(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORICAL. CHAPTER I. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY-NATURAL FEATURES. Guernsey county is bounded on the north by Tuscarawas and Harrison counties, on the east by Belmont county, on the south by Noble and on the west by Muskingum and Coshocton counties. Its soil is derived chiefly from the underlying rocks, which are mostly shales or sandstone. Except on the eastern borders, where the limestone at the base of the upper coal measure is reached, this applies where the soil is loose and thin. In some places it affords barely enough hold for the growth of grasses on the steep hillsides. A very small portion of the lands in the county were uncultivated later than 1880. It has every facility for a good dairy section, and to this many have, of late years, turned their attention with much profit. Its many springs and cooling streams make it an ideal country for this branch of farm industry. Sheep also do well and long years since the county ranked third and fourth of all the counties in Ohio in the production of sheep and wool. The county, generally speaking, is very hilly and uneven in its topography. It has been rightly termed "up hill and down hill" in its make-up. The highest ground is in the northwest and southwest portions. Four miles out of this county—over in Muskingum county—west from Spencer township, Guernsey county, is situated High hill, the highest isolated point in Ohio, though in Logan county the general altitude is greater. There is a romantic appearance to the general topography here. Strange to say, there are no valleys but those shut in and surrounded by other hills and valleys. There are quiet dells, retiring far between the swelling hills, and this makes the whole scene one of beauty and charm to the passer-by. The slopes afford good pasture, and in many instances the hillsides are covered with fine vineyards. The best mines in the county are located. in the southern part. The southwestern section affords an excellent farming country, and many years ago this was noted for its wealth of livestock and prosperous farmers. 26 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. The drainage of the county is by the valley of Wills creek, a branch of the Muskingum river. The headwaters of Wills creek include the well- known streams or creeks, Leatherwood, Crooked creek, Salt fork, Bushy creek, and Sugar Tree fork, Leatherwood being the larger of these tributaries. Wills creek flows from its headwaters in Noble county, through the entire length of Guernsey, emptying into the Muskingum near the corners of Muskingum and Coshocton counties. All other streams in this section of Ohio flow toward the south, but Wills creek flows north—away from the Ohio. It is a sluggish stream, following a tortuous course, north and south, through the western part of the county, with scarcely a foot fall per mile—hence its sluggishness. Its numerous tributaries form a complete network throughout the entire county. The soil through which Wills creek flows is yellowish, hence the yellow appearance of this stream everywhere it meanders. The county abounds in a good grade of both lime and sandstone and valuable clays; it also has an abundance of excellent timber, though much of the original forests have been long ago cut and sawed, leaving, however, a good supply for the present and oncoming generations. Beech, poplar, sycamore, oak, chestnut, maple, elm and ash are among the valuable varieties of timber growing. Coal, which is mentioned in the Mining chapter, underlies almost every portion of the county and has come to be the most paying branch of Guernsey county’s industries. Salt can be had by boring wells, which was done at a very early date in the history of the county. Nature, everywhere within the confines of this county, smiles on man and yields up her treasures of soil and mineral wealth. The landscape certainly is one "ever a feast to the eye," and is admired by resident and stranger alike. When the spring buds put forth, there is a sweetness in the atmosphere one seldom finds elsewhere. When autumn puts on her robes of beauty and silently glides winterward, no finer hues and brilliant commingling of forest leaves can he seen on the continent. While there are many countries with a deeper, richer soil, and where the raising of crops can be carried on with' less work and more profit, there are few better countries for the general resources that go toward making man happy and contented with what nature has given him. The following interesting items concerning the streams of this county and their names are from the pen of Hon. William M. Farrar : The streams of Guernsey county come somewhat curiously by their names, as Leather- wood, from a bush having a tough, leathery bark used by the pioneers for many useful purposes; Yoker, from the yoker brush that grows along its GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 27 banks; Wills creek, from Wills river, Maryland; Crooked creek, from its winding course; Little and Big Skull forks, from the fact that in early times the Indians, having made one of their raids into the white settlements east of the Ohio river, were returning with their prisoners, among whom were a mother and infant child; being pursued, they first killed the infant and left the body to be devoured by the wolves, who left no remains but the lit- Ale skull ; farther on the mother was killed, and in like manner devoured by the wolves, leaving only the skull. These skulls were found by the pursuing whites on the banks of the streams which thus received their respective names. Another stream is named Indian Camp, from one of their camping grounds. The settlement of the county was curious, in that settlers from so many different districts met here. The Virginians and Guernseymen met at Wills creek; the Yankees, from Massachusetts, and western Pennsylvanians, in the southwest ; Quakers, from North Carolina and Chester county, Pennsylvania, in the southeast ; the Irish, in the northern and western townships. A settlement from New Jersey extends into two townships, while there are families, descendants of the HesSians, in the southern part of the county, that came in through Virginia and Maryland settlements. The youngest (laughter of General Stark, of the Revolution, (lied in this county, aged ninety-nine years. The man who wields the second oar in the painting of "Perry's Victory," in the rotunda of the Ohio State House, was a Guernsey county man known as "Fighting Bill" Reed. He was of Virginia or Pennsylvania stock, who learned the blacksmith trade of William McCracken, of Cambridge. General Broadhead's trail in his Coshocton campaign in 1781 against the Indians is distinctly marked through the county. There were no Indian villages in this region, it being the hunting ground of parties that hunted and fished along the principal streams. In 1798 "Zane's Trace" was cut through the county. When Zane’s party arrived at Wills creek crossing they found the government surveyors busy surveying the United States military lands. They had a camp on its banks. At this time the only dwelling between Wheeling and Lancaster was at Zanesville. The Zanes were from the south branch of the Potomac, near Wills river, Maryland, and hence gave the name Wills creek to the stream. So far as known, Ebenezer Zane's party consisted of himself, his brother, Jonathan Zane, John McIntire, Joseph Worley, Levi Williams, and an Indian guide named Tomepomehala. 