600 - CINCINNATI -THE QUEEN CITY wife and children. He became one of the early members of the Chamber of Commerce of Cincinnati and was interested in the various projects for the development and upbuilding of the city and the exploitation of its resources and advantages. He was a thoroughgoing business man, well posted, and his judgment on market conditions was truly remarkable. Thoroughly honorable in all his dealings, he enjoyed in unusual measure the confidence and good will of his business associates and contemporaries. He occupied a fine home at No. 922 Marion avenue, where Mrs. Kerr still resides. While he never sought, to figure prominently in any public connection outside of business, during a residence of more than a half century here he had won in unqualified measure the esteem of those who knew him and his death was the occasion of deep regret, his loss being keenly felt in business circles as well as among the members of his own household, and a wide circle of friends. THOMAS MORRIS. Thomas Morris was born in Gloucestershire, England, and was the founder of the firm now known as E. K Morris & Company. When quite young he emigrated from that country with his father, William Morris, who on reaching the new world established his home in Pittsburg. This was about the. year 1825. The boy, Thomas Morris, was reared to manho0d in that city and acquired his education in the common schools. When a young man he wedded Miss Diana Morse, who was born in Gloucestershire, .England, and they became the parents of nine children, five sons and four daughters, of whom seven are yet living, namely : George H., Frank E., Edward K., Arthur R., all associated in business ; Alice, who became the wife of C. R. Moore, of Cincinnati ; Anna L., also of this city ; and Lillian E., the wife of O. A. Faber, of Cincinnati. The parents are both now deceased, the father having passed away in 1884, soon after his retirement from business. It was soon after their marriage that Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Morris settled in Cincinnati, where in 1850 he established the business now conducted by his sons. They manufactured files and are now dealers in iron, steel and factory supplies. Soon after establishing this industry the father admitted Francis Reith to a partnership, the business then continuing under the firm name of Morris & Reith until the death of the latter, when Mr. Morris acquired the entire interest and remained alone in the conduct of his undertaking until his retirement in 1884. His sons then assumed the management of the business, which has since been conducted under the name of E. K. Morris & Company, the partners being Edward K., George H. and Frank E. Morris. The industry has grown extensively under their direction and now gives employment to a large number of people. The original location of the plant was on Central avenue, between Fourth and Fifth streets, but in 1870 was removed to their present quarters at Nos. 311 to 317 West Second avenue and extending south across Phcebe street to Commerce. Frank E. Morris was born in Cincinnati and was educated in . the public schools and in the Friends Academy of this city conducted by John L. Talbott. He also took a .course in artistic and mechanical drawing at the Ohio Mechanics' CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 601 Institute. On the completion of his education he entered his father's business and thus remained until about 1880. In the meantime the father had become interested in the Loomis Forge & Bridge Works and after taking up the study of civil engineering Frank E. Morris assumed the management of the engineering department of the bridge works. Subsequently he became connected with the Big Four, the Chesapeake & Ohio and the Kentucky Central Railroads in special engineering with regard to bridge and structural work. During the operation of the bridge company. he had much to do with the construction of the inclines of Cincinnati and designed many of the large viaducts and bridges in and near this city. George H. Morris, also a partner in the firm, was born in Cincinnati and attended the public schools and the Friends Academy, followed by a course in the Cincinnati Art Academy. He, too, entered his father's employ and was connected with the business until the father's death, when he became an active partner in the enterprise. He married Miss Eva Bray, of Cincinnati, and they have two children, Thomas B. and Lucile. Edward K. Morris was educated as were his brothers and after putting aside his text-books became associated with his father and eventually entered into a partnership with his brothers at the time of the father's death. Arthur R. Morris, the only other brother, is also with the firm. He, too, was a pupil in the public schools and the Friends Academy and married Miss Jennie Matlack, of Westwood, now a part of Cincinnati. They had seven children but Edith, the third child, died at the age of sixteen years. The others are Walter, Alice, Edwin, John, Robert and Lillian. The brothers have been more or less active in public interests and their influence is always given on the side of progress and improvement along material, political, intellectual and moral lines. The families are members of the Methodist and Presbyterian churches, George H. being an elder in the Presbyterian church and Arthur R. is a steward in the Methodist church, and all reside in Westwood, now a part of Cincinnati. George H. Morris was at one time a member of the city school board. The brothers are all members of the Masonic fraternity and Frank E. Morris is a member of the Cincinnati Engineers Club. Business ability and enterprise are numbered among their salient characteristics and have constituted the important features in expanding and bringing to success the important industry now conducted under the name of E. K. Morris & Company. HERMAN LOEB. The manufacture of clothing has grown wonderfully during the last twenty-five years and Cincinnati has become one of the important centers for this line of business. Among the clothing manufacturers who deserve special mention on account of their progressiveness is Herman Loeb, who has been prominently connected with the business for twenty years and has gained a name for promptness and fair dealing which reflects the highest credit upon himself and all with whom he is associated. He was born in this city in 1867, a son of Adam Loeb, 602 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY who was a native of Germany and came to Cincinnati in his young manhood, believing that this city presented favorable opportunities for one who would earnestly apply himself to any honorable calling. He embarked in the manufacture of clothing in the '50s and became one of the prominent men in that line in the city. He was very careful and conservative in his methods but he possessed strong determination and a good knowledge of his business; therefore, he succeeded. Herman Loeb passed through the various grades of the public schools and continued his studies in the high school from which he was regularly graduated. Subsequently he took a course in Nelson's Business College, which gave him a good general idea of bookkeeping and accounts. He entered the clothing business and advanced through the different departments of both factory and office, becoming, in 1891, a member of the firm of Lewis Loeb & Brother. The name of the firm was afterwards changed to H. & I. Loeb, of which he was the senior member, and so continued for about five years. In 1899 he purchased the interest of his partner and the business has since been conducted under the title of Herman Loeb, Clothing Manufacturer. The firm manufactures the Monarch brand of men's clothing and maintains its offices and factory at No. 9 West Pearl street. As the business is well established and is conducted according to the best and most approved methods there is no doubt as to the continuance of the prosperity which has been experienced under its present admirable management. Mr. Loeb confines his operations strictly to the wholesale trade and handles only the output of his own factory, which is sold all over the middle west. It may truly be said that the Monarch brand of men's clothing has assisted in a marked degree in advancing the reputation of Cincinnati as a center for the manufacture of clothing. In 1904 Mr. Loeb was married to Miss Jessie Lederman. He is a valued member of Lincoln Lodge No. 17, K. P., and also of the United Commercial Travelers Association. He and his wife reside at the Granada Flats, Avondale. He takes the interest of a public-spirited citizen in local, state and national elections but has never aspired to political honors. A man of attractive personality, fine powers of observation and sound business principles, he has made good use of his, abilities, and by close attention to his duties as head of an important concern has gained a competency. GEORGE WASHINGTON McALPIN. George Washington McAlpin was one of the prosperous and prominent merchants of Cincinnati who throughout his entire life recognized the fact that the present and not the future held his opportunity. He made use of the Now and each passing moment was made to count for its utmost in an active life where intelligent effort and ambition constituted the foundation for success. Moreover, it was always a matter of pride and satisfaction to Mr. McAlpin that his path was never strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes, and the sacrifice of another's welfare was never the price which he paid for advancement. His name came to be a. synonym for commercial integrity as well as progressiveness CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 603 and his record constitutes an important chapter in the commercial history of his native city. George W. McAlpin was born in Cincinnati, July 4, 1827, and because of the fact that he first opened his eyes to the light on Independence Day he was appropriately named in honor of the father of his c0untry. His parents were Andrew and Margaret (Merrie) McAlpin. The former was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1793 and was therefore a young man of twenty-four years when in 1817 he came to Cincinnati. Here he met and married Miss Margaret Merrie, who was born in Philadelphia, in 1798, but was brought to Cincinnati by her parents in 1804. She survived her husband thirteen years, passing away at the age of seventy-seven. During the years of his connection with business interests here Andrew McAlpin had engaged in the manufacture and sale of furniture and also of hardware, and a long, active and honorable career was ended when death called him in 1863. Cincinnati was just emerging from villagehood during the youth of George W. McAlpin, who, improving his time in the acquirement of an education, was graduated from the Woodward high school and afterward from the Cincinnati College. Throughout the entire period of his connection with commercial circles he was engaged in the wholesale dry-goods business, first entering the employ of John Taylor in 1842. He remained with the house after the firm of Taylor & Ellis was formed and in 1850 his increasing ability won recognition in admission to a partnership under the firm style of John W. Ellis & Company. His name afterward appeared as Ellis, McAlpin & Company and eventually he became senior partner under the firm style of McAlpin, Polk & Hibbard. A reorganization of the business led to the adoption of the firm name of McAlpin, Polk & Company and later to George W. McAlpin & Company. Soon after his death the wholesale business was discontinued, while the retail establishment was reorganized, trade being still carried on under the name of The George W. McAlpin Company. Of Mr. McAlpin it has been written : "He devoted the best energies of his life to the upbuilding of this great business, which had its foundation built upon the rock of business integrity. It is now and long has been one of the largest in the country and its trade relations extend to every land where the flag of commerce floats. Mr. McAlpin accumulated one of the largest fortunes in Cincinnati and it was his pride and joy that it bore only the stamp of honest methods and fair dealing." He never hesitated to venture where favoring opportunity led the way and his even-paced energy brought him notable and well merited success. He became known in banking circles as a director and stockholder of the First National of Cincinnati and his picture—a large oil painting—adorns the walls of that institution. Other business enterprises were at least in part the expression of his ability and direction and his cooperation at all times was regarded as a valtrable asset in the conduct of business interets. For five years he was a trustee of Lane Theological Seminary and for a similar period was a director of the Spring Grove cemetery. Attractively situated in his home life, Mr. McAlpin was married July 2, 1850, to Miss Emily Louisa Spining, a daughter of Pierson A. Spining, a leading merchant of Springfield, Ohio. To them were born three sons and a daughter: William Barkalow, who married Harriette Woodruff ; James Andrew ; Pierson Spining; and Emily Spining, who was the wife of Arthur Stem. Husband, 604 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY sons and daughter have all passed away, leaving Mrs. McAlpin as the sole survivor of the family. She occupies an elegant home at No. 318 Lafayette avenue, Clifton, which is one of the aristocratic and attractive suburbs of the city. There Mr. and Mrs. McAlpin held membership in the Presbyterian church and previous to their connection with that organization Mr. McAlpin had served as an elder in the Seventh Presbyterian church on Broadway and also in the Mount Auburn Presbyterian church. He was deeply interested in many of the organized charities of the city and was particularly a patron of the Orphan Asylum, of which he served as treasurer for ten years. Politically a republican, he kept thoroughly informed on the issues of the day but without taking active part in politics. The Chamber of Commerce numbered him among its valued members and he was for fifteen years a member of the city council, in which connection he exercised his official prerogatives for the public good, looking beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future and seeking at all times permanent and substantial results for the city. He never allowed business to so monopolize his time and interests as to shut him off from active participation in public movements that reached out to the welfare of the municipality and the individual. He believed it the duty of the stronger to safeguard the weak and unfortunate and, inasmuch as he prospered and became prominent, he labored untiringly and effectively for his fellowmen and the advancement of their best interests. ETHAN BATES STANLEY. Ethan B. Stanley is the vice president of the American Laundry Machine Company, the largest concern of the kind in the world. Marked business ability and a spirit of enterprise has brought him to the prominent position which he now occupies in business circles, and his life history illustrates what is possible of accomplishment where ambition and industry lead the way. He was born in 'Cincinnati, January 25, 1865, a son of Charles and Maria J. (Beresford) Stanley. The father was born in London, England, in April, 1831, and came to Cincinnati with his