Wheat, bu. Corn, do:   Oats, do.   Flax seed, do. Timothy, do. Clover, do.   Beans, do.   Onions, do.   Potatoes, do.   Corn meal, do. Coal, do.   Flour, cwt.   Flour, bbl. Hay, ton  Wood, cord   Eggs, doz.   Socks, pair   Dried Peaches,

$1.03 .40 .37 .75 3.00 4.50 1.00 .75 .37 .44 .04 2.75 5.50 8.00 1.00 .10 .31 1.50

Wool, lb. Bacon, do Butter, fresh Pork, Beef, do. Tallow, do Lard, do. Candles, do Beeswax, do. Calf skins, do. Hides, do. Soap, do. Feathers, do. Flannel, white, Do., barred Linsey Linen Rag carpet

$0.30a45 6a 8 15 31/2a 4 4a 8 9 7 12 25 6 1/4 4 3 33 50 62 31a33 25a37 25a37

The price of produce of all kinds fluctuated greatly in the years immediately preceding the great panic. Here are two reports taken from the Guernsey Times of June and July, 1854: GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 365 "When we went to press last week, the price of wheat in the market was one dollar and seventy cents per bushel. Since then, it has fallen to one dollar and forty cents. We have heard of a few persons who refused to sell their wheat when it was one dollar and eighty cents, expecting a still higher figure. These do not belong to the 'luck in leisure' class."—June 29, 1854. "On Monday morning last the price of wheat came clown to one dollar per bushel."—July 6, 1854. CAMBRIDGE MARKET, 1837. "Flour—This article is selling at six dollars and fifty cents per barrel from stores and mills. Wagon price, six dollars, "Corn—Is selling at fifty cents per bushel, and in great demand. "Oats—Fifty cents per bushel is freely given. In great demand. "Wheat has fallen to one dollar per bushel. "Bacon—The hog round—from six to seven cents—hams, seven cents." —Guernsey Times, May 6, 1837. 1840—Wheat, forty cents ; corn, twenty-four cents ; oats, eighteen cents ; flax, seventy-five cents ; beans, seventy-five cents ; flour, per barrel, two dollars and seventy-five cents ; salt, two dollars and seventy-five cents ; butter, eight cents per pound ; lard, six cents; bacon, six and one-fourth cents. MARKET PRICES AT LATER DATES. It may not be without interest to know of the market quotations in Guernsey at different times in the history of the county. During the Civil war the following prices obtained in 1865 : Wheat, two dollars per bushel; corn, eighty cents ; oats, fifty-five cents ; timothy seed, five dollars per bushel; beans, two dollars ; onions a dollar and a quarter ; potatoes, seventy cents; salt, three dollars and fifty cents per barrel; flour, eleven dollars a barrel; hay, eighteen dollars per ton ; rags, five cents per pound (for paper-making) ; eggs, twenty-five cents per dozen ; butter, forty cents; hogs, twelve dollars per hundred weight ; beef, ten dollars and fifty cents per hundredweight ; candles, twenty-five cents per pound ; tea, one dollar and fifty cents to two dollars and fifty cents per pound ; sugar, twenty-five to thirty cents a pound ; country socks, fifty cents a pair ; wood, two dollars and seventy-five cents per cord. These prices were based on the greenback money and "shinplaster" money then commonly used ; gold was at a premium, running as high as two dollars and eighty-eight cents. But our money was good. As a 366 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. contrast, we will give the current prices in Richmond, Virginia, in 1863, when the war was at its midway stage : Corn, eleven dollars per bushel; oats, six dollars per bushel; hay, ten dollars per hundredweight; apples, forty-five cents apiece, or forty-five dollars per barrel; onions, sixty-five dollars per bushel ; lard, two dollars a pound ; butter, three dollars and fifty cents per pound ; cheese, two dollars per pound ; fresh beef, seventy-five cents a pound by the quarter; Irish potatoes, six dollars per bushel; white beans, one dollar per bushel; peanuts, twelve dollars and fifty cents per bushel ; cranberries, one dollar and fifty cents a quart ; turkeys, twelve dollars each ; oysters, twelve dollars a gallon. This was payable in Confederate money. PRESENT PRICES. The quotations of today—1910—may be of little interest to the present reader, but will be read with interest by another generation, hence will be subjoined. The following quotations are from Chicago markets largely : Cattle, from four dollars and fifty cents to seven dollars and fifty cents ; calves, from seven dollars and twenty-five cents to nine dollars and twenty- five cents ; hogs, six dollars and ninety-five cents ; sheep, three dollars and fifty cents to four dollars and fifty cents ; wheat, ninety-one cents ; corn, forty-four cents ; oats, thirty-one cents ; mess pork, six dollars and fifty cents. Groceries in Cambridge, at retail, were : Flour, two dollars and sixty cents per hundredweight ; granulated sugar, eighteen pounds per dollar; rolled oats, per pound, eight cents ; seeded rasins, ten cents; tomatoes, eight to ten cents per can ; corn, eight, ten and twelve cents per can ; crackers, seven cents per pound ; potatoes, seventy cents; rice, eight and ten cents ; breakfast bacon, twenty-five cents; lard, sixteen cents. CALIFORNIA GOLD FEVER HERE. The following was published in the centennial history of this county in the columns of the Jeffersonian, in 1876, and the author here makes use of it again : "At once after the discovery of gold in California, the fever for emigration to the new Eldorado broke out in Guernsey county. Her people have the reputation of being restless and ever on the move, which fact may be traced to her former inefficient agricultural state and to the then and now want of manufacturing enterprise, It has become a saying that Guernsey GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 367 county people are found everywhere. Go where you will, some of them are sure to confront you, and in connection with the California emigration of 1849-50, she shares the early honors with Posey county, Illinois, and Pike county, MiSsouri. "Posey county wagons will long be remembered, and a Pike county, Missouri, reminiscence of those dayS will long live in the song of Joe Bowers, in which is related the terrible account of a black-headed Californian having borne to him a red-headed baby. This doggerel will live as long as the more pretentious poems of Joaquin Miller and his imitators. "Guernsey county gave to California many names for siteS of towns, placers, valleys, etc., and Moore's Flat, named for Gen. J. G. Moore, who led the first Guernsey company, will be remembered as long as there is a Cah fornia history to relate how the many worn and hungry emigrants poured down from the mountains to the hospitable and generous cabins of the Cambridge-California Mining Company, for by that name was the organization known, having for its object, 'the accumulation of gold and silver by mining and trafficking in the gold regions of California and New Mexico.' "The company was organized March 31, 1849, and was to continue two years. It was the first company, we believe, which WaS organized in the state for this purpose. The shares of the stock were 0ne hundred dollars each, and all members were to share alike in the accumulations, no matter if they became physically unable to labor. Members were permitted to send delegates, the agreements with whom were to be filed with the secretary. No division of the accumulations was to be made until the proposed return in 1851. It was stipulated that no service was to be performed on the Sabbath day, except for the protection of the lives or property of the members of the company, and that 'members should recognize each other as brothers, by being affable and gentlemanly in their deportment.' "No amendment was to be permitted to the constitution of the company, except in 'full meeting and without one dissenting voice.' Gambling, either among themselves or with others, was prohibited, and the use of intoxicating drinks, except under medical advice, was forbidden. This was perhaps the first prohibition movement ever inaugurated in the county. These stipulations were not rigidly adhered to by some of the members and delegates. Many of the members never came back, some died, and others made California their permanent residence, and their famihes have there become honourable members of society, and been elevated to many official places of great trust. The company as originally organized consisted of the following persons : Zaccheus Beatty, J. G. Moore, Joseph Stoner, Andrew Hanna, C. D. Bute, N. L. Wolv- 368 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. erton, Sol. Sunna frank, George Chance, John Boyd, Henry Shively, James Kirkpatrick, John McKelvey, Samuel M. Roberts, John Clark, Samuel Johnson. (Members who sent delegates.)

