(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 400 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. short gowns, belted around the waist, with large frilled caps. on their heads, were busy about the campfire, preparing their frugal morning meal. The horses were hobbled, and browsing among the bushes, and the men, with smock frocks, short breeches, to which were attached long stockings, with heavy shoes, and white, broad-brimmed wool hats, were moving about the wagons talking a strange language. John Sarchet was the most fluent with the English tongue, and made the visitors to understand that they were Norman-French, from the island of Guernsey, in Europe, seeking homes in the new country. On this day of rest and sunshine, August 15, 1806, they sang hymns of thanksgiving and rejoicing, written and compiled by Jean De Caueteville, of the Wesleyan Methodist church. The French hymn book of Thomas Sarchet the writer has in his possession, published in 1785, having on the preface the endorsement of John Wesley. On this Sabbath day, for the first time the strains of a Methodist hymn echoed through the wilderness at Cambridge, Ohio. During the day, the three resident families of the town visited the camp of those strange looking emigrants. The writer heard some of them say in after years how strange they were in look, dress and language. These early first settlers had spent two years almost entirely isolated from the world. They were rejoiced to see the Guernsey people, the first who had come to Cambridge since their settlement in it, and the Guernsey people were pleased to find these strangers so friendly. Before night, the Guernsey people looked upon a stranger people than they, the Indians, and soon were daily visited by the Indian women, carrying their papooses tied to a board, and swung on their backs. On Monday morning the women decided that they would wash their clothing. Their camp was near the now Lofland run, and between two large flowing springs. In the afternoon, after the washing was done, the camp was again visited by the women and children of the resident families of the town, who used all the persuasive power that their language permitted in urging the women to stop and settle in the new town. After their call at the camp, the women held the first 'woman's rights convention perhaps in the state of Ohio, and decided that they would go no further west. In the meantime, the men were looking about the staked-off town and the out-lots. Only the main street, Wheeling avenue, had the underbrush cut out of it. When they returned to the camp, the women reported their action. The men protested, but their protest was of no avail. When a Guernsey woman puts her foot down, it is there. The dye was cast and Cambridge was to be the Guernsey town, and the name of Guernsey county was to perpetuate their memory. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 401 They at once began to select lots and out-lots. • Peter Sarchet chose the two lots west of the public square, on West Eighth street, fronting on Main; Thomas Sarchet chose tw0 lots east and west of North Seventh street, fronting on Main ; John Sarchet chose the lot opp0site, now the Carnes corner; Peter Sarchet chose out-lot No. 6, now the Judge Campbell addition to the city; Thomas Sarchet chose six out-lots on North Tenth street, now the old Orchard, McCollum and Meredith's addition to the city; John Sarchet chose three out-lots on North Eighth street, now the McFarland, Bond & Company and Ogier additions to the city. Two of Thomas Sarchet's out-lots and one of John's were, as soon as cleared, planted in apple trees, brought on horseback from the Putnam nursery at Marietta, These orchards were the first at Cambridge, and included varieties rarely seen at this day, Putnam Russets, Rhode Island Greenings, English Pearmain, Old Blue Streak, Golden Pippin, Pomme Royal, English Belleflower, Newtown Pippin and others. The next thing was to provide shelter for the coming winter. They continued in the camp, to which was added a brush tent, until the first cabin was erected. This was built on the northeast corner of the west lot on Seventh street, now the Carnes' livery stable corner. As soon as it was erected, before it had either floor, door or chimney, they moved from the camp up to it. In it were stored their boxes, chests and utensils, which were sparse. Near the cabin, where the trees were cut, the brush was piled, and the women raked up the leaves and burned the brush, and in the cleared space they raked and dug in turnip seed. The turnips grew large and afforded all of the vegetables they had during the winter. I have heard my uncles and aunts tell how they sat around the big wood fire in the long winter nights, and scraped turnips, and hstened to the fierce winds sweeping through the trees, while packs of wolves howled around the cabin. The second cabin was erected on the southeast corner of the now old Orchard addition to the city. While engaged in erecting this cabin, on the day of the "raising," in the afternoon, ,Betty Pallet was left at the first cabin in charge of the children. All hands, men, women and children, who could lift or push at a log, were needed at the cabin raising. In the evening, when they returned to the first cabin, they found that some person had been rummaging in the chests and boxes, and from one of the chests a sack of gold coin was missing. Betty was questioned. She denied having opened or searched the chests or boxes, or of anyone being about the cabin, or that she had left the cabin. A theft had evidently been committed, but by whom was yet to be found out. You may bet there was a "hot old time" in the Guernsey camp that night. 402 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. COUNTY'S PIONEERS (NO. 3). (Herald, November 26, 1902.) Suspicion rested on Betty. She was guarded during the night. In the morning search Was made everywhere, in and out of the cabin, and around the stumps, logs and roots or trees, but the sack of coin could not be found. Word was sent to John Beatty and Jacob Gomber, who came to the camp,, and with them some men they had in their employ. Of these were George Philips and Isaac Oldham. A statement was made of the loss of the coin, and as Guernseymen could not in English fully cross-examine Betty, she was turned over to Beatty and Gomber to pass through the "sweat box." During this examination Betty again protested her innocence, and that she knew nothing of the sack of coin. Some one on going for water found the sack of coin sunk in the spring. This spring is located on the northeast corner of Peter Dennis's lot on North Fifth street. When the sack was brought to the cabin, Betty still denied knowing anything about it, or of how it got into the spring. A statement was made that Betty had in the afternoon (lone an unusual thing; she had carried from the spring enough water for all purposes, so that no one would have to get water for use about the supper or cabin that night. After further questioning, Betty confessed that she had taken the sack to the spring, and intended to go to it during the night, and make off with it through the wood. Where she intended to get to she never divulged. Now came the question of what to do with Betty, There was no township organization at Cambridge, nor justice of the peace nearer than Zanesville. Muskingum county had just been formed, and had no jail or place for imprisonment. John Beatty and Jacob Gomber, acting as a court, decided that Beatty, having betrayed the trust committed to her by those who had befriended her and provided protection in a time of need, should be whipped and driven out of the camp and town. This action was taken from the fact that but a short time before, two men, taken as counterfeiters, were publicly whipped at Zanesville by George Beymer, sheriff, one receiving twenty-five lashes and the other thirty-nine lashes, on their bare backs, well laid on. Peter Sarchet was appointed to do the whipping, on Betty's bare back, which he did with a hickory rod, and Betty was started out into the wilderness just at nightfall, like Hagar, "from the faces of those who had dealt heavily with her." She was never heard of afterward, but it was supposed that she made her way along the Zane Trace to a Catholic settlement located in What is now Perry county, Ohio. I was seated at the bedside of a dying uncle, who was twelve years old at the time of the whipping and witnessed it. He turned over in the GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 403 bed and said : "I do wonder what became of little Betty Pallet." I remarked, "Who was Betty Pallet." Then he related the story as above, and of Betty being found wandering in the mountains. Is it any wonder that that old Christian