28 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Wills creek is a sluggish stream with a clay bottom, and, choked up as it was at that clay with driftwood and rubbish, was a difficult crossing, and the Zanes, in compliance with the requirements of the act to establish and maintain ferries at the principal crossings, probably induced a man by the name of Graham to establish one there. It was the first stream west of Wheeling on the "Trace" over which they placed a ferry. Who this first ferryman was or where from is not known. He remained about two yearS, and was succeeded by George Beymer, from Somerset, Pennsylvania, a brother-in-law of John McIntire, of Zanesis party. McIntire was a brother-in- law of Ebenezer Zane. Both of these persons kept a house of entertainment and a ferry for travelers on their way to Kentucky and other parts of the West. Mr. Beymer, in April, 1803, gave up his tavern to John Beatty, who moved in from Loudoun county, Virginia. Beatty's family consisted of eleven persons. Among these was Wyatt Hutchinson, who later kept a tavern in the town. The Indians then hunted in this vicinity, and often encamped on the creek. In June, 1806, Cambridge was laid out. and on the day the lots were first offered for sale, several families from the British isle of Guernsey, near the coast of France, stopped here and purchased lands. These were followed by other families, amounting in all to some fifteen or twenty, from the same island, all of whom, settling in the county, gave origin to its present name. Among the heads of these families were William Ogier, Thomas Naftel, Thomas Lanfisty, James Bichard, Charles and John Marquand, John Robbins, Daniel Ferbrache, Peter, Thomas and John Sarchet and Daniel Hubert. ORIGIN OF SOME GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. (From Col. C. P. B. Sarchet's Writings.) There is a significance about names both historical and otherwise. We know that Millwood township was first settled by Quakers, and that your beautiful city was first called Millwood. The name now, Quaker City, is appropriate, but because the Websters built a mill on Leatherwood, didn't give it the name of Millwood. The reason for the name is farther back in history. Who knows? Coming down to Salesville, we know that the Brills and Williams were first settlers there, and that Brillsburg and Williamstown would have been appropriate names, but the name is farther back. Who knows? There have been some stories written about the "Leatherwood God" Dylks. We wrote one of these. We placed him as entering unseen into the old log "Temple" north of Salesville. Another writer says he made his am GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 29 pearance at a camp meeting held near the "Miller meeting house." There is no question but there was a Dylks, but where the "God" appeared ought to be definitely located ; whether on the mountain top or in the vale, who knows ? At the first Pennyroyal Reunion, the late Hon. Newell Kennon gave some historical reminiscences. He said that the contractor who built the old stone church, for the Reformed Associate Presbyterian church, in which Dr. Samuel Lindsey ministered so long, placed a jug of whisky, and that when the church was torn down, the workmen found the jug and the whisky in a high state of preservation. "They drank the whisky, but I don't know what became of the jug." Now it would not do to say Presbyterianism about Fairview had for its cornerstone a jug of Whisky, but it was put there for some reason by the contractor. So it is sometimes with history. A part is given and the other is lost. Leatherwood creek was named from a peculiar bush that grew along its banks that was as pliable as leather, and was used as withes by the early settlers. Beaver creek, because of the beavers and beaver dams along it. Seneca creek, from the oil that gathered on the salt water at the old Satterthwaite salt works (which was gathered by spreading clothes on the water and then wringing out the oil, which was the same as the oil of Seneca Lake, New York. This oil was used for medicinal purposes. In our boyhood we took some dropped on loaf sugar, but would have preferred to mix the dose ourself). Salt Fork creek, from the salt lick found at the covered bridge on the National road, where the old Moore salt works were located. Buffalo creek, from the many evidences of buffalo trails and stamps found near them. A legend is that the Indians had captured a woman and child, and on being pursued, had first killed the child, and later the mother. The child's skull was found near Little Skull fork and the mother's near Big Skull fork. CHAPTER II. INDIAN OCCUPANCY--TERRITORY ACQUIRED BY WHITE MEN. La Salle, the famous adventurer and explorer, was beyond much doubt the first white man to tread the soil of what we now call Ohio. With a few followers and led by Indian guides, he penetrated the vast country then held by that powerful tribe of North American Indians known as the Iroquois and went down the Ohio as far as the "Falls,'' or where the city of Louisville now stands. There his band abandoned him and he traced his steps back north alone. This, it is believed, was in the winter of 1669-70—two hundred and forty years ago—and this was more than a hundred years before Marietta, Ohio, was settled by the white race. This daring French explorer doubtless camped at the mouth of the Muskingum river. In 1682 he reached the Mississippi river, descended to its mouth, and there proclaimed possession of the vast valley in the name of his king. Prior to the middle of the eighteenth century, the French people reasserted their ownership of the Northwest and did actually take possession of what is now the northern part of Ohio, building a fort and establishing a trading station at Sandusky. Celeron de Bienville made a systematic exploration of the Ohio valley and formally declared by process verbal the ownership of the- soil. August 16, 1749, he was at the mouth of the Muskingum river, which fact was revealed in 1798 by the discovery of a leaden plate deposited by him and which set forth the exploration. The plate was found protruding from a bank, after a freshet, by some boys, who cut away a portion of its inscription, not knowing its great historic value. The same was translated by William Woodbridge, later governor of Michigan. A similar plate was found in 1846, at the mouth of the Kanawha. These were to reassert the rights of the French government to this land. While the French had a good title to this state, it was not long before it was wrested from them by the British crown. The Colonial Ohio Land Company was organized in Virginia in 1748, by twelve associates, among whom were Thomas Lee and Lawrence Augustine, brothers of George Washington. Under this company, Christopher Gist explored the Ohio valley as far as the Falk. The company secured GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 31 a royal grant of half a million acres in the valley of the Ohio river. It was intended to at once found a colony, but the French opposed it, and the royal governor of Virginia sent George Washington, then a young man, to the commander of the French forces to demand their reason for invasion of British territory. Washington received an answer that was both haughty and defiant: He returned and made his report to the governor, who abandoned the idea of making- immediate settlement, but at once set about asserting the English claims by force of arms. The result was the union of the colonies, the ultimate involvement of England in the war that ensued, the defeat of the French, and the vesture in the British crown of the right and title to Canada and