250 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Ohio. Subsequently he taught school at Jacksonboro for one year and on the expiration of that period became a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. He next served for one year as principal of the school at Amanda and later again entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, being graduated from that institution in 1877. Returning to Amanda, Dr. Withrow followed the profession of teaching there for one year and was then elected superintendent of the public schools at Eaton, Ohio, serving in that capacity for four years. At the end of that time he entered a medical college and was graduated in 1884, after two years of study. The fact that he won six of the eight prizes offered the class of one hundred students was unmistakable proof of his learning and ability, and from that time to the present he has remained in the front rank of his profession. In June, 1884, he opened an office in Cincinnati and a year later became an associate of Dr. Thaddeus A. Reamy, with Whom he practiced for two years, removing to No. 294 West Fourth street at the end of that time. In October, 1890, he purchased the residence at No. 300 West Seventh street and in 1901 removed to the Herman Goepper homestead at Vernonville. Dr. Withrow is a close student of his profession and makes a specialty of the diseases of women, a large and lucrative practice being accorded him in recognition of his skill and ability. He keeps in touch with the advancement that is being continually made by the medical fraternity through his membership in the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine and the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society. He is medical examiner of the Provident Life & Trust Company of Philadelphia and clinical lecturer on the diseases of women in the medical department of the Cincinnati University. Dr. Withrow is connected with Christ and Cincinnati Hospitals in the department of diseases of women and was a member of the board of trustees of the Cincinnati Hospital, of which he has served as president. The present mayor of Cincinnati has made him a member of the board of Cincinnati hospital commissioners, appointed to build the new hospital which is to cost three million dollars. Dr. Withrow is likewise a charter member of the Anti-Tuberculosis League and has been a member of its board of trustees since its organization. He was first appointed to the board of trustees of. Miami University by Governor George Hoadly in 1884 and was reappointed by Governor J. B. Foraker in 1889. He is still a member of that board and acted as its president for five years. Dr. Withrow was the first health officer of the city. He was the pioneer in the campaign for the suppression of expectorating promiscuously. His reputation as a physician and surgeon extends far beyond the confines of Cincinnati. He is painstaking and careful in the diagnosis of a case, seldom, if ever, at error in anticipating the outcome of disease and in his practice conforms to the highest standard of professional ethics. On the 16th of October, 1888, Dr. Withrow was united in marriage to Miss Susanna Barrett, a daughter of George Barrett, one of the prominent merchants of Pittsburg. Mrs. Susanna Withrow passed away in 1894 and in 1897 Dr. Withrow was again married, his second union being with Miss Sarah Hickenlooper, by whom he has four children, namely : Margaret Hickenlooper, John Andrew, Andrew Hickenlooper and Sarah Hickenlooper. For a long period Dr. Withrow has enjoyed membership in St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church. He also belongs to the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity of CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 251 the Ohio Wesleyan University, the University Club and the Business Men's Club. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, while his political allegiance is given to the republican party. Dr. Withrow was elected a member of the board of education at large in 1904 and reelected in 1909. In this connection he has probably done his most valuable work for Cincinnati, being chairman of the building committee, which has erected twelve new school buildings and has three in course of construction at the present time. In March, 1909, the Cincinnati Business Men's Club gave a dinner to the man who had done most for the city in the past year and Dr. Withrow was the guest of honor. ISRAEL WILSON, M. D. For over sixty years Dr. Israel Wilson resided on Main street in Cincinnati, having come to this city when a young man, and devoting his life to the medical profession he made his services of great benefit to hundreds, remaining through an extended period as the loved family physician in many households. He was born in Warren county, Ohio, in August, 1808. His father was Jesse Wilson who, at Salem, New Jersey, in 1800, had wedded Elizabeth Mason. They were married in the church of the Society of Friends and came to Ohio with a colony of that religious sect. The majority of the colonists settled at Waynesville, but Jesse Wilson took up his abode a few miles distant in Warren county, where he followed the occupation of farming. He continued his identification, however, with the Friends who built a church at Springboro and also one of the first woolen mills in this section of the country at that place. Israel Wilson was reared and educated in Warren county and, feeling that his labors were somewhat restricted in the old home neighborhood, and that the city would offer him better opportunities, he came to Cincinnati as a young man. Here he was employed in a produce store owned by his maternal grandfather, but while engaging in commercial pursuits devoted every leisure moment to the study of medicine. Early in his residence here he purchased a piece of property on Main street that extended through in the form of an L to Eighth street. Upon that place he established his home and made it his place of abode for more than six decades. As soon as he had received his diploma, indicating his accomplishment in the field of medicine, Dr. Wilson entered upon the active practice of that calling. He was particularly skilful in diagnosis, his judgment being seldom at fault in relation to the cause of disease and its possible outcome. He was one of the first physicians to discontinue the old practice of bleeding a patient and to use in treatment herbs which were noted for their medicinal qualities. At one time he was the owner of a large drug store and laboratory on Main and Eighth streets. His practice grew steadily as did his commercial interests until in time he became one of the foremost physicians and druggists of the city. His business and his practice grew with the growth of Cincinnati and there were few practitioners who kept in as close touch with the advancement that is being continuously made by the profession. 252 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Dr. Wilson was a Quaker in his religious faith and his wife held membership with the Episcopal church. His political views were in accord with the principles of the whig party and he was a strong advocate of temperance, Active in all civic affairs, he was public-spirited and his cooperation could be counted upon to further all general movements for the public good. On the 5th of November, 1829, in Cincinnati, Dr. Wilson was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Davis, of the state of New York, who died in September, 1890, at the age of eighty years. Dr. Wilson had passed away November 26, 1888, also when eighty years of age. In their family were five children, their son being the first child to die of cholera during the epidemic of that disease in 1832. Dr. Wilson labored untiringly during the cholera siege and his efforts constituted an important element in checking the ravages of the disease. The members of his household were: Richard Law and Davies, both now deceased; Mrs. Mary Caroline Allan, to whom we are indebted for the material concerning her father ; Genevieve, the wife of Colonel John Brosbeck ; and Buckingham. It was in 1856 while traveling in Italy that Mary Caroline. Wilson became the wife of Patterson Allan, of Virginia, a son of John Allan, who was a planter near Richmond and who became the foster father of. Edgar Allan Poe, to whom he gave a college education and equipped him for life's practical duties. Patterson Allan was born in Virginia and prior to the Civil war was a planter on the old homestead, which he operated with the aid of slave labor. He lived upon one of the estates bordering the river. His death occurred in 1872. In his family were four children but only one is now living, a daughter, Genevieve, who is the wife of Dwight Montague, of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Following her husband's death Mrs. Allan came to Cincinnati to make her home, selling her plantation and other interests in the south. She has always been active in Christ church and its kindred societies and is a member of Hamilton County Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. She has spent much of her life in Ohio and as a daughter of Dr. Israel Wilson is a representative of one of the old and prominent families of this section of the state. SAMUEL POGUE. The life record of Samuel Pogue is the story of continuous progress. Correctly judging his own capacities and powers, and the people and circumstances that make up his life's contacts and experiences, he has so utilized and directed his energies that he has gained a position of distinctive precedence in mercantile circles in Cincinnati. Not to know Samuel Pogue, at least by reputation if not personally, is to argue one's self unknown in this city. He was born on a farm at Drumcarplin, near Cavan, Ireland, June 1, 1832, a son of Thomas and Isabella (Crawford) Pogue, the former of Irish lineage and the latter of Scotch descent. On the Emerald isle his youthful days were passed and, following the acquirement of a common school education, he came to America in 1849 and has since been identified with mercantile interests in Cincinnati. He became a clerk in the dry-goods store of John Crawford, on Fifth street, between Walnut and Vine streets, and carefully saved his earnings with the view of one day CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 255 engaging in business on his own account. At the close of the war he and a brother, Henry, purchased the stock of Mr. Crawford and opened a store at No. 100 West Fifth street, between Vine and Race streets, under the firm name of H. & S. Pogue. For a number of years they continued at that location and then sought larger quarters on Fourth street, between Vine and Race streets, to which they removed on the 1st of January, 1878, their business occupying two store buildings at Nos. 112 and 114. Subsequently the business was reorganized as a corporation under the name of the H. &. S. Pogue Company and in succeeding years adjoining property was purchased so that the store now covers two hundred feet square on Fourth and Race streets. Samuel Pogue is president of the company although he has now passed the seventy-ninth milestone on life's journey. His identification with this business covers forty-six years and throughout the entire period the name of Pogue has sustained an unassailable reputation for business integrity and incorruptible commercial methods. He is also well known in financial circles and is a director of the Merchants' National Bank and the First National Bank. On the 17th of August, 1871, in Avondale, Mr. Pogue was united in marriage by. Rev. W. J. McKnight to Miss Frances Catherine West, a daughter of Henry Franklin West. Their children are : Robert West, who married Miss S. Russell; Letcher, of Richmond, Kentucky ; Elizabeth M., the wife of William Robert Todd ; and Samuel Franklin, who married Miss Mabel E. Wood, of St. Louis, Missouri. Mr. Pogue is a republican in his political views. His activities outside of his business and his home have largely centered in religious work. He was for many years a member of the Central Presbyterian church and long served as one of its elders, while for a number of years he was superintendent of its Sunday school. His membership is now in the Avondale Presbyterian church. There are few men whose lives are crowned with the honor and respect which are uniformly accorded Samuel Pogue. Through a half-century's connection with the history of Cincinnati his has been an unblemished character. With him success in life has been reached by sterling qualities of mind and a heart true to every manly principle. He has never deviated from what his judgment indicated to he right and honorable between his fellowmen and himself and has always followed constructive measures, believing in the right of every individual to earn an honest living, so that his path has never been strewed with the wrecks of other men's fortunes. WILLIAM BODEMER. Active cooperation in establishing and, building the Widows Home of this city is one of the good deeds ascribed to William Bodemer. He was a representative of the German-American element in the citizenship of Cincinnati, his birth having occurred in Germany in 1841. He was, however, a young lad when brought to America, and in the schools of this city he mastered the branches of learning' which usually constitute the public school curriculum. When a young man he obtained a position in the St. Nicholas Hotel, where he was employed Vol. III-12 256 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY for a number of years, working his way steadily upward from a humble position, his advancement being secured by his capability and his faithfulness in performing the duties intrusted to him. He afterward with the capital saved from his earnings engaged in business on his own account on Race street where he re mained until his death. At times he invested in real estate and thus accumulated a goodly competence. In 1866, in Cincinnati, Mr. Bodemer was united in marriage to Miss Louise F. Knagge, a daughter of John T. Knagge, who in his boyhood came from Germany to the new world, making his voyage across the Atlantic in one of the old time sailing vessels. He was one of the early merchants of this city, becoming proprietor of a tin shop in the old Jefferson Hall block. Here he died at the age of sixty-six years. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Bodemer were four daughters and four sons : William, manager of the Lackman Hotel, of Cincinnati ; Alvin, manager of the Diem and Wing Paper Co. ; Clarence, a master mechanic with the Louisville & Nashville Railroad ; Oscar H., engaged in the electrical engineering business ; Estelle Marie, wife of Charles B. Ratterman; Louise F., now Mrs. Edward C. Coon ; Emily E., wife of Clarence W. Stephens; and Cardyn C., now Mrs. Otto F. Harold, of Dallas, Texas. The family attend the Lutheran church. Mr. Bodemer was always a public-spirited citizen who gave freely of his means where support was needed for a public project. He belonged to the Knights of Pythias society and was one of the early members of the old Cuvier Club. He was one of the original members of the Lincoln Club. He was a most charitable man and his generosity entitles him to the gratitude of those who are now benefiting by its bounty. FRANK H. PERKINS. Fortunate is the individual who starts early in the business or profession for which he is especially adapted. This has been illustrated many times in the experience of leaders in America and the success which has rewarded the efforts of Frank H. Perkins, vice president of the Perkins-Campbell Company, manufacturers of saddlery and harness of Cincinnati, is evidence of the truth of this statement. Starting in a humble capacity as a boy of eighteen, he has passed through the various departments of a great manufacturing establishment and is now one of its principal officers. He is a native of Covington, Kentucky, born December 12, 1861, a son of John Hilton and Maria (Stinsifer) Perkins. The father was identified with the saddlery and harness manufacturing business during the entire active years of his life. He died in 1894, at the age of eighty-six, his wife having been called away four years previously, at the age of seventy-six years. They are buried in the Highland cemetery at Covington. The Perkins family is of English origin, the progenitor in America arriving on the western continent early in the history of the colonies. Israel Gilpon, great-grandfather of our subject on the maternal side, served in the patriot army at the time of the Revolutionary war and members of the family have been prominent at Philadelphia. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 257 Frank H. Perkins possessed advantages of education in the public schools of Covington and in the high school of that city, continuing his studies until eighteen years of age. He received his introduction to the saddlery and harness business with the Perkins-Campbell Company, beginning as errand boy and making himself generally useful until he showed a capacity that warranted advancement, being now vice president of the company. This business was established by his brothers Henry A. and William S. Perkins and B. W. Campbell, growing from year to year until it has become one of the large and flourishing concerns of Cincinnati. Mr. Perkins has done excellent service for this company and is recognized by his associates as a substantial factor in the promotion of the business interests of the city. On January 15, 1885, he was married, at Covington, to Miss Blanch Maybery, a daughter of John J. and Jane Maybery, the father being a retired farmer. Richard Maybery, the grandfather of Mrs. Perkins, was one of the pioneers of Covington. Politically Mr. Perkins is a stanch supporter of the democratic party but in local elections votes independently, being governed largely by the character of the candidates. Socially he is identified with Fort Mitchell Golf Club. By honorable business dealings and the exercise of genial personal qualities he has attracted many friends, who have always found him active, energetic and capable and worthy of their entire confidence. His home is at 170 East Second street, Covington, Kentucky.. ELMER I. KAIPER. Elmer I. Kaiper, of the firm of Charles Kaiper's Sons, owners of one of the oldest furniture factories in Cincinnati, was born in this city on the 4th of July, 1874, and is a son of Charles and Josephine Kaiper. The father, Charles Kaiper, came to Cincinnati in his boyhood and during the Civil war he was one of the defenders of the city. After the close of hostilities he opened a small upholstering shop and there followed his trade. Industrious and thrifty, he enlarged his business as he was able to extend the scope of his activities, until his enterprise was in every way a credit to the city. He embarked in this undertaking in 1870 and had succeeded in getting his business very well established at the time of his demise on the 14th of July, 1882, at the age of forty-nine years. He was interred in Spring Grove cemetery and there in 1900 his wife was laid beside him, her death having occurred after she had passed the sixty-fifth anniversary of her birth. Cincinnati has always been the home of Elmer I. Kaiper, who pursued his primary education in the public schools of this city. He subsequently pursued a commercial course in the Cincinnati Business College in order to qualify himself to become associated with his brothers in the conduct of the business founded by their father. They are all capable business men, having inherited the energy and perseverance which characterized their ancestors. Unremitting industry and intelligent supervision of their enterprise has enabled them to 258 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY develop their factory, located at the corner of John and Augusta streets, until during the busy season they employ one hundred and twenty-five people. This city was the scene of the marriage on the 4th of October, 190o, of Mr. Kaiper and Miss Helen Rust, a daughter of Dr. R. H. and Emma Rust. Her father, a well known Methodist minister, was the son of Dr. R. S. Rust, vice president of the Union Central Life Insurance Company, the family having been residents of this city for over seventy years. To Mr. and Mrs. Kaiper there has been born one daughter, Helen Rust, her natal day having been the 14th of December, 1901. Their home is situated at 1006 Lennox place, Avondale, where they own one of the prettiest residences of the vicinity. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kaiper affiliate with the Methodist church, and he is a governor of the Hamilton County Golf Club. Public-spirited, he is actively interested in the welfare and development of the city and holds membership in the Business Men's Club, giving his support and cooperation to the various movements they inaugurate for the advancement of civic interests. THOMAS S. HARLOW. The plumbing business in Cincinnati finds a worthy representative in Thomas S. Harlow. president of the Murdock Plumbing Company and one of the best known men in his line of business in southern Ohio. He was born August 25, 1855, at Florence, Boone county, Kentucky, also known as "Stringtown on the Pike," but has spent almost his entire life in this city. His parents were Michael and Mary Harlow. The ancestors of the Harlow family lived in the British Isles, the first progenitor in this country arriving in America in 1841. Michael Harlow came to Cincinnati with his family at the time of the Kirby Smith raid during the Civil war and later located on the Major Milliken farm in Butler county, Ohio, near Hamilton. He continued upon the farm until his death in March, 1869, at the age of thirty-eight years. His wife was called away December 31, 1908, at the age of seventy-three. The parents are both buried in the new St. Joseph cemetery on the family lot. Thomas S. Harlow was a member of a family of seven children and received his preliminary education in the district schools of Fairfield township, Butler county, laying aside his books at the age of twelve years. In March, 1869, he came with his mother to Cincinnati, who established her home with her children in this city. The son Thomas S. applied himself diligently and performed his full share toward assisting in the support of the family. He was employed by the East End Traction Company in 1870 and 1871. On May 6, 1872, he began an apprenticeship under John G. Murdock, a plumber, and continued with. Mr. Murdock until February, 1903, serving during a portion of this time as superintendent for the firm, which was one of the largest concerns of the kind in Cincinnati. Upon Mr. Murdock's retirement he turned over the business to Mr. Harlow and H. H. Murdock, who had been filling the position of secretary and treasurer. The business was originally established by Murdock & Lacy in 1858 and, as it has never since been discontinued, it is now the oldest plumbing establishment in the city. In 1872 Mr. Murdock and Mr. Lacy dis- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 259 solved partnership, Mr. Murdock carrying forward the work at the old stand. In 1908 the business was incorporated as the Murdock Plumbing Company, under which title it has since operated. Mr. Harlow has been very active and efficient in a work in which he has always shown the greatest interest and, therefore, has devoted to it his best thought and energy. He has superintended the installation of plumbing in many of the largest buildings of the city, including the Chamber of Commerce ; the Grand Opera House ; the American Book Company's building; the Pugh building, which is said to be the largest power house in the country ; and hundreds of others. He has also installed the plumbing in many of the most elegant private residences of the city. On the 11th of October, 1882, Mr. Harlow was married to Miss Nellie Sweeney, a daughter of Michael and Bridget Sweeney, for many years residents of Carrollton. As an evidence of the faithfulness of Mr. Harlow to his business it may be stated that during his entire experience of many years with the establishment of Mr. Murdock he missed only four days from his office and that was at the time of his marriage. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Harlow : James Campbell, a highly promising son, who was accidently drowned on decoration day in 1907, at the age of seventeen, and is buried in the new St. Joseph cemetery ; William A. and Thomas, both of whom are engaged in business with their father; and Clara, who resides at home. Mr. Harlow and his family occupy a comfortable residence which was erected by him at 2318 Kenton street. In religious belief he is a stanch adherent of the Catholic church and politically is identified with the democratic party. He takes a lively interest in the success of the party and has served as delegate at a number of state and county conventions. As indicated by the high class of work of which he has had direction, it is evident that he is thoroughly skilled in his business, and his reputation as a plumber is second to that of no other man in the country. His word is as good as his bond and he possesses the happy faculty of meeting the expectations of his patrons and making them his friends. Hence, he has from the beginning of his business career scored success and it is hardly necessary to say that he is a public-spirited man and is a citizen of whom any community might be proud. THOMAS BUTTERWORTH. Thomas Butterworth is grand secretary of the Grand Council of Ohio, Royal Arcanum, which position he has occupied since 1906. In that year the office of the grand secretary, following the election of Mr. Butterworth, was removed from Cleveland to Cincinnati and with unfaltering energy he has since devoted his attention to the duties that devolved upon him in this connection. He is a native of England, born in 1858, a son of Robert and Mary (Childs) Butterworth. In 1865 the family came to America, making their way at once to Cincinnati. In this city Thomas Butterworth attended the public schools and was a pupil in the first night high school of Cincinnati, from which he was graduated with the class of 1877. He then entered the employ of Perry & Morton who were then conducting a book store at the corner of Vine and Fourth 260 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY streets, where the Ingalls building now stands. He remained with that concern as salesman for five years, after which he entered the shoe manufacturing business. He was superintendent of one of the largest shoe manufactories in Cincinnati for twenty years and his ability and fidelity in that connection was indicated by his long retention in the position. When two decades had passed, however, he resigned to become grand secretary of the Ohio council of the Royal Arcanum. He has been a member of the order for a quarter of a century. The society was organized in Cincinnati in 1879 with a small list of charter members but now has over two thousand members in this city, and since that year they have distributed in death claims over one million dollars in this community and one hundred and forty-three millions throughout the entire order. Mr. Butterworth is also a member of the blue lodge of Masons and has taken the degrees of Capitular and Cryptic Masonry. He likewise belongs to the Knights of Pythias, to the Knights of Khorassan and to the Maccabees, and is in full sympathy with the fraternal purposes of these different organizations which inculcate the spirit of helpfulness as well as of mutual financial benefit. Mr. Butterworth was married in Cincinnati to Miss Mary Bagot, a native of this city and a daughter of James Bagot. They are now the parents of five children, Mary, who is a graduate of the Cincinnati University and now a teacher in the public schools ; Thomas J., Martha, Lester and Dorothy. Mr. Butterworth's long business experience well qualifies him for the duties that devolve upon him in his present connection. He is methodical and systematic and at the same time has the initiative spirit and executive power which enables him to formulate new plans and carry them forward to successful completion. JESSE REDMAN CLARK. With definite aim and unfaClarkg purpose, Jesse Redman Cla'rk has throughout his business career pushed forward to the goal of success with the result that he has aided materially in the establishment of one of the strongest insurance companies of the country and the second largest west of New York, the Union Central Life Insurance Company, of which he is now the president. Cincinnati numbers him among her native sons and is proud of his record. His parents were Davis W. and Mary J. (Redman) Clark, the latter a native of Trenton, New Jersey, and the former of Mount Desert, Maine. The father was well known as a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church, his labors contributing in large measure toward the upbuilding of his denomination in Ohio. Jesse R. Clark supplemented his early education by a course of study in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, from which he was graduated with the class of 1873. Throughout the intervening years he has been connected with the life insurance business and the steps in his orderly progression are easily discernible. He acted for some time in a clerical position in the offices of the Union Central Life Insurance Company and then his ability won him recognition in promotion to the position of cashier. Subsequently he became treasurer of the company and in 1906 was elected to the presidency. He thus passed on CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 263 to positions of executive control, bending his energies largely to organization, to constructive efforts and to administrative direction. Possessing broad, enlightened and liberal minded views, faith in himself and in the vast potentialities for development inherent in his country's wide domain, and specific needs along the distinctive line chosen for his life work, his has been an active career, in which he has accomplished important and far-reaching results, contributing in no small degree to the development of financial interests in Ohio and from which he himself has also derived substantial benefits. Today the company has assets amounting to eighty million dollars and its policies represent three hundred millions in insurance. Aside from his connection with the Union Central Mr. Clark is also a director of the First National Bank of Cincinnati. He is a member of the Association of Life Insurance Presidents of New York, and a member of the executive committee and on the board of managers. He was also deeply interested and active in the purchase of the site and the erection of the Chamber of Commerce building. In this city, in 1883, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Clark to Carrie Marqua, daughter of Philip J. Marqua. Their children are Jesse R., Jr., Augusta, Marianne, Philip Jerome and Roger. Mr. and Mrs. Clark are very prominent in social circles and are valued members of the Avondale Methodist Episcopal church. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and like all men of large affairs, he studies the political issues as bearing upon the business conditions and development of the country, yet does not seek nor desire office. He finds recreation and interest in his membership in the Commercial Club, the Business Men's Club, the Queen City Club, the Country Club and the Hamilton County Golf Club. In business hours he is an alert, enterprising man. who, cognizant of every detail, gives his attention to specific ideas and brings to every intricate problem involved a practical and correct solution. NATHANIEL PENDLETON DANDRIDGE, M. D. In his professional capacity Dr. Nathaniel Pendleton Dandridge remained an active worker in the world's work almost to the hour of his death, his last illness covering but a few days. He had gained distinction as a surgeon and he stood for all that is worthy and ideal in the profession. He diligently sought knowledge, developed his powers and gave his time and efforts conscientiously and systematically for the benefit of his fellowmen along professional lines, and with the exception of the brief periods devoted to study he was continuously a resident of Cincinnati from the time of his birth, which occurred in this city, April 16, 1846. The house in which he was born and that in which he passed away were within a stone's throw of each other. He traced his ancestry in direct line back to Governor Spottswoode, colonial governor of Virginia. His father was Dr. Alexander Spottswoode Dandridge, a distinguished physician of Cincinnati in the early days. His mother bore the maiden name of Martha Eliza Pendleton and was a sister of George H. Pendleton at one time United State senator from Ohio. The sisters of Dr. Dandridge were Miss Lena Dan- 264 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY dridge, Mrs. Lewis Irwin and Mrs. W. D. Warren, while another sister, Mrs. John M. Bowers, passed away in New York in 19o9. Youthful sports and the duties of the schoolroom largely occupied the boyhood days of Dr. Dandridge and when he had mastered the lessons taught in private schools he entered Kenyon College, from which he was graduated in 1866. Having determined to make the practice of medicine and surgery his life work he pursued a two years course in the Medical College of Ohio and afterward studied in the universities and hospitals of Paris and Vienna, receiving instruction from some of the eminent medical and surgical practitioners of the old world. Careful preparation thus thoroughly equipped him for the work which he undertook after his return to the United States. On again reaching New York, however, he entered the College of Physicians & Surgeons of that private schools he entered Kenyon College, from which he was graduated in surgery his special field of practice and was appointed pathologist to the Cincinnati Hospital in 1872. Eight years later he was chosen surgeon for that institution and in 188o also became professor of surgery in the Miami Medical College. Perhaps his deepest influence was on the young men who studied under him during his long service as an instructor in medicine. There was none who left him who had not only an endowment of learning in his profession but also a keen sense of professional ethics which only a man of great moral force can impart. In February, 1910, Dr. Dandridge resigned his chair in the medical college and his position as surgeon to the Cincinnati Hospital, whereupon Mayor Schwab appointed him a member of the medical board of directors of the Cincinnati Hospital. Dr. Dandridge was a frequent and valued contributor to the literature of his profession and above his signature were published articles in the leading medical papers of the country. He kept in touch with the advancing thought of the profession through his association with and membership in the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Southern and Gynecological Society and the Surgical Association. He was also an honorary fellow of the Academy of Surgery of Philadelphia. Outside the strict path of his profession Dr. Dandridge was well known in club circles where he was extremely popular. He belonged to the Queen City Club, the Country Club, the Cincinnati Golf Club and enjoyed his association with members of those organizations. Throughout his life he preserved his interest in his alma mater, Kenyon College, and for some years was one of its trustees. He was also a member of Alpha Delta Phi. The death of Dr. Dandridge occurred November 6, 1910. Later the Academy of Medicine in Cincinnati held a memorial service in his honor in which distinguished members of the profession of this city took part. Dr. Mitchell gave a brief review of his life ; Dr. Byron spoke of him "as a colleague ;" Dr. Dan Millikin "as a friend ;" Dr. J. C. Oliver "as a surgeon ;" Dr. A. B. Isham "as an executive ;" Dr. B. K. Rach ford "as a staff officer ;" Dr. Julius Eichburg "as a teacher ;" and Dr. C. R. Holmes "as an adviser." Other speakers were Rev. Nelson Elliott, H. Pendleton, attorney Colston and Drs. Tate, Griewe and Ransohoff, and this was the first occasion when the Academy of Medicine listened to addresses delivered by others than its members. One of the local papers said : "To anyone who knew Dr. Dandridge the term 'gentleman' assumed a CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 265 keener significance, and charity, courage and the other attributes which stand for a higher and better life became aglow with a new meaning. Dr. Dandridge was a physician trained in the greatest hospitals of this country and Europe and endowed by nature in the opinion of his colleagues with those qualities which make a great surgeon." BRAXTON W. CAMPBELL. None among the civilized countries has made such rapid progress in the field of invention and manufacture as has America. Her prominence in this regard is uniformly acknowledged and her reputation has been won by such companies as the Perkins-Campbell Company and other important industrial and manufacturing concerns, for the Perkins-Campbell Company is today the largest harness, riding saddle and horse collar manufactory in the world, the plant being located at Nos. 622-626 Broadway. Braxton W. Campbell was born in Kenton county, Kentucky, November 22, 1851. His life record, like that of every other man whose success has been honorably achieved, cannot fail to prove of interest as showing the methods that have been employed in the attainment of prosperity. At all times the course he has followed has been open and above-board and the secret of his success is found in close application, unwearied industry and unfaltering commercial integrity. His father, Morgan Campbell, was an early merchant tailor of Covington, and Braxton W. Campbell was reared in Boone county, Kentucky, his educational opportunities being those afforded by the public schools, with subsequently a course in the Morgan Academy of that county, which institution of learning was named in honor of his father, Morgan Campbell. In the year 1870, when a youth of nineteen years, Braxton W. Campbell came to Cincinnati and accepted a position as traveling salesman with Reinhart & Renner, confectioners. He later became traveling salesman for DeCamp, LeVoy & Company, saddlers, and thus his attention was directed toward the line of business in which he is now engaged. On the 1st of January, 1879, the present Perkins-Campbell Company had its origin, being established by H. A. Perkins, W. S. Perkins and Braxton W. Campbell. From the outset the new enterprise prospered, enjoying a gradual but substantial growth, and in 1892 it was incorporated. For five years after the inception of the business Mr. Campbell remained upon the road as traveling salesman and to the present time has had charge of the sales force. It was greatly due to his ability in this direction in the early years, when the goods of the house were being introduced, and later to his management of the sales department, that the company has gained its present measure of success. The company occupy their entire brick block, a building seven stories in height with basement, at Nos. 622-626 Broadway, together with two large brick buildings at the rear of their block, one of which is seven stories in height and the other four. They have altogether about ninety thousand square feet of floor space. The present officers of the company are : B. W. Campbell, president; F. H. Perkins, vice president ; H. E. DeCamp, treasurer ; and W. B. 266 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Campbell, secretary ; his original partners having retired from the business in July, 1905. They had all been connected with DeCamp, LeVoy & Company prior to the organization of the Perkins-Campbell Company, and were thus well trained through practical experience for the conduct of the business. The present buildings utilized by the company are equipped with modern machinery and their business extends throughout the United States, South America and foreign countries, while the growth of their trade makes their enterprise the largest manufactory of harness, riding saddles, horse collars, etc., in the world. Aside from his interest in the Perkins-Campbell Company Mr. Campbell is a director of the Cincinnati & Louisville Packet Company and director of the Cincinnati & Columbus Traction Company. He is widely recognized as a man of resourceful business ability and in his vocabulary there is no such word as fail. He recognizes the fact that determination and energy are the basis of success, and his labors have at all times been actuated by sound judgment that has led to the gratifying growth of the business. Mr. Campbell has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Ada De Garmo, who died in Covington, Kentucky, and later he wedded her sister, Miss Hattie De Garmo. By this marriage there are two children ; Wendell B. and Milton D. Mr. Campbell is well known in Masonic circles, holding membership with the blue lodge, the chapter, the commandery and the consistory. His sons are also thirty-second degree Masons and members of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Campbell exemplifies in his life the beneficent spirit of the craft, which recognizes the brotherhood of mankind. In all of his business career there has never been anything of the overbearing taskmaster in him. He has himself worked up from the ranks and is ever willing to extend a helping hand to others who are attempting similar endeavor. He is quick to recognize marked ability and faithfulness on the part of his employes and to award it by promotion as opportunity favors. He enjoys the confidence and good will of colleagues and business associates, and those whom he meets socially also entertain for him a warm regard. E. GUSTAV ZINKE, M. D. Among the distinguished physicians and surgeons of Cincinnati should be named Dr. E. Gustav Zinke, who has been in active practice in this city for more than thirty-six years and long since reached the front rank in his profession. He was born in Spremberg, Province of Brandenburg, Germany, May 29, 1846, a son of Ernest W. and Amelia (Martin) Zinke. The father was a boot and shoe merchant and died in 1874 at Gorlitz, Silesia, Germany, at the age of fifty-nine years, the mother passing away in the same place in 1894 at the age of seventy-three. Dr. Zinke was the second in order of birth in a family of seven children. He received his preliminary education in the common schools of Gorlitz and at the age of sixteen entered the Prussian navy, in which he served for eight years. During this time he visited most of the important seaports of the world and was several times promoted for efficiency. He was present on board one CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 269 of the vessels at the time of the opening of the Suez canal, November 29, 1869. Shortly afterwards the ship was ordered to South America, where some of the crew contracted yellow fever, in consequence of which the vessel was sent north. While off the coast of the United States the subject of this review decided to take "French leave" and carried out this intention soon after the ship arrived at the port of New York. He proceeded to Virden, Illinois, where he spent two years working on a farm, also attending school and teaching the German language. In 1872 he began the study of medicine under Dr. Fountain Jones, a homeopathist of Girard, Illinois, and six months later entered the office of Dr. J. R. Mitchell, a physician of the regular school in the same town. He matriculated at the Medical College of Ohio in the fall of 1873 and was graduated in 1875 with the degree of M. D. He began practice at Cincinnati, where he has ever since continued, and retained his connection with his alma mater, serving first in the capacity of assistant to the chair of ophthalmology and otology under Professor W. W. Seely ; also as prosector to the chair of anatomy under Professor P. S. Conner ; and as assistant to the chair of obstetrics and gynecology. When the occupant of that chair, Professor C. D. Palmer, met with a serious accident which disabled him for a number of months, Dr. Zinke very acceptably filled the position. Upon the return of Dr. Palmer to his duties Dr. Zinke, as a reward for his services, was appointed adjunct professor of obstetrics and clinical midwifery, an office created especially