man, eighty-four years old, who died the next clay, should turn back in thought to that boyhood scene in the wilderness, seeing Betty's bare back, the welts and the blood ? Certainly it seemed to him barbarous and inhuman treatment, as it would to us, yet such treatment was lawful punishment for crime in those days of Ohio. Judge Wilham Wilson, of Licking county, who was the first judge of the common pleas court of Guernsey county, was known throughout his district as the "whipping judge." Whipping posts were erected in every county. On the southwest corner of the public square, the whipping post of Guernsey county was erected, and was standing within the memory of the writer, used as a horse rack. After the formation of Guernsey county, Samuel Timmons, who was convicted on two counts of "uttering base coin," was tied to the post and publicly whipped on the bare back, thirty-nine lashes well laid on, on two different days, by order of Judge Wilham Wilson. Game of all kinds was plentiful, and could be had from the Indians in exchange for powder, tobacco and "whis." Beal laws were not yet. These settlers had procured guns, and the boys soon became expert hunters and could tell in after years of bringing down the bears, (leer and turkeys. One of the guns was a long-barrel rifle, with a flint lock, that would carry an ounce ball. This gun was later the property of an old uncle. It was historic, having- passed through the war of 1812, and the writer carried it to the front when Governor Tod called out the "squirrel rifle men," to check the rebel Gen. Kirby Smith, on his raid to invade Cincinnati, There was an abundance of wild grapes, crab apples, plums and papaws, which afforded some luxuries, but sugar was a luxury almost beyond price, and the grapes, crab apples and plums were only brought out upon great occasions. Thomas and John Sarchet made trips to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, with pack horses, carrying back all needed supplies such as flour, that was gotten at a mill on Yellow creek in Jefferson county, Ohio, salt, coffee, tea, etc., as also iron and steel to be worked up into axes, mattocks, hoes and nails. John Sarchet was a blacksmith. Peter Sarchet was a carpenter, and dressed the puncheon floors, made the clap-hoard doors, with wooden hinges, door latches, which answered the double purpose of latch and lock. The latch string out, by pulling gave entrance ; latch string in, locked the door. In the cabins were the corner dressers, where the women displayed their silver, pewter and brass plate, pots and kettles. In the first cabin, the families of 404 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Thomas and John Sarchet, in all fourteen, passed the first winter. In the second cabin, the families of Peter Sarchet and Daniel Ferbrache, in all twelve. My uncles have told me that the beds were three stories high, made of poles set up in the corners, and that some nights the covering of snow kept those in the upper tier warm, and that it was hard to tell where there was the most snow, out of doors or in the cabin. COUNTY'S PIONEERS (NO. 4). During the winter and spring, preparation was made for the erection of larger and better houses. The logs were all hewed and hauled to the sites. Stone was hauled for the foundations, SO that by the last of June they were ready to commence the buildings. The second colony came on in the latter part of June, 1807. Howe, in his "History of Ohio," gives the coming of the Guernsey settlers all in June, 18o6, and that when they arrived at Cambridge, it was the clay of a public sale of lots. That is not correct history. It was the coming of the second colony that gave rise to that story. There never was a public sale of lots. The first deeds made to any one of lots in Cambridge were t0 the Guernsey settlers, and they are dated September 9, 1807, and are acknowledged before Hans Morrison, who was a justice of the peace at Westbourne, now Zanesville, Muskingum county, Ohio, and are of record in Muskingum county, and by transfer of record, in Guernsey county, after its formation. The first house to be built was that of Thomas Sarchet, a large two-anda-half-story house, corner of Main and Pine streets, now Seventh and Wheeling avenue. Later there was an L frame attached to it, fronting on Seventh street. The history of this house, which was torn away at different times, I have heretofore given. it stood for three-quarters of a century, a landmark of pioneer days, and its history, if fully completed, would be a history of Cambridge, from the wilderness to city full. Its place is taken by the Mathews, Clark and Broom business blocks. This old corner was always a business corner. The old house represents the first house in Cambridge, opened in 1808. The next was the John Sarchet house, on the opposite side of Main street, a one-story hewed log house. This house was also a landmark for many years, and was made notable as the restaurant of Isaac Nis- wander, as notable in its day to Cambridge as Delmonico's to New York City. John Sarchet later built a brick house on the west corner, one among the first built in Cambridge. These two houses were his residences until he removed to Philadelphia in the early twenties. After his removal to Phila- GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 405 delphia, he was largely engaged in the manufacture of ship's irons, chain cables, anchors, etc. There seem to have been unions at that time, The Congressional Records of 1833-34 show that he represented the "Iron Masters Union of Pennsylvania," before the ways and means committee of Congress, of which Henry Clay was chairman. He made a report in opposition to Mr. Clay's tariff bill, as it affected the iron workers of Pennsylvania. Henry Clay, in his speech in favor of his tariff bill, made an attack on John Sarchet's report read before the committee. He charged him with being a native of the island of Guernsey, and that the principal business of its inhabitants was smuggling, and said that John Sarchet came before the committee of ways and means 'with dirty hands. Albert Galliten, of Pennsylvania, in reply to Mr. Clay, defended John Sarchet and his report, and declared Mr. Clay had not answered it, nor could it be answered, and said if John Sarchet came before the ways and means committee with "dirty hands," they were hands made dirty with honest toil. The next was Peter Sarchet's house on the first lot west of the public square on Main street. It was a two-story hewed log house, built near the centre of the lot, fronting to the east with a porch on that front full length of the building. He later sold to George J. Jackson, who was in some way connected with the Wyatt Hutchison family. He died in the house; and his widow remarried. Mrs. Sarah Baldwin lived in it and died in it within the memory of the 'writer. After the formation of Guernsey county, the two tipper rooms of the house were used for county offices, and were occupied by the clerk, recorder, commissioners, sheriff and collector. In 1826, while thus occupied, during the night it caught fire from a defective chimney, wood being used for fuel. The fire was discovered by a passerby, who gave the alarm. The fire had not made much headway and was soon put out. Some of the logs behind the chimney were burnt off, and others charred into charcoal. But for this midnight passerby, the building and all of the county records would have been destroyed. The county commissioners, William McCracken, Turner G. Brown and William D. Frame. decided to erect two fireproof offices west of and connecting with the old court house. These were of brick, arched over head with brick, and floored with brick. One was for the auditor and commissioners, and the other for the clerk and recorder. Daniel Hubert, father of A. J., of this city, painted the sign, costing five dollars. The first to occupy these offices were the commissioners above named, and Robert B. Moore, auditor, and Moses Sarchet, appointed to succeed C. P. Beatty, clerk, and Jacob G. Metcalf, recorder. Peter Sarchet, after he sold his property, removed to the "old salt 406 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. works," in Muskingum county, later known as the Chandler salt works, where the three brothers were engaged in the manufacture of salt. These salt springs, or seeps, had been used by the Indians in a very primitive manner for making salt. The Sarchets sunk a well, to obtain more and stronger salt brine, on the sayso of the Chandlers, who were then the owners of the land. This venture did not improve or strengthen the salt water, and after some years of hard labor, with but little profit, they threw up their lease, which they had from the Chandlers, before its expiration, the result of which were law