured from its soil and mines. It is there stored for those who persistently delve for it. BUFFALO PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. There is no early church record of its genesis, but a presbyterial record says that the Lancaster Presbytery appointed a committee, of which Rev. Mr. Baldrige was chairman (In 1816), whose duty was to organize a church in this township. It further notes that three Elders were elected and installed, namely: Thomas Bay, Sr., Benjamin Bay and William Allen. John Baldrige became the first pastor for half time in 1817, and remained in charge until 1823. In 1824 Rev. William Wallace, a man of push and talent, a strong Calvinist and one who stood firmly by his convictions, was called and served with fidelity for fourteen years. They built their first meeting-house in 1830, so say the oldest inhabitants, there being no church record of the fact. The builder was David Beach, an early settler from Connecticut. He located on lands now owned by Joseph Covert. The congregation worshiped in this house until 1853, when they purchased a second site from the Methodist Church, on which they erected in 1853 a more modern structure, and one more easy of access than the one on Cemetery Hill. In this they worshiped until December, 1894, when they moved into their new brick structure, said to be more suitably arranged and tastefully adorned than any other in the county, costing over $15,000. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1809 the Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference placed Rev. James Findley on a circuit extending from Zanesville, Ohio, to Steubenville, on the Ohio River, below Pittsburg, with appointments along a prescribed route, which required a whole month to fill. It is said by some of the oldest early settlers that he used to stop here and urge the people to a better life; and that Rev. W. Reeves, his successor, organized a class here as early as 1815, in the southwest corner of this township. It is a known fact that this church built a house of worship on land owned by James Bay, youngest son of Col. Thomas Bay, Sr., who was one of the. first permanent settlers in this valley. This was a frame building, 20x28 feet in dimensions. But growing numbers caused them to arrange for more commodious quarters, and in 1852 they sold their house to the Presbyterian congregation and purchased their present site, on which, in 1853, they completed the elegant and commodious house of worship, where they still continue to plead with sinners to come to Christ. The record says that Rev. W. C. P. Hamilton was the preacher in charge on the circuit, and superintended its erection. They have since erected a fine parsonage on the 540 - HISTORICAL lot, and are in a prosperous condition, with Rev. T. L McRa, a consecrated man, in charge, who is loing a grand work for God and humanity. CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This church record says that "during the summer of 1835 a number of the members of the Buffalo congregation of the Presbyterian Church, who were dissatisfied with the doctrinal preaching of Rev. Mr. Wallace, solicited Rev. Isaac Shook, of Tennessee, a Cumberland Presbyterian minister, to come and hold a series of meetings, which resulted in an unnsual awakening, and a large number professed faith in the salvation so freely offered -for all mankind." On the 16th of August of that year, the following persons holding certificates from the. Buffalo congregation asked to be recognized as a "Cumberland Presbyterian Church," namely: John Hammond, Nira Hammond, John Conner, Lettie Conner, Jonathan