750 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY membership in the Transportation Club and for ten years past has been identified with the Chamber of Commerce. Politically he is independent, preferring to vote for the individual rather than in support of any party organization. He has never sought the honors of public office but is now serving as a member of the town council of Hartwell. Being active, energetic and capable in everything he undertakes, he has succeeded in his business and is known as one of the thoroughly efficient and reliable railway men of Cincinnati. He owes his success to knowledge of his special branch in all its details, acquired by years of experience through contact with men and by close observation and study. He long since learned that excellence is attained only through great labor and he has never been afraid to work, hence his advancement and his present highly creditable standing. in the community. VICTOR RAY, M. D. In this age of the world the life is most serviceable which is concentrated upon a broad department of labor ; it is preeminently an age of specialization and the work of the medical profession has become so complex that to attain a high degree of proficiency one must give undivided thought and purpose to a particular branch of practice. This Dr. Ray has done and as an occulist and aurist has become well known in Cincinnati as one whose ability places him among the prominent representatives of this particular field. He was born in New York city June 28, 1866, his parents being Daniel Gano and Josephine Augusta (Weaver) Ray. The family is of English extraction, tracing the ancestry back to John Ray, the naturalist. William Ray, the great-grandfather of Dr. Victor Ray, settled in Virginia in 1789 and the family was established in Cincinnati by his son; Dr. Joseph Ray, the grandfather of our subject, who came to this city about 1812. He was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, November 25, 1807, and his life record covered the intervening period to the 16th of April, 1855. He married Catherine Gano Burt, a daughter of Andrew. Burt, and became one of the distinguished teachers connected with the public school system of the state, and his work. ever an inspiration to those who came under his instruction. No history of Cincinnati would be complete without extended reference to him and it is but fitting that we digress in .a history of his, grandson, Dr. Victor Ray, to mention this worthy and honored ancestor. Of him it has been said : Early in life he was disciplined in the school of poverty and was forced at the age of sixteen to teach school. With means saved from his meager salary he entered upon a course of study at the Ohio University but before completing his graduation he was compelled to return to this city and again engaged in teaching. Later on he entered the Ohio, Medical College from which he was graduated in 1829. His ability as a physician was soon recognized and his practice became remunerative, but a school was opened in 1831, called the Woodward high school, and, the, young physician was offered the position of teacher of arithmetic in the. school. His love of mathematics induced him to accept this offer. Three years later, when the school received its charter as Woodward. College, Dr. Ray was made professor of mathematics.. This was the turning point CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 751 in his life. While other professors after brief periods of service resigned, he remained *with the college until it surrendered its charter. Dr. Ray became the first principal of the Woodward high school under the new organization. The plan of making Woodward a part of the public system of free schools was accomplished mainly through the efforts of Samuel Lewis, the first trustee and the legal advisor of William Woodward, but he received valuable assistance in this important work from his life friend and coworker in the affairs of the school, Dr. Joseph Ray. Dr. Ray .was a life director of the House of Refuge, was an active member of the State Teachers' Association, a regular contributor to several school and scientific journals, and was in demand as a lecturer, especially on educational subjects. He revolutionized the teaching of mathematics in the public and private schools of the middle west, mainly through his popular series of arithmetics, algebras, and his work on geometry and trigonometry. Dr. Ray was for many years a member of the board of examiners and always insisted that every applicant for a teacher's certificate must be proficient in mathematics. Largely through his efforts students from the Cincinnati schools became noted, on their entrance to eastern colleges, for their preparation in mathematical subjects, and Cincinnati still maintains her reputation in this respect. Dr. Joseph Ray was not only a great teacher, but he was a true Christian gentleman. While mathematics was his favorite field of work, even it was subordinate to his intense desire to develop in his pupils a high standard of moral excellence. He would stop in the Midst of the most profound demonstration to correct a fault in a pupil or to tell a story to prove that the world needs men and women of high character as well as high scholarship. While no pupil ever saw the doctor angry, his righteous indignation at any petty meanness of a boy or girl made a lasting impression. His personal interest in his pupils was shown not only while in the school, but he followed them out into the world in his efforts to find them positions suited to their -ability and get them well started on life's journey. Can we wonder that Dr. Joseph ,Ray was so universally loved and so greatly mourned when removed by death while in the very prime of his useful life ?" Daniel Gano Ray; the son of Dr. Joseph Ray, was born in. Cincinnati in 1833 and died in 1881. He elected to follow the profession of law as his life work and practiced for many years but also spent much of his time in traveling abroad. He was president of the union board of the high school and was prominently associated with public events, especially of a political character, being a leading member of the republican party in this district. He served in the legislature where he gave careful consideration to all questions which came up for settlement and at all times his public service was actuated by the spirit of lofty patriotism. In every possible way he encouraged progress and improvement and was the founder of the Ray medals given at the Woodward high school: He married Miss Josephine Augusta Weaver, a native of New York city, and to them were born two children who are now living, the elder son being John Stites, a mechanical engineer of Chicago: Dr. Victor Ray spent twelve years of his youthful days in Europe where he studied under private tutors.. In 1880 he returned to Cincinnati and attended the Woodward high school which was under the supervision of his honored grandfather. In 1884 he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in which he pursued a three years' course, after which he turned his attention to 752 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY metallurgical engineering, engaging in that profession until 1894. He then matriculated in the Miami Medical College and was graduated with the class of 1897. Valuable practical experience came to him as interne in the City Hospital through a period of eighteen months and he was also house surgeon for six months. He then became associated with Dr. Robert Sattler, with whom he has since continued in active practice, and their position is one of recognized prominence and importance in their chosen field. Dr. Ray has twice gone abroad for study in Vienna, Berlin and London, where he has familiarized himself with the advanced methods of some of the most eminent members of the profession in the old world. He concentrates his entire attention upon the treatment of diseases of the eye and ear and is now serving on the staff of the City Hospital, on the staff of the Ophthalmic Hospital, and is assistant clinical professor of ophthalmology in the Ohio Medical College. He is likewise a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and is a fellow of the Academy of Ophthalmology and OtoLaryngology. He also belongs to the Sigma Chi Omega Upsilon Phi college fraternity. Dr. Ray was married October 22, 1887, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Granger, a daughter of Edward Granger, of Boston, Massachusetts, and they have three children : Maud, now the wife of Dr. Frank William Case, of Cincinnati ; Victor, a pupil of the Woodward high school, representing the fourth generation of the family connected with that school ; and Louise, at home. Dr. Ray and his wife occupy a prominent position in social circles of the city, where intelligence and true worth are received as passports into good society. His life has been a most serviceable one, functioning for advancement and progress in the profession, and the ability which he has acquired through earnest, persistent effort and wide study places him in an enviable position in the ranks of the medical fraternity in his native city. CHARLES CHRISTIAN SCHREIBER. Laudable ambition prompted Charles Christian Schreiber to great activity in the business -world and high and honorable principles actuated him in every relation of life. He was one of the eminently successful men of Cincinnati, whose efforts have contributed in no small degree toward making this the metropolis of the Ohio valley. He was born in Cincinnati, October 19, 1854, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Leonard Schreiber, who came from Furth, Germany. The father arrived in this city when a young man and was first employed by Max Wocher. About 1854 he established business on his own account on Walnut street in connection with the iron industry and continued to operate in that field of activity up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1910, being president of a company that figured most prominently in the business circles of the city. He was als0 president of the German Mutual Insurance Company nor did he confine his activities entirely to commercial and industrial affairs, for in other connections he was well known and his sterling personal traits won him kindly CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 755 regard. He belonged to the German Pioneer Society and was a member of the Turners Society. Charles C. Schreiber, the ,second in order of birth in a family of eight children, was reared and educated in Cincinnati and when about eighteen years of age joined his father in business, making it his first duty to master every branch of the industry with which he thus became connected. He learned the business in principle and detail and when about twenty-five years of age assumed the management of the large industrial enterprise which had been built up. In 1888 the company removed to a, large plant on Eggleston avenue, purchasing the ground from the Rawson estate, and Charles C. Schreiber had full charge of the erection and equipment of the new buildings, as his father was absent in Europe. For many years the senior Schreiber left everything to his son, who from the beginning displayed an aptitude for successful management and proved his worth in the careful management and control of the business which became one of the profitable industrial concerns of the city. About 1896 he erected another large plant in Norwood, for which he drew the plans and for which he had all the iron work done in the other shops. Originally the company engaged only in ornamental constructional iron work but subsequently took up the building of large ice plants, breweries, etc., thus putting into execution ideas and plans that evolved from the fertile brain of Charles C. Schreiber. When the American Bridge Company monopolized most of the iron construction work Mr. Schreiber established an ornamental iron department in his plant and in that line their work became famous all over the world. They were the builders of the beautiful iron stairs in the CQngressi0nal library at Washington, and also in the Art Hall of Cincinnati and the government building in Denver, Colorado. All these received great praise and almost equally fine work has been done in many other public and private buildings in various sections of the United States. The business of the company in this department grew rapidly and substantially and the spirit of modern enterprise and progress which has given America leadership in industrial arts was ever a characteristic of the Schreiber Company. Not only did Charles C. Schreiber formulate and execute the plans which gave his enterprise a notable position of prominence but also did much work in connection with the National Iron League, which honored him with election to the presidency and which went out of existence after he became ill and could no longer manage its affairs. He was also the president of the Iron League of Cincinnati and likewise held membership with the Manufacturers' Club of Cincinnati and at all times was helpfully interested in the movements which have worked for the material and business development of the city. Mr. Schreiber was married twice, his first wife bearing the maiden name of Anna Krug. On the 15th of February, 1888, he wedded Miss Cora Barth, a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Lay) Barth, who were pioneers of Cincinnati. Mrs. Schreiber was born in this city and has always resided here. She is a graduate of the Hughes high school and occupies a fine home in McGregor Park, which was erected the year after her marriage and was the first residence to be built in the park. Her father was born in Leipsic, Germany, and when a young man came to Cincinnati, where he was married. For many years he was recognized as one of the most prominent residents of the city, was president of the Cincinnati Type Foundry Company, a charter member of the Turners Society 756 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY and of the old German Pioneer Society. Both he and the father of Charles Schreiber were among the founders of the Zoo of Cincinnati. Mr. Barth was known as the inventive genius of the type world and many of his inventions were exhibited at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904. He passed away February I, 1907, and was laid to rest in Spring Grove cemetery. It was in that cemetery that the grave of Mr. Schreiber was also made when he was called to his final rest August 8, 1909. The Avondale Masonic Lodge numbered him among its charter members and he also took the degrees of the Scottish Rite. He likewise belonged to the Turners and was thus well known in several fraternal and social organizations. As a business man his name was familiar in various sections of the country and the importance of his industry contributed to Cincinnati's commercial greatness. He has been aptly termed a man of purpose and the story of his career is the story of honest industry, thrift and business ability. LUKE W. SMITH. One of the most widely known representatives of the commercial activities of Cincinnati is Luke W. Smith, president of The Charles E. Smith & Sons Company, and of The Northcott-Smith-Wilson Company. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, on the 26th of November, 1871, and is a son of Charles Edward and Mary J. (Hitchcock) Smith. The father, who was left an orphan at a very early age, was a native of Wilbraham, Massachusetts. In his early manhood he went west, first locating in Chicago, whence he removed to Bay City, Michigan, where he engaged in the lumber business as a member of the firm of Bradley, Sheppard & Smith. As the company lost its sawmill by fire, Mr. Smith came to Cincinnati in 1876 to take charge of the men's furnishing goods business owned by Wilson Brothers of Chicago. Three years later he purchased the business which was thereafter conducted under his own name, Charles E. Smith, until 1890. In the latter year he formed a partnership with his two sons, Luke W. and C. Birdsall, continuing under the name of Charles E. Smith & Sons. Mr. Smith passed away in 1900 and in 1902 the firm was incorporated with Luke W. Smith as president and treasurer, Mrs. Mary H. Smith, the widow of Charles E. Smith, as vice president and C. Birdsall Smith as secretary. For his wife and helpmate Charles E. Smith chose Mary J. Hitchcock, a daughter of Luke Hitchcock, originally of Cincinnati but at that time a resident of Chicago. To them were hue six children : Elizabeth, who is a resident of Denver, Colorado ; Luke W., our subject ; C. Birdsall, who is living in Cleveland ; Phila W., the wife of Eldon R. James, of Cincinnati ; Mary Alma, who is living in Denver ; and C. Wilson, a resident of the same place. The father passed away at the age of fifty-seven years but the mother survives and makes her home in Denver, Colorado. The family always attended the Methodist Episcopal church of which the parents were both enthusiastic and active members. Luke W. Smith was yet in his infancy when his parents removed to Cincinnati, in whose public schools he received his education. After attending the high school he entered his father's store in order to fit himself for a commercial career. He is thoroughly familiar with every phase, of the clothing and furnish- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 757 ing-goods business having been identified with it since his early youth, and is recognized as one of the best men in his line in the city. Since April, 1909, he has been president Of The Northcott-Smith-Wilson Company, dealers in men's clothing and hats, the company having at that time been incorporated. G. A. Northcott of Huntington, is vice president ; and Fred B. Wilson, secretary. In addition to his administration of. his own private interests Mr. Smith finds ample time to do a great deal of work toward advancing the commercial and industrial interests of his city. A very public-spirited man, he is tireless in his efforts to promote the future of Cincinnati. Recognizing its excellent advantages, in reference to location and shipping facilities, he believes implicitly in its possibilities and has the faculty of inspiring others with his wonderful enthusiasm. At the present time he is treasurer of the Cincinnati Commercial Association and chairman of the membership committee, and while serving in the latter capacity has succeeded in adding many new names to its roll. For eight years he was director of the old convention league and he also acted as its treasurer. He has always been active and enthusiastic in cooperating with all organized efforts for the city's development and is now giving much time and attention to the work of the Federated Improvement Association of which he is treasurer ; he is also a director of the Mercantile Library. Mr. Smith married Miss Norma Hall, a daughter of Major Josiah C. Hall, of Cincinnati, and they have become the parents of two children, Hall Charles and Jane Adelaide. He and his wife hold membership in the Mt. Lookout Methodist Episcopal church of which they are both active workers and Mr. Smith is treasurer of the church. He is also identified with the Business Men's Club and the Hyde Park Country Club and Automobile Club. He is recognized as one of the capable and successful business men of the „city, who possesses the qualities which enable him to permanently develop and firmly establish anything which he undertakes, his enthusiasm not being of the variety which quickly burns itself out. I. N. PRICE. I. N. Price, at the head of the firm of I. N. Price & Company, prominent commission merchants and importers and exporters of fruits and vegetables, was born on a farm near Braddock, in Fayette county, Pennsylvania. On the maternal side he is of German descent, his grandparents having come to this country from Germany about 1789, and settled in Pennsylvania. His paternal grandparents, however, were born, reared and married in Virginia and from that state they removed to Pennsylvania in 1800, Fayette county being the birthplace of both of his parents. He was seven years of age when he accompanied them on their removal to Highland county, Ohio, in 1860, and there he was educated. The mother and children made their way to this state by the river route but the father, Ephraim Price, traveled on foot, driving his stock across the mountains. Reared on the homestead in his native state, I. N. Price acquired his education in the common schools. When old enough to begin his career as a wage 756 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY earner having decided upon a commercial career he entered a produce house, and there he thoroughly familiarized himself with the business in which he has met with such excellent success. In 1880 he engaged, in business for himself in a small way under the firm name of I. N. Price & Company. Having conducted his enterprise and all transactions in a manner, entirely consistent with the best business methods, he has steadily and permanently advanced until' his firm is recognized as one of the best in the middle states. Their gross receipts, have grown- from less than ten thousand to over a half million dollars per year, and they import and export fruit and vegetables throughout the commercial world. For his wife Mr. Price chose Miss Rose Ruvers of Cincinnati, a daughter of John Ruvers, formerly a steamboat captain of Memphis, Tennessee. Two children have been born by this union : Harry J., who is the elder ; and' Adelaide W., who married Louis P. Harris. Harry. J. Price was born in Cincinnati on the 3d of January, 1879, and after completing his, high-school course he entered the Cincinnati University and Technical School, being graduated with the degree of bachelor of science. He subsequently became associated with his father in the commission business, and ,has now been a member of the firm for about eleven years. He married Wilhelmina Schurmeier, a daughter of Captain H. S. Hurter, of Washington, D. C., and they have one son, Harold Robert. The entire family manifest their religious views through their affiliation with the Westminster Presbyterian church, with which organization the parents have for many years been identified. THE BARRETT MANUFACTURING COMPANY. Among the important concerns of Cincinnati should be named the Barrett Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of roofing and coal-tar products upon an extensive scale. The company originated in 1848 and has been located in Cincinnati 'for about thirty-two years, the present site of the plant being at 529 Carr street. There are eleven branch offices of the company, located in various cities, extending from Boston, Massachusetts, to Kansas City, Missouri, and as far south as New Orleans, Louisiana. A large factory is also in operation in London, England. In this city the company gives employment to about twenty persons and its business amounts to about three hundred and fifty thousand dollars a year The territory in charge of the Cincinnati branch extends north to Lima, Ohio, east to Columbus, south to Chattanooga and Bristol, Tennessee, and west to Kokomo, Indiana. The products are sold under the trade names of Amatite, Amazon and Black Diamond roofings ; tarred roofing; waterproofing and sheathing felts ; building paper ; roofing, waterproofing and paving pitch : Tarvia macadam binder; refined coal-tar; roof coating; and metal and shingle paint. Fred Jones,. manager for the company at Cincinnati, is a native of London, England. He was born in 1865 and is a son of Hugh and Ann (Brown) Jones. He was brought to Cincinnati by his parents at the age of two years and has ever, since made his home in this city. The father was a stone sculptor. He CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 759 died from smallpox during an epidemic of that disease about six months after his arrival in this city. Although early deprived of a father's protection, the son Fred possessed advantages of education in the public schools and at the age of eighteen years became connected with the roofing business as office boy for the firm of Pine & Osborn. Later he entered the employ of the Barrett Manufacturing Company, with which he has been identified for seventeen years. He began as salesman and performed his duties so acceptably that six years ago he was advanced to the position of manager. In this office he has displayed an ability which is highly gratifying to stockholders of the company. In 1886 Mr. Jones was married, in this city, to Miss Emily Robinson, a (laughter of James Robinson, who lives to the age of ninety-seven years and whose mind was clear to the last. He was a brother of John Robinson, one of the noted circus men of America. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Jones, namely, Lydia, Grace, Frank, Fred, Jr., and Ann. Mr. Jones has from his boyhood been active, energetic and thoroughly capable in everything he has undertaken and ranks among the successful and progressive men of Cincinnati. He is a member of the Sales Managers' Association and a director of the Hyde Park Business Men's Club. The company of which he is the representative is the best known concern in the world and also the largest. It was established in 1848 and is capitalized at seventeen. million dollars. It manufactures eighty per cent of all the coal-tar products of the United States. Mr. Jones is allied with the best interests of the community and his integrity has never been questioned. Possessing a pleasing personality and fine address, he has made wise use of his opportunities and has won high standing among a wide circle of associates and friends. ALBERT G. SCHWARTZ. From clerk to president covers the scope of Albert G. Schwartz' labors in connection with The M. Werk Company of Cincinnati. He has been connected with the business since 1886 and advancement has come to him in recognition of merit. Born in Cincinnati, December 19, 1865, he is a son of Michael Schwartz. At the usual age he was sent to the public schools and continued his studies until he was graduated from the Woodward high school with the class of 1884. His first business experience was as a clerk of the firm of Flach Brothers, wholesale grocers. With this firm he remained for a year but gave up this position in order to enter business college. After finishing his course he secured a position as clerk with The M. Werk Company. Conscientiously he worked to master the various branches of the business and receiving the advice of experienced superiors, his father and Mr. C. L. Werk, son of the founder of the business, he gained knowledge of the office as well as the factory. In 1894 he was elected secretary and treasurer of the company. In 1904 his father, Michael Schwartz, then president of the company, decided to retire and his son Albert was elected to succeed him as president and Emile E. Werk became secretary and treasurer. The business of The M. Werk Company was established by Michael Werk in 1832 and is the oldest soap and candle business in Cincin- 760 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY nati and well known all over the United States. The factory was destroyed by fire in 1874 but a new plant was built on the same site. When the original plant was erected in 1832 it was outside of the city limits ; today it is in the center of a thickly populated district—such has been the growth of Cincinnati. The company has acquired about twenty acres at St. Bernard where they will have a very much larger, modern, fireproof plant completed in the near future, giving them the very best railroad facilities and enabling them to take care of their increasing trade, especially on their Tag Soap, which is known to every housekeeper. This new plant will have every modern apparatus for manufacturing soap, candles and glycerine. Mr. Schwartz was united in marriage to Miss Geneva H. Muth, a native of Cincinnati and a daughter of Henry Muth. Their children are three in number, Alberta, Geneva and Jane. Albert G. Schwartz is a director of the Provident Savings Bank & Trust Company, with which he has been identified since its organization, and is naturally proud of the success of this institution. He is also a member of the Business Men's Club, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite 'Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He has a keen appreciation for true friendship and has drawn around him many warm and .faithful friends both in business and social circles. GRIFFIN TAYLOR. The student of history cannot carry his investigations far into the annals of Cincinnati without learning of the close and honorable connection of Griffin Taylor with events which shaped the upbuilding and promoted the interests of this city. He made for himself a creditable position in both business and official circles. Almost a half century has come and gone since he passed away and yet the impetus which he gave to commercial and financial affairs and to public interests is still felt in the life of the city. Griffin Taylor was born in Washington, Kentucky, in 1797, and passed away in Cincinnati, December 22, 1866. His parents were John and Sarah (Mackinnon) Taylor. The father died during his early boyhood and he afterward came to Cincinnati with his mother, who later became the wife of David Kilgour. Subsequently he was employed by his stepfather and, proving his worth as an able assistant in the business, he was eventually admitted to partnership in the wholesale grocery establishment, which was then conducted tinder the firm style of Kilgour, Taylor & Company. This became one of the leading commercial enterprises of the city of an early day, nor did it indicate the entire extent of Mr. Taylor's interests. He became a stockholder in the Lafayette Bank and was afterward elected its president. He was also the first president of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, was a director and the first treasurer of the Spring Grove Cemetery Association and was president of the company which built the Burnet House. On the 19th of August, 1819, in Princeton, New Jersey, Mr. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Mary S. Thomas, of Elizabeth, New Jersey, and unto them were born five daughters : Sarah, the wife of Emanuel J. Miller; CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 763 Elizabeth, the wife of Lieutenant Alexander Montgomery ; Caroline, who married James M. Dickson ; Mary ; and Harriet. Mr. Taylor gave his political allegiance to the whig party and, although not an office seeker, was at times active in public office. He was one of the commissioners of the city waterworks, having charge of the building of the old Front street plant, which was recently dismantled. A photograph of the tablet, giving the names of the commissioners and the dates of the beginning and completion of the work, was published in the Times-Star when the old buildings were razed. Mr. Taylor assisted financially A. B. and E. Latta, who perfected the steam fire engine, his work in this connection entitling him to be remembered with 'gratitude by the people of Cincinnati. He received no remuneration and expected none, his expenditures being made solely for the purpose of securing better protection from fires for the city. His home at Third and Vine streets was a landmark of Cincinnati and it was pervaded with a spirit of old time southern hospitality, being always open for the reception of the many friends of the family. The name of Griffin Taylor well deserves a place upon the pages of Cincinnati's history as one who gave stimulus and form to the early business enterprises that constituted the foundation upon which has been builded the present progress and prosperity of the metropolis of the Ohio valley. ENOCH TERRY CARSON. Among those who knew him—and few men had wider acquaintance—the name of Enoch Terry Carson was spoken with reverence, and his memory is enshrined in the hearts of all as an inspiration to a higher, nobler living. He was one of the most distinguished Masons of the United States. To the craft and its purposes he devoted much of his life. His thought dwelt upon the ennobling principles and teachings of the order and thought ever finds expression in action. His life therefore became an exemplification of Masonic teachings, recognizing the brotherhood of man and the fatherhood of God. He was. moreover, a man of scholarly attainments in other directions, and in business life manifested a strong, forceful nature, which force was combined with a lofty patriotism that expressed itself in recognition and faithful performance of every duty that devolved upon him. Enoch Terry Carson had attained the age of seventy-six years when on the 23d of February, 1899, he was called from this life. His birth had occurred upon a farm near Cheviot, Hamilton county, Ohio, September 18, 1822, his parents being William J. and Margaret (Terry) Carson. The public-school system afforded him his educational privileges, his time being divided between the mastery of his studies and the work of the home farm, upon which he resided until twenty-three years of age. He afterward devoted three years to service as keeper of a toll-gate on the Hamilton Pike and in 1848 was appointed chief deputy sheriff of Hamilton county, at which time he took up his abode in Cincinnati, being thereafter closely identified with the interests and upbuilding of the city. With the exception of a brief interruption caused by a change in Vol. III-35 764 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY party succession in the office, he continued to serve as deputy sheriff for eight years, after which he was made first depot master of the Hamilton & Dayton Railway at Cincinnati, filling the position in 1850 and 1851. He put the first locomotive on the track and was the first to ride over the road on the locomotive from Carthage to Cumminsville in 1851. The following year he returned to the sheriff's office, where he remained until the close of 1860, when the republican party made him its first nominee for the office. With the remainder of the ticket he was defeated. In the meantime, however, he had become interested in merchandising, to which he devoted his energies from 1858 until 1868 but had been again called to public office by appointment of President Lincoln, who made him collector of the port of Cincinnati and the United States depository in May, 1861. With the outbreak of the Civil war this office became one of great importance, Cincinnati being the distributing point for the army south, and questions of the most perplexing character, requiring the soundest judgment, had to be decided between clashing interests. During his administration sometimes ten million dollars a day was received and thirty million dollars was frequently on deposit. When the war ended Mr. Carson resigned his position and the following year went abroad for travel in Europe. His attention was devoted to the real-estate business following his return but in 1871 he again took up merchandising, in which he continued until 1878. His fitness for and loyalty in public office had led to his election as a member of the state board of equalization in 1870 and he filled the office for one term. Fora decade he was one of the park commissioners and also police commissioner for a period of ten years. In 1872 he was made fee commissioner of Hamilton county and while in office drafted the bill by which the fee system of the county was changed. He served on the commission that erected the new government building in Cincinnati and in many other ways was closely connected with public affairs, working at all times with singleness of purpose for the welfare and benefit of the city. Following his retirement from merchandising in 1878, his attention was given to Masonic work and to literary interests, in which he found his chief delight. He was a most prolific writer on Masonic subjects. For twenty-five years he wrote the correspondence reports of the Grand Commandery of Ohio and during the same period in his capacity as deputy of the supreme council of the 'Scottish Rite of the state of Ohio he presented annual reports, showing great research in Masonic history. He was one of the foremost leaders in the preparation of the rituals of Masonic Templary and the Scottish^ Rite and he contributed many articles to Masonic periodicals and made frequent addresses on notable Masonic occasions. His collection of Masonic books, diplomas, rituals and medals was at the time of his death considered the rarest collection of the kind in the United States and represented a cost of many thousands of dollars. In 1859 Mr. Carson was united in marriage to Miss Mary King, of Cincinnati, who survives him, as do his two daughters : Julia C.; the widow of Drausin Wulsin, deceased, a prominent attorney of Cincinnati, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work; and Anna, the wife of Captain E. 0. Hurd, of Plainville, Ohio. His daughter, Mrs. Pauline Foster, left at her death a daughter, Pauline Carson Foster, who is the only grandchild. Mr. Carson was devoted to the welfare of his family, finding his greatest happiness in promoting the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 765 interests of his wife and daughters. Mrs. Carson is a member of the Women's Club of Cincinnati and an active worker in church and philanthropic movements. When retirement from business and official cares left him leisure to employ his time according to, his tastes and interests, he devoted many hours to literature and his name as a collector of rare :and costly works was known all over the world. As a student of Shakespeare he was without an equal in the middle west and his collection, of Shakespeariana was among the finest in America, it being no e property of the University of Cincinnati and contained in its library. It collection of miscellaneous books was also a most valuable one. He was a member of St. John's, now St. Paul's, Cathedral (Episcopal) and a vestryman for many years. Moreover, the name of Mr. Carson was known wherever deep interest in Masonry is felt, He richly won and truly merited the distinction of being the foremost Mason in Ohio. He was made a Master Mason December 15, 1845, in Marion Lodge, No. 120, A. F. & A. M., at Mount Pleasant, Hamilton county, Ohio; became a Royal Arch Mason in Cincinnati Chapter, No. 2, May 18, 1846; a royal and select master in Cincinnati Council, No. I, May 17, 1853 ; and a Knight Templar in Cincinnati Commandery, No. 3, September 5, 1846. He took the degrees Of Scottish Rite Masonry up to and including the sixteenth in 1852 and attained the thirty-second degree in Ohio ‘Consistory on the 27th of December, 1853; while on .the 18th of May, 1860, he was created a sovereign grand inspector ,general at Boston, Massachusetts, and was crowned an active member of the supreme council at Boston, May 20, 1863. Throughout the years of his connection, with Masonry in all of its branches he was continually called to office, serving as master in the lodge, eminent commander in the commandery, and in 1871 was chosen grand commander of the grand commandery of Ohio, in which position, he continued for four years. Ina memorial, published subsequent to his death, mention of his Scottish Rite work is as follows : "Connected with the Scottish Rite in Ohio since its introduction in 1852, and with the work in Cincinnati. since 1853, there was no duty too humble, no labor too great to escape his attention. In the beginning of the work he assumed the most laborious positions and became the first Master of ceremonies of the Lodge of Perfection and of the Chapter of Rose 'Croix, and the first master of the Council of Princes of Jerusalem. In the first position he served fourteen years and in the last eleven years. In 1857 he beame the commander-in-chief of Ohio Consistory, a position he held with rare distinction for a period of thirty-seven years, then declining the reelection unanimously tendered him. The growth of the rite from a membership of less than a score in 1853 to one of over two thousand in 1899, is largely due to the fostering care, the unswerving loyalty and unflinching determination of Enoch Terry Carson. In 1865 the first board of trustees of Gibulum Lodge of Perfection was created. Brother Carson became its first president and remained a member of the board until the day of his death. When the Scottish Rite moved in 1867 from its small quarters at. Sixth and Main streets to the rooms fitted up for it in the Masonic Temple, at Third and Walnut, at a cost of over fifteen thousand dollars, Brother Carson felt that he had reached the summit 0f his ambition for the success of the rite. Scarcely a cloud bedimmed her pathway of sunshine until that memorable day, the 24th of 'December, 1884, when that. beautiful cathedral of the rite, with all 766 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY its gorgeous decorations, valuable contents, rare pictures donated by Brother Carson, costly robes, etc., was totally destroyed by fire. Brother Carson sustained personal losses in the partial destruction of a portion of his cherished library, but that was to him as naught compared to his thought of the rite. Summoning the craftsmen around his banner, he led in the work of purchasing, remodeling and building the present spacious and grand cathedral of the rite, making it the largest, handsomest and most complete edifice in the world devoted exclusively to Scottish Rite work. Ohio Consistory, S. P. R. S., thirty-second degree, became the largest subordinate body of Masons in the world, of any grade and the Scottish Rite in Ohio continues to grow in influence and power. Mr. Carson was in more than one way the head and front of the Scottish Rite of the valley of Cincinnati and was a more than potent factor in the supreme council of the northern jurisdiction of the United States. His pride was the eighteenth degree. It is a degree of such character that all men who love the truth and stand for it take pride in it. The ritualistic possibilities in that degree were recognized by Mr. Carson. He saw that in the development of that work there would be taught a lesson ; that there could be sent forth to the world, through those on whom the degree was conferred, the teaching of the Christ; that peace on earth, good-will to men, could be proclaimed in that way as in no other. So it was that he began the work of developing the ritualistic work of the eighteenth degree. He made it what it is in Cincinnati, so that the manner in which it was conferred here might not be excelled anywhere in the United States. The wondrous music of the organ, orchestra and voices of men and women, heard in that degree, are the result of the conception and desire and working out, of Mr. Carson. It was his pride, the child of his brain, and he loved it as no man more loved the offspring of his flesh. When at all able, even in later years when he was scarcely able to leave his home, Mr. Carson visited the cathedral to witness the conferring of the eighteenth degree, so much did he love it, so much pride did he have in it. It seemed particularly appropriate, 'therefore, that as he had to die, as his time had come when he must yield up his soul to the care of the Master, that he should die when the work of which he was so proud was going on. He was, in fact, dying when the eighteenth degree was being conferred on the candidates, on Wednesday, and one of the members remarked, knowing the possibility of Mr. Carson's death at any moment, how appropriate and fitting it would be that his death should take place while that degree was going on; amid the sweet music, the harmony of sounds, that he, as he lay on his deathbed, could in imagination so well hear. It almost happened so, and it is certain that he died with the peaceful thought that the work which he had developed and created should be going on when the final summons came to pass through the dark valley of the shadow of death. . . . While it is fitting to class the Scottish Rite of Ohio as a monument to Enoch T. Carson, yet in all the years to come the most lasting monument to our departed brother will be the reverence of Masons for his name, wherever the fraternity is known." An account of the funeral service given in the Masonic Review of Cincinnati, says : "To this bier, whereon reposed in all the majesty of death the' mortal remains of their dearly beloved brother, brothers of the mystic order came as a mighty mourning host to pay the last sad tribute to the silent dead. Over that bier the melody of anthems floated and eloquence poured forth her store of CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 767 eulogy in honor of the departed brother. The sunlight pierced the stained glass windows of the stately building to fall upon the bier of one known wherever the square and compass is the symbol of the ancient order. Not only did the rays of the sun fall upon the casket of a world-famed craftsman, but they also kissed the silent lips of an honest man, one who devoted the greater part of his life to the cause of humanity, and whom thousands loved and regarded as a brother." Another said of him : "He was honored, respected and beloved by all who came in contact with him, for his actions were as broad and as open as the full blaze of the noonday sun, and his good deeds diffusive as its beams. A devoted husband and father, a true friend and brother, a public-spirited citizen and an upright man ; he whose capacities for friendship were so great, must needs have been