Members	Delegates
Eliza Turner Boaz Lofland William Shaw M. Green A. E. Cook J. P. Tingle William Abell Noah Hyatt H. C. Ferguson John Sunnafrank Jenkin Mulvane John Mulvane O. H. Davis William H. Craig E. Steese C. Basset William K. Davis Charles Armor	Benjamin Plummer William Lofland James Allison John Beall Alfred Cook John Hutchison “ John N. Davis Abraham Conrad Jacob Ferguson William M. Rabe Seth J. Dickinson “ Aron Patterson “ J. Ax “ James V. Davis “

BOUND FOR THE LAND OF GOLD. (Guernsey Times, March 26, 1852.) "On Tuesday last the following persons departed from this place, bound for California, by the overland route : Jeremiah Jefferson, Cambridge; Milton Jefferson, Cambridge; Franklin Jefferson, Cambridge ; Josiah Morgan, Cambridge ; Thomas Bryan, Cambridge ; John Morrow, Cambridge; Andrew Cowen, Cambridge Township ; John Black, Cambridge Township: GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 369 Alex. McNary, Cambridge Township; Daniel Burton, Cambridge Township; John McCulley, Knox Township; Alex. Johnston, Knox Township; J. W. Dennison, Senecaville; William Rigg, Jackson Township; Jesse Huggins, Jackson Township; George Murphy, Westland Township; Spear McKinney, Westland Township; John Elliott, Rich Hill, Muskingum; William Hutchison, Rich Hill, Muskingum; Johnson Morgan, Rich Hill, Muskingum; Calvin Morgan, Rich Hill, Muskingum; Roseman Cox, Rich Hill, Muskingum." (Times, April 2, 1852.) "On Monday last the following named persons left this place for California, by the overland route: W. K. Davis, wife and five children; Joseph Stoner, John Wharton, George W. Curtis, James Hammond, Francis Hammond, Israel Jackson, Charles Scott, James Cochran, John F. Ellis, James Pollard. All go in the employ of Messrs. Davis and Brown, who design driving a large number of stock across the plains to California." THE PENNYROYAL REUNION SOCIETY. What has come to be a very interesting reunion in this county, is known as the Pennyroyal Reunion, which was organized and the first meeting held in 1880. The Guernsey Times of August 26th of that year speaks of its history as follows : "For Pennyroyaldom, my friends, For Pennyroyaldom! We'll take the cup of kindness yet, For Pennyroyaldom !" "The long anticipated Pennyroyal Reunion of the natives and former and present residents of Oxford township took place last week. The following is a brief program of the proceedings: "First day, Tuesday morning.—About ten o'clock President J. 0. Grimes came forward and announced that the time had arrived for the commencement of the exercises, and, after prayer was offered by Rev. I. N. White, in the absence of Rev. Hugh Forsythe, he introduced Hon. Newell Kennon, who delivered a splendid address of welcome. He spoke feelingly and with much dramatic intensity of the early pioneer (lays, now buried in the past. recalled a number of interesting customs, detailed several reminiscences, and succeeded in rousing the enthusiasm of those present. To his effective address, Rev. D. Paul, D. D., of New Concord, responded in an 370 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. energetic and affecting manner. Doctor Paul's marked style of oratory has often been noted and admired, but never were his powers used to better purpose than on this clay. He succeeded in deeply impressing the audience gathered around the stand, all scions of old Pennyroyaldom, a manly, noble race indeed. "President Grimes made a short but pleasing speech at this juncture, thanking the managers of the association for the high honor bestowed upon him in electing him to the presidency of a social reunion such as this. He felt honored above his brethren, and did not know why he had been singled out from others worthier and better fitted than himself. He spoke of the palmy days of the National pike, Oxford'S only public improvement, and recommended further improvement of the roadway. The meeting was then adjourned for dinner, and a more joyful crowd of men and women never before picnicked in old Oxford. The spirit of reunion and happiness seemed to pervade the assembly, and five hundred happy people gathered under the forest trees, bringing up the memories of by-gone days, and diligently making away with the chickenS and other 'fixin's' prepared for the occasion. "Tuesday Afternoon.—Promptly at one-thirty o'clock the exercises were resumed, the crowd around the stand and through the grounds being greatly increased by this time, until there was an audience of fourteen or fifteen hundred, wild with enthusiasm and cheering vociferously. William Borton, Esq., was announced as first 0n the afternoon program, and delivered the 'History of Pennyroyaldom,' which is briefly as follows : In the early days, shortly after Ebenezer Zane had marked out what was known as Zane'S Trace, compliant to his instructions from the government, the grandfather of the speaker, Benjamin Borton, emigrated to Oxford township. Here grew wild, in large quantities, the pennyroyal which he had learned to distill in his native New Jersey. The pennyroyal plant is a native of North America, entirely differing from the plant of the same name which is indigenous to England, and possesses marked medicinal qualities. But the name Pennyroyaldom, as applied to Oxford township, originated in a reply of the worthy citizen, Mr. Morris Morton, while commissioner of the county, to some complaint in reference to high taxes, 'that when everything else failed, we could go out and pull enough pennyroyal to pay them.' Out of this simple phrase rose Pennyroyaldom, which has Oxford township for its birth-ground. "Mr. Borton told of various incidents connected with the early history of Guernsey county, and his remarks were received with an enthralled silence which bespoke an interest much deeper than uproarious applause can evince. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 371 "Music for the occasion was furnished by the Fairview Cornet Band, under the leadership of Prof. W. B. Lee, of Fredericktown, Ohio, and composed of twelve young Oxfordites : Charlie Giffie, John Morton, Thomas Bratton, Simeon Rosengrant; Rufus Hunt, Nathan H. Barber, Charlie Hamilton, Charlie Gleeves, Edward Stevens, William H. Kesselring, Charlie Tillet and William Frost. They made good music, although they have had only two years' experience. "Mr. Robert B. Buchanan, in a well-modulated voice, read an original poem on Pennyroyaldom, an exquisitely conceived roundelay, in fourteen verses, which covered the subject thoroughly, and left nothing to be desired. Never has so comprehensive a poem embraced a subject so vital as Pennyroyalism. His charming delivery added much to the effect of his poetic address. Mr. John Kirkpatrick, secretary of the reunion, read letters of regret and greeting from those who by force of circumstances were kept away. The first letter submitted was from W. R. Wagstaff, ESq., of Paola, Kansas, once editor of the Jeffersonian. The next was from Henry Kennon, Esq., of Princeton, Illinois, brother of Probate Judge Kennon. This interesting epistle was followed by a letter from Dr. Stewart L. Henry, of New Orleans. The president introduced Rev. W. H. Morton, of Cincinnati, who made a few suitable remarks, at the close of which a beautiful selection fell upon the air, tastefully rendered by the band. Then rose Rev. Samuel Forbes, of Sloan's Station, Ohio, and his words were fraught with eloquence. After him came D, D. Taylor, who made a short, humorous speech, at the same time apologizing for the absence of his brother, T. Corwin Taylor, of Washington, D. C. Following these exercises, a grand volume of melody burst from the throats of the 'Pennyroyal Choir,' led by Mr. E. C. Morton, singing 'Home, Sweet Home,' after which the band played again, and the crowd dispersed until nine-thirty o'clock the next morning. "Second Day, Wednesday Morning.—For Wednesday morning a special business meeting had been announced, with the view to a permanent organization of a 'Pennyroyal Society.' The following committee was chosen for the following year : W. H. Morton, Newell Kennon, J. D. Taylor, Joseph Ferrell and William Borton. Secretary Kirkpatrick read a letter from ex- Senator T. W. Tipton, of Brownsville, Nebraska, while the committee was deliberating. A poem of no second merit, by Mr. Jesse Craig Weir, of Cadiz. Ohio, was read by D. D. Taylor, who made an humorous explanation of Mr. Weir's inability to read his own production, 'on account of native modesty.' This was followed by a letter from John S. Taylor, of West Liberty, Iowa. There were numerous other speakers, among whom may be mentioned J. O. 372 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Grimes, Rev. John Ables, Mr. Bethuel Ables, the first child born in Oxford township, and songs were sung, and the band played. "In the afternoon, the speakers, among whom may be mentioned Col. John Ferguson, Mr. William Morton, Doctor Paul, Col. J. D. Taylor, N. H. Barber, Esq., Hon. William Lawrence, of Washington, Rev. J. T. Campbell, of Hermon church, near Kimbolton, J. D. Henry, W. S. Heade, J. B. Borton and D. D. Taylor. The closing song was 'Sweet Bye and Bye,' which was joined in by all on the grounds in an imposing chorus. 'Praise God from Whom all Blessings Flow,' and the benediction, pronounced by Rev. Mr. Hollister, concluded one of the most notable meetings ever held in Guernsey county." These reunions have been held regularly to the present time and have been a source of great value to old and young. Here, as at old settlers' reunions, the people gather from far and near and renew friendships. Many states have been represented at these gatherings. Many men of ability and rare talent have spoken on these occasions. Eloquent speeches and heart- touching poems have been written and rendered here. With the passing of the years the interest has lost none of its old-time vim, but grandchildren love to keep sacred the memory of their forefathers in this way. An eighty-page pamphlet souvenir of five of these reunions was published in 1885, giving many speeches and original poems on this unique reunion society. John Kirkpatrick was the publisher of this interesting booklet. For many years it has been a home-coming occasion. A CURIOUS OLD PAPER. Through the kindness of Bethuel Ables, Esq., of Oxford township, we are able to give below a copy of the indentures that bound him as an apprentice to the blacksmith trade, more than half a century ago. The story this paper tells of the customs, dress and requirements of that early day is an interesting one. "This indenture, made this twenty-third day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, Witnesseth : "That Bethuel Ables, of Guernsey county and State of Ohio, by and with the consent of his parent, John Ables, hath put himself an apprentice to David Johnson, of the county and State aforesaid, to learn the art and mystery of the blacksmith business in all the parts that the said Johnson follows, for the term of five years, which term commences on the day and date above written (the said Bethuel being aged Sixteen years the 16th instant of October) GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 373 and end the twenty-third day of October, Anno Domini one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven, during which term the said Bethuel Ables the said Johnson shall faithfully Serve in all lawful business according to his power, wit and ability as a dutiful apprentice ought to do. The said Bethuel is not to follow any kind of gambling, nor waste his master's goods, his secrets keep, and all lawful commands everywhere readily obey. Said Johnson is to teach and cause to be taught the said Bethuel the art and mystery of the blacksmith business in all the various parts that the said Johnson follows, according to their ability in teaching and being taught, and find the said Bethuel in all wearing clothes, bedding and boarding and washing suitable for an apprentice during said term; also to get him the said Bethuel one coat, vest-coat and pantaloons of factory cotton when he arrives at the age of eighteen. and at the expiration of said term said Bethuel is to have one bellows, one anvil, and one vise, and the liberty of the shop to make such small tools as is necessary to start a shop with, also (luring said term said Johnson is to give said Bethuel six months schooling. For the true and faithful fulfillment of the above engagements we have each of us set our hands and seals the day and date above written. Abraham Anderson.  "David Johnson, (seal) "Bethuel Ables, (seal) "John Ables,   (seal)" "Attest : James Starr —From Jeffersonian, February, 1880. EARLY HIGHWAY ROBBERY. What is always referred to as the "Taylor Robbery" was committed in 1819 when John Taylor, a wholesale merchant of Baltimore, Maryland, in the fall of the year, was out on a soliciting and collecting tour through the West. On his return journey East, carrying with him quite a large sum of money, lie stayed over night at the Black Bear tavern of Gen. Simon Beymer, in Washington, this county. At this time Andrew Moore was keeping the old tavern at "Smithstown;" six miles east of Washington, on the old Wheeling road. Mr. Taylor had been a frequent guest at the Moore house. Two of the Moore girls were visiting at the Beymer's and there met Mr. Taylor, who told them that he would be. at their house the next day for dinner, The girls returned home early the next morning on horseback. Three miles east of Washington they passed three men seated on the roadside, in a timber belt known then and afterward as "Hubbard's woods." On reaching home the Moore girls gave the information that they had met Mr. Taylor at Beymer's, 374 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. and that he would be there for dinner. As he had been a guest before, the girls made some extra preparation for him at dinner. Dinner time came and passed, and night came and no Mr. Taylor yet. After late bedtime he came to the house. He was admitted and acted so very different from his accustomed frank and jovial manner, that Moore thought he was laboring under a slight aberration of mind. He refused to tell where he had been or why he had not been there for dinner. He seemed to be alarmed and weighted down by a great mental strain. Moore kept insisting on his accounting for his strange action, until he said that he was bound under an oath not to tell what had caused his present condition. Moore still insisted that he should tell, and that a promise or an oath to keep secret what had happened to him was not binding. After much hesitation he told substantially the following: "As I was riding along about three miles from Washington, I was halted by three men who demanded my money, and taking my horse by the bridle led him off the road some distance, and swearing that if I undertook to get off they would kill me. I was taken off the horse and tied to a tree. They took my money out of the saddlebags and divided it. They did not seem in a hurry to get away and swore vengeance on me if I made any outcry. Two of the men were for killing me and the horse as they did not want the horse. But the other objected and said I should be left tied and the horse turned loose. We were down in a deep hollow and it was getting dark. All this time I was tied to the tree, my back against the tree, my arms tied around it. At last they determined to leave and started off. I then made an appeal to not be left there alone to die. One of them came back and untied my hands, after I had made a promise that I would never tell that I had been robbed. "He also made me promise that I would remain an hour after they left. When it seemed to me the hour was up I made a move toward the horse, which was tied near by. They had not left, and came to me, swearing they would kill me, 'that dead men told no tales.' This so alarmed me that I sank down to the ground overcome with fear, When I regained my senses, I groped my way to the horse, and with much difficulty got to the road." When Andrew Moore heard this story he at once gave the information to his son, Robert B. Moore, who at once started to Washington and Cambridge to start out a party to catch the robbers. Three squads were made up under the leadership of General Moore, Colonel Beymer and Colonel Beatty. They came to the conclusion that Taylor had been followed from the West and that the men would take the back track. General Moore and Colonel Beatty started for Coshocton taking different roads, Colonel Beymer starting for Zanesville. In the evening of the second day they were overtaken by the GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 375 Moore and Beatty parties, near to Newark, as they were crossing Licking river. They showed fight, and General Moore knocked one of them down with his horse-pistol ; the other two ran, but were soon caught. Each man had a bundle in which was the money, divided nearly equal. The amount taken was over three thousand dollars. They were brought to Cambridge and placed in the old log jail. After being in jail a short time, they, by some means, raised a smoke in the cell, and called to the jailer that the cell was on fire. This was a little after dark, the jailer opened the door to find out what was the matter, they knocked him down, and were soon out in the darkness to liberty. These robbers having followed Mr. Taylor from the West, after passing through, taking the old 'Wheeling road, passing northeast and west of the Steubenville road, could see that the nearest woods was north, so they took from the jail in a northern direction. The writer's mother, then a girl, was staying with Mrs. Rev. Morris during his absence from home, on the circuit. They were alarmed by the outcry made, of "catch the thieves, this way, here they go." On going to the door, a number of men passed by the cabin and Stated to them that the "Taylor robbers" had broke out of jail. They struck what was then known as the "Gomber wood lot," and were never seen or heard tell of afterward. Mr. Taylor on a return visit seemed pleased that they had made their escape, He had got his money, and had liberally rewarded his captors, and said that lie left relieved that he did not have to appear against them as he felt that his life was spared by his pledge made to say nothing. These robbers did not give their true names and Are only known in history as the "Taylor robbers." The above was selected from Colonel Sarchet's numerous historical writings in the Cambridge newspapers many years ago. HENRY CLAY 1N CAMBRIDGE. Many of the most distinguished statesmen of the nation in its early existence passed over the National road, from their homes in the West to the Capital and back, at the opening and closing of the sessions of Congress, and on the inaugural occasions. Jackson, Harrison, Taylor, Polk, Cass, Sam Houston, Davy Crockett, Black Hawk (the renowned Indian chief), Antonio de Santa Anna were among the most noted. The Hon. Henry Clay was the great champion of the National road. The reader will bear in mind that the National road and the Cumberland 376 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. road are one and the same. In Mallory's "Life of Henry Clay," it is stated that he advocated the policy of carrying forward the construction of the Cumberland road as rapidly as possible, and we learn from his own account that he had to beg, entreat and supplicate Congress, session after session. to grant the necessary appropriations to complete the road. He said : "I have toiled until my powers have become exhausted and prostrated, to prevail on you to make the grant." Hon. Henry Clay and his wife passed, in a private conveyance, through Cambridge, Ohio, August 20, 1825, on his way to Washington, D. C. He was accompanied by a colored driver and a body servant. There Was also a colored maid for Mrs. Clay. Great preparations had been made at Zanesville to give him a grand ovation and public dinner, and many of the citizens of Cambridge had made preparations to attend the great event. But their joy was changed into sorrow when news came that he was detained at Lebanon, Ohio, by the sickness of his daughter, who died there August 11, 1825, and was buried in the old graveyard. A monument in the old Lebanon graveyard still marks the resting place, on which is inscribed : ELIZA L. CLAY Died August 11, 1825. Aged Twelve Years. Erected by Henry and Letta Clay. The construction of the National road was begun in 1825. The St. Clairsville Gazette of August 26, 1825, says : "The first division of the National road, from the Ohio river ten miles, is now under contract, and undergoing the operation of grading." Henry Clay passed through Cambridge November 28, 1833, in a chartered coach on his way to Washington, D. C. The Cumberland road was then completed west to Zanesville, Ohio. He stopped at the old Wyatt Hutchison house, located on the now National hotel site. He had just been defeated in 1832 as the Whig candidate for President, by Gen. Andrew Jackson, in one of the most vindictive and bitter campaigns of the nation. COLONEL SARCHET'S SEVENTY-THIRD BIRTHDAY BANQUET. The publishers of this work deem it but appropriate to here insert a description of the banquet tendered the author, Col. C. P. B. Sarchet, on GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 377 his seventy-third birthday anniversary, at the Noel house in Cambridge in 1901, the same being extracted from the local press : As indicated in our last issue, the celebration of the seventy-third birthday anniversary of Col. C. P. B. Sarchet with a banquet at the Noel hotel last Wednesday evening waS an affair full of pleasure to those present. The guests were all above fifty years of age, with one or two exceptions. But on this occasion they "renewed their youth" and jollity and good cheer reigned. A number of the guests had been the associates and friends of Mr. Sarchet for many years and this occasion served to more firmly weld that chain. A tempting menu was furnished by Landlord Smith. At the request of Mr. Sarchet, the Reverend Doctor Milligan was chosen master of ceremonies and he filled the place well. Reverend Doctor McFarland invoked the blessing and then the participants fell to feasting with an appetite like unto the days of romping childhood and with almost the same gleeful spirit. Thus passed an hour and then followed a season of speech-making. Doctor Milligan made some pleasing introductory remarks and was followed by Mr. Sarchet, who spoke