for him. He successfully inaugurated the outdoor obstetrical clinic of the Medical College of Ohio and under his management this clinic became one of the most important in the college. He also devoted considerable time to organizing and establishing the German Protestant Hospital and became a member of its board of managers and president of its medical staff. He was also placed in charge of the wards devoted to. the diseases of women and midwifery in this institution. He has served with great credit as consulting gynecologist to the Presbyterian Hospital and the Woman's Medical College. He has been very active in connection with medical organizations and has filled the following offices : president of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine ; president of the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society ; first vice president of the Ohio State Medical Society ; president of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecology ; and fellow Of the Southern Surgical & Gynecological Association. He is a member of the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society, the British Gynecological Association and many other professional organizations. Notwithstanding his arduous duties, he has found time for literary work and has contributed many articles to medical reviews and magazines on topics of special interest to physicians and surgeons. In the list of his contributions may be named : Gliosarcoma of the Eyeball. (The Cincinnati Clinic, August 21, 1875, page 87, 3vo. pages) ; Emmet's Operation—When Shall It and When Shall It Not be Performed ?; The Use of Chloroform During Labor; The Treatment of Hemorrhoids by Carbolic Acid Injections ; Puerperal Fever and the Early Employment of Antiseptic Vaginal Injections ; Gastro Elytrotomy and the Porro Operation vs. The Saenger Method of Performing Csarean Section ; Varieties and Causes of Extra Uterine Pregnancy; A. Plea for the Teaching of Practical Midwifery and the Education of Midwives (President's Address) (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. XX, June, 1887, 9vo. pages) ; Csarean Section, with Report of a Case, and a 270 - CINCINNATI-THE QUEEN CITY Full Description of the "Saenger Operation" Journal of the American Medical Association, April 7, 1888, 34vo. pages) ; Menstruation: Its Anatomy, Physiology, and Relation to Ovulation (American Journal of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women and Children, Vol. XXIV, November 7, 1891, 14vo. pages) ; A Few Practical Points Concerning the Repair of the Perineum (Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, January 2, 1892, 8vo. pages) ; The Improved Caesarean Operation-When and How to Perform It (Trans. Ohio State Medical Association, May 5, 1892, 23vo. pages) ; Symphyseotomy vs. Embryotomy Upon the Living Fetus-A Tabulated Record of 389 Symphyseotomies Performed from 1777 to 1894 (Ohio Medical Journal, April, May and June, 1895, 65vo. pages) ; The Outdoor Obstetrical Clinic-A Guide for the Student (published by E. Gustav Zinke, Cincinnati, 1900, 136vo. pages) ; Diagnosis of the Attitude of the Fetus in Utero by External Examination (Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, July 14, 1900, 6vo, pages); The Practice of Obstetrics (The Journal of the American Medical Association, September 7, 1901, 10vo. pages) ; Is Cæarean Section Justifiable in the Treatment of Placenta Previa? (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. XLIV, November 5, 1901, 16vo. pages) ; A Case of Extra and Intrauterine Pregnancy, with Tabulated Record of Eighty-eight Cases (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. XLV, November 5, 1902, 24v0. pages) ; The Limitations of Cæsarean Section (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. XLVIII, November 5, 1903, 8vo. pages) ; The Work of Downes' Electro-Thermic Angiotribe, etc. (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. XLVIII, November 4, 1903, 8vo. pages) ; The Relative Value of the Means and Methods Employed in Accouchement Force (Trans. American Association of Obstetrics and Gynecology at St. Louis, Missouri, September 13-16, 1904, 20vo. pages) ; Report of Thirteen Cases of Scopolamine-Morphia-Chloroform Narcosis (Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, November 4, 1905, 4vo. pages) ; The University an Important Factor in the Community (Valedictory Address) (Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, July, 1905, 4vo. pages) ; The Treatment of Puerperal Eclampsia (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. LIII, November 2, 1906, 9vo. pages) ; A Case of Subperitoneo-pelvic Fibroid Compli- eating a Four Months' Pregnancy-Hysterectomy, Enucleation of Fibroid, Secondary Hemorrhage One Week After the Operation, Pelvic Abscess, Recto-vaginal Fistula, Recovery (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. LVI, November 5, 1907, 8vo. pages) ; The Mortality and Morbidity of Child-Bearing Women Could be Reduced to a Minimum if Maternity Hospitals were More in Favor with the Profession and the Laity (Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, July 18, 1908, 7vo. pages) ; Solving the Problem of Obstetrics (American Journal of Obstetrics, Vol. LVIII, November 5, 1908, 16vo. pages) ; Hebosteotomy vs. Cæsarean Section, When the Latter is Only Relatively Indicated in Cases of Narrow Pelvis (Cincinnati Lancet-Clinic, August 14, 1909, 5vo. pages) ; Veratrum Viridi in the Treatment of Puerperal Eclampsia with an Analysis of Ninety Cases (Trans. American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 191o, 18vo. pages) ; Diagnosis of Ectopic Gestation-When and When Not to Operate (Trans. Southern Surgical & Gynecological Association, 1910, 9vo. pages). In January, 1893, Dr. Zinke performed the first successful Caesarean section in Cincinnati, saving the lives of both mother and child, and in May of the same year he performed the first successful symphyseotomy in the state of Ohio. saving the lives of both mother and child. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 271 On the 26th of March, 1879, Dr. Zinke was married to Miss Clara Von Seggern, eldest daughter of Chris Von Seggern, a well known lawyer of Cincinnati. Two children came to bless this union : Stanley G., who was born August 25. 188o; and Edna A., born November 29, 1883. Stanley G. Zinke was graduated from the Medical College of Ohio in 1902 and served as interne at the Good Samaritan and Cincinnati Hospitals, the positions being secured by competitive examination. In 1891 Dr. Zinke with his family went abroad for six months, visiting Paris, Vienna, Berlin and other principal cities of Europe. He and his wife are consistent members of St. John's Lutheran church. Fraternally he is connected with the Masonic order and has taken the degrees of the blue lodge, chapter and Scottish Rite. His political allegiance was formerly given to the republican party but he is now an independent voter. The reputation he has gained in a difficult and trying profession is not the result of luck or chance. It was reached through many years of the closest study and application and the honors which have come to him have been fully merited. It is a long step from a sailor lad of sixteen to a leading position among the physicians of one of the great cities of America, but the step has been made by Dr. Zinke and is a striking evidence of the power of wisely directed ambition. TALTON EMBRY. For thirty years Talton Embry has been engaged in the live-stock commission business at Cincinnati and during a large part of that time has been a member of the firm of Greene, Embry & Company, one of the leading commission firms at the Union Stock Yards. Having applied himself closely and faithfuly to his calling, he has made a success of it and now enjoys the results of many years of wisely applied effort. Born on a farm in Madison county, Kentucky, June 5, 1861, he is a son of Talton Embry, who was for many years a prominent farmer and live-stock man of his section. Reared on the home farm, Mr. Embry, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, came to Cincinnati in 1881, having decided to devote his attention to the live-stock business. He soon found employment and in the course of a few years became well acquainted with the Cincinnati market and its possibilities. He is not a man to remain long in a subordinate capacity and in 1885 he associated with Thomas M. Greene in the organization of the firm of Greene. Embry & Company, which has ever since that time been in business with headquarters at this point. This concern is now one of the old and well established live-stock commission firms of Cincinnati and can claim patrons in all the states tributary to this market. Branch houses are also maintained by the firm in Evansville, Indiana, under the name of the Bourbon Cimmission Company ; at Jersey City, New Jersey, under the title of the Kern Commission Company ; and branches are also maintained at Dayton, Ohio, and Peoria, Illinois. While Mr. Embry has given his attention chiefly to the live-stock business, he is also active in other directions. He has served as vice president of the Stock Yards Bank & Trust Company since its organization in 1906 and is also a member of the board of directors of the Cincinnati Abattoir Company, one of the great 272 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY corporations of the city. He is a man of good judgment and his advice is often sought by associates in regard to business affairs, his opinions having great weight with all who know him. In 1896 Mr. Embry was married, at Fort Worth, Texas, to Miss Susan Higbee, and they have one son, Higbee. Their home is in the beautiful suburb of Avondale. Mr. Embry has confined his attention to business, never allowing his energies to be dissipated in other directions, and is recognized as one of the best informed men in his line in the Cincinnati market. His enterprise and ability are manifest in the success that has crowned his efforts and the prosperity he has attained gives assurance of further advancement in the same direction in the future. Fraternally he is connected with the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He is also a member of the Business Men's Club, the Chamber of Commerce of Cincinnati and the Hamilton County Golf Club. RAPHAEL PEDRETTI. Among the artists and interior decorators of the west Raphael Pedretti is one of the best known. He has engaged in the business in Cincinnati for more than thirty years and on account of the originality of his designs and his skill in execution has gained an enviable reputation, being also successful in a gratifying degree financially. He is a native of Cincinnati, born of Italian parentage, September 27, 1860, his father being Francis Pedretti, the pioneer artist and interior decorator of Cincinnati. Mr. Pedretti of this review spent his early boyhood days on Price Hill, Cincinnati, and in 1870 moved with his parents to Clifton. He attended the local primary schools and the second intermediate school, gaining the rudiments of an education to which he has largely added in the years that have passed. In 1876 he went to Milan, Italy, and devoted four year to the study of art under some of the greatest masters in Europe. After returning to Cincinnati he engaged as a partner with his father for several years until the retirement of the latter. In 1887 he formed a partnership with his brother Charles A., this association continuing until 1905, when it was dissolved. Mr. Pedretti conducted his business alone until 1911, when he took his son Francis C. into the firm under the title of Raphael Pedretti & Son, which has since continued. They do the highest class of artistic interior decorating, both plain and ornamental, and have beautified many private residences and a number of larger buildings, such as schools, music halls, theaters, public buildings, state capitol buildings, etc. In the list may be mentioned : the Memorial Hall of Cincinnati; the courthouse at Paris, Kentucky ; the capitol at Columbus, Ohio ; the capitol at Helena, Montana ; the county building at Bloomington, Illinois ; and many beautiful homes in Cincinnati and other cities. Some of the important work of Mr. Pedretti which has attracted general attention was done while he was in partnership with his brother, From 1886, when the partnership was formed, until 1901 they occupied offices and studio in the old Second National Bank building. In 1901 they moved into their own building, a two story brick structure at No. 10 West Ninth street, where Mr. Pedretti has since continued. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 273 In 1889, at Milan, Italy, Mr. Pedretti married Miss Ubanina Fiocchi, a native of that city, whom he first met while a student in Italy. They have five children, Francis C., Albert G., Emily V., Marguerite H., and Raphael, Jr. Mr. Pedretti is a member of the Cincinnati Business Men's Club. He has paid little attention to politics, his time and energy being devoted to his life work, in which he takes great pleasure, as he is by birth, inclination and education an artist. He has been unusually successful in his vocation and his ambition of earlier years has very largely been realized, as he possesses home, friends and a competency, in addition to which he has built up a reputation as one of the most gifted interior decorators in America. HORACE J. WHITACRE, M. D. Among the prominent and successful professional men of Cincinnati is Dr. H. J. Whitacre, who is regarded as one of the leading surgeons of the city. This high position he has gained through years of close and conscientious application, having also been endowed with special ability that early gave indications of great promise. He is a native of Morrow, Ohio, and was born October 10, 1869, his father being a prominent coal and lumber man and a farmer. H. J. Whitacre, of this review, was reared on the home farm and attended the local schools, later becoming a student of the Morrow high school. He graduated from the local high school and entered the preparatory school of the Ohio State University. After taking the necessary course of study he matriculated in the university, from which he was graduated in 1891 with the degree of B.S. He then entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York city, graduating with the degree of M.D. in 1894. He spent a year each in the New York Hospital and. the New York Lying-in Hospital, and in 1896 came to Cincinnati and opened an office, soon gaining recognition as one of the promising surgeons of the city. In 1900 he visited many of the leading hospitals of Europe and in the course of his stay abroad gained many ideas that he has been able to apply to great practical advantage. He is senior surgeon to the Cincinnati Hospital and is also surgeon to Christ Hospital and consulting surgeon to Speer's Hospital. He is actively associated with various medical organizations and is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Cincinnati Research Society, the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society, the Ohio State Medical Association, the American Medical Association, and also holds membership in the Ohio Valley Medical Society, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society and the Southern Surgical Society. Although the demands of a large practice require his attention many hours each day he has found time to keep in touch with the various medical organizations and also to add to the store of his knowledge from a large and carefully selected library of which he is justly proud. He is alert to all the developments in surgery in Europe and America and is open and receptive to new ideas from whatever source they may come. Essentially a man of action, he is prompt in his decisions and fearless in procedure when his judgment tells him that he is right. 