Alden, Orpha Alden, Merriman Downey, Jemima Downey, Eleazer Spooner, Isabel Spooner, Lyman Hurd, Nancy Hurd and Thomas Hill. The record shows that John Hammond, Jonathan Alden and Lyman Hurd were elected Elders August 17. Meetings were continued daily up to August 30, at which time the record shows a membership of forty-two. This has been a vigorous body of believers, and has had numerous pastors of marked ability, namely: Messrs. Shook, of Tennessee; Thomas Thomas, of Kentucky; Ezra K. Squier, D. D.; and A. D. Hail, D. D., who is now Superintendent of the Cumberland Presbyterian Missions in Japan, a gift from this church in 1875. W. G. Archer, the present pastor, is a popular pulpit orator, a. vigorous and apt organizer. They occupy their second brick structure, which contains a pastor's study, lecture-room and free library in the basement, and a delightful audience-room on the second floor. They have the most eligible site and the finest parsonage in the township. THE GOSHEN BAPTIST CHURCH This church has a well kept and finely preserved record, which says that "on the 19th of October, 1822, seventeen persons were organized as a Baptist Church, by Elders William Reese and W. R. McGowan. Elder Reese was chosen pastor. For two years meetings were held in private houses, but in 1824 they built a meeting-house for worship on Flat Run," clearly showing that this body of "baptized believers" built the first house of God' in this township. Elder Reese continued pastor from its organization to 1832, ten years of faithful and successful service by this pioneer evangelist, who received no adequate remuneration, but continued to stop at the cabins of the poor, entreating all to come to Christ. The second pastor was Elder W. R. McGowan. He served them well for four years, when he was succeeded by Elder J. Sperry in 1836. He remained with them until 1846, when Elder M. Brown was called, who only served one year. In 1848 Elder Peter Ogan was called and served them to 1852. This man, now over eighty years of age, was brought to Christ through the faithful labors of Rev. Mr. Reese, the first pastor of this church. In 1849 this church disposed of its property in this township, and erected a house for worship a short distance west in Rich Hill Township, Muskingum County, where they still hold fast to the "faith once delivered to the saints." CUMBERLAND BAPTIST CHURCH. The records of this church show that on April 5, 1865, the following persons holding letters of dismissal from the Brookfield Baptist Church, viz.: J. R. Knowlton, Sarah B. Knowlton, Edmund R. Muzzy, Elizabeth Muzzy, John H. Daniel, Caroline F. Daniel, Thomas C. Downey, Lucinda Muzzy, Mary A. Erskine, William B. McElroy, Mary J. Harper, Mary A. Muzzy and Mrs. Lorinda Muzzy were organized as a regular Baptist Church, Rev. G. W. Churchill Moderator of Council. The first pastorate by Rev. Mr. Churchill for four years was very prosperous, the membership reaching fifty-two, with a flourishing Sunday-school, under the leadership of J. R. Knowlton. Rev. S. G. Barber served the church about two years, with several additions. The last pastor was Rev. Thomas M. Irwin, who served the church until 1879 with great fidelity and earnestness. From that time until 1883 the chrch by deaths and removals lost in numbers and financial ability, so that they could not sustain regular service. The HISTORICAL - 541 few remaining still hold their church property, a frame building 40x60 feet, with cupola and bell, new slate roof and new windows, all done during 1894. From a worldly standpoint some would write "failure," but at the grand Assize of Nations scores