as follows : "It affords me the very highest degree of pleasure to look into the bright smiling faces of so many old time friends. Many of you I have known all my life long. Some of us were boys together. We sported in boyish glee. In spring time, barefooted, riding stick horses and making music with walnut bark whistles. In summer, down in the old swimming hole, we paddled and splashed and kicked and swam and went under out of sight and didn't care a fig whether school kept or not. In winter we coasted o'er the snow, on sleds of 0ur own make, down the hills for the pleasure of hauling them back up again. We skated on the ice above the old mill, cut our names in the ice, cut circles forward and backward and played "high buck or low doe," "shinney on your own side," now modern football, by day and by night. Then we thought Old Father Time moved slowly ; we wanted to be men. As big boys we began to go to the old time rag and candy parties, singing 'King William' and 'Over the River to Charley,' kissing the girls and going home with them. Then we thought that the farthest way around was the nearest way home. "When I look back through the years of the past to those days of boyhood and young manhood, the many happy hours of pleasure and social enjoyment, and think that the great majority have passed from earth away, my breast fills with emotions that I cannot find words to express. Many of us entered upon the busy, surging sea of active life together, elbowing against and pushing each other in a manly strife for its honors and preferments, its 378 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. labors and rewards. Arrayed against each other we fought many fierce, hot- blooded political battles, but when the smoke had cleared away there were no dead or wounded to carry off the field; we were yet friends. And now around this festal board, in these opening hours of the twentieth century, I greet you as friends. I had almost said old friends—but no ! I greet you as boy friends, we are boys again, to-night." It was growing late for "old people" by this time and the exercises were brought to a close by tendering Mr. Sarchet a vote of thanks and then there was a closing prayer by Doctor Pope. Colonel Sarchet was born in Cambridge and has spent nearly, if not all, his long and useful life here. He has seen the town grow from a mere hamlet to a growing city. He has kept in touch with its progress, and recorded many interesting incidents along the way. He possesses a good memory and a ready pen and with these has given in these columns from time to time much valuable in formation relative to the history of the town and county, even some adjoining counties. His writings have given him the title of the "Guernsey historian" and it is deservedly conferred. His social qualities are admirable and this in a great measure accounts for his popularity. He is a good jolly fellow--a very companionable gentleman, though never afraid to express condemnation for that which he considers wrong. That many more years of sojourn here may be allotted him is the earnest wish of his host of friends. The register at the banquet shows the following persons present, together with their ages : C. P. B. Sarchet, seventy-three; J. W. Creswell, seventy- four ; J. G. Black, seventy-five; James Stewart, sixty-seven; John Carlisle, seventy-two ; T. S. Crow, sixty-nine; James W. Moore, sixty-two ; E. McCollum, sixty-eight ; James Patterson, sixty-seven; John S. Gallup, eighty- one ; Ross Scott, seventy-five; B. F. Fleming, seventy-six ; John Boyd, sixty- three ; Thomas H. Bell, seventy ; William Johnston, seventy-three; T. G. Brown, sixty-two; S. W. Luccock, seventy-four; Alex. McCracken, eighty-six ; James R. Barr, forty-six ; E. W. Mathews, sixty-nine; Charles L. Campbell, sixty ; J. P. Mahaffey, fifty-five; S. J. McMahon, sixty-nine ; J. T. Rainey, sixty-five ; Ross W. Anderson, sixty-two; J. R. Keyes, fifty-six; P. T. Suit, sixty-eight ; Russell B. Pope, fifty-six ; J. P. Ogier, seventy-three; A. F. Hubert, seventy; W. V. Milligan, seventy-three ; A. J. Hutchison, seventy ; W. H. McFarland, sixty-eight and one-half ; C. L. Blackburn, thirty-one; John M. Amos, sixty-one; James O. Mcllyar, seventy; D. D. Taylor, fifty- eight ; William B. Kirk, seventy-eight. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 379 EARLY GUERNSEY COUNTY MARRIAGES. (From the Times in 1903.) "The first marriage ceremony performed by a. minister in Guernsey county was that of Thomas Sarchet, Jr., to 'Catty Markim,' September II, 1809, by Rev. James Quinn, elder Methodist Episcopal church, both of them of Cambridge, Muskingum county, Ohio. There was some bad spelling by the elder or clerk of record. This was the first marriage in Cambridge and should read : Thomas Sarchet, Jr., to Catharine Marquand. "The first marriage in Guernsey county was James Boler to Sally Leunce, September 11, 1810, by Thomas Henderson, justice of the peace, of Oxford township. "We give some of the first marriages at Cambridge. John Robin to Mary Hubert, September 20, 1810, by Thomas Knowles, justice of the peace, both of Cambridge. Cyrus P. Beatty to Nancy Sarchet, June II, 1811, by David Kirkpatrick, justice of the peace, both of Cambridge. Lloyd Talbot to Nancy Sarchet, November t0, 1811, by David Kirkpatrick, justice of the peace, both of Cambridge. John Dixon to Elizabeth Bryan, December 7, 1811, by David Kirkpatrick, justice of the peace, both of Cambridge. Thomas Lenfesty, Jr,, to Cartaretta Hubert, January 9, 1812, by the Rev. William Lambdin, of the Methodist Episcopal church, both of Cambridge. Thomas Ogier to Rachel Marquand, May 28, 1812, by the Rev. William Lambdin, of the Methodist Episcopal church, both of Cambridge. Thomas Metcalf to Sarah Gomber, March 17, 1814, by David Kirkpatrick, justice of the peace, both of Cambridge. Thomas Bryan to Joannah Olive, October 17, 1844, David Kirkpatrick, justice of the peace, both of Cambridge." A HUMAN TEAM. "A novel spectacle, and, we may add, a moving one, was witnessed in this place ten or twelve days since, exemplifying in one of the strongest points of view a state of bodily degradation most painful and revolting to the feelings of human nature. It consisted of a wagon filled with such articles of furniture, etc., as usually belong to an emigrating establishment bound for the Tar West.' drawn by two men and a boy, all duly harnessed, acting in the capacity and doing the work of a team of horses ! The individuals thus engaged appeared cheerful and patient in the exercise of their laborious employment. They were ascertained to be emigrants from Germany, on their way to the distant regions of the West."—Times, October 19, 1833. 380 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. METEORIC SHOWER OF 1833. The following appeared in the Times, by Mr. Sarchet, in November, 1890 "The old house now being torn down on North Eleventh street, at the divergence of the street through the McCracken and Matthews additions, is one of the early houses built in Cambridge. "It was built by Peter Sarchet, Sr. It was a freak of architecture, a frame, the intervals between the studding being filled in with brick, and was plastered on the outside in imitation of stone. Another house in the same locality, which stood on the northwest corner of Eleventh street and Steubenville avenue, was of similar build, except that it was lathed on the inside and plastered. This house was built by John Torode. Neither of these houses stood the test in our variable climate, and soon began to look ragged and unsightly, by reason of the bond in the mortar or cement giving way and falling off, but both, when new, were attractive looking houses. "But it is to relate an incident well known in history, in connection with the house then occupied by a Mr. George Clark, that we began this reminiscence. In November, 1833, quite a number of citizens of Cambridge assembled at Clark's, as was a custom, to engage in 'fighting the tiger.' During this frolic and carousal, toward the 'we sma' hours,' one of their number went out and returned with the alarming declaration 'that the -world was coming to an end, and the sky falling in.' These midnight revelers looked upon a meteoric scene that led them to think that home, rather than a gambler's den, was the best place to be when the 'sky was falling in.' So for home they made as best they could, so suddenly awakened from a drunken debauch, to be ever after during their lives living witnesses that the 'sky fell in.' "The New American Cyclopedia gives this description of that November night, 12th and 13th, 1833 : 'But the year 1833, on the night of November 12th and 13th, is memorable for the most magnificent display on record, and was visible over all the United States, and over a part of Mexico and the West India islands. Together with the small shooting stars, which fell like snowflakes and produced phosphorescent lines along their course, there were intermingled large balls of fire, which darted forth at intervals, leaving luminous trains, which remained in view several minutes, and sometimes half an hour or more.' "The writer of this, then a boy seven years old, well remembers the eventful night when the 'stars fell.' At our home we were all engaged in the annual fall custom of making apple butter, which generally partook of the GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 381 nature of a neighborhood frolic, paring and cutting the apples and stirring the butter until late into the night. Some one of the number, going out, returned with the cry that the 'stars were falling.' We all looked upon the scene with wonder and amazement, and one of the number said, 'What's the use of making apple butter, when the world is coming to an end.' "But the world did not come to an end, nor as yet have wonders ceased. People come and go ; one builds up, another tears down, and out of all we see the onward march of destiny." VARIOUS CYCLONES. The Times of June 25, 1885, speaks as follows of a roaring cyclone : "The village of Byesville was visited by a genuine cyclone last Sunday evening. It was a veritable 'ring-tailed ripper and roarer,' to appropriate the graphic description of an impressed Bvesvillian. It was of the old-fashioned orthodox funnel-shape, with the little end down, and the big end several hundred feet up in the air. It carried in its swirl boards, limbs, small trees and general debris. It ambled in from the southwest at the rate of about five miles an hour, and after a deliberate but rude caress to the orchards at the edge of town it came hopping and hitting and skitting and slipping along through the village, leaving destruction behind, going off to the northeast when it grew tired. "It was after four o'clock when something unusual was detected by the villagers. The June afternoon was sultry, and the atmosphere oppressive. A dead stillness pervaded the air, and the sun shone bright and hot. Then there came a low rumbling sound from the southwest, growing rapidly into an angry roar, that drew the villagers from their homes to look and listen. Far to the southwest the tops of the trees were bending and breaking. A dark-hazel cloud, compact and threatening, was flying above the tree tops toward the