of all the territory east of the Mississippi and south to the Spanish possessions in the South. Ben Franklin had tried to effect a union of the colonies, but was unsuccessful. He had proposed a plan of settlement in 1754, and suggested that two colonies be located in the West— one upon the Cuyahoga and the other on the Scioto, which tract he declared had not its equal on the North American continent, having timber and coal almost on the surface ready to mine. But the English did little toward improving their title or effecting settlement here in Ohio. George Washington made a journey down the Ohio in 1770 with several others interested. He camped at Duck creek, as is shown by his diary. Through his instrumentality, the western scheme was revived. A large colony was formed, which included the old Ohio Company and the Walpole scheme, as well as recognizing the bounty act of Virginia volunteers in the French and Indian war. Had it not been for Indian troubles coming on this would have been a wonderful success. Col. Henry Bouquet had made the first English expedition into the Ohio country in 1764, for the purpose of punishing the Indians and recovering from them the captives they had taken during the previous years on the Pennsylvania and Virginia borders. No blood was shed, the Indians assenting to the terms offered them. The expedition was directed against the Delawares upon the Tuscarawas and Muskingum. Bouquet obtained two hundred captives at the hands of the savages, and returned to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) with an army of fifteen hundred men. For a time this quieted the Indians of the Ohio country, and the next ten years passed peacefully. But to resume the history first spoken of. The Shawnees had become very hostile, on account of the prospect of their having to lose their lands and because of the murder of Logan, the famous Mingo chief, who had been dwelling with them at old Chillicothe. To quell the disturbance thus 32 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. arising, Lord Dunmore, royal governor of Virginia, organized an army of invasion into the Indian country. He had command of one wing and entrusted the other wing to Gen. Andrew Lewis. The forces of Lewis were attacked by the Indians, south of the Ohio river, and the ensuing combat, known as the battle of Point Pleasant, was one of the bloodiest in Indian border warfare up t0 that date. Dunmore did not get into a real engagement with his wing of the army. A treaty was held at Camp Charlotte, in which all agreed but old Logan, the Mingo chieftain, who there made the speech which all school boys used to delight in reading and "speaking," being the most eloquent one ever coming from the lips of an Indian, and equal, so Thomas Jefferson said, to any made by classic scholars the world round. The Revolution came on, and the West was no longer the scene of military action. But a soldier who served under Dunmore,—George Rogers Clark,—of whom the late lamented James A. Garfield remarked, "The cession of that great territory, under the treaty of 1783, was due mainly to his foresight and courage, and who has never received the adequate recognition due him for so great a service"—at the close of the Revolution was instrumental in making the Northwest territory a portion of the United States, instead of leaving it to be possessed by the English, in the terms of peace that were made. Had it not been for this, the Colonies would have been owners only of the country east of the Alleghanies, unless the West should be later conquered by them from the British. He sought out Governor Patrick Henry, then governor of Virginia, who allowed him (Clark) to raise seven companies of soldiers and to seize the British posts in the Northwest and this brought the territory rightfully into the territory agreed upon when the treaty was finally effected between the Colonists and England. He also made two other expeditions--both against Indians upon the Miamis—in 1780 and 1782. Thus Ohio—a part of the Northwest territory—became a part of the United States and not held as a province of Great Britain. INDIAN HISTORY. To August, 1831, the first treaty for the removal of the Indians from Ohio vas made, and in September, 1832, the first removals were made by David Robb and H. A. Workman. The tribes removed were Shawnees and Senecas. David Robb had been a former prominent citizen and official of Guernsey county, was sheriff and senator and representative in the Legisla- GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 33 ture and publisher and editor of The Washington Republican, the first Democratic paper of Guernsey county, published at Washington. He was appointed Indian agent by President Jackson. David Robb published a very interesting history of his connection with the Indians as agent in The Belle Fountain Republican, and of his several overland journeys with them to their new "hunting grounds" west of the Mississippi river. The last Indian tribe to be removed from Ohio was the Wyandottes, Rev. James B. Finley, of the Methodist Episcopal church, was a missionary among the Wyandottes, and gives in his autobiography many interesting incidents of his connection with this tribe. The Indians who lived in and fished in what are now the bounds of Guernsey county were the Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas and Mingos. These tribes had towns at the forks of the Muskingum. It is mistaken history when it is said that there were no Indian towns in Guernsey county. There were at least five, Old Town, above Byesville, one at the Fish Basket, north of Cambridge, one on Salt Fork creek, one on Indian Camp run, and one on Bird's run. Many of the tribes referred to resorted to Guernsey waters because of the fish they contained and of the riffles where they could securely set their "fish baskets." All of the Indians did not take kindly to the wish of General Jackson, the then "Great Father," that they give up their hunting grounds in Ohio in exchange for hunting grounds west of the Mississippi river, and roving bands of the peaceful but dissatisfied red men moved about through the state. In September, 1834, one of these bands visited Cambridge. The Guernsey Times, then published by Hersh and McPherson, gives us a local note, "that a band of Indians are in camp near this town." It is left for an eye-witness, although then young, to complete that local of 1834. The Indian camp was located south of Gaston avenue, on the site now known as "Silver Cliff." At that time the ridge was covered with oak and beech trees. The water for the use of the camp was gotten from a spring in the old Asher-Williams lot. There were perhaps a hundred men, women and children. They remained in camp there for ten days or more. They wore, when they wore anything ( for it was warm and pleasant weather), the usual Indian dress of blankets and breech-clouts. The men were peaceful and quiet, except when they had been presented too freely with "whisk." They had no arms except bows and arrows and tomahawks. The women had Indians' trinkets, which they peddled about the town. The men put in the daytime mostly shooting with their bows and arrows at 34 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. "fips and levies," set up in split sticks driven in the ground.