suits by the Sarchets against the Chandlers for misrepresentations, and a suit by the Chandlers, to compel a fulfillment of the lease, and the result was, a loss to all hands and the engendering of had blood. Some years later the Chandlers began the boring of a well, and while engaged at the work, a hoax was perpetrated, which is set down in Ohio history as "The Disastrous Hoax." What is given here is condensed from Hildreth's history. In 1820 Samuel Chandler was boring a salt well near Chandlersville, nine miles southeast of Zanesville. Some ill-disposed person dropped into the well some pieces of silver, and when the borings were brought up„ the sand when examined proved to be rich with silver. The discovery of a silver mine spread like wildfire. A company was soon formed, incorporated, and called, "The Muskingum Silver Mining Company." A lease was secured from Chandler to sink a shaft down to the silver vein near his salt well. After the company had expended ten thousand dollars in an effort to develop the silver mine, the bubble burst. Chandler sued the company for damages- to his salt well, which it had to pay. The above is the history, but there is something between the lines which was always hinted at by the mining company, but was never known, how much Chandler had to do with the hoax, but first and last he received the benefit, and left the Muskingum Silver Mining Company to hold the sack. Perhaps the phrase, "salting the mine," had its origin at the Chandler salt works. This silver mine hoax was many years ago, and is almost forgotten, but the salting of mines still goes on. The wise man saith, "Lo, this only have I found, that God path made man upright; but they have sought out many inventions." Is this salting of mines one? COUNTY'S PIONEERS (NO. 5). (Herald, December 10, 1902.) The second Guernsey colony was composed of the families of James Bichard, Sen., two William Ogier families, James Ogier's, Thomas Naftel's, GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO = 407 Thomas Lenfestey's, widow Mary Hubert's, and John Marquand's, and of young men Peter Langloise, John Robin, Peter Corbet, Peter and Nicholas Bichard, John and Peter Torode, Paul Robert, Nicholas Peodvin, John Carlo and John DeLarue. These emigrants were in Cambridge in time to help at the raising of the three Sarchet houses and to erect houses for themselves for the coming of winter. At a raising of the Thomas Sarchet house a large log slipped off the skids, and struck James Bichard, grandfather of the writer, on the head. For a long time he was thought to be killed. He revived, but carried to his death a dent in his skull, as a reminder of that raising. William Ogier built a cabin on the now John M. Ogier lot on Wheeling avenue. The Marquands, Huberts and Lenfesteys built cabins on the three lots of the square next east. On the square opposite, on Wheeling avenue, the Bichards and Naftels built cabins. The prices of these town lots ranged from thirty-two dollars and fifty cents to thirty-four dollars. Besides these, George R. Tingle built a cabin on the now Odd Fellows block lot, and the Mottie family a cabin on the middle Farrar lot oh Wheeling avenue. The John Beatty house, the Judge Metcalf house, and the Sarchet houses and cabins, in addition to those mentioned, made up the Cambridge of the wilderness in the winter of 1807-8. The Marquand family later settled north on Wills creek. A few years after the second colony, other Guernsey famihes came. Among these were Wilham Lashure, who built a house on the lot west of Noel hotel, Thomas Ogier, who built a stone house on his farm north of Cambridge. He had been detained in hiding from the wrath of the Cossack soldiers that were stationed on the island, one of whom he had killed, while pillaging his orchard. Thomas DeBartram bought lot 83, on which was a cabin, the first house built on Steubenville avenue. The lot is now occupied by the Presbyterian church, Doctor Milligan's and Doctor Mooresis residences. The lot had been used by Sandy and Miller, Scotchmen, on which was erected a whip-saw mill and the cabin. These men sawed the first lumber used about the cabins and the houses of Cambridge. It would seem strange today to see two men whip-sawing lumber, yet at the price, three dollars per hundred or half the lumber, they made good wages. Thomas De Bartram was the first tailor, and had the distinction of bringing the first "goose" to Cambridge. James S. Reitilley bought lot 16, now the Burgess, Schaser and Zahniser lot, on which was built a cabin. Enoch Rush built a cabin on lot 28, now the Ramsey Cook lot, and John Maffit a cabin on the east Farrar lot. So up to this time, 1810, Cambridge was a log-house town, with the Col. Z. A. Beatty frame house partly built, located on the lot now occupied by the John M. Ogier residence, on West Wheeling avenue. 408 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. John Robin married into the Hubert family, and Peter Langloise married into the Bichard family. They both settled south on Wills creek. Daniel Ferhrache settled on government land two miles north of Cambridge, and paid for it with the gold coin Betty Pallet tried to steal. A Mr. Cumin, an Englishman who traveled through the South and West, published a history of his travels. Traveling from the West over the Zane trace, in 1808, in what he called "the stage wagon," he stopped at the Harvey tavern over night, at Zanesville. From there to Wheeling the stage wagon was in charge of George Beymer. He was the senior brother of the Beymer family at Washington, and resided at this time in now Centre township, in a tavern cabin located a short distance off the foot of the four-mile hill, Craig postoffice. Its site was later known as the old Endley brick tavern, on the old Wheeling road, kept by Major John Woodrow. The stage wagon reached the Enslow tavern, located southeast of New Concord, which was in now Westland township. The most of the early settlers west of Cambridge came by water, up the Muskingum to Duncan's Falls or Zanesville. There were two traces west from Cambridge, one to Duncansis Falls and the other to the falls above. The Zane trace west from Cambridge followed an Indian trail, to what was called "The Dead Man's Ripple," on the Muskingum river, so called because the remains of Duncan were found there. He lived near the falls, a hermit life, and it was supposed he was murdered by the Indians. Thus giving it the double name, "Duncansis Falls," and "Dead Man's Ripple," Ebenezer Zane was not pleased with the location, as he had the privilege of locating a -section of land at the crossing of the Muskingum river. He moved up to the upper falls, and opened the trace back intersecting the other near the Enslow tavern. There had been a settlement there as early as 1802, by Adam McMurdie. He sold to Enslow in 1805. The deed of conveyance speaks of buildings and orchards. The tavern was on a high hill, later known as Frew's tavern, where the stage wagon stopped for dinner. Cumin speaks of the orchards, and of the splendid view he had from the hill top. At the tavern was an extra horse, belonging to the proprietor of the stage wagon. Cumin rode this horse ahead of the stage wagon to the Beymer tavern. He speaks of the horrible road from Enslow's to Wills creek, and 0f the beauty of the landscape at Cambridge, as seen from the western hilltop as he approached the town, and of crossing a rickety toll bridge over Wills creek. That toll bridge was located at the bend in the creek, above the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, being the point where the Zane Trace crossed the creek and the Indian trail that led to Sandusky. It was near this point that the Indian massacre occurred in 1791, and where the killed, Mr. Linn, Thomas Biggs GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 409 and Joseph Hedges, were buried. At the time Cumin crossed the toll-bridge there was a ferry over the creek, south of the Cleveland & Marietta depot. The ferry boat was made with two canoes, fastened together and covered with puncheons. In 1809, Beatty and Gomber erected a toll bridge at that point, which remained there until after the erection of the present old bridge, in 1828. Cumin speaks of the cabin town of the Guernsey settlers, and of their clean looking and thrifty surroundings. He also publishes a letter written by a lady traveler from Cambridge in 1809, in which she gives a glowing description of the "cabin town" and Guernsey settlers. - He says nothing of any mail on the Trace from Wheeling to Zanesville, but there was no postoffice at Cambridge. Col. Z. A. Beatty and Cyrus P. Beatty, who was the first postmaster, did not get to Cambridge until the fall of 1809. But this mail was a sort of rural route, and the mail carrier distributed packages and letters along the line. The heads of most of the Guernsey families brought with them certificates of good moral and Christian character as members of the Wesleyan Methodist societies of the island, which gave as their sole reasons for leaving the island .