"H. H. EVANS, President. "S. B. CLARK, Secretary." After a number of years this medical society went clown and in 188o, or about that year, the Guernsey County Medical Society (number two) was organized by a new set of physicians and was made up of the following physicians: Doctor Boyd, of Kimbolton ; Doctor Cain, of Senecaville ; Doctor Clark, of Middletown; Doctor McPherson, of Cambridge; Doctor Henry, of Washington ; Doctor Patton, of Washington ; Dr. John Hill, of Senecaville ; Doctor Romans, of Quaker City ; Doctor Gildea, of New Gottenger; Doctor Tingle, of Cambridge.   214 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. This continued until about 1883, when a new society was rormed, known as the Guernsey County Academy of Medicine, whose constituent members were : Doctors McPherson, Miller, both of Cambridge; Doctor Gildea, of New Gottenger; Doctor Ramsey, of Cambridge; Doctor Cain, of Senecaville; Doctor Scott, of Senecaville; Doctor Boyd, of Kimbolton; Doctor Rosmond, of Birmingham. After a varied experience, this society served its clay and went out of commission. In 1904 the present Guernsey County Medical Society was formed. Its present officers are Doctor Frame, of Cambridge, president ; Doctor Mitchell, of Cambridge, secretary, and Doctor Headley, of the same city. treasurer. Monthly meetings are kept up and much interest is manifested by the medical fraternity. The present membership will be seen by the subjoined list of physicians who belong to the society: Doctors Patton and Sprague, of Byesville, and these, all from Cambridge : Drs. William Bradford, A. F. Cain, Cornelius A. Frame, Frederick Harrison, Albert Headley, G. W. Hixon, Isaac W. Keenan, Fred W. Lane, W. G. Lane, F. O. Lowry, Frank M. Mitchell, Clark A. Moore, William T. Ramsey, T. H. Bowles, E. E. Vorhies. KEENAN'S HOSPITAL. Cambridge has the benefits of a first-rate hospital, a private institution where surgical operations, especially, are performed with great skill. When Dr. Isaac W. Keenan located at Quaker City in 1899, he established a hospital at that point, but in 1905 he took a special course in surgery at the Chicago Post-Graduate School and in the autumn of 1906 removed his hospital from Quaker City to Cambridge, locating on the corner of Ninth street and Gomber avenue. He gave up ordinary medical practice and devotes his entire time to his private hospital, where lie has 'won a great reputation and has cases from all parts of Ohio and adjoining states. He now has trained nurses and they, in turn, teach the art of nursing to others. He is assisted greatly by his capable wife. The city is fortunate, indeed, in securing such an institution, for in a manufacturing center and railroad place the demand for a near-by hospital is great. CHAPTER XV. THE NEWSPAPERS OF GUERNSEY COUNTY. Since the introduction of the printing press, all civilized portions of the globe have employed them for the dissemination of intelligence from one class to another. Perhaps it goes undisputed that the art of printing and the invention of the printing press has been the greatest discovery in way of useful, universal achievements the world has so far discovered. Without going into the history of the invention, or what it has accomplished in all branches of man's purposes to elevate and enlighten, and to Christianize mankind, the writer Will at once go at the task of outlining the various newspapers that have from time to time been published within the limits of Guernsey county. If any are omitted it is through ignorance and not neglect or intention, but likely there may have been papers run for a short period which have escaped the author's mind, with the passing of so many years. The first newspaper published in Guernsey county was the Guernsey Times. A history of this paper is given below. The first Democratic newspaper in the county was the Washington Republican, established at Washington in 1826 by Messrs. Hull and Robb. Mr. Hull dropped out in 1827 and Jacob Robb was sole proprietor. It was suspended for a time, but in 1838 resumed publication and changed its name to the Democratic Star, which the wicked Whigs called the "Dog Star." Its editor was Peter B. Ankney. It continued until 1847 and was then succeeded by the Jeffersonian, by Gill & Leach. The Jeffersonian is the same as that still published at Cambridge, having passed down through various hands. The chain is about as follows : Arthur T. Clark had it in 185o; Lewis Baker edited the paper in the first years of the Civil war. and was succeeded as proprietor by Charles E. Mitchner, who ran for Congress. Following him came George McClelland, who was the successful man at the head of the paper until he was succeeded by John Kirkpatrick, who sold to John M. Amos in January, 1886, and in company with his sons still edits and owns the Jeffersonian. The daily Jeffersonian was established as the first real daily publication in the county. The date of its starting was in 1891, since which time it has 216 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. not missed an issue on a week day. The weekly is now on its seventy-ninth volume and the daily on its nineteenth volume. It is one of Ohio's cleanest, most newsy newspapers, and it is an honor to the newspaper fraternity of this county and the entire state. Lewis Baker, editor of the Jeffers.onian, carried under a subhead throughout the Civil war these words : "Our country—may she ever be right. But, right or wrong—our country. We are a unit ; party feeling has been entirely sunk all over the North. Political parties now rally to the defense of the Union and Constitution and under this banner every true man worthy the name American citizen can fight with a good heart—we are a unit." In 1862, his motto was, "The Union as it was—the Constitution as it is. The Union of lakes, the Union of lands—the Union of States none can sever —the Union of hearts—the Union of hands—the American Union forever." Before the Civil war—in 1850—the following appeared as heads of editorials in September of that year, and serve to show that the Icfersonian has ever been alert to the interests of the party and the taxpayers of this county : "Against Railroad. Subscriptions," "The Funded System," "Look Out for Deception," "Old Federalism Sticking Out," "Stop that Falsehood," "The Greatest Fraud of the Age." Then these questions are submitted : "Farmers of Guernsey county, are your taxes already high enough? Have they become oppressive? Then let all vote against railroad subscription." "Are the landholders of Guernsey county prepared to mortgage their lands to money lenders to the amount of one hundred thousand dollars? Their vote against railroad subscription." THE GUERNSEY TIMES. The Guernsey Times was founded by J. Aitken, at Cambridge, the first number being dated September 18, 1824. The subscription price was set at one dollar and fifty cents, if. paid within thirty days after the time of subscribing; two dollars, if paid within six months, or two dollars and fifty cents if not paid until after the expiration of six months. Advertisements not exceeding a "square" were inserted three times for one dollar, twenty- five cents for each subsequent insertion. The first volume of the Times was not much larger than an ordinary office ledger. The paper consisted' of four pages, each of four columns of leaded brevier, embellished with the atrocious woodcuts which were then in the height of popularity, and was made up mainly of foreign and political news, with now and then a local item. The advertisements were for the greater part demands for money by many of the merchants, coupled with threats of legal procedure, and a list of articles which would be taken in lieu of coin, which was at that time extremely scarce. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 217 The first volume closed with the number dated October 15, 1825, at which time the paper passed out of the hands of Aitken and became the property of Col. Cyrus P. Beatty, who successfully conducted it up to the time of his death, December 17, 1827, after which publication was continued by his widow. Colonel Beatty, upon assuming control, enlarged the paper to five columns, and greatly improved the typography and general appearance of the sheet. The published terms of the paper were as follows: "The Guernsey Times will be published one a week, on a super-royal sheet, and good type, at one dollar and fifty cents per annum, if paid in advance, or within three months after commencing, two dollars if paid before the expiration of the year. and two dollars and fifty cents if paid after the expiration of the year. One-half of the subscription will be received in produce at market price, if delivered within the current year, or the whole, if paid in rags. No paper discontinued, except at the option of the editor, until all arrearages are paid. No subscription taken for less than a year, unless mentioned at the time of subscribing, and paid for in advance, at the rate of two dollars per annum, and a failure to notify a discontinuance before the term expires shall be considered .as a new engagement. Advertisements by the year, inserted at Pittsburg prices." The plant passed successively through the hands of Nicholas Bailhache (February I, 1828, to 1830), John Hersh, Jr. (May 1, i8,3o, to May 18, 1833, when it became John Hersh & Co.), John Hersh, Jr., and D. M. McPherson (as Guernsey Times and Ohio Gazette, from about April 20, 1832, to April 12, 1833). It is probable that after the dissolution of the partnership existing between Hersh and McPherson, the business was conducted by John Hersh, Jr., until the issue of March 8, 1834, when the firm became Hersh & Weirich, the new partner being C. E. Weirich. With the number for November 29, 1834, the paper again became the sole property of John Hersh, Jr., who continued publication until December 13, 1834, when the name was changed from The Guernsey' Times and Ohio Gazette to The Guernsey Times1 and; Farmers' and Mechanics' Advocate, and became the property of William W. Tracey. The paper flourished under Tracey, and when sold on December 12, 1835, to John A. Beatty, had attained to very respectable proportions and typographic excellence. Beatty was succeeded on July 2, 1836, by Lambert Thomas, who was a prominent character in early Whig days. June 17, 1837, the firm became Lambert & J. S. Thomas, but the paper retained the same caption and subhead. June 9, 1838, Lambert Thomas again assumed entire control, and continued publication until December 7, 1839, when W. R. Allison became edi- 218 