filled with the divine spirit of love—love above all for wife and children. To surround them with the blessings of life, to watch over them with never-failing tenderness, was to his noble nature not so much a sacred duty as a God-given privilege. To us he was a friend in all that the name implies. Gracious and suave in friendly intercourse, his calm, smiling face but mirrored his frank and generous soul. His stately, tall, erect figure was but an index to his sturdy, rugged and sincere. character. No deceit, no sham, no cant could lurk beneath those honest eyes. Truth was his watchword ; integrity his guiding star." From the Michigan Sovereign Consistory comes this tribute : "Sir Carson was a full-grown man, in kindly touch with all and everything that attracted his attention, that had, for its purpose or -influence a tendency to lift, to broaden and humanity to ennoble huanity. He was decidedly Christian in his religious faith. His was an unquestioning faith. He believed ; and, believing, rested on his faith." JOHN M. MUELLER, JR. One of the thriving and highly .successful industries of Cincinnati is the marble business belonging to John M.. Mueller, Jr. He was born in this city on the 8th of May, 1857, but received his preliminary education in St. Mary's Catholic school of Dayton, after which he attended the college at Georgetown, District of Columbia. Having decided to adopt a business rather than a professional career, he subsequently went to New York city, where he spent a year in an office. Tn 1871 he became identified with the marble business continuing in the same until 1874, when he went abroad for a year. Upon his return in 1875 he resumed his connection with this enterprise, and on the 5th of July, 1880, opened the establishment he is still conducting in this city. Possessed of unusual business sagacity, and having acquired a thorough, technical training in both this country and Europe, Mr. Mueller is well qualified to successfully conduct an undertaking of this nature.. The products 'of his shop are distinguished by superior workmanship as well as artistic conception, combining to give them a rare value, which creates a demand for them all over the United States. He engages only the most competent and skilled workmen, while the material used in the execution of his orders is the best that can be obtained from the quarries of this country and Europe. The demands for his work are so numerous that it is 768 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN -CITY necessary to employ from one hundred and fifty to one hundred and sixty men, throughout the year, to fill the orders received. Mr. Mueller attributes his unusual prosperity to his painstaking efforts to please, his close attention to business and also, to the fact, that he has always made it a point to conscientiously fill every order within the time specified and maintain the standard of his work. Mr. Mueller is married and has two children, a son and a daughter, John Stacey and Ethel Carrie. The son, who is married,. is associated with his father, while. the daughter for five years past has been sojourning arid studying in Germany and France. Mr. Mueller was reared in the Roman Catholic faith and fraternally he is a member of the Elks. His political. support Mr. Mueller gives to the republican party and he is an active member of the Business Men's Club. He has always used his time and opportunities to the very best advantage and is recognized as one of the foremost men in the marble industry in Cincinnati, as well as one of the city's capable business men. W. G. LAYER. W. G. Layer, actively associated with the industrial interests of Cincinnati as a member of the Cincinnati Sash & Door Company, with factory and offices from 942 to 948 West Sixth street, has been connected with the conduct of this enterprise since the 15th of November, 1903, when the business was established by Mr. Layer, associated with A. B. Peters and O. P. Morton. He had been a resident of Cincinnati since 1897, and previous to that time had been connected with the sash and door business. He was born in Louisville, Kentucky, a son of Gottlieb and Louise (Eneelhart) Layer and when a youth of fourteen years he began learning the trade of manufacturing sash and doors, becoming familiar with every branch of. the business, as successive promotions brought to him new tasks and responsibilities. In 1897 he removed to Cincinnati and entered the employ of the Pease Company and also became one of its stockholders. In 1902 he became connected with the Standard Mill. Company of Norwood, with which he remained for a year, and then. joined A. R Peters and 0. P. Morton in organizing the Cincinnati Sash & Door Company, which began business on the 15th of November, 1903. At the end of six months Mr. Morton 'retired; leaving Mr. Layer and Mr. Peters as successors. Their first location was on Hunt street, near the John H. Griffith Company, where they continued for a year, employing there about ten people. In 1904 they removed to their present quarters, occupying the entire building from 942 to 948 West Sixth street. The structure is two hundred by one hundred and seventy-five feet and in part is four stories and in part five stories in height. They now employ about forty people, twenty-five in the factory and fifteen in connection with the jobbing end of the business. This by no means limits the extent of Mr. Layer's activities in business connections, however, for he is now president of the Paris Lumber & Manufacturing Company, retail dealers in lumber at .Paris, Kentucky ; president and treasurer of the Advance Millwork Company, owners of a planing mill at Covington, Kentucky; and a director and president of the O. K. Lumber Company, retail dealers in lumber at Dayton, .Ohio. He was also one of the organizers of the Lumber Register CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 771 Company, producing a. device for the measurement of lumber. His cooperation is sought in these various lines because of his well known enterprise and sound business judgment. He never hesitates in the face of obstacles but formulates practical plans to surmount them, and as the years have gone on his capably directed business affairs have won him substantial success. In 1897 Mr. Layer was united in marriage to .Miss Mary Wyatt, a daughter of John and Mary Wyatt, old-time residents of Dayton, Ohio, arid they are cordially received socially in Cincinnati. Mr. Layer belongs to the Hyde Park Country Club and to the Industrial Club of Covington, Kentucky ; he is also a. member of the Business Men's Club and is a Mason of high standing, belonging to the lodge, council, chapter and commandery. He strongly indorses the principles and purposes of Masonry and is regarded among his fellow members of the craft in Cincinnati as one of its worthy exemplars. BERTHA C. LIETZE, M. D. Dr. Bertha C. Lietze, who in the practice of medicine specializes in the field of women's and children's diseases, is a. native of Cincinnati and a daughter of Ernst S. and Charlotte (Fahrendorf) Lietze. Her father was born in. Berlin, Germany, in .1836 and after acquiring his education in the schools of his native country came to America when about twenty-five or twenty-six years Of age. He was a machine designer and for a quarter of a century was connected with the Cincinnati Type, Foundry and when that company west out of business he became identified in a similar capacity with the United States Printing Company. He always occupied a prominent and responsible position in the business world until he retired from active life.. He was also for a quarter of a century instructor in drawing and machine designing in the Ohio Mechanic Institute and likewise was a teacher of the same branches in the old Chickering Institute. He is a most modest man, entirely free from ostentation or display, yet highly esteemed especially among the German residents of this city,. in which he has a wide acquaintance. He is a man. of fine presence and attractive personality. His face- is of the professional, type and indicates well developed mental powers and strong character. He belongs to, Hanselman Lodge, F. & A. M., and is at all times loyal to the teachings of the craft. His wife was also a native of Berlin and. like her husband, won the friendship of many with whom she came into contact. The name of Mr. Lietze has long been an honored one in business circles and the high regard entertained for him is well merited. Spending her girlhood days under the parental roof, Dr. Lietze continued her education in the public schools until she had passed through consecutive grades of the common schools and was graduated from. the Woodward high school, with the class of 1892.. She then went abroad for a time, adding to her school training the liberal culture which only travel can bring. Following her return she took up the study of medicine and was graduated from the Laura Memorial Medical College with the class of 1897. The following year she began practice and has now for thirteen year followed her profession successfully. Her ability is pronounced, particularly in the special field which she has chosen- 772- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the treatment of diseases of women and children. She is very well versed along this line and the excellent results which have followed her professional labors indicate her comprehensive understanding of the principles of medicine. Dr. Lietze has been a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine since 1905 and also belongs to the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. She is also a member of Christ Episcopal church and is well known in that organization and also in social circles. She has ever adhered to a high and commendable ambition and, keeping in touch with the best medical literature, she continually promotes her efficiency through her reading and the knowledge that broadening experience brings. EUGENE BERNINGHAUS. Manufacturing interests of every character are found in Cincinnati which in recent years rapidly became one of the leading productive and industrial centers of the new world. An important interest is conducted by Eugene Berninghaus in the manufacture of all kinds of barber's furniture, chairs, etc., which he sells to the wholesale trade, his factory and show rooms being located on Western avenue, from No. 1904 to 1912. The business is conducted under the name of the Eugene Berninghaus Company, of which the subject of this review is the president. In the extent of its trade the house has the largest wholesale establishment in Ohio, a point which has been reached by a steady growth from a small beginning. Mr. Berninghaus was born on the Rhine, in Germany, on the 12th of July, 1845, a son of Richard and Thusnelda (Schrick) Beworld with who came to the new world-with their family when their son Eugene was but four years of age. A few years were passed in New York city and in 1856 a removal was made to Cincinnati. The father had learned. the business of making perfumery in Germany and established himself in that line in this city, continuing in the business until 1868. The following year the entire family removed to Chicago. In 1868 Eugene Berninghaus was united in marriage, in Indiana, to Miss Mary Dolle, a native of Batesville, that state. To them were born four children: Alma, now the wife of Louis Schmidt ; Edna, the wife of Stan. McFaddin; Pearl, the wife of Clarence Heidrick ; and Eugene B. The mother of these children died in 1903 and Mr. Berninghaus was married, January 6, 1906, to Miss Carolina Engel, of Cincinnati, and they now make their home at No. 2123 Harrison avenue, Westwood. Like the others of his father's household Mr. Berninghaus became a resident of Chicago in early life and there he was living at the time of the great fire of 1871 that caused him the loss of all of his household effects save the three-months-old baby wife and three-months-old baby dependent upon him for support he returned to Cincinnati in 1872. His parents and the other members of the family, however, went to St. Louis where his father and mother died some years later. Soon after again taking up his abode in Cincinnati Eugene Berninghaus began the manufacture of perfumes and barber's lotions in a small room at the corner of Richmond and Fremont streets, but in 1875 removed to CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 773 Western avenue near his present location. At first he occupied but a small portion of the Hulbert building but gradually took up more and more space until he utilized the entire five floors. In 1875 he began the manufacture of barber's chairs and barber's furniture, being the first in the United States to establish a business of this nature. For many years the bodies of the chairs were built by outside concerns for Mr. Berninghaus, while he did the assembling, finishing and varnishing of the furniture in his factory. In 1884, however, he purchased the ground and began the erection of the present extensive buildings which he now owns. In 1885 he removed to this property and since then has done the manufacturing work in connection with his business in these buildings. They still manufactwe all kinds of barber's chairs and barber's furniture, together with barber's perfumery, massage creams, etc. In 1903 the business was incorporated with Mr. Berninghaus as president, while the other officers are: George Ullery, vice president ; Charles Dolle, secretary and treasurer ; and Leo Sahm, general manager. The present officers are : Mr. Berninghaus, president; J. H. Schmidt, vice president ; H. C. Kuhlman, general manager and secretary ; Charles W. Schmidt, treasurer ; and Leo Sahm, superintendent. In his fraternal relations Mr. Berninghaus is a Mason. He is also a valued member of the West Cincinnati Business Men's Club, now serving as one of the directors and vice president. He is a member of the Queen City Furniture Club and of .the German Pioneer Society. His wife is interested in and is a contributor to the Kerman Old People's Home and they are both interested in various German charities. His interest in the business conditions of the city stimulates him to active cooperation in movements relative to general progress. The continuous development of the business of which he is now the head indicates his sound judgment and sagacity, his ability and enterprise. From a small beginning he has developed this to, an extensive manufacturing concern, the value of which as an asset in commercial and industrial activities in Cincinnati is widely recognized. FREDERICK H. BALLMAN. Frederick H. Ballman, banker and manufacturer of Cincinnati, is a native of this city and for many years has been an active factor in its growth. He was born February 7, 1854, a son of John F. and Ann Eliza (Kottkamp) Ballman, and in the public schools gained the rudiments of an education. At the age of thirteen years he entered the employ of Carpenter & Schlotman, window-shade manufacturers, with headquarters on Sixth street near Vine, and continued with this, firm until 1878. He then became connected with A. J. Nurre, manufacturer of moldings and picture frames, soon afterward