town. A monster freight train seemed crashing through the forests. Some few divined the cause and, foreseeing destruction, fled for refuge to cellars. The consternation spread and, panic-stricken, the people rushed for the cellars. It struck, and the angry roar was heard for miles. The town of Byesville more than likely owes its escape from total destruction to the fct that the cyclone only struck a corner of the town, and did not strike it with its full volume. It unroofed stables and demolished outhouses, carried away boards and timbers, as it was, and one house was moved eight feet off its foundation. The house was occupied by Mr. Shields, the saddler, with his wife and little daughter. They had fled to the house at the approach of the 382 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. cyclone, but had barely entered when the windy monster took the house in his grasp, lifted it, and jammed it clown. The shock loosened the chimney, and the bricks came tumbling clown into the room. All three were injured, more or less, but none severely. These are the only injuries reported. "The cyclone moved slowly, and there was something awful in its deliberate majesty. All the way the hazel-cloud seemed topping it, going on before. It struck the tall trees on the creek banks, bent them low, broke them or tore them up, dipped dry the creek as it passed, and struck the hill that lies to the northeast, as a sentinel over the village. The shock demoralized the cyclone, as no further damage of consequence is reported. Its path was about fifty yards wide when it passed through Byesville. It uprooted trees and nearly destroyed several orchards in and about the town, among them the orchards of Henry Wilson and Jesse Linkhorn. Shortly after the passage of the cyclone, a terrific thunderstorm broke over the town, and for a little while the people fancied that the long-predicted judgment day was come.'' CYCLONE OF 1890. (Jeffersonian, May 1, 1890.) "The first genuine cyclone that has visited Guernsey county for many years passed through Monroe township Saturday evening. About four o'clock the citizens were aroused to a sense of danger by the appearance of a small funnel-shaped cloud approaching from the southwest at terrific speed, accompanied by lightning and a terrible noise. The first account we have of its devastation is when it struck what is known as the Lytle farm, on Irish ridge. Here it leveled the barn and stable, unroofed and crushed in one end of the brick residence ; then, striking Commissioner John Thompson's farm, a large amount of timber and fencing were blown down and one steer killed; fences and timber were destroyed on Philip Randal's farm, but his buildings were outside the path of the revolving terror and escaped. Mrs. Yarnell's farm next lay in its path, and nearly all the timber and fences were leveled to the earth and scattered about ; Mrs. Hollingsworth's farm met the same fate, but the buildings on both farms escaped, being outside the track of the storm. Jonathan Colley's farm was stripped of about five hundred panels of fence and two acres of timber were leveled to the earth. The path of the storm was a short distance from his buildings, and they escaped serious damage. It then passed over the farms of Weston and Asbury George. On the former, the fences were leveled and the barn unroofed, and on the latter an addition recently built to his residence was blown away, together with milk house, corn GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 383 cribs, wagon shed and the grain scattered in every direction, the sheep house removed from its foundation, six hogs killed, their mother's back broken and a bureau carried from the part of the house blown away, to a distance of about fifty yards, where it was lodged against a fence. All the buildings on David Meek's property were unroofed, and a large orchard swept away, only four trees left standing. A large amount of timber was destroyed along Laurel creek. The storm passed on in an almost direct line to the northeast. The path of the cyclone varied in width from ten to twenty-five rods. It seemed to bound along like a ball of India rubber, passing over spaces, and wherever it struck the earth carrying everything with it. Wheat was shaven off as by a scythe, the furrows where sod had been broken, lifted and scattered about, in some places lodged at quite a distance away." A HAIL STORM IN 1826. (Guernsey Times, July, 1826.) "A most tremendous storm of hail passed through this county on Saturday, the 1st inst., in a direction from northwest to southeast, about five miles north of this place. Much injury has been sustained upon those farms which were within range; fortunately, however, the vein was very narrow, from a half mile to a mile in width ; many of the hailstones were nearly the size of a hen's egg. We have heard of some farmers who had every vestige of their crops destroyed—corn that was nearly ready to tassel had the stalks entirely cut to pieces, to within six inches of the ground ; wheat ready to harvest was completely threshed, and the straw cut to pieces and tangled together, so as to destroy it entirely ; tobacc0 was wholly cut up, so as to appear as though it had never been planted ; the trees in the woods and orchards were stripped of their leaves and fruit. We have not been able to ascertain the extent of the injury in full, but from the best information we can receive, there certainly never has been so destructive a visitation to the citizens of this community, in proportion to its width." COLD WEATHER STATISTICS. (From the Jeffersonian, February, 1899, by Colonel Sarchet.) "Some time ago you said : 'Can you give us a little cold weather history ?' "We will go back to the beginning of Ohio history as a state. The winter of 1807-8 is known in Ohio history as 'the cold winter.' We are unable to give the cold by degrees, as thermometers were not then in general use. 384 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. "My grandfather then resided in a cabin on the north end of what is now the Guernsey National Bank lot, on North Seventh street. We have heard our oldest uncles, who were then aged seventeen and thirteen years, say that they had two ways of keeping warm; one was to cut and carry in wood to keep up the fire, the other was to carry water to throw on the mud and stick chimney, to keep from burning up the cabin. The water was carried from a spring, west of Sixth street, near the residence of Hon. David D. Taylor, on North Fifth Street. "The next was the winter of 1817-18. We have heard it said it was so cold that a bucket of water thrown into the air would be frozen to ice before it could fall to earth. "The next was the winter of 1835-6. This comes within our recollection. There was snow from two to three feet deep. We well remember wading through it when it came well up to the waist. My grandfather then had a thermometer which he kept hanging on the south side of his house. He came to our house on the coldest morning, and said t0 me : 'Boy, it's colder than you are old.' I was then eight years old." The writer then gave the temperature for the winter months from 1850 to 1865, but we will simply abridge and give his figures for the coldest day of the several years : In 1850, coldest day was ten degrees above zero; 1851, in December it was seven degrees below zero; 1852, January 20, it reached seventeen below ; 1853, January 27, one below ; 1854, January 23, at zero; 1855, December 27, two above; 1856, January 9, twelve below ; 1857, January 26. six below ; 1858, February 23, seven below ; 1859, February 1, five below ; 1860, January 5, four below ; 1861, February 8, zero; 1862, February 16, seven below ; 1863, January 18, four above; 1864, "the coldest New Year's day," the thermometer indicated a change of forty-six degrees from nine in the evening until six in the morning, and went as low as eight below, and in the following month reached nineteen degrees below. The subjoined table shows the coldest weather from 1841 on to 1871, in Cambridge, Ohio : January 8, 1847, four degrees below zero. December 4, 1849, two degrees below zero. February, 1850, two below zero. December, 1851, seven degrees below zero. January 7, 1852, seventeen degrees below zero. January, 1853, one degree below zero. January, 18,56, twelve degrees below zero. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 385 February, 1856, fourteen degrees below zero. February, 1858, seven degrees below zero. January, 1860, four degrees below zero. January 2, 1864, eight degrees below zero. January 7, 1864, four degrees below zero. February, 1866, four degrees below zero. January, 1867, ten degrees below zero. December, 1870, one degree below zero. December 24, 1871, thirteen degrees below zero, making it among the coldest clays on record in the county. THE OLDEST MAN 1N THE COUNTY. The oldest man who ever lived in thiS county is suppoSed to have been Benjamin Berry, who died here in 1877. At that date many of the elderly people here remembered him in their childhood as a middle aged man during the war of 1812-14. Enquiry was made at his death and it was learned that his age was one hundred and eleven years, having been born in 1765, as determined from the muster rolls of the war of 1812, in which he took part as a soldier. He also served in the Indian war prior to the war with England. It is not believed that an older man has ever lived in this county and but few in Ohio have attained so great an age. GRAVE ROBBING IN GUERNSEY COUNTY. (Jeffersonian, December 11, 1879.) "In 18— there was considerable grave robbing in Guernsey county. An incidental account is remembered of a body being brought through a toll gate on the National road in a sleigh, head upright, between two men. The body had an old coat thrown over it, and a hat put over its head. The gate keeper was completely deceived, The body of a woman was also taken from a cemetery within ten miles of the place from whence this body was brought. One night, during some dissecting by medical students and others, some women approached the place, probably with some suspicion of what was going on, and moved by a curiosity to know the facts. They came so near, and their knowledge was so apparent to those present, that the solidly frozen head of a man was rolled toward them. They screamed and ran away. It was afterward discovered that they had seen nothing and knew nothing, beyond suspicion, and it was explained to them that a pumpkin had been rolled toward 386 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. them in the dark. If they had more suspicion, it Was allayed, or their dread remembrance of the scene, or other considerations, kept their mouths closed. "Many readers of this will remember that, some years ago, an old barrel lay by the side of a public road in this county. The stench that came from it was so indescribably horrible that no one who ever passed by will fail to call it to recollection now when they are told that the nauseating smell was from fragments of human flesh, which had, in the colder weather, been thrown into the barrel and hauled away in the night time and tumbled down by the roadside," THE FIRST MAILS. We take the following account of the first mails