200 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY The demise of his wife occurred in 1899, when she had attained the age of seventy-nine years. Henry A. Seinsheimer obtained his education in the public schools of his native city, leaving the Hughes high school when a youth of fifteen. After putting aside his text-books he began earning his own livelihood, being first employed for six months as driver of a delivery wagon by M. Loth, in whose office he afterward remained for three years. Subsequently he became identified with the clothing manufacturing industry as office man for Glaser & Wolfson, continuing with that concern and its successors for fifteen years. On the expiration of that period, in association with Benjamin Lowenheim and Charles M. Kahn, he organized a company for the manufacture of boys' clothing, beginning operations on a small scale on Third street. The enterprise prospered and the partnership was maintained until the death of Mr. Lowenheim, subsequent to which event Mr. Kahn went to the east. Mr. Seinsheimer thus became the sole proprietor of the business and its continued growth is due to his excellent executive ability and sound judgment. He utilizes two floors of the Pugh building and furnishes employment to three hundred people on the premises, while a similar number are engaged in outside work. A self-made man in the best sense of the term, the record of Mr. Seinsheimer is one which should prove an inspiration and encouragement to all who are dependent upon their own resources for whatever success they may hope to achieve. By dint of unfaltering industry, unswerving integrity and undaunted perseverance he worked his way steadily upward to a position among the prosperous and respected business men of Cincinnati. The family residence is at No. 3640 Reading road. Mr. Seinsheimer belongs to the Phoenix Club and the Business Men's Club, while fraternally he is identified with the Royal Arch Masons. His life has been one of well directed effort and enterprise, resulting in the attainment of a creditable and gratifying measure of success. In all his relations he has enjoyed the respect and confidence of his fellowmen because he is honest, upright, persistent and determined. EDWARD W. EDWARDS. To stand at the head of an enterprise which o’ertops every other undertaking of similar character in the United States indicates at once the possession of superior business ability, energy and sagacity, qualities which have brought Edward W. Edwards from a humble position in the business world to the place of prominence which he now occupies as the president and general manager of the Edwards Manufacturing Company, makers of the most extensive line of sheet metal building material in the world. He has been engaged in this business since 1891. His entire life has been passed in Cincinnati, where he was born May 1, 1874, his father, Walter Edwards, having located in this city at the time of the Civil war. He was born in London, England, as was his wife, who bore the maiden name of Ellen Bryan. Emigrating to America while the country was involved in strife over the question of secesson, he took up his abode in Cincinnati, where his remaining days were passed. He was a natural mechanic and became superintendent CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 203 of the old Greenwood Foundry which for a number of years was the largest foundry west of the Alleghany mountains. His death occurred in 1888, when he was forty-nine years of age. His wife was a woman of rare courage and fidelity and, left with a family of ten children, she nobly undertook the responsibility of rearing them to maturity and instilling into their minds principles which should become manifest in noble manhood and womanhood. Her efforts met with deserved success and her family became one of whom she, had reason to be proud. Her sons and daughters in order of birth were as follows : Hattie, now deceased ; Walter A., superintendent of the Edwards Manufacturing Company ; Christopher B., president of the Moeschel-Edwards Corrugating Company and a resident of Covington, Kentucky; Mary, who married Lewis A. Hildreth, of Evanston, Ohio; George R., vice president of the Edwards Manufacturing Company; Nellie R., the wife of Stewart Welch, of Columbus, Ohio; Edward W. of this review ; Emma, now the wife of Professor Charles R. Clark, of Champaign, Illinois ; Matilda, of Cincinnati ; and Howard W., treasurer, of the Edwards Manufacturing Company. At the usual age Edward W. Edwards was sent to the public schools, and passing through consecutive grades eventually was graduated from the Woodward high school with the class of 1891. He at once became connected: with the sheet metal business and close application gave him a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the trade in all of its phases and in its various' principles as well. The present business had its inception in 1901 when, on Sycamore street, he began manufacturing a few sheet metal articles. Success attended the undertaking from the beginning and the new enterprise soon outgrew its original quarters so that land was purchased on Eggleston, extending from Fourth to Fifth streets. Upon this, large buildings were erected in 1905, the main office and works being situated there. The business has steadily developed along substantial lines; branch houses have been established in New York and in San Francisco, and today the enterprise is the largest of this character in the United States, their annual sales amounting to over one 'million dollars. System, brains and ability are plainly manifest in factory discipline and arrangement. Every possible laborsaving device is used and the cost of production is kept down to the lowest mark. The organization is the result of the most careful study and thorough business knowledge and it is due entirely to such .institutions and enterprises that Cincinnati has attained such prominence as a manufacturing and commercial center. The company was organized with Mr. Edwards as president and general manager; G. R. Edwards as vice president ; G. D. Myers, secretary ; and H. W. Edwards, treasurer. Their line of manufactured sheet metal building materials is the most extensive in the world and includes "the Edwards" metal ceilings, metal shingles, metal fire proof windows; corrugated iron and steel roofing, metal boats, steel imitation brick and stone siding, metal tile, crestings, ornamental stamped and spun work and in fact includes. everything that pertains to sheet metal building material. Employment is furnished to about two hundred and fifty workmen and the business, incorporated in 1902, now has a paid-in capital and surplus of over five hundred thousand dollars. On the 14th of October, 1901, Mr. Edwards was married to Miss Eleanore M. Zimmerman, a daughter of George Zimmerman; of Canal Dover, Ohio, and unto them have been born two children, Helen Elizabeth and Eleanore. While 204 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY business interests have made heavy demands upon his time and attention, Mr. Edwards has yet found opportunity for cooperation in public projects and in the social life of the city. He is a member of the Business Men's Club, the Queen City Club, the Automobile Club, the Hamilton County Golf Club, the Cincinnati Country Club and the Cincinnati Golf Club. He has always been a republican but has never taken an active part in politics. In 1910 he went abroad, accompanied by his wife, and they traveled quite extensively in the old world. As he says, "A man who has his nose on the grindstone can see only the grindstone." It has been because of an even-balanced judgment that Mr. Edwards has known just when and where to put forth his efforts and to divide his time between business activity and those interests which afford needed rest and recreation. His success is due to the fact that he has absolutely thorough knowledge of his business. In the earlier years he would not allow himself to enter upon any side issue that would divert him from his purpose in developing and building up the enterprise of which he is now the head and which is recognized' as the foremost under-. taking of this character in the world. Today, however, he 'is an officer and director in several other important corporations. Such in brief is the business history of one who has made for himself a place among Cincinnati's most substantial and progressive manufacturers. There has 'been no esoteric phase in his entire life record. He has won success because he has labored earnestly and persistently for it. Fatigue and discouragement have never been allowed to play a part in his business record and on the contrary he has cultivated persistency of purpose,.determination and the sound judgment which is a combination of intelligence and close study of a given subject. Mr: Edwards is today qualified to speak with authority upon sheet metal manufacture' and his business is a splendid monument to his labors and enterprise. OTTO ARMLEDER. As a manufacturer Otto Armleder, of Cincinnati, years ago gained an established reputation and wagons from his factory are in active demand in every part of the United States and many foreign countries. The large business of which he is the head has been developed through his ability and energy and is a worthy tribute to well directed effort.. He comes of Teutonic ancestry on both sides of the house and is a native of Cincinnati, born October 15, 1862. His father, John Armleder, was born in Germany in 1827 and came to America in the early part of the '5os. He died in 1872. During the war he was a member of the Home Protectors in Kentucky. The mother, Maria Geiser before her marriage, was' born in Germany in 183o, and died in October, 1894. Otto Armleder received his early education at Dayton, Ohio, and at St. Xavier College, later graduating at the Queen City Commercial College. After leaving the commercial college he began learning the flour milling business, in which he continued for six months. He then went into the beer bottling business on his own account, although only seventeen years of age, as the Cincinnati Beer Bottling Company. The venture proved successful but the field was not wide enough for an ambitious young man and at the age of twenty he embarked in the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 205 wagon-making business on the south side of Longworth street, the title of the firm being Armleder & Company. He employed twenty men and applied himself with such ability that it became necessary to' secure larger quarters and he moved to a six story building on the north side of the same street, to which he later added two more stories. He also opened a factory on Hunt street and maintained a mill at Carr and Seventh streets.. In 1904 he moved to the site which he now occupies at Twelfth and Plum streets and consolidated the various branches of the business at that point. The plant covers an area of one hundred and twenty-five thousand square feet and the company now employes two hundred and sixty persons, its name being favorably known throughout every part of the United States. Heretofore Mr. Armleder confined his business to the manufacture of wagons exclusively but he is now beginning the Manufacture of commercial automobiles, for which he sees an increasing demand. On the 19th of November, 1889, Mr. Armleder was married at Cincinnati, to Miss Katherine Manss, a daughter of Henry and Helen (Fitzgerald) Manss, both of whom are now deceased. In politics Mr. Armleder votes independently, as he prefers to support the man rather than to give his adherence to any political organization. He is a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree and a Shriner, being also a life member of the Elks. Socially he is well known. He takes an active interest in club life and is a member of the Business Men's Club and the Queen City, Avondale Golf, Curvier Press, Pen and Pencil and Laughery Clubs. He is a man of pleasing address and his genial nature has attracted many friends, who place in him their complete confidence. He may truly be designated as one of the substantial, representative citizens of Cincinnati. For many years he has been active in every movement for the advancement of Cincinnati's interests and was president of the fall festivals of 1903 and 1906 both of which were artistic and financial successes. JOHN OWENS. John Owens, who for many years occupied clerical positions that made him well known in official circles that centered in the courthouse of Cincinnati, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 29th of May, 1851, his parents being John and Mary (Brenan) Owens, both of whom were of Irish descent. On leaving the Keystone state they removed westward to Cincinnati, their son John being at that time a little lad of three years. In this city the father purchased the old Washington Hotel, which he conducted up to the time of his. death, when his widow took charge of it and managed its affairs for a long period. In the family were four children, of whom John was the eldest son. The others are : Thomas, now a resident of Cincinnati ; Sarah J., who is a teacher in the public schools here; and Mrs. Ellen Flynn, whose home is in Indianapolis. Reared in Cincinnati, John Owens, of this review, pursued his education in the public schools of the city and in St. Xavier College, followed by a course in a Catholic school at Dayton, Ohio. He then returned to Cincinnati and secured a position in a wholesale novelty store. Later he held a number of different clerical positions in the courthouse, remaining there altogether for about seven 206 - CINCINNATI-THE QUEEN CITY years, after which he was appointed to the position of sergeant-at-arms at the city hall in Cincinnati, and had held that position for about four years at the time of his demise, which occurred on the 19th of December, 1885. On the 23d of November, 1875, in Cincinnati, Mr. Owens was united in marriage to Miss Ellen J. Gibbons, a daughter of John and Catherine (Fox) Gibbons. Mrs. Owens has been a resident of Cincinnati from the age of one year, when her parents came from the Emerald Isle and established a home in the new world. Her father was engaged in the cooperage business, and both he and his wife died in this city. They were loyal, and devoted members of the Catholic church and were people of the highest respectability. Their family numbered three children who reached adult age, namely : Mrs. Owens ; Edward, a resident of Cincinnati ; and Mrs. Catherine Runyan, living in Illinois. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Owens was blessed with five sons : Thomas J., a resident of Chicago, where he occupies an excellent position with a large clothing house ; F. X., of Cincinnati, secretary of the Kruger Baking Company and who wedded Mary Marks, by whom he has three children : F. X., Jr., Jack and ,Alice ; John, who is engaged in the asbestos business and lives at home; Edward C., who is connected with the Kruger Baking Company ; and William H., who is also associated with the Kruger Company. The latter married Ella Held and they have two children: Virginia M. and W. H. Mr. Owens always gave his political allegiance to the democratic, party from the time that age conferred upon him the right of franchise, and he ever kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day so as to be able to cast an intelligent vote. He was loyal to the teachings of the Catholic church, of which he was a communicant, and he possessed many of the sterling and characteristic traits of the Irish race, including the wit and geniality which go so far toward augmenting the pleasures of social life. SAMUEL CANBY TATUM.  