father, who was one of the early brass founders of this city. The mother, Maria J. Stanley, is a member of the distinguished Beresford family of England. Charles Stanley pursued his education in the public schools here and afterward joined his father in the foundry business, while later he turned his attention to the steam pipe fitting industry, which he conducted on his own account up to the time when success made possible his retirement from active business life. Spending his youthful days in his father's home, Ethan B. Stanley attended the public and high schools until 1881, when, at the age of sixteen years, he made his initial step in the business world, becoming clerk in the office of Alexander McDonald & Company up to the time this company sold to the Standard Oil Company. Recognizing the fact that the road to advancement is open to all who have energy and determination to make their service valuable to those whom they represent, Mr. Stanley put forth earnest and persistent effort and successive promotions rewarded him. Eventually he became general manager of the bus- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 607 mess and so continued until 1902, when he became one of the promoters of the Watkins Laundry Machine Company as vice president, with Leonard Smith as president. The business grew and prospered, and continually seeking opportunities for the expansion of his trade interests, Mr. Stanley and his associates in the Watkins Laundry Machine Company, succeeded in consolidating their interests, in 1907, with five other laundry machine manufacturing companies. The corporation, known as the American Laundry Machine Company was capitalized at seven million dollars and is the largest concern of this kind in the world. At the reorganization of the business the name of the American Laundry Machine Company was assumed and Mr. Stanley became vice president. The company manufactures a general line of laundry machinery for steam laundries and has met with splendid success, their trade interests reaching out to all parts of the country. Excellence of workmanship, durability of materials, honesty and reliability in trade transactions have been salient features in making this one of the most successful industrial interests of Cincinnati. They have established branches in all of the large cities of the United States and agencies in Europe, Australia and. South America. Mr. Stanley has been greatly instrumental in promoting industrial development in Cincinnati and has been especially interested in building up the district on Spring Grove avenue, for which he has secured numerous manufacturing establishments. He is a director in many of the industrial and financial institutions of the city. In September, 1890, Mr. Stanley was married to Miss Blanche Taylor, of Cincinnati, and they have one son, Taylor, now twenty years of, age, who is a graduate of the Lawrenceville school and is now a student in Yale. In religious faith Mr. Stanley is a Presbyterian and is serving as a trustee of the Seventh Presbyterian church of Cincinnati. He is also a member of all the prominent social clubs of the city. Having within him at the outset of his career the possibilities of usefulness and those qualities designed to make one successful, these did not long lie dormant nor, did they show themselves in a pronounced manner when he began his business life. He is one among the many who have worked their way from a small beginning to an enviable position by the industrious exertion of their inborn powers and thus he has come to stand as one of the most prominent representatives of industrial activity in Cincinnati. MARY E. TRACY, M. D. Dr. Mary E. Tracy, specializing in practice in the treatment of women's and children's diseases, is a native of Cincinnati and a daughter of James and Catherine (Brown) Tracy. Her father was a native of the north of Ireland and when a young man of about twenty years became a resident of this city, where he is now living at the ripe old age of eighty years. For a long period .he was connected with the Niles Tool Works, at Hamilton, in a position of responsibility. Dr. Tracy acquired her education in the public schools and under the instruction of the sisters of charity of Cincinnati. Her professional training was obtained in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, from which she was Vol. III-28 608 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY graduated in 1902. She at once began practice and with conscientious purpose has confined her efforts to the duties which have since devolved upon her in this connection. In manner quiet and unassuming, with refinement as an ingrained part of her nature, her knowledge of the science of medicine and ability to accurately apply its principles have won for her success. JOHN HUNTINGTON LEWIS, M. D. Dr. John H. Lewis, who since 1896 has engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery in Cincinnati, remaining a420is present location at No. 42o Armory avenue for fourteen years, was born in Morrisville, Madison county, New York, January 3, 1865. His father, the Rev. John R. Lewis, was only a year old when his parents emigrated from the little rock-ribbed country of Wales to the new world and became residents of the Empire state. He is now seventy-four years of age and resides in Deerfield, New York, living retired at the old Marsh homestead. For many years he devoted his life actively to the ministry and his zeal and consecration to the work made his influence of no restricted order. As he approached the evening of life, however, he put aside the more arduous cares of pastoral service and well merits the rest which he is now enjoying. He pursued his education in Hamilton College, where he won the Clarke prize. He possessed exceptional oratorical ability and gave instruction to many students, including James Sherman, now vice president of the United States. In preparation for the ministry he pursued a course in the Auburn Theological Seminary from which he was graduated and his first pastorate was at Morrisville, New York, where his son, Dr. Lewis, was born. He afterward Went to Boonville where he remained for fourteen years, and for seven years was pastor of the church at Mexico, New York. In 1879 he received a call from the First Presbyterian church at Middletown, New York, where he remained until 1886, after which he supplied pulpits until the time of his retirement. He wedded Emma Marsh, who was an only child and came into possession of the old family homestead which is now their home, Reared in a home of culture and refinement, where intellectual development and character were rated at their true worth, John H. Lewis was provided with excellent educational advantages for after attending the public schools he was. sent to Holbrook's Military School at Sing Sing, New York, where he pursued a classical course. At length he determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work and entered Buffalo University and Medical College as a student: In the interval, however, he turned his attention to merchandising and was employed in connection with mercantile establishments in New York state, until he was able to resume his studies which he had been forced to drop on account of impaired eyesight. He spent three years as a student in the Buffalo University and Medical College and then entered the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery, from which he was graduated in 1896. He at once opened an office for practice in this city and has here since remained, making steady progress in his chosen life work. Keen mentality enables him to quickly grasp the salient features of every case and to successfully cope with the intricate problems CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 609 which constantly confront the physician. In both medicine and surgery his work has been of an important character and he now has an extensive practice. Dr. Lewis is a democrat and is a recognized leader of the party although not a politician in the commonly accepted sense of the term. In 1902 he was candidate for coroner on the democratic ticket and he has again and again been delegate to state conventions, his opinions carrying weight in the councils of his party because it is known that his 'judgment is sound, his ideas practical while his public spirit has its root in patriotism. Dr. Lewis belongs to the Junior Order of American Mechanics of which he is medical examiner and he also holds membership with the Improved Order of Red Men. Those who meet him socially find him a most genial gentleman of pleasing manner and unfeigned cordiality, 'and those who know him in his professional relations entertain for him high regard because of his ability. HARRY CLAY HAZEN. Confidence in self and persistent determination must always bring a fair degree of success to every industrious man, and the career of Harry Clay Hazen, who in October, 1910, founded the contracting company which is operating under his name, has been no exception to this rule. Mr. Hazen was born in Cincinnati on the 4th of March, 1869, and is a son of Lawrence and Theresa (Kellog) Hazen. The father, who was also a native of this city, his birth occurring in 1829, was educated in the public schools, following the completion of which he learned blacksmithing. He was engaged in this trade until 1860, when he withdrew to become a member of the city police department, which position he resigned to assume charge of the detective bureau of the Adams Express Company. Again returning to the police department, he was promoted to the office of chief of detectives, the responsibilities of which he continued to discharge until his demise in 1906. As is the case with the majority of American youths born into homes of medium circumstances, the early attention of Harry Clay Hazen was almost entirely concentrated upon the acquirement of an education, in the pursuit of which he attended the public schools until he had attained the age of twenty years. Upon the completion of his high-school course in '1889 Mr. Hazen went to New York city, where he entered the employ of a large importing house in the capacity of salesman. He continued to be connected with this company for four years, at the expiration of which time he returned to his native city to become a bookkeeper in the office of his brother L. P. Hazen, who is a general contractor. Later he was made general superintendent of the company, and while serving in this connection he had charge of the construction of government and private buildings throughout the south and west. Close observation, keen business sagacity and natural adaptability ultimately qualified Mr. Hazen to discharge the entire responsibilities of a 'general contracting business, so in October, 1910, he engaged in the work himself, operating under the firm name of the H. C. Hazen Contracting Company. The success with which he has met thus far is a tribute to the judgment and ability of Mr. Hazen, who is giving employment to 610 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY from one hundred to one hundred and fifty workmen. He is most sanguine of the ultimate outcome of his venture, as he has been awarded some very good contracts and feels assured of receiving some better ones in the very near future. In this city in June, 1905, was witnessed the marriage of Mr. Hazen and Miss Sarah Witt. One child has been born to them, Harry, Jr., who has attained the interesting age of two and a half years. The religious affiliation of Mr. and Mrs. Hazen is with the Roman Catholic denomination of which they are communicants. To the candidates of the republican party Mr. Hazen always gives his political support, although as he is not an aspirant to public honors or the emoluments 0f office, he does not prominently figure in civic affairs, his entire time and attention at present being concentrated upon the development of his business. JOSEPH W. WILSHIRE. Probably no industry organized in Cincinnati during the past decade has made as rapid and substantial development, with positive assurance of its continuous progress through the constantly increasing demand for its products, as The Waterproof Paper & Board Company. The secretary and manager of this well established and thriving industry is Joseph W. Wilshire, another of Cincinnati's capable sons, who has made a brilliant record for himself through his identification with the city's commercial activities. His natal day was the 13th of July, 1844 and his parents were William and Frances, M. (White) Wilshire. In the maternal line he is descended from pioneer settlers of Ohio, but the paternal grandparents came from France and England. William Wilshire was born in Skowhegan, Maine, whence he moved to the west, becoming a resident of Cincinnati. Here, together with his brother George, he organized the firm of Wilshire & Company, prominent and successful whiskey distillers. Mr. Wilshire was identified with various enterprises and activities of the Queen City, having been president of the Third National Bank and one of the directors of the gas company. He died in October, 1875, but is still survived by his wife, who has attained the age of eighty-nine years. Joseph W. Wilshire was reared at home and attended the public schools, being prepared for Yale University under the supervision of the Rev. Chandler Robbins of Springfield, Ohio. He was just at the age to be carried away with patriotic zeal and enthusiasm at the breaking out of the Civil war, so he ran away and enlisted in Company H, Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteers. He was at the front for four years, during seventeen months of which time he was held a prisoner of war. It was his misfortune to be sent to that place of horrors for the Union soldier, Libby prison, where he was incarcerated for nine months. During this period Mr. Wilshire was one of the men who succeeded in escaping from this prison but was recaptured. He was also one of the men who assisted in building the tunnel from the prison and worked as one of the relief. Subsequently he was confined at Columbia, South Carolina, and escaped but was recaptured at Aiken, South Carolina, by the use of bloodhounds. While in CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 611 confinement two rebel officers, spies, were captured by the Union army, tried by drumhead court martial, condemned and shot. Deeply incensed by what they rashly termed an outrage, the rebel officers decided that two of the Yankee officers then held as prisoners by them must be shot in retaliation. At that time they had but few captains in the prison and as they wanted a larger number from which to draw the two victims, added a few lieutenants. Among the latter was Lieutenant Wilshire, who had rapidly been advanced from a private to the rank of a commissioned officer. He was not one of those drawn for the sacrifice, however, and the two who were ,selected were never shot. Subsequently, while a prisoner, he was one of the 'officers drawn to be placed under fire at Charleston, South Carolina, during the, time of General Gilmore's bombardment of the city, and was quartered during this period in what was known as the Old Marine Hospital, located in the "burned district" or that portion of the city destroyed by Gilmore's 'batteries. During the period of his service he did most excellent work, both in the ranks and as an officer, being mustered out at the close of hostilities