of the state from an article written by Col. C. P. B. Sarchet for the Cambridge Daily Sun: "The first mails carried in Ohio was in 1798, from Wheeling over the Zane Trace to Limestone, now Maysville, Kentucky, and from Marietta to McCullough's cabin at the ferry at the crossing of the Muskingum river, now Zanesville. These were weekly mails, intersecting at McCullough's cabin. He had the authority to open and assort the mails. The postoffice was opened at Zanesville in 1803. In 1805 John Beatty, at the cabins at the crossing of big Wills creek, had the authority to open the mails. In 1807 Cyrus P. Beatty was appointed by Thomas Jefferson as postmaster at Cambridge, in Muskingum county, Ohio. He held the office for a number of years. In these early (lays there was but little letter writing. The postage was so much that only business letters passed through the mails. We have in our possession old letters showing postage paid of six and one-fourth, twelve and one-half, eighteen and three-fourth, twenty-five and twenty-seven and one-half cents. There was no prepayment, and many letters were sent to the dead letter office, because the person addressed didn't have the money to pay the postage. Letters were sent by travelers from town to town. This came to be done to such an extent that Congress in 1817 passed a law making it a criminal offense for anyone but mail carriers to carry letters. The next postmasters were Nicholas Blaithache, Jacob Shaffner, William Ferguson, Isaiah Mcllyar, William Smith, Robert Burns, James M. Smith, James O. Grimes, Francis Creighton, Edwin R. Nice, William McDonald, C. L. Madison, D. D. Taylor and W. H. H. Mcllyar. "Of these, nine were appointed as Whig, or Republican, and seven as Democratic. We were acquainted with all of these but the first, and received mail through their hands." GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 387 DARING MAIL ROBBERY. "On the night of Friday, the 17th inst., as the mail stage was going from Zanesville to Wheeling, one of the large mail bags was stolen from the boot about one mile east of Washington in this county, the bag cut open and the contents scattered in all directions. The robber, or robbers, however, made but a water-haul, as fortunately the bag in question contained only newspapers. We have not heard of a clue having been found yet, likely to lead to the detection of the daring perpetrator of this deed.—Guernsey Times, June 25, 1836. POST-OFFICES IN 1895. In the year 1895, before the many rural mail routes had been established, the following was the list of post-offices and remuneration received at such offices by the postmaster in charge : Antrim, $190; Blue Bell, $41; Brown, $142; ByeSville, $283; Birds Run, $59; Brody, $50; Buffalo, $76; Cambridge, $1,700; Cumberland, $444 Creighton, $36; Claysville, $104; Dysons, $103; Danford, $6.00; Fairview, $265; Flat Ridge, $25; Galligher, $62 ; Gibson, $92; Guernsey, $65; Indian Camp, $65; Kimbolton, $88; Londonderry, $125 ; Lore City, $136; Midway, $35; Middlebourne, $84; Millinersville, $176; New Salem, $54; Odell, $37: Oldham, $27; Quaker City, $465; Salesville, $167; Senecaville, $270; Sutton, $20; Spencer Station, $104; Sugar Tree, $37; Tyner, $32; Washington, $385 ; Clio and Prohibition, amount not given. GUERNSEY COUNTY'S MAN-WOMAN. "Florence Goldsborough's adventures as a woman in man's clothing through a period of sixteen eventful years cannot fail of partaking of the strangeness of fiction and the wildness of romance. Such is the character of the history of Florence F. Goldsborough, whose masculine name is Johnny Howard, and whose wild and reckless career has been partly spent in Guernsey county. "She was born near St. Clairsville, Belmont county, in 1847. Her father being a farmer, she was taught to work in the fields. "When about sixteen years of age, she was suspected and pronounced guilty of stealing sixteen dollars from an uncle. For this crime, she served three months in the county jail. While admitting many other crimes, she has ever protested her innocence of this first charge. When she was released from jail, she donned man's clothing, and left home. 388 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. "Upon coming into this county, she first hired to work as a farm laborer, for Rev. George W. Wharton, a Baptist preacher who resided north of Middletown. During the six months she remained with Rev. Wharton, she had the benefit of morning and evening devotion, but without any apparent effect upon her spiritual nature. At any rate, she had the benefit of early rising in order to get the work done in time for prayers, and her health may have been made the better for it, if nothing more. "Quitting Reverend Wharton's place, she hired to labor on the farm of Andrew Morton, a short distance west of Middletown, and she continued with him about a year. During all that time, her sex was never suspected, and she regularly slept with Jacob Ducker and other farmhands who worked for Mr. Morton, "But soon she grew tired of farm life, and set out for Columbus, where she found employment as a street-car driver. She continued in that vocation for some time, but at last had a fight, and was sent to the station house for thirty days. When she was released, she went to Bellaire. While there, she was arrested for stealing money from Mr. N. B. Hayes, the late well known stock dealer of this county. For this crime, she was convicted, and sent to the Penitentiary for three years. Here her sex waS discovered for the first time after leaving home in 1863, and she was placed in the female department, "When her term had expired, she went to Cincinnati, and engaged as second clerk on the steamer 'Alaska,' plying between that place and New Orleans. After making three trips, and falling in the river once, she quit boating, and returned to Columbus. "Since her return to that city, she has been variously engaged as bartender, bell boy and farm hand and has served sentences to station-houses and jails, in addition to two other terms in the penitentiary, the first for one and the second for three years. Both crimes were stealing money, the last one in 1875. The amount taken was five hundred dollars. "Her term having expired on the 8th of the present month, she no sooner got out than she "put on her male attire, was arrested for so doing, and put in the station house. She protests that she is now going to live a batter life, but will not give up men's clothing, as she prefers it to the garb of women. She looks very much like a small, beardless boy, and the only quality apt to betray her sex is her small hand. She is thirty-two years old, carries her age well, and keeps good health for one who has endured so rugged a life."—Jeffersonian, 1878. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 389 DAYS OF MOURNING. Cambridge, in common with all the country, has had her days of true mourning and here will be given brief accounts of how the citizenS met these national calamities and how they were affected at the death of her fallen statesmen and military heroes : When James Monroe died in 1831, the column rules of the Times at Cambridge were turned, as an indication of deep sorrow. Upon the death of Hon. Henry Clay, June 29, 1852, and upon the decease of Daniel Webster, the great New England statesman, on October 24, 18;2, the same paper was deeply set in double-column turned rule. DEATH OF PRESIDENT WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. President W. H. Harrison died at Washington on the 4th of April, 1841, thirty minutes be fore one o'clock in the morning. Everywhere the national bereavement was deplored by Whigs and Democrats alike, and services were held throughout the length and breadth of the land. In Cambridge, according to the Guernsey Times of April 10, 1841, a discourse upon the life, public services and character of William Henry Harrison was delivered by Rev. James Drummond, at the Methodist Episcopal church, on the evening of Wednesday, April 14th, at early candle lighting. PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S ASSASSINATION. "On Saturday last, about eight o'clock A. M., the sad intelligence of the death of President Lincoln reached this place. Sorrow was depicted upon every countenance as soon as it was known that the chief magistrate of the nation was no more. All felt the common calamity, and men of every shade of political opinion mourned the loss of the dead President, The bells of the village, whose iron tongues the day before had rung out their joyful peals, now tolled a solemn requiem through the weary hours. Flags that had floated gaily were clothed in mourning and drooped listlessly upon the sodden air. The elements were in harmony with the general grief, and the sky was overcast with dark and lowering clouds, which mingled their tears with those of the bereaved people. "In the afternoon a prayer-meeting was held in the Town Hall, where solemn and impressive prayers were made by Reverend Milligan and others. "On Sabbath day another meeting was held in the same place, when 390 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. speeches were made by Reverends Ellison, Forsythe and McConnell. The remarks of the former gentleman were well-timed and appropriate, but we are sorry to say that in the midst of the general grief, Mr. McConnell indulged in remarks better suited to a political meeting than the solemn occasion for which the people had assembled." DEATH OF PRESIDENT GARFIELD. For the second time in the history of this county, the citizens were called upon to mourn the death of a President, who had fallen at the hands of an assassin. It was in September, 1881. The news spread quickly and sorrow was intense, All business was suspended in Cambridge. Public memorial services were held. The bells of the city tolled and the streets were draped in mourning emblems for the dead President—a beloved citizen and native son of Ohio. Services were held at the United Presbyterian church and at the Presbyterian church. These places were heavily draped in black, intermingled with the flag. A motto was displayed reading : "God reignS, the nation lives," which were Garfieldls words in New York city in trying to quell the mob after the assassination of Lincoln, and which 'words now became appropriate in his own case. Remarks were made by Professor McBurney, Reverend Young, Rev. Hyde Forsythe, Rev. B. Y. Siegford, Reverend Darrow, Judge Tingle and Col C. P. B. Sarchet. This was at the United Presbyterian church. At the Presbyterian church impressive services were held and the Masonic bodies were out in force. Prayer was offered by S. J. McMahon, Esq., and by Reverend Milligan. A song was rendered by Prof. John H. Sarchet entitled, "We'll Not Forget Our Buckeye Boy ;" he was assisted by the Masonic Glee Club. Benediction was pronounced by Rev. E. S. Hoagland. Services were at the same time held at the African Methodist Episcopal church, Reverend Johnston officiating and made the point clear that mourning was not for a white man's President, neither a black mansis President, but for "our President." PRESIDENT'S GRANT'S MEMORIAL SERVICES. When Gen. U. S. Grant, the soldier-President and retired fellow citizen, another son of Ohio