Samuel C. Tatum figured for many years as a prominent business man of Cincinnati. Many theories have been advanced regarding success and the best method for its attainment, but careful analysis of the lives of successful men brings one to the conclusion that earnest, indefatigable effort, intelligently directed, constitutes the basis of all honorable advancement in the business world, This statement finds its proof in the life of Mr. Tatum, who reached the goal of affluence by closely following the path of ind"ust"ry and resolute purpose. In building his own fortunes he' also contributed to the upbuilding and advancement of Cincinnati in a material way.  His life record had its beginning 'at Wilmington, Delaware, on the 13th of May, 1827, his parents being John W. and Mary (Canby) Tatum. His father was a minister of the Society of Friends, or Quaker's, and after the war was one of two men who personally called upon President Lincoln to secure the release of a representative of the sect who was held prisoner. The family home was upon a large farm about two miles from Wilmington, and there Samuel C. Tatum spent his boyhood and youth amid rural surroundings. The home.  CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 207 however, was one of culture and refinement and valuable lessons of life were there indelibly impressed upon his memory. In the acquirement of his education he attended Haver ford College, a Quaker school of Philadelphia, after which he was apprenticed to learn the machinist's trade, and thus qualified for entrance into the business world. He was still a resident of Pennsylvania, when, on the 19th of May, 1849, he was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor Bardsley, and a few days later they started for Cincinnati, it requiring a little over a week's time to make the journey across the mountains and on to their destination. Stationary engines were used in operating a cable that pulled rude cars over the mountains, and from Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, to Cincinnati the journey was made by boat. After reaching his destination, Mr. Tatum formed a partnership with two old friends of his father, John W. Reynolds and a Mr. Kite, under the firm name of Reynolds, Kite & Tatum, for the conduct of an iron and steam-fitting business on John and Water street. The venture, however, proved unprofitable, and in 1859 Mr. Tatum turned his attention to the establishment and conduct of a small foundry at the northeast corner of John and Water street. There by hard labor, often continuing by night as well as by day, he built up a large business. For many years this firm was widely known in connection with the manufacture of sewing machine stands, as well as in general foundry trade. When his partners died Mr. Tatum took full charge of the business, and now the Samuel C. Tatum Company is one of the most extensive corporations operating in Cincinnati. The business was established along safe and substantial lines, but at the outset an extensive policy was introduced that has been closely followed and has led to the rapid and substantial growth and enterprise of what is now one of the foremost of the industrial concerns of the city. Aside from his connection with this business, now carried on under the Samuel C. Tatum Company, Mr. Tatum was a director of the firm of J. A. Fay & Company, Hall Safe & Lock Company and the Egan Company. As previously stated, Mr. Tatum was married ere his removal to Cincinnati. His wife was a daughter of James and Anna C. Bardsley, who were English people, and Mrs. Tatum was born in England, near Manchester, whence she came to the United States when ten years of age. The family located at Wilmington, and later went to Philadelphia. Her parents were Episcopalians in religious faith. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Tatum were born four children, of whom the eldest, Mary Canby, died when twenty-five years of age. Amy .became the wife of Samuel E. Hilles, president of the Samuel C. Tatum Company, and died in 1904, leaving a son, William T., who wedded Mary Reed and is now professor of a college in the Philippine Islands. Elizabeth T. is the widow of Alfred Long, of Cincinnati, and has one daughter, Eleanor Tatum Long. Samuel C., the youngest, died at the age of thirty years. Mr. Tatum died very suddenly at his home at Avondale, June 16, 1887, having taken up his abode there in 1884. While business interests claimed much of his time, he yet found opportunity to cooperate in many movements which have had direct bearing upon the intellectual, esthetic and moral development of the city. In his later years he was a director of the Art Museum and served as a member of its building committee. His work in connection with that institution demanded a large share of his time and thought, and his judgment in 208 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY matters of art was such as to rank him with the connoisseurs. He used his knowledge and time freely and also gave not a little of his fortune for the benefit of the Art Museum. No good work done in the name of charity or religion sought his aid in vain and for many years he was associated with the Young Men's Christian Association and with the Children's Home, in both of which he took great interest. About 188o he was elected councilman at Avondale, yet had little ambition along political lines. He held office in the Society of Friends but never sought personal prominence in any of these connections, for he was a man of marked modesty as well as of courtesy and unfaltering integrity. He had a most extensive circle of friends, including all classes of people, for true worth always won his appreciation and recognition and the qualities of sterling manhood ever awakened his respect and regard. CARL LOUIS NIPPERT. In the list of distinguished men now deceased who have graced the bar of Cincinnati and won acknowledged standing on account of character and ability is the name of Carl L. Nippert, who served as lieutenant governor of Ohio and also for a number of years as probate judge of Hamilton county. As an educator he gained an enviable reputation before his admission to the bar and as a lawyer ranked among the leaders in Hamilton county. He was born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in Germany, October 1o, 1853, while his parents were temporarily living abroad, being the eldest son of Louis and Metta Nippert. The father was a German minister of the Methodist church in Cincinnati but was sent to Germany about 1850 to take charge of a school for the education of young men for the ministry. It was during this sojourn that the son Carl was born. The father returned to the United States in the '70s and took charge of a church at Walnut Hills, Cincinnati. He died in this city. Carl L. Nippert was educated in Germany, graduating as a civil engineer. When about twenty-four years of age he came to America and after teaching school for several years in Philadelphia arrived in Cincinnati, where he established his permanent home. He taught school in the eleventh district and later became principal of the school in that district. While teaching he studied law and also being greatly interested in politics was much in demand as a platform speaker in behalf of the republican party during local and state campaigns, attracting the favorable attention of the political leaders. He was admitted to the bar in 1891 and a brilliant career was before him. He associated in practice with Richard Powell and James Smiley, this partnership continuing until he was elected to the probate bench. In 1894 he was appointed prosecuting attorney of the police court and discharged his duties to the entire satisfaction of the court and the people. Upon retiring from this position he was tendered by President McKinley upon recommendation of United States Senator Foraker the appointment of United States consul to Stettin, Germany, but as he had decided to devote his attention to the practice of his profession he felt that he could not accept this honor. In 1899 he was elected to the state senate and at Columbus made many friends by his geniality and the interest which he always CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 211 evinced in the welfare of others. In 1901, having become well known throughout the state, he received the nomination of lieutenant governor upon the same ticket with Governor Nash, being accorded the unanimous vote of the state convention. As presiding officer of the senate he proved one of the most competent men that have occupied that responsible position. For several years he had cherished an ambition to become probate judge of Hamilton county and while serving as lieutenant governor an opportunity was presented for the realization of this ambition. Probate Judge Howard Ferris was elected to the bench of the superior court and Governor Nash appointed Mr. Nippert in May, 1902, to the desired office. At the regular. election in 1903 he was selected by the voters of Hamilton county for a full term of three years. He gave an impartial hearing to all cases brought before him and was especially assiduous in looking after the interests of widows and orphans, sparing no time nor pains in seeing that their rights were safeguarded. He proved one of the most faithful and efficient officers that Hamilton county has known. He was a companionable man, a toyer of a joke, his sense of humor being very keen. On one occasion, while Mr. Nippert was acting as principal in the public schools of this city, a number of boys were sent to him by their teachers for punishment. After the rattan had been applied to the closely drawn trousers of the delinquents they filed sorrowfully from the office—all but one. This one had backed up in a corner and was sulking. "Well, haven't you got enough ?" inquired the principal. "Yes," the boy replied as tears trickled down his face, "but I ain't one of the school boys. I just came in to collect a bill for the Robert Clarke Company." When Mr. Nippert went to the company's office to apologize a member of the firm said : "No wonder that boy quit. It was his first trip out and he said he didn't want to do any more collecting." On the 25th of July, 1889, Judge Nippert was united in marriage to Miss Katie Brill, a daughter of Jacob and Catherine Brill, of Cincinnati. She was born in Europe and came to this city with her parents when she was six months old. Her father engaged in pork packing and became a leader in that line of business in Cincinnati. Judge Nippert died from heart disease September 5, 19o4., in the fifty-second year of his age. Evidences of physical weakness appeared many months before the last fatal illness and in company with his faithful wife he made two trips to Europe in a vain effort to secure relief at the celebrated watering places of Germany. He was a man of powerful physique but in the discharge of his duties as a public Officer overtaxed his strength and the best physicians of this country and Europe failed in their efforts to restore his health. Fraternally he was prominent in the Masonic order, having taken the degrees of the blue lodge, chapter, commandery and shrine. He was also a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. Generous, frank and noble spirited in a remarkable degree, he was thoroughly competent and entirely trustworthy as a lawyer and judge and represented the best type of active and progressive American citizenship. Coming to America a stranger, he won recognition through a striking individuality and an energy that yielded to no obstacles, attaining a position as one of the most prominent German Americans in Ohio. He made a lasting impression for good upon the community where he spent the best years of his. life and the memory of his many helpful acts will long be cherished by those who were so fortunate as to be numbered among his Vol. III-10 212 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY friends. Mrs. Nippert still makes her home in the family residence at 3340 Whitfield avenue. In commemoration of her husband she has provided three rooms at the Union Bethel for the care of children of poor mothers who are obliged to go out to work during the day. The rooms are in charge of a competent nurse, who looks after the welfare of the little ones while their mothers are necessarily engaged in providing for the support of the family. Mrs. Nippert, as is indicated by this kindly act, possesses many attractive traits of character and can claim a host of friends in Cincinnati. JAMES ARATA. If heroism is meeting with unfaltering determination difficult situations and making the best of them, then there is much of the heroic in the life history of James Arata. Patiently persevering, he has worked his way steadily upward step by step from a most humble position, meeting at times difficulties and obstacles that would utterly have discouraged and disheartened many a person of less resolute spirit. While lie today conducts a profitable business and certainly justly merits the success that has come to him, his life has never been self centered. Remembering his own struggles, he has ever been ready to hold out a helping hand to a fellow traveler on life's journey, to speak a word of encouragement, or lend timely assistance. He was born in Orero, near Genoa, Italy, March 19, 1844, and is a son of Nicholas and Annie Arata. The mother came to America in 1882 and spent her last days in California, where her death occurred in February, 1893. In the family were six sons, three of whom are living : Louis, a resident of California ; J. B. Arata, also living in that state; and James of this review. The last named pursued his education in his native country and was twenty-two years of age when, in 1866, he came to America, landing at New York, where he was variously employed during the nine months of his residence there, In April, 1867, he arrived in Cincinnati and for one year was employed by the firm of J. B. Cavagna & Sons. For three years he conducted a peanut stand at the northeast corner, of Fifth and Vine streets, and carefully saving his earnings, was at length able to enter into partnership with John Leverone in the fruit business, in which they have since continued. They began on a small scale but gradually their trade increased until they have one of the finest establishments among the fruit houses of all the middle west. In 1889 they removed to their present commodious quarters, at the northeast corner of Front and Walnut streets. As a reward for their close application to business, economy, prompt. ness and fair dealing, they have won the confidence of their patrons, some of whom have given them continuous support since their initial movement in business. The territory over Which they now operate extends not only throughout the length and breadth of the United States but also to many European countries, from which they directly import nuts, figs, lemons, macaroni, olive oil and other European products which they furnish to the American trade. His name is indeed a prominent one in the business