`the fall of trade," signed by Jean De Caueteville, superintendent of the Wesleyan Methodist societies, of Guernsey, Alderney, Jersey and Sark, and on these certificates the Methodist Episcopal church Was organized in 1808. The reader of French and English history will remember that in the years 1805 and 1806 Napoleon Bonaparte was making preparations to invade England, crossing the channel with a large army in boats. England, for protection, stationed troops on all her channel islands. On the island of Guernsey was a large force of Russian Cossack soldiers, who made it their principal business to plunder from the small Guernsey farmers, to which class most of the Guernsey farmers belonged. Strict embargo laws were in force, the trade of the island, which was largely commercial, was cut off and the business of the island was totally suspended. It was that depression, perhaps the first, which caused the colonists to leave the island. Many of the readers have read the interesting and descriptive letter of John M. Ogier, of Cambridge, who visited the island last summer, describing its beauty and great prosperity. Its immense daily trade with England of fruits and vegetables, as well as its large commercial trade with other countries, would perhaps excite wonder that these Guernsey emigrants should leave such a beautiful and prosperous island. But let another Napoleon arise in France, and control all Europe with strict embargo laws enforced, close up all of the commercial ports, and make preparations to invade England. Then the Guernsey of today would begin to decline, and its great productiveness and 410 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. trade would cease. General Sherman said a great truth in a blunt way when he said, "War is hell," and the effects of this hell continues for years after the war is over. The effects of the war of the Rebellion continued for more than twenty years. William Berry, in his history of Guernsey, says that it was more than twenty years after 1805 and 1806 until prosperity began to be restored on the island. COUNTY'S PIONEERS (NO. 6). (Herald, December 17, 1902.) The year 1807 was called the "hard year" by the early settlers. They had just made some clearings, which they had planted in corn. Bread is the first great necessity. Corn pone and mush were relied upon by most of the settlers. The corn that they had planted was peeping through the hills when there came a great horde of squirrels from the South. The corn patches were literally alive with squirrels, digging up and eating the sprouted corn. Seed corn was hard to get, and a long journey had to be made to get seed for planting, which put the second planting into June. When this second crop was but matured into hard roasting ears, there came an early frost in September, which cooked the fodder and corn into a black and withered state. I have heard these settlers say that the mush and corn pone made from this corn when ground was as black as a hat. And to make the matter worse, in the early settlements in the East and South on the Ohio river, the wheat that was harvested, threshed and ground into flour was not fit to eat by either man or beast. This wheat goes down into history as "sick wheat." The depredations of the squirrels led the Legislature of 1807-08 to pass a law encouraging the killing of squirrels. This law made it imperative that every person who was a taxpayer in the county should furnish a certain number of squirrel scalps at the time of tax paying, the number to be fixed by the township trustees, and any person delinquent was liable to the same penalty as delinquent tax-payers on land or personal property, and any person producing to the collector more than the required number was to receive two cents for each scalp. This law is to be found in Volume 5, Ohio Laws. The law vas never enforced. An overruling providence sent on the squirrel desperadoes the most severe winter of 1807-8, known in the history of Ohio both for cold weather and snow, and the great horde of squirrels almost all perished with hunger. These early Guernsey settlers subsisted through that winter on game, black mush and black corn pone, potatoes, cabbage and turnips. I have heard my uncles say that the people had two ways of keeping GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 411 warm, one was to chop and carry in wood to keep up the fires day and night, the other was to carry water from the distant springs to thrown on the chimneys to keep the cabins from burning up. War followed the advent of the Guernsey settlers to the western wilderness. Grim-visaged war stared them in the face in their cabins and log house homes. The war whoops of the Indians, encouraged by English emissaries, rang through the forest. The great chief Tecumseh, with his shrewd, cunning and wily tread, was everywhere inciting the Indians to rapine and murder. The Guernsey settlers carried their guns to their work in the clearings, and moved about in pairs for protection. At night the cabin doors were barricaded and they slept on their arms. Daily came the word from the nearby frontiers of the capture of women and children and the burning of homes. It may be that these Guernsey settlers looked back to their island home with longing eyes. But few 0f them were yet naturalized citizens, but they did not hang their harps on the willows and cry out, "How can we sing the Lord's song in a strange land?" They were made of sterner stuff. Great Britian had no more loyal subjects than the Guernsey islanders, and here in the country of their adoption, Ohio found no more loyal citizens. Amid the Clark and depressing hour the little Methodist spark was kept aglow. Few they were, but true to their chosen church they clung together. William Ogier was a local preacher, Peter Sarchet an exhorter, and Thomas Sarchet a class leader, and regular Sunday school meetings were held at the different houses, called "French meetings," and these social meetings in their own tongues continued to be held for more than three years. The writer in boyhood attended these meetings, and has now a very distinct recollection of the seeming fervour and zeal manifested, although understanding but little of the hymns, prayers and preaching. Thomas Sarchet attended the first session of the Ohio conference at Chillicothe in 1812, and brought back with him to Cambridge William Mitchell, the senior preacher of the Zanesville circuit, who resided in his home for the next conference year, and who was the first Methodist preacher to reside in Cambridge. John Strange, the junior preacher, rode to the different charges, carrying a rifle on his shoulder. The stagnation and depression caused by the war ceased, business began to revive, the settlers were encouraged, emigration began to increase, and in 1823 Thomas Sarchet, speaking of the church's early beginning, says : "We struggled on ; my wife and myself did all that we could to render the preachers comfortable, and to open up a way for their usefulness in the community." At length the Americans began to come in, and the church to take a hold upon the people. Among these Americans were Jacob Shaffner, J. S. White, Joseph Wood, 412 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Thomas Mcllyar, Andrew Metcalf, Daniel Davis, John Davis, Joseph Cocker', Edward Mulkins, Hamilton Robb, Joseph Neeland, Levi Rhinehart and others. The National road was now located through Cambridge. Its completion was to open up a market for surplus grain, which had no cash value before. The gradation was made through Cambridge in 1827-28. Casper W. Weaver, the superintendent, gave notice to all contractors that the road would be open for through travel from Bridgeport to Zanesville, October 1, 1828. Whether there was any formal demonstration made at Cambridge, there is no record left to show. The Guernsey Times passed into the hands of Nicholas Bailhache during the years 1828-29, and of the two years there are no files or local record to be found. The great National highway, over which flowed the great moving tide of emigration westward for thirty years, was to the state of Ohio what the Appian Way was to ancient Rome, but with this difference, the Appian Way was designed to gratify the pomp and vanity of emperors and empires, kings and princes, consuls and pro-consuls, but the National road was designed to meet the wants of a free and progressive pe0ple, and to aid in building up and strengthening a great and growing republic. The Appian Way outlived its nation. The old pike served in its day and generation, a complete success, and when its glory departed as a national highway, the nation was all the stronger because it had been made, "We hear no more of the clanking hoof, And the stage coach rattled by ; For the Steam King rules the traveled world, And the "Old Pike's" left to die. And now we have passed over more than twenty years of the trying times of the Guernsey settlers, and down to the time when the dark cloud of isolation began to he dispelled, and the dawn of brighter days to appear. For the next quarter of a century the great tide of emigration, stage coaches, road wagons, emigrant wagons, horsemen and footmen moved over the highway. "Westward ho!" was still the cry. The other day a monument was erected almost to the west hne of the state of Indiana, to mark the center of population of the republic for 1890. Where will the next center he? Still farther west, the answer might be, but there is no longer any west. West is a mere relative term. The answer must he, "The boundless continent is ours," and we are again sailing over the seas from 'whence the star of empire took its westward way. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 413 LOCAL HISTORICAL SKETCH. (Jeffersonian, November 22, 1893.) We have a very distinct recollection of a moving day in the spring of 1833, when my father moved from the old house, corner of Seventh street and. Wheehng avenue, in which the writer was born, and a part of which still remains a connecting link between the past and the present, to our new home, corner of West Eighth street and Steubenville avenue, Cambridge. These three score years of Cambridge life, measuring up its growth, with some historical reminiscences, social, political, religious and otherwise, we wish to give to the readers of the Jeffersonian, in a series of papers, as there are but few links now in Cambridge that can bind together 1833 and 1893 in one continuous chain of events. Of our new home, now the Burgess property, we wish to speak from our boyhood remembrance, We saw it grow from the clay and water in the mortar box, tramped by oxen, paddled and tempered with spade, the brick hand moulded, and hacked and dried ready for the kiln, and from the wood-heated arches, after being cooled, carried and laid one by one in the wall. "Mort and more wort, brick and more brick," was the cry of the masons on the scaffold, as the hod carriers scaled the long, inclined, slatted gangway, sweating under their loads, as the walls raised up from pudlock to pudlock to completion. The old pudlock way, with scaffold on the outside, bound together by poles and wither, is a thing of the past, as is also the header and stretcher bond of the wall. Then the wall went up round by round, giving to the whole structure a gradual, equal settling. Now the walls are run up on outside course first, by a skilled workman. Then comes a slashing of mortar and brick behind, and the result is that few, if any, of the brick houses of today are without cracked walls and cracked plastering, the result of an unequal settling and an improper bond. We live today, we say. in a new age, an age of progress, but in it is much that is shoddy, much that is superficial, that won't stand the blast of time. There is a change of architecture. It is not the imposing Doric, the graceful Ionic, the magnificent Corinthian, or the arch-surmounting Etruscan, but a blending together, destroying the distinct features of each in a conglomeration of designs, that was to be seen everywhere in the Columbian architecture of the late White City on the lake. But enough of this. The growth of Cambridge, from 1806 to 1833, had been slow. Emigration was deterred from fear of the Indians, though they had been subdued and brought to terms of peace in their defeat by General Wayne, in 1794, and had entered into the "treaty of 414 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Greenville," yet they roamed about filled with hatred and revenge at the encroachments of the whites into the occupancy of their hunting grounds. The war of 1812-15 had a stagnating effect. All efforts toward improvement Were checked. The men flew to arms for the protection of their families and firesides, but uncertainty and distrust reigned among those who were left behind to await the results of the arbitrament of war. "The blast of war had blown." "Peace hath her victories no less renowned than war," and a new life seemed to open upon the frontier settlers. and the chck of the axe and the whack of the mattock meant war for civilization, for home and native land. The country was now a purely protected one. Cambridge was a protected town ; consumer and producer stood side by side. The inhabitants could not say, "No pent up Utica confines our powers, the boundless universe is ours." They were shut in, so far as traffic was concerned. A then resident said "that his boys made a quarter apiece every Sunday, trading penknives." So it was the trade went on, but the capital stock remained the same. There had to be a reciprocity,x a looking out for new fields for trade and traffic, and the hopes of the people were exultant when the projected "Cumberland road," fathered by Henry Clay, sprang into hfe and began to make its way through the wilderness. New life, new vigor, inspired the citizens of- Cambridge. The labor in building this road made a market for surplus that had a money value, and the citizens began to prepare for better homes. Among the first, after the completion of the National road in 1830, was our home, where twenty and more years of our life of boyhood and young manhood centers, as the ever memorable "halcyon days of youth." The Cambridge then platted contained one hundred and forty lots. On Main street, north side, thirty-four lots, south side, thirty-six; on Steubenville street, on the north side, thirty-six, on the south side, thirty-four. The cross streets, from east to west, 'were named Walnut, Spruce, Pine, Market, Chestnut, Mulberry and Lombardy. The old court house stood in the square, and the old log gaol, the terror of evil-doers, stood by its side. From the one, justice, tempered with mercy, flowed ; in the other, punishment, shorn of wrath, was administered to all as equals before the law. There were on the lots and streets forty-eight dwellings and shops. Of the dwellers and their avocations begins the story of three score years of life in Cambridge. We begin at the west end, south side. The first three lots contained the Beatty tanyard. The old house on the corner of the alley is a part- of the GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 415 original house. Christopher Duniver, the head tanner, lived in this house. Of this family, there are now living in Cambridge Mrs. Lemuel Bonnell and Mrs. George D. Gallup. "Chris" Duniver had been the wagoner of Capt. C. P. Beatty's company in the war of 1812. And when a war-cloud again rose in the northwest, and the call to arms was made by Governor Robert Lucas in 1835, drum and fife, in martial strains, inspired the latent patriotic spark to blood heat, "Chris" again kept step, as a recruit, to go and hurl the invading "Wolverines" from Ohio's sacred soil. This war cloud blew away, but its heroes still live in history. On the next three lots Col. Z. A. Beatty, one of the proprietors of the town, had chosen his home, where the McPherson h0me now is. He built the first frame house in Cambridge. There he lived and died in 1835. On the lots were planted apple, peach and pear trees, the earliest in the town, and the garden and lawn, fronting the street, was adorned with the choicest shrubs and flowers of the day. The National road was a complete and perfect bed of limestone, made so by rolhng and filling in the ruts with the displaced stone, until it was impervious to water and as smooth as a pavement. It was the only pavement to walk on for many years in the history of Cambridge. EARLY DAYS ON WILLS CREEK. (Jeffersonian, December 12, 1895.) The northwest part of Guernsey county was perhaps the scene of more exploits among the Indians than any other locality in the county. From the place where Bird's run flows into Wills creek, now Bridgeville, the creek makes a long, circuitous route, and flows a distance of fourteen miles to where the waters of Marlatt run are discharged into it. The distance between the mouths of these two tributaries in a straight line would not exceed three miles. This shorter route was much traveled by the Miami, Delaware and other Indian tribes during the Indian war of 1790-95, when their anxiety was to reach the settlements at Marietta, Only a few years ago their trace could he noticed in many places from Marlatt's run to the mouth of Bird's run, thence up to Indian Camp, Wills