will come rejoicing, and date their espousal to Christ from the Baptist Church in Cumberland. FACTORIES. One roller process flouring-mill, with capacity for one hundred barrels daily, employing four men, owned and operated by Conners & Barton. Two planing-mills, owned and operated by W. H. Stevens and Johnsoh k Bay. These mills employ from five to eight men. One tile factory, run by Johnson & Bay, who also make hollow and solid brick, and employ in summer from eight to ten men. One tannery, the only one in the county, is doing quite a large business. James Eakin, proprietor. STORES. Dry Goods.—Hathaway & Roseman, Conner & White, Bracken & Allison, Joshua Crozier and G. A. McClure. Groceries.—Conner Bros. and H. W. McKee. Drugs.—Conner & Kreps and Conway Gallington. Jewelry.—H. B. Zoller, L. M. Rodecker and H. W. McKee. Marble.—J. E. Cosgrave and G. W. Stockwell. SHOPS. Wagons.—B. S. Lukens and T. M. Yerian. Smiths.-William Fulton, T. M. Yerian and John Berkley & Son. Saddle and Harness.—L. R. Harper and J. R. Stewart. Tinners.—S. W. Burr and J. W. Crozier. Butchers.—R. W. Martin and Glass de Reasoner. Doctors.—W. K. Bolon, H. W. Holmes and Axline; Veterinary, B. F. Danford. Attorneys.—Joseph. Purkey and James Joice. Notaries.-- J. R. Knowlton, now in his eightieth year, has held this office for twenty-five years. His present contemporaries are J. Purkey, Esq., and Phil. Johnson. Mayor. NEWSPAPERS. The Cumberland News was established September 9, 1885, by W. A. Reedle, a man of push and energy, and an adept in job printing. It was a five-column quarto, with a circulation of six hundred. It suspended September 9, 1889. The Cumberland Echo was established by Rev. W. G. Archer, with A. M. Johnson as foreman and printer, August 8, 1892, and was published by them up to September 8,1893, when it passed into the hands of Miss May Stranathan, who is still recording the "Echoes" of personal, social, commercial and religious life to the satisfaction and pleasure of its many patrons. SOCIETIES. Masonic.—Columbia Lodge No. 134, F. & A. M., organized October 21, 1846, with John Y. Hopkins, Peter. K. McLaughlin, William Stevens, Leander T. Benoit, Lyman Hurd, Wilson Cosgrove and William Dolman as charter members. Odd Fellows.—Cumberiand Lodge No. 200, I. O. O. F., was instituted June 2, 1852. Charter members, M. B. Casey, R. B. Graham, John Agnew, Rev. Benjamin Thomas, Joseph Gamble and John Redd. These two orders have fine lodge rooms over the Town Hall building, which they own, and they are finely furnished. United American Mechanics.—Instituted September 17, 1892. Charter members: J. Roth, Jr., J. A. Ward, Watt Harper, C. O. Daniel, W. F. Yerian, W. H. Kilbreath, J. A. Uphold, J. A. Shouse, T. M. Yerian, M. W. McLain, H. S. White, a H. James, Ransom Robinson, S. W. Burr, F. B. Yerian, 'F. L. White, C. W. Ford, V. J. McLain, N. W. James, W. E. Fuller, Charles Yerian, L W. Moore and W. A. Cosgrave. Grand Army of the Republic.—Cumberland Post No. 216. Chartered May 10, 1886, with twenty four members. It has always prospered and been near the hearts of our loyal people. It now has sixty veterans answering roll-call. Headquarters, Union School Building. Capt. J. Purkey is Post Commander, and Phil Johnson is Adjutant. INDEX BIOGRAPHICAL A Adams, John 23 Adams, John Q. 39 Agnes, Alexander F. 359 Albright, Hon. Charles j. 235 Alexander, Jesse 397 Amos, John M. 151 Armstrong, James M. 338 Armstrong, Jeremiah P, 251 Armstrong, John W. 126 Armstrong, Mrs. Mary 438 Arnold, John 142 Arnold, John W. 381 Arnold, Kirkwood 442 Arthur, Chester A. 99 B Bailey, Edward M. 163 Bailey, John D. 393 Bair, Jacob 248 