as a captain. After the close of the war he returned home and engaged in business, having abandoned all thought of a university degree. He became identified with the enterprise of which he is now secretary and manager, in August, 1901. This company was organized on the 1st of the February preceding. The first eight months of its existence it struggled along in a manner very similar to other new industries, striving to hold its own on a limited capital and create a demand for wares the lack of which the general public had never recognized. At the expiration of that period Mr. Wilshire came into the firm, new capital and added enthusiasm gave confidence, and with absolute faith in the ultimate success of their undertaking they, turned their energies toward the creation of a demand for their products. The recognition of the need for more sanitary conditions in the handling and marketing of all food stuffs gave rise to the small sealed packages for all products ready prepared for the table. The great problem confronting the manufacturer in the early stages of this venture was how to keep moist articles from drying out and dry products from absorbing the moisture. This was obviated by the discovery of waxed paper and board, products of The Waterproof Paper & Board Company. The use of this article prevents deterioration from the action of either moisture or heat ; at the same time it retains the moisture within the goods wrapped or excludes that from without, while it possesses the added virtue of being a non-conductor of heat or told. Sticky substances do not adhere to it and as it is made non-porous by the coating of wax, there is no loss of the volatile constituents of any chemical compound. These conditions assured the stockholders of the company of the permanency of the waxed paper industry, the demand for which must increase with the development of the package trade. During the first five years of their existence, their energies were very largely directed toward the development of their process and the perfection of their machinery, which they fully realized was not going to be adequate to supply the demands for their products. With the advent of the wrapping machines, which superseded the vast number of girls formerly employed in the factories for this work, the demand for waxed paper more than met their expectation. They had not been idle, however, and, after the expenditure of thousands of dollars in the building and subsequent wreckage of costly 612 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY but inefficient experimental machines, had perfected the one they now hold the patent on. This has given them practically the monopoly on this industry and their patents have yet fifteen years to run. The company's plant is located at Nos. 427-439 East Sixth street and contains fifty-five thousand square feet of floor space. Their equipment is most excellent and they now have twenty-eight of their machines installed, all driven by independent electric motor. The cutting, coating and printing operations are performed by these, while additional machinery is now under construction to increase production. During the past five years the great losses sustained by the company during the early stages of its existence have been recovered. For his wife Mr. Wilshire chose Miss Ada Van Hamm, a daughter of Judge Washington Van Hamm, of Cincinnati. By their union have been born three children, as follows : Lily, now Mrs. Harcourt ; Joseph W., Jr., manager of the yeast department of The Fleischmann Company, who married Miss Helen Seely, a daughter of Dr. W. W. Seely, of Cincinnati; and Van Hamm, assistant manager of The Waterproof Paper & Board Company, who married Miss Alice Whittaker, a daughter of Dr. James T. Whittaker. Mr. Wilshire is .a member of the Loyal Legion and he maintains relations with his comrades of the field through the medium of the Grand Army of the Republic. A man of rare foresight and sagacity, alert and progressive, Mr. Wilshire has the ability of carrying to a successful issue anything he undertakes, possessing the tenacity of purpose that never recognizes defeat but converts it into opportunity. EDWARD WOOD WALKER, M. D. Although Cincinnati can claim physicians and surgeons who rank high as compared with those of other cities of America, there are few who have a higher reputation for efficiency than Dr. Edward W. Walker. He has specialized in surgery ever since he began practice thirty-one years ago and ranks as one of the most learned and skilful surgeons of the United States. A native of Cincinnati, he was born September 3, 1853, a son_ of -Judge Timothy and Ellen (Page) Walker. Dr. Walker received his preliminary education in the local schools and in a private school on Walnut Hills. Matriculating at Harvard University, he was graduated in 1874 with the degree of A. B. He then returned to Cincinnati and entered the Medical College of Ohio, graduating with the degree of M. D. in 1877. He served as interne and resident physician at the Cincinnati Hospital for one year and, having decided to pursue his studies further, went to Europe in 1878 and spent a year at leading hospitals under world-renowned teachers. He then returned to Cincinnati and since 1880 has engaged in active practice in this city. His services have been in urgent demand at medical institutions and hospitals. He is professor of clinical surgery at the Ohio-Miami Medical College and is also surgeon at the Cincinnati and German Deaconess Hospitals. He is a member of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, the Ohio CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 615 State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the American Surgical Association. In 1898 Dr. Walker was united in marriage to Miss Inez Hatfield, of Lebanon, Ohio. Fraternally he is prominently identified with the Masonic order. He is a Scottish Rite Mason and has taken the thirty-second degree, being also a Shriner. He is a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and of the Queen City and Blaine Clubs. He is a tireless student and worker in lines of his profession and, as he possesses cool judgment and is thoroughly grounded in the specialty to which he has given his best thought and energies, he has won a large and gratifying measure of success. He is generous in his benefactions to worthy objects, charitable in his judgments and has aimed through life to be just to all men. It is a pleasure to acid that among his patients are to be found many of his warmest friends. His office is at No. 3o West Eighth street. HENRY RATTERMANN. The manufacture of carriages is one of the important industries of Cincinnati and the firm of Rattermann & Luth stands well in the front, supplying carriages upon an extensive scale in response to a demand from all the principal countries of America. Henry Rattermann, senior member of the firm, has been identified with carriage making ever since he entered business life, and few men can claim more intimate acquaintance with all departments of the industry, from the time the timber is selected and cut in the forest until the finished product is delivered to the customer. He is a native of Cincinnati, born in 1860, a son of B. H. and Elizabeth Rattermann. Henry Rattermann received his early education in the parochial schools. He was not satisfied, however, with a general knowledge of the common branches but pursued his studies in the night high school, which has been a great boon to aspiring young men and women, and was graduated in 1876. The persistence he displayed in securing an education is a good index of his character and accounts in a large degree for his success when he came into competition with bright minds in the business world. He began working in the manufacture of carriages as an employe of John Murphy & Company and applied himself with such interest and ability that he was promoted until he gained a good general knowledge of the business. He is not a man to be satisfied long in a subordinate position and, having carefully saved his money, he was enabled in 1882 to buy out the firm for which he was working. Soon afterward he formed a partnership with Theodore Luth under the title of Rattermann & Luth. The firm has been remarkably successful in the manufacture of carriages of medium grades that meet with ready sale even in distant parts of the continent. In 1884 Mr. Rattermann was married, at Cincinnati, to Miss Clara Lanser, daughter of Peter Lanser, a well known furniture manufacturer of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Rattermann are the parents of seven children, four sons and three daughters. Mr. Rattermann takes special pleasure in the thought that he is able to provide his children with all desirable advantages of education both in literature and music. He is greatly interested in parks and playgrounds 616 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY and was for two years a member of the park commission appointed by the mayor of Cincinnati that provided a plan for the future park system of Cincinnati. He is an active member of the Business Men's Club and religiously is identified with St. Lawrence Catholic church of Price Hill. The position Mr. Rattermann now enjoys is due to a steadfastness of purpose from which he has never swerved and it is highly to his credit that he has attained his present standing in a community where he has been known from boyhood. He and his family occupy a beautiful home on Price Hill and he can claim many friends in social as well as business circles who admire him for his integrity and genuine personal worth. JOHN HELMING, JR. For more than half a century the shoe business in Cincinnati has found representatives among the Helming family, in either its retail, jobbing or manufacturing activities. John Helming, Jr., the vice president of The Helming-McKenzie Shoe Company, was born in this city on the 14th of October, 1856, being a son of John and Agnes Helming.. The father, whose natal day was the 25th of November, 1825, was a native of Wietrnarchen, Hanover, Prussia, from which country he emigrated to the United States. Mr. Helming located in Cincinnati in 1845, following his trade, which was that of shoemaker, for thirteen years, during which time by means of energy and thrift he acquired sufficient capital to engage in business. In 1858 he opened a retail store at the corner of Sixth and John streets, later removing to Sixth and Elm, where he remained until 1872. Subsequently disposing of his interests he went to Europe, where he remained for a year. Returning to Cincinnati at the expiration of that period he organized the firm of Helming, Wilson & Pfaff, shoe manufacturers. At the end of the first year, however, Mr. Wilson withdrew from the company, which continued operations under the firm name of Helming & Pfaff for three years. In 1878 Mr. Helming purchased the interest of Mr. Pfaff following which he took George Kurdelmeyer into the business, continuing the same until 1884 under the name of Helming & Kurdelmeyer. In the latter year Mr. Helming withdrew from the firm, living retired until his demise in 1906. John Helming, Jr., was reared in the city of his birth, obtaining his elementary education in' the Catholic parochial schools, which he attended until he had attained the age of eleven years when he entered the public schools. At the end of a year he enrolled in St. Xavier's, where he remained for a similar period ; then he laid aside his text-books to begin his career. His first position was in the shoe factory of Helming, Wilson & Pfaff, where he received five dollars per week for his services. He remained associated with the factory, in which his father was interested during the various changes made in the company until 1884, when he bought out Mr. Kurdelmeyer. The father and son conducted the business for one year at the end of which period the latter acquired entire control and took Mr. Alex Wolf into partnership. For two years thereafter the firm was known as Helming-Wolf & Company, when Mr. Helming disposed of his interest and became superintendent for Adolph Meyer & Company, shoe manu- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 617 facturers. He severed his connection with this enterprise in 1891 and removed to St. Louis, where he entered the employ of Barney Gannon as superintendent of his shoe factory. Six months thereafter he returned to Cincinnati, becoming identified with George Shribly for a similar period. Withdrawing at the end of that time he organized The Helming Shoe Company, which he operated until 1901 when they incorporated under the name of The Helming-McKenzie Shoe Company, of which Mr. Helming is vice president. This company has developed very rapidly during the ten years of its existence and is now employing four hundred and fifty people in its factory and office. They manufacture ladies shoes in both a medium and high grade, and find a great demand for their goods throughout the United States, Mexico and South America. Mr. Helming is not married and affiliates with the Roman Catholic church. His political views conform to the principles of the republican party for whose candidates he casts his ballot, but as he prefers to concentrate his entire attention upon the development of his industry rather than in an effort to acquire official honors he has not become actively engaged in civic affairs, as candidate for political honors. JOHN J. STRADER. John J. Strader, who is prominent in financial and business circles 'of Cincinnati and is now devoting his attention principally to his private interests, was born in this city January 11, 1867. He is a son of Benjamin F. and Clara (Whiteman) Strader and is a representative of one of the long established families of this city, the name of Strader having been favorably known in Cincinnati and the Ohio valley for nearly a hundred years. The progenitor of the family in America was Henry Strader, who was born in Holland, June 6, 1737, and was brought to America at the age of eight years. He settled in Sussex county, New Jersey, and was married January 28, 1762, to Mary Crebeling. He died August 29, 1804. John Strader, son of Henry Strader, was born January 1, 1763, near Bloomsburg, New Jersey, and died November 19, 1844, at the old Strader residence in what is now Washington, New Jersey. His wife was Frances Piatt, a daughter of Major Daniel Piatt, a patriot of the Revolution. The grandfather of our subject was Captain Jacob Strader, also a native of New Jersey, who was born August 5, 1795. He was of sturdy, pioneer characteristics and came to Cincinnati in 1817, where he engaged in the river business. He built the Jacob Strader, a United States mail boat, the Ben Franklin, General Pike, Little Pike and other boats that plied the river in the early days. He was also very active in commercial and financial enterprises and was a member of the firm of Strader & Gorman, commission merchants, and an officer of the old Equitable Insurance Company, which was one of the first organizations of the kind in Cincinnati. He was president of the Little Miami Railroad in its early days and also served with great acceptance as president of the old Commercial National Bank. He married Julia Dunseth and they lived on Broadway near Second street, later moving to a commodious residence on Broadway between Fourth and Fifth 618 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY streets. In 