soil, had passed to the other shore, this county, in common with the entire country, were again in deep sorrow. Though not as sudden as other public calamities, for ex-President Grant had long suffered and his death was thought to be inevitable, yet here in Guernsey, where GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 391 there were so many of his old army comrades and political friends, the newS was hard to realize—the man of an iron will who had marched to victory on many a well fought field, and he who, after the war closed, had said : "Let us have peace"—the man who had been around the globe and admired by all peoples and tribes, finally had to succumb to the cold hand of death. On August 8, 1885, at the hour when his body was being lowered into the grave, memorial services were being held throughout the entire country. At Cambridge the bells all tolled while Grant's remains were being lowered to the earth at Riverside. in New York. Soon after two P. M. the Grand Army of the Republic. with draped banners and flags, fell into line, headed by the Cambridge Band. They passed to School Park, where a stand had been erected. There might have been seen a. picture of the illustrious American soldier- President, surrounded by flags and crepe. The orator of the occasion was Capt. J. B. Ferguson. Prayer was offered by Reverend Jennings. Dispatches were read from time to time, as the body of Grant was being taken to its last resting place and while it was being lowered to the vault at Riverside. Like services were held at Byesville, Cumberland, Fairview, Quaker City and other places in the county. DEATH OF PRESIDENT WILLIAM M'KINLEY. Again, in September, 1901, President McKinley, in extending his hand to a supposed friend, while visiting the great Pan-American Exposition, at Buffalo, New York; was shot by an assassin and only survived eight days, the date of his death being September 14, 1901. Memorial services were held in this county. In Cambridge, at the Methodist Episcopal church, old and young filled the house to overflowing. Many of those present had met in like services at the death of the lamented Lincoln and Garfield. Church bells tolled solemnly, and black and white draperies were in evidence throughout the entire city. The floral offerings were all pure white. Mayor Baxter had charge and welcomed the speakers. The front seats were reserved for the old soldiers, including the Grand Army of the Republic, with its banners draped in black, Doctor Milligan spoke touchingly of the unspotted life and, above all, of his beautiful love and tenderness for Mrs. McKinley, during the years of her long illness or infirmity. Resolutions were passed which contained these words, significant in themselves: "Resolved, Most sincerely do we record our confidence and pride in him 392 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. as a man; our admiration for his unspotted life and character, and above all, our love for him because of his tender care of Mrs. McKinley during her long years of infirmity. "Resolved, That in his death our hearts are filled with an untold sorrow. In this sad hour we have ceased to be Republicans, Democrats, Prohibitionists and Populists—Northern, Southern—but are simply American citizens of a bereaved country, mourning a common loss." SARCHET BROTHERS AND THEIR BIBLE. "It is well known here that the Sarchets, who were among the first settlers of Guernsey county, came from the isle of Guernsey, but we have an item of their history beyond that. The original Sarchets were natives of France, and during the Huguenot persecution two of the brothers were converted from Catholicism and purchased a Protestant Bible, Calvin's translation to the French. Information was given to the priests that they were in possession of this book, and to avoid arrest and punishment by the Inquisition they fled with the 'Word' to the island of Guernsey for safety. From these heads sprang the two branches of the Sarchet family in this county, and all of the name that we know anything about. To this day that same old Bible remains intact, and is in the possession of Mrs. R. M. Beatty in Cambridge. It is fully three hundred years old, and was brought to this place by the oldest Thomas Sarchet known to this country, in 1806, who was in the line of descent of the two brothers and who was awarded the custody of the same. It is considered of great value as a family relic, and the older members still inquire for the 'old book' whenever they visit Mrs. Beatty."—In the Times, January, 1875. AN OLD BRIDGE. Just where the Cumberland and Senecaville creeks unite to form Wills creek, on the old Pike road, between Buffalo (or Hartford) and Derwent, is a very old bridge, said to be almost as old as the famous old bridge in Cambridge. The details of its construction, its exact age, or any data concerning it are unknown to the writer. It will be torn down the coming sea- soil and a new steel bridge constructed in its place. CHAPTER XXXIX. GENERAL REMINISCENCES-PIONEER 1NCIDENTS. In this chapter will be found several interesting reminiscences by Col. C. P. B. Sarchet and others who have been life-long residents of the county. The Cambridge Times of September, 1825, contained this advertisement : "SALT FOR WHEAT. "Wheat will be taken in exchange for salt, at the subscribersis works on Wills creek, five miles below Cambridge, at the rate of one and a half bushels of wheat for one of salt. "DAVID SARCHET & CO. "September 2, 1825." THE OLD MILL. The following record was made of the old mill and 0f going away for salt to get milling done, at an early day, in one of the Cambridge papers by the author several years since: In what year the old Gomber mill, located on Wills creek, near the junction of the Baltimore & Ohio and Columbus & Marietta railways, south of the Cambridge cemetery, was erected, is not now certainly known. At the time it was built there were two sites in view, the other one at the head of Cedar ripple, north of Cambridge on the Colonel Taylor farm. It was claimed this was the preferable site as there was a longer straight stretch of the creek. The abrupt turn in the creek at the site finally selected, it was thought, would give trouble with the dam. This theory was correct and the cutting away of the bank may yet be seen. The old toll bridge was built of logs and puncheons, but the Bridge house, built in I was a frame structure. The sawed lumber for it was prepared at the Gomber mill. One of the conditions as to completing the first county jail, built in 1810 was "the stage of water at the Gomber mill." There is a record in the commissioners' journal of 1810, of the road leading to the Gomber mill. This authentic history makes it certain the mill was built prior to the year 1810. 394 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. FLOUR AND SALT. A corn and saw mill was first erected. The first essentials of the pioneer settlers were flour of some sort and salt. To procure these was attended with the danger of long pack horse journeys along the trails through the wilderness. The nearest mill to Cambridge was called "Steers Mill," located on Short creek in Jefferson county. It required four days to make the journey with pack horses. Provisions for the journey had to be carried and sometimes the carrier had to wait a day or two days for his turn when the mill was thronged. The flour and meal were inferior to the products of today, but they were a decided improvement over the products of the hand mills. Men preferred the long, tedious pack horse journey to a mill to the laborious grinding of the hand mill. Turning the grind stone was the boys' work in the harvest times when the cradle and the scythe were the harvesting implements. The boys, now sixty years old, recollect this back breaking exercise. The nearest salt works were at Pittsburg, or the old Scioto salt works in what is now Jackson county, Ohio. To go there for salt was a long and dangerous journey, and this salt at best was a dirty, black article, costing from two dollars and fifty cents to four dollars a bushel of fifty pounds. It was at the wells in Jackson county that the first salt in Ohio was made. It is known that salt was made there in 1755 by the Indians. Of the manufacture of this salt, an account is given in the life 0f Daniel Boone, who in his boyhood was a prisoner among the Indians, and was compelled to work at the wells in getting out and boiling the water. Jonathan Alder, who was a prisoner among the Seneca Indians for fifteen years, says he helped to make salt with the Indians at these wells. A reservation six miles square of these salt lands was made by the state, and the Legislature, in 1804, passed an act providing for the leasing of these lands by the state. "The "Old Salt-Boiler," Thomas Ewing, and Hon. Samuel F. Vinton, were in later years engaged in salt manufacture at these works. The wells were sunk down to the salt rock, giving water of great strength, The first well was not more than thirty feet deep. Samuel F. Vinton was the first Whig candidate for governor of Ohio, under the present constitution, and was defeated by Hon. Reuben Wood, Democrat, who was the last governor under the old constitution. Bon. Samuel F. Vinton was a "French Yankee," born in Massachusetts. The French name was Vintoine. He married Romaine Mack(line Bureau, a (laughter of one of the French settlers at Gallipolis. His daughter, Madeline Vinton, was the wife of Commodore Dahlgren, the inventor of the Dahlgren gun. Mr. Vinton, when in Congress, was GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 395 the author of the bill creating the department of the interior, and Hon. Thomas Ewing was the first secretary of the department. PACK SADDLE. There was a term in use in the early days : "Shooting with a packsaddle." Pack-saddles were made with two forks, usually of dogwood, as it was not apt to split. These were selected of such shape as not to rest upon the horse's 'withers, or vertebrae. They were fastened to boards of the proper length. The boards rested upon the horse's back, and were either padded or underlaid with sheep skins. On the saddles, the sacks were not liable to slip, and when well covered with sheep skins, made a good substitute for a saddle. The open seated saddles of today are an improvement on the old pack-saddles. A packer made a journey to the Scioto salt works, and had to stay there over night. His pack-saddle was a rough affair, and during the night the workmen would burn them up. Failing to find his saddle in the morning, the packer, believing the 'workmen had burned it, went away, determined upon revenge. He made a saddle and loaded it with power, neatly plugging the holes. The next time he visited the salt works, he gave little care to his saddle, and remained 0ver night in a cabin near the works. Not long after he lay down there was a loud report and a great commotion among the employes. Kettles had been blown from the furnace. The packer was not alarmed. He had demonstrated what had become of his other saddle, and had had his revenge. And this is the origin of the saying, "Shooting with a pack-saddle." AN INDIAN WEDDING. Alexander McCracken, when a young man, once was the witness of an Indiana wedding, at which several fiery "bucks" were united in wedlock with an equal number of befeathered "squaws." The Indian chief, "White Eves," so named because of the peculiar color of his eyes, went through a tremendous ceremony of gibberish, to which the painted "children of nature" listened with rapt attention. At the end of the ceremony, he repeated the following rather neat couplet : "By the power and by the laws I marry these Indians to these squaws, Over the hills and through the levels Salute your brides, you ugly devils." 