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. for and publisher. Allison, during his brief editorship, made but few changes in the appearance of the paper, the most important being his substitution of the motto : "One Country, one Constitution, one Destiny," the famous declaration of Daniel Webster, in place of the former sub-head, "Farmers' and Mechanics' Advocate." Allison was succeeded, March 21, 1840, by Charles J. Albright, who probably held his position longer than any of the editors who had preceded him, his resignation taking effect in the twenty-first year of the Times. He was succeeded by Messrs. Hatton and Green, who were editors jointly for a short time, When, with the number for March 20, 1846, the plant became the sole property of Richard Hatton, Mr. Green retiring from the newspaper field. Richard Hatton sold the Times establishment to its former owner, C. J. Albright, in the spring of 1849, when the subhead became, "Let all the ends thou aimst at be thy country's, thy God's, and Truth's." Albright kept it until December 28, 1854, when he sold it to Moses and C. P. B. Sarchet. In 1856 the plant passed into the hands of J. C. Douglas, who conducted iruntil January 1, 1862, who then enlisted in the Union army. He sold to Joseph D. Taylor and W. H. F. Lenfesty, and it remained in the Taylor family up to within a short time. David D. Taylor was at the head of the paper in the eighties and was still at his task in 1910, when he died. A sketch of this manly man will appear in the biographical section of this work. The chain of owners of the Times, then, has been as above mentioned down to the time the Taylor family took it. From that time on, Taylor & Lenfesty controlled it until 1874, when David D. Taylor acquired an interest amounting to one-half its value, and in 1890 he purchased the balance and was sole owner up to his death. Upon his decease, the Taylor boys managed it until a few months had passed. when Prof. J. M. Carr and others bought the property of Mrs. Taylor, and Mr. Carr became its editor and manager. This only lasted for a few months as, on November 8, 1905, the Guernsey Times Company was organized by Judge W. H. Gregg and others who have the property at this date (November, 1910). This has been one of the most influential local papers in Ohio and has fought many a political conflict, though in a manly manner. Should the present management make as good a record as have the men who have been behind the editorial desk in the more than four score years of the paper's history, they will indeed be fortunate. The Times has long since been a weekly and daily combined, and has visted the homes of many thousands of the people of Guernsey and adjoining counties. Long live the Times! GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 219 The only surviving son of Lambert Thomas, who was for many years prominent in Cambridge affairs, and formerly editor of the Guernsey Times, Joseph Sterling Thomas, who died December I, 191o, at Cambridge, was a well known resident of this city. Mr. Thomas was educated as an art and literary student, having studied in the greatest cities of the world. He was born at Zanesville, Ohio, but in very early childhood was taken to Philadelphia, where his natural fancy and affinity for the arts led to rapid advancement. So marvelous was his skill, and so great his aptitude, that it was decided to give him the advantage of foreign study. After graduating from the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, he went abroad to continue his studies. His private preceptors were Thomas P. Otter, George L. Bensell, Stephen Ferris and Joseph Bailly, the eminent French sculptor. He remained in Europe during the years 1878-79. In London he studied diligently along Loth art and literary lines, and produced many pictures which were highly commended by noted artists and critics. He also contributed widely to newspapers and magazines, being an able writer as well as an artist. Upon his return to Philadelphia, he was robbed of a choice and interesting collection of pictures, models, vases, bas-reliefs, and bric-a-brac, by disreputable persons who visited his studio. Mr. Thomas was a direct descendant of Judge Gomber, one of the founders of Cambridge, and of John A fordby Beatty, father of Col. Cyrus Parkinson Beatty, Gomber's brother-in-law and business partner. The Afordby-Beattys are old Virginia and Maryland stock of great antiquity and distinction. Mr. Thomas regarded as his most unique experience the occasion upon which, at an early age, he penetrated through the Black Hills to the base of the Rocky mountains, after roaming through the wilds of Nebraska, Colorado, Montana, Dakota, etc., walking a distance of one thousand miles in six weeks. Mr. Thomas died of heart failure in his bed at the American House where he was taken the night of his death. PEOPLE'S PRESS. The People's Press was established by Wes. Dunifer and later it was conducted by J. F. Solmon and he changed it to the Cambridge Democrat. Still later it was bought by a stock company of which J. R. Barr was manager and editor, and conducted as the Republican-Press, the same style as it is now known and run at present by the Times company, as a weekly family paper of 220 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. much merit. It is newsy, up-to-date and clean. It dates from 1885 and consequently is now in its twenty-fifth year. A CURIOUS EDITORIAL. Shortly a fter J. C. Douglas had assumed the editorship of the Guernsey Times, the following amusing editorial appeared, in the issue for July 24, 1856: "Bring Back My Boots! ! ! "Yes, you thieving buccaneer, bring back my boots. Verily, editors are a persecuted race. Scarcely have I gotten seated upon the tripod, when some thieving rascal, without the fear of God, man, devil or printer before his eyes, steals my boots. May they corn his toes, pinch his feet, palsy his hands, and when he goes to draw them on, may the straps break, and let him fall over backwards and break his 'cussed' neck, and thus escape the hangman, if he don't bring them back." In the issue of the Guernsey Times for March 8, 1834, when Hersh and \Veirich were proprietors, appears the following: "ACKNOWLEDGMENT.—We are indebted to the Hon. Daniel Webster for a copy of his speech in Senate of U. States, on the Deposit Question— also a copy of his Report, as Chairman of the Finance Committee, on the same subject—both in pamphlet form—for which he will please accept our thanks." THE CAMBRIDGE HERALD. The Cambridge Herald was established as a weekly Republican newspaper about 1868, by Mr. Farrar, who a few years later sold to W.. B. Hutchinson and finally, after several changes, in 1882 became the property of Messrs. Mahaffey and Ogier, when it became an independent paper and was thus conducted for a period of twenty-eight years, or until sold in August, 191o, to \V. 0. Moore, who is the present editor and proprietor, with the veteran newspaper man, C. L. Blackburn, as associate editor. It has been a clean, spicy, home paper, published each week, giving the most important news of city, county, state and nation. In connection with this paper there is a first-class job department. Its weekly visits are highly appreciated by a large and increasing patronage. During the more than a quarter of a century that Mr. Mahaffey was conducting the paper, he was four times a candidate for public office, but in all that time he never had his name flaunted in his paper and was independent in GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 221 all things. And for this, he was popular and held office in his state, showing that the masses believe in a citizen who "blows not his own horn." OTHER CAMBRIDGE NEWSPAPERS. The Sun was another newspaper that in its day cut considerable figure in this county. It was established by S. M. Johnson, now of Fairview, and was once the property of Lykes, Ferbache & Hyatt ; then Lykes run it alone for about eight years, when it went down. It was independent in politics, and was under its various managements edited usually by Mr. Blackburn, now as-. sociate editor of the Cambridge Herald. It was published up to within a few years and was a home paper of decided opinions as to the propriety of local matters, and the temperance cause especially. Other journals of more or less importance were the News and Republican, that -merged with the Times, and an educational publication edited by Prof. McBurney for many years and finally removed to another part of Ohio and still a standard educational publication. NEWSPAPERS AT PLEASANT CITY. The first attempt at sustaining a newspaper in Pleasant City was in the establishment of the Record, by S. O. Riggs, and following him came the Area's, by A, T. Secrest. neither one of which had a long or very eventful career. The third newspaper in the place was founded by H. W. Kackley and this was styled the Citizen, which was rather short-lived, as had been its two predecessors. The fourth paper founded was the Leader, by H. D. Flanagan, who started his paper on October 31, 1905, and continued only nine weeks. It was launched under the name of the "Pleasant City Printing Company," nonpolitical. Not having been entered as second class matter, a cent a paper had to be attached as postage on same and still the circulation had reached five hundred and fifty and every inch of advertising space was taken. Failing to secure second class rates in time to justify its further publication, the paper was discontinued. A church publication, styled the Parishinure, or some similar title, was established at Pleasant City in 1904, by W. F. Birely and Rev. C. F. Floto, but this did not continue very long. The next publication was the present newspaper founded by the present 222 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. proprietor, C. L. Stranathan. This is the Recorder founded in February, 1907, It is the best paper ever published in the village. It is now an eight-page. seven-column paper, filled with spicy local news and general political and world-wide news. Its advertising patronage is excellent and the mechanical appearance is seldom surpassed in so small a place as Pleasant City. The latest machinery is employed in printing this paper, together with an excellent grade of job work. BYESVILLE NEWSPAPERS. The first newspaper here, as is usually the case, was not of long duration. About ninety per cent fail as did this paper. Two papers were launched onto the sea of local journalism here before the founding of the present excellent paper, the Enterprise. It was November 1, 1899, when