going upon the road as traveling representative. In 1882-1883 he traveled for John T. Bonte, who was in the same line of business as Mr. Nurre, and from 1884 to the close of 1886 was traveling salesman for the Sargent Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of furniture. In 1887 he assisted in the organization of the Ballman, Hugenberg Company, which took over the business of the Sargent Manufacturing Company, Mr. Sargent retiring, and carried it forward for ten years. This 774 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY firm was then succeeded by the Ballman Cabinet Company, of which Mr. Ballman of this review is the head. The company manufactures a line of fancy furniture, its factory being located at 530-542 Livingston street. Employment is given to about eighty persons and the business produces a handsome annual revenue. In February, 1907, Mr. Ballman assisted in organizing the Liberty Bank 8i .Savings Company. He was elected the first president of this institution and is still holding that office. Mr. Ballman also filled for many years the office. of .president of the Globe Building and Savings Company; he is a member of the Furniture Exchange of which he occupied the president's chair for three terms and for ten years has been identified with the Industrial Bureau, of Which he served for a time as a director. Being thoroughly experienced in business affairs and also possessing executive qualifications of a high order, he has made a success of his undertakings, arguing well for favorable returns in any enter*. prise to which he devotes his attention. In 1890 Mr. Ballman was married to Miss Minnie Klayer, who died in 1909. She was a woman of many admirable' traits of mind and character and attracted a host of friends, who sincerely regretted her departure. Fraternally Mr. Ballman is a valued member of the Masonic order, being connected with Excelsior Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; Cincinnati Chapter, R. A. M.; Cincinnati Commandery, K. T. ; and Syrian Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He has never possessed aspirations for public office but served to the general satisfaction of the people for three years as member of the Cincinnati school board. He has always been active in benevolent interests, as is shown by his connection with the German Altenheim and German Orphan Asylum, of which he is a member and liberal contributor. Always alert and zealous in whatever has attracted his attention, he has been unusually successful and has many friends, who admire him for his upright character and the interest he evinces in the welfare of all with whom he is brought into, contact. His success is due to increasing endeavor, tireless energy and close application, and that stout adherence to the highest ethics of business. CHARLES HANAUER. The automobile business has grown with immense strides in all parts of the country during the last ten or twelve years and has attracted many of the brightest ,men of the United States, who rank among the best salesmen America has produced. To this number belongs Charles Hanauer, president of the Hanauer Automobile Company of Cincinnati. Like many other men who are identified with the development of this city as a commercial center he is a native of Kentucky. He was born at Maysville, December 21, 1860, and is a son of Andrew and Mary (Muth) Hanauer. The father was a mechanic and was especially skilful in the manufacture and repair of machinery. He died in 1896, at the age of seventy' years, and is buried in Highland cemetery, Covington, Kentucky. The mother of our subject is still living. Charles Hanauer received his preliminary education in the public schools of Covington. At the age of sixteen he began an' apprenticeship with the J. A. Fay Company, manufacturers of woodworking machinery, and after CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 777 learning the trade continued with the same firm, his entire period of connection with his first employers being nine years. In 1883; having decided to launch out in the world on his own account, he started in the bicycle business and subsequently engaged in the manufacture of bicycles under the title of the Charles Hanauer Cycle Company. When the popularity of the bicycle declined he turned his attention to .the automobile and since 1900 has been actively identified turned the sale of automobiles. He handles only the Pierce Arrow automobile and by the application of up-to-date methods has gained a standing as one of the most enterprising and progressive dealers in the city. In 1896 Mr. Hanauer was married to Miss Stella Hunt, a daughter of Marcus A. and Fanny Hunt, of Cincinnati. The father was a spring-bed manufacturer and one of the old residents of the city. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hanauer : Marjorie, who is a student of the Hughes high school ; Charles H., who is attending the public schools ; and Frances H., who is. six years of age. Mr. Hanauer is a member of the Cincinnati Automobile Dealers' Association, the Sales Managers' Association, the Automobile Club of Cincinnati and the Cincinnati Commercial Association. He is an earnest believer in the Christian religion and is a valued member of the Presbyterian church. recreations consist in motoring and boating and he is an enthusiastic adherent and believer in the healthful exercise of walking, taking long tramps cross country whenever opportunity permits. He and his family reside at No. 2118 Kemper lane. He is a man of genial social qualities but has taken no active part i n politics, although he is interested in the election of competent and honest men for public office and considers carefully the character of the individual for whom ,he casts his vote. His ability and sterling character are unquestioned and he never fails to command the respect of those with whom he has business or social relations. THOMAS HOLLISTER. For more than twenty-five years Thomas Hollister has practiced law in Cincinnati and for nearly twice as long a period his father was engaged in the same profession in this city. He has passed his entire life in Hamilton county and was born at M0unt Auburn November 16, 1858, a son of George B. and Laura (Strait) Hollister. G. B. Hollister was one of the best known attorneys of the city—a man of recognized ability and large influence who contributed his share toward the upbuilding of the community. He was engaged in practice from 1850 to 1898. Mrs. Hollister. was a daughter of Thomas J. Strait, also a lawyer of many years standing. in Cincinnati, having been in practice from 1826. to 1872. The ancestors on both sides of the house were of the Anglo-Saxon race, the early members of the family in America locating in Verniont. Thomas Hollister received his education in the public schools of Cincinnati. He studied law under his father and was admitted to the bar after an examination by the supreme court of Ohio, in 1885. Later he was admitted to practice in the United States courts. 778 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Politically Mr. Hollister favors the republican party. He believes that in politics there must be organization and there must be leaders; that there is no need of a boss, much less of a dictator. If there be any such, in national, state, county or municipal politics—in business, in the labor unions or in the field of sport—they will have to mend their ways or depart for the American people will not tolerate them. In the reorganization of the republican party in Ohio new leaders in whom the people have confidence must come to the front, and these leaders he believes must be free from corruption,: must work for the benefit of all the people, must be clear of the domination of the trusts and the interests. Such are the views of Mr. Hollister. Under the new system he believes that many of the best citizens would take an active part in politics and an entire change would be effected in the administration of public affairs. Fraternally he holds membership in Lafayette Lodge No. 81; A. F. & A. M., and he is also a member of the Cuvier Press Club. HARRY WILLIAM MONNING. Harry - William Monning, a well known and successful representative of industrial interests in Cincinnati, is a builder and repairer of wagons and carriages and also does auto repairing and painting. His birth occurred in this city on the l0th of February, 1867; his parents being Henry and Sophia (Riecke) Monning, the former a native, of Prussia and the latter of Hanover, Germany. It was in 1865 that Henry Monning established the business of which our subject is now at the head. He remained a respected and substantial resident of the Queen City until called to his final rest in 1897. Unto him and his wife were born six sons and one daughter. One son passed away when about seven years of age. Harry W. Monning obtained his education in Cincinnati, attending the Hughes high school and also a business college. He likewise c0mpleted a course in carriage drafting at the Ohio Mechanics' Institute and subsequently studied law in the law department of the. Young Men's Christian Association. He spent several years in the office of Tilden, Buckwalter & Campbell, attorneys, and is now a notary. His attention, however, has been largely devoted to industrial pursuits, for under the direction of his father he early became familiar with the line of activity which now claims his time and energies. He became his father's successor in business and is widely recognized as a thoroughly competent car' riage builder, having had practical as well as technical training. His shop is located at Nos. 409-413 West Liberty street, where employment is furnished to twelve men. His wagons and carriages bear the Monning brand and have supplied a large demand in this country as well as abroad. In the near future Mr. Monning intends also to take up auto repairing and finishing on a more extensive scale. He made and still has in his possession a neat little model of a wagon which he exhibited at an industrial display in 1888. A man of excellent executive ability and sound judgment, he has established his business upon a substantial and paying basis and enjoys an enviable reputation as a representative manu- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 779 facturer of his native city. He has been connected with five building associations in an official capacity but is not identified with these at the present time. On the 21st of March, 1899, at Cincinnati, Mr. Manning was united in marriage to Miss Clara E. Ender, a daughter of Henry and Mary Ender. To them were born three children, two of whom are deceased. The surviving son, Henry George Manning, was born April 18, 1906. The family residence is at No. 1840 Fairfax avenue. Mr. Manning's political views are in accord with the principles of the republican party and he, has a wide acquaintance among politicians but has never been what is commonly known as a "ward politician." At one time he refused the proffered candidacy for a prominent office. Fraternally he is identified with the Masons, belonging to the commandery and the shrine, and having attained the thirty-second degree. of-the Scottish Rite. He is likewise a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Haymakers. He belongs to several social. organizations, fishing clubs, etc., and is a member of two churches, the Seventh Presbyterian and the German Phillipus Evangelical Protestant. In these various relations he has won the warm friendship and regard of many with whom he has been brought in contact, while in business life he has gained that success which comes from close application, industry and capable management. ALFRED HESS. The life of Alfred Hess seems to coincide with nature's plans, for it is evident because of waning power's- and comparative lack of strength and energy, that nature intended' that man should enjoy a period of rest as a fitting crown of a life of labor. Such has been the course of Alfred Hess, who was formerly closely and actively associated with industrial interests but is now largely living retired, although he still retains the presidency of the First National Bank of Elmwood Place. He has passed the seventy-fifth milestone on life's journey, yet in spirit and interest seems in ,his prime and keeps in close touch with the trend of the times, the movement of thought and the actual accomplishment of labor in the business world. He was born in Lewis county, New York, in 1836, a son of Frederick J. Hess, a wagon maker and blacksmith, and Margaret (Gordinier) Hess. He was reared in his native county and after leaving school entered his father's shop, soon becoming an adept at swinging a sledge hammer and doing other service in the shop. Indolence and idleness were never among his characteristics and at all times he applied himself with energy to the task before him so that it was not strange that he steadily and persistently worked his way upward. He removed from the east to Jackson, Michigan, where he became a salesman for the Sheldon Axle Company. His faithfulness and loyalty to the house and his ability in discharging the duties that devolved upon him were evidenced in the fact that he remained with them for many years. He was on the road for twenty-two years, selling springs and axles to the carriage trade. In 1876 his headquarters were changed to Dayton, Ohio, and until 1880 he continued to travel for the same company. In that year, however, he came to 780 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Cincinnati. Laudable ambition prompted him in the intervening years to save from 'his earnings that he might engage in business on his own account and, investing his capital in a factory which he erected, he began the manufacture of carriage; wagon and buggy springs at the foot of Gest street. That 'was. his entrance into the business of making springs for the carriage trade, and while located on Gest street he was one of ten men who consolidated their interests under the name of the Columbia Spring & Axle Company, his son, Elmer J. Hess; "becoming president of the company and thus the head of all ten factories, at which time they commenced the manufacture of axles. In November, 1893, Alfred Hess. came to Carthage and purchased the .business of the Union Axle Company, which had been owned by eight carriage Manufacturers of Cincinnati. He changed the name of this concern to the Hess Spring & Axle Company and became the active head of that large concern but in 1907 sold his interest to his son, Elmer J.. Since that time he has practically retired from business, although he still retains the presidency of the First National Bank of Elmwood. In 1854 Mr. Hess was married to Miss Jane M. Coates. They had five children, of whom three are living: Helen E., the wife of William H. McCurdy, a large manufacturer of carriages in Evansville, Indiana ; Elmer J., now president of the Hess Spring & Axle Company and the Western Spring & Axle Company ; Edwin, who died when about twenty-two years of age; Mattie L., now Mrs. Jay Raymond, of Wyoming, Ohio; and Frederick, who died in infancy. Mr. Hess has taken the degrees of Masonry up to and including the Knight Templar and