creek and Trail run, thence over the divide, and down Duck creek and the Little Muskingum. As early as the year 1810, one James Miskimins, a native of Virginia, settled on Wills creek, and took up a large quantity of land near the mouth of Marlatt's run. Having made his location, he returned to Virginia and operated a large distillery, until he had accumulated enough means to make 416 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. him comfortable. He then returned to his land on Wills creek, being one of the first settlers, As it was his custom to make money, he was soon engaged in a good business in buying fur from the Indians, rather trading with them. His only market then was at Zanesville. For the purpose of carrying his fur to market, and his corn to a horse mill, he made a large canoe, in which he could float down the creek and river to Zanesville, do his trading and return with his corn meal and a good supply of whiskey. For the purpose of keep-, ing things dry, he built a commodious warehouse on the bank of Wills creek, where he could store his fur and whiskey, and it soon became fam0us as a trading post among the Indians, as well as the few white people who had settled there. On one occasion he was longer in making his trip to Zanesville and return than usual, which induced Doughty, the Indian chief, in company with others of the tribes, to start down the creek to see what had become of "Skimmer," as they called him. They met Miskimins on his return near the mouth of White Eyes creek, and beckoned him in a friendly way to come on shore, and let them have a drink of fire water (whiskey). At their request, Miskimins landed his canoe, and treated the Indians with one drink each, then hastened on his journey up the creek, as he wished to reach his warehouse before night. Just as he was working his canoe back into the middle of the stream, one stalwart Indian who had not had enough drink, became unruly and threatened to shoot Miskimins if he did not return to the shore. Doughty told Miskimins he had better land, as the Indian was bad, and would shoot him if he did not. Miskimins again landed his canoe, and walked right up to the pesky Indian, jerked his gun from his hands, knocked him down with it,. then threw the gun into the creek where the water was deep. He then started up the creek with his canoe, and reached home the same evening, without further molestation from the Indian, The next morning when Miskimins got up, he found six burly Indians standing against his cabin, three on each side of the door. He expected to have an uneven encounter with them, but that (lid not deter him from inviting them in. They very good-humouredly went in, and then told him that the Indian he had knocked down the day before was a bad Indian, but he had a big family to maintain, that he now had no gun and nothing to buy one with, and that he (Miskimins) must give the Indian a gun, and all would be right. To this demand Miskimins readily assented. After receiving the gun and a drink, the Indians departed in peace. GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 417 SARCHET GIVES SOME HISTORY. (Times, November 12. 1903.) The late reception by the Methodist Episcopal church to Doctor Wallace and Rev. W. B. Winters and their wives, calls up this history of how receptions were given to the preachers of the long ago. There was then no knowing who was to be the preacher or preachers in advance of their coming to the charge. In 1819 Rev. Thomas A. Morris, afterward an honored bishop, was sent as the senior preacher by the Ohio conference to Zanesville circuit, of which Cambridge was one of the appointments. He moved to Cambridge, where he resided the two years he was on the circuit. He lived in a house on the now Margaret Thompson lot on East Steubenville avenue. The preaching place was in the grand jury room in the old court house, which was reached by two flights of stairs from the old court room below. It waS seated with slab benches, with here and there a chair brought by a member for his or her special use. Reverend Morris preached his first sermon, and at its close stated that Rev. Charles Elliott, the junior preacher, would preach in three weeks. The day for the junior preacher came. The little congregation was assembled, and patiently awaiting his advent. The time passed slowly on, past the appointed hour, and no preacher came. Then, after some consultation, it was decided that as it was the spring of the year, and the roads very bad, he would be unable to get there, and that before separating they would have a prayer meeting. One of the brothers took the stand and announced a hymn. The congregation rose, and sang the hymn, the leader timing out two lines at a time. While they were singing, a rough, uncouth- looking man stood at the head of one of the stairways. When the singing was finished, and they knelt in prayer, with the leader, the strange, uncouth man knelt also. When the prayer was over, and the congregation resumed their seats and the leader was about to give out another hymn, the strange man walked forward to the stand, and standing with his back to the congregation, began to disrobe. Laying down his riding whip, taking off his greatcoat, which was all bedraggled with mud, and his leggings and overshoes of buffalo-hide, he turned, facing the congregation, and said, "I am the junior preacher, Charles Elliott," and opening the Bible, he read as a text Judges third and twentieth, "I have a message from God unto thee." After the sermon, closing hymn, and prayer, the congregation gathered around the stand, greeting the young preacher, and giving their names. The most of them were the French Guernsey settlers. He was taken in charge by Thomas Sarchet. His horse, which was tied to a Stump in the square, was 418 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. taken to the stable by one of the Sarchet boys. The greeting and reception was over, and the young preacher had found a home, where he continued to stay while on the east end of the circuit. A young boy present at this reception went home, and told his parents "that a man came in while they were singing, and knelt at the head of the stairs, during prayer, and that everybody thought he was a hog-driver; but behold, he turned out to be the preacher!" This supposed "hog-driver" preacher became one of the prominent men of western Methodism, and as editor of the Pittsburg Advocate Journal and Western Christian Advocate sent out weekly messages to the homes of western Methodists. GENERAL JACKSON'S VISIT TO CAMBRIDGE. (C. P. B. Sarchet, in Times, March 22, 1906.) When General Jackson, then President of the United States, passed. through Cambridge in the fall of 1831, on his way east to Washington City, the new bridge over Wills creek, now the old bridge on Dewey avenue, was just receiving its second coat of paint inside and out, also the roof. It was somewhat barricaded 'with scaffolding and the general travel had to be directed to the old Beatty and Gomber toll bridge, located a short distance west of the new bridge. General Jackson was traveling in a private carriage, with a colored driver and a colored servant mounted on top as a postillion. Behind the carriage there followed a colored boy mounted on the General’s old white war horse. The cavalcade stopped at the old "Bridge House" tavern, kept by David Ballantine. There the General changed his dress of travel into the full suit of a major-general of the United States army. The old war horse was fully caparisoned 'with military saddle, saddle blanket, bridle and housing, all of these bespangled with shining stars and fringed with red trappings. At the "Bridge House" he was met by an improvised drum corps and a number of the old soldiers of the war of 1812, and his Democratic adherents of the town and nearby country. The Whigs and Democrats of that day were hke the Jews and Samaritans of old, politically they had no assimilations with the Democrats, and especially for Andy Jackson, who had beaten the Whig idol of Ohio, Henry Clay. Major James Dunlap, an officer of the Pennsylvania militia in the war of 1812, then a citizen of Cambridge, was marshal of the parade, assisted by Ancil Briggs, his son-in-law, who was later the first governor of the state of Iowa. The Major had two sons, George Washington and Andrew Jack- GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 419 son. These were conspicuous in the parade. George beat the base drum and "Fat Jack," dressed in his best bib and tucker, walked by the side of his father, at the head of the procession. When all was in readiness, the marshal headed the column, followed by Old Glory flaunting in the breeze, followed by the drum corps. Then came General Jackson, mounted on the white war horse, with