L. W. Smith, backed by D. S. Burt and aided by E. E. Green, established the Enterprise. From that date until 1900 it was published at home, but printed at Cambridge on the Republican presses. Then it was purchased by its present owner, who moved his own plant from Marietta and permanently located at Byesville. July 20, 1905, it was sold to Ella M. Beer, who died soon after, and in order to protect the interests he still held in the business, the present owner was compelled to take it back in. October, 1906. It is now conducted under the head of the Enterprise Printing Company, with J. A. Skinner as manager and proprietor. It is Republican in politics, a lively local chronicler of all that is fit to be published, but never sensational. It is a six-column, eight-page paper, well edited and finely printed on a power press. It enjoys a large circulation and its job department is always full of paying jobs, which formerly went abroad. It has performed its part in the upbuilding of Byesville. CUMBERLAND NEWSPAPERS. The enterprising town of Cumberland is now supplied with one thoroughly up-to-date newspaper, the Echo, established in September, 1885, by W. A. Reedle. The present proprietor is W. G. Nichols, who has been at the helm since 1898. Others who have owned and operated the enterprise of paper publishing here have been, Johnson & Frisby, Albert Johnson, Miss May Stranathan and H. A. Goodrich. It was originally called the Cumberland News. It is independent in politics. The mechanical department is modern. Job printing is executed in excellent style on a Cincinnati jobber, while the Echo is printed on a Fairhaven cylinder press. This local journal chronicles all the news of this section of the "Kingdom of Guernsey" that is fit to be put GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 223 in type. His patronage iS good, but should be materially increased, when one considers the amount of work put upon the publication. QUAKER CITY PAPERS. The Quaker City Independent was established in 1875 by J. D. Olmstead & Son. In 1882 it was bought by J. W. & A. B. Hill, then the youngest newspaper firm in Ohio. The paper is well received by a large patronage. as a clean, bright, newsy journal of local and editorial writings of all the current events. CHAPTER XVI. BANKS AND BANKING. In all commercial countries, the banking business is established about as soon as there is a demand for it. Especially of later years in the history of this country, where the monetary system has been on such an excellent standard as in the United States for the last half century. Private banks, state banks and United States banks, and the various laws controlling them, have all been subjects of much legislation, and while with the latest innovation of the postal savings bank system, just established in this country, there are many things yet to be corrected and improved, it is the pride of our nation that one kind of our money is worth as much now as another. It matters not whether one have in his possession a private bank bill, a state bank bill, a greenback issue, a gold or silver certificate, or any kind of metal money, silver, gold or alloyed coins,--one is as good as another, "for all debts, public and private, except for customs or interest on the public debt," and are taken at par the world over in the exchange banks and great money centers. The small per cent asked for exchanging one kind of money for another, on going abroad, is a mere trifle. But these things were not always so. In the first half of the last century, and until the resumption of specie payment, after the Civil war had ended, gold was held at a high premium over silver and paper notes. In war times gold reached almost three dollars on the Wall street markets, and was quoted, from day to day, as regularly as wheat, corn, cotton and iron are today. That is to say, the five-dollar gold piece was worth fifteen dollars, or nearly so, in paper. Many of our older citizens well recall the days of "wild cat" and state bank money, when no one could tell what the actual purchasing power of the bills he might have one day would be the next day. "Red dog" bills—Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, Illinois and Iowa bank bills—fluctuated from a shilling up to near, but seldom, par value. It was difficult to transact business on such flimsy money and many a man went down on account of the poor system of banking that then obtained from one end of this country to another. Other reference to these things will be found elsewhere in this chapter. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 225 The following is taken from the Guernsey Times, dated March 5, 1842, and will illustrate thiS point quite Well. J. W. Potwin waS a general dealer in Cambridge, at the time, and inserted this notice in the home paper for the purpose of drawing more trade : "NOTICE—The following Bank Bills will be taken for goods at a discount, viz : German Bank of Wooster, Farmers Bank of Canton, Bank of Granville, Bank of Urbana, both Cleveland banks, State Bank and Bank of Illinois, Miami Exporting Company, Bank of Hamilton." The Times of February 3, 1844—three or four yearS before thiS county had a bank—contained the following notice : BANK NOTES. "The notes of the non-specie paying banks sell in Cincinnati at the following rates "Com. bk., Scioto - 10 dis. "Lancaster - 10 dis. "Hamilton - 10 dis. "Lake Erie - 12 1/2 Cleveland - 25 dis. Miami Ex. Co. - 35 dis. Urbana - 45 dis. Granville - 70 dis. ILLINOIS. "State Bank - 40 dis. Shawneetown - 45 dis. INDIANA. "State Bank and Branches - par Scrip - 20 dis. MICHIGAN. "St. Clair, payable at Newark, passes at par—but not taken for taxes. "The notes of all solvent banks in other states generally pass at par." AN OLD BANK DETECTOR. "Capt, A. A. Taylor has received from hiS cousin, Mr. Bruce Taylor, of Wooster, a copy of Kennedy's (late Sibert's) Bank Note Record and Facsimile Counterfeit Detector, bearing the date of 1853, and published monthly beginning in 1837. It contains a list of all the banks then existing in the 226 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. United States. The Guernsey branch of the Ohio State Bank was then the only state bank in Guernsey county, and was located at Washington. John McCurdy was president and William Skinner, cashier, with capital of one hundred thousand dollars. There was never any change of president, but later cashiers were Fracken and Endley. There is a special notice of ones and tens on the Guernsey branch, dated in June, 1849, which were readily denounced as counterfeit, because the Guernsey branch had not issued any bills in June, 1849. "The old detector used to be a necessity in every busy establishment down to the smallest. They went out of use more than forty years ago, and copies of them are now very rare. Captain Taylor prizes it because he finds in it accounts of many of the curious old bills he has collected for many years and has in his cabinet. Mr. Bruce Taylor made a contribution to this collection of a Toronto two-dollar bill on the International Bank of Canada, dated September 15, 1858. It is now pronounced worthless by the United States Treasury Detector, which is the standard in this country."—From the Cambridge Times, in 1904. OLD-TIME VALUES. Here is some history connected with the Times from away back. We give a copy of the note covering the value of the Times, on the 3rd day of March, 1840. The note is in the handwriting of W. W. Tracey, Esq., who was a former owner of the paper : "On or before the first day of July next 'we or either of us promise to pay to William R. Allison, or order, the sum of three hundred and ninety dollars, for value received this third day of March, A. D. 1840. Signed, Chas. J. Albright, 13. A. Albright, M. Sarchet. Attest : Lambert Thomas." It appears that the note was not given for some time after C. J. Albright had possession. There are credits on the note showing the following payments: January I, 1840, eighteen dollars; November 20, 1840, two hundred and eight dollars paid to W. W. Tracey, attorney for J. S. Thomas; December 3, 1840, ten dollars to R. T. Allison, and thirty-three dollars and twelve cents to W. W. Tracey, attorney. There is this endorsement on the note : "Two hundred and sixty-two dollars and twenty-two cents to be paid to J. S. Thomas. Signed : W. R. Allison." The note is left in the hands of W. W. Tracey, Esq., for collection. There is an endorsement by Tracey on the back of the note : "C. J. Albright, note two hundred and sixty-two dollars due July 3, 1840," also the following : "Received January 1, 1841, twenty- seven dollars and thirty cents in full of judgment of the within note due J. S. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 227 Thomas." The history of this transaction is, that Lambert Thomas sold to J. S. Thomas, his brother, and he to Allison, and Allison to Albright. The total credit is two hundred and ninety-six dollars and fifty cents, leaving a balance of ninety-three dollars and fifty cents unaccounted for, which was in all probability taken up by another note. We give another transaction which shows that the early publishers of the Times were hard up, and had to do a good deal of business on tick. The following due bill will explain : "Due John Carman, thirty dollars for printing paper, furnished by him for the Guernsey Times, to be paid to him as the paper is used. Signed : Nicholas Bailhache, Cambridge, Ohio, November 25, 1828." On the back of this due bill is the endorsement, in the handwriting of J. M. Bell, Esq.: "Carman vs. Bailhache, note, judgment $35.90." John Carman was at that day a paper peddler and rag buyer. He lived at St. Clairsville, Ohio. At a later date there was a Philip Carman, perhaps his son, who traveled back and forth from Wheeling, West Virginia, to Columbus, Ohio, engaged in the same business, traveling in a two-horse covered wagon, carrying foolscap, letter paper, wrapping paper, blank books, printing sipaper, inks and quill pens. He continued in this trade up to the opening of the Central Ohio railroad in April, 1854. Old residents on the National road will remember Carman, the paper peddler and rag buyer. There is a certificate given to John Huff for lot 115, Cadiz, Ohio, for thirty-two dollarS and fifty centS. On the back is this assignment : "January 31, 1814, for value received, I do assign unto Eleazer Huff all my right, title and interest in and to the within certificate, and all the benefits that may be had by reason or meanS thereof. Signed, John Huff."' The witness, J. Wilson, was one of the first