thirty-second degrees. He has also crossed the sands of the desert with the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine and is in full sympathy with the teachings and tenets of the craft. He is likewise 'a member of the Wyoming Presbyterian church and. makes his home in the attractive little suburb of Wyoming. Success is his—the success that follows honorable and unfaltering effort and sound judgment—and above all he .holds the well merited esteem of his fellowmen, which is so freely given him. WILLIAM HENRY BURTNER, JR. William Henry Burtner, Jr., whose time and energies have been effectively devoted to the practice of law at Cincinnati for the past sixteen years, was born in this city April 30, 1874. His father, William Henry Burtner, was for many years a prominent resident of Cincinnati. He was one of the originators of the machine tool' industry in Cincinnati, having gained the necessary experience for this important undertaking while he was connected with the old Lodge & Davis Company in which he served as secretary and treasurer. He was a man of fine mechanical talent and of good executive ability—a patriotic and useful citizen who made an impress for good upon the generation in which he lived. The mother of our subject before here marriage was Teresa E. Deagle. William Henry Burtner, Jr., was the only child of his parents. He possessed every desirable advantage of education and training both in youth and as he grew to manhood. After attending the public schools he entered the Hartwell high school from which he was graduated in 1892. He next became a student CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 781 in the law department of the University of Michigan, graduating with the degree of LL. B. in 1894. Desiring to pursue his studies further, he entered the postgraduate course of Yale University which he completed in 1895, receiving the degree of M. L. At twenty-one years of age he was thoroughly grounded in the principles of law and began practice in this city where he has since continued. He .was also admitted to practice in the supreme court of Michigan and in the circuit and district courts of the United States. He has practiced extensively in admiralty.but devotes his attention largely to civil practice in behalf of the machine tool industry of this city and is recognized as an authority on points arising in his specialty. He is a safe counselor and advocate and has won many important cases in the state and federal courts. He is now serving as special counsel for the, Cincinnati Metal Products Company and is president of the American Heel Machine Company, secretary and treasurer of Barker & Company and secretary of .the. Cincinnati Metal Products Company. Mr. Burtner takes, a great interest in world events, especially those that affect the commercial relations of the United States; and is also a constant student of progress in all departments. of life in America and Europe. As a man of wide reading and observation he has opinions which he expresses upon the proper occasion and he .is often in demand as a speaker upon political, literary, social, historical and other subjects. He is an advocate of the platforms of the republican party and a pronounced supporter of its candidates, believing that the interests of the country are best subserved by representatives of this organization. He has made a study of freemasonry and belongs to various branches of the order, including the blue lodge, Scottish Rite and Shrine. As a native of Cincinnati he is actively interested in the prosperity of the city and is a valued member of the Business Men's Club, the Cincinnati Automobile Club, a director, of the American Automobile Association and a member of Cincinnati Cavalry Troop. He is also on the executive committee of the Yale and the University of Michigan Clubs. Religiously he is identified with Grace Episcopal church. His attractive personal qualities make him popular with a large circle of acquaintances and few lawyers enjoy in greater measure the confidence and respect of their professional associates. ELIZABETH MARY HOCKER, M. D. Internal medicine is the department of professional service to which Dr. Elizabeth M. Hocker has directed her attention most largely ever since entering upon active practice in Cincinnati, in w00. She is a native of this city and a daughter of George and Mary (Linenkugel) Hocker. Her father was born in Hanover, Germany, and in his boyhood days made the voyage across the Atlantic, becoming a resident first of Maysville, Kentucky, and later of Cincinnati. Here he was engaged in the retail shoe business for a number of years and also opened one of the early shoe factories of the city. About two years prior to his death he admitted John Manns to a partnership and the business was thus continued under the firm style of Hocker & Manns until the demise of the senior partner, which occurred in September, 1894, at the age of sixty-four years. His wife 782 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY was a native of Cincinnati and a daughter of Diedrich Linenkugel. In their family were seven children, of whom the second son, Frank, is now deceased. Those who reached adult age are : George, now in South America ; Elizabeth M.; Ada; living in Cincinnati; Louise, the wife of Dr. Frank Swing ; Edward, a business man Of Rockford, Illinois ; and Alfred, a resident of Cincinnati. Dr. Hocker pursued her education in Mount Notre Dame Academy at Reading, Ohio, and entered upon preparation for the practice of medicine as a student in the Laura Memorial College, from which she was graduated in 1900. Her scholarship won her appointment to the position of interne in the Presbyterian Hospital, in which capacity she served for eighteen months. She then entered upon private practice in Mount Auburn and has given special attention to internal medicine, her work being crowned with a measure of success that indicates her comprehensive knowledge and practical ability in the selection of remedial agencies for specific cases. She holds membership in the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association, and is also identified with the Anti-Tuberculosis League. In addition to her private practice Dr. Hocker is now physician of the Visitation Society and is examiner for the Ladies' Branch 0f the Catholic Knights of America. She also belongs to the Ohio-Miami College Alumni Association. Dr. Hocker, when taking up the study of medicine, did so for the especial purpose to enable her to work more successfully among the destitute and indigent with no intention to enter regular practice, yet she numbers among a clientage of considerable proportions the best class of residents of the city and her practice is constantly and steadily growing, a fact which is especially gratifying, as it practically developed without solicitation from her and is simply a tribute to her for the close attention which she pays to work in hand and her wide learning and native ability. GEORGE W. HARPER, A. M., PH. D. On the long. list of distinguished citizens of Cincinnati appear the names of many well known educators, some 0f whom have won national fame. Prominent in this connection stands George W. Harper, and the schools of this city owe him a debt of gratitude for what he has accomplished in developing the educational system here. For forty-seven years he was connected with the Woodward high school and for thirty-five years was its principal. He has been the promoter of many plans and movements which have had direct bearing upon the scope of the school work and at the same time he has made for himself a prominent place in scientific circles and is a valued contributor to the literature which deals with educational and other scientific subjects. How many men today at the age ofseventy-nine years are still active in the world's progress, and yet Professor Harper is now president of the union board of high schools and is just reelected for another term of four years ; he is yet a deep reader and thinker and is continuously giving out of the rich store of his wisdom and experience for the benefit of others. Ohio may well be proud to number Professor Harper among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Franklin, Warren county, on the 21st of August, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 785 1832. He comes of Quaker ancestry. His parents, Daniel B. and Sarah (Sims) Harper, removed with their family to Cincinnati in 1843 and during the succeeding four years he assisted his. father in the conduct of a grocery and commission business. In 1847 he entered the public schools to continue his own education and for two years he was a pupil in the Central high school, after which he passed on to the Woodward College and was graduated therefrom with valedictorian honors in 1853. He intended to pursue the study of law but through the personal influence of his old teacher, Dr. Joseph Ray, he was induced to accept temporarily a position as :teacher in the Woodward high school. For forty-seven years the time never seemed ripe for him to discontinue his connection with that institution and after twelve years as a teacher there he was called to the position of principal, acting in that capacity for thirty-five years, or until he resigned on the 23d of June, 1900. Throughout the entire period he availed himself of every opportunity not only to .extend his knowledge but to improve the methods of instruction in the schools, and his labors have been largely instrumental in raising the standard of public education in Cincinnati to its present high standard. In 1869 he was granted a leave of absence by the board of education and he spent four months in travel in Europe, during which and he made a careful study 0f the school systems and methods in England and on the continent. His observations were of great value to him not only in his regular sch0ol work but in the papers he has read and the discussions in which he has taken part in teachers' institutions and conventions. It was early seen that he had the natural faculty of imparting knowledge to others in such a way as to stimulate their zeal for further information, thus developing his pupils unconsciously into students. He has always held that the purpose of teaching is to develop capacity, indorsing the words of President Eliot of Harvard that "What is needed is continuous advancement which lasts all .through life." It is his personal work in the school that has made Professor Harper most widely known in Cincinnati, but outside the city he is perhaps best known by reason of his work in the field of geology and his publications of his writings upon that subject. lie has made eight expeditions on exploration in the south and one as far west as Utah and the Yellowstone National Park, carefully studying the botany, natural history and especially the geology of those regions, the results of these trips being given to the world in pamphlet form., His catalogue on the Silurian fossils containing the classification of over seven hundred species, is accepted by all geologists. He has published three catalogues of fresh-water and land shells, the last being in its second edition with descriptions, while another contains all the species of bivalves of the Mississippi drainage. One of his best publications is entitled "A Description of Our Common Rocks." For over twenty years Professor Harper was the assistant editor of the journal of the Cincinnati Natural History Society, of which he was elected president in 1885 and again in 1904, and now as vice president, being one of the executive board. He was also for thirty-five years president of the board of trustees of the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery and in September, 1883, he was requested by the trustees of the McMicken Fund to organize the Cincinnati University. In compliance with this request a provisional corps of teachers was obtained and in the following October classes were formed in mathematics, chemistry, physics, Latin, Greek, French and German, the courses beginning Vol. III-36 786 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY where the high-school work left off. These classes were conducted during the year from two to five p. m. in the Woodward building, and the following year, because of the success of the work, a permanent organization was effected. Soon after resigning his position at the Woodward high school,. Professor Harper was elected t0 represent the third ward on the board of education and at the first meeting thereafter was chosen a delegate to the union board of high schools. That election was repeated each year and Professor Harper is now serving for his eleventh year and is now president of the board. During this period his experience has given him much power and influence in both boards so that at the present time he is practically at the head of all the high schools of the city. At the first meeting of the board he was made chairman of the board of trustees of the Woodward high school which was his alma mater and of which he had been principal for thirty-five years. When he first entered upon his life work Cincinnati had no manual training, kindergarten or domestic science departments in its schools and Professor Harper was made chairman of the three committees which established the work along those lines, his deep interest and his capability leading to his selection for the work. It is notable that one of his years continues so long as an active factor in the educational and scientific field. Three years ag0, in 1908, being then seventy-six years of age, he was sent by a New York company to the west and in Chelan county, Washington, about one hundred and fifty miles from Seattle, he made a survey of the mines that the company was about to open. A year or so before he had been sent to Missouri to examine the Jack mines at Joplin, in the southwest part of that state. He has made various trips with different parties, manifesting great interest in natural history, geology and botany. Recently he was elected to the National Paleontological Association at the request of a former student now in that department at Washington. He is also a member of the National Geological Society and honorary member of the School Masters Club and' also of the Teachers Principals Association. He is likewise serving as trustee of the Ohio Humane Society. In 1855 he became the local observer of mete0rology for the Smithsonian Institution and his rain records have been very valuable to the city in determining the capacity of the sewer system. He is one of the board of managers of the Ohio Audubon Society, was a member of the board of the Humane Society for fifteen years or more and was a member 0f the board and treasurer of the Teachers Aid and Annuity Association which was organized before the state formed the pension fund. Denison University has conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts and Princeton the Doctor of Physics degree. On the 8th of July, 1859, Mr. Harper was united in marriage to Miss Charity Ann Durrell, a daughter of Friend and Eveline Durrell. Two sons and three daughters were born of this marriage, of whom three are yet