and financial circles of Cincinnati today, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 213 and on the 16th of September, 1907, he was honored by election to the presidency of the Pearl Street Market Bank, with which he has since been thus identified. In August, 1866, Mr. Arata was married to Miss Rosa Nassena, a daughter of Anthony Nassena, of Orero, near Genoa, Italy. She died on the 6th of January, 1887, leaving three sons and three daughters : Louis and Joe, who are now associated with the firm of John Leverone & Company ; Anna, the wife of John Murphy, of Cincinnati ; Kate, the wife of C. C. Kuhfers, of this city ; Charles, who is engaged in the real-estate business in California ; and Lillie, at home. The family adhere to the Catholic faith and in his political views Mr. Arata is a democrat. He has been particularly active in connection with Italian affairs and since 1888 has served as treasurer of the Italian Sacred Heart church. He has also been treasurer of the Italian Benevolent Brotherhood Society for twenty-nine years and for an extended period has been a prominent member of the Congress Club. No man's word is more unassailable and in his business dealings he has the full confidence of his fellow merchants. His manner is quiet, simple and unostentatious ; he is approachable by the humblest ; and many a poor man or woman in distress has gone to him with his or her tale of woe and received advice and material aid. He is exceedingly generous to his church. With a kind, gentle, sympathetic nature, responsive to every appeal, his life is full of good deeds. ALBERT F. SOMMER. The life insurance business offers alluring inducements to young men of energy and pleasing address who have ambition to advance in the world and the grit which yields not to discouragement. Albert F. Sommer, who is now very acceptably filling the position of superintendent of the Cincinnati office of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company of New York, belongs to the alert, courageous and wide-awake class indicated above and, therefore, has made a success of his business. He is a native of Wisconsin and was born at Mosel, Sheboygan county, December 31, 1871, a son of Gotthold and Friedericka (Keppler) Sommer, the former of whom was born in Saxony, Germany, in 1848, and the latter in 1849. The father was brought to America by his parents in 1848, the family locating in Sheboygan county, Wisconsin. He and his wife are now living at the old home in Wisconsin and were the parents of twelve children, ten of whom survive. After receiving his preliminary education in the common schools Albert F. Sommer took several courses in the Sheboygan Business College and was graduated in 1889. He engaged in farming until 1894 and then became agent at Sheboygan, Wisconsin, for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, with which he has ever since been continuously identified. In 1895 he accepted the position of assistant superintendent with the company at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and three years later was appointed traveling inspector and auditor, a position which he held for nine years, during which time he visited all the principal cities in the United States and Canada from the Atlantic to the Pacific. In July, 214 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY 1907, he was appointed superintendent for the company at Cincinnati. Through natural and acquired qualifications he is preeminently adapted for the position and under his watchful care and unremitting labor the business of the company in Cincinnati has grown and prospered as never before. On the 12th of January, 1910, at Manor, Pennsylvania, Mr. Sommer was united in marriage to Miss Maude J. S. Lauffer, a daughter of Henry A. and Josephine (Beamer) Lauffer, the father being a general merchant of Manor. Mrs. Sommer is a lady of rare personal and intellectual attractiveness. In her early life she possessed unusual advantages of education and was graduated from the Woman's College at Frederick, Maryland. She taught for eight years in the public schools of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and took post-graduate work at the University of Pittsburg and the University of Vienna, Austria. She comes of early colonial ancestry and is a valued member of the American Daughters of the Revolution. Mr. Sommer has been too busy in building up a lucrative clientage in his chosen vocation to pay much attention to politics but he keeps well informed concerning the character and standing of candidates for office and votes independently. He belongs to the growing number of citizens who believe that municipal affairs should be taken out of politics and conducte according to modern business methods. He is a member of the Business Men's Club and the Cincinnati Life Underwriters' Association and his religious belief is indicated by membership in the Avondale Presbyterian church. He has been connected with the insurance business for seventeen years and has won his present responsible position through merit and not through favor. Having climbed from the bottom of the.ladder, he appreciates the difficulties which young men in their efforts to advance are obliged to meet and no one is more ready to extend an encouraging hand to a worthy fellow being than the gentleman whose name introduces this sketch. E. COURTLANDT WILLIAMS. Among those men whose records have graced the history of the bar of Cincinnati was E. Courtlandt Williams; whose wise use of the intellectual talent with which nature endowed him brought him to a prominent position among the practitioners in the local, state and federal courts. He was born May 10, 1843, a son of George Williams, who for a long period was engaged in the insurance business here. He married a Miss Clement, and in this city they reared their family, E. Courtlandt Williams supplementing his early educational privileges afforded by the common schools, by study in the Woodward high school, from which he was graduated with honors. When the Civil war broke out he enlisted for service in the navy, although but eighteen years of age, and during the period of his entire connection with the navy he was a member of the Mississippi Squadron. He retired at the close of the war with the rank of ensign, being with Admiral Porter on his flagship. He participated in the battle of Shiloh, the capture of Fort Pillow, the siege of Vicksburg, the battle of Port Hudson and also went through the Red river campaign. Returning home, he determined to study law and with this end in view entered Harvard College, where he com- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 217 pleted a course in the law department. Following graduation he returned to Cincinnati and formed a partnership under the firm style of Scarborough & Williams, beginning in 1868. In 1876 he became a partner of A. B. Champion, this constituting one of the strong legal combinations of the city. To them was accorded a large and distinctively representative clientage and the devotion of Mr. Williams thereto was proverbial. He never failed to clearly present both the law and the facts of the case and in his application of legal principles was seldom if ever at fault. He seemed to analyze a cause with the same precision that a skilled physician displays in diagnosis, and few have adhered so closely to the ethical ideals of the profession. In 1872 Mr. Williams was united in marriage to Miss Matilda G. Cohoon, a daughter of Robert Cohoon, who in early manhood came to Cincinnati and was engaged in the commission business at a day when all produce was shipped by boat. He made many trips to New Orleans and owing to the substantial growth of his business became comfortably wealthy for those days. His home occupied the site upon which the Hebrew College on West Sixth street now stands. He became not only an active but also a prominent man in business circles and in all the varied relation's of life won a most creditable reputation. While Mr. Williams was a successful lawyer he was more. In matters of citizenship he held to a course which won him high respect and admiration: The cause of public education found in him a stalwart champion. He served as a member of the school board for several years, was also a trustee of the Woodward high school and a member and president of the union board of high schools. He was also a trustee for life of the Woodward estate. Fraternally he was connected with the Masons and the Odd Fellows, and maintained cordial relations .with his comrades of the war through his membership in the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion. He also served on the armory commission, being appointed by Governor Foraker as commissioner to superintend the building of the armory. In this connection he volunteered to act as secretary and clerk and devoted the salary he received for his services to the purchase of pressed brick to beautify the front of the structure. He was very active in the work of the Loyal Legion and deeply interested in the welfare of those whose valor had been tested in the nation's hour of peril. He also did considerable literary work writing many articles for publication, and his life was indeed an active and useful one. He died August 3, 1890, when yet in the prime Of life, for he had just passed the forty-seventh milestone. 'The wise use to which he put his talents and the unselfish manner in which he labored for interests relating to the public good earned for him the plaudit "Well done, thou good and faithful servant." HON. GEORGE P. TORRENCE.  Hon. George P. Torrence, formerly judge of the ninth judicial circuit of Ohio, was born of Scotch-Irish parentage in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, February 16, 1782, and was there educated for the bar. He emigrated to Ohio, in 1806 and was admitted to the Hamilton county bar the same year. He was captain of a military company in 1812 and was elected a member of the Ohio 218 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY senate in 1817. In 1819 he was chosen judge of the court of common pleas was reelected in 1826 and served until 1833. In 1834 he was elected treasurer of Hamilton county and retained in the office by reelection until 1840. His demise occurred on the 27th of August, 1855. In the acquirement of an education George Paull Torrence attended successively the common schools, an academy and the Canonsburg College. Following his graduation he turned his attention to the study of law in the office and under the direction of Judge Keneday, of Pittsburg, and in May, 1806, was admitted to the bar. Many young men of that day were making their way to Symmes' Purchase in the Miami valleys to join other emigrants, chiefly from New Jersey and his own vicinity in western Pennsylvania, then rapidly filling up the settlement founded by Judge Symmes with energetic and enterprising settlers who speedily transformed that western wilderness into fruitful farms, which ultimately became the garden spot of the west and the homes of a large and enlightened population, unsurpassed by any other in the Union. Leaving his immediate family and friends in Fayette county, he found his home in Cincinnati, then an inconsiderable village of fifteen hundred people, and thenceforth it became his lifelong home. Here Judge Torrence found friends of great self-reliance and determination to build up and sustain the new settlement of what was then the western frontier of the new region. There had preceded him many large families: the Symmes, St. Clairs, Ganos, Burnets, Findlays, Hunts, Goforths and Spencers. In addition to those names were many young men who were to make their mark by their own talents and energy, among whom were John McLean, Ethan A. Brown, Joseph G. Totten, Joseph H. Crane, Nicholas Longworth, David E. Wade, Joseph Prince, Samuel and Joshua H. Perry, Rev. Joshua L. Wilson, Samuel W. Davies, Martin Baum, William Lytle, Jacob and Stephen Wheeler, Jacob Baymiller, Richard and 'Samuel Fosdick, Davis and Jessee Embree, David Kilgore, Francis Carr, Griffin Yeatman, William Barr, Dr. Craumer, William and Levi Woodward, Ethan Stone, Hugh and James Glenn, John S. Wallace, George and Thomas Graham, the Piatts, Averys, Ruffners, Disneys, Samuel C. Vance, Lewis and Stephen Howell, Ephraim Morgan, Joseph Gest, Lot Pugh, David Kautz and Seth Cutter. The judges of the supreme court were Calvin Pease, John McClean, Joseph N. Couch and Peter Hitchcock, men eminent in the law and an honor to the new state. The presiding judge of the court of common pleas of Hamilton county for the term preceding the time of Mr. Torrence's arrival, was Francis Dunlevy, of Warren county, who had been a statesman before he was a judge and a lawyer of great ability, and also served his country in the tented field, both during the revolutionary period and subsequently against the hostile savages, and won for himself a character for bravery in every position in which he served. He was the first presiding judge of the common pleas who served on the circuit after the adoption of the constitution, which succeeded the territorial government, and was therefore regarded as the pioneer judge of the state and was a favorite with the old settlers and the citizens generally. The learned and accomplished Joseph H. Crane, of Montgomery county, was his successor. He was an ornament to this bar and with great satisfaction served on the bench of the circuit for the long term of fourteen years. He CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 219 drew the practice act, as it was called, modeled after the practice of the court of common pleas at Westminster Hall, which was enacted and reenacted repeatedly until it was superceded by the present code. This law regulating the practice of our courts of record was a great benefaction to the bar, as it rescued the practice from the chaos which prevailed before its adoption. The bar of this day scarcely appreciate the benefit derived from the labors of the profound judge who penned the statue which gave uniformity to the practice of our courts during the first half century of our judicial history. To the seat of these able and popular judges the young attorney from Fayette county was ultimately to succeed, but not until after thirteen long years of practice, in which he proved himself worthy of the position. He commenced his career at the bar by assiduously devoting his energy and talents to such business as his friends intrusted to him. His industrious habits and devotion to his profession were ,patent letters of introduction to all observant citizens who needed to employ a reliable and competent lawyer. His relative, General Findlay, one of the most popular and solid men of the county, and who, from his business associations could influence and increase the clientage of his young friend, most cheerfully lent his aid for that purpose. The General was one of the proprietors of the Liberty Hall and Cincinnati Gazette, which gave its aid and influence to promote the business interests of Mr. Torrence, who soon numbered among his clients such solid men as Judge Symmes, Judge Short and General Harrison. After a few years of very successful law practice, during which the popularity of the young attorney continued to increase, the lowering cloud of war overshadowed the west and called for patriotic sacrifices to meet the foe. The popularity