common pleas judges in Ohio, and held the first session of common pleas court in Guernsey county at Cambridge in 1810. We give this to show the value of town lots at the time of laying out the towns of Cadiz and Cambridge. The price of the first lots sold in Cambridge, Ohio, in 18o6, on Wheeling avenue, to Thomas Sarchet, lots 58 and 59, thirty-seven dollars and fifty cents each ; lots 13 and 14 to John Sarchet, thirty-six dollars and fifty cents each; lot 21 to William Ogier, thirty-five dollars ; lots 22 and 23 to Catharine Marquand, thirty-two dollars each; lot 24 to Thomas Lenfesty, thirty-two dollars; lot 49 to Thomas Naftal, thirty dollars ; lot 51 to James Bichard, thirty-five dollars; lot 54 to Peter Sarchet, fifty dollars; lot 15 to Lloyd Talbott, thirty-five dollars. These lots were located on each side of Wheeling avenue, all within one square of the court house square. It will be seen that the lots in Cambridge were of the greatest value, situated as the 228 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. city is on the waters of Big Wills creek and at the junction of the two great roads of that day, leading from Wheeling and Steubenville to the great west. Cadiz was located at the junction of the Pittsburg and Wellsburg roads, but had not the water advantages that Cambridge had. There is not one of the lots named in Cambridge that is not worth, per front foot, more than double the original first value. In the march of improvement the lots on the corner of Eighth street and Wheeling avenue have continued to keep up first value as leading lots. Cambridge is on the grow. Seated in a barber's chair the other day, we said to the barber, "How many barber shops are there in Cambridge today." He replied, "Fifteen." We said, "Cambridge has grown fifteen times since we first knew it." Then there was but one barber, old Moman Morgan, colored. He went around, twice a week, from house to house, carrying his tools, soap and lather pot, and a head rest that could be attached to an ordinary chair. The barbers of today, who sport their white roundabouts, are not yet up in style to Morgan, for besides a white roundabout, he wore a long white apron. The perfumes of that day were what Eli Marsh, a later colored barber, called the "condiments, bar's oil, goose grease and pomade."—Written for the Cambridge Times by Col. C. P. B. Sarchet in 1906, as a reminiscence of old times. GUERNSEY COUNTY'S FIRST BANK. Up to the war 1848, the banking business necessary for the commerce of Guernsey county was done at Wheeling, Zanesville and Mt. Pleasant, in Jefferson county. In those days the raising of livestock for the eastern markets was the chief source of income in money to the county, and there were many drovers who, or nearly all, were dependent on the banks for accommodation. In 1845 the Legislature passed an act establishing the State Bank of Ohio, with its system of branch banks. Early in 1847 the question of establishing a bank in Washington was discussed, and resulted in the-circulation of papers for stock subscriptions. One hundred thousand dollars of such subscriptions were secured on the 17th day of December, 1847, and proceedings had in compliance with the general act of incorporation. Three ineffectual attempts at this were made, one on the 31st of December, 1847, another on the 24th of January, 1848, another on the 15th of June, 1848, and on the 24th day of June the formal proceedings were satisfactorily completed, and the hank authorized to do business under the name of the "Guernsey Branch of the State Bank of Ohio, at Washington." From the beginning until its close the business of the bank was prudently and successfully managed, and the bank GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 229 enjoyed at every moment of its existence the full confidence of the whole community. To be sure, there was the "crow-bat" excitement, and once notably, during a time of panic, a run of bill-holding brokers from abroad, but the Guernsey Branch was equal to all emergencies and was regarded as among the well-managed banks of the state. John McCurdy was president of the bank from its organization to its close. Its first cashier was William Skinner, who was succeeded by George Fracker, and he by George A. Endley, after whom came Simon B. Lawrence, who remained as cashier until the business was closed up. The first board of directors was composed of John Craig, Henry H. Evans, John McFarland, Kileon Hagar, Charles Hare, John Beymer, Francis Rea, and John Hall.—Jeffersonian, March 9, 1876. NATIONAL BANK OF CAMBRIDGE. The National Bank of Cambridge; No. 6,566, was organized in 1863, as the first bank under the national banking act of 1863 in Guernsey county, its original number being 141. After the expiration of the first twenty-year charter, in 1882, its charter was renewed by a reorganization and the number of the second bank's charter was 2,861, and this twenty-year charter ran out in 1902, when another re-organization took place, hence a new charter and this, the present one, is numbered 6,566. It will be observed that only one hundred and forty banks in the United States had applied for a charter prior to this one, under the then new banking laws of our country, and which have proven such a great success to the people, both bankers and depositors. The original capital of this bank was one hundred thousand dollars, of which sixty-five thousand dollars was paid in at the opening of the bank and within a few months (April, 1863) the balance was paid in. The original stockholders included many of Guernsey county's best men, of the town and country. The following is a list of their names, and it may be said that all are now deceased, but it must be remembered that this bank dates back forty-seven years: Stephen B. Clark, John C. Douglass, Isaac Morton, Robert F. Burt, Nicholas Priaulx, James Beggs, Andrew Henderson, Henry McCartney, Walter Bogle, James Nelson, Thomas Johnston, Isaac W. Hall, George Morrison, George B. Leeper, Samuel Harper, Samuel Stranathan, Daniel Burt, Thomas Lapage, William Rainey, Bernard Brown, John Ogier, Jr., William Black, William N. Farrar, John Marquand, Eli Hall, Samuel Craig, William H. Bell, Marling Oldham, William Black, Charles J. Albright, John Crook, Joseph Fordyce, John Hall, Thomas Hall. In October, 1863, at a meeting for the selection of directors, the follow- 230 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. \ ing were elected : S. B. Clark, I. W. Hall, R. F. Burt, William Rainey, Bernard Brown, Joseph Fordyce, Samuel Harper. The directors elected as their president S. B. Clark ; John R. Clark, cashier. On January 9, 1866, John R. Clark tendered his resignation as cashier and Samuel McMahon was appointed his successor. Then A. C. Cochran was appointed cashier. On February 20, 1880, Mr. Cochran resigned and A. R. Murray was appointed his successor. On November 27, 1882, the stockholders voted to go into liquidation for the purpose of re-organizing. Application was made to the comptroller of currency and received charter No. 2,861, to be known as the Old National Bank of Cambridge, with a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars. The following were the stockholders, under the bank's second charter : S. J. McMahon, R. F. Burt, W. A. Rainey, J. W. Campbell, A. R. Murray, W. M. Farrar, C. J. Albright, S. W. Luccock, J. M. Ogier, W. H. Ledlie, W. B. Cosgrave, Henry McCartney, James T. Lindsay, S. B. Clark, W. M. Scott. January 12, 1883, the following directors were elected : S. J. McMahon, S. B. Clark, W. A. Rainey, W. B. Cosgrave, J. M. Ogier, J. W. Campbell, Henry McCartney. The board then organized by electing S. J. McMahon, president ; J. W. Campbell, vice-president ; A. R. Murray, cashier. January 10, 1903, C. S. McMahon was appointed assistant cashier. January 12, 1903, the stockholders voted to go into liquidation again, for the purpose of again renewing their charter and reorganizing, as required by the banking laws. Application was made to the comptroller of currency for new charter, which was issued as No. 6,566, to be known as the National Bank of Cambridge, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. Under this new charter, the following persons were the stockholders : S. J. McMahon, J. W. Campbell, A. R. Murray, J. M. Ogier, C. S. McMahon, Charles Mast, Fred L. Rosemond, S. M. Burgess, Walter N. Patterson, S. W. Luccock, Rebecca Lidlie, W. W. Harper, R. M. Hood, R. V. Orme, A. P. Frame, A. Westwood, A. M. Sarchet, G. W. Smith. On January 13, 1903, at the annual election for directors the following were elected : S. J. McMahon, J. M. Ogier, S. M. Burgess, Fred L. Rosemond, J. W. Campbell, A. R. Murray, S. W. Luccock. On October 31, 1905, A. P. Frame was appointed by the board as a director, to fill the place of J. M. Ogier, made vacant by his death. The present ( 1910) officers of the bank are : S. J. McMahon, president ; A. R. Murray, vice-president ; C. S. McMahon, cashier ; W. N. Patterson, assistant cashier ; G. W. Smith, teller ; W. L. Orme and Miss Myrtle Ogier, bookkeepers. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 231 Concerning the business transacted by this pioneer national banking house in Cambridge, and the location of the bank itself, it may be stated in this connection that it was first kept in the parlor rooms of the private residence of Dr. Vincent Haynes just on the next lot east of the present bank site. In April, 1867, the records of the bank show that the directors authorized the erection of the present bank building, which stands on lot No. 52, Wheeling avenue, and here the bank has had its home for all of those forty- three years. The First National Bank, as it was styled in April, 1865, made their statement, in which it was shown that the capital was one hundred thousand dollars ; surplus and undivided profits, six thousand four hundred and ninety- two dollars, with deposits amounting to fifty-six thousand five hundred and seventy-eight dollars. The last statement, issued before the bank reorganized in 1882, gave their capital and surplus, with the undivided profits, as one hundred and twenty- nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-five dollars with deposits amounting to four hundred and twenty-nine thousand nine hundred and four dollars. The last statement issued by the National Bank of Cambridge, the present organization, shows (September I, 191o) loans and discounts, four hundred sixty-six thousand nine hundred and sixty-four dollars ; United States bonds, sixty-one thousand five hundred dollars ; banking house and fixtures, nine thousand five hundred dollars ; total resources, seven hundred eight-one thousand and fifty-seven dollars and sixty-six cents. The amount of capital stock is one hundred thousand dollars ; surplus and undivided profits, eighty- six thousand nine hundred and eighty-four dollars and eighty-eight cents; individual deposits, subject to check, four hundred thirty thousand seven hundred and thirty dollars and seventy-two cents ; demand certificates of deposit, ninety-six thousand three hundred and twenty-three dollars and fifty-eight cents, with other items to make the total liabilities same as resources named, seven hundred eighty-one thousand and fifty-seven dollars and sixty-six cents. Through all the shifting years—almost a half century—this institution has remained firm and solid, notwithstanding the three great panics that have overtaken the country since the bank first opened its doors in 1863, when the Civil war was at its height. It has ever had conservative men at its head, as directors and officers, and has been patronized by stockholders and depositors throughout Guernsey county, who have given it standing and reliability. The people, of all classes and nationalities, have had confidence in this bank and they have never been disappointed. 