274 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY The large number of successful operations he has performed is proof of his rare judgment and skill. In 1897 Dr. Whitacre was married to Miss Grace Sotildo, of Morrow, Ohio, and they have three children : Clement ; Richard ; and Marjorie. He is a member of the Masonic order and his religious faith is indicated by membership in the Friends church, whose kindly and beneficent teachings have had a pronounced effect in shaping his life. After fifteen years of practice he finds himself fully established, his reputation having extended throughout southern Ohio and into the neighboring states of Kentucky and Indiana. The future gives promise of yet greater achievements. His office is at 22 West Seventh street. S. M. COOPER. Among those who have been prominently identified with the development of Cincinnati must be mentioned S. M. Cooper, who has been engaged in the real-estate business in this city for over twenty years. He is a native of Pennsylvania, his birth having occurred in Washington county on the 23d of April, 1858. His parents, Lemuel Y. and Anne Cooper, returned to Licking county, Ohio, in 1865, locating upon a farm in the cultivation of which the father thereafter engaged. S. M. Cooper was a lad of seven years when his parents removed from Pennsylvania, where he began his education which was continued in the district schools in the vicinity of the farm, where he spent his boyhood. He subsequently attended the normal school at Utica, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1880. Being desirous of obtaining a collegiate education, he then engaged in teaching for a time, thus acquiring the means necessary to enable him to study further. He matriculated at Bethany College, Bethany, West Virginia, from which institution he was graduated in 1886. Having decided to enter the ministry, he accepted a call from the Christian church on Onondaga street, Syracuse, New York, where he remained for one year. As his alma mater was much in need of financial aid, at the earnest solicitation of the president he withdrew from his charge to accept the position of financial secretary of Bethany College. That he was qualified for the work is attested by the fact that after traveling for three years he lifted the debt of the school, added fifty thousand dollars to the permaneht endowment fund and trebled the number of pupils. Having awakened to a realization of his business ability, and believing that he could do fully as much for humanity as a layman as he could from the pulpit, he came to Cincinnati and engaged in the real-estate business, opening his office in July, 1890. He has ever since continued in this, having done a great deal of building on his own account, employing during the greater part of the time the last few years four hundred workmen. Despite the exactions made upon his time and strength by the demands of his business, Mr. Cooper has always found ample leisure and opportunity to assist in Christian and other benevolent work. The cause of humanity and the burden of his fellowmen have always interested him, and his support and hearty cooperation are accorded every movement for the betterment of society, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 277 spiritually, morally or intellectually. His sympathy and appreciation of conditions and desire to alleviate them, united with his business ability, have made him a most valuable aid both as an organizer and executive. For ten years he was treasurer of The Foreign Christian Missionary Society, and has been president of the board of trustees of The American Christian Missionary Society and chairman of the finance committee for about twelve years. He is also a director of the Young Men's Christian Association of Cincinnati and corresponding secretary of the board. Mr. Cooper is very much interested in social and economic questions, of which he has made a close study, and quite frequently delivers lectures on these subjects before college and chautauqua audiences. In 1884 Mr. Cooper was united in marriage to Miss Ella I. Harvuot of Ashland county, Ohio, and to them have been born two daughters, Virginia May and Mildred Elvira. Both of the young ladies were graduated from the Thane-Miller School for Girls of Cincinnati, and Miss Mildred is an alumna of National Park Seminary, Washington, D. C. The family live in East Walnut Hills, having a very pleasant residence at the southwest corner of Dexter avenue and Dexter place. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cooper and their daughters affiliate with the Christian church, in the work of which they take an active and helpful interest. He is recognized as one of the capable business men of the city, whose high ideals of the responsibility of citizenship make his indorsement of any movement being promoted for the improvement of local conditions a strong factor in favor of its adoption. J. H. LANDIS, M. D. The position of health officer of Cincinnati is one of great responsibility, but in the opinion of competent authorities it is ably and successfully filled by the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch. A leading physician of the city, he accepted the office at the solicitation of his friends, knowing that it would involve a personal financial loss, but, professionthers in the noble profeSsion which he represents, he was impelled by a sense of patriotism to perform what appeared to be a duty. He is a native of Millville, Butler county, Ohio, born October 10, 1860, and is a son of Dr. Abraham H. and Mary (Kumler) Landis. The father was a graduate of the Ohio Medical College in the class of 1849. He served as surgeon in the Union army at the time of the Civil war and was severely wounded while on a skirmish line at the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. Owing to the injuries received in the service of his country he was unable to resume his profession after the war. He died at Logansport, Indiana, in Noveinber, 1894. Dr. Landis of this review was reared in Millville, Butler county, until he reached the age of about eight years and then, in 1868, removed with his parents to Sevenmile, which is in the same county, the family removing again in 1874 to Logansport, Indiana. He was graduated from the Logansport high school in 1879. For several years he was connected with the postoffice at Logansport and also became an employe of the United States railway mail service. How- Vol. III-13 278 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY ever, he had decided to devote his attention to the healing art and in 1887 entered the Medical College of Ohio, from which he was graduated in the spring of 1890, forty-one years after his father had graduated at the same institution. He at once began practice in Cincinnati and as years passed gained standing as a leader in his profession. He is now filling the. chair of professor of hygiene in the Ohio-Miami Medical College and is also visiting physician to St. Mary's Hospital. Since January I, 1910, he has served by appointment of the Cincinnati board of health as health officer of this city. His management of the office has been eminently businesslike and just. Under his direction the affairs of the department have been competently managed and the health of the city has never been more carefully safeguarded than it is at the present time. He holds membership in the leading medical societies, among which may be named the American Medical Association, the American Public Health Association, the Ohio State Medical Association, the Mississippi Valley Medical Association, the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society and the American and British Societies for the Study of Inebriety. He has held a number of important offices in these organizations and is now president of the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society and secretary of the section on hygiene and sanitation of the Ohio State Medical Association. In 1894 Dr. Landis was married at Cincinnati, to Miss Daisy Graham, a daughter of David B. Graham, who was a prominent attorney of Logansport bu is now deceased. One child, Mary, has been born to this union. Dr. Landis is recognized as a man of integrity, moral worth and uncommon enthusiasm, enterprise and industry. .His honesty and genuineness of purpose are unquestioned and his frank and conciliatory manner as a public officer disarms criticism. As a student he is never satisfied until he arrives at the truth and in all the relations of life he represents those qualities which characterize the well rounded American citizen. THE R. A. BECKER VARNISH COMPANY. The R. A. Becker Varnish Company was founded in 1889 by Richard Becker on the location its office and factory now stand, at the corner of Harrison avenue and Girard street, Cincinnati. It began in modest quarters but under excellent management soon gave evidence of good staying qualities and as time advanced gained substantial recognition from a growing patronage. Today the company occupies a handsome brick building, one hundred feet front and extending back one hundred feet. It is provided with all modern facilities for manufacturing and handling a large line of varnishes and Japans, which have an extensive sale throughout the country. Richard Becker is a native of Ireland and was born November 2, 1861, being a son of Thomas and Rosetta (Plunkett) Becker. The father crossed the ocean with his family to the new world in 1866 and located in Cincinnati. He is a man of good education and for many years engaged in bookkeeping in this city. He is still active in mind and body, although past seventy-six years of age. The son Richard attended the public schools of this city and the old Resor Academy CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 279 in Clifton. After laying his school books aside he was for a year office boy in the law office of Thomas A. Lane, and then entered the employ of William Randle, one of the pioneer manufacturers of paint in Cincinnati, who began business on Pearl street as early as 1830. Mr. Becker continued as a clerk under Mr. Randle for three years and then went to New York city, where he engaged in manufacturing for a short time. Returning to Cincinnati, he was placed in charge of the manufacturing department of the Hammer Paint Company, continuing with this firm from 1881 to 1882. In the latter year, with a Mr. Carter as partner, Mr. Becker opened a small place of his own, but this business did not prove successful and he returned to the employ of Mr. Randle. In 1889 he established his present business, which is now a partnership concern, his brother Lawrence being his associate. Thomas Becker, the father, was identified with the business for some time but disposed of his interest in 1909. In 1889, at Cincinnati, Mr. Becker was united in marriage to Miss Lida Randle, a daughter of William Randle, and they have three children, William Randle, Elliott Dallon and Lida Jeannette. The older son is with his father in business. Mr. Becker is a man of large practical experience and by application of principles of strict integrity and reliability he and those with whom he is associated have developed a business which yields a handsome annual revenue. The superior quality of materials handled by the company has gained for it an enviable reputation wherever its products are used and the name of The R. A. Becker Varnish Company is accepted as a synonym for reliability and straightforward dealing. Mr. Becker devotes his entire time and energies to the management of the business and enjoys the well deserved respect and esteem of all who know him. H. C. CRAGG, M. D. Dr. H. C. Cragg, physician and surgeon, making a specialty of internal medicine, occupies a finely appointed suite of rooms, including Nos. 306, 307 and 308 Lyric Theater building. While not a native of Cincinnati, he is a product of Hamilton county, having been born at Groesbeck, in Colerain township, in 1869. His father, Richard H. Cragg, who has now departed this life, was a prominent farmer of Colerain township, where he located about the time of the close of the Civil war. He had served in the struggle between the north and the south in defense of the Union and prior to that time had been a resident of Cincinnati. Dr. Cragg was reared upon his father's farm and the early experiences and environment of farm life were his. After attending the district schools of Colerain township he became a pupil in the high school at Mount Healthy and finished his more specifically literary course at Dr. Holbrook's famous normal university at Lebanon, Ohio. He then engaged in teaching school in Hamilton county for several years, after which he became a clerk in the Cincinnati post-office. While thus employed he devoted his leisure hours to the study of medicine, which he pursued in the Miami Medical College, which has lately been merged with the Ohio Medical College, forming the Medical College of Ohio and 280 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY becoming the medical department of the University of Cincinnati. Dr. Cragg was graduated with the class of 1901 and has since then been successfully practicing his profession in this city. He opened his first office in 1901, at No. 9 Garfield place, where he still resides. In 1908 he removed to an elegant suite of rooms in the Lyric Theater building and in his practice makes a specialty of internal medicine. July 11, 1900, Dr. Cragg was married to Miss Florence E. Ware, of Cincinnati, and in the social circles in which they move they are warmly received. Dr. Cragg is prominent in fraternal circles. He is past chancellor of Crescent Lodge, No. 42, K. P., and is also a Mason. He is likewise a member of the Improved Order of Red Men, of the Knights of the Maccabees, the Woodmen of the