1847 the family moved to Fourth and Lawrence and occupied a beautiful home, which was known as the Strader residence. Captain Strader died August 28, 1860. Benjamin F. Strader was born in this city, November 24, 1838. He secured his preliminary education in the public schools and later matriculated at Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1859. He studied medicine but never practiced, as his father died when he was about twenty-one years of age, and he inherited considerable property, which required his attention. During the greater part of his life he restricted his attention to his own private affairs but was much interested in religious work. He and his wife were members of Christ Episcopal church, of which he was a vestryman, being also secretary of the church and treasurer of the Sunday school. By virtue of services rendered by his ancestors in the Revolutionary war he was a .member of the Sons of the Revolution. On November 20, 1862, he was married to Miss Clara Whiteman, a daughter of Benjamin B. Whiteman, of Cincinnati, and of their children four grew to maturity : Clara, who is the wife of George W. Lewis, of this city ; John J.; Benjamin, who was born October 18, 1872; and Marshall, born September 30, 1877. Mr. Strader died April 2, 1897, and his wife was called away June 24, 1904, she having then arrived at the age of sixty-four years and six months. A sister of Mr. Strader, Mrs. Mary F. Woolley, resides in the east. In the public schools and at Woodward high school John J. Strader acquired an eduaction. After leaving school he engaged in the insurance business and spent several years on the Pacific coast, where he was for two years engaged in the banking business. In the latter part of the '90s he returned to Cincinnati and for eleven years was secretary and treasurer of the Cincinnati Omnibus Company. During recent years he has given his time largely to personal affairs and, as he possesses good business judgment, he has been highly successful. He has never neglected his duties as a citizen but has not sought the honors or emoluments of public office. A substantial and useful member of the community, he is a man of the highest sense of justice and honor and his life has exemplified in a striking degree the principles that are the basis of all right thought and action. He is, not affiliated with any religious denomination but is an attendant of the Episcopal church and a liberal contributor to all worthy causes. THOMAS J. HALL. Thomas J. Hall, conducting an extensive wholesale and coal river transportation business under the style of T. J. Hall, and also a large retail coal and builders' supply business under the name of T. J. Hall & Company, has been engaged in the former line since, 1879 and began the latter enterprise in 1903. His offices are at No. 450 East Pearl street and he employs on an average of one hundred and twenty-five men, which indicates in a measure the extent and volume of his business. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 621 The family of Hall of which he is a representative is of Scotch origin and was founded in America by the grandfather of him whose name introduces this review. The father, William Hall, was a boat builder, engaged in building flat and produce boats, and he also navigated on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. During one year of the Civil war he and his seven sons were in the service and during most of the period of. hostilities between the north and the south the sons were fighting the battles of the Union army. The father died in 1879, at the age of sixty-eight years, and his wife, Mrs. Rose Ellen Hall, passed away in 1897 when seventy-eight years of age. His grave was made in the Aberdeen, Ohio, cemetery, while his wife was laid to rest at Plumville, Mason county, Kentucky. Thomas J. Hall was born in Aberdeen, Brown county, Ohio, August 15, 1860, and acquired his preliminary education in a district school of that county, continuing his studies up to his fifteenth year. Following his father's death he went to Nebraska, but a widespread financial panic was then affecting the country and times were so bad in the west that he could not find profitable employment and worked his way back on a cattle train to Cincinnati and by steamboat to Aberdeen, Ohio. There he entered the contracting and river transportation business on shares, continuing to carry on his interests in that way for about four years. He afterward bought and built barges and, as his financial resources increased, he extended the scope of his activities and began dealing in coal, which he sold to the wholesale trade. He also bought and operated his own tow boats, carrying on traffic between Pittsburg and Louisville and also for a time operating between Pittsburg, New Orleans and St. Louis. After proving his ability to successfully engage in the coal trade, he added a sand and gravel department to his business and also opened a retail coal yard, being associated in the latter undertaking with his two sons, F. E. and D. P. Hall. All of the interests in which he has been engaged have proven profitable owing to his careful management and wise. investment. He employs about one hundred and twenty-five men and even in the dull seasons keeps them on his pay roll. The high and creditable purpose which he thus displays is most commendable and he has the loyalty and respect of all who serve him. He is also a stockholder in several large corporations. He has never been actuated by reckless spirit of all overriding ambition which has reached out beyond the point of safety but has developed his business along steady and substantial lines, making his efforts count for the utmost and at no time overreaching the bounds of strict, commercial ethics. In Aberdeen, Ohio, on the 18th of January, ,I882, Mr. Hall wedded Miss Margaret Morgan of that place, a daughter of Frederick and Amanda Morgan. Her father was a highly respected farmer and early settler of Brown county, who came from Strassburg, Germany, to the new world. In this state he married Amanda Maddux, of Flemingsburg, Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have become the parents of two sons and a daughter : Frederick E., who is general manager and Douglas Putnam, the assistant manager of his father's business ; and Amy Gertrude, who, like her brothers, has graduated: from Kenyon College. The family reside at No. 613 Monroe street in Newport. Kentucky, thus enjoying the pleasures and benefits of suburban residence, while 622 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY their close proximity to the city enables them also to secure all of the advantages of metropolitan life. Mr. Hall is a progressive republican, keeping thoroughly in touch with the political questions and issues of the day and looking at such question's from the standpoint of a practical business man. Fraternally he is a member of several orders but his interests center most largely in his business. His offices at Nos. 450-456 East Pearl .street include a building one hundred by one .hundred feet and three stories in height. His large and extensive business is the visible evidence of a life of well direct energy and of persistent purpose. He is always just and considerate in his relations to employes and thoroughly reliable in his transactions with his patrons, and thus the name of T. J. Hall has become synonymous with creditable dealing.. ALFRED deW HOWARD. Alfred deW. Howard, who is prominent in lumber circles of Cincinnati and has made a gratifying success of his. calling, is a .native of New Brunswick, Canada. He was born November 26; 1870, a son of W. B. and Cecilia (Whittaker) Howard. William Howard, the grandfather of our subject, came from England to St. John, New Brunswick, and became one of the most influential merchants of that city. He carried on an extensive exporting business and built the first seven vessels at Courtney bay, where afterward large shipbuilding yards were located. He engaged in various enterprises, most of which proved successful, being interested in mines at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and in business enterprises at New Orleans. In addition to maintaining a home at St. John he owned a beautiful residence at Boston, Massachusetts, where he and his family spent a part of their time. On account of the location in Boston W. B. Howard, the father of our subject, completed his education at Harvard University. He also became a prominent business man and served for a number of years as chairman of the St. George Society at Chatham, New Brunswick. He made a special study of freemasonry and was prominent as a Royal Arch Mason, being frequently called upon by officials of the order to serve as director of ceremonies. Religiously he was identified with the Episcopal church of Chatham, New Brunswick, and served as warden for many years. He died at St. John, February 26, 1909, after reaching the age of sixty-six. years. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Howard were-six children, two of whom are living under the flag of the United .States : Alfred deW.; and George, who is engaged in the banking business at San Juan, Porto Rico. Mr. Howard, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, received his preliminary education in the public schools of New Brunswick. After leaving school he entered the employ of Manchester, Robertson & Allison, a wholesale and retail mercantile establishment of St. John, New Brunswick, and continued with this firm for twelve years, thus gaining a good practical knowledge of business. In 1900 he came to the United States and took charge of the general office of Walter A. Peck in West Virginia, being also prominently identified with the financial department. Mr. Peck died three years later and Mr. Howard was CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 623 connected with the Tug River Lumber Company at Bluefield, West. Virginia. for five years. He spent the next two years in Arkansas and then was appointed as manager of the lumber department of the Stearns Coal & Lumber Company of Cincinnati, a position which he held in 1909 and 1910. On April I, 1911, he associated with George W. Howard and they started the Alfred Howard Lumber Company of this city. The company handles hardwood lumber mostly, which it sells. in America east of .the Mississippi river. Mr. Howard is acquainted through personal inspection with the principal lumber producing regions of the country, and there are few men who are better in formed as to the condition and problems of the lumber business. In 1906 Mr. Howard was married to Miss Josephine Hawthorne, a daughter of J. E. Hawthorne, of Nottoway county, Virginia, and they have three sons, William, Alfred and George. Mr. Howard and .his family are attendants of Christ Episcopal church. He has made the Golden Rule a principle of his life—"Do unto others as you would have others do unto you." He is alert, energetic and forceful in business and possesses the rare ability of adapting himself readily to changing conditions. He has progressed along honorable lines and, therefore, as the years have advanced his reputation and influence have grown so that today he is one of the highly valuable men of the community. ALBERT P. STRIETMANN. One of the old and well known industries of Cincinnati is the biscuit factory which for the past ten years has been operating under the firm name of The Geo. H. Strietmann's Sons Company, of which Albert P. Strietmann has been president since 1903. He was born in this city on the ,l0th of August, 1873, and is a son of the late. George H.. and Ann Louise (Moeller) Strietmann. The father, who was born in Hanover, Germany, on the 14th of August, 1836, emigrated from his native land to Cincinnati in 1852. . During the first five years of his residence in the United. States he worked as a cooper, at the expiration of that time, however, he went into the retail grocery business continuing to be identified with that activity until 1863. He then entered the employ of E. D. Bennett, a biscuit manufacturer, as city salesman, remaining in that capacity for ten years. In association with a Mr. Hurley he subsequently bought the interest of Mr. Bennett and for eleven years thereafter the business was conducted under the firm name of Hurley & Strietmann. At the end of that period Mr. Hurley died and Mr. Strietmann bought his interest from the heirs, changing the firm name to that of the Geo. H. Strietmann Biscuit Manufacturers. The business continued to be operated under this name until after Mr. Strietmann's demise, which occurred on the 1st of July, 1895. The factory and business having been willed to the sons George E. and A. P., the elder was made president of the company, which was known as Geo. H. Strietmann's Sons until 1901, when they incorporated under the title of The Geo. H. Strietmann Sons Company, with George E. Strietmann, president and A. P., treasurer and manager. This arrangement remained in effect until the death of the elder brother, following which A. P. Strietmann was made president of the company. 624 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY The education of Albert P. Strietmann was obtained in his native city, in the pursuance of which he attended the public schools until he was fourteen years of age, following which he entered the Cincinnati Technical School, where he remained until 1889. Having decided upon a business career he then attended the Cincinnati Business College for a year, in order to acquire a more practical knowledge of commercial methods. At the expiration of that period he entered the employ of his father, serving in various capacities in order to thoroughly familiarize himself with every detail in the business. This has been one of the constantly and steadily growing industries of the city and is now the largest independent factory in Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia, Tennessee and. Kentucky. They manufacture a general line of biscuits and crackers and employ two hundred and fifty people in their plant. Some conception of the growth of the company can be formed from the increase in their flour consumption, which .in 1895 1910ousand barrels and in igio1910 thirty-six thousand barrels, a twelvefold increase in sixteen years. In this city on the 17th of August, 1897, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Strietmann and Miss Sophie, daughter of Bernhard and Sophia Harte. One child has been born of this union, George Harte, who was born June 5th, 1904. Both Mr. and Mrs. Strietmann are communicants of the German Evangelical church, and fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order in which he has attained high rank. He is connected with the Scottish Rite and is a member of the Avondale Lodge and the Shrine. Through the medium of his membership in the Business Men's Club, the Chamber of Commerce and the Commercial Association Mr. Strietmann maintains closer relations with his associates, and he is also affiliated with the Protestant German Orphan's Asylum and the German Altenheim. Various social organizations of the city claim his membership among which is the Cincinnati Auto Club of which he is a member of the board of governors, and the Hamilton County Golf Club, in which two organizations he finds scope and incentive for his chief recreations, golf and motoring. A progressive, enterprising business man Mr. Strietmann has not only kept up the standard established by his father but has advanced the business constantly during the period. of his administration, which has proven to be the most lucrative in the history of the industry. WILLIAM A. BRADFORD. The state of Kentucky has contributed many of its sons to Cincinnati and the commercial growth of the city has in a marked degree been due to their ability and energy. Of this number is William A. Bradford, who has for many years been prominently connected with the tobacco business. He was born at Butler, Kentucky, in 1849, a son of Hugh and Margaret (Chalfant) Bradford. The father was born and reared in the neighborhood of Butler and spent his entire life in Kentucky. He died, in 1892, at the age of seventy-two years. Mr. Bradford whose name introduces this sketch was reared in the paternal home and in the public schools received his preliminary education. In his young manhood he was attracted to the medical profession and studied medicine under. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 625 Dr., F. M. Harris, of Butler, and Dr. J. C. Darby, of Lexington, Kentucky. Subsequently he matriculated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery and was graduated from that institution in 1871 with the degree of M. D. He engaged successfully in practice in Butler and vicinity for seventeen years and then associated with C. C. Hagemeyer in the lumber and flour business. About 1879 he became interested in the tobacco business and since 1881 has devoted his attention principally to that line. He is now at the head of the firm of W. A. Bradford. & Company, owners of the Buckeye Leaf Tobacco Warehouse. The business- is carried :on in the building originally used as the Emory Candle .Factory. The warehouse was established in February, 1906, by Mr. Bradford and W. D. Collins and is now one of the flourishing and widely known concerns of the city. In 1872 Mr. Bradford was married to Miss Mildred Morris, a daughter of William Morris, of Charleston, West -Virginia. To this union three children have been born: Mrs. C. B. Ellis, -who resides at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Mrs. John Britton, whose home is at New Orleans, Louisiana; and W. Hugh, associated with his father in business. Mr. Bradford is identified with Bostwick Lodge. No. 508, A. F. & A. M., of which he is past master. He and his wife" are members of the Baptist church. at Butler but attend the Ninth Street Baptist church. In politics he supports the democratic party with which he has been in hearty sympathy ever since he attained his majority. He has taken an, active interest in advancing the cause of democracy and was a member- of the Kentucky legislature in 1883-84. He and his wife reside at Fort Thomas. As ',he is a man of high ideals and honorable business methods he possesses in an- unusual degree the confidence and good will of his fellow men. PHILIP MOESSINGER. The general real-estate and loan interests are ably represented in Cincinnati by Philip Moessinger, member of the firm of Jackson, Moessinger & Company. He is of German parentage and wag born in Cincinnati in 1852 a son of John Moessinger. The father was a native of Germany and came to the United States, taking up his home in Cincinnati. He secured employment in the office of the county auditor and was connected with that department at the time of his death in 1856, when he was only thirty-six years old. Although deprived of the protection and guidance of .a father at the age of four years, Philip. Moessinger later possessed advantages of education in the public schools, of which he industriously availed himself, thus making a. good start for the 'active duties of life. He learned the baker's and butcher's trades but gave them up in '1870, when he became identified .with the county. auditor's office. Seven years later he entered the platting department at the county courthouse and after four years' service was appointed bookkeeper to the sheriff, which position he filled, for. two years: In 1883, having gained a general knowledge of business: affairs and of land values, he entered the real-estate business under the title of Moessinger & Company and began laying out subdivisions and placing them on the market. He has laid out and sold five subdivisions, known as Woodburn Avenue subdivision, Norwood Highlands, South Norwood sub- 626 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY division, the property of the Euclid Land Association and Pleasant Ridge subdivision. He is now doing a general brokerage business, selling business and residence property, making loans on real estate, etc., and is one of the most active men along those lines in the city. He has been connected with the Cincinnati Real Estate Exchange ever since its establishment in 1888 and was elected second president of the organization, assuming office in 1889. The confidence of his associates in his judgment is indicated by the fact that he is now serving as chairman of the legislative committee of the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges, and he is also a member of the executive committee, which is elected for a period of three years. In 1880 Mr. Moessinger was married to Miss Anna Miller, a daughter of Henry Miller, of Cincinnati, and they have one child, Hazel. Mr. and Mrs. Moessinger reside in a beautiful home at Norwood. Until he moved to the suburbs Mr. Moessinger was a member of Kirkup Lodge, No. 401, I. O. O. F. He has passed through all' the chairs of the lodge and is also a past patriarch of Wildey Encampment. His name is also on the membership lists of the Cincinnati Commercial Association and the German Protestant Asylum. He is a republican but not a politician. The only public office he has ever held was that of councilman of Norwood, a position which he occupied from 1889 to 1890. He was one of the founders of Norwood and is one of its best known citizens. He is conservative and reliable—two factors that have contributed very largely to his success—and has. always looked conscientiously to the interests of his patrons. A public-spirited man, he has ably contributed' his part toward the development of the city in which he was born and whose progress has always been to him a source of the greatest pride and satisfaction. JOHN FEHRENBATCH. John Fehrenbatch, superintendent of the City Hospital, which position he has filled since August, 1896, was born in Rochester; N. Y., June 29, 1844. He was reared in' that city, and attended the public schools there. In August, 1863, he came to Cincinnati, Ohio, having in the meantime served an apprenticeship as blacksmith and machinist in his native city, so that he was qualified to take up work as a skilled mechanic on coming to Ohio. He was first employed as a machinist in the Charles Winchell Machine Shops, but soon afterward he enlisted in the United States Military Railroad service, in the department of the Mississippi, being on active duty in 1864-5. After his discharge from the service in March, 1865, he returned to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he remained until November, 1870, when he took up his residence in Cleveland, Ohio and where he was elected as member of the Ohio legislature in the fall of 1875 as a representative of the industrial interests of Cuyahoga County and served during the two sessions of the Sixty-second General Assembly. During this term he introduced a bill creating the State Bureau of Labor, a department which has worked wonderful good for the interests of organized labor.. He was also the originator of the idea to license locomotive and stationary engineers, a. plan which has since proven of inestimable value, not only to worker's in 'those fields, but to the public generally. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 629 Some knowledge of the scope of his activities may be gained from the fact that he has served as president of the "International Association of Mechanical Engineers," United States Supervising Inspector of Steam Vessels, Supervising Engineer of the City of Cincinnati, president of the National Association of Stationary Engineers, Superintendent of the Cincinnati Hospital and President of the American Association of Hospital Superintendents; also consulting engineer of the Board of Hospital Commissioners in building Cincinnati's new hospital. He is at present commander of the William H. Lytle Post No. 47 Dept. of Ohio Grand Army of the Republic. Upon completing the usual course of study, he was graduated from the Cincinnati Law School with the class of 1894, but after two years of practice, at the earnest insistence of his friends, he retired to take up the place he now holds so creditably to himself, and advantageously to the public. His 15 years service in this connection has won him high commendation from all interested. The most thorough system has been instituted and the utmost attention is given to cleanliness and sanitary conditions. Mr. Fehrenbatch possesses, moreover, a business ability and executive power and these qualities have made him a most competent official. Mr. Fehrenbatch is a member of all the Masonic bodies of both the York and Scottish Rites, being affiliated with Kilwinning Lodge, A. F. & A. M. Cincinnati Chapter R. A. M., Cincinnati Commandery K. T., Scottish Rite Consistory, S. P. R. S., and Syrian Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Queen City Council of Mechanical Engineers, and of the Cincinnati Association of Stationary Engineers, and is ex-president of the National Association of Engineers. He is the author of a library on "Steam Engineering," one of the greatest and most widely read and quoted works on this subject. He likewise holds membership with the Laughery Club and the members of these various organizations entertain for. him a warm regard which indicates the possession of attractive personal qualities on the part of him who receives the esteem and friendship of his fellowmen. JOHN MUELLER. It is to his own energy and determination as well as thrift that John Mueller is indebted for the success with which his efforts have been crowned. His birth occurred in Cincinnati on Christmas day, 1865, his parents being Andrew and Anna (Flickinger) Mueller: The father, who was born in Anweiler, Germany, in December, 1820, emigrated to the United States in his early manhood, locating in this city in 1848. Upon his arrival here Mr. Mueller engaged in farming, continuing to be identified with that vocation until 1858, at which time he entered the factory of the M. Werts Soap Company, as assistant cooker. He remained in the employ of this company during the remainder of his active career, being retired at the time of his demise in 'go0. The education of John Mueller was obtained in the common and high schools of Cincinnati, which he continued to attend until he had attained his fifteenth year. When he laid aside his school books he entered the employ of the Goode 630 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Candy Company, remaining there for five years during, which time he thoroughly familiarized himself with every detail of the work. Being an ambitious young man he was most anxious to establish a business of his own so in 1885 he resigned his position, and engaged in the manufacture of candy for himself. He continued to follow this occupation for twenty years when he organized the John Mueller Licorice Company, of which he is president, Mr. Mueller has met with more than average success in his enterprise and now has a, well established business, giving employment to thirty people. He confines himself entirely to the manufacture of licorice confections for the jobbing trade, his goods being sold throughout the United .States. A judicious advertiser,, he has ;created a wide demand for his brand which is sustained by the quality .of his products, and as a result he has a large: and constantly increasing patronage. On the 15th of May, 1889, Mr. Mueller completed his plans for a home of his own by his marriage .to Miss Elizabeth Denhart; daughter of John and. Elizabeth (Gerber) Denhart. One child has been born to them, Nelda Mae, a young lady of seventeen years, who is now attending the high school. The family affiliate with the German Protestant Emmanuel church, of which he has been treasurer for twenty-three years. Ever since attaining his majority Mr. Mueller has given his political support, to the candidates of the republican party. He holds membership in the Travelers' Protective Association, the Candy Jobbing Confectioners' Association and the: Candy Salesman's Association. He is in every sense of the word a self-made man, such success as has been awarded his efforts being the result of persistent endeavor, hard work and self-sacrifice—the qualities which enabled him to begin his business career before he had attained his majority. He and his family occupy a comfortable home at 1720 and 1722 Queen City avenue. CHARLES HENRY LAW In his boyhood days Charles Henry Law came to Cincinnati and throughout the' intervening years until his death was connected with those interests for which age qualified him—first the acquirement of an education and later the management of important business interests. His birth occurred in Savannah, Georgia, in 1842, and it was ten years later that the family removed to Cincinnati. His father, Dr. John S. Law, was for many years prominently identified with the insurance business here. While yet a young man Charles H. Law secured a position in the Ohio Valley Bank and gained still broader experience in connection with financial interests. as an employe in the First National Bank. He was afterward with the Commercial National Bank and at the time of his death was a director in the Fourth National. Bank as well as in !other corporations of the city. He also had ;extensive financial interests in New York and in Chicago in addition to his local investments, Several years ago he helped. to Organize the Corrugated Elbow .Company. of. the United States and, assisted by his father-in-law, the late William Resor, and others, developed the business into one of the successful industrial enterprises of the city. He was a man of almost limitless energy and moreover with remarkable readiness recognized the possibilities of a situation. The opportunities that others passed heedlessly by he noted and utilized, and the soundness of his judgment in business affairs is CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 631 indicated in the prosperity which attended his operations. He also became connected with the. Law Insurance Company and after the removal of his brothers, John H. and George W. Law, to Chicago, remained the active head of the business in Cincinnati until the condition of his health demanded his retirement. In 1869 Mr. Law was united in marriage to Miss Fannie Burnet Resor, a daughter of William Resor, one of Cincinnati's eminent business men and a representative of a family whose history is closely interwoven with that of the city. William Resor came to Cincinnati from Pennsylvania in early manhood and, seeking what he hoped would be a profitable field of labor, turned his attention to the business of stove manufacturing. For many years he conducted a stove foundry and the enterprise grew along substantial lines, bringing him gratifying success. Moreover his undertaking contributed to the reputation of Cincinnati as an industrial and commercial center, for his ramifying trade