232 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. GUERNSEY NATIONAL BANK. The Guernsey National Bank, of Cambridge, was organized in 1872, its charter being the oldest in the city, and is numbered 1,942. This banking institution was formed by Col. J. D. Taylor and his associates, John Mc- Burney, John Heaume, William Lenfesty, John Ogier, George H. Boetcher, A. A. Taylor, E. Nyce, J. O. Mcllyar and others. The original capital stock was one hundred thousand dollars, then increased to one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Its first officers were: J. D. Taylor, president; W. A. Lawrence, cashier; A. A. Taylor, assistant cashier. The present capital is fifty thousand dollars; surplus, twelve thousand five hundred dollars; deposits, one hundred and seventy thousand dollars, and the 1910 officers are: H. W. Lawrence, president; J. W. Scott, cashier; C. H. Willis, assistant cashier. The bank owns its own building, erected for the purpose in 1872-73, at No. 647 Wheeling avenue. No robbers have invaded this bank in the almost two score years of its history, but some loss was sustained in the fires, of Cambridge, in 1895 and 1902. CITIZENS SAVINGS BANK. The Citizens Savings Bank, of Cambridge, was organized in 1899. Its present officers are: S. M. Burgess, president; W. B. Cosgrove, vice-president; D. M. Hawthorne, secretary and treasurer; J. C. Bowden, cashier; D. M. Hawthorne, assistant cashier. The directors are: C. Stolzenbach, John Hoge, S. M. Burgess, T. W. Scott, William Hoyle, H. P. Woodworth, W. B. Cosgrove, W. C. Brown, D. M. Hawthorne. The official statement for September 1, 1910, shows resources and liabilities amounting to $347,766.54 each. In these are the items of resources: Loans on real estate, $238,589; loans and collateral, $40,427; United States bank notes, $4,405. In the list of liabilities are the following items: Capital stock, $30,000; surplus fund $22,500; undivided profits, $2,083; time certificates of deposit, $81,233; savings deposits, $192,940. CENTRAL NATIONAL BANK. The Central National Bank, of Cambridge, was established in 1882, with an original capital stock of $100,000. Its first officers were A. T. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 233 Hutchison, president; W. E. Bowden, cashier. They own the magnificent, strictly modern building, the same having been erected in 1904. It stands on the corner of Wheeling avenue and Eighth Street, at the southwest corner of the public Square, and is a five-story structure, with fine offices on the floors above the banking rooms on the ground floor. It is also a United. States depoSitory. Their present officers are: E. W. Mathews, president; John R. Hall, vice-president; M. L. Hartley, vice-president; W. S. McCartney, cashier; E. B. Milligan, assistant cashier. Directors: E. W. Mathews, John R. Hall, M. L. Hartley, C. R. Mcllyar, John E. Sankey, J. H. Opperman, C. F. Craig, W. S. McCartney, A. J. Bennett. Their November, 1910, statement shows that they had resources and liabilities amounting to $555,991. The loans and deposits amount to $177,902; United States bonds, $106,618. The capital is still $100,000 and a surplus and undivided profits of $52,969; deposits and money due banks amounting to $307,722. The management of thiS bank has always been first class and it has withstood the panicS that have at various dates disturbed other cities, and has always been able to pay out on demand all that was called for. Its officers are thoroughgoing business men and treat all in a gentlemanly manner. CAMBRIDGE SAVINGS BANK, The Cambridge Savings Bank (state incorporated) was organized April 8, 1905, with a capital authorized at $5o,000, $30,000 of which was paid up. The gentlemen who founded the bank were the following stockholders: B. F. Sheppard, C. C. Cosgrove, J. B. Giffee, R. Kirkpatrick, J. 0. Carnes, R. V. Acheson and J. E. Bair. The officers from the start have been, B. F. Sheppard, president; R, Kirkpatrick, vice-president; C. C. Cosgrove, secretary and treasurer; R. B. AcheSon, cashier; Emory Ferguson, assistant cashier. This institution has occupied the present modern banking building ever since it was organized; it is a handsome brick structure at Nos. 806 and 808 Wheeling avenue. The November, 1910, statement published by this bank showed the following items, among others: Resources and liabilities, $233,026.95. Of the resources there was $149,286 in loans on real estate ; loans on collateral, $10,930; loans and discounts, $23,929. Of the liabilities there were the items of capital, $30,000; surplus fund, $10,000; undivided profits, $5,917; individual deposits, $45,646; demand certificates, $97,280; savings deposits, $44,181. 234 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. This is one of the financial concerns of Guernsey county of which the citizens are justly proud. PEOPLE'S BANK. The People's Bank, of Pleasant City, was established in 1895, with George J. Markley as its proprietor and W. F. Bierly, cashier. No other information is at hand, hence this meagre account taken from the State Bank Directory is here given. (See sketch in biographical volume.) This bank carries on a general banking business in a well furnished banking building and has the confidence of Pleasant City and vicinity. GUERNSEY BUILDING AND LOAN COMPANY. The Guernsey Building and Loan Company, of Cambridge, was incorporated under the laws of Ohio, is under state inspection, and has an authorized capital of $150,000, in shares of $too each. The first officers were: John M. Ogier, president; Joseph Hartill, vice-president; W. H. Brown, secretary; J. B. Dollison, treasurer; W. H. Brown, attorney. It is a purely home institution and no business will be taken from outside this county. Its funds are loaned only on first mortgage securities. It was organized April 26, 1902, and now has assets amounting to over $147,000; it has more than doubled in the last two years. Its present officers are: J. C. Bair, president; J. R. McBurney, vice-president; J. B. Dollison, treasurer; E. A. Scott, secretary; A. R. McColloch, attorney. By fair treatment and business principles, this company is winning the confidence of many a man who wishes to employ the building and loan system for securing a home. BYESVILLE BANKING. The First National Bank of Byesville was incorporated December 10, 1900, and opened its doors for business in the following February. It has grown and flourished until today it ranks high among the solid financial institutions in Ohio. Its organizers were George S. Trenner, R. H. Mills and others, and its original capital was $25,000. At the close of business in 1901, it had deposits amounting to $52,800, and on September 1, 1907, it had reached the sum of $236,379.04. Coming GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 235 down to the spring of 1910, it had in loans and discounts $114,986; bank fixtures and furniture and building, $5,500; total resources, $223,681. Its present officers are: George S. Trenner, president; John A. Thompson, vice-president; E. P. Finley, cashier; W. A. Thompson, assistant cashier. The directors are: H. H. Wilson, George S. Trenner, John A. Thompson, John W. Thompson, W. H. Wilson, E. R. Finley. This bank has had a good business standing among the financial institutions of the county ever since its establishment. In the autumn of 1910 it was believed that with the rapid growth of Byesville, another banking institution would pay; accordingly stock was subscribed by some of the leading business men of the place and $25,000 was raised for the establishment of the Byesville State Bank. J. A. Hoopman was elected president; Palmer McConnell, vice-president; O. L. Howard, cashier. The following comprises the original board of directors: D. S. Hurt, H. C. Egger, J. A. Hoopman, Palmer McConnell, C. W. Eberle, Mike Sherby, 0. L. Howard. The bank will probably be open for the transaction of business sometime during the month of November, 1910. BANKING AT CUMBERLAND. The Bank of Cumberland was first organized in 1896, by Evans & Girton, as a private bank. In 190o J. E. McClelland purchased it from Evans & Girton, the capital stock then being $10,000. Soon after the purchase Mr. McClelland associated with him in business I. C. Young, J. A. Langley, F. L. St. Clair, 0. L. Hunter, T. M. Hathaway, and Catherine Roseman, and increased the capital stock to $15,000, and later to $25,000. In 1908 the bank was reorganized, making of it a state bank called the Cumberland Savings Bank, with a capital stock of $50,000. J. E. McClelland was elected president, F. L. St. Clair, vice-president, and J. M. Bracken, cashier. The present officers are: President, J. E. McClelland; vice-president, F. L. St. Clair; cashier, J. M. Bracken. At the close of business, September I, 1910, this bank's statement showed resources and liabilities amounting to $77,005.27. The resources showed the items of furniture and fixtures, $1,875; loans on real estate, $57,620; other loans and discounts, $67,885. 