- Their prin cipal shooting place was in the street west of the Hutchison tavern. The distance was sixty feet. The "fips and levies" stuck in the splits were the prizes to the shooters who hit the mark. The squaws, with their pappooses tied to boards and hung on their backs, or set up against the houses, stood around and enjoyed the sport and cheered the lucky Indian who took the prize. Those who took the most interest in the shooting contests and mingled most with them were Edward Rogers and G. W. Mulholland. Rogers was a silversmith, having a shop in the east room of the Ogier house. Mulholland was a tailor, and had a shop in the Seneca Needham house, located on the now Orine Hardware Company corner. They were strong Jacksonians, and would try to make the Indian chiefs understand that the "Great Father," at Washington City, would deal justly with the Indians. But these Indians were on a strike against the si'Great Father," and they only "ughed" at the praise given by these Democratic followers of the "siGreat Father." These Indians were a mixture of tribes, Delawares; Shawnees, Wyandottes and Senecas. They came to Cambridge from the south, crossing Wills creek below the old Gomber-Moore mill. They had a few old wagons and carts. The tent poles and many of the trappings were tied around the necks of the ponies and horses and dragged upon' the ground. The squaws had charge of the train, and, according to Indian custom, did most of the work, while the big, lazy "bucks" rode horses and the children who were big enough to ride rode the ponies. The older men and women and the small children rode in the wagons and carts. Some of the women rode on ponies, two to each, and some rode sidewise and some astride. It may have been that these rovers were• visiting their old hunting and fishing grounds on Wills creek. When they broke camp, they moved towards the north. To the writer then, and in a backward view now, it was a better "wild west" parade than "Buffalo Bill" ever made at Cambridge. It was a parade of the pure, una dulterated "Ingen," without spangles, feathers or paint. With the tribe were two white women, who had been captured in infancy, who had lost all trace of their white ancestry, and were the apparently happy wives of two big, lazy "bucks." There were in 1805 live Indian families residing in this vicinity. Two brothers, named Jim and Bill Lyons, who had their huts up the bottom where William Tedrick's house now stands; Joseph Sky, who lived at the mouth of Brushy fork, near where Lynn's mill now is; one Doughty, who GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 35 had a but between Mrs. Culbertson's and Newman Lake's, who had two squaws; and one named Hunter, who didnsit have any squaw. Doughty’s extra squaw was an incumbrance, however, being one of Simon Girty's, which he and the Lyons brothers were under obligations to support for some service Girty had rendered their fathers. She was exceedingly ill-favored and very intemperate. These Indians hunted in that neighborhood during the summer, and when winter came would pack up and move off to Big Stillwater, where they had a sort of Indian town. They were, however, very friendly and not troublesome. Jim Lyons had a white wife, a girl that his father had taken prisoner when a child ; having adopted and raised her, his son married her. In her dress, appearance and manner she was as much an Indian as any of them, and could not have been distinguished had it not been for her hair, which was fairer than that of the Indians and inclined to be wavy. She was very reserved in her manner towards the whites; seemed to avoid their society, and was never known to speak to a White person, or in their presence. In one respect the Lyons brothers were an exception among Indians—they didn't like whisky; and as Girty's old squaw wouldn't do without it, she lived most of her time at Doughty's hut, and would get drunk, whenever she could get liquor enough, and swear and tear around, and quarrel, and "take on equal to any of the "white trash.'' ANECDOTE OF COL. JOHN M'DONALD. (From "Howe's History of Ohio.) in the year 1791 or '92, the Indians having made frequent incursions into the settlements along the Ohio river, between Wheeling and Mingo bottom, sometimes killing or capturing whole families, at other times stealing all the horses belonging to a station or fort, a company consisting of seven men rendezvoused at a place called the Beech bottom, on the Ohio river, a few miles below where Wellsburg has been erected. This company were John Whetzel, William McCollough, John Hough, Thomas Biggs, Joseph Hedges, Kinzie Dickerson and a Mr. Linn. Their avowed object was to go to the Indian towns to steal horses. This was then considered a legal, honorable business, as we were then at open war with the Indians. It would only he retaliating upon them in their own way. These seven men were all trained to Indian warfare and a life in the 36 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. woods from their youth. Perhaps the western frontier at no time could furnish seven men whose souls were better fitted, and whose nerves and sinews were better strung to perform any enterprise which required resolution and firmness. They crossed the Ohio, and proceeded, with cautious steps and vigilant glances, on their way through the cheerless, dark and almost impervious forest, in the Indian country, till they came to an Indian town, near where the headwaters of the Sandusky and Muskingum rivers interlock. Here they made a fine haul, and set off homeward with fifteen horses. They traveled rapidly, only making short halts to let their horses graze and breathe a short time to recruit their energy and activity. In the evening of the second day of their rapid retreat they arrived at Wills creek, not far from where the town of Cambridge has since been erected. Here Mr. Linn was taken violently sick, and they must stop their march or leave him alone to perish in the dark and lonely woods. Our frontiersmen, notwithstanding their rough and unpolished manners, had too much of my Uncle Toby's "sympathy for suffering humanity," to forsake a comrade in distress. They halted, and placed sentinels on their back trail, who remained there until late in the night, without seeing any signs of being pursued. The sentinels on the back trail returned to the camp, Mr. Linn still lying in excruciating pain. All the simple remedies in their power were administered to the sick man, without producing any effect. Being late in the night, they all lay down to rest, except one who was placed as guard. Their camp was on the bank of a small branch. Just before daybreak the guard took a small bucket and dipped some water out of the stream on carrying it to the fire he discovered the water to be muddy. The muddy water waked his suspicion that the enemy might be approaching them. and were walking down in the stream, as their footsteps would be noiseless in the water. He waked his companions and communicated his suspicion. They arose, examined the branch a little distance, and listened attentively for some time ; but neither saw nor heard anything, and then concluded it must have been raccoons, or some other animals, puddling in the stream. After this conclusion, the company all lay down to rest, except the sentinel. who was stationed just outside of the light. Happily for them the fire was burned down, and only a few coals afforded a dim light to point out where they lay. The enemy had come silently down the creek, as the sentinel suspected, to within ten or twelve- feet of the place where they lay; and fired several guns over the bank. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 37 Mr. Linn, the sick man, was lying with his side towards the bank, and received nearly all the balls which were at first fired. The Indians then, with tremendous yells, mounted the bank with loaded rifles, war-clubs and tomahawks, rushed upon our men, who fled barefooted and without arms. Mr. Linn, Thomas Biggs and Joseph Hedges were killed in and near the camp. William McCullough had run but a short distance when he was fired at by the enemy. At the instant the fire was given, he jumped into a quagmire and fell; the Indians, supposing that they killed him, ran past in pursuit of others. He soon extricated himself out of the mire, and so made his escape. He fell in with John Hough, and came into Wheeling. John Whetzel and Kinzie Dickerson met in their retreat, and returned together. Those who made their escape were without arms, without clothing or provisions. Their sufferings were great, but this they bore with stoical indifference, as it was the fortune of war. Whether the Indians who defeated our heroes followed in pursuit from their towns, or were a party of warriors who accidentally happened to fall in with them, has never been ascertained. From the place they had stolen the horses they had traveled two nights and almost two entire days, without halting, except just a few minutes at a time, to let the horses graze. From the circumstances of their rapid retreat with the horses it was supposed that no pursuit could possibly have overtaken them, but fate had decreed that this party of Indians should meet and defeat them. As soon as the stragglers arrived at Wheeling, Capt. John McCullough collected a party of men, and went to Wills creek and buried the unfortunate men who fell in and near the camp. The Indians had mangled the dead bodies at a most barbarous rate. Thus was closed the horse-stealing tragedy. Of the four who survived this tragedy none are now living to tell the story of their suffering. They continued to hunt and to fight as long as the war lasted. John Whetzel and Dickerson died in the county near Wheeling. John Hough died a few years since, near Columbia, Hamilton county, Ohio. The brave Capt. William McCullough fell in 1812, in the battle of Brownstown, in the campaign with General Hull. CHAPTER III. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY. From the beginning Guernsey county territory had belonged to Washington county up to 1788, when it was included in what was organized as Muskingum county, in 1804. Prior to the adoption of the state constitution in 1851, there was much agitation about a new county, to be formed out of parts of Guernsey, Tuscarawas and Coshocton, with New Comerstown as the county seat. But when the new constitution was adopted the issue was forever removed from the minds of the projectors of that scheme. A word concerning the term "Military Land District" may not be out of place in this connection. The origin of this term is from the fact that in 1798 Congress appropriated certain lands to satisfy claims of the officers and soldiers of the Revolutionary war. These lands were surveyed into townships five miles square, and these again into quarter-townships, containing four thousand acres, and some later into forty lots of one hundred acres each, for the accommodation of soldiers and others holding warrants for that number of acres. What land was not required for the satisfaction of military warrants was subsequently sold by act of Congress, and the designation of "Congress Land" given to it. In 1903 Congress granted to the state one- sixth of all the lands in the United States Military District for the use of schools in the same. As the population of the townships warranted, they were named, having previously been designated by numbers., In 1812 the legislature provided for a road from Cambridge to Coshocton. The Marietta and Cleveland road was completed at a later date. The land district of which Guernsey county is a part was surveyed west of the seventh range, into townships of five miles square, and a quarter township of two and a half miles square, between 1798 and 1804. Zaccheus Biggs, as deputy surveyor, made a part of the survey, and George Metcalf, then a young man, formed one of the surveying party. He was charmed with the locality and enthused many at his home with the idea of effecting settlement here, and he really prevailed upon Jacob Gomber, his father-in-law, and Zaccheus A. Beatty, brother-in-law of Gomber, to purchase a quarter of a township (four thousand acres), upon which the city of Cambridge is now situated. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 39 The survey of the land district was completed in 1804 and the land subject to entry, from the land office at Zanesville, at two dollars per acre. Settlements were soon made in different parts of the county, as will be seen in the chapter on "Early Settlement," following this chapter. By order of the Ohio State Legislature in 1809, a new county from portions of Belmont and Muskingum counties was formed and by its provisions it was called Guernsey in honor of the first emigrants from the isle of Guernsey. Prior to that time—March t0, 1810, the actual dating of the bill—all territory which is now included in this county west of the eastern boundary of what is now Wills township, Madison township and Washington township, was a part of Muskingum county. East of the present townships of Londonderry, Oxford and Millwood formed a part of Belmont county. April 23d, following, there was held a meeting at the house of George Beymer, at Cambridge, and there and then the first county commissioners were sworn into office for Guernsey county. They were James Dillon, William Dement and Absalom Martin. Elijah Beall was appointed clerk and John Beatty, treasurer. Elijah Dyson was appointed lister of the residents of the newly made county, as being subject to taxation. Thomas Knowles was the first sheriff, George Metcalf, first surveyor, Peter Wirick, first auctioneer, and Joseph Smith, first coroner. It was ordered that the new county be divided off into five civil townships to be called Oxford, Seneca, Wills, Cambridge and Westland. Much difficulty was experienced by reason of there being no map of the territory within the county just formed. Tavern licenses were fixed at from four to ten dollars. At the meeting of June 10, 1810, a township, to be known as Buffalo, was ordered to be set off, and a meeting held at Jacob Jordon's on June 23d, that year, when township officers were duly elected. Wheatland township was organized June 9, 1810. The same date Andrew Marshall was awarded the contract to construct a county gaol or jail. On July 28, 1810, a meeting was called to elect officers for a township to be called Richland and was held at the house of Samuel Leath; also one the same day for election of officers for Madison township at the house of Absalom Martin. On September 15, 1810, Wheeling township was organized and two justices of the peace and other officers elected at a meeting at the home of William Gibson. On September 4th of that year, there had been held a meeting of the board, at which the bounty for every wolf-scalp of wolves over six months 40 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. that had been killed within the county, was fixed at two and one-half dollars and one dollar for those under six' months. On December 25, 1810, Robert Johnston became clerk. The Steubenville road was completed from Cadiz to Cambridge in 1811 and in June that year Lloyd Talbott was awarded the contract to build, or rather superintend, the construction of a county court house, while Z. A. Beatty and Jacob Gomber were chosen as contractors to construct the same. The jail was completed September 3, 1811. In March, 1815, Valley township was incorporated, at a