the trappings and stars and spangles glittering in the morning sunlight, followed by the carriages, soldiers and citizens. The Cambridge postmaster, Jacob Schaffner, was conspicuous in the drum corps, playing the snare drum. As the column moved through Wheeling. avenue, General Jackson, with his three-cocked hat, surmounted with a long white plume, in his hand, waved it right and left to the onlookers, whilst his long white locks fluttered in the breeze. At the top of the east hill the change was made hack to the regular traveling mode. "FROM HEN TO MOUTH." Old Major Bute, grandfather of J. B. Ferguson, Esq., of this city, was a frequent horse-back traveller on the old pike. These horse-back travellers usually got up early at the tavern where they spent the night, and rode five or more miles to another tavern early in the morning to take breakfast. The Major told this story : He had ridden some miles in the early morning, and reached a tavern where he stopped to feed his horse and eat his breakfast. After washing and getting ready for breakfast, he took a seat on the porch in front of the tavern. While seated there the hall door was opened, and he heard a boy call, "Mother, the old hen is on!" The landlord came out, and took a seat by the Major. After waiting some time, the Major asked the landlord if breakfast would soon be ready. The reply was, "Yes, in a short time." Then the Major heard the boy call, "Mother, the 0ld hen's off, and I've got the eggs." The landlord went in, but soon came out and invited the Major to breakfast. On the table was "ham and egg." The Major remarked that he had often heard of people living from hand to mouth, but that was the first time in his experience he had heard of anyone living from "hen to mouth." THE OLD PIKE AND EARLY INNS. (From Reminiscences published in the local press by Colonel Sarchet.) A few miles west of Fairview old Billy Armstrong kept a notable tavern and wagon stand, on the top of the hill, then known as the "Taylor Hill," on 420 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. the old pike. He kept a team on the road. He was a jolly old Irishman. It was a famous place and the wagoners often drove late at night to reach Armstrong's, as did other travelers. It was said that an Irishman, traveling on foot, stayed there over night, and in the morning after breakfast told old Billy that he had no money to pay his bill. "Why didn't you tell me that last night?" said old Billy. The Irishman said: "And faith, I'm sorry enough to tell y0u this morning." This Irish wit so tickled old Billy that he gave him a parting drink and bade him proceed on his journey with good luck. Old Billy was a great Jackson man and a Democrat, and would argue that Jackson did more for the old pike than did Henry Clay, its great champion. His Democratic friends of Oxford township for his party loyalty elevated him to the high and honorable dignity of esquire. He was now no longer called old Billy, but "Squire Billy." Toward the end of the palmy days of the old pike, he was further rewarded by his party and was elected from the Guernsey-Monroe district to the Senate of Ohio. In the Senate at that time was a leading Democrat named Aiken. He was fond of a joke and concluded to play one on old Billy. His name on the Senate roll came just before Armstrong's. He conceived the idea that old Billy always voted as he did on all questions, whether political or local. One day a measure came up to be voted on of some political character. Aiken's name was called and he voted with the Whigs. Armstrong's was called and he voted the same way. After the vote was completed the Democrats gathered around Aiken's desk to know why he had voted with the Whigs. He replied that he was setting a trap. The next morning, after the journal was read, Aiken rose up and asked to change his vote to the Democratic side, which was granted. Then old Billy, who sat some distance away, rose up and asked that his vote be changed to the Democratic side, which was granted. And now with the Whigs old Billy came to he known as "the follower of the file leader." At the old Hoover tavern, then kept by David Holtz, the writer first saw old Pete Jackson, colored, who was later a historic darkey of Cambridge. He married "Tempy" Mitchell, and Pete and Tempy had many warm times. Pete would get drunk and try to clear the kitchen and break the dishes, and Tempy would drive Pete off. When he was asked why he did not stay with Tempy, Pete would say : "Oh, there is a coolness now, but it will warm up again when the moon changes." Pete worked a good many years at the old Cambridge foundry, carried on by Clark Robinson and B. A, Albright. They finally disagreed and dis- GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 421 solved partnership, and had many lawsuits. Pete waS one of the witnesses. In one of the cases a question was prepared by Billy Hillyer, a pettifoging attorney engaged in the case. He stated the question to Pete and said, "Now you must answer the question by yes or no." Pete studied a little and then said : "I wouldnsit believe that lie if I swore to it myself." Some distance northwest of Middleton lives old Isaiah Parlett. He was one of the very "old timers" wagoning to Baltimore, which is more than three hundred miles from where he lived. The usual average day'S drive was fifteen miles, and in winter and bad weather was less, so that almost a month and a half was taken to make a trip. At Middleton and near it were a good many old wagoners. Many of these hauled east to Cumberland, Maryland, after the Baltimore & Ohio railroad had been completed that far west. Among these were William Parlett, William and Andrew Moore, William and Thomas Dunn. The most of these only hauled east as far as the Ohio river at Bridgeport and Wheeling and west from there to the towns along and adjacent to the old pike, as far west as the Ohio canal. The teams in Ohio, west of the Ohio river, that east of Wheeling would have been called "sharpshooters" were called "militia teams." That the old pike was a first class highway was evidenced by incidents given of wagoners wh0 left it with loads for the adjacent towns. We give this incident taken from the "Old Pike :" Daniel Barcus agreed to deliver from Baltimore in 1838, a load of merchandise weighing eight thousand three hundred pounds, to Mt. Vernon, Ohio, in good condition at the end of thirty days at four dollars and twenty-five cents per hundredweight. He left the old pike at Jacktown, west of Zanesville. From Jacktown to Mt. Vernon Was thirty-two miles, the whole distance being three hundred and ninety-seven miles. At Mt. Vernon he loaded back with tobacco in hogsheads, seven thousand two hundred pounds, at two dollars and seventy-five cents per hundredweight. On the way back before reaching Jacktown, he upset, without any damage except the detention. The expense of getting his wagon turned up and re-loaded was a jug, ten cents, and one gallon of whisky, thirty cents. Barcus says that when he struck the National road at Jacktown he felt at home again. Barcus says that he often stayed at the Wallace tavern near Brownsville, Pennsylvania, and one night after taking care of his team, he accompanied the two daughters to a country party, where they danced all night, till broad daylight, and walked home with the girls in the morning. These social parties were frequent on the old pike both east and west, Many of the old wagoners were good fiddlers. Most of the old tavern keepers kept a fiddle. 