of Mr. Torrence was such that he readily recruited a company, was with great unanimity elected, captain, and served in that capacity until honorably discharged, thus showing a willingness to serve his fellow citizens in any position wherein he might promote the common welfare. After the war he resumed the practice of his profession with his wonted success for two or three years, when his friends nominated him for the state senate, to which he was elected by a handsome majority. After serving as a legislator for two years he again resumed his law practice, but soon afterward was put in nomination before the legislature for presiding judge of the ninth judicial district. He was duly elected and at once entered on his judicial career, which in the end proved a long one, being two terms of fourteen years. This opened to him a field of much wider usefulness than any he had hitherto occupied, but brought with it much labor and great responsibility. The jurisdiction of that court was immense, embracing civil and criminal cases : the civil cases, both in law and equity ; and as though that was not a sufficient burden, the court had jurisdiction in all matters of probate and all appellations for ferries and taverns and granting naturalization. At the time Judge Torrence was elected presiding judge of the ninth district the bar numbered twenty-five members, which were more numerous than that of any other county in the state. They were : William Corry, Nicholas Longworth, James W. Gazlay, Benjamin M. Piatt, David K. Este, David Wade, Stephen Sedgwick, Daniel Roe, William M. Worthington, David Shepherd, Nathaniel Wright, Samuel O. Richardson, Nathaniel G. Pendleton, Richard S. 220 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Whateley, Joseph S. Benham, John L. Williams, Nathan Guilford, Bellamy Storer, Thomas Clark, Francis E. Blake, Elisha Hotchkiss, Samuel Tod, Chauncey Whittlesey, Thomas P. Eskridge and Hugh McDougal. Most of these men were eminent for their ability and learning but are now all deceased, Judge Este, the last survivor of them, having departed this life April 1, 1876, at the patriarchal age of ninety-two years. William Corry was long a member of the bar, prominent and popular, and was the first mayor of the city after its incorporation, a good lawyer and worthy citizen who died at an advanced age. His son was William M. Corry, a lawyer and orator of commanding eloquence. This was the bar over which Judge Torrence presided for the extended term of fourteen years, and he presided to the satisfaction of the public and bar. Certain persons decry the abilities of the Judge and question the extent of his law learning, but Judge Storer, who had constantly practiced fourteen long years in that court, considered Judge Torrence one of the most competent and safe judges in the state, fewer of his decisions having been reversed than of any other judicial tribunal in the state. From a reliable source comes the information that all Judge Torrence's decisions were sustained by the supreme court. It is doubtful if the same could be Said of any other judge in the state. Although the Judge may not have been the ablest lawyer in the state, he was one of the ablest and most reliable judges. His kindness and affability were proverbial. This was apparent to those who were at all acquainted with him or had official intercourse with him. Mr. Mansfield ; in his "Personal Memoirs," speaks of him as a man of good principles and says: "He was very kind to me, and I have remembered him with gratitude. It was under him that I came to the bar—for a very brief time. The only case I really tried was that of a man who, standing on the shore near Mill street, had shot somebody on a boat upon the river. The facts were plain ; but I hit upon what I thought a happy expedient to clear him. The state of Virginia, in ceding to the United States the Northwestern Territory, had ceded it only from low water mark on this shore ; so that, in fact, Virginia and Kentucky held jurisdiction over the main channel of the Ohio. The man was shot in a boat upon the Ohio. Then I rose, made to the court what I flattered myself was an invincible constitutional argument—that the crime committed upon the river was out of the jurisdiction of Ohio. Then I was met by one of those rebuffs which young lawyers are apt to meet with. The common sense of Judge Torrence overcame the theory of law. Judge Torrence said that although the crime might have been out of the jurisdiction of Ohio, yet it had been the uniform custom of Kentucky and Ohio to exercise concurrent jurisdiction over the river. And thus my constitutional castle in the air tumbled to the ground." The Judge discriminated with much judgment in a celebrated criminal case in his own county and saved several prisoners, charged with mayhem, from mob violence, and for which, from the angry and excited feeling of the public, they would inevitably but most unjustly have been lynched. The prisoners had been committed by a justice Of the peace, on an application to the judges to hold an examining court in their case. The prisoners were harmless, non-resisting Shakers of blameless lives. After the witnesses, two boys, had testified to the atrocious offense charged in so clear and positive a manner as to leave scarcely a doubt upon the minds of the excited audience of the guilt of the accused, the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 221 wisdom and prudence of Judge Torrence suggested a test of the truth of the charge, which resulted in a decision which was just beyond a doubt and not dreamed of by anyone before the good judge suggested it. He inquired of the prosecuting attorney if he had subpoenaed any skilful physicians in the case. He replied, "No, may it please the court, I did not deem it necessary." The Judge then inquired for skilful surgeons, and upon examination Drs. Moorhead, Drake and others testified that there had been "no mayhem, no crime committed by these innocent prisoners." "It is as the court thought from the beginning," said Judge Torrence, "these innocent persons are the victims of hate and bigotry. They are now honorably discharged." Thus ended one of the most atrocious and shameless criminal charges ever made in the country, chiefly owing to the sound judicial experience and judgment of the presiding judge. An anecdote was related by a member of the senate at the time of Judge Torrence's reelection to the judgship in 1826. Owing to party politics, the contest for the office was an exciting one, and the friends of the Judge had reason to fear his defeat. The senator had much confidence in the ability of the Judge by his fine presence and conciliatory and popular manners to counteract the false representations of his opponents, and sent for the Judge to come to Columbus as speedily as possible. He did so and in a few days he was reelected by a most satisfactory majority. The fact was that the honesty and sincerity of the Judge were so patent that all who were in his society for even a brief period could not mistake his character. Clermont county was long included within the ninth judicial circuit and many anecdotes are current there showing his popularity there to be as great as in his own county. The associate judges were generally well meaning and respectable citizens, but certainly not "learned in the law," and made themselves the subject of many jests for filling offices for which they were not qualified. At a convivial bar meeting in Batavia, when the barristers had imbibed much wisdom and wit with their wine, Mr. Johnston gave as a concluding toast, "The thousand judges of Clermont county." "Explain, Mr. Johnston," was the demand of the meeting. His explanation was : "There is Judge Torrence, he is one; there are the three associate judges ; they are three ciphers. 1 and 000 make the 1000." Full of reminiscences of the times of the early settlement of the Miami country, he made the recital of them of more than ordinary interest to his audience, much in the same manner that Mr. Lincoln related similar incidents in the west, much to the entertainment of his hearers. Many an evening was whiled away after court hours by the good Judge, much to the gratification and entertainment of his hearers. He was long an active and useful citizen, taking his full share in all the duties pertaining to a good and useful member of society. During the entire time of his residence here he was a most efficient fireman and was ever Popular with the members of that organization. He was largely instrumental in procuring the right of way for the Little Miami Railroad. Associated with Judge Storer and others, he organized the "protection party" to guard property at fires, and became its president. For a number of years he was treasurer of the 'medical college here and labored earnestly and effectively in its behalf. The cause of education found in him a stalwart champion, for he believed that the intelligence of a nation is the safeguard of the country. Attractive social qualities won him many 222 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY friends and at all times he held friendship inviolable. It was his custom to nickname those with whom he was intimately associated—choosing a name that had special significance in relation to the tie between himself and his friend. Except in the crowded thoroughfares of business it was his custom to speak to everybody in passing and all were glad to be recognized by him, for he was widely known as a man of integrity and honor, of cordiality and genuine interest in his fellowmen. The many sterling traits of his character caused him to be held in high regard by all who knew him. The following tribute to Judge Torrence appears in judge Carter's "Reminiscences :" "Of all the judges of former days perhaps there was no one so much liked and loved for his genial, generous, whole-souled qualities and characteristics as Judge Torrence. He was the presiding judge of the court of common pleas from 1819 until 1833, and although not so much of .a lawyer, he made a good judge and administered justice somewhat like a Solomon or Daniel. Boy as I was, I remember seeing him presiding on the bench and towering above his associates, for he was the tallest judge and large and portly in figure and stature, and he looked upon the bench every inch a judge. He came to this city at a very early day and soon was a very popular citizen, for he was fellow citizen with everybody—men, women, children and all. They liked and loved him and he always had a good word to say for them, as they had a good word to say for him. It has not been many years since the decease of Judge Torrence, at a very advanced age, and the citizens remember him as one of the cleverest of men. While on the bench he never was known to say an unkind or rough word to any lawyer or officer of the court or to anyone else. He invariably preserved his good humor and his good sense, too." On the 12th of February, 1811, Judge Torrence was united in marriage to Miss Mary Brownson Findlay, a daughter of Colonel John Findlay. Unto them were born thirteen children, of whom two died in infancy. At one time Judge Torrence owned the land from Henry Hooper's gate clear through to the place now owned by Mr. Ingalls. Torrence Road was cut through it to enable the judge to get to Fulton quickly. The present Groesbeck site was his maple sugar camp. Judge Torrence was a devoted and consistent member of the Presbyterian church and gave the Rev. Dr. Wilson, the lifelong pastor of the First church, his aid and support, and also to the many benevolent and beneficial societies connected therewith. By his numerous good deeds and his consistent walk in life, he was justly entitled to the highest and noblest title merited by man, that of a "Christian gentleman." By his brethren of the bar he was justly esteemed and appreciated. At a bar meeting held August 29, 1855, it was "Resolved, That the members of the Cincinnati bar have learned with deep and unfeigned emotion that the Hon. George P. Torrence, a prominent citizen and lawyer, is no more among mortals. The deceased had lived beyond the ordinary time allotted to man, a rare example of honesty, probity, kindness, humanity and every other virtue that adorns humankind. In all the public relations he was called to fill he discharged his duty with ability and integrity; and in the reputation he leaves behind him has bequeathed much for the moral improvement of the rising generation." CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 223 Eloquent eulogies were pronounced by Messrs. Storer, Johnston, Anderson, Woodruff and Gwynne. Following are the resolutions passed by the city council of Cincinnati on the 29th of August, 1855. "Whereas, This body has been convened this p. m. to pay the last tribute of respect to George P. Torrence, deceased, who was an early member of this body at an early day ; "Resolved, That to George P. Torrence the city of Cincinnati is greatly indebted for the sagacity and wisdom displayed in his acts as a public officer. He was a strong advocate of public improvement in the city and exhibited liberal sentiments in his private enterprises. He was really a city father. "Resolved, That we, the members of the ciGrantncil, while we would willingly submit to the will of a kind Providence, yet we deeply deplore the loss of our brother, and we tender our sympathies to the bereaved wife and family of the departed in this their hour of trial, and that we will attend the funeral in a body. "THOMAS O. EDWARDS, president." Few persons in our county were ever more deservedly popular than the good Judge. The secret of this was apparent to all. All loved him because he loved all. He was the friend of the lowliest as well as the most exalted; and when he passed away from all sublunary scenes it cast a gloom upon all classes of society. All felt their irreparable loss and nearly every one could speak of his personal knowledge in his praise. From early manhood to old age he had filled positions of trust and honor, and no man could charge him with unfaithfulness in the discharge of his duties. His social life was without a blemish. Many will remember the paternal solicitude with which he encouraged them to pursue the path of duty and to cultivate those lofty aspirations that bring peace in after life to the soul and redound to the credit of our common country. EDWARD SCHWARZ GRANT. Edward Schwarz Grant, who from the outset of his business career has been an exporter and shipper of pork products at Cincinnati, was born in Baltimore, Maryland, March 4, 1857, and comes of an ancestry honorable and distinguished. The first members of the Grant family in America came from Scotland in 1652. They were supporters of the house of Stuart during the Cromwellian wars and were with the defeated army of King James at the battle of Worcester. They settled in Boston and resided there continuously until early in the nineteenth century, when Joseph P. Grant removed to Baltimore. The family has always been intensely American in spirit and interest and for the past two hundred and fifty years has been connected with all of the important events which have left their impress upon the history of the nation. In colonial days one of the great-grandfathers of Edward S. Grant assisted in caring for the Scottish clan Grant sent to the new world to aid in the wars against King Philip, the