meeting held at the house of William Thompson. On June 3, 1816, it was ordered that a new township be made and named Jefferson ; this was taken from the west of Madison township. It was also, at that date, ordered that Londonderry township be formed from parts of Madison and Oxford ; that Beaver township should be formed from parts 0f Seneca and Oxford townships ; also that Olive township should be set off from Buffalo township. Monroe township was incorporated from the north end of Jefferson township, and township officials were elected at the house of Lawrence Tetrick in April, 1818. Knox township was formed from the northern end of Westland and the west end of Wheeling township. On April 8, 1819, it was ordered that the south row of sections in Wheeling township be added to Cambridge township. Spencer township was set off from the west end of Buffalo township in March, 1819. Liberty township was created in 1820; Centre township in 1822 and Washington in 1823. In June, 1824, Jackson township was organized, and in 1827 Adams was taken off of Knox and. Westland townships and named in honor of John Quincy Adams, then President of the United States. In 1851, Buffalo, Beaver, Olive and Seneca townships were detached from Guernsey county, and since then have been included in Noble county. As soon as the townships were organized the county-seat question was agitated. Both Washington and Cambridge wanted the seat of justice. Messrs. Beatty and Gomber made a proposition to donate the public grounds and furnish a suitable set of public buildings ready to roof if the county seat should be located at Cambridge, and their offer was accepted. Several attempts have been made since the location of the county seat, to remove it to Washington, but of late years this talk has all ceased and with the present GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 41 city of Cambridge and the court house and jail so substantial, the question will probably never be before the people again. After the above preliminary steps had been taken, it remained for the board of county commissioners to provide highways, bridges, and suitable buildings for the county,, as its settlement increased. The chapter on "County, State and National Representation—Political" will inform the reader aS to who the men were at the helm during all of the formative period of the county's development, and other chapters will show how well they laid the foundations. The government of this county is treated in the next chapter and there will be seen much of the county's building, its taxes and expenditures to the present time. As the platting of towns and villages comes with the settlement of every new county organized, its surveyors and recorders have to execute these records, this topic naturally comes under the head of organization and will here follow the list of such town plattings : TOWN PLATS OF THE COUNTY. During the years of the county's history there have been many village, or town plats, executed in the various townships. Some are still in existence, but many have long since become defunct. The following is a complete list of all that have ever been platted, with date, location and name of the proprietors (township name at date of platting) : Wheeling was platted by David Dull on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 14, township 4, range 3, in Wheeling township. It was surveyed April 24, 1874. New Birmingham was platted in 1826, by William Carson, and was re- platted for assessment purposes June 14, 1860; it was located on section 11, township 4, range 2. Guernsey, in Cambridge township, in section 4, township 2, range 3, of the United States military lands, was laid out by John Fordyce, J. W. Robins and Madison D. Robins, November 7, 1872. New Gottengen, by Charles Heidelbach, on the "Clay Pike," in Richland township, May 13, 1836. Winchester, on section 14, township 3, range 1, August 1S, 1836. Its proprietor was Isaac Bonnell. Elizabethtown, on the National turnpike, by Jacob Weller, in Wills township, March 7, 1832. Londonderry, by Robert Wilkins, August 19, 1815, in Londonderry township. 42 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Salesville was incorporated August 20, 1878. The original plat was surveyed in 1835, with George Brill as its proprietor. Antrim, by Alexander Alexander, March 1, 1830, on lot 12, in the first quarter of township 3, range 1, of the United States military school lands. Liberty, by William and John Gibson, on a part of the southeast quarter of section 23, township 4, range 3, August 2, 1828, Fairview, on the southeast quarter of section 2, township J0, range 7, by Hugh Gillaland, March 24, 1814. Middleton, on the National pike, on the north half of section 31, township 10, range 7, September 1, 1827, by Benjamin Masters. Hartford, September 26, 1836, by David Johnston and John Secrest, on the southeast quarter of section 4, township 8, range 9) in "Buffalo" township. Senecaville, on the banks of Seneca creek, in Richland township, by David Satterthwaite, July 18, 1815. Bridgewater, March 24, 1834, by William Orr, on the northwest quarter of section 25, township 2, range 7. Portugal, November 14, 1833, by Levi Engle on the northwest quarter of section 3, township -, range 1. Olivetown, on the southeast quarter of section 5, township 6, range 9, by John Wiley and Isaac Hill, September 27, 1815. Craigsborough, on the west bank of Duck creek in the northeast quarter of section 4, township 6, range 9, by William Craig, February 26, 1818. Zealand, on the northwest quarter of section 27, township 9, range 10, by Benjamin Bay, June 21, 1820. Williamsburg, in "Beaver township," on the southwest quarter of the south half lot 3, section 16, by William Finley, November 21, 1828. Union, by Elijah Lowery and John Laughlin. May 4, 1812, on the southeast quarter of section 9, township 1, range 2. A part of this was donated to the county for court house .purposes, should the seat of justice be located at that point. Paris was platted on the southeast and southwest quarters of section 22, township 1, range 4, by William Hunter, December 24, 1827. Point Pleasant, at the junction of the Beaver and Seneca forks of Wills creek, on the northeast quarter of section 13, township -, range 8, by Benjamin Wilson, July 24, 1829. Newburn, on section 22, "Beaver township," by Thomas Walsh, November 27, 1828. GUERNSEY COUNTY OHIO - 43 New Liberty, on the southwest quarter of section 20, township 1, range 3, by Richard Dickinson, October 17, 1815. Lexington, platted on the southeast quarter of section 24, and the northeast quarter of section 25, township 7, range 8, by Jacob Young and Jacob Myers, August 12, 1816. Millwood, by Jonah Smith, on section 20, township 9, range 7, in "Beaver township," February 18, 1835. It is now Quaker City. West Barnesville, by Ford Barnes, December 23, 1825. Martinsburg, by John Bickham and James Welsh, May 17, 1816, in Madison township. Kimbolton (same as old Liberty), in Liberty township, incorporated November 5, 1884. Byesville, by a number of persons. It is located in Jackson township and was platted November 26, 1881 (as an incorporation), but the original platting had been executed on section 6, township 1, range 2, July 1, 1856. Quaker City, on section 20, of Millwood township, was platted as Millwood by Jonah Smith in 1835. Spencer Station is on sections 7 and 13, of Millwood township. Mount Ephraim, in "Seneca township," platted June 29, 1838, by Ephraim Vorhees, on section 33, township 8, range 8. Kennonburg, in township 8, range 8, and in the east half of section number 2. was platted by Daniel Rich and Arthur Vandyke, December 2, 1839. West Boston, by Charles Phillis, December 3, 1836, on section 23, township I, range 4. Putneyville, on the southeast of the northwest quarter of section t0, township 9, range 7, was platted by George W. Henderson, April 30, 1846. Bailey's Mills, platted May 14., 1855, on section I, township 9, range 7, by Jesse W. Bailey. Bridgeville, by Washington Shoff, February 5, 1848. Cambridge (City), original platting, by Jacob Gomber and Zaccheus A. Beatty, on June 2, 1806. Washington, by George and Henry Beymer, September 28, 1805, at a time when this county was still a part of Muskingum county. New Salem, by William Hosack, April 21, 1845, on the Grade Road leading from Cambridge to the Ohio Canal. Mantua, August 6, 1853, by Thomas P. Wilson and William P. Rose, on the northwest quarter of, section 3, to'wnship 2, range 4. Centreville, on the southwest quarter of section 5, township 2, range 2, by David Kinkead, August 31, 1842. 