interests reached out to every section of the country and the name of the Resor Stove Company became a familiar one to the trade throughout the United States. As a citizen his labors were equally effective and beneficial. He was one of the first of Cincinnati's residents to select Clifton as a place of abode and was largely instrumental in converting it into one of the fine residential sections of the city. After ter residing there for a time he felt that the suburb needed local educational facilities and put the proposition before his fellow townsmen in this manner: That if they would buy a suitable piece of ground he would furnish three thousand dollars for the erection thereon of a school building. The proposition was accepted and the Resor school has been in constant use until a recent date, when it was supplemented by the new Clifton school. In many other ways Mr. Resor gave tangible manifestation of his public spirit and his benevolence was also indicated in his generous assistance of charitable institutions and necessitous individuals. He contributed generously toward the building of Calvary Episcopal church in Clifton and regularly attended its services. In the passing of William Resor, in 1873, Cincinnati lost one of her most prominent, active and honored citizens, over whose life record there fell no shadow of wrong or suspicion of evil. His wife survived him for about eighteen years and died in 1891 at the age of seventy-seven years. They were the parents of eight children, of whom the following are yet living : Charles H., Mrs. Seth Foster, Mrs. A. W. Whipley, Mrs. Charles H. Law and Mrs. Charles Stewart. To Mr. and Mrs. Law were born two daughters and two sons : Lavinia, now the wife of P. M. Pogue; Fannie, who is the wife of Dr. Stanley 0. Sabel of New York city ; Gordon Elliott ; and Russell. The family have enjoyed that social prominence which always results when wealth but forms the supplement of intelligence and broad culture. There was in Mr. Law nothing ostentatious but the sterling worth of his character gained him a position for which his abilities well fitted him. In politics a democrat, he served as county commissioner in the '8os and was later tendered the subtreasurership in Cincinnati by President Cleveland but declined the honor. He also filled the position of mayor of Clifton for a term before it was annexed to the city. When a young man he was captain in the First Regiment of the Ohio National Guard and was appointed colonel on the staff of Governor Campbell. In the 'Calvary Episcopal church of Clifton he served as vestryman and his interest in the work of the church was never of a perfunctory character but arose from a sincere desire 632 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY to promote its interests. He was a valued member of the Queen City Club, the Business Men's Club and the Walnut Hills Country Club, and was an enthusiastic yachtsman, holding membership in the New York Yacht Club and the Atlanta Yacht Club. He spent a portion of the winter in cruising in the gulf of Mexico and 0n the coast 0f Florida and each summer spent a few weeks on his yacht off the New England coast. It was largely in this way that he gained relaxation from arduous and important business cares and his guests on board the yacht found him a most agreeable and charming hosf and companion. A smile came quickly to his face, his sympathies were easily aroused and he was ever ready with apt and of times a witty reply. In the period of his residence in Cincinnati, covering fifty-two years—his death occurring March 19, 1904—he continually added to the circle of his friends, who in time became legion. CARL F. BURGER. Carl F. Burger is known in business circles of Cincinnati as the secretary and treasurer of the Burger Brothers Company at No. 222 Webster street. He is numbered among the native sons of this city, his birth having here occurred in 1874. His father, Louis Burger, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, on the 17th of March, 1842, and crossed the Atlantic to the United States when a young man of twenty-one years, locating in Cincinnati, Ohio. He did not embark in the malting business, however, until 1879, when he became a partner in the firm of Albert Schwill & Company. In 1880 he severed his connection with that concern and in partnership with is brother Charles established a malt house at the corner of Walnut and Back streets. Some years later they founded the business now conducted under the style of the Burger Brothers Company. The annual capacity of the plant was one hundred and twenty-five thousand bushels; and the company also conducted a brewers' supply and hop business at No. 908 Walnut street. Louis ,Burger passed away in February, 1901, and his interest in the business was then represented by his son Carl, who, together with Charles Burger, Sr., organized the firm of Burger Brothers. In many ways Louis Burger was a remarkable man. He possessed a judicial mind, formed no hasty opinions and was a man of calm, deliberate, unbiased and unusually accurate judgment. Though cautious and conservative by nature, he was both courageous and aggressive in carrying out a certain course of action when once convinced that it was right. He' was a fine linguist, speaking six languages. His disposition was kindly, his friends were many, and he deemed no sacrifice on his part too great if it would enhance the welfare or happiness of his family. He was a gentleman of large physique, both tall and broad, weighing nearly three hundred pounds and looking "every inch a man." His wife, who bore the maiden name of Louise Hepp, was born in Germany but resided in Cincinnati at the time of her marriage. She became the mother of two sons, Otto and Carl F. Mrs Burger still survives. Carl F. Burger enjoyed the advantages of a high school education and in 1891 became connected with the hardware trade. Two years later he was a traveling salesman for a hardware concern, acting in that capacity for a period. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 633 of eight years: Upon the death of his father, however, he abandoned all other interests to look after the former's business affairs. In 1903 the present company was formed and incorporated and the following officers were chosen : Otto Burger, president ; Louise Burger, the mother of Otto and Carl, vice president ; Carl F. Burger, secretary and treasurer and John Loesch assistant secretary. There has been practically no change in the business except that on the 1st of June, 1911, the company moved to its present quarters at Nos. 222 and 224 Webster street, having a five-story warehouse. The increase of the business had made larger premises necessary. As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life Mr. Burger chose Miss Edna Hausauer, of Buffalo, New York, her father being George M. Hausauer. They now have two children, Marion and Louis. Mr. Burger has attained high rank in Masonry, belonging to Carson Lodge, A. F. & A. M. ; Hanselman Commandery, K. T. ; Ohio Consistory, S. P. R. S. ; and Syrian Temple. N. M. S. He acts as treasurer of the Personal Liberty League of Ohio and is likewise a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the United Commercial Travelers Association, the Gymnasium Boat Club and the Cincinnati Automobile Club. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the English. Lutheran church. EDWARD H. THOMPSON, M. D. The record which Dr. Edward H. Thompson has made in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, places him with the more successful physicians of Cincinnati, particularly in the field in which he specializes. It has ever been his purpose to keep in touch with the most advanced work of the profession and reading and investigation have brought him wide and accurate knowledge. Ohio numbers him among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Franklin in 1876, his parents being George D. and Lou E (Service) Thompson. The father was born in Illinois but made permanent location in Cincinnati about a quarter of a century ago. He had previously visited the city at different times and during the period of his residence here he has become well known as an artist, doing special process work for the Strowbridge Lithographing Company. As a student in Hartwell high school, Dr. Thompson completed the regular public school course and afterward entered the Cincinnati University, where he took up the study of medicine, being graduated from the medical department in the spring of 1893. For five years he was with Dr. Holmes as his assistant and gained much valuable experience that well equipped him for engaging in practice on his own account when in June, 1903, he began specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat. To this branch of professional service he now devotes his entire time and attention and his labors have been crowned with a measure of success that is indicative of his comprehensive knowledge and of the ability he displays in the treatment of the various cases entrusted to him. He has served on the staff of the German Children's Orphans' Home and has belonged to the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine 634 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY since 1901. He is also a member of the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the American Ophthalmological and Laryngological Society. He holds to the highest standard of professional ethics and brings to his work a sense of conscientious obligation which, combined with skill and ability, both natural and acquired, places him in the foremost ranks among the oculists and aurists of Cincinnati. In 1904 Dr. Thompson was united in marriage to Miss Emily. M., daughter of H. A. Pape, of Cincinnati, and they have two children : Henrietta Louise and Marjorie Florence. Dr. Thompson and his wife are prominent socially and many of the attractive homes of Cincinnati extend to them a most cordial hospitality. Dr. Thompson is well known in fraternal and club circles, belonging to Kilwinning Lodge, F. & A. M., Kilwinning Chapter, R. A. M., the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, Cincinnati Lodge, No. 2, K. P., the Cincinnati Alumni Association of the Medical College, the Cuvier Press Club, the Cincinnati Gun Club, the Dayton Railway Gun Club, the National Rifle Association, the League of American Sportsmen, the United States Revolver Association and the Rotary Club of Cincinnati. These are an indication of the nature of his interests and recreation and in the different organizations to which he belongs he is popular because of an engaging personality and also because of his deference for the opinions of others. WALTER HARRIS AIKEN. In the department of music Walter Harris Aiken, for eleven years past superintendent of music in the public schools of Cincinnati, has gained a national reputation and thousands of school children have been made acquainted with the principles of music through the use of works of which he is the author. He is also a highly successful conductor and has had charge of some of the best trained singing societies the music-loving people of Cincinnati have known. He is. a native of this city, born September 27, 1856, a son of Charles and Martha Stanley (Merrill) Aiken, record of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Under his father Mr. Aiken of this review was inducted into the principles of vocal and instrumental music and even in his boyhood he gave indications of talents which pointed to a brilliant career as a musician. He began teaching music at Middletown, Ohio, in 1874, and was appointed superintendent of music in the public schools of Hamilton, in 1876. In 1879 he secured a position as teacher of music in the public schools of Cincinnati. He continued in this connection until 1900 when he was elected superintendent of music in this city, as successor to G. F. Junkermann. An instructor and leader of marked ability, he has greatly advanced the interest in music in Cincinnati, and the system employed in the public schools of this city ranks as second to none in any other city of the United States. Mr. Aiken was leader of one of the choral societies which sang at the May Festival in 1874 and also prepared the Choral 'Society of Hamilton, Ohio, for the festival of 1876. For many years he has been prominently identified with various musical organizations and is now a member CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 637 of the music section of the National Educational Association and has read many papers at various times before that body. As an authority on musical works Mr. Aiken has gained wide recognition. Among his books are : "Part Songs for Mixed Voices," which is used extensively in the high schools of the country ; and "Aiken's Short Course in Music," which is intended for intermediate schools and is proving highly popular. He has contributed about two thousand pages to the Willis Collection of Music, used in the public schools throughout the country as supplementary to the regular musical course. He has orchestrated most of his compositions and many of his productions have become well 4nown. Mr. Aiken is an indefatigable worker and in addition to his regular duties in connection with the public schools has had charge of the summer schools at Chicago, Illinois, Wooster, Ohio, and at Knoxville, (Tennessee) University. He is also an instructor of music at the Teachers College of Cincinnati University during the scholastic year. For many years he has been an enthusiastic student of botany which he adopted as his "hobby," this being a relaxation from his regular work. He served as curator of the Herbarium of the Cincinnati Natural History Society for five years, and has been curator of the Lloyd Library since 1905. Few men are as well acquainted with the plants of this section of the country and he has written two check lists of Hamilton county plants, one of which was published by the Natural History Society of Cincinnati in 1895, and the other by the Lloyd Library in 1910. In 1888 Mr. Aiken was married to Miss Lucy Bakewell Avery, a daughter of Dr. Charles Avery, of Cincinnati, and to this union three children have been born, Gwendolyn Bakewell, Walter Avery and Victor Audubon. Mr. Aiken has been a member of the Presbyterian church for thirty-five years and served as organist and choir leader at Middletown, Hamilton and College Hill. He has through conscientious application won many honors and now in the prime of an active and useful life is attempting to perform his duty to the school children of his native city and also discharge his obligations to the great brotherhood of man. His influence has always been toward the upbuilding of character and in harmony with the highest ideals of the race, and he has been fortunate in carrying forward to successful completion whatever he has undertaken.