Indian chief. Every member of this regiment of five hundred men belonged to the Grant family, as the old Scottish clans formed in families. Four brothers of the name came 224 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY from Scotland together in 1652, when the family was permanently planted on American soil, and from one of these brothers the family of President Grant descended and from another came the branch to which the Cincinnati Grants belong. The coat of arms of the family is an emblazoned shield with three burning bushes or torches above and the words "Stand fast" below. The burning bushes represent the mountain signals in Scotland during times of war. Moses Grant, the great-grandfather of Edward S. Grant, was one of the party who threw the tea overboard in Boston harbor prior to the Revolution. It was his son Joseph P. Grant who was the first of the name to leave Boston and, removing to Baltimore, Maryland, was there married to Miss Maria Broom, a daughter of Jacob Broom, who was a signer of the constitution of the United States and a member of the first three national congresses. Their son James B. Grant, father of E. S. Grant, was born in Baltimore and, having arrived at years of maturity married Amelia Schwarz, daughter of Dr. Gustave Schwarz, who was born in Saxony and was a surgeon in the Prussian division of Wellington's army at the battle of Waterloo. Her grandfather on her mother's side was in the Pennsylvania Flying Camp during the. revolution and was wounded in the battle of Long Island. Born in Baltimore, Edward S. Grant was brought by his parents to Cincinnati in his childhood days and supplemented his early education by study in St. Xavier College of this city, but entered business circles before his graduation. His commercial record is well known to his fellow townsmen. He has by close',. application, persistent energy and watchfulness over the trade built up an extensive business as an exporter and shipper of pork products. On the 16th of October, 1878, at Covington, Kentucky, Mr. Grant was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth L. Greer, a daughter of James A. Greer, of that city. She is a representative of an old Maryland family on her mother's side and her paternal grandfather was born in northern Ireland early in the last century and settled in Kentucky, where he became prominent in business circles. Mr. and Mrs. Grant have become parents of four sons and a daughter. Harry L. Grant, residing in Chicago, was married June 3, 1911, to Miss Margaret Scribner, of New York. James Pierce Grant, residing in Montclair, New Jersey, married Miss Drue Underwood, of Covington, Kentucky, and they have two lovely little daughters. Edward Chester Grant is engaged in apple culture at Kennewick in the state of Washington. Jules S. Grant was married in November, 191o, to Miss Bess Caswell, of Chicago, and they reside in Cleveland. The only daughter, Eleanor, is with her parents. MARION L. AMICK, M. D. Dr. Marion L. Amick was numbered among Cincinnati's distinguished members of the medical fraternity, who long occupied an advanced position that bespoke wide research, thorough investigation and progress. He was born in Jennings county, Indiana, September 13, 1843, a son of Obed and Mary Amick, the former a native of North Carolina. In his native state Dr. Amick pursued his education in his youthful days, supplementing his preliminary course by study CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 227 in Hanover College, from which he was graduated in 1867. Having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he entered the Cincinnati Medical College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1869. Such was the ability he displayed during his student period that on his graduation he was appointed demonstrator of anatomy and filled the position for two years, after which he was appointed professor of anatomy, occupying that chair until 1892, when he resigned to concentrate his attention upon his fast growing private practice. He devoted some of the best years of his life to the upbuilding of the college, the upholding of the standard which has made it one of the great institutions of medical learning in the country. Personal qualities as well as ability as an 'educator made him popular with both the faculty and students. He possessed most comprehensive and expert knowledge of anatomy, so that his instruction was of the greatest possible value to the members of his classes. He personally prepared the charts which he used. After withdrawing altogether from the profession he concentrated his energies entirely upon his private practice, which was extensive and of an important character. To this work he devoted his energies until his death, which occurred November 15, 1904, his remains being interred in Spring Grove cemetery. On the 22d of July, 1879, Dr. Amick was united in marriage to Miss Maggie Taylor, the wedding being celebrated in Kansas, where the lady was then visiting. She was a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Timberman) Taylor, who were pioneer residents of this city. Her father was born in Lincolnshire, England, April 15, 1825, and died in Kansas, February 16, 1900. He had become a resident of Cincinnati in 1838; locating at Brighton.. His elder brother, Thomas had formerly resided here and had returned to England and John Taylor accompanied him when he again crossed the Atlantic. There was a family of ten children, all of whom came to Cincinnati with the exception of one. John Taylor attended school in his native country and was also for a time a student in a log schoolhouse in Cincinnati. His first business position was that of clerk in a wholesale grocery house which his brother Thomas conducted. Later he embarked in the retail grocery business on his own. account on Central avenue and the enterprise which he established is still being carried on as a wholesale grocery under the name of Joseph Taylor & Company, the present owners being his nephews. As his trade increased he finally converted his store into a wholesale house, of which he remained a successful proprietor until 1876, when he retired from active business. He had purchased about eight thousand acres of land in Kansas in 1871, and in 1885 removed to that state, where he resided until 1900, when his death occurred. His remains were brought back to Cincinnati for interment. The land of which he had become owner in Kansas is still in possession of members of the family. Mr. Taylor is well remembered by all the older residents of Cincinnati and especially of Brighton. He was a wideawake, enterprising business man, accomplishing what he undertook, and his labors were a stimulus to commercial activity in Cincinnati. In 1859 he built a fine home on Dayton street, of which he took possession on Christmas day. Mrs. Amick still occupies this old homestead, having lived there for over a half century. Mr. Taylor was a charter member of the old Mohawk Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and took an active part in its meetings and its work. He was married twice, his 228 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY first union being with Elizabeth Timberman, who died when Mrs. Amick was very young and lies buried at Hamilton, Ohio. There were two children of that marriage but one died in infancy. About 1854 Mr. Taylor married again, his second union being with Margaret Ann Hart, and unto them were born nine children. Those still living are John H., Mrs. Jeanette Kruse, Clarence, Mrs. Florence White and Charles W. Mrs. Amick is most widely known in Cincinnati and is a representative of one of the oldest and most prominent pioneer families. Dr. Amick was a member of the McMillan Lodge of the Masonic .fraternity and also of the Presbyterian church, associations which indicated ,the nature of his interests and the principles which governed his conduct. He held to high. ideals in manhood and citizenship and in every relation of life was true to the principles which he believed to be right in man's relations with his fellowmen. Broad minded and generous in thought and purpose, he enjoyed in the fullest degree the confidence and good will of those with whom he was associated. WILLIAM MASTIN TUGMAN. A well known member of the Cincinnati bar, the consensus of public opinion and of his fellow practitioners in the legal profession accord William Mastin Tugman prominence in the law. It is a recognized fact that he has never sought to figure in other than his true light, but there is in him a strength of character that has at all times commanded respect and has constituted the source of his progress since the conditions of poverty and the death of his mother thrust him out on the world to fight life's battles. A native of the mountainous region of North Carolina, he was born in Wilkes county, October 21, 185o, his parents being James L. and Susana (MacGrady) Tugman. There were no common schools worthy of the name in his native county, and practically the only instruction he received in his youth came to him from a Baptist minister living in the neighborhood. However he read and pondered over Weems' "Life of Washington," "Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography," Baxter's "Saint's Rest," "Pilgrim's Progress," and the Bible. The last named has been the source of literary style as well as of moral progress for many a youth, and so it was with Mr. Tugman. The other volumes, too, were a stimulus toward the attainment of better conditions than those which surrounded him. His father suffered financial reverses during the war, compelling him to sell his farm and remove from county to county in search of a source of livelihood for his family. Then the father's aid was withdrawn in 1864, when he was called out with the senior reserves to aid the Confederacy. He managed to obtain his discharge on the 1st of January, 1865, but in the meantime the mother had died and the children were left in extreme want. The five children, of whom Mr. Tugman was the eldest, were sent to live with relatives and the father sought employment sixty miles away. William Tugman did not like the uncle with whom he was living, and after three months ran away and joined his father, with whom he worked in the lumber camps until the fall of 1866. In the following winter he attended school. Throughout his entire life he has eagerly availed himself of every opportunity CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 229 to quench his thirst for knowledge. He read with avidity every volume on which he could lay his hands in his youth, and in his later years his reading has covered a wide range, making him familiar with the working of master minds of all ages. In the spring of 1867 Mr. Tugman entered the employ of a farmer who was planning to remove to Missouri and promised to take the boy with him, for already he had come to the conclusion that he might have better opportunities beyond the borders of his native state. The utmost self-sacrifice !enabled him to save the sum of twenty-five dollars and when the farmer decided not to remove westward Mr. Tugman concluded to start on his own account, and with a young friend traveled as far as Marion, Virginia. He was there offered employment at the blacksmith trade, but was not turned aside from his original intention. In attempting to cross the Clinch mountains he became lost and at length found a habitation which was occupied by an old man of the republican faith, more noted for his expletives and oaths than anything else. He told the lad that the republicans would surely kill him if he went north. For three weeks he worked on the courthouse, then being erected in Bath county, Kentucky, after which he walked to Maysville, Kentucky, where he saw for the first time street lamps and paved streets. In fact it was his first introduction to American civilization. Soon afterward, with twenty-five cents in his pocket, he crossed the river and passed from Brown into Adams county, Ohio, where, on the 1st of September, 1867, he obtained his first employment in this state. Two months' wages gave him money enough to purchase books and clothing, and chore work evenings and mornings and on Saturdays secured him board with a well-to-do family. For four months he was happy in attending school. The following summer he worked out, and the next winter again attended school and made such progress in his studies that he was then able to secure a teacher's certificate and was employed to teach near North Liberty, in Adams county. In that way he earned the money that enabled him to pursue a two years' course in the Ohio University at Athens, but an exhausted exchequer in 1874 obliged him to resume teaching. Later, however, he reentered school and was graduated in 1877, acting also as teacher in the preparatory department during his senior year. Immediately afterward he accepted the position of superintendent of the schools of Aberdeen, Ohio, where he remained until June, 1879, but in the meantime took up the study of law, reciting to Hon. A. M. J. Cochran, a graduate of Harvard Law School, who is now United States district judge of the northern district of Kentucky. In September, 1879, he went to Georgetown, Ohio, where he took his examination and was admitted to the bar. Locating in Cincinnati he taught night school for two years, attended law school at the same time, and was also an assistant in the office of the Hon. John W. Herron. In the spring of 1881 he opened an office with Charles Bird and has since been engaged in active practice, although for some time associated with Edward H. Baker, a college classmate. In February, 1907, he organized the Liberty Bank, for which he is attorney. His attention, however, is chiefly concentrated upon his professional duties and he has always been careful to conform his practice to a high standard of professional ethics. He gives to his clients the service of talent, unwearied industry and broad learning, yet he never forgets that there are certain things due to the court, to his own self-respect, and above all to justice and a righteous 230 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY administration of the law, which neither the zeal of an advocate nor the pleasure of success permits him to disregard. On the 27th of November, 1888, Mr. Tugman was married to Miss Alice Cameron, of Boston. They have three sons, the eldest a freshman of Harvard University, and two who are with them at the family home at Mount Washington. In the village where he makes his home Mr. Tugman served as solicitor from April, 1900, until January 1, 1908, when he resigned. On the 1st of January, 1910, he became a member and president of the Mount Washington school board. His political allegiance has always been given to the democracy and he favors the progressive spirit which has come to both parties, being opposed to anything like misrule in public affairs or to the use of political power for individual or corporate ends. At local elections he casts an independent ballot, considering only the capability of the candidate. He has taken the degrees of the York Rite in Masonry and although now demitted from the Knight Templar commandery, has a life membership in Kilwinning Chapter, R. A. M., and Excelsior Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of which he served as secretary some years ago. He was formerly identified with the Methodist Episcopal church, but at the present writing is not affiliated with any religious- denomination. He holds to liberal religious views and is not a believer in creeds except as a working hypothesis. He has been a member of various democratic clubs and was for a long period secretary of the Ohio Club, which has now passed out of existence. His only relationship of this character at the present time is with the City Club. Mr. Tugman is a man of broad and liberal views concerning all vital questions, and his position is ever on the side of progress and improvement. His varied experience in life has caused him to judge others leniently, and at the same time he has proven in his own life the possibilities for advancement open to every individual. He has justly earned the proud American title of a self-made man. He never claims for himself special credit for what he has accomplished, nor is there about him the least shadow of mock modesty. He stands today a strong man—strong in his ability to plan and perform, and strong in his honor and good name. FRANK MAGIE OGDEN. Frank Magie Ogden, now deceased, for many years prominently known in Cincinnati on account of his connection with large business enterprises and his interest in advancing the welfare of the city, will also long be remembered by reason of his genial character and kindly acts. He was a native of this city, born September 27, 1850, a son of Jonathan and Mary Elizabeth (Gorham) Ogden, both of whom were descendants of old New England ancestry. The father was born at Elizabethtown, New Jersey, June 12, 1807. He was a descendant of one of two brothers who emigrated from England and settled in New England very early in the history of the colonies.