44 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Easton, in Washington township, by Alexander Frew, November 21, 1842. Florence, by Samuel Arbuthnot, September 12, 1842, on the Steubenville, Cadiz and Cambridge macadamized road. Derwent, in Valley township, on a part of section 4, township 8, range 9, by Eliza. Dickerson, August 0, 1898. Rigby, on the northeast quarter of section 4, township 1, range 2, in Centre township, by Henry Moss, December 20, 1898. Kingston, in Centre township, on the northeast quarter of section 3, township I, range 2, by John H. Robins. Lore City, June 8, 1903, in Centre township, on the Leatherwood creek. Opperman, in Valley township, on the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 14, township 9, range 0, by Thomas Moore and wife, August 28, 1903. Fletcher, November 5, 1908, by J. B. Hamilton, A. E. Fletcher and B. V. Witten, on the west half of section 11, township 8, range 9. Blacktop, on section 8, township 1, range 2, July 2, 1900, by M. L. Spaid. Midway, on lot 35, township 1, range 3, in Jackson township, by Mike Stifka, October 31, 1904. Greenwood, by Thomas Taylor, June 12, 1848. Cumberland, by James Bay, on the northeast of section 32, township 9, range 10, April 24, 1828. Claysville, on the west half of the southwest quarter of section 22, township 1, range 4, by Ford Barnes, June 7, 1828. There have been numerous villages-a small collection of houses and trading places with postoffices, besides the above, but were not regular plats. These include Hopewell, Londonderry, Winchester, Indian Camp, etc. INCORPORATED TOWNS. The incorporated towns of the county are : Cambridge (City), Salesville, Pleasant City, Cumberland, Quaker City, Byesville, Senecaville, Fairview, Kimbolton, Lore City, Washington, Hartford. A LOST TOWN. The first town laid out in Guernsey county, rightfully speaking, was on the old Zane trace, five miles to the east of Washington, on the northwest half of section 19, township 2, range 1. The proprietor, Joseph Smith, called the town Frankford, but the records of Muskingum county, to which the GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 45 lands of this county then belonged, show the plat of a town named Frankby, and Frankley, recorded September 13, 1805 ; this makes the place twenty-three days older than Washington. Who Joseph Smith was and what became of him, no one seems to know. There being no record of the patent, it cannot be told whether he entered or squatted on this land, but he evidently had some notion of building a town at the point named in the platting, for lot No. 5 was designated as having been "reserved for court house purposes." Lot No. 13 for gaol and "north spring, on lot No. 29, for the free use of the public square and all the commons on the south side of the same." But his hopes were soon to be blighted; the first cabin erected there was for a tavern, and whisky was so cheap that the advantages of the free spring water were not duly appreciated. All the pioneer townsite man received was the name "Smithtown," by which the site was ever after known. As late as 1870, a traveler named Cummings, who kept a diary, says therein : "August 8—The stage being only to go fifteen miles, I left Cambridge on foot ; the first five miles were excellent road, over a long, very high range of hills, without a house, to Beymertown—twelve cabins, four being taverns, and one a blacksmith shop. Four and a half miles farther no inhabitants ; the road is still good, but is leading over several high, short and steep ridges, which generally run from north to south. Then passing a cabin and farm, in a half mile I came to Frankford or Smithtown, where I breakfasted. This is a small village or hamlet of eight or ten cabins, some of which, as well as several in the neighborhood, are inhabited by families from Peekskill, New York." A record shows that in 1807 Smith and wife conveyed lot No. 20 to John D. Seiman for twenty-seven dollars and fifty cents. Other lots sold at forty dollars each. In 1809, Andrew Moore, of New Castle, Delaware, became a resident of Frankford and owned a tavern that became somewhat noted, and there, in 1819, Gen. Robert B. Moore married the daughter of Jacob Gomber, took his bride to her new home, accompanied by a large company of friends from Cambridge, they going on horseback. William H. Farrar wrote of this many years later and it is "good history" today. In 1814, Smith and wife sold, for a consideration of two thousand dollars, the quarter section of land on which Frankford was platted to Jacob Gomber. in 1846, at the October term of court, this platting was vacated and its history ended. Its once noted hostelry, that fed and rested many a weary traveler, has long since disappeared; its streets and alleys have been converted into a cow pasture, and its court house and jail sites appropriated to the growing of corn and potatoes. CHAPTER IV. EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY. To have been in the vanguard of civilization and among the first persons to penetrate so goodly a domain as Guernsey county, Ohio, with the view of making permanent settlement, is an honor, though possibly such honor was never fully realized by Mr. Graham, who, it is believed now, was the first white man to invade the territory with the view of remaining and building for himself a permanent habitation, in what was then a great wilderness, which had only been explored by the Indian race and possibly a few white adventurers. The date of Mr. Graham's settlement was 1798 and he located where afterwards the watertank of the railroad stood in Cambridge. Doubtless there were a few "squatters" who tarried for a short time within this county, as early as 1796, as it is claimed that Levi Williams had a son John horn where Washington now stands, March 8, 1806, and that the father came in 1796, but of their experiences and future whereabouts no record now exists. It should he remembered that Guernsey county now contains more than five times as many people as did the entire state of Ohio in 1798, when the Graham settlement was effected. The southern part of Guernsey county was the first to be settled to any considerable extent and the first township to have a permanent settler was Cambridge. Pioneer Graham’s cabin was the only house between Wheeling and Zanesville. Two years later, or thereabouts, came George Beymer, from Somerset, Pennsylvania, and these two persons kept a house of entertainment, and also a ferry for travelers on their way to Kentucky. In 1803 came John Beatty from Loudoun county, Virginia, and purchased