- No man in Cincinnati is more highly respected. ARTHUR CHARLES BAUER, M. D. Dr. Arthur Charles Bauer, who has been in the general practice of medicine in Cincinnati since 1893 and has also specialized to a considerable extent in gynecology, was born in this city, November II, 187o, a son of Christian and Anna (Lechner) Bauer. His paternal grandfather, Simon Bauer, was a German architect, who left his native country to establish his home in America, settling in New Orleans. After six months, however, yellow fever claimed him as a victim. His widow and their .two children afterward came to Cincinnati, Christian J. Bauer being at that time about five or six years of age. He was educated in the public schools of this city and became foreman in the stereotype department of the En- 638 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY quirer, which position he filled for thirty-five years, being one of the oldest stereotype men of the country and an authority upon that subject. At the time of the Civil war he espoused the cause of the Union, enlisting as a member of Company G, Thirty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, with which he served for four years. He was wounded in both feet and was held as a prisoner of war, in Libby prison at Richmond, Virginia, for some time, but at length was exchanged. He proved a valorous, loyal soldier, never faltering in the performance of any duty whether it stationed him on t lonely picket line or sent him to the firing line. He afterward became a member of Lytle Post, G. A. R., of which he served as commander, and he also belonged to the Union Veterans Legion. Fraternally he was connected with the Masons, holding membership in Miami Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of which he was a past master, while in the chapter he took the Royal Arch degree. He likewise held membership with the Tribe of Ben Hur. He died May 7, 1909, and is now survived only by Dr. Bauer, the eldest son of the family, Albert J. Bauer, having passed away. Dr. Bauer was educated in Woodward high school and in the University of Cincinnati, but ere completing his education he had entered the business world, working at various times in different departments of the Enquirer. He first acted as assistant to the manager of the weekly and later did reportorial work but the profession of medicine attracted him and to this he directed his atteniton, pursuing his preliminary reading under the preceptorship of Dr. L. A. Querner. Subsequently he was graduated from the Ohio Medical College with the class of 1893 and entered at once upon general practice, opening an office in Cincinnati. He also served as assistant at clinics of Professor Frederick Kebe-. ler and taught bandaging at the Medical College, being connected later with the clinics of the Cincinnati Medical College. He also taught materia medica at the Ohio Veterinary College and is now serving on the staff of the Cincinnati Post Graduate School of Polyclinic. He belongs to the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine and is serving on its legislative committee. He is also a member of the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the West End Medical Association. He thus keeps in close touch with the progressive work that is being done by the profession. He is a member of the executive board and treasurer of the Ohio Miami Medical College Alumni Association of the University of Cincinnati. In 1896 Dr. Bauer was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Hehl, daughter of Louis Hehl, of Baltimore, Maryland, a furniture manufacturer of that city. They have one child, Charlotte Alberta. Dr. and Mrs. Bauer now hold membership in the Presbyterian church, of. which Dr. Watson is pastor and he was formerly a trustee in the old Third Presbyterian church. He is well known in fraternal relations, belonging to Enoch T. Carson Lodge, F. & A. M., although he was made a Mason in Miami lodge. He likewise holds membership in Kilwinning Chapter, R. A. M., the Ohio Consistory, S. P. R. S. and Syrian Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He is filling the office of state counselor in the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and nearly every other position in that organization, including that of colonel of the Second Regiment of the Uniform Rank. He belongs also to the Tribe of Ben Hur, to the Knights of the Maccabees, the Ancient Order of Red Men, the Independent Order of Foresters and the Order of the Iroquois. In matters of citizenship he stands for all that is most helpful CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 639 to the community, state and nation. He believes in teaching patriotism to young men of the country and that only such immigrants should be allowed to enter as have the qualifications to become desirable citizens. He also holds that those who come here for temporary residence with the intention of only making money and no intention of identifying themselves permanently with the United States should not be permitted to furnish the competition of cheap labor with the native American labor. In a word he believes that America should be for Americans and that every citizen should help to promote the best interests of the country along those lines which work for the good of the majority. JOHN B. SCHEIBLY. The true measure of sucess is determined by what one has accomplished, and thus the record of John B. Scheibly is in contradistinction to the old adage that "A prophet is not without honor save in his own country." Cincinnati numbers him among her native sons, his birth occurring on the 31st of March, 1851, in what was then known as the third or Flat Iron Ward. At the usual age, he entered the public schools but his educational privileges were meager, for the limited circumstances of the family made it necessary for him, as he grew older, to seek employment whereby he might be of financial assistance. Consequently he was but a lad of twelve years when the heavy burden of providing for his own livelihood was laid upon his shoulders, and he took his initial step in the business world in a minor position with the firm of Marmet & Erkenbrecher, cracker manufacturers, to whom had been awarded the contract to supply hard tack for the soldiers during the Civil war. He remained in their employ for one year and then accepted the position of errand boy for Charles C. Chambers, a dry-goods merchant of this city. The kind consideration which was extended to the employes of that firm and the interest manifested in the young lad by the head of the concern were greatly appreciated by Mr. Scheibly, who in turn performed his duties with a promptness and faith fulness that won him promotion to the position of clerk. He continued with Mr. Chambers for four years, at the end of which time he became identified with Arthur W. Wright, also a dealer in dry goods, whom he represented as salesman for five years, or until the death of Mr. Wright. Upon severing his connection with mercantile interests, Mr. Scheibly accepted employment with Mcllvain & Spiegel, boiler manufacturers, and thus began a new chapter in his life record, whose pages were to mark a steady but gradual advance in the business world. It is a long reach from the humble position in which he first found himself to the office of chief executive, and yet such was the story of his association with the old, reliable firm of Mcllvain & Spiegel. Starting at the beginning, he served an apprenticeship of three years, and by the end of that time had thoroughly mastered all of the details connected with the mechanical end of the business. He then went upon the road as journeyman, representing the company in that capacity for eight years and thus familiarized himself with the business end of the enterprise. In the meantime, he had manifested such promptness and efficiency in the performance 640 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY of his duties and such fidelity to the interests of his employers that, in July, 1887, when a stock company was organized, he was chosen secretary and manager in recognition of his faithfulness and ability. He at once became a stimulating force in the conduct of the business which, through his untiring efforts, took on new life and spirit, its trade steadily expanding until today its output is not only shipped to all parts of this country but to foreign markets as well. In 1900, upon the deaths of Thomas McIlvain and William Spiegel, senior members of the firm which bore their names, Mr. Scheibly secured. control of the business and was elected to the office of president and general manager, devoting his entire time and attention to administrative direction. On the 20th of February, 1878, Mr. Scheibly was united in marriage to Miss Julia E. Waxier, and unto them have been born seven children, five of whom are now living. In his wife, Mr. Scheibly has indeed found a true helpmate, for in her are combined the loyal comrade and the wise counsellor, and to her ready sympathy and assistance in all of his interests he attributes much of his success in life. Such, in brief, is the life record of one of Cincinnati's successful citizens, to whom may well be applied the proud American title of a self-made man. In youth, ambition told to him the story of what might be accomplished and persistency of purpose never faltered until the goal was reached, and to his ready recognition and wise utilization of opportunities that have presented themselves can be traced in large measure the secret of his prosperity. FRANK X. KRUG. The success which has rewarded the efforts of Frank X. Krug, president of the Cincinnati Ice Manufacturing & Cold Storage Company is due to his tireless energy and perseverance. He was born in Cincinnati on the 2d of March, 1851, and is a son of Dogabirth and Geneva Krug. The father was a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, from which country he emigrated to the United States, locating in Cincinnati in 1846. Upon his arrival he followed his trade, which was that of a cabinet maker, later withdrawing to engage in the saloon business, with which he was identified until his death. Mr. Krug was a veteran of the Civil war, having enlisted in Company A, Tenth Ohio Infantry, which was known as the "Bloody Tenth," in 1861, being mustered out four years later with the rank of sergeant. The boyhood and youth of Frank X. Krug contained little of that care-free happiness which is considered to be the just heritage of every child. He attended the public schools until he was nine years of age at which period his education was terminated, and he entered the employ of Moses Mandelbaum, a cigar manufacturer. For two years he worked as a tobacco striper at one and a half dollars per week, then unloaded ice from boats, receiving for this one dollar and a quarter a boat. He engaged in various occupations from then until 1865, when he entered the machine shop of Steptoe & McFarland, where he remained for two and a half years learning the trade. Subsequently he apprenticed himself t6 Mr. Schlottenbach, a lime stone cutter, continuing with him for three years. At the expiration of that period he withdrew from this CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 643 business to drive an ice wagon for James, Cullen, in which capacity he remained for twenty-two years. By means of hard work and rigid economy he managed to acquire the capital to enable him to go into business, so resigning his position he established the Frank X. Krug Ice Company, which gives employment to fourteen men, and in 1907 he bought stock in the Cincinnati Ice Manufacturing & Cold Storage Company, of which he is now president. The subject of this sketch is also financially interested in Holden's Phosphate Company of Florida, in the Hotel Savoy in Cincinnati and the Cincinnati Insurance Company. Despite the prevalent theory of a man's best activities being exhausted at the age of forty years, Mr. Krug, who never engaged in business until he had passed that period, gives evidence of possessing the sagacity upon which has been founded his success. In this city on the 13th of August, 1870, Mr. Krug and Miss Mary Eliza McDaniel, a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of Samuel McDaniel, a well known cattle buyer of Maysville, Kentucky, were united in marriage. Fraternally he is identified with the Elks, being a trustee of that organization, and he is also a member of the Moose, Blaine, Altenheim, and Cincinnati Gun Clubs. Besides the responsibilities connected with his business he is also serving as a director of the Goldberger Iron Company, of which he is one of the stockholders. A self-made man, Mr. Krug at last found the opportunities for which he had: been seeking, which are always open to ambitious, industrious men, thus attaining the position which he occupies today.. FRED TUKE. The present efficiency of the Tax Payers Association of Hamilton county as an instrument for protecting the interests of tax payers from the avarice of spoils politicians and predatory corporations, is due in no small degree to the disinterested service and activities of Fred Tuke. Having sufficient personal means to render him proof against the allurements of personal aggrandizement and devoid of political ambition for himself, his first and only thought is for the welfare of the community, his idea of greatness being that he is greatest who serves most. About twenty-five years ago W. T. Pickering, a Mr. Block and some others organized a little association of Germans called the Landlords Protective Association. Paul Metzler was secretary for some years. At first the association was very small, being conducted along narrow lines. About fifteen years ago Mr. Tuke was elected secretary and manager and reorganized the association on broader lines. The name was changed to its present form. Believing the tax payers have a deep interest in every question affecting the welfare of the community, steps were taken immediately after Mr. Tuke's election to operate along modern lines and among other things to take an active interest in public affairs usually called "politics". Politicians of a certain class strongly resented this intrusion into their field, feeling that in a sense they "owned" the city. The association hopes to accomplish its aims through its educational work rather than by direct activities of its own, believing that when the public once under- 644 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY stands what are its true interests and the best method of serving and conserving those interests, it will at effectively. One of the principles of the association is "no compromise." It stands for what it believes to be right without fear or favor. Some of the things that have been accomplished by the association under Mr. Tuke's able leadership were the forcing of the reduction of the price of gas a few years ago ; the reduction in the price of water meters from fifty dollars to about fifteen dollars ; and the establishment of depositories for public money, which was agitated for five years before it was made into a law. The association played a most important part in starting the present movement for a more independent citizenship. For several years the Tax Payers Association was the only organization that had the. courage to take an open stand on the public or political questions. The sentiment aroused by the association has taken such hold bf .the public mind that other. organizations of a civic character are now openly agitating civic questions. Among legislative measures in which the association is interested, it has made a strong fight for a non-partisan judiciary ; civil service, as far as it has been made effective. The association will not rest until the absolute separation of local questions from state and national politics has been effected, believing that the affairs of the city should be administered in the same businesslike way as are the affairs of a large modern corporation. Fred