236 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Among the liabilities were the items of capital stock, $50,000; surplus fund, $1,000; undivided profits, $1,500; individual deposits, subject to check, $63,582; demand certificates of deposit, $60,922. This banking house has always been a conservative concern, safe and sound, and one in which the whole people have ever had the utmost confidence. SENECAVILLE. The First National Bank of Senecaville was established December 12, 1904, by C. M. Hutchison, A. U. Hutchison, J. M. Gregg, Milton Finley, J. A. Lanley, S. L. Murphy, Samuel Laughlin, C. H. Gregg and several others. The capital stock is $25,000, with a surplus of $6,000. The present deposits of this banking house is $65,00o. The bank owns its own building, on Main street. The present (1910) officers are: C. M. Hutchison, president; J. M. Gregg, vice-president; G. F. Pollock, cashier. A general banking business is carried on at this point and this concern has the confidence of the best citizens of the community in which it operates. QUAKER CITY. Banking at Quaker City has come to be of large proportions, the most extensive of any in the county in many ways. The start was made in 1872, when the Quaker City National Bank was established and it is now considered as among the solid financial institutions in eastern Ohio. The late Isaac W. Hall was one of the promoters of this banking house and was its first president, continuing until his death in 1886. He was then succeeded by his son, John R. Hall, who still holds the important position. Hon. W. N. Cowden was vice-president and T. M. Johnson, cashier. The first directors were as follows: Jonathan Rose, Thomas Moore, Eli Hall, Dr. J. T. McPherson, D. C. Goodhart, W. N. Cowden, Isaac W. Hall. Of the original organizers only Messrs. Johnson, Cowden and Goodhart survive. At first the stock of this bank was $50,000, but a few years later it was increased to $1 oo,000. By its safe, conservative methods, its volume of business has steadily grown until today (1910) it has a surplus of more than $20,000. Its September statement of 1910 showed $684,835 in deposits; profits of more than $37,000 and a magnificent banking house building valued at $25,000. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 237 The present officers are: John R. Hall, president; I. P. Steele, cashier; H. S. Hartley, assistant cashier. The directorship is H. S. Hartley, John R. Hall, T. M. Johnson, D. C. Goodhart, Joel Hall, Thomas C. Hall and I. P. Steele. The new bank building was erected in 1909, on the southwest corner of Broadway and South streets. In all of its appointments it is an ideal, modern building, with steam heat and rooms for the convenience of all interested. It is illuminated by both gas and electricity. The structure was designed by architect J. F. Orr, of Cambridge, while the building was constructed by George I. Foreman, of Marietta, Ohio. CAMBRIDGE LOAN AND BUILDING COMPANY. The Cambridge Loan and Building Company, who occupy a beautiful new business house on Wheeling avenue, at No. 814, was organized February 27, 1885. This building is the home of the city officers and the municipality affairs are here carried on on the second floor of the thoroughly modern building. The lobby is one of the finest in this portion of Ohio, being Italian marble of the purest type, the walls being handsomely decorated and the floors of Tennessee marble. This company was formed and the following directors put in charge: W. K. Gooderl, A. J. Hutchinson, William Hoyle, W. E. Boden. R. W. Anderson, Edward Urban and J. C. Beckett. The first officers were W. K. Gooderl, president; R. W. Anderson, vice-president; J. E. Lawrence, secretary; W. S. McCartney, treasurer. The last named. is the only original officer living. Meetings were first held in the Burgess building, in rooms now occupied by Attorney George Dugan, then in the room above the present Times office, and next to the Madison building. There have been three presidents, W. K. Gooderl, to January I, 1888; R. W. Anderson, from 1888 to April, 1902; 0. M. Hoge, from 1902 to date. James E. Lawrence was secretary from 1885 to February, 1901, T. R. Deselm from 1901 to date. The present officers are: 0. M. Hoge, president; A. M. Sarchet, vice-president; T. R. Deselm, secretary, and W. S. McCartney, treasurer. The directors are 0. M. Hoge, A. M. Sarchet, M. L. Hartley, J. M. Logan, T. E. Cook, W. B. Green, W. N. Bradford. The capital was originally $50,000, but in March, 1890, was increased to $100,000; February, 1893, to $500,000; August 4, 1903, to $1,000,000. The stock 238 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. now in force amounts to $700,000 in shares of fifty dollars each. The number of stockholders is now one thousand. This company loans only on first mortgage property and has never lost a dollar yet and many a poor man in Cambridge has been able to secure his home by this method of making his loan. It is certainly one of the city's safe and solid financial institutions. BANK FAILURES. There have been two bank failures in the history of the county, the one of the McCracken Bank, in about 1867, which was said to have been occasioned by the decline of wool, in which the bank had heavily invested at the close of the Civil war period, when prices took a great tumble and caught many of the best business men, merchants and bankers from one end of the country to another. The depositors were heavy losers. This bank had been robbed a few years prior to its failure and among other valuables taken were some government bonds. The thieves were never captured. The latest and second bank failure was that of the Commercial Bank of Cambridge, in June, 1904, when this institution closed its doors and went into the hands of a receiver, it being a state banking house. The two chief stockholders and officers both absconded and later it was discovered that they had taken from the bank's funds money amounting to more than $16o,000. The capital of the bank was $40,600. Later in that year one of the absconders was discovered living in Los Angeles with his wife, and soon was arrested upon intelligence' sent from Cambridge, and he was brought back and stood trial. It was a long-drawn-out case, tried before Judge Mackey, and the verdict of the jury was "guilty." He was tried on many counts, but only one sustained and that for the embezzlement of eighty-five dollars. The case was appealed to the circuit court and the accused man was acquitted. The other party connected with the bank failure was never heard from. CHAPTER XVII. MINES AND MINING. Every county has its special resources of wealth lavished on or within the earth from which the children of men may subsist, if perchance they take advantage of such hidden treasures. The Creator has provided the raw material, and mankind must needs dig and delve and bring such deposits to the surface and appropriate them to their use and comfort. Here in Guernsey county, while the soil is not of that rich, productive character found in other sections of the country, it has stored beneath the surface rich coal fields and rich deposits of clay of various grades, from which brick, tile and pottery are successfully manufactured. Coming to the matter of coal—bituminous or soft coal, as it is usually known—this chapter will speak especially, and incidentally of clays, gas and salt found here in commercial paying quantities. The subject of mines and mining and of geology is to the ordinary reader a dry topic and is of most interest and value to. the technical student of such sciences. From the earliest date it was known by pioneers that this county contained coal. Just what its value might be none of the first settlers knew or even conjectured. Wood was plentiful then and the matter of heating the cabins, business places, schools and churches was of but little consequence to the hardy pioneers who first set stakes in this goodly county away back in the first years of the nineteenth century. Coal mining in this county was not developed to any great extent until in the seventies and early eighties, after railroads had penetrated this territory and given an outlet for the coal product. At other places in this work some of the early coal mines have been referred to, hence need not be repeated here. The only object of this chapter is to make a lasting record of the coal mining industry at this, the close of the first decade of the twentieth century, that other men in later decades may have a report of it. The facts herein have been largely extracted from the chief mine inspector's report. 240 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Ohio had in 1908 (last official report) 50,276 men employed in the coal mines of the state. Of this number 112 were killed. Seventeen per cent of the coal mined was by the pick process and eighty-two by the machine process. The total tonnage mined in Ohio was 26,287,000. There are thirty counties in Ohio in which coal is mined commercially. Guernsey county produced 1,985,248 tons of lump coal; 303,586 in nut coal; 637,614 tons of pea and slack coal, making a total of 2,926,448 tons. The rank among the other twenty-nine counties was fourth. Of this total tonnage, 41,673 tons was of the pick process of mining, while 2,884,775 tons were of the machine mine process. In the one hundred and twenty-nine pick mines there were one hundred and forty-one days worked and the amount of 30,304 tons produced in the county, or an average of one and six-tenths tons per day. The average cut of coal for each machine, per day, was thirty-seven tons. The total number of kegs of powder employed in the mines in 1908 was 18,904. The number of tons produced by each man employed about the mines of Guernsey county was, for that year, 595. There were three new mines opened up in 1908 in this county, three suspended and one abandoned. There are twenty-nine "large mines" in this county and twenty-three "small ones," making a total of fifty-two mines being operated today. Of these, twenty-three are drift mines; thirteen, slope mines, and fifteen, shaft mines, making the total fifty-one. In these mines are used various ventilating methods. In twenty-five there are used fans, in twenty, "natural." Of accidents in Guernsey county in 1908, there were eighty-three; sixteen fatal accidents; forty-eight serious accidents and nineteen minor accidents. Guernsey county is within the fifth Ohio coal. district, which is composed of Guernsey, Coshocton, Tuscarawas and parts of Belmont and Noble counties. W. H. Turner was inspector for this district and resided at Cambridge in 1908. He made one hundred and twenty-two visits to mines within this county that year. All mines in this county are working the No. Seven seam, which runs from five to seven feet in thickness, except Indian Camp, Union No. i and Morris, which are working No. Six seam, varying from two feet four inches to three and a half feet. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 241 DESCRIPTION OF THE LARGE MINES. Eureka mine, operated by the Cambridge Coal and Mining Company, of Parkersburg, West Virginia, is a slope, two hundred and twenty-five feet long, located on the Pennsylvania railroad, near Byesville. Eighteen miners are employed. About seventy-five thousand dollars were expended before any results were had in this mine. Ideal mine is a shaft seventy-five feet deep, located near Byesville, and is wiled and operated by the Cambridge Collieries Company, Cleveland. Fan ventilation and electric mining machinery are used. Walhonding No. 1, owned by the Cambridge Collieries Company, is a shaft mine one hundred and twenty-five feet deep, near Pleasant City. Ninety-four miners and thirty day hands are kept at work. Walhonding No. 2, owned by the Cambridge Collieries Company, is a shaft one hundred and Sixty-one feet deep, located a mile and a half from Buffalo, on the line of the Baltimore & Ohio (eastern branch), and here modern improvements obtain. The Hartford, operated by the above company, with W. H. DaviS, of Byesville, as managed, iS a shaft mine eighty-five feet deep, on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. It has fan ventilation and electric machinery for mining. Here one hundred and eighty men are employed and fifty-seven day men. Trail Run No. I, also the property of the above collieries company, is a shaft mine seventy-five feet deep, Situated near Trail run, on the Pennsylvania road. Fan ventilation and electric machineS are installed. One hundred and nine miners are employed and fifty-nine day men. Trail Run No. 2, operated by the same coal company, iS a shaft mine one hundred and twelve feet deep, uses fans and has electric appliances. Two hundred miners find work in this extensive mine. The Detroit mine, owned by the Cambridge Collieries Company, is a shaft one hundred and eighty-five feet in depth, near Ava. Fan ventilation and electric machines are used in operating the mines. One hundred and seventy-five miners are worked at this mine and seventy- five day hands. Midway mine is located near Byesville, on the Pennsylvania road. Fifty-one men are used in mining coal here. Fan ventilatorS and electric machines are employed here. Blue Bell mine is a shaft eighty-five feet deep, located near Blue 242 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Bell, Ohio, and operated by the Cambridge Collieries Company. Here about one hundred and fifty men are employed. Imperial mine is located at Derwent, this county, on the Pennsylvania road; is a shaft mine one hundred and ten feet deep. It is operated by the Imperial Coal Company. Fan ventilation and electric mining machines obtain. Ohio No. 1, a drift mine near Cambridge, on the Pennsylvania railroad, is owned by the O'Gara Coal Company, Chicago. Thirty- two miners are worked here and fourteen day hands. This was called Nicholson No. i. Ohio No. 2, owned as above, is a shaft mine sixty-five feet deep. One hundred and thirty-two miners are employed and fifty day men. Red Oak mine, located near Byesville, operated by J. R. McBurney, Cambridge, has a furnace ventilation, compressed air mining and pumping appliances. Twenty men find work here and five day hands. Murray Hill slope mine, near Klondyke on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, is operated by the Akron Coal Company. Forty miners and sixteen day men are employed. Klondyke slope mine is situated near Klondyke, Ohio, and is a hundred and fifty foot slope mine, employing ninety miners and thirty- one day men. Several accidents have occurred here. King's mine, operated by the Morris Coal Company, of Cleveland, is a shaft mine one hundred feet deep, near Lore City, employing two hundred miners and eighty day men. Old Orchard mine is operated by the Morris Coal Company, of Cleveland, is a shaft mine forty-eight feet deep, near Mineral Siding. Black Top mine, owned by the last named company, is located in this county and employs one hundred and thirty-four men. Cleveland mine No. I is a shaft almost two hundred feet deep, located near Senecaville and is operated by the Morris Coal Company. One hundred and thirty-five miners are employed and forty-eight day men. West Branch mine is located near Byesville, operated by the Clinton Coal and Mining Company; is a sixty-five foot slope mine on a switch of the Pennsylvania railroad. Coal was discovered here in 1903. Buckeye mine, located near Byesville, is operated by the National Coal Company. It is a hundred and fifteen foot slope. One hundred and eighteen men are employed as miners and thirty-five clay men. Little Kate No. 2 is a slope mine three hundred feet long, and is GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 243 on a switch leading from the Baltimore & Ohio road, near Blue Bell. It is owned and operated by the National Coal Company of Akron. Thirty-three miners and eighteen day men are employed. White Ash mine is located near Byesville and is operated by the Puritan Coal Company, Cambridge. Fan ventilation and electric mining machines are employed. Here twenty-four miners and eight day men are employed. The Puritan mine, owned by the Puritan Coal Company, Cambridge, is a shaft one hundred and six feet deep, situated near Derwent, on the Pennsylvania railroad. It has fan ventilation and employs one hundred and twenty-seven miners and forty-two day men. The Forsythe mine, located near Mineral Siding, is a slope Of one hundred and ten feet in depth. Here one hundred and seventy-six miners find employment and fifty-eight day men. It is owned by the Forsythe Coal Company, Cambridge. Leatherwood No. 2 mine is operated by the Leatherwood Consolidated Coal Company, of Toledo. Fifty-three miners are employed and twenty-one day men. Guernsey Brick mine, situated near Byesville, is operated by the Guernsey Clay Company. Furance ventilation, picking and mule hauling are the milling methods employed here. Nine men are employed as miners and two day hands. Indian Camp is a drift mine located near Union No. 1, and is operated by the same company as the last named. SMALLER MINES OF THE COUNTY. Besides the larger coal mines in Guernsey county may be named the following: The Morris, Burris, Wild Cat, Keenan, Carter, Hollingsworth, B. L. Galloway, Webster No. 1, Webster No. 2, Montgomery, Sayer. Hall, McCormick, Spencer, Bates; Lingo and Briar Hill. In the way of fire clays, there was mined in this county in 19̊8, five thousand eight hundred tons of superior fire clay. SALT MANUFACTORY. We mentioned several monthg since that Elza Scott, of this vicinity', who owns very extensive coal mines on the Central Ohio railroad, east of this place, and who for a number of years past has been exten- 244 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. sively engaged in shipping coal, was engaged in boring for salt. Mr. Scott succeeded in.striking a very strong vein of salt water at a depth of nearly one thousand feet, and his works are now in successful operation. He now runs one furnace, and makes daily from twenty-five to thirty barrels of salt, of very superior quality. It is estimated that the well affords sufficient water to make from fifty to seventy-five barrels of salt a day. Although Mr. Scott has already expended about fifteen thousand dollars in the erection of his works, he intends soon to start another furnace and run the well to its full capacity. We are glad to learn that Mr. Scott's enterprise is being well-rewarded pecuniarily. His net daily income from his salt manufactory alone is fifty dollars, and will be about one hundred dollars per day after the erection of another furnace.— Times, February 7, 1865. NATURAL GAS. Within about three miles of Cambridge, in a direct line, on the premises of :David Sarchet, Sr., is an inexhaustible salt well, from which constantly flows a stream of salt water several inches in diameter, and with it a large and constant supply of natural gas, which can be ignited at any time by merely holding a lighted match near the flowing stream. We have the authority of a scientific gentleman from the east, who visited this well during the oil excitement here, for saying that there is an abundance of gas flowing from this well to light up a place much larger than Cambridge, and that it could easily be conducted here for that purpose at no very great cost ; and he expressed great surprise that steps had never been taken to utilize so valuable a production of nature. The subject is one which should sufficiently claim the attention of the city fathers as to cause them to make such investigation of the matter as to ascertain the feasibility of the plan, and what the cost would be, and, if not too great, measures should be be instituted to light our fast growing little city with it. This subject is brought to our mind by noticing an item stating that Erie, Pennsylvania, has been lighted up with natural gas, that flows from a well sunk near that place. Information in regard to the matter could doubtless be obtained by writing to the Erie Gas Company, Erie, Pennsylvania. The subject, we think, is at least worthy of a little investigation by our city authorities.—Times, November 3. 