living: Edgar Ambler, who has served two terms as engineer of Kansas City, Missouri; George D., a prominent attorney of Cincinnati ; and Alice H.. the wife of Frederick A. Turner, of Kansas City, Missouri. At the age of fifteen years Professor Harper became a member of Trinity Methodist Episcopal church and at the age of seventeen was a teacher in the Sunday school. About the time he attained his majority he was made class leader and trustee and when twenty-five years of age was chosen superintendent of the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 787 Sunday school. Some years later he transferred his membership to the Asbury Methodist Episcopal church near the Woodward high school and although now nearing his eightieth year he still takes an active part in the Sunday school and in various other lines of church work. He has been a member of the church board for nearly a half century and has been president of the board for almost one-half . of this time. Because of his work as an educator and scientist he has become widely known throughout the country and his efforts have constituted a distinct impetus to valuable work accomplished. Perhaps no better testimonial can be given of his position and of the regard in which he is held by all with whom he has come in contact than to cluate from the testimonial presented him at the time of his retirement from the principalship of the Woodward high school, on which occasion his old pupils held a reception and presented him with a handsome loving cup and other tangible evidences of their admiration, including a large album containing the signatures of several hundred who were present and the cards of many others then living at a distance. In the album was a series of resolutions handsomely engraved, To George W. Harper His pupils inscribe this title of a GOOD TEACHER. The closing paragraph of the resolutions reads: "For forty-seven years he has been a teacher in the Cincinnati Woodward High School and for thirty-five years its principal. Thus he has had to do with over fifty classes of pupils. Over twenty-three hundred have graduated during that time and some twelve thousand others have taken partial' courses under him. As a man of faith in God, a gentleman, an efficient instructor, a firm disciplinarian and yet a good friend during all these years, he holds today the love and respect of these thousands who have been his scholars, now embracing all ages from youths in their teens to men and women of three-score years, of all avocations and residents not only of Cincinnati but of every state in the Union and of every country on the globe, and today, the date of his retirement from his position at the head of this high school, they assemble in the hall of the dear old school to take him by the hand, to thank him for the past, to wish him Godspeed for the remaining years and tasks of earthly life, and to express their assurance that at this end the divine verdict will be, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant. In testimony whereto witness their autographs herewith." OLIVER D. BRYANT. Oliver D. Bryant, vice president and treasurer of the Crane & Breed Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of and dealers in undertakers' supplies, has in this connection become one of the managers of the largest enterprise of the character in the world. He is a New England man by birth but since 1863 has resided continuously in Cincinnati. He was born in Enfield, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, February 24, 1846 and is a son of Oliver and Susan P. (Richards) Bryant. For a number of years his father was a resident of Cincinnati 788 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY and here he died in 1877 at the age of seventy-three years. The mother had passed away when our subject was a boy of eight years. His education was acquired in the schools of Lawrence, Massachusetts. In 1863 Mr. Bryant came to Cincinnati, being at that time about seventeen years of age. Immediately afterward he obtained a position with the Crane & Breed Company, manufacturers of and dealers in undertakers' supplies, and has since been associated with this house, first as an employe and eventually as a stockholder and . officer. He is now vice president and treasurer of the business which includes the manufacture of everything from a tack to a funeral car. August 8, 1882, the firm was incorporated under the name of the Crane & Breed Manufacturing Company. Before the close of that decade both Martin AI. Crane and A. D. Breed had passed away and later William James Breed became president with O. D. Bryant as vice president. and A. H. Walton as secretary. Later changes in the personnel of the firm have led to the selection of A. A. Breed as president and Howard Breed as secretary, while O. D. Bryant remains as the vice president and treasurer. Everything that pertains to an undertaker's supplies, frdm the latest appointments in the way of a hearse to the most modern burial casket, and everything in the way of burial-casket hardware is made in this establishment, which is the largest of the kind in the world. A force of workmen, numbering altogether about four hundred, is required to keep up the business of the house. Moreover the company is represented by agents in all parts of the country and the house maintains its position as the leading enterprise of this character in the World. In 1866 Mr. Bryant was united in marriage to Miss Kate R. Sarson, a daughter of Edward and Julia Sarson, of Cincinnati. Their children are Caroline R. and Oliver S., the latter a prominent attorney of Cincinnati. Mr. Bryant's success has been due to his strict attention to business and to close adherence to the highest commercial ethics. He is a prominent member of the Cincinnati Business Men's Club and the Manufacturers Club, serving on the advisory board of the latter organization. He is well known as a forceful representative of industrial interests here and has earned for himself an enviable reputation as a careful man of business and in his dealings is known for his prompt and honorable methods which Shave won him the deserved confidence of his fellowmen. Politically he is a republican but at local elections votes for the men whom he believes best qualified for office regardless of party ties. ALBERT KRIPPENDORF. While there are some who claim a college education is of great importance to a young man contemplating a business career, experience of thousands has shown that a boy who gains' a large part of his education in the business which becomes his life work generally attains a creditable place among his fellowmen. In this class belongs Albert Krippendorf, who for 'three years past has served as vice president of the Krippendorf & Dittmann Company, shoe manufacturers of Cincinnati. He has been closely identified with this business ever since his CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 789 early boyhood and is recognized as one of the highly energetic and capable manufacturers of Cincinnati. He is a native of this city, born April 29, 1877, a son of Charles H. and Mary Krippendorf. To the public schools of Cincinnati he is indebted for his preliminary education. His attendance, however, was limited, as he worked in the shoe factory in the forenoon of each day and attended school in the afternoon. At the age of twelve years he was obliged to forego attendance at school and to devote his entire attention to his work in the factory. He applied himself industriously and in his fourteenth year had made such progress that he was given a place as a regular workman. In 1903 he was elected secretary of the company and in 1908 was advanced to the position of vice president—an office which he is thoroughly qualified by experience and natural ability to fill to the satisfaction of all concerned. The factory and general offices are located at 622 Sycamore street and the firm is one of the well established and growing concerns of Cincinnati, the products of its factory finding ready sale throughout a wide region bordering on the Ohio river. On the 14th of February, 1900, Mr. Krippendorf was married to Miss Gertrude Crane, a daughter of Clinton and Isabelle Crane. The father is one of the well known merchants of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Krippendorf are the parents of two children : Karlina, two and one-half years of age ; and Mary Belle, aged six months. In his political views Mr. Krippendorf is independent, voting according to the demands of the times irrespective of any party affiliation. He is prominent in club circles and is a member of the. Queen City Club, the Country Club, the Cincinnati Golf Club and the Hamilton County Golf Club, being especially interested in golf and outdoor diversions as a relief from the exacting demands Of business. He and his family occupy a beautiful residence known as Wyndygoel on Bedford avenue. A capable, enterprising and loyal citizen, he has worked his way through many difficulties and is, therefore, not a man who may be easily cast down. He has been successful in his work, but he has never allowed business to usurp his entire energies. Genial and pleasing in nature, he has found time to display a spirit of helpfulness to others which is one of his prominent characteristics.- REN MULFORD, J The name of Ren Mulford, Jr., is widely known throughout the United States as a writer and authority on baseball and other legitimate sports and he is also recognized as a man of special ability in the vocation to which he has for several years past given his attention-that of advertising. He is a native of Cincinnati, born November 30, 1859, a son of Lorenzo Mulford, who came to this city from the east in the early part of the '50s. He engaged in the dry-goods business and for a number of years was with the United States Express Company. He died in 1906. Mr. Mulford of this review attended the public schools and began life's real struggle as a cash boy for the Weatherby-Stevens Company. At the age of eighteen years he became connected with the Cincinnati Gazette as reporter, 790 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY being the youngest reporter at that time in Cincinnati. He served as such and as special writer successively on the Cincinnati Gazette, Cincinnati Enquirer, Times-Star, Cincinnati Post and again on the Enquirer. As sporting editor of the Enquirer he for many years traveled with the Cincinnati Reds and lovers of baseball at Cincinnati and in all the principal cities of the country eagerly looked for articles on the national game and other sporting events from the pen of Ren Mulford, Jr. He has also gained an enviable reputation as a writer of epigrams and has been designated as the Human Epigram. Many of his pithy sentences have been printed on postcards and widely distributed throughout the country. As a platform lecturer he has also scored a success with his remarkable study of, -baseball and life entitled Running Life's Bases. This lecture has been called a classic of the local platform and has been delivered before appreciative audiences in five different states. Since 1906 Mr. Mulford has been connected with the Blaine-Thompson Company, a well known advertising organization, with offices in the Fourth National Bank building, and since 1909 has been vice president of the company. Mr. Mulford married Miss Ida Wheeler, a daughter of R. C. Wheeler, of this city. Two sons have been born to this union, Harrison Scratton and Ariel Byington. For a number of years Mr. Mulford has been a resident of Norwood, a thriving suburb of Cincinnati, and gave to this place the title of The Gem City of the Highlands, which is emblazoned on Norwood's municipal flag. He is the author of a history of Norwood and has served as vice mayor of the village, being known as one of its most public-spirited citizens. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and 'a Shriner, a member of the National Union and of the Sons of the Revolution, being secretary of the Ohio branch of that organization and president of the first chapter of the Sons of the Revolution at Norwood. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Working Boys' Home and is ex-president of the Cincinnati Ad Club. He coined the commercial word "notel," meaning a person without a telephone; which has been adopted in several states. Always wideawake, progressive and thoroughly efficient in anything he undertakes, he has contributed his share toward lightening the burdens of life and encouraging his fellowmen once more to take firm hold and press onward in the direction of the desired goal. He is now in the midst of a flourishing business career and, judging by what he has accomplished in the past, his friends freely prophesy many new victories in years to come. AARON A. FERRIS. Aaron A. Ferris, for thirty-eight years a member of the Hamilton County Bar and long since accorded a position of distinction as a practitioner 'before the, courts in Cincinnati, was born in Delaware, Ohio, November 8, 1845. He is descended in both the paternal and maternal lines from early families of Connecticut, the Ferris family being represented in that colony in 1697. Closely associated with colonial affairs, representatives of the name afterward held official rank in the Revolutionary war. The grandfather, Aaron G. Ferris, was an adjutant of the Second Vermont Regiment by appointment of Governor Isaac CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 793 Tichenor in 1806. The great-grandfather of Mr. Ferris on the maternal side was Rev. Thomas Brockway, a native of Connecticut and a graduate of Yale College of the class of 1768, who afterward served as a chaplain in the Revolutionary army. The father, Tieman Ferris, a native of Sandgate, Vermont, engaged in teaching school in early manhood in Geneseo and Lima, New York, and at the time of his death was proprietor of a book store in Delaware, Ohio, having removed westward to this state about 1834. He was a leading abolitionist previous to the Civil war and also bore the reputation of being an expert mathematician. He married Maria E. Skinner, who was born in Geneseo, New York, and was there married. Her father, a native of Connecticut, was a captain in the war of 1812. Aaron A. Ferris supplemented his early education by study in Marietta College, from which he was graduated with salutatorian honors in 1871, and later his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree in recognition of successful work done in professional lines. As a lad he had learned the printer's trade in the office of the Tribune at Marysville, Ohio, and for six months following his graduation from college engaged in teaching school. He regarded this, however, merely as an initial step to other professional labor and after successfully' preparing for the bar was admitted to practice in 1873 by the district court of Hamilton county. He has since been active in practice in Cincinnati, devoting almost Undivided attention to his profession in which he has won honor and success. As a lawyer he is sound, clear minded and well trained. He is at home in all departments of the law from the minutiæ in practice to the greater