World, the Tribe of Ben Hur and the Modern Woodmen of America. He acts as medical examiner for each of these fraternal insurance bodies and is also medical examiner for the National Protective Legion and the Aetna Life Insurance Company. His attention, however, is most largely given to his professional duties and he keeps in touch with the advanced thought of the medical fraternity through his membership in the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Alumni Society of the Miami Medical College. JULIUS BAER. There are few branches of business that have shown greater development during the last twenty or twenty-five years than that of the florist. The facilities for handling plants and flowers have been greatly improved and the popular taste has been cultivated to an extent not known previously. Many beautiful displays have contributed to enhance the interest in flowers and the business has grown in importance far beyond the expectations of many of its best friends. Julius Baer is recognized as one of the leading florists of Cincinnati. His store at 138 to 140 East Fourth street is in the heart of the down town district and is the best known of the kind in the city. Julius Baer is a native of Madison, Indiana, born June 5, 1867. After leaving school he came to Cincinnati and secured employment in the floral business, which he studied intelligently in all its departments, gaining a knowledge of plants and flowers and of the wants of the public which he has since utilized to practical advantage. In 1890 he began selling cut flowers on a modest scale at 116 East Fourth street, in the same block in which his store is now located. He proved to be a good manager and, it becoming necessary to secure larger quarters, he moved after six years to 136 East Fourth street. His business continued to grow and in February, 1904, he moved to his present location in a building which is commodious, well lighted and thoroughly adapted for handling plants and flowers expeditiously and satisfactorily. He retails cut flowers and plants and makes a specialty of decorations for receptions, parties, balls, etc., also of set pieces and designs for funerals and other occasions. He has devoted his best thought and energies to his calling and he receives well merited recompense. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 281 In 1897 Mr. Baer was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Bernard. Two children have come to brighten their home, Joseph Lee and Ernest Bernard. Mr. Baer started in his business life as a boy with a laudable desire to win success and an honorable standing. He has steadily persevered, often in the face of grave discouragements, but he never yielded to obstacles and he now sees the results of his labors in the best conducted and most flourishing retail floral establishment of this city. He is a public-spirited and genial gentleman and his record is one of which his friends may justly be proud. He is an active worker in the Business Men's Club and is also a valued member of the Cincinnati Club. GEORGE A. FACKLER, M. D. Dr. George A. Fackler, after taking the usual course of instruction in the public schools, entered Woodward high school, from which he was graduated in 1878, being then seventeen years of age. In the fall of the same year he matriculated in the Medical College of Ohio, graduating with the degree of M. D. in 1881, being then not quite twenty years old. He immediately entered upon the practice of medicine at No. 35 Everett street, but is now located at 108 Garfield place. From the start he showed an interest in his profession that gave bright promise as to his future, and he soon attracted a lucrative clientage. However, feeling the importance of further study, he went abroad in May, 1893, and engaged in hospital laboratory work during the summer and fall of that year, spending five weeks at Brompton Hospital, London, England, and six weeks in the celebrated Pharmacological Institute at Strassburg, Germany. He also visited the various hospitals of Berlin and Munich and came into personal contact with many of the greatest physicians and surgeons of Europe. After returning home he devoted his attention to his profession with renewed interest, and has since limited his practice to that of internal medicine. His abilities early received recognition and, in 1885, he was appointed assistant to the chair of materia-medica and therapeutics in the Medical College of Ohio. This office he resigned in 1891 to accept the professorship of the same branches in the Women's Medical College of Cincinnati. He was elected dean of that institution in 1891. The college is now out of existence. On January 1, 1893, he was appointed professor of materia-medica in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, a college which has also passed out of existence. He was professor of clinical medicine of the Miami Medical College until the merging of this with the Ohio Medical College. He is now professor of clinical medicine at the Ohio-Miami Medical College and is also a member of the staff of the City Hospital, having served as president of the staff for ten years, from 1900 to 1910. He has been a member of the Cincinnati Board of Health since its organization in August, 1909, and in the discharge of all his duties has shown a promptness and efficiency that have met the hearty approval of his associates. He is a valued member of various organizations, among which may be named the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, the Ohio State Medical Association and the American Medical Association. He was elected secretary of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati in 1884, a position which he filled for six years, and 282 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY in 1892 was elected president of the academy. He was then only thirty-one years of age, being the youngest man who ever held that office. He served in 1889 as secretary of the medical section of the American Medical Association and has always taken a great interest in this organization and in all other means for promoting the efficiency of members of the profession. On the 2d of January, 1884, Dr. Fackler was married to Miss Amelia Von Seggern. He has won distinction in his profession through years of patient study and application, being known not only as a highly successful practitioner but as a thorough teacher and a man of practical business qualifications, as is shown by the responsible positions he has been invited to fill. Judged by results, his life has been a pronounced success and he may be truly designated as among the most capable and progressive representatives of the medical profession in Cincinnati. WILLIAM ALEXANDER McCALL. As a representative of the wholesale hardware trade of Cincinnati, William Alexander McCall became well known and his life history is an illustration of the fact that the high road to success is open to all and that the goal may ultimately be reached if the individual does not halt nor pause by the wayside, deterred by the difficulties and obstacles which every one must face. Persistent purpose and laudable ambition enabled Mr. McCall to overcome all such disadvantages and gain for himself a leading position in the trade circles of the city. He was born in Philadelphia in 1831, a son of James and Maria (Walker) McCall, who remained in Philadelphia, the father's death occurring in Philadelphia about 1845, leaving the widowed mother and two sisters. In the public schools of the former city William A. McCall pursued his education to the age of sixteen years, when he came to Cincinnati and at once entered business life, his initial labors in the commercial field being in the wholesale hardware house of J. P. Booth. His honesty, reliability and rapidly developing business power won him the favorable regard and friendship of Mr. Booth, who recommended him to his successor when he sold out to E. G. Leonard. Some time afterward Mr. Leonard failed and Mr. McCall then continued the business, admitting to partnership Nathaniel P. Bartlett under the firm name of the W. A. McCall Company. Their wholesale hardware establishment was located at the southwest corner of Pearl and Walnut streets and the partnership was continued uninterruptedly until 1884, when Mr. Bartlett died. Mr. McCall then purchased the interest of his partner's widow and continued the business alone until he retired a few years later. From the time when he started out independently his rise was continuous and his adaptability enabled him to meet the demands of the moment and use every opportunity for the substantial expansion of his business. Mr. McCall was twice married. In 1861 he wedded Miss Sallie J. Peters, a daughter of Jeremy and Joanna Peters. For his second wife he chose Mary Andrews, a daughter of William W. and Mary A. Andrews, this marriage occurring in 1909. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 285 Mr. McCall voted with the republican party. Grace church of Avondale numbered him among its active and helpful members and a short time prior to his death the Humane Society elected him one of its honorary members. This fact alone is indicative of his character and of the value of his services along lines which tend to promote humanitarianism and advance a higher civilization. He passed away September 9, 1909, thus ending a life of activity, usefulness and honor, but his influence for good is yet felt among those who were his associates and his memory inspires to nobler deeds and higher living. HON. L. J. HACKNEY. Hon. L. J. Hackney, general counsel for the Big Four Railroad, with Main offices in the Big Four office building in Cincinnati, has in a professional capacity been connected with this road since 1876 save for a period of eleven years, from 1888 until 1899, when he was on the circuit bench and on the supreme bench of Indiana. The ability and fidelity which he displayed in the discharge of his judicial duties won him high encomiums from his fellowmen and over the record of his public service there falls no shadow of wrong. His advancement to the position of general counsel of the Big Four Railroad is also indicative of his high standing as, a member of the bar, for the legal interests involved in the management and control of a large railroad system are often most complex and intricate. Judge Hackney is a native of Indiana, his birth having occurred in Edinburg, Johnson county, on the 29th of March, 1855. After attending the public schools of his native village he took up the study of law in Shelbyville, Indiana, with Hord & Blair, leading members of the bar at that place, as his preceptors. At length he was admitted to practice in the courts of the state and in 1874 opened an office at Kokomo, where he formed A. partnership with John W. Kern, who is now United States senator from Indiana. In 1876 he removed to Indianapolis, where he joined the law firm of Baker, Hord & Hendricks, the senior partner being an ex-governor of the state, while Mr. Hendricks was at that time the chief executive of Indiana and afterward became vice president of the United States. In September, 1876, however, Judge Hackney returned to Shelbyville to engage in the general practice of law and there became local attorney for the Indianapolis, Cincinnati & Lafayette Railroad, which afterward became a part of the Big Four system. To his duties in that connection and to the demands of a growing private practice he devoted his energies until 1888, when he was elected circuit judge at Shelbyville, remaining upon the bench until January, 1893. In the fall of 1892 he had been elected a member of the supreme court of the state and removed to Indianapolis, serving as a representative of the chief tribunal of Indiana until January, 1899. Devotedly attached to his profession, systematic and methodical in habit, sober and discreet in judgment, calm in temper, diligent in research, conscientious in the discharge of every duty, courteous and kind in demeanor and inflexibly just on all occasions, these qualities enabled him to take first rank among those who held the highest judicial office in the state and made him the conservator of that justice wherein is the 286 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY safeguard of individual liberty and happiness and the defense of our national institutions. His reported opinions are monuments to his profound legal learning and superior ability, more lasting than brass or marble and more honorable than battles fought and won. They show a thorough mastery of the questions involved, a rare simplicity of style and an admirable terseness and clearness in the statement of the principles upon which the opinions rest. Following his retirement from the bench on the 1st of January, 1899, he became assistant general counsel of the Big Four Railroad with headquarters at Indianapolis. On the 1st of July, 1905, he was made general counsel and removed to Cincinnati, where his attention is now given to the legal interests of the corporation which he represents. In December, 1880, Judge Hackney was married, in Franklin, Indiana, to Miss Ida L. Pudney, of that place, and they have two sons, Roscoe J. and Robert B. Theirs is a beautiful home in East Walnut Hills and Judge Hackney is well known in Cincinnati as a representative of the Knights of Pythias and as a member of the Queen City and the Optimist Clubs. WILLIAM S. KELLER, M. D. Dr. William S. Keller, a prominent specialist of Cincinnati, who is rapidly gaining recognition as a successful practitioner, was born at Middletown, Butler county, Ohio, in 1882, a son of Charles A. Keller, who is now deceased. He remained at Middletown until he was fourteen years of age and then entered the Ohio Military Institute at College Hill, Ohio, in which he continued for three years. He was a student of the Ohio Wesleyan University of Delaware, Ohio, for two years and then came to Cincinnati and entered Miami Medical College from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1904. He served as resident physician at the old Presbyterian Hospital one year and then went to Christ Hospital in a similar capacity where he continued another year. He then associated in practice with Dr. D. T. Vail but after two and one-half years, having decided to pursue his studies further, went to Europe and became a student of the University of Vienna from which he received a diploma for proficiency in diseases of the eye. He also studied at Heidelberg and Berlin. He returned to Cincinnati in 1908 and has since practiced alone, making a specialty of treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, with offices at Nos. 65-68 Groton building. He spends two days of each week at Middletown, Ohio, where his services are in active demand. He has clinic charge of the eye, ear, nose and throat department of