1870. CHAPTER XVIII. THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE. Cambridge, the county seat of Guernsey county, derived its name from Cambridge in Maryland, from whence came many settlers in 18o8. The buildings of the present city reflect the enterprise and plans of its citizens and property owners. There are today more than five square miles of territory within its limits and it has a population of about fifteen thousand, largely American and English-speaking people. The good, modern class of business houses, factories, churches, schools and residences bespeak of thrift, taste and wealth. Modern Cambridge, from a municipal standpoint, is the direct outgrowth of splendid natural advantages, supplemented by an untiring effort of progressive business men. The coal mines in the immediate vicinity employ upwards of four thousand five hundred men, who are paid good wages, while the mills, factories and railroad shops employ fully twenty-five hundred more. The city draws a retail trade from a radius of twenty miles and in this territory reside almost fifty thousand people. Its location is fifty-six miles from Wheeling and eighty-five from Columbus, and its original plat is located in township 2, range 3. The place was platted by Jacob Gomber and Zaccheus A. Beatty, June 2, 1806. The first houses were made from logs of the forests which were a part of the tract of land upon which the new town was surveyed by the pioneer fathers. Among the first of these rude, but quite comfortable houses was that of the Sarchets, erected in 1807, and in which was kept the first store. In it was organized the first church society (the First Methodist Episcopal) and in it was preached the first funeral sermon. Its exact location was on the northeast corner of Wheeling avenue and Seventh streets. It remained standing until recent years and is now superseded by a good business house. In a March number of the Cambridge Herald, in 1888, the author gave the history of what he termed "The Oldest House In Town," in the following language: The old three-story log building on the west end of Wheeling ave- 246 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. nue, now being taken down, is a relic of the past. The old logs are a reminder of the days when the present site of Cambridge was a forest of timber, tall oaks and poplar, which had stood the blasts of many a western wind, covered the landscape, telling to pioneers the richness of the soil. In those early days the more and larger the timber, the more desirable the land. As we looked today at this old structure, logs of oak and poplar, hewed to a line with corners notched square and plumb, we were led to think of the boldness and hardihood of those pioneers who entered the wilderness to hew out these ponderous structures. This age would not be equal to the task. This house was built by Judge George Metcalf, and was the second house built on the town plat. The old John Beatty house, which stood on a lot now part of the Taylor block, and was destroyed by fire some years ago, was the first. What year this house was built is not certainly known, but it was just a new structure in 1806, when Thomas Sarchet settled in Cambridge. Built as it was on the top of the hill, it was first two stories. It was built for a tavern and was located on what was intended to be the main street of Cambridge. But at the time of its building, the principal thoroughfare, the Zane trace, passed north of it. When the National road was graded through the hill, the cut, still shown on the south, was much higher on the north side, and left the house high up on the bank. This was in the year 1826. We may say that for twenty-two years it was a two-story tavern. Judge Metcalf made the excavation under the house and built in the under story, having it completed with the completion of the National road through Cambridge in 1828, and from that time continued the tavern in the three-story house, being the first three-story house in Cambridge, and lie continued to occupy it as a tavern up to 1843. The name of the house has always been the Mansion House. Judge Metcalf was followed by a Mrs. Greer, and she by George Hawn. These occupied it but a few years, and it has since been a general tenement house for more than thirty years. Judge Metcalf's taven had a reputation far and wide. Many were the horsemen who would, on their journeys, strive to make Metcalf's to stay over night or for dinner. And the jolly stage passengers were more jolly after having dined at the Judge's. We might fill pages telling of the halls, quiltings and wool pickings, where "joy was unconfined," within the log walls of this old house, when there was no "high crust" or "low crust," but "men were men for a' that," and women too, "though clad in hodden grey and a' that." In the rear of this old house was a beautiful GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 247 grass plat, well shaded, where in the summer time the table was spread, and art and nature vied with each other to make dinner or supper hour a feast which the gods might envy. In 1812, the first company raised in Guernsey county for the war, commanded by Cyrus P. Beatty, were given here a free dinner, and later on this grass plat, on great occasions, general muster or first court day, would be filled with. tables, and the clanking of knives and forks and dishes told full well that good cheer and happiness surrounded the board. We now remember of but one accident of note that happened at this old house. In the fall of the year 1837, a horseman named Levi Morgan stayed over night, and was furnished a room in the third story. In the morning he was found lying dead on the pavement. It was supposed, the window being up, that he had rolled out. There was nothing among his effects to show where he came from. His horse, saddle and bridle, and what little money he had, was used for the expense of his burial, and for p. stone to mark his grave, which reads : LEVI MORGAN, Died September 22nd, 1837. "Be ye therefore ready, for in such an hour as ye think not, the Son of Man cometh." EARLY HISTORY, SETTLERS, ETC. (Published in the News in 1872.) All classes of the mechanical arts essential to the wants in starting a town in the backwoods were represented among the first settlers—carpenters, wagonmakers, blacksmiths, cabinetmakers, shoemakers and weavers. To build a cabin was but the work of a day. Many accounts are given where the timber was taken from the stump, the cabin raised, roofed and floored, with puncheons, and a regular "housewarming" had at night in the way of "tripping the light, fantastic toe." The first hotel opened to the public in the town proper was by George R. Tingle, in a part of the old house still occupied by the Tingles. Travelers were notified that it was a house of security and safety, by the sign of the cross keys. A little later George Metcalf opened the Mansion House, now the Sidle House, then a one-story building, and Captain 248 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Knowls opened the "Traveler's Rest," in the old log house that stood on the 'Webster lot. At the close of the war of 1812 and for years, after, Cambridge could boast of six hotels in good running order, with open bars where whisky was sold at three cents a drink. The first store was opened by John and Thomas Sarchet, in the room now occupied by T. C. Marsh for a cigar and tobacco store, in which was retailed dry goods, groceries and the regular "old hardware" by the gallon. The first brick house was built by John Sarchet, on the Shoufield corner; the second, front of the Fordyce house, by Jacob Gomber. The sawed lumber used in construction of the first house was whipsawed by two Scotchmen, named Landy and Miller, .who had a mill erected on the Presbyterian church lot, where lumber was sawed to order. THE WHIPPING POST IN CAMBRIDGE. On the whipping-post in Cambridge, Colonel Sarchet wrote in the Times, in the spring of 1906, as follows : The first session of the common pleas court of Guernsey county, held in the new court house, was the August term, 1816. The journal reads : "The court of common pleas was held in the court house in Cambridge, Guernsey county, Ohio. Present : Hon. William Wilson, presiding judge ; Jacob Gomber, Robert Spears and Thomas B. Kirkpatrick, associate judges. The first jury case called was : The State of Ohio vs. Samuel Timmins, indicted for uttering base coin. The following jury was called : James Thompson, John Tedrick, James Bratton, William Pollock, William Allen, Hugh Martin, Jesse Marsh, Thomas Roberts, Andrew McClary, George MCCleary, John Huff and James Lloyd." Samuel Timmons was found guilty in the case for the same offense, and was sentenced by the court to receive, in one case, nineteen lashes on his bare back, and in the other case, twenty lashes. He was whipped on two different days. On the first day nineteen lashes and on the next day twenty lashes. This was a case of speedy execution. • There was no motion for stay of execution or arrest of judgment. Elijah Dyson, sheriff, did the whipping. It was done in the presence of the grand jurors who found the indictments and of the jurors who found him guilty, and others who were in attendance at court and citizens of the town. The whipping was in public. A large oak tree, perhaps two feet in diameter, that stood near where the large elm now stands on the southwest corner GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 249 of the square, had been shattered by a windstorm from the west. It was broken square off apast the centre some eight or ten feet from the ground and slivered down to the ground on the east side. This stump had stood there for many years until the bark was off it. Its west side was smooth. The prisoner was stripped down to below the waist. Then he was tied by the arms around the stump with a cord and also with a cord around his legs and around the stump. It was said that the lashes were well laid on and that the blood flowed at every cut. This old stump was used as a hitching post within the memory of the writer. Certainly at this day this would seem brutal and inhuman, yet brutality may be protected. This was the only case of whipping in this county. Judge Wilson was known throughout his district as the "Whipping Judge." There was introduced at the beginning of the present (1906) Legislature a bill to re-establish the whipping post for the punishment of certain minor crimes. The whipping post law under the old constitution of Ohio was repealed by the Legislature of 1829-30. Gen. James M. Bell, Esq., was the representative from Guernsey county and the speaker of the House. He opposed the repeal of the law, and in a speech favoring its continuance, gave substantially the same reasons as did President Roosevelt in his message to the present (1906) Congress, advocating a whipping post law for the punishment of minor offenses. EARLY DEEDS MADE. All about was a wilderness. The Sarchets were the first purchasers of lots in the town, and, after the Beatty house, built the first cabin on the town plat. The second Guernsey settlers came to Cambridge in June, 1807. The deeds were all made to Guernsey settlers, except one to William Marsh. The deeds to out-lots were not made until the county was formed in 1810. In the fall of 1807 the settlement had grown to the proportions of a hamlet, consisting of log cabins, located along the main thoroughfare, now Wheeling avenue, as follows, and all inhabited by a sturdy people : Thomas Sarchet, two cabins at what is now the corner of Seventh street and Wheeling avenue, on north side of latter; across the street to the southward were those of John Sarchet ; on the west lot on the corner of West Eighth street were the cabins of Peter Sarchet ; on what is now the National. Hotel site were those of James Bichard, and then on the next corner east those of Thomas Naftel ; on what is now the Doctor Ramsey and C. B. Cook dwellings were the cabins of