396 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. EARLY WHISKEY-DOG TRIAL. The following is from the pen of the author, as published a few years since in the Cambridge Timess "Your occasional correspondent, H. C. Black, of Freeport, is perhaps our age. Judging from his name, Henry Clay, he was born about the time of the great Clay and Jackson campaign of 1828. His father, Joseph Black, Esq., was one of the early Whigs of Guernsey county. We remember well when he lived in a double cabin north of Cambridge, Ohio; on land now owned by Col. J. D. Taylor. There had been in early days a 'still house' near the cabin. It may be that H. C. B. has some unwritten history of that day. Old John Sarchet was the original proprietor of the three four-acre lots on North Eighth street, Cambridge, Ohio, now owned by the Rev. Dr. McFarland, 0. M. Hoge and John M. Ogier. On the Hoge lot he had a `still house,' for making whiskey, using the water of the now famous spring that has afforded water in abundance for many purposes in Cambridge, and perhaps in the whiskey-making, days this water was not spared in giving the rye and corn whiskey a 'bead.' "John Sarchet built a two-room log cabin near the 'still house.' In the cabin lived old Robert Bell and his family. The head of this family is buried in the old graveyard, aged one hundred and seven years. William Ferguson, the grandfather of the Fergusons of Cambridge of today, boarded with the Bell family. They were connected by marriage relations. Ferguson managed the still house for John Sarchet. Some years after John Sarchet left Cambridge, the lots were sold, and the 'still house' lot came into the possession of Wyatt Hutchison. At that time, the still house had been abandoned. Wyatt Hutchisonsis sister, Catherine, with the daughters of a brother, John Hutchison, occupied the cabin. The spring and cabin came to he called `Kittie Hutchison's.' She had a sort of half-wolf (log, that would bounce out into the road, and sometimes nip footmen and horses. Old 'Jim' Jenkins, a shoemaker, who hved on the Guernsey bridge, on Wills creek, came into town one day to get family supphes and leather, riding an old family horse. When ready to start home, late in the evening, he had his leather tied behind the saddle, and the family supplies in one end of a three-bushel sack, and a gallon jug of whiskey in the other for an `evener.' This sack was thrown over the saddle. Jenkins was usually 'full' when he started for home, and this time he 'just had plenty.' He mounted his old nag and started for home. On passing Kitty Hutchison's the dog bounced out and scared the old nag. He jumped to one side, and the roll of leather flapped, and he jumped again, GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 397 and off went Jenkins and the sack. In the midst of a good deal of swearing, he gathered himself up out of the wreck, and examining the sack found that the jug was broken and the whiskey gone. This raised his Irish ire to a white heat and he vowed to kill the dog. He selected a good shillalah from the wood pile nearby and, opening the gate, entered the yard. The dog made at him, and he gave it a whack that sent it howling into the house, which alarmed the inmates.. Jenkins proceeded to follow on his errand of death. He was met at the door by old John Hutchison, with the `pokin' stick,' a stick used in cabins to move the logs of wood in the fireplace. The old man was prepared to defend his castle. Jenkins struck at Hutchison in his ire, which old John resented by giving Jenkins a crack over the head. Jenkins retreated to the road, and a war of words was entered into by both men and women. Jenkins finally gathered up his wreck sack and followed after his nag, which was making its way home. This occurred 0n Saturday night. Early on Monday morning Jenkins appeared before 'Squire W. W. Tracy, and caused the issuing of a writ for assault and battery and damages. When the day of trial came the Hutchisons swore out a writ of assault and trespass. What was the result, we don't now remember, but this waS one of the noted dog-and-whisky trials in the early history of Cambridge." COUNTY'S PIONEERS (NO. I ). (Herald, November 12, 1902.) The early Guernsey emigrants had a two months' voyage on the ocean, in a frail bark, and a land journey of almost two months, before they reached their goal, not to rest, but to enter into a new and laborious work, to transform the wilderness into places of habitation. Their ocean voyage was one full of perils. Their frail bark, called the "Eliza," was not fitted for the ocean service, and its captain, William McCrindell, was a distant relative of the Guernsey families who were on board. He was a son-in-law of Peter Sarchet, who settled in Cambridge in 1818, and purchased a large body of land east of the town, on which is now located the Cambridge Pottery, tin mill, glass works, Improvement Company's addition and the Rue de Sarchet addition to the city of Cambridge. His name will be found in the old records of the county, connected with the Peter Sarchet estate. During- the voyage, the ship was becalmed for eight days in midocean. There was neither wind nor wave. The sails were tacked in every direction 398 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. to catch the least breeze, but none came. In the midst of the calm the captain kept beastly drunk. The calm was followed by a terrible storm, lasting for many days and nights. The drunken captain rode the bridge, in his drunken and delirious condition, and the ship was being drifted at the mercy of the waves far out of its proper course. A meeting of the crew and emigrants was called in the forecastle. It was decided to ask the captain to give up the command of the ship. This he would not do, and all the while the ship was being drifted farther from its course. A second meeting was called, and it was decided to catch and handcuff him, and chain him in his cabin. This was done, and it was decided that John Sarchet and the mate should take charge of the ship. John Sarchet had had some experience as a sailor, and the two, acting in concert, succeeded in safely riding the storm, and after many days cast anchor at Norfolk, Virginia. At Norfolk the captain was set at liberty, and the ship sailed up the Chesapeake bay, for Baltimore, Maryland, which was the objective point of the voyage. At Baltimore preparations for the land journey were made. Horses and wagons and provisions were procured, and at midday they passed up Howard street, on the 14th of June, 1806, the sun being in total eclipse and the town in partial darkness, lamps lighted on the streets and candles burning in the houses and places of business. For the first two hundred miles they traveled the "Old Braddock" road, engineered by Col. George Washington, and later known as the National road. As they were passing through the Alleghany mountains, they came upon a waif, a girl fourteen or fifteen years old, sitting by the roadside, crying. She gave her name as Betty Pallet, and said she had no home or relations, and that she had run away from a Catholic school somewhere in Pennsylvania. They took pity on the homeless girl, and brought her with them to Cambridge. After crossing the Ohio river, they went into camp in the Wheeling creek bottom. Thus far the journey had been one of almost continuous rains and storms, impeding their progress by washouts on the road and by large trees being blown into and over the road. Few, if any, wagons had passed on that line as far as the Ohio river. Most of the travel was by way of Pittsburg, and down the Ohio by boats, and west from the river by pack-horses. They were rejoiced to see the sun shining once more. Now, amid the sunshine, the women began to wash their soiled clothing. If there was any one thing that a Guernsey woman despised more than another it was dirt. They opened their boxes and dried and aired the contents. They seemed to feel that a new life was before them, and they sang around their, campfires the melodies of their far-away island home. The men and boys of the party GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 399 assisted the farmers on the Wheeling creek valley to dry out their damaged wheat and get it into ricks and to harvest their oats, much of which had to be cut with a sickle. From the creek valley Thomas Sarchet, on horseback, followed the Zane Trace west as far as Chillicothe. On his return to the camp, preparation was made for their further journey. Their horses were well rested, and had fared finely on the wild pea vines and the rich wild grasses of the valley. When all was in readiness for the start, the horses soon showed that they would rather browse on the Wheeling creek bottoms than haul wagons. In order to get up Wheeling hill, they had to hire an extra team to help. Late at night they reached Newell's tavern, at Newellstown, now St. Clairsville. It was then raining, and had been for a good part of the afternoon. The next day it rained all day, and they remained at the tavern. That day an extra team of four horses and wagon was hired. The loads were adjusted the next morning, and a start made. Along in the afternoon a fearful storm came on, thunder and lightning and wind sweeping through the forest, felling trees, which hedged up the road in many places, washing out the ravines and runs so that log bridges had to be made to fill them up. The two Stillwater creeks had risen too high for fording, and they were compelled to lay by a day until they receded. They had left Wheehng creek bottom early on Monday, and it was late on Saturday afternoon when they drove down the Zane Trace, which was north of the original town plat of Cambridge, and went into camp on now North Fifth street, and some distance north of Steubenville avenue. COUNTY'S PIONEERS (NO. 2). (Herald, November 19, 1902.) Early on Sunday morning, John Beatty, Jacob Gomber and Grayham, who hved in the cabins at the crossing of the Zane Trace over Wills creek, were surprised to see smoke rising up through the forest on the north. There were at that time but two houses erected on the town plat, both hewed log houses, located on Main street, now Wheeling avenue. The John Beatty house was located where the Cambridge wholesale grocery is located, and the Judge Metcalf house, afterward the noted tavern, was located where now is the Stoner block. It was then in an unfinished state. It was the custom of the Guernsey settlers to rest on Sunday. The three men, Beatty, Gomber and Grayham, at once visited the camp, and were surprised to see these strange looking and strangely dressed people, composed in all of men, women and children to the number of twenty-six. The women, with short dresses and