422 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. Major James Dunlap, who was the first marshal of the incorporated village of Cambridge, and one of its prominent and respected citizens, kept a tavern on the old pike east of Washington, Pennsylvania, called the "Mt. Vernon House." He was keeping that house as early as 1816. This is what the "Old Pike" says of him : "Major Dunlap was a prominent man of his day, and brigade inspector of the Washington county militia, an officer of no little consequence in the history of Pennsylvania. He later kept the 'Jackson House' in Washington." The writer has heard Major Dunlap and Joseph L. Noble, who kept a tavern on what was known as "Egg Nog Hill," and who was later a citizen of Cambridge, tell of the winter frolics at the old taverns in the mountains. There was a noted tavern called the "Three Gals' House." It was kept by three maiden ladies, and thus its name. One of the "gals" played the fiddle, and fandangoes and hoedowns were of frequent occurrence at the Three Gals' Tavern. Old Sam Smith was a wagoner and kept a tavern at Elizabethtown on the old pike east of Washington. He was one of the celebrated Smith families, tavern keepers, stage drivers and wagoners on the pike, east of the Ohio river. These Smiths followed the fortunes of the old pike west into Ohio. Part of the old Smith tavern is still standing as a relic of its past glories. It was a place where tobacco was brought in from the south by the "militia teams," to be re-loaded for the east, and was a well-patronized tavern. Teams of some character were to be seen day and night in the Smith wagon yard. After the busy days of the old pike were over, and Sam Smith slept in the village grave yard, old Billy Richards lived in the old tavern. He had a boy that was not bright. The late Dr. J. T. Clark told this story : Richards burnt wood for his fires and had a large wood yard in front of his house. The wo0d had been cut up in the yard, leaving many chips to be gathered up. The Doctor said as he was passing one day on his professional business, he noticed the Richards boy going to the house with a big arm load of chips. When he reached the door, he threw down the load and said : "Damned if I carry chips." Moral—don't quit too soon. Samuel Jackson, known in the early history of Cambridge as General Jackson, was an old wagoner on the road east of Wheeling before the National road was constructed. He drifted west along with the old stone bridge builders, the firm of Kinkeade & Beck, who built the celebrated "S" bridge on the pike west of Washington, Pennsylvania. Near this bridge was the celebrated tavern of the widow Caldwell, Cumrine, in his history of Wash- GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 423 ington county, gives many of the enlivening scenes that took place at the Caldwell tavern. In the opening chapter of "The Old Pike," by the Hon. L. B. Seabright, the Hon. James G. Blaine, who was a student at Washington and Jefferson College, says : "Caldwell's tavern (we did not use the high-sounding 'hotel,' but the good old Anglo-Saxon `tavern'), with itS wide 0pen fireplace in the cheerful bar-room, and the bountiful spread in the dining room, and the long porch for summer loafers, and the immense stabling with its wealth of horseflesh, and the great open yard for the wagons ! How real and vivid it all seems to me at this moment ! All the reminiscences of the old pike, for which you are an enthusiast, are heartily shared by me." This firm of Kinkeade & Beck built the crooked stone bridge east of Cambridge. and did the stone work of the old bridge over Wills creek 0n Dewey avenue of this city and the cro0ked stone bridge over Crooked creek west of this city. With these bridge builders General Jackson came to Cambridge as a wagoner, and first resided in a log cabin which was located 0n the high ground south of Wills creek and east of the old bridge. After the completion of the National road west to Cambridge, he began again wagoning to the East on the pike, which he continued for many years, and was followed in his old days by his son, Samuel, who took for a wife Miss Phoebe Valentine, daughter of John Valentine, a noted tavern keeper of West Alexander, Pennsylvania. Of him the "Old Pike" says : "If he had a predecessor or successor in this house, his name is totally eclipsed by that of John Valentine." This family of Jackson, father, mother, son and wife, rest in their graves in the old "Hutchison" graveyard, in Adams township, Some time ago, in a conversation with Rev. Dr. Milligan, he inquired if we had read a book in the Cambridge library, entitled "Claysville 0n the Old Pike." We replied that we had not. He then said, "You ought to get it and read it, I think it would interest you." So we took his advice and with his assistance in finding it in the new library room, we to0k it out and read it with a good deal of interest. It was written by Rev. Dr. Birch, of New York. It was a history of the old Claysville Presbyterian church, and in it the author gives some of the enlivening scenes of the old pike, as witnessed in his boyhood and while a student at Washington and Jefferson college. There was much in it that we had heard in our boyhood about the old pike. He gave the names of many of the wagoners, and described their old broad-wheeled wagons, and the names of many of the old stage coaches, stage drivers and descriptions of some of his stage rides on top of the coaches with 424 - GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. the drivers from Washington to Wheeling. He gives a reminiscence of old Joseph Lawson, father of Mrs. Isaac Lofland, of this city, and his famous tavern in West Alexander, and calk up from the dead past the celebrated "Gretna Green" and the old justice of the peace, Joseph F. Mayes, who married nineteen hundred and eighteen eloping couples, from 1861 to 1881, and in all, from 1835 to 1885, more than five thousand. He speaks of the old Reed tavern at "Coon Island." The point is now Vienna station on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. Think of an old stage driver or wagoner going back to "Coon Island" to find himself "a mere looker-on in Vienna." He speaks of the relay house at "Rooneysis Point" and of the "Clay monument" and other historic points on the west end of the old pike. Among the stage drivers he mentions is the redoubtable Archie McNeil, whom the writer knew in boyhood. His father, Archibald McNeil, carried on blacksmithing at the old Sarchet salt works on Wills creek, five miles north of Cambridge, Around the salt w0rks and his father's shop, young Archie spent his boyhood days. He was a great lover of horses and would run away from the blacksmith shop and sneak off with a bridle or halter t0 the large bottom farm of the writer's father, Moses Sarchet, who at that date kept a large number of colts, aged from one to three years. Archie would drive them into a log stable and catch the first one he could, without regard to age, and ride it about the pasture field. So while Archie continued around all the colts, year after year, were broken to ride. Archie finally drifted to Cambridge, and began to lead extra stage horses from station to station on the old pike, and at times ride back and forth with the stage drivers on the box. He soon began to handle the reins and became a noted driver. He drifted east on the old pike, east of Wheeling. This is what Hon. T. B. Searight says of Archie in the "Old Pike :" "Archie McNeil was of the class of merry stage drivers and enlivened the road with his quaint tricks and humorous jokes. An unsophisticated youth from the back country, of ungainly form and manners, sauntered into Washington, Pennsylvania, to seek employment, with an ambition not uncommon among young men of that day to became a stage driver. He fell in with Archie McNeil and made known the object of his visit. Archie, ever ready for a joke, encouraged the aspirations of the young 'greenhorn.' "Opposite the 'National House' there was a long shed into which empty coaches were run for shelter. Archie proposed to the young fellow that he furnish a practical demonstration 0f his talent as a driver, to which he readily assented. He was directed to climb up on the driver's seat ; then Archie fastened a full set of reins to the end 0f the coach tongue and handed them GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO - 425 to the young fellow, and also a driver's whip and told him to show what he could do. "The coach bodies, be it remembered, were placed on long, stout and wide leather springs, which caused gentle rocking when in motion. The young fellow, fully equipped as a driver, swayed himself back and forth, cracked the whip first on one side and then on the other of the tongue, rocked the coach and manipulated the reins, with great pomp, and c0ntinued to exercise himself in this manner for a time, without evincing the slightest consciousness that he was the victim of a joke. "A number of persons, the writer included, witnessed this ludicrous scene, and heartily enjoyed the fun. Among the spectators was James G. Blaine, then a student at Washington College. "McNeil was a son-in-law of Jack Bayliss, the old stage driver from Washington to Claysville." James Bayliss, an old stage-driver here at Cambridge, was a son of Jack Bayliss. Henry Bayliss and the Misses Bayliss, of this city, are children of James Bayliss. This is an old song that the writer heard William Sheets, an old stage driver and wagoner, sing in the tavern of George W. Hoan, at Fairfield, Iowa, a half century ago. G. W. Hoan was a former tavern keeper at Cambridge. "Oh. the songs they would sing and the tales they would spin, As they lounged in the light of the old country inn, But a day came at last when the stage brought no load To the gate as it rolled up the long dusty road. And lo ! at the sunrise a shrill whistle blew O'er the fields—and the old yielded place to the new— And a merciless age with its disc0rd and din Made wreck, as it passed, of the pioneer inn."