the University Settlement in Cincinnati. He is a close student of his profession and for several years has been a contributor to medical publications. Among the articles prepared by him may be named : "The Incurable Blind," which has been issued in booklet form; "The Prevention of Blindness," a paper which was read before the Civic League of Cincinnati in January, 1911; "Blindness caused. by Ophthalmia Neonatorium;" "Eye Lesions which occur in the course of Diseases of the Heart and Blood Vessels," and a number of others. He is a member of the Butler County Medical Society, the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, the Ohio State Medi- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 287 cal Society, the American Medical Association and the Alpha Kappa Kappa medical fraternity. He is also a Fellow of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology and holds membership in the American Medical Society of Vienna, Austria. On October 26, 1909, Dr. Keller was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Richardson, a daughter of Hon. C. C. Richardson, 'president of the Richardson Paper Company of Lockland, Ohio, whose home is at Glendale. Dr. and Mrs. Keller are the parents of one child, Gertrude Louise, born January 1, 1911. He is a valued member of the Masonic order and also of the Greek letter fraternity, Beta Theta Pi, being secretary of the Alumni Chapter of that fraternity in Cincinnati. He is thoroughly earnest in his calling and as he possesses the important qualities of confidence, energy and perseverance, it is confidently prophesied by his friends that he will win wide recognition in his chosen specialty. C. TAYLOR HANDMAN. C. Taylor Handman, a dealer in contractor's tools and supplies, is one of the young enterprising business men of this city whose worth has been proven in the judgment which he has displayed in taking up different lines and working toward success in each. As manufacturers' agent for the goods which he handles he has built up a growing and satisfactory trade since establishing business in 1909. He was born in Cincinnati in 1884, a son of Charles W. and Anna (Taylor) Handman. The father, also a native of this city, was born in 1857 and is a son of C. A. Handman, who came from Germany to the new world and established his home in Cincinnati. For a number of years he was in business as an engineer and sawmill man. His son, Charles W. Handman, was here reared and educated and for the past four years has occupied the position of business manager for the board of education, having charge of all school real estate and school supplies. Previous to accepting this position he was superintendent of the street and sewer department and before that time was engaged in the marble contracting business. He married Anna Taylor who is also living, and in Cincinnati they are well known, having an extensive circle of friends here. C. Taylor Handman, an only child, is still a member of his father's household. He was sent at the usual age to the public schools and received therein training which well qualified him for the active duties of later life. In 1903, when a young man of nineteen years, he entered the employ of the Queen City Supply Company as office boy but his rise was so rapid that in 1905 he was made buyer for the company. He occupied the position for four months, when his health failed him and he had to resign. Ht then went to the mountains where he recuperated and upon his return to Cincinnati entered the employ of the William T. Johnson Company as city salesman. Later he was upon the road for that house for two years, becoming its leading salesman and occupying that position until he established his present business as manufacturers' agent for contractors tools and supplies, with offices in the Builders Exchange. He is now vice president of the Builders & Traders Exchange of Cincinnati and vice 288 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY president of the State Association of the Builders & Traders Exchange for Ohio. Aside from business and allied interests he is also well known for he is a popular member of the Rotary Club and in Masonry has attained the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite and the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He is also a past chanellor of Columbia Lodge, No. 18, K. P., in which he has filled all of the offices. Ever loyal to the teachings of these organizations, he is regarded as an exemplary member and enjoys the warm friendship and kindly regard of those whom he meets. C. L. BONIFIELD, M. D. Surgery as a branch of the medical profession has made wonderful advances during the last quarter of .a century and has attracted as its practitioners many of the brightest men of America. Great hospitals in the leading cities supplied with every facility that science and skill can devise have been erected in response to the demand for surgical services under the most favorable conditions possible and the conscientious and thoroughly qualified surgeon is now recognized as one of the greatest benefactors humanity can claim. It is to this class that Dr. C. L. Bonifield of Cincinnati belongs. As a specialist in abdominal surgery and surgery for women he stands alongside the acknowledged leaders in the United States and many years of successful practice have demonstrated his worth. He was born on a farm in Muskingum county, Ohio, March 23, 1863, a son of Ephraim and Somerville (Reamy) Bonifield. He was deprived by death of his mother when two years of age and at the age of eleven moved with his father to Kansas where he lived upon a farm until 1879. He then returned to Zanesville, Muskingum county, Ohio, where he attended high school. Having decided to pursue the study of medicine he entered the office of Dr. Holden, a former mayor of Zanesville, and after spending one year under his tuition matriculated at the Medical College of Ohio from which he was graduated in 1886 with the degree of M. D. He became assistant to his uncle, Dr. Thaddeus A. Reamy, with whom he continued for five years. Dr. Reamy was one of the most noted surgeons Cincinnati has ever known and Dr. Bonifield possessed the advantage of early association with this master. He then opened an office on his own account and engaged in general practice for five years, since which time he has given his whole attention to surgery. In 1892 he went abroad and studied in the hospitals of Berlin and other European cities, coming into contact with many of the principal teachers and demonstrators. He is a leader in his specialty in Cincinnati and patients from many states who have been placed in his care have just reason to be thankful. He has been connected in an official capacity with the largest hospitals of the city and has served as gynecologist to Christ Hospital ever since that institution was organized. He has also since 1895 filled the office of gynecologist at the Good Samaritan Hospital and he was gynecologist at the Cincinnati Hospital from 1905 until May, 1910, when he resigned. In December of the same year he was appointed one of the three medical directors of the Cincinnati Hospital, the other members of the board being Drs. Isham and Stanton. He is greatly prized as a most excellent teacher and was for five years professor CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 291 of gynecology in the Ohio Medical College and since the merger of the Ohio Medical College with the Miami Medical College, about three years ago, he has served as professor of gynecology of the Ohio-Miami Medical College. He has for many years been connected with the leading medical organizations and has been honored by election to responsible positions. He is a member and ex-president of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati and of the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society. He also belongs to and is an ex-president of the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association. In 1899 Dr. Bonifield was united in marriage to Miss. Mabel Finney, of Warren, Ohio, who died in January, 1901. In December, 1902, he was again married, the lady of his choice being Miss Grace Finney, a sister of his first wife. To this union two children have been born, Mabel Finney and Charles Francis. Although the demands upon his time and energies are constant and exacting, Dr. Bonifield takes a lively interest in club life and is an active member of the University Club and the Business Men's Club. He is also president of the Cincinnati Automobile Club. On account of his high moral, social and intellectual qualifications as well as for his fine professional attainments, he enjoys the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He is a diligent and untiring student who has left nothing undone to make himself entirely competent in his profession. It is men of this character who reach the highest positions in all vocations and represent the advance guard in the evolution of the race. WALTER E. MURPHY, M. D. Among the specialists in the practice of medicine in Cincinnati who have won a high standing on account of eminent ability and are now well established in their life work should be named Dr. Walter E. Murphy. He devotes his attention to the treatment of diseases of the eye, nose and throat and during a period of fourteen years has demonstrated his worth. He was born on a farm in Green township, Hamilton county, Ohio, March 3, 1871, a son of George W. and Edith (Donovan) Murphy. Reared on the home farm Walter E. Murphy attended the local schools and later became a student at Lebanon (Ohio) University under the celebrated Dr. Alfred Holbrook. After leaving the university he taught school for three years and then began the study of medicine. He was graduated from the Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1897, and during the following three years was a member of the staff of the Ophthalmic Hospital in Cincinnati. He is now ophthalmologist and laryngologist to the Episcopal Hospital for Children and is associate professor of otology and laryngology at the Ohio-Miami Medical College of this city. He has specialized in the treatment of the eye, nose and throat ever since he began practice and has met with marked success, being now a recognized authority on the subjects to which he devotes his energies. He is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical 292 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Society, the American Medical Association, and is also a member of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology. In 1905 Dr. Murphy was married to Miss Matilda Calhoun, a daughter of the late Dr. John Wesley Calhoun of this city. Fraternally he is connected with the Masonic order and is an earnest advocate of its principles. From his early manhood he has been a student and investigator, and his profession has furnished a steadily broadening field for his talents. His success is due to a deep interest in his calling, keen powers of perception and discrimination, and a knowledge as to the cause and treatment of disease which he acquired through years of patient observation and study. A man of irreproachable character, he has attracted many friends and by a life of true service has proved a blessing to his fellowmen. ANTHONY SCHNIER. Anthony Schnier has been so long and prominently connected with the business interests of Cincinnati that he seems to need no introduction to the readers of this volume. He is now president of the Smith, Myers & Schnier Company, manufacturers of sawmill machinery, with offices and works from No. 621 to 627 West Front street. He was born in Germany in 1830. His father, Anthony Schnier, Sr., crossed the Atlantic with his family about 1845, settling in Cincinnati, where his death occurred five years later. Anthony Schnier of this review was at that time a lad of fifteen years. His education had been acquired in the schools of his native land and shortly after coming to America he sought employment in the machine shop of Birch & Johnston, with whom he served a full term of apprenticeship. He later entered the employ of Lane & Bodley as a machinist, and in 1863 was appointed foreman of that concern, with which he remained until he began business on his own account on the 1st of January, 1882, entering into partnership relations under the firm style of Smith, Myers & Schnier, the original members of the firm being Anthony Schnier, Edward Myers and Samuel R. Smith. The business was incorporated in 1891 and two years later the death of Mr. Smith occurred. They began business as manufacturers of boilers, engines and sawmill machinery and at the outset had but thirty-five men. Their trade has steadily increased, however, and within the last few years they have employed from ninety to one hundred men. At a comparatively recent date they discontinued the manufacture of boilers and engines and now concentrate their entire attention upon sawmill machinery. The three original partners are all practical mechanics and long experience and their knowledge of the business enable them to carefully and systematically direct the labors of their employes, so that the best possible returns have been secured. The business is now an extensive and profitable one and is largely a monument to the enterprise and ability of Mr. Schnier and his associates. by faithfulness has ever been one of his strong characteristics is indicated by the fact that he remained with Lane & Bodley for twenty-nine years. Although now past eighty, he is still actively engaged in business and appears to be a man of about sixty or sixty-five years, being particularly straight, strong and vigorous. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 293 In Cincinnati, in 1856, Mr. Schnier was married to Miss Elizabeth Dum, and unto them were born seven children but only two daughters are now living, Elizabeth and Abbie. One son, John Schnier, was secretary of the company up to the time of his death in 1906. EDWARD MYERS. Edward Myers, vice president and manager of the Smith, Myers & Schnier Company, was born near New Lisbon, Columbiana county, Ohio, in December, 1834, and lived upon the farm where• his birth occurred, until he came to Cincinnati in 1844. His father, Joseph Myers, died in this city in 1877. When a youth of twelve years Edward Myers started out in the world to earn his own living and secured a position as feeder on a ruling machine. Soon afterward, when a boy of twelve or thirteen, and while an employe on the old Cincinnati Gazette on Hammond street, he was assigned to duty feeding the first double cylinder printing press that ever came to Cincinnati. In 1855 he entered the employ of Lane & Bodley and there thoroughly mastered the machinist's trade. His increasing ability won him advancement until he was made a foreman in 186o. He remained with that house until 1882, when he joined Anthony Schnier and Samuel R. Smith, both of whom were also connected with Lane & Bodley, in the formation of the firm which is still doing business. In the intervening years he has bent his energies toward the development and extension of his trade, with the result that he is well known in industrial circles of this city. Both he and Mr. Schnier had for many years been stockholders in the old Lane & Bodley Company. Jacob Myers, a brother of Edward Myers, also learned his trade as a machinist with the Lane & Bodley Company and has been continuously in the employ of the Smith, Myers & Schnier Company since its organization. Mr. Myers has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Malinda Peppard, now deceased, and unto them were born three children, Joseph, a machinist in the employ of the company, being the only one now living. The wife and mother died in 1890 and Mr. Myers has since wedded Katie J. Kerts. SAMUEL R. SMITH. Samuel R. Smith, the third partner in the firm of Smith, Myers & Schnier, died in 1893. He was born at Holyoke, Massachusetts, where he grew to manhood and learned the millwright's trade. He was a man of great inventive skill and about 1857 came to Cincinnati, where he secured a patent on a sawmill. The firm of Lane & Bodley manufactured this sawmill on a royalty for many years, Mr. Smith superintending the erection of the mills for the company. While working there with Anthony Schnier and Edward Myers, the three men formed the plan of organizing a company and establishing business on their own account and were connected in most harmonious relations until the death 294 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY of Mr. Smith in 1893. This occasioned a change in the officers of the company of which Anthony Schnier is now president ; Edward Myers, vice president and general manager ; and Stewart A. Kirkpatrick, secretary and. treasurer After the death of Mr. Smith his partners purchased his interest in the business. These men occupy an enviable position in industrial circles in the city and the firm name has ever been an honored one on commercial paper and elsewhere. They sought success in legitimate lines of trade, making progress slowly but surely and they are now proprietors of an important industrial enterprise which is proof of their business ability, energy and well formulated plans. CHARLES HENRY CASTLE, M. D. Dr. Charles H. Castle, who has gained high standing as a specialist in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat and whose office is at No. 4 Poinciana building, Avondale, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1860. He is a son of James H. Castle, a prominent attorney of Philadelphia and for many years known as one of its most public-spirited citizens. The progenitors of the family in America were Quakers and emigrated to this country from Sheffield, England, locating at Philadelphia in 1682. The mother of our subject, Phoebe Dick before her marriage, was a member of one of the oldest families of Philadelphia. One of her ancestors was Colonel William Evans, who was in command of the Fourth Pennsylvania Infantry in the Revolutionary war. Another ancestor, Archibald Dick, served as quartermaster general under General Frazier at the time of the revolution and was one of the highly valued officers of the patriot cause. Charles H. Castle was reared in Philadelphia and received his early education at the academy of the Protestant Episcopal church. He entered the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 188o with the degree of A. B. His father died about this time and the family moved to Colorado. The son Charles lived upon a ranch about two years and then, in 1882, having decided to take up the study of medicine, he came to Cincinnati and matriculated in Miami Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1885. He spent the next eight years in Colorado and in 1893 returned to Cincinnati and from 1893 to December, 1896, served as resident physician at the Cincinnati Hospital. Early in 1897 he associated in practice with Dr. P. S. Connor on Ninth street, but at the outbreak of the Spanish-American war, like thousands of capable young men of the republic, he offered his services to the government and was accepted as assistant surgeon of the First Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He went with his regiment to Columbus, Ohio, and was transferred to the cavalry, being mustered into the United States army as captain and surgeon in May, 1898. He was placed in charge of the hospital at Lakeland, Florida, and while there demonstrated his ability by overcoming the epidemic of typhoid fever which threatened many lives. After the close of the war and his regiment had been sent home he was retained in the service until December, 1898, examining the soldiers who were being mustered out. Once more taking up his residence in Cincinnati, he associated in practice with Dr. C. R. Holmes at Dr. Holmes' CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 295 Hospital for about ten years and during the last few years of this time did much literary work of special interest to medical men. In 1909 he opened an office on his own account in Avondale and is meeting with notable success. He has at various times served as ophthalmic surgeon at the Presbyterian Hospital, as assistant surgeon at the Episcopal Hospital for Children and as orthopedic surgeon at the Cincinnati Hospital. He is a constant student and observer and is a valued member of the Academy of Medicine Of Cincinnati, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. In 1891 Dr. Castle was married, in this city, to Miss Mary Andrews, a daughter of the late John Andrews, a prominent building contractor of Cincinnati. They have one child, Charles Archibald. By virtue of services of his ancestry Dr. Castle is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution and because of his own services in behalf of the flag he is connected with the Society of Foreign Wars of the United States and the Naval and Military Order of the Spanish-American war. Eminently capable in his profession, he is public-spirited, energetic and progressive and takes the pride of a patriotic citizen in assisting in forwarding every cause that seeks to promote the happiness or permanent welfare of his fellowmen. VICTOR EMANUEL KNECHT. Victor E. Knecht is president of the Victor Knecht Company, proprietors of the Phoenix Iron Foundry and manufacturers of light and heavy gray iron castings. It is true that he entered upon a business already established, for his father was his predecessor in this field, but for many years he has contributed to the growth and success of the undertaking and has inaugurated plans and methods by which the scope of the business has been extended and its output improved. Mr. Knecht was born in this city September 5, 1864, a son of Victor and Catharine (Boos) Knecht. At the usual age he entered the public schools and some years later, on putting aside his text-books, entered, his father's iron foundry to obtain a practical knowledge of all branches of the business. He is thoroughly acquainted with the work done in the various departments, under-, standing the scientific principles and the methods of actual construction as carried on in the foundry. His increasing ability in this direction at length qualified him for the position of superintendent, and for some years he directly supervised the labors of the workmen. In 1902 the Victor Knecht Company was incorporated, at which time Victor Knecht, the father, who since 1866 had owned and conducted the Phoenix Iron Foundry, became president, with Victor E. Knecht as secretary, treasurer and superintendent. Upon the death of his father, in October, 1905, he was elected to the presidency, and still remains as superintendent and general manager. This concern is a close corporation, all stock being held by the Knecht family. Because of his advancing years and his desire to leave his affairs in as perfect a condition as possible, the father organized the company under, its present form. Employment is now furnished to from eighty-five to ninety people and the indus- 296 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY try constitutes an important feature in the business circles of the city. The present officers are : V. E. Knecht, president, treasurer, superintendent and general manager; and Charles J. Knecht, secretary. June 19, 1895, Victor E. Knecht was married to Miss Emma Schroeder, a daughter of Henry Schroeder, who is well remembered by the older citizens of Cincinnati, having for many years conducted a tailoring establishment on Uno street, near Thirteenth. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Knecht have been born five children : Natalie, Harold, Emma, Victor and Mary Margaret. The family adhere to the Roman Catholic faith and Mr. Knecht is also a member of the Knights of Columbus; Diligence and determination are among his strong characteristics and the salient features in his career have brought him substantial and gratifying success. WILLIAM GILBERT. William Gilbert, one of the best known residents of Cincinnati, is vice president of the Park Commission, president of the Buckeye Foundry Company, president of the Cincinnati Steel Castings Company and half owner of the Dreses Machine Tool Company. His varied interests and their importance indicate him to be a man of resourceful business ability who has never feared to venture where favoring opportunity has led the way. In matters of judgment he is seldom if ever at fault and the wisdom of his opinions concerning business affairs is manifest in the splendid results which have followed the adoption of the policies that he has inaugurated. Cincinnati has numbered him among her residents since 1881, and throughout the entire period he has been classed with those men who, while promoting individual interests have also advanced the general prosperity. Mr. Gilbert was born in Brockville, Ontario, Canada, June 2, 1859, and there remained until seventeen years of age, having in the meantime learned the molder's trade. He then crossed the border to Buffalo, New York, and worked at his trade a year, after which he went to Erie, Pennsylvania, where he followed the craft for two years. On the expiration of that period he made his way to Springfield, Ohio, and resided there a few months ; in April, 1881, he came to Cincinnati. Here he found business opportunities he sought and his close application, industry and straightforward methods have been the salient features in the success which has since crowned his labors. He began work here as a molder for the Eureka Foundry in Cincinnati and a few Months later worked as molder for the Favorite Stove Works, there remaining three years. On the expiration of that period he entered the employ of the S. C. Tatum Company, with which he continued for about two years, and next worked for the Crane-Breed Company, which was then operating a foundry. He was with that concern a short time and later spent a few months in the employ of the L. G. Shaefer Company. He was next connected with the C. F. Thanwald Company and in all these positions worked as a molder, thereby gaining that practical experience which is broadened by employment in many different foundries and learning the various ways in which tasks of that kind may be accomplished. After spend- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 299 ing a year with the Thanwald Company he took a position with J. B. Dodds & Son on Eighth street and while there organized the Buckeye Foundry Company in 1889. Soon afterwards he was elected president of that company and his energies, efforts and sound business judgment have constituted forceful factors in its growth and success throughout the intervening period of more than twenty years. As prosperity attended him, providing him with liberal financial resources, he extended his efforts into other fields. In February, 1909, he was one of the organizers of the Cincinnati Steel Castings Company of which he was elected president. This company is incorporated with a capital stock of twenty-five thousand dollars and employs about forty workmen. The Buckeye Foundry Company gives employment to about one hundred and fifty men and has been incorporated with a capital stock of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The Dreses Machine Tool Company, located on Colerain avenue, is a copartnership concern, the members being Henry Dreses and William Gilbert. This has become one of the important industries of the city, being devoted to the manufacture of high grade machine tools. Whatever Mr. Gilbert undertakes. he carries forward to successful completion, for he is resourceful, and his expediency enables him to work out correct solutions for intricate business problems. Mr. Gilbert has purchased a fine level tract of six acres, which he is developing for a ball park or show grounds. It will be known as the Cincinnati Hippodrome Park, located at Spring Grove avenue, Queen City avenue and Valley street. In 1886 Mr. Gilbert was united in marriage to Miss Helen Butler and they have five children, William, Jr., Nellie, Bertha, Cornelia and Charles. He has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite in Masonry, is also a Noble of the Mystic Shrine and a life member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His continuous activity in business has not precluded cooperation in public measures and his support is always freely and cheerfully given to every project that he regards as beneficial to the city at large. In 1908 he was appointed a member of the Park Commission and in 1910 was reappointed for a term of three years. It is men like this that are intellignt factors in every idea and work that help to develop all sections of all big cities, and it is to be hoped, for the civic pride and civic virtue of this section, that there are many more like him. JOHN E. GREIWE, M. D. Dr. John E. Greiwe, who began practice at Cincinnati in 1892 and is now one of the busiest physicians of the city, was born September 26, 1865, and is a son of John H. and Sophia (Tepe) Greiwe. After receiving his preliminary education he matriculated in the Medical College of Ohio, at which he took the usual course, graduating with the degree of M. D. in 1889. For eighteen months, from 1890 to 1892, he filled the position of interne at the City Hospital. Feeling the importance of pursuing his studies further, he went abroad in 1892 and took instruction under leading physicians and surgeons at Strassburg and Berlin, where he continued for two and one-half years. Dr. Greiwe then returned to Cincinnati and has since practiced continuously in this city, making a specialty of internal medicine. His efficiency and skill received early acknowledgment, Vol. III-14