Tuke, who is the leading and guiding spirit in these manifold activities, is an example of what can be accomplished in the present day in which we so,. often hear it said : "A young man has no opportunities." He was born in the province of Hanover, Germany, in 1861, and acquired the greater part of his education in the fatherland. When a youth of seventeen he crossed the Atlantic to the United States, locating in Cincinnati, where he worked, at various occupations until about 1883. Then, having had several years' experience in the hotel business, he embarked in that business on his own account and continued therein for eleven years. Having acquired' a competency, he retired from active business and took his family to Germany for a visit with his parents. After his return, having no business to occupy his thought and energy and having clearly shown at meetings of the Landlords Protective Association that its field of uselfulness could be, extended almost without limit, he was elected to his present position.. His activities were an enigma to the politicians. First the republicans thought he was after an office or was seeking some self-interest. When they discovered he would have nothing at their hands it was said he was looking for some reward from a democratic source ; and when he showed himself proof against all enticement they were at a complete loss to account for such a man. And indeed men living with an eye single to the advancement of the community's 'interests are rare. Time has shown that Mr. Tuke is one of that small number. About two years ago the firm of Fred Tuke & Son (the son being Louis J. Tuke) was established to engage in the general real-estate business. The younger Mr. Tuke looks after most of the details of this business. Our subject is likewise the secretary and director of the Eagle Savings & Loan Association. As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life Mr. Tuke chose Miss Lena Ridder, a daughter of Henry Ridder. She is a. native of Germany but was a CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 645 resident of Cincinnati at the time of her marriage. She became the mother of three children, two of whom are living, namely: Louis, who is his father's associate in business ; and John H., who is assistant secretary of the Cincinnati Mutual Insurance Company. Of Mr. Tuke it has been said : "He is a most approachable man, has a ready ear, keen perception, clear, calm, discriminating judgment and can handle many things at once without becoming flustrated. A man of very even temper, he is yet bold, courageous and aggressive when believing himself in the right. He has perfect mental poise and not a gray hair, showing that he does not take his worriments too seriously. He is an affable, courteous business man of splendid executive ability, who crowds the work behind him like a power dredge .and does it all without turning a hair." N. D. CARLILE HODGES. N. D. Carlile Hodges has served as librarian of the public library of Cincinnati since April, 1900. His birth occurred in'. Salem, Massachusetts, on the 19th of April, 1852; his parents being John and Mary Osgood (Deland) Dodges. The first representative of the family in this country was George Hodges, who ,emigrated from England about 1640, was married in 1663 and passed away in 1709. His. son, Gamaliel Hodges, was born in 1685, wedded Miss. Sarah Williams and lived to attain the age of eighty years. He was the father of John Hodges, the great-grandfather of our subject, who Was born on the 16th of February, 1723, wedded Miss .Mary Manning and lived to the age of seventy-six. Be was a sea captain and several of his sons also followed that calling. Six of the sons grew to manhood and became very tall. Great stature and longevity have always been characteristics of the Hodges family. Gamaliel Hodges, the grandfather of N. n. C. Hodges, was born on the 15th of August, 1766, and lived to be eighty-four years old. He was six feet, eight inches tall and a man of splendid physique. John Hodges, the father of the gentleman whose name introduces this review, was born in 1802 and, ,passed away in 1882. Throughout his active business career at Salem he was engaged in foreign trade until his retirement. N. D. C. Hodges, who was the youngest in a family of eight children, won the degree of Bachelor of Arts from. Harvard University in 1874 and attended the. University of Heidelberg during the following year. He acted as a private tutor in mathematics and physics at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1876 and 1877 and for the next four years was an assistant in physics at Harvard University. From 1883 until 1885 he was assistant editor of Science and subsequently served as editor of that publication for a period of nine years. From 1895 until 1897 he acted as assistant at the Astor Library of New York, while during the following three years he was identified with the Harvard University Library. Since April, 1900, he has been, the librarian of the Cincinnati Public Library. He was :a member of the advisory committee of the Chicago Public Library in 1909, served as president of the Ohio Library Association in 1904-05 and as president of the American Library Association in 1909-10. He is recognized as one of the lead 646 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY ing librarians of the country and his assistance is often sought in an advisory capacity. For investigation in molecular physics he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1879 and in 1882 became a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He made two determinations of the size of molecules, and one of the number of molecules in a cubic inch of hydrogen. Mr. Hodges has read many papers before scientific bodies, librarians' societies, etc. He has traveled abroad extensively and has brought back with him numerous photographs of places of interest, historical and otherwise. Many of these, valuable from an educational standpoint, have been enlarged - and hang in the library. A number of enlarged transparencies have been made from Mr. Hodges' negatives and are shown in specially designed cabinets, illuminated by electric lights. One unique department peculiar to the Cincinnati Library, introduced by Mr. Hodges and of inestimable value in an educational way, is a large collection of lantern slides which are loaned to lecturers in the same Way that books are circulated. The administration of the Cincinnati Public Library 'in Mr. Hodges' hands presents a model of up-to-date library methods, showing him to be not only abreast with the times but a leader in the progressive development of this great educational institution of the masses. On the 13th of May, 1886, Mr. Hodges was united in marriage to Miss Adele Louise Goepper, a daughter of Michael Goepper of Cincinnati. He is a member of Harvard Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. Needless to say, he is a man of broad culture and liberal views, ever tolerant of opinions which differ from his own. Affable and courteous, modest and unassuming, he believes that a man's greatness should be determined by the service he renders his fellowman. FRANK T. HIER. The secretary and treasurer, as well as general manager of The Cincinnati Ice Manufacturing & Cold Storage Company, Frank T. Hier, is another of the enterprising native sons of Cincinnati, his natal day having been the 6th of July, 1859. He is a son of Thomas B. and Nancy Hier, the birth of the father having occurred in Cincinnati in May, 1830. The public schools of his native city provided Thomas B. Hier with. his education, following which he learned the carpenter's trade, in which he engaged during his early manhood later becoming a contractor, continuing in this occupation until his demise in 1886. In the acquirement of his education Frank T. Hier attended the public and high schools of this city, until he had attained the age of fifteen years, at which time he laid aside his text-books to begin his career. His first position was that of clerk in the St. Nicholas Hotel, where he remained for a year and a half. At the end of that time he withdrew, in order to enter the employ of The Cincinnati Ice Company, whom he served in the capacity of clerk for ten years. In 1886 he accepted a position as superintendent of the ice department with The Cincinnati Ice Manufacturing & Cold Storage Company. He retained this connection until 1895, at which time he was promoted to the superintendency of the entire plant, the duties of which position he continued to discharge until 1907, when he was made general manager. Three years thereafter he was elected secretary and treasurer, which offices he has ever since filled in addition to his responsibilities as general manager. Frank X. Krug is president of the company, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 647 which is meeting with most gratifying success; now having fifty men in its employ. Before attaining his majority Mr. Hier was married, choosing for his helpmate Miss Minnie Spellman to whom he was united on the l0th of February, 1880. Four children have been born to them: Walter F., who died in 1885 nearly five years old ; Bessie, who died about 1884 about two years old ; Frank J., a lad of eleven years, who is attending the public schools ; and Thomas B., who died in 1902. Fraternally Mr. Hier is identified with the Masonic order, being affiliated with the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite his local membership being with McMillan Lodge, and he is also a member of the Elks, having been exalted ruler of that organization from April, 1900, to March, 1901. Politically, Mr. Hier has never accorded his support to any one party, always having cast his ballot for the candidate he considered as best fitted for the office, believing, in municipal affairs especially, that it is a matter of men rather than measures. Although success has attended the efforts of Mr. Hier during the years of his business activity, it has been the measured advancement which is ever the just reward of industry intelligently directed. JESSE J. MOORE. Jesse J. Moore is well known in commercial circles as a merchant tailor, and perhaps is as widely known in musical circles of the city. He was born in Mitchell, Indiana, January 25, 1858, a son of Joseph Moore, who was for a long period a resident of Mitchell, a representative of an old Kentucky family, who was born in 1825 and whose death occurred when he was seventy-seven years of age. He was one of the pioneers in Indiana. William Moore, the grandfather of our subject was a soldier in the war of 1812. The Moore family are of stalwart stock and remarkable for their longevity. Jesse J. Moore spent the first eighteen years of his life under the parental roof, and in 1876 came to Cincinnati, where he obtained employment in the Shillito store, working in the cloth department. He was with that house for eight years, during which time he learned at night the art of cutting. In 1884 he left the Shillito people to engage in the tailoring business on his own account, opening an establishment at 708 Race street, where he continued for three years. At that time he made a specialty of making trousers, soliciting business himself and doing his own cutting. In 1887 he removed to the southeast corner of Seventh and Race streets, where he has since been located. Here his business increased so rapidly that he had to hire cutters and other workmen. He practically started in without a dollar, but has rapidly progressed in his business which has grown to such an extent that his annual sales at times have reached fifty thousand dollars. He employs thirty people, including two cutters, and his trade comes from the better class of Cincinnati's citizens. He started out resolved to do fine tailoring at reasonable prices, and has judiciously used advertising to win patronage and gain for himself the business which he now enjoys. Among his customers are those who have given him their support for twenty-seven years, and the volume of his trade now makes his business a very large and profitable one. 648 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY In 1887 Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Ella Hamilton, a daughter of Captain E. P. Hamilton, of Louisville, Kentucky, who was one of the prominent wholesale commercial merchants of that city for a long period, and there died at the age of sixty-three years. He lived an upright Christian life, and served as a deacon in the Broadway Baptist church, of Louisville, in which he held membership. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have one daughter, Hannah, who was graduated from Miller's College with the class of 1909, and resides with her parents in their attractive home at 2216 Madison avenue, Norwood. Mr. Moore has been for years a valued member of the Business Men's Club. He is widely known in fraternal circles, and has obtained the Knight Templar degree in Trinity Commandery and the thirty-second degree in the Consistory of the Scottish Rite. He also belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, to the Odd Fellows society, and for years has been a member of the Knights of Pythias. He is widely known in musical circles, and for eight years sang in the Scott .Street Methodist Episcopal church, of Covington, while for fifteen years he sang first tenor in the Apollo Club. One of his chief sources of interest and recreation is music, which takes him away from the cares of business and develops that reviving spirit which is an indispensible factor in the life of every successful business man. ALFRED VOGELER. One of the most successful business men of Cincinnati is Alfred Vogeler of the Alfred Vogeler Drug Company, wholesale druggists and dealers in druggists' sundries. Mr. Vogeler is an illustrious example of men who by the employment of force and energy have risen to important positions. He was born at Cincinnati, August 20, 1861, a son of Frederick Vogeler, a native of Germany. The father was for many years engaged in the drug business in this city. He retired in 1888 and returned to Hanover, Germany, his birthplace, where he continued during the remainder of his life. He died in 1902. Mr. Vogeler of this review attended the public schools of this city but in 1875, being then fourteen years of age, was sent to Germany and for five years was a student of the public schools of that country. In 1880 he returned to Cincinnati and soon afterwards went to New York city where for six years he was connected with the large drug concern of Lehn & Fink, learning the drug business thoroughly. At the end of the time named he returned to Cincinnati and has ever since been actively connected with the traffic in this city. The company of which he is the head originated in 1849 in a retail drug store which was located at the corner of Sixth and Main streets and owned by George M. Allen. In 1859 this store passed into the possession of A. Tafel and .a year later Frederick Vogeler, the father of our subject, became a partner, the title of the firm being Tafel & Vogeler. The firm soon afterwards entered the wholesale trade and moved to a larger building, at the southeast corner of Main and Sixth streets, soon gaining recognition as one of the flourishing wholesale houses of the city. In 1865 Mr. Vogeler withdrew temporarily but a year later again became connected with the house. In the meantime the firm had become known