Bair, Michael 385 Baker, Jesse 427 Baker, Philip 231  Barber, Hon. Nathan H. 419 Barr, James R. 195 Bartles, John P. 153 Bassett, Garrett 493 Beater, Isaac 489 Beatty, Col. Zaccheuss A. 278 Beichly, John B. 179 Bell, Samuel M. 124 Bence, Christian 279 Bender, Daniel W. 501 Bennett, Emmet S. 482 Betacher, C. 225 Birk, John J. 414 Black, John S. 426 Blackburn, Edward O. 270 Bodey, Charles W. 402 Bolan, William K., M. D. 371 Bold, John D. T. 254 Bowers, Capt. George 236 Bowers, Henry 172 Braden, Mrs. Mary 394 Broom. Adam K. 191 Brown, Joseph 378 Browne, Thomas 137 Browne, William C. 134 Buchanan, James 75 Buchanan. John A. 432 Burry, John 161 C Cale, John W. 454 Campbell, Judge James W. 369 Caplets, Capt. Lager S. 490 Carson, James 143 Case, William E. 498 Casebeer, James 480 Casebeer,r Joseph B. 313 Chambers, Judge William 374 Clark, Alexander J. 303 Cleveland. S. Grover 103 Conner, John S. 312 Correll, Israel A. 390 Coultas, George W. 265 Craig, Samuel 301 Crater, Joseph H. 206 Crow, George 339 Creston, William B. 420 D Davis, Benjamin L. 306 Davis, John 502 Deardorff, George 255 Deardorff, Jesse S. 351 Defenbacher, Daniel 271 Deis, Capt. Christian 222 Denning, Maria 138 Dick. Edward W. 299 Dickson. James, M. D. 275 Doerschuk, John 411 Donahey, John C. 197 Dougherty, Patrick. 276 Douthitt, Fletcher 322 Dugan, Henry M. 163 Dunlap, Adam 347 E Eichel Peter 150 Elliott, Jesse D. 191 Emerson, Wesley 441 Evans, John H. 319 Everett, Solomon 186 F Farrar, Hon. William M. 141 Fernsell, Conrad C. 212 Fertig, Samuel 175 Fillmore, Millard 67 Finley, John R. 370 Fisher, Isaiah 395 Fisher, Hosea 415 Foltz, Col. Samuel 323 Forbes, Robert 475 Forney, John 227 Fox, Christian 360 Fox, Leopold 468 Frame, John 348 544 - INDEX. Gallup, Milton E. 156 Gardner, George 182 Garfield, James A. 95 Garver, Philip A. 119 Geckeler, George 283 Geckeler, John 398 Geckeler, Lewis 358 Gentech, F. H., M. D. 282 Gibler, Valentine & David 378 Gibson, James 332 Giffee, Benjamin 354 Glides, Dr. George W. 224 Gintz, Adam 238 Gumber, Jacob 291 Gorley, Robert 272 Gould, William C. 279 Grant, Ulysses S. 37 Gregg, Prof. Watson H. 464 Griest, Allward P. 155 Grimm, Benson L. 334 Grimm, Joshua P. 180 H Haas, Daniel 445 Hall, Prof. Alva B. 120 Hall, Elmer W. 364 Ball, Eli 431 Hall, Isaac W. 201 Hammond, John H. 496 Hammond, Robert 183 Hannan, Patrick J. 244 Hardman, Lyman 242 Harmount, Hon. Simpson 253 Harrison, Benjamin 107 Harrison, William Henry 51 Hartline, Frederick 425 Hartline, Joseph 471 Hartline, Winfield 130 Hatcher, Elijah C. 384 Hawkshaw, John E. 172 Hayes, Rutherford 91 Helmick, Joseph S. 487 Helmreich, Edgar 144 Herbert, Peter 429 Hildt, Col. George H. 203 Hill, Noah, M. D. 321 Hill, William 145 Himes, John A. 300 Hoehstetler, William B. 326 Hoge, Osmond M. 349 Holmes, Harry W., M. D. 301 Horn, Jacob A. 241 Hostetler, John A. 216 Hostetler, Joseph H. 205 Hummel, Cyrus 469 Hunt, Oscar E. 500 Hunter, Dr. Theodore F. 173 J Jackson, Andrew 43 Jefferson, Thomas 27 Johnson, Andrew 83 Johnson, James T. 383 Johnson, Thomas M. 330 Jones, Edward L. 177 Jose, John C. 217 Judy, Mary (Seaton) 149 K Kackley, Jonathan A., M. D.428 Kaderly, John 188 Kaley, William 433 Keepers, William V 223 Kees, Daniel 389 Kemper, Rev. Manuel E. 160 Keplinger, James W. 483 Keplinger, William H. 176 Kidd. Capt. Joseph I. 229 Kinsey, John 311 Kirkpatrick, John 221 Klein, Jacob J. 495 Knisely, James M. 236 Knowlton, Josiah R. 315 Kollar, John S. 422 Korns, Wilson A. 178 L Leifer, Gebrt B. 250 Lappin, Sylvester 305 La Rue, John 382 Laughlin, John W. 395 Lebold, Jacob R. 435 Lebold, John 293 Lechner, George 481 Lechner, Oliver P. 355 Leine. Theodore R. 