the tavern which was on the "Zane Trace." which was a blazed path through the wilderness from Wheeling to Chillicothe, on the west hank of the Scioto river. Ebenezer Zane marked the path, and for his seryices received three sections of land at the crossing of the rivers—one on the Muskingum, one on the Hocking, and one on the north hank of the Scioto—with the right to run a ferry and toll bridge over the Ohio and Muskingum rivers. Zanesville was located on his section, at the crossing of the Muskingum, and from him it derives its name. The various township histories in this volume will relate much of interest GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 47 concerning the settlement in different parts of Guernsey county, hence need not here be mentioned. During the year 1805 the survey of the plat of Cambridge was executed and the first house built on that platting; it stood on what came to be the Shaw property, and was occupied by John Beatty, father of Zaccheus A. Beatty. More concerning this family and its settlement 'will be found in the city chapter of Cambridge. Also an account of many of the families, including those who emigrated from the beautiful isle of Guernsey, from which the county took its name, will be given in detail in such chapter. Wild animals abounded on every hand here when the pioneer band first invaded these parts. Bears, wolves, deer, etc., were very plentiful, and both state and county paid a bounty of two dollars for wolf scalps. LIFE OF THE PIONEERS. The pioneering days in America are almost over, forever. The great public domain is fast being settled and developed, the lands being divided and sub-divided and prices steadily advancing, until ere long American real estate will be as high priced as in the old European countries. The modern pioneer disappears after the iron horse has made his 'way to the new, unsettled countries, whereas the first pioneers of our republic went in long years in advance of either steamboat or railroads, hewing their way through the dense forests and there subduing land, covered with stumps and roots, raising crops which, if there was a surplus, had to be drawn by oxen or horses many miles to market. These conditions have all been reversed; now the husbandman can raise' his crops and sell at his yery door and it is transported by steam or electric cars to points near at hand, where good prices richly repay him for his toil and investment—hence the happy, prosperous homes of the twentieth century in this country. The first settlers had to cook their venison and other wild meats without salt, for there was none within many miles and cost much money when it could be obtained. When this necessary commodity was brought, it came by way of pack-saddles over the mountains. It did not come by good highways such as obtain now, but over roads unbridged and for the most part unworked by man. The first work of the pioneer was to clear away enough timber to make room for his cabin and a garden patch. After his cabin was raised, he set about cutting timber, hewing and splitting, while the good housewife busied herself by spinning, weaving and knitting. Nearly all the clothes worn by the 48 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. first corners to Guernsey county were home-made—made by the industry and genius of the mother, wife or daughters, while the "men folks" were busily engaged in the hard task of clearing up a field and fencing it. The axman was ever employed. The rude log cabin, illy furnished, provided their only shelter from summer's rain and winter's blasts. The fireplace was used for both cooking and heating; the andiron and blackened crane were then as essential as the modern heater or gas range is considered today. Puncheon were used for floors and shakes for shingles. Post bedsteads, with ropes for holding the straw or feather ticking, and the little trundle-bed at the side, were used instead of the present-day iron gilded beds and children's fancy cribs, with their silk and satin lined couches in which sleeps the twentieth-century infant ; yet Presidents and statesmen have come from both the old fashioned and the new ! The log cabin has nearly become extinct, like the wild beast and bird that roamed and winged their way through the forests of this county a hundred years ago. In the place of the cabin of logs and the mud chimney at its end, have come the modern mansions and elegant farm-houses, all provided with suitable fixtures, even to steam heat and electric or gas lights. Rude and homely was the cabin, Beauty did not deck its hearth; But the kettle sung a home-song, And the birch logs crackled mirth. Its chambers were not high and spacious, No marble stairway led to them, But, O, for a night of boyhood, To climb the ladder once again. The cabin sleeps in ruins, The ivy from the roof has fled, The mould is its only monument, All but memories sweet are dead. And as the years around us gather, At li fe's end and eventide, We'll think then of the cabin Down by the river's side. The pioneers of this county desired an education for their children, but rude indeed were the early day school houses. They were constructed, like GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 49 all buildings, of logs, and poorly finished. In place of glass windows, usually an opening was left in the logs and over it was stretched a greased paper, which admitted enough light to allow the pupils, with their young, bright eyes, to see to study from the old United States Speller, Murray's Grammar and now and then consult the Western Calculator. While the children of early-day Guernsey county were rocked in sugar troughs, fed on Johnny-cake, corn bread, and mush and milk, with wild meats, yet they grew to manhood and womanhood and have furnished their full share of brains and muscle for the carrying on of a county, state and nation, through three wars, and had time and genius enough to develop one of the best subdivisions in the Buckeye state. Clothing was made from buckskin, tow, linen or flax, manufactured at home by their own hands, unaided by modern machinery. Sometimes, the family being large, a traveling spinner might be engaged. He usually came along with his little spinning wheel and would generally do the spinning act at a "fipenny bit" a dozen. Again, a journeyman tailor would call with his press-board and "goose" to make up the home-spun cloth. These days are forever gone on this continent. A better era has come to mankind, but really do we as a people generally appreciate the transformation? There are those still among us—a very few—who remember those pioneer days and the scenes of seventy and eighty odd years ago. These have seen the thick jungle and denser forest fall and the sunlight allowed to strike full and brilliant on fields ripe with an abundant harvest ; the hillsides are the scene of orchard and rich vintage, while the leaves are yet turning to amber and gold. These have seen the last of the Indian, the last of the wild game, the last of the log cabin. They have survived to see the wilderness blossom as the rose, with dwelling and churches and school-houses on every hand. Verily, the pioneer "builded better than he knew." A WOUNDED DEER. (From the Jeffersonian. Written by C. P. B. Sarchet, as told him by Joseph Culbertson.) Two old pioneers, Jim McClurg and John Dixon, were the noted deer hunters in the early history of Cambridge, and many were the thrilling and, at times, dangerous incidents told of their deer hunting experiences. They usually supplied venison saddles in the winter to the old taverns, and at