topics wherein is involved the consideration of the ethics and the philosophy of jurisprudence and the higher concerns of public policy. Felicitous and clear in argument, thoroughly in earnest, full of the vigor of conviction, never abusive of his adversaries and imbued with the highest courtesy, he is yet a foe worthy of the steel of the most able opponent. His clientage is now of an extensive and important character, indicating his high position at the bar. On the 7th of March, 1894, in Cincinnati, Mr. Ferris was married to Miss Sarah E. Guthrie, a daughter of William W. and Elizabeth (Ivester) Guthrie. Her ancestors in the paternal line were distinguished solders of the Revolutionary war and she had four brothers who served with credit and honor in the Civil war and a nephew who defended the American interests in the Spanish-American war. Mr. and Mrs.' Ferris hold membership in Christ Episcopal church in Cincinnati in. Which he is serving as vestryman. He is also a member of the Episcopal Church Club and of various other organizations for intellectual stimulus or social intercourse. His name is on the membership rolls of the Literary Club, the Cincinnati Bar Association, the State Bar Association and the American Bar Association, and in college he became a member of a Greek letter fraternity and belongs to the Phi Beta Kappa. He is a life member of the Ohio Archæological and Historical Society. He has written frequently for the newspaper press, for law magazines and different associations and clubs, on topics and questions 0f the day. An article contributed to the North American Review, which appeared in the December number, 1880, of that magazine, defending the constitutionality of the emancipation proclamation, attracted wide attention and comment at the time and was characteristic of the writer. His 794 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY political allegiance is given to the republican party in national politics but he is not in full sympathy with the organization on the tariff question. Moreover he is opposed most emphatically to modern-day methods of boss domination and has taken an active part from time to time in reform movements in this city, standing with that progressive element which is seeking to bring about wholesome improvements in the political as well as intellectual and moral fabric of the commonwealth. In this he combines the intensely practical with high ideality. NICHOLAS P. SMITH. Nicholas P. Smith, a real-estate dealer, making a specialty of handling manufacturing and other business property, including the buying, selling and leasing, the construction of factories and the financing .of manufacturing enterprises and other business concerns, has his head office at No. 810 Fourth National Bank building. He has been actively engaged in real-estate operations since 1g0' and is today the best known and most prominent real-estate man in Cincinnati dealing in power buildings. He is watchful, alert and determined. He seizes an opportunity as it arises and defers no action to a later hour if it can be accomplished at the present moment. He is thoroughly informed concerning the realty market and has so manipulated real-estate deals that all patrons, buyers, sellers, lessees and lessors, are always satisfied. Mr. Smith is a native son of Cincinnati, born January 25, 1867. His grandfather, Hugh Smith, was a-pioneer coal operator of Allegheny, now a part of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. He was also promoter of the now enormous business of towing 'coal by steam on the Ohio river. His son, J0seph Smith, Jr., the ,father of Nicholas P. Smith, was also engaged in the coal business and came to Cincinnati from Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in the late '50s to act as manager for the wholesale Coal firm in which his father, Hugh Smith, was largely interested. After establishing the sales office in this city Joseph Smith, Jr., decided to locate permanently and became prominently- identified with the wholesale coal business here, conducting it until his retirement in 1870. He continued to make his home in Cincinnati, however, until his death, which occurred in 1902. He had made for himself an honorable name and position in business circles and he left to his family not only a goodly heritage but also an untarnished name and an example well worthy of emulation. The mother of our subject was the oldest child of Nicholas Patterson, who was one of the pioneer manufacturers of Cincinnati. He was the owner of an extensive iron foundry prior to and during the Civil war at California, Ohio, and also 'conducted simultaneously a factory for the making of tin and japanned goods on a large scale. He lived to the ripe old age of eighty-eight years and died in 1897. Nicholas P. Smith was a pupil in the public schools but received much of his education in the old Chickering Institute and in the Hughes high school, from which he was graduated in 1885. He then became connected with the lumber and sawmill industry in Kentucky and for years was auditor for the Kentucky Lumber Company, the Kentucky Union Lumber Company and the Kentucky Union Land Company, these companies being allied organizations. Mr. Smith CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 795 acted as auditor for all three with headquarters in Lexington and Clay City, Kentucky. He severed his connection therewith, however, to establish his present business in 1901. For several years he conducted a general real-estate business but for the past few years has been making a specialty of power buildings, manufactories and business real estate. He has also financed various business undertakings, has leased many power buildings and has thus been a promoter of trade interests not only on his own account but also in Smith of others. In 1906 Mr. iSmith was united in marriage to Miss Nettie Lent Cohan, who was born in Cleveland, Ohio, but lived in Florida for many years. His fraternal relations are with the Masons and he is also a member of the Cincinnati Business Men's Club. There has been no esoteric phase in all of his record. He has worked along lines, open to investigation, winning success because he has honorably striven for it and gaining his patronage by reason of the fact that he has made his service in the real-estate field of value to his fellowmen. GEORGE RENDIGS. George Rendigs a leading business man and respected citizen of Cincinnati, is the president of The Rendigs-Lothmann Company, importers and manufacturers of fine furs, cloaks and hats. He is numbered among the worthy native sons of this city, his birth having here occurred in 1861. His father, Henry Rendigs, a native of Germany, emigrated to the United States in 1847 and took up his abode in Cincinnati, Ohio, here working as a merchant tailor. He participated in the Mexican war, enlisting from Cincinnati. His demise, which hee occurred in 1897, was.the occasion of deep and widespread regret. He was the father of six children; of whom our subject was the fifth in order of birth. All were born in Cincinnati and became men of prominence here. Two of the sons have passed away. Dr. John Henry Rendigs, the oldest, who died in Cincinnati in 1893, served as coroner of Hamilton county for five terms. George Rendigs was reared in the city of his nativity and attended the local schools in the acquirement of an education. In 1875, when a youth of fourteen years, he embarked in the mercantile business in Cincinnati. In 1890 he established The Rendigs-Lothmann Company, importers and manufacturers of fine furs, cloaks and hats, his partner being Horace W. Lothmann, who acts as secretary and treasurer of the concern. They occupy the entire five floors and basement of the two buildings at Nos. 30 and 32 East Fourth avenue, thus utilizing about twenty-five thousand square feet of floor space. About two hundred and fifty men and women are employed in the sales and manufacturing departments. The establishment of the company is in the center of the downtown shopping district and the first three floors are utilized as sales rooms, while the remaining space is devoted to the manufacture of fur garments, cloaks and suits. The Rendigs-Lothmann Company was the first in Cincinnati to manufacture such goods on an extensive scale. Mr. Rendigs is considered an authority on fine furs, cloaks, etc., and both he and his partner are numbered among the leading business iten of the city. Their store is patronized by the best class of people. 796 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY In 1888 Mr. Rendigs was married to Miss Clara Miller, a daughter of William and Sophia Miller, the father a well known manufacturer of stoves and ranges, being the founder and former president of the William Miller Range & Furnace Company. Helen Miller Rendigs, the daughter, a talented young lady, is a graduate of the Bartholomew-Clifton School and also the C0llege of Music of Cincinnati. The death of Mrs. Rendigs occurred in July, 1907. She had spent her entire life in this city and enjoyed the friendship of many. Mr. Rendigs has also resided in Cincinnati from his birth to the present time, and a host of friends have high appreciation for his genuine worth and genial nature. OSCAR A. BERMAN. One is apt to think of a corporation lawyer as one grown old in the service, a man of sedate habits, of staid judgment and dignified demeanor who has gained his skill in the practice of criminal and civil law and With a well established reputation wins as his clients the large corporations that are controlling trade. Oscar A. Berman is an exception. He is specializing in corporation law and it is said is the youngest lawyer in the United States handling corporation matters exclusively. He has had offices in the First National Bank building since June, 1908, and has gained a large and enviable clientele. Mr. Berman comes of a family of Russian ancestry. His parents are Adolph and Mary Agnes Berman, for many years past residents of Cincinnati. The son Oscar A. Berman was born in Cincinnati, January 5, 1885, and following the acquirement of an education that comprised the usual branches of learning taught in the public schools he turned his attention to the profession of “law as his life work. Of him a contemporary biographer has written: Ten years ago. Mr. Berman concluded that the field of the law was so large that it was impossible for a lawyer to be thoroughly versed in all the various branches of the profession; that as the age is one that demands specialists in limited fields of activity, there were as logical reasons for specialization in the law as in medicine or any other profession. With the aim in mind of devoting himself entirely to corporation law, including the organization, combination and dissolution of corporations, and after graduating from high school at the head of his class in 1903, taking a part of the academic work at the University of West Virginia and later at Columbia University of New York, he entered the Cincinnati Law School. Realizing that a specialist in corporation law must have a thorough understanding and grasp of the various principles of the law involved in corporate litigation, he applied himself during the course to a study of the general scope of the law as well as the particular branch to which he had already aimed to devote his time exclusively. After taking all the prizes offered for scholarship during the three years' course of study, including the Richard H. Wald one-hundred-dollar prize in Contracts, the Judge John R. Sayler prizes of fifty dollars each in Evidence and in Negotiable Instruments, Mr. Berman graduated from the institution, again at the head of his class, being awarded the faculty prize of seventy-five dollars for making the highest record for the entire course. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 799 "He immediately 'associated, himself with a prominent firm of Cincinnati attorneys, where he secured invaluable experience, and later embarked on his own account. This marked the actual beginning of his devotion to the one branch of the law in which he had long before resolved to specialize." While the practice of corporation law is Mr. Berman's real life work, he is not unknown in other connections of a business and public character. He is secretary of The Cutter-Reindeer Company and The Cincinnati Tobacco Machinery Company. In politics he is an independent republican, having been secretary of the Roosevelt Republican Club and a member of Stamina League. He is a member of the Business Men's Club and the Cincinnati Commercial Association and was a member of the Cincinnati Industrial Bureau prior to its consolidation with the Convention League. He is likewise a member of the Cincinnati Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association, Automobile Club of Cincinnati, Ohio State Automobile Association, the American Automobile Association, Cincinnati Gymnasium and Athletic Club, City Club, Ohio Mechanics Institute, Young Men's Mercantile Library Association, American Society for the Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, Home for Jewish Aged and -Infirm, Cincinnati Talmud Thora Association, Temple K. K. Bene Yeshurum and Cincinnati Lodge, No. 4, Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. His interests in life are broad and varied and touch those features which are of significant value in the public thought and action of the day. GEORGE L. KUHLMAN. It is doubtful if Cincinnati could have provided a more capable or better qualified man to discharge the duties of building commissioner than George L. Kuhlman, who has already demonstrated his fitness for the office by his efficient solution of some of the intricate problems he has encountered in the fulfilment of his responsibilities. He was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, February 26, 1852, and was brought to Cincinnati when a child of ten months. Here he grew to manhood, obtaining his education in the public schools. He subsequently attended the Ohio Mechanical Institute for three years, pursuing a very thorough course in drawing and architecture. His school days were terminated in 1869, at the age of seventeen years, when he took up the carpenter's trade, and has ever since followed this vocation except at such times as he was in the public service. He is a very capable mechanic and an excellent business man, and owing to the superiority of his workmanship and his thorough responsibility has met with excellent success in his trade. In. 1870 Mr. Kuhlman enlisted in the Seventh Regiment of the United States Cavalry, of which General Custer was then lieutenant-colonel, and served in some of the western posts. He subsequently hunted illicit distillers in Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama for eighteen months, then went to Dakota where he spent six months in guarding the surveyors of the Northern Pacific Railroad. During the period of his enlistment he became somewhat familiar with the Indian mode of warfare, having participated in two encounters with Sitting Bull. The winter following his service in Dakota, he spent in the quarters at Fort Abraham Lincoln, and the next season