483 Lenhart, William 388 Lewis, Edward C. 167 Lewis, William A. 277 Ley, Peter 329 Lieser, Adam 320 Limbach, Simon 289 Lincoln. Abraham 79 Locke, John L. 453 Long, Andrew O. 192 Longsworth, John C. 492 Lowry, O. F., M. D. 437 Luccock, Samuel W. 327 Luccock, Rev. Thomas S. 284 M Mackey, David L. 123 Madison, James 31 Mahaffey, John P. 187 Markley, George J. 488 Marquand, John W. 237 Martin, Henry J. 496 Matthews, Garret 373 Max, Augustus 377 McBride, David 484 McCauley, F. W., M.D. 215 McCollam, James A., M. D. 152 McCollum, Edwin R. 158 McCreary, Hugh A. 410 McCreary, Nathan M. 381 McCullough, Hon. D. B. 310 McCullough. William H. 256 McDonald, Hugh F. 170 McGrew, Edward H. 434 McIlvaine, John D. 491 Mcllvaine, Joseph L. 350 McKahan, Thomas 356 McKinley, Lawrence P. 227 McMahon, James 424 McMillen, John C. 331 McMillen, Samuel 479 Metzger, George L. 313 Meyer, Jacob 252 Meyer, Simon A. 281 Miller. Lewis. 157 Miller, Thomas J., M. D. 372 Minnich. Charles P. 258 Minor, Wesley 184 Miskimen, Franklin 346 Mitchener, Charles E. 228 Mitchener, Charles H. 193 Monroe. James 35 Morgan, John H. 392 Morris, Joseph L. 226 N Nagely, John 131 Naylor, Samuel T. 285 Nelson, Edwin M. 247 Nicholson, Andrew W. 181 Niederheiser, Frederick C. 198 Norman, Crayton 413 O Offholder, John 490 Ogler, John 485 Oliver, Alexander F. 478 Osborn, Thomas 439 Otis, John D., M. D. 342 P Parrish, Capt. Edward A. 246 Parrish, Hamilton 456 Parry, Job 362 Patrick, Judge A. W. 341 Patterson, Samuel 309 Pearch, Jacob 404 Penix, Joseph 503 Pierce, Franklin 71 Polk, James K. 59 Powleson, Oliver C. 189 Priaulx, John T. 162 Prouse, John S. 156 R Raiff, Aquilla T.185 Ramsey, William T., M. D. 224 Reid, Hugh B. 458 Render, Theodore A. 459 Richards, Hon. J. A. D. 298 Ringer, Alpheus 407 Rippel, Ernest G. 169 Rollstin, James 307 Rosamond, W. B., M. D. 262 Rose, Thompson. 136 Rosamond Family, The 314 Rowland, John D. 385 Rummell, David 249 S Sarchet, Cyrus P. B. 269 Schalifi, Joseph 477 Schick, Frank L. 121 Schupp, Peter 260 Schweitzer, Frederick 461 Schweitzer, Robert 499 Scott, Robert T. 265 Scott, Samuel 335 Scott, William 344 Scott, William W. 159 Scott, Winfield, M. D. 289 Secrest, Wilbert T. 399 Seemann, Jacob 448 Senft, Ernest 220 Shafer, Philip 308 INDEX - 545 Shaffner, Alfred F. 295 Sherer, Adolph. 174 Shoemaker, John 257 Shriver, Peter 171 Shroyer, Solomon H. 467 Simons, John L. 492 Slingluff, George W. 283 Slutta, Elmer S. 486 Smallwood, James W. 202 Smith, Eugene 328 Smith, Garrett B. 482 Smith, Jeptha W. 340 Smith, Prof. Robert B. 230 Smith, Thomas 230 Souers, Enos S. 495 Spears, Hon. William J. 291 Spencer, Frank S. 400 Stephenson, Hon. James F. 380 Stockdale, James 323 Stocksdale, John 496 Stocker, Solomon 139 Stonebrook, David 363 Stranathan, William 494 Streb, Henry W. 214 T Taylor, Hon. David D. 211 Taylor, Col. Joseph D. 132 Taylor, James 440 Taylor, Zachary 63 Thalheimer, Otto 316 Thompson, John A. 466 Thompson, Lewis K. 259 Thompson, Samuel R., M. D. 281 Tomson, Alva E., D. D. S. 245 Toomey, Samuel 243 Tracy, Hon. Wesley M. 472 Turner, Hon. Milton 208 Tyler, John 156 U Uhrich, Jacob 442 Umstott, Jasper N. 290 V Van Buren, Martin 47 Vorhies, Elmer E., M. D. 401 W Wallace, John 240 Wallace, William 154 Wallick, William L. 210 Waltz, Samuel 446 Warne, DeWitt C. 273 Warne, Hiram 497 Warner, Frederick 447 Washington, George 19 Weaver, John 219 Weedon, Alfred 473 Wells, Oscar V. 400 Welty, Charles C. 117 Westafer, Edward B. 125 Williams, Ebenezer 476 Williams, Hiram 443 Wills, Valentine 406 Wise, Jacob 456 Wolf, John 227 Wolff, Moses 168 Wyss, Daniel 294 Y Young, Prof. William T. 379 Z Zeeb, John A. 215 Illustrations.