- The brothers engaged as architects and builders and in 1642 erecManhattanrst stone church on Ma.nhattan Island. Jonathan Ogden grew to manhood in his native state and, believing that the great west offered favorable openings for a young man of ambition and energy, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 233 he settled at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1828 and was for a number of years the leading merchant of the city. After retiring from the clothing business he dealt extensively in real estate and also became connected with the lumber business. He was remarkably successful as a business manager and became one of the wealthy men of the city, retiring from active labors in 1868. On December 21, 1834, Mr. Ogden was married to Miss Mary Elizabeth Gorham, a daughter of Parsons Gorham, who was a wholesale grocer of Hartford, Connecticut. Four children were born to this union : Parsons Gorham, who died in 1892 ; Melvina Belle, who married Philip D. Armour, the famous packer and philanthropist, of Chicago ; Clara Meader, who died in infancy ; and Frank M., of this review. Mr. Ogden, the father of these children, continued to live in Cincinnati for a number of years after his retirement from business but died at the residence of Mrs. Philip D. Armour, of Chicago, June 4, 1888. Mr. Ogden, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, possessed excellent advantages of education and under his father was systematically inducted into the real-estate business, becoming one of the leading real-estate men of the city. He possessed good business judgment, a remarkable knowledge of values present and prospective and was for years known as one of the brightest and most progressive property holders in Cincinnati. He possessed fine executive powers and kept his hand steadily on the helm of his business, being strictly conscientious in his dealings with debtors and creditors alike. His name was officially connected with many important enterprises and his operations were always of a character such as to assist in the upbuilding of the city. On the 14th of August, 1899, at Cincinnati, Mr. Ogden was united in marriage to Miss Gussie Debenath, a lady of many accomplishments and a social favorite in this city. Mr. Ogden was of an active, genial temperament and was prominently identified with the Masonic order, being a Knight Templar and a Shriner. He was also a member of the Knights of. Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was reared in the Presbyterian church but later in life attended the Episcopal church, his wife being a lifelong member of the Catholic church. Politically he was in full sympathy with the republican party but not through any desire for the honors of office, as his interests centered in his home, being thoroughly domestic in his tastes and in business. Mr. Ogden and his wife were members of the Young Men's Mercantile Library Association and Mrs. Ogden has placed a window in the new library building as a memorial to her husband. A generous and true hearted man, he was deeply interested in relieving the wants of those less fortunate than himself and his charities were many, although quietly bestowed and never made known publicly. He possessed great public spirit and was a leader in many important movements aiming to promote the public good. He died at his .home, 62 Richmond street, April 9, 1901, in the fifty-first year of his age, and it may truly be said that his departure awakened a deep sense of personal bereavement in many throughout the city. Mrs. Ogden is of French parentage and came to America early in life with her mother, and two sisters, now Mrs. Anna M. Bauer and Mrs. W. Taylor, the father having died in his native land. The maiden name of the mother was Vanette Augustin, earlier members of the family having been among the pioneer settlers of St. Louis. Mrs. Debenath located with her daughters in Cincinnati and died in 1907. The daughters were all thoroughly educated under accom- Vol III-11 234 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY plished instructors, Mrs. Ogden before her marriage completing her studies abroad. She and her sisters became highly proficient in modern languages and taught French privately in some of the leading families of Cincinnati. Mrs. Ogden has never given up literature and linguistic studies and has also acquired a good practical knowledge of the law, which she has applied in business affairs, having had personal charge of the family estate since the death of her husband. As a writer for magazines on current, civic and political topics she is well known and she is especially interested in advocacy of woman suffrage. She is a prominent club woman and is a member of the Twentieth Century Club and the Susan B. Anthony Club. She is active in works of charity and philanthropy, these being considered by her as they were by her husband important duties of life and essential in the promotion of the happiness and well-being of every community. LOUIS SCHWAB, M. D. It is acknowledged by able thinkers that while man has made marvelous progress in numberless lines lie has never succeeded in formulating a perfect system of government. This remark applies especially to city government, and at Cincinnati is now being tested a system which promises to revolutionize municipal administration and if the hopes of its advocates are realized, will solve one of the gravest problems of America. The responsibility of success or failure at Cincinnati largely rests upon the shoulders of Dr. Louis Schwab, mayor of the city, whose name introduces this sketch. Bravely he assumed the burden and in the opinion of those who know him best he possesses the stamina, the judgment and the experience necessary for the great undertaking. It is believed the test of years will prove that the voters made no mistake in selecting Dr. Schwab as their chief representative. He comes of German and Swiss ancestry and is a native son of Cincinnati, born November 26, 185o, his parents being Mathias and Solomena (Peck) Schwab. The father was born near Freiburg, Baden, Germany, in 1808, and the mother near Basel, Switzerland, November 10, 1820. Mr. Schwab Sr. came to Cincinnati early in the '30s and engaged in the manufacture of pipe organs, being the first in that line in the west. He proved very successful and from his establishment was turned out a large number of organs which were in use in churches both in the north and south previous to the Civil war. Mr. Schwab died in 1865. There were six children in the family : Mathias; who became a member of the fire department of Cincinnati and lost his life. at the time of the burning of the old Mercantile Library in 1869 ; Vincent, now deceased, for many years a justice of the peace in this city, in the course of which he displayed a rare talent for adjusting the troubles of litigants rather than aggravating them, who married and became the father of one child, Ralph ; George, also deceased, who left a widow and three daughters ; Louis ; Edward, deceased, who served as judge of the police court under the Tafel administration ; and Emanuel, now a well known physician of this city. The three oldest sons entered the army at the time of the Civil war, Mathias enlisting as a private in the Fifth Ohio Infantry, which was distinctively a Cincinnati regiment, and engaged in many im- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 235 portant battles of the war. He came home wearing the shoulder straps of a lieutenant. Louis Schwab received his preliminary education in the public schools of the city and for two years was a student in St. Xavier College. After leaving college he served as clerk in a general store at West Liberty, Ohio, for one year, at the end of which time he returned to Cincinnati and became an apprentice in a drug store. He also studied pharmacy and in 1874 was graduated from the pharmaceutical department of Cincinnati College. He opened a drug store in Cumminsville in 1874, which he conducted for five years. He had long desired to become a physician and at last the opportunity offered. He sold his business and found himself provided with funds to meet the expenses of a medical education. He matriculated in the Ohio Medical College and later entered the competitive examination for internship in which lie was successful. After serving for a year as interne at the City Hospital he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1883. He began practice at his home in Cumminsville where he has ever since maintained an office. A careful and painstaking practitioner, he made rapid advancement and in the course of years gained a front rank in the profession in Cincinnati. He takes great interest in medical organizations and is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. From the time of reaching his majority Dr. Schwab has been an active worker in politics, giving his allegiance to the republican party. In 1897 he was chosen chairman of the city republican convention and in 1898 was elected coroner of Hamilton county, discharging the duties of the office with such credit to himself and his party that he was reelected in 1900, serving two terms of two years each. Shortly after his retirement from the office of coroner he was appointed by Mayor Fleischmann with Dr. A. B. Isham and Dr. C. R. Holmes as a member of the board of medical directors of the Cincinnati Hospital. He was elected a member of the board of education at large in November, 1904, for two years and was reelected for one term of four years. He was instrumental in instituting measures which have resulted in permanent benefit to the schools. In November, 1909, he was elected mayor of the city and resigned his position upon the school board. As mayor his appointments have met with the general approval of the best elements in the city and have brought about great changes in administration, vastly improving the service in all departments and introducing business methods where previously politics had entire control. The federal system of city government in the cities of Ohio went into effect in January, 1910, and marked an entirely new departure in the administration of city affairs. The mayor is held responsible, as he possesses the appointive power. All elective boards being abolished under this plan, the mayor has larger authority and greater responsibility than ever before, and while it will require several years to determine the value of this system, there is little doubt that it will be thoroughly tested, and to Cincinnati belongs the honor of making the first experiment upon an extensive scale. On the 22d of October, 1885, Dr. Schwab was married to Miss Fannie Sheppard, a daughter of Edwin F. and Mary J. (Ewing) Sheppard, of Cincinnati. The father was cashier of the Amazon Insurance Company. Mrs. Schwab died in May, 1891, leaving three children : Mathias, who was born August 30, 1886, 236 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY and is now connected with the office of Chief Jackson of the city police department ; Nelson, who was born june 9, 1888, and is now in the junior class of Miami University ; and Abigail, born November 16, 1889, and now a senior at Western College. Socially Dr. Schwab is well known in the city and fraternally he is identified with various Masonic bodies, including the blue lodge, consistory and commandery. He is a valued member of the Business Men's Club, Blaine Club, and the Stamina League. A man of clear discernment, unusual intelligence and great breadth of views on all questions pertaining to business and politics, he has possessed rare opportunities of acquaintance with human nature and is a good judge of men. He has been a lifelong student and in his association with others has gained much information not found in books, of which he has made good use in his practice and in politics. He has always been actuated by high ideals, his methods have been commendable, and today no man stands higher in the estimation of the people of Cincinnati than the one who occupies the honorable office of mayor. His administration reflects credit not only upon his judgment but upon the people of the city and the cause of honest government which he so ably represents. LOUIS KRUCKEMEYER. Louis Kruckemeyer, now deceased, who was for many years engaged in the manufacturing and mercantile business in Cincinnati, and was greatly esteemed on account of his business ability, genial disposition and spirit of philanthropy, was born at Essen, near Osnabruck, Hanover, Germany, February 19, 1843. His parents were Frederick and Elizabeth (Emptmeyer) Kruckemeyer, the father being a butcher and cattle dealer. Louis Kruckemeyer, of this review, was educated in his native land and at the age of fourteen years was apprenticed to the tinner's trade, which he learned in all its details. On February 20, 186o, in company with an older brother, Justus Kruckemeyer, he left Germany for the new world. They landed at New Orleans, and, after spending a short time in that city, came up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati. Here the younger brother readily found employment in the shop of Edward Bickel. Justus was not so fortunate in the beginning, but found employment later. Subsequently Louis Kruckemeyer continued at his trade for the firm of Fares & Miller on Fifth street, now the William Miller Company. About 1869 he purchased the stove and tin store of a Mr. Drach, which was located at the corner of Vine and Fifteenth streets, and developed the business upon an extensive scale. He was very capable and energetic and as the years passed became one of the prominent business men of the city, being at the head of the Kruckemeyer Company, which now has a large factory and office at Nos. 107-110 East Liberty street 'and a store at the corner of Vine and Fifteenth streets. This business includes the manufacture of the noted Kruckemeyer warm air furnaces and also of an extensive line of steel ranges, hospital, hotel, cafe and culinary supplies and various styles of roofing. In 1902 Mr. Kruckemeyer erected .a large block at the corner of Fifteenth and Vine streets which has CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 237 proved a wise investment. He was fortunate in his operations and became one of the wealthy men of Cincinnati, being also known as one of its most public-spirited citizens. On October 24, 1871, at Cincinnati, Mr. Kruckemeyer was married to Miss Lena Barnes, a daughter of Henry and Catherine (Knorr) Bardes, one of the old families of the city. The grandmother, Margaret Knorr, was an early settler at Cincinnati, and a great-uncle, David Ziegler, was the first mayor of the city. The father of Mrs. Kruckemeyer was born near Landau, Germany, July 17, 1820, and came to America in a sailing vessel, the trip requiring eighty days, New Orleans being the objective point. He established his home in Cincinnati and opened a meat market on Buckeye street, later moving to Vine street. He was a man of a remarkably charitable disposition and was known as the widow's friend during the Civil war, being one of the most liberal donators in Cincinnati to families of soldiers. At the age of fifty years he retired from business and took up his residence upon a farm. He died July 13, 1891, at his home on Ohio avenue, Cincinnati. His wife was born in Germany and came to America with her mother and nine other children when she was quite young. She died April 4, 1910, at the age of eighty-one years. There were nine children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Bardes, five of whom are living, namely : Caroline, who married Henry Koehler ; Lena, who became the wife of Louis Kruckemeyer; Katie, who married Ernest Kruckemeyer, a brother of Louis Kruckemeyer ; Henrietta, the wife of Charles Schraeder ; and Edward H., who now lives in Cincinnati. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Kruckemeyer : Louis, who died at the age of three and one-half years ; Harry F., who married Carrie Sohn, and has two children : Richard and Elsie; Elsie, who married William A. Widisch, of Cincinnati, and who died in January, 1911, leaving two children : Gertrude and Marion : Ada K., who is living at home; Walter E., also living at home ; Linda, the wife of Edward Schaefer, of St. Louis ; and Gretchen and Justus Louis, both of whom are at home. Mr. Kruckemeyer was not a member of any religious denomination, but was a firm believer in the Golden Rule, his life being controlled by an abiding desire to deal justly with and to lighten the burdens of others to the extent of his ability. He was a liberal contributor to the poor, especially to the support of orphans, and for many years he was a member of the board of directors of the German Protestant Orphan Asylum. He was also a member of the board of directors of the Altenheim and of the German Insurance Company. Fraternally he was identified with the Odd Fellows. He gave his political support to the republican party but never sought office, although frequently urged to do so. He was at one time nominated on the republican ticket for county commissioner, but it was without his solicitation and he made no effort to secure the election, the entire republican ticket being defeated. In 1904 he purchased a residence on Hosea avenue which he took great pride in preparing for his family. When the house was in readiness for occupancy and his wife entered the front door, he held out his arms to her and said : "Welcome, my dear wife, to our new home !" He was a lover of his family and of his race and practically demonstrated his love by kindly and generous acts extending through all the years of his manhood. He died May 3, 1907, and few indeed have been called away who were more sincerely mourned. The family con- 238 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY tinue in the business which the father founded, retaining the title of the Kruckemeyer Company, the officers being; Mrs. Lena Kruckemeyer, president; Harry F. Kruckemeyer, vice president and superintendent of the plant ; Ada K. Kruckemeyer, secretary ; and Walter E. Kruckemeyer, treasurer. Mrs. Kruckemeyer resides in her handsomely appointed home at No. 23o Hosea avenue. ALLEN BENTON THRASHER, M. D. In professional life, where opportunities are always awaiting the worthy aspirant and there is room at the top, Dr. Allen Benton Thrasher has made steady advancement and is now one of the best known physicians of Cincinnati. He was born on a farm in Fayette county, Indiana, July 6, 1851. His father, Woodson W. Thrasher, was a native of Kentucky and became very prominent in Indiana as a farmer and stockman, being one of the first then in the state to import shorthorn cattle from England in order to improve the breed in this country. He died on his farm in 1887. Dr. Thrasher was reared under the parental roof and attended the district schools, preparing for college at Fairview Academy. He matriculated at Butler University at Indianapolis, from which he was graduated with honors in 1873, having previously taught for two years in the academy in which he took his preparatory studies. He pursued a post-graduate course at the university and in 1874 received the degree of A. M. After leaving Butler University he went to Heidelberg, Germany, and studied medicine, completing the course at the Medical College of Ohio in Cincinnati, from which he received the degree of M. D. in 1880. He served for one year as resident physician of the Cincinnati Hospital and then took up active practice in this city, specializing in diseases of the throat, nose and ear. In 1889 he once more visited Europe and attended clinics at the various large hospitals, becoming a student under the celebrated Dr. Morrell Mackenzie, who died in 1892. The ability of Dr. Thrasher as a teacher was recognized many years ago by his appointment as lecturer in the Ohio Medical College, a position which he filled from 188o to 1884. He was also appointed by Major McKinley when he was governor of Ohio as member of the board of trustees of the Cincinnati Hospital and served as president of the board. In 1888 he was elected professor of laryngology in the Cincinnati Polyclinic and -is now consulting laryngologist to Christ Hospital. He has taken an active part in the promotion of medical organizations and is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, having served as secretary of the laryngological and otological section of the last named body. He is also a fellow of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society of the American Laryngological Association and has been for many years a prominent factor in the deliberations of those organizations. In 1888 Dr. Thrasher was married to Miss Edith Williams, who bas born at Milwaukee, Wisconsin. She is a daughter of Captain George Williams and a granddaughter of. Micajah T. Williams, the latter of whom was one of the earliest bankers of Cincinnati and chief builder of the Miami & Erie canal. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 241 Three children have been born to the union of Dr. and Mrs. Thrasher : Barbara, Ruth and Corinne. Dr. Thrasher is a member of the Masonic order and is also connected with the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. He established the Phi Delta Theta "Scroll" in 1874 and was its first editor, this being one of the first of the college fraternity papers issued in this country. He was also associated with Scott Bonham in the organization of the Cincinnati chapter of the Psi Delta Theta. A man of fine social qualities, he has made many friends and through his rare talents in his chosen profession has gained wide recognition and a goodly measure of financial prosperity. HENRY BAER. Among the well established practitioners at the bar in Cincinnati who stand high in the estimation of the people and give promise of continued usefulness for many years to come may be named Henry Baer. He is of good German stock in both paternal and maternal lines of the family and was born in Cincinnati, November 29, 1857, being a son of Henry and Barbara (Humbert) Baer. The father was born in Hessian, Germany, May 22, 1820, and the mother in Bavaria, November 26, 1830. Mr. Baer, Sr., became a mechanic and, desiring to seek more favorable conditions than he could hope to find in the old country, crossed the ocean to America in 1852, locating at Cincinnati, which was then one of the most prominent river towns and gave every promise of developing into a large and important city. At the time of the Civil war Mr. Baer responded to the call of President Lincoln for soldiers and enlisted as a member of Company A, Ninth Ohio Volunteers, under Colonel Robert L. McCook. The regiment saw considerable active service and distinguished itself in the battle of Mill Springs, having previously engaged in battle at Rich Mountain and Carmfax Ferry. Sergeant Baer proved a good soldier and was never found wanting when duty called, but he lost his health from exposure and was discharged on a surgeon's certificate in 1862. There were four children, three sons and one daughter, in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Baer, three of whom are now living: Henry, of this review ; William J., an artist who makes his home in New York city ; and George A., a wholesale furrier of Cincinnati. Henry Baer grew up under the restraining influences of a well ordered home and secured a good preliminary education in the public schools. He pursued the study of law in the Cincinnati Law School, graduating in 1878. He at once began practice in this city and has always practiced alone. He devotes his attention to general civil law and, being a man of acknowledged force of character, breadth of mind and proven ability in his profession, he is meeting with the measure of success which his merits richly deserve. In 1882, at Cincinnati, Mr. Baer was united in marriage to Miss Catherine R. Tucker, a daughter of James H. and Catherine (Huenefelt) Tucker, the father being a carpenter and builder. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Baer, namely : Lillian; Laura J. ; Henry T.; Blanche ; and Humbert. The eldest son, Henry, is an active member of the First Regiment, Ohio National Guards. 242 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Professionally Mr. Baer is connected with the Cincinnati Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association, and politically he adheres to the republican party. He has never served in public office except as member of the city council, having been elected for two years in 1891 from the first ward. In religious belief he is a Protestant and socially he is identified with the Odd Fellows and the Blaine Club. He entered upon his life work more than thirty years ago with an abundant stock of indomitable energy and a firm determination to succeed, and his early ambition has largely been realized, as he is today practically independent financially and is respected as one of the influential members of a large and growing city. In the full vigor of life and in the prime of his mental powers, he enjoys the confidence of his fellow citizens, which he has gained through years of conscientious effort in the pursuit of worthy ideals. EDWARD THOMAS SPRAGUE. High ideals have actuated Edward Thomas Sprague in the conduct of his business interests, making him today the leading shirt manufacturer of Cincinnati, his patronage being drawn from many of the best and most prominent citizens. He was born in Danbury, Connecticut, May 26, 1842. His father, Thomas Wildman Sprague, also a native of Danbury, was born in November, 1814, and in 1848 became a resident of Dayton, Ohio. Even Dayton did not give him the opportunities he desired and, seeking a broader field of labor, he came to Cincinnati in September, 185o. Here he opened a retail clothing, custom tailoring and furnishing goods store at 113 Main street, becoming the pioneer fine clothing merchant of the west. In 1854 he removed to No. 10 East Fourth street, between Main and Sycamore streets, the adjoining store being occupied by John Shillito & Company, while the postoffice was at the northwest corner of Fourth and Sycamore streets. In 186o in order to meet the growing demand of his trade he removed to a building at the southeast corner of Fourth and Vine streets, leasing the entire building which had just been completed. There he remained until 1876, when he disposed of his business and connected himself with his son, Edward T. Sprague, in the establishment of a shirt business with which he was associated to the time of his death, making his home with his son in Avondale. He wedded Martha Bishop, of Danbury, Connecticut, a daughter of Nathaniel Bishop, who was a minister of the old Scotch Dominion church, the only church of that denomination in the United States. Her mother was Mrs. Betsy Bishop. The great-grandfather of Mr. Sprague in the maternal line bore the name of Dobbs and it was in his honor that Dobbs Ferry in New York was named. He was a soldier of the Revolutionary war and Mr. Sprague has in his possession a copy of a letter which was written to him by George Washington. The great-grandfather of Mr. Sprague on the paternal side was likewise one of those who fought for the independence of the nation. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Thomas W. Sprague were born two sons, the brother of our subject being William, who married Miss Kate Raper, of Loveland, Ohio. Both are now deceased. Their two children are Mary and Martha Sprague. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 243 In the public schools of Cincinnati Edward Thomas Sprague acquired his early education, which was supplemented by a course in Chickering Institute, from which he was graduated with the class of 1858. Leaving school he went to New York city, where he was engaged in the wholesale cloth business, but in 186o returned to Cincinnati and became associated with his father in the clothing business at Fourth and Vine streets, where they remained until 1876. Their store was so long located at that place that it was always designated as "Spragues' Corner," and never by the name of the streets which there intersected. In 1875 he turned his attention to the custom shirt business, which he established in a small room on the second floor of his father's building. Two years later he removed to the Johnson building, and when another two years had passed was located at No. 7 Wiggins block, at the southeast corner of Fifth and Vine streets, where he is still in business. He has gained a national reputation as a custom shirtmaker and now has a very extensive patronage because of the high character of his work and the satisfactory fit which he positively guarantees. He is very popular and has made many friends and patrons through his courteous and gentlemanly manner. He has made a most close and thorough study of every detail of the business and feels that just as much care should be taken in the manufacture of a well fitting shirt as in the making of a suit of clothes. Style and workmanship are always elements in the output of his establishment and the business has grown along substantial lines to extensive proportions. On the 14th of June, 1864, Mr. Sprague was married to Miss Annie Hathaway Wiswell, who was born on Race, between Third and Fourth streets, in this city. She is a daughter of Eben Wiswell, a furniture merchant, and a niece of William Wiswell, proprietor of the art store. Her mother, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Sikes, was a member of the Sikes family of Worcester, Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Sprague are the parents of two children, a daughter and son : Mrs. Clara Pumphrey ; and Thomas W., who died in 1885 at the age of five years. Mrs. Pumphrey has three children : Anna, Mary and Ned. The elder granddaughter, Anna Pumphrey, is highly talented in the art of flower painting and in arts and crafts work. The other granddaughter, Mary Pumphrey, is very proficient in music. Mr. Sprague is a member of the Unitarian church and is a prominent Mason, having attained the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite and the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. His political allegiance is given to the republican party. He and his brother served in the militia at the time of the Civil war, being numbered among the squirrel hunters who crossed the pontoon bridge at the foot of Vine street, defending the city at the time of the Kirby Smith raid in Kentucky, and also participated in the campaign against Morgan in his attempted raid of Cincinnati. With his command he later went to Paducah to protect the fleet of steamers which had gone there to give assistance in the building of a pontoon bridge over the Ohio from the shores of Kentucky to Ohio. In questions of citizenship Mr. Sprague has always been true and loyal, not only in the days of the Civil war but in times of peace as well, and his cooperation has ever been counted upon as a tangible factor in movements for the general good. Since losing his wife, whose death occurred on the 30th of January, 1906, at which time they were residents of Clifton, Mr. Sprague has made 244 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY his home at Hotel Sinton. He is treasurer of the New England Society, that holds an annual banquet in Cincinnati. A man of attractive social qualities, he has found much that is pleasurable in life because he has the temperament and nature that wins it. Moreover his geniality is of a nature that sheds around him much of life's sunshine and all who know him are glad to call him friend, FREDERICK A. SCHMIDT. The life of Frederick A. Schmidt constituted the acme of all implied in the term an honorable business man and gentleman. At his death, which occurred on the 11th of October, 1911, he was dean of the real-estate fraternity of Cininnati, and in many public and private relations had given proof that he merited the high honor and esteem which were uniformly accorded him. There was in him nothing of the dreamer; he was ever a man of action, and his theories became vitalized forces for the accomplishment of whatever he undertook. The history of Frederick A. Schmidt and of his family is interwoven with the history of our city from the very day of its foundation, relatives on his mother's side having been among the first settlers. He himself was born in Cincinnati on the 19th of June, 1842, the son of Charles F. and Susan A, (Griffin) Schmidt. His father, though a native of Germany, belonged to th old Scotch family of Seton. Educated in the University of Bonn, he afterwards studied in the medical schools of London, and became a physician renowned over all the civilized world. It was to visit his uncle, then German consul in New York, that Charles F. Schmidt first came to this country. Our democratic principles appealed powerfully to this brilliant scholar of Old World institutions. He saw at once the fallacy of caste, and though belonging to a noble family, renounced all pretensions to rank and became a plain citizen of the United States. He had already made many inventions in electricity as applied to therapeutics, and now discovered the electric light and also a method of obtaining a spark from a fixed magnet, which prepared the way for the gasoline engine of today. His fame soon spread to Cincinnati, and attracted the attention of David Griffin, one of the earliest settlers of our city, whose family had come west with Daniel Boone. In 1839 Dr. Schmidt came to Cincinnati, and shortly afterwards married David Griffin's daughter. Then came ante-bellum days, when men's patriotism impelled them to make great sacrifices. His friend, Salmon P. Chase and other whig leaders, persuaded Dr. Schmidt that his newly adopted country needed the influence of a cultured German on the press, and he was induced to give up his practice in order to edit and publish a whig newspaper. In this undertaking he was ably seconded by his wife, who, imbued with the enthusiasm of her ancestors of Revolutionary fame —her uncle, Benjamin Rush, being one of the signers of our Constitution—worked with the same spirit against slavery and for the Union. Dr. Schmidt became one of the leaders and founders of what is now the republican party, but lost his entire fortune. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 247 The education of Frederick A. Schmidt, begun in St. Xavier College, was thus early interrupted, and he entered the law office of Walker, Kebler & Force, as a clerk, when but thirteen years old. Two years later, he became an employe of J. L. Wayne & Son, hardware dealers, who were then located on Main street between Third and Fourth. He was soon promoted to the position of assistant bookkeeper, which he retained until September, 1858, when he became bookkeeper for the Franklin Cotton. Factory. He held a very important position with this large firm, having entire charge of their accounts and also serving as cashier. The work, however, proved too heavy and taxing for a youth of eighteen years, and in March, 1861, ill-health compelled his severing his connection with this firm. His father moved to a country place near Riverside, thinking that the country air would benefit his son's health. In the following November, Frederick A. Schmidt, who had gained a wide reputation as an expert accountant, was appointed to a position in the Second Auditor's office iii the Treasury Department at Washington, where he remained fifteen years. He was given charge of the disbursements of the United States Treasury, and during the war made a trip from Washington to New York, carrying with him three million dollars in bills of large denomination. While in Washington, he had the honor to be elected president of the then famous Shakespeare Club of that city. In March, 1877, Mr. Schmidt returned to Cincinnati, and soon associated himself with David K. Este, with whom he afterwards, on January I, r879, formed a partnership for the carrying on of a general real-estate agency and brokerage business. This relation continued for seven years, till Mr. Este's death in 1886. For twenty-four years thereafter, Mr. Schmidt conducted his large and constantly growing business alone. In 1910, he admitted his son, Walter Seton, to a partnership, and the business was afterwards conducted under the name of Frederick A. Schmidt & Son. The firm had become widely and favorably known, and in its hands was placed the management of many large estates, owners living at a distance relying implicitly on Mr. Schmidt's honesty and judgment in the handling of their property. While connected with real-estate interests in Cincinnati, Mr. Schmidt was prominent in many transactions which involved hundreds of thousands of dollars. He was identified. with the Union Depot project in Cincinnati from its very incipiency, and was the first to suggest the location and plan which were finally adopted. His value' as an appraiser of property was recognized by the various railroads, and his services were almost invariably engaged when works of magnitude were on foot, such as the Queen & Crescent terminal. Several of the largest office and manufacturing buildings owed their erection to his efforts. He assisted in unraveling the real-estate tangle which resulted from the burning of the Pike opera house, upon the site of which now stands the Sinton hotel. Mr. Schmidt held membership in the Cincinnati real-estate exchange, and was at one time its president. He also belonged to the Chamber of Commerce and cooperated actively and effectively in many of its measures and movements for the general good. His opinion on any matter of public or political interest was always sound and unbiased, and thus was frequently sought by all the leading financiers and politicians of the community. 248 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Mr. Schmidt was married in 1881 to Miss Apolline Tetedoux, daughter of a talented French musician whose wife was a Cincinnati Guilford. The maternal grandfather of Mrs. Schmidt was Nathan Guilford, a Cincinnati pioneer who came to the city in 1816. While state senator he introduced the bill to provide for free education, becoming known as the Father of the Public School System in Ohio. The Guilford school on Sycamore street was so named to perpetuate his memory. Mr. and Mrs. Schmidt had four children, two sons and two daughters : Austin Guilford, who is studying for the priesthood, and is a professor in St. Ignatius College in Chicago; Walter Seton, who was associated with his father in business ; Dorothy Tetedoux, and Elizabeth Rush. The mother passed away in July, 1910, and in little more than a year, the father's death occurred. Frederick A. Schmidt was a rare man. Simple, unpretentious, he cared nothing for position or wealth. The rule of his life was "Do always what is right; if you err, let it be on the side of charity." His acquaintance in Cincinnati, where the greater part of his life had been spent, was a very extensive one, and his life history was an open book which all might read. His colleagues and contemporaries in the business world entertained for him warm admiration, for it was well known that in his own capability, energy, and integrity was to be found the secret of his advancement. His methods of business were always constructive, and he sought progress and advancement in every way. WALTER W. CLIPPINGER. The successful practice of law in a large city where competition is keen and many highly gifted attorneys may be found calls for thorough preparation, special ability and years of the closest application. Walter W. Clippinger, of Cincinnati, possesses the qualifications of the successful practitioner and is now thoroughly established and has attracted a large and growing clientage. He is a native of Monrovia, Indiana, born April 20, 1865. His father, Rev. John Henry Clippinger, was a well known minister of the Methodist church and died when his son Walter was in his early childhood. The mother's maiden name was Rebecca, Armstrong. She was born at Staunton, Virginia, and came of a line of ancestors which P has been traced back as far as the time of the revolution. There is good fighting blood in the family, as is indicated by the fact that six brothers of Mrs. Clippinger participated in the Civil war, three of them defending the cause of the Union and the other three bravely fighting for the Confederacy. There were eight children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Clippinger, five of whom are now living, namely : Henry C., who is in the Methodist ministry and now located at Indianapolis, Indiana ; Wilbur, who is practicing medicine at Evansville, Indiana ; Sallie ; Walter W., of this review ; and Ella, the wife of James Ensle, of Evansville. Walter W. Clippinger received his early education in the common schools of Evansville and later attended the high school of the same city. He pursued the study of law at the Cincinnati Law School, graduating in 1894 with the degree of LL. B. At the law school he won highest standing in the junior year, carrying off a prize of seventy-five dollars. This was a bright prophecy as to his CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 249 future and very soon after entering the practice he demonstrated his talents as an advocate and counsellor. He practices in all the courts and gives his attention to general civil law, in many phases of which he is considered a safe guide and authority by his associates at the bar. On June 1, 1894, Mr. Clippinger was married, in this city, to Miss Helen L. Glidden, a daughter of John J. and Ruth Glidden, the father being an attorney of Cincinnati. The Glidden family has traced its ancestry in a direct line to the Revolutionary war. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Clippinger : Virginia, John Henry, Ruth and Carl. Mr. Clippinger is a man of clear and sound judgment and, as he has been governed by worthy ideals in all his activities, he has built up a reputation as a lawyer and citizen that is in the highest degree creditable. He is known as one whose word is inviolate and who never forgets a kindly act or deserts a friend. Politically he is an earnest supporter of the republican party and in religious belief adheres to the Methodist church, being at the present time a trustee of the First Methodist church of Madisonville. He is a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree and a Shriner. For eighteen years past he has. been an active member of the Blaine Club and also holds membership in the Hyde Park Country Club. He has many warm personal friends in the various organizations with which he is identified and is greatly esteemed not only by his close associates but by many to whom he has been a true benefactor. JOHN M. WITHROW, M. D. Dr. John M. Withrow, one of the most prominent and able physicians and surgeons of Cincinnati, has made this city the scene of his professional labors since taking the degree of M. D. in 1884. His birth occurred in Butler county, Ohio, on the l0th of October, 1854, his parents being John L. and Margaret (Murphy) Withrow, of Scotch and Irish extraction, both of whom were natives of Butler county. John Withrow of Pennsylvania, the great-great-grandfather of our subject, participated in the Revolutionary war. His brothers and sister were Royalists and went to Canada during the War for Independence, at the close of which all except one returned to the United States. Among the descendants of the one who remained in Canada were several distinguished men. John Withrow, the great-grandfather of Dr. Withrow, removed to Butler county, Ohio, in 18o1 and purchased the property afterward owned by his descendants. Samuel Pottenger Withrow, the paternal grandfather, was born in North Carolina and passed away in Butler county, Ohio, in 1890, at the age of ninety-two years. He was a man of remarkable character and of unusual learning, becoming one of the foremost citizens of his community. John L. Withrow, the father of the gentleman whose name introduces this review, followed general agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career and passed away in 1894. His wife died on the 14th of September, 1891. John M. Withrow, who was the eldest in a family of seven children, obtained his education in the common schools of Jacksonboro, the select school of Professor Benedict Starr at Seven Mile and in Miami University of Oxford,