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having been conducted by Daniel Drake and Willard Parker, in connection with the medical department of Cincinnati College (1835-9). From the beginning the relations between the Medical College of Ohio and the Miami Medical College, were strained. The principal cause was the absolute control of the Commercial hospital by the faculty of the Medical College of Ohio. Unceasing efforts were made to have the law changed, by appeals to the trustees of the hospital and the legislature.
After years of strife, the trustees, of the Medical College of Ohio suggested the union of the two schools. At first this met with strong opposition. Two factors finally facilitated the merger. One was the desire of Mussey, then seventy-seven years old, to retire from active work. The other was A. H. Baker, tire enemy of both schools. His threat to make the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery a free school, hastened the union.
A reorganization of the faculty of the Medical College of Ohio in 1857, resulted in the election of four professors from the Miami faculty. Jesse P. Judkins was made professor of descriptive anatomy ; C. G. Comegys, professor of physiology; H. E. Foote, professor of chemistry; and George Mendenhall, professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children.
In 1858, four more of the former Miami faculty were added to the teaching corps of the Medical College of Ohio; John A. Murphy was made professor of materia medica; Wm. Clendenin, demonstrator of anatomy; Clendenin went to Europe in 1859, and E. B. Stevens was appointed in his place. B. F. Richardson, professor of gynecology.
In 1860, the Miami contingent, with the exception of Judkins, withdrew, leaving Blackman in possession of the school. During the war many of the prominent medical men entered the army or navy.
After the war the suggestion to revive the Miami College was received with enthusiasm. A faculty was organized in 1865, with three of the original professors, (Judkins, Murphy, Mendenhall). The others were: Wm. Clendenin, professor of surgical anatomy, and for a time of principles of surgery ; Elkanah Williams. professor of ophthalmology; C. B. Chapman, professor of chemistry; Wm. H. Taylor, professor of physiology, pathology, and morbid anatomy (1865 to 1872), and of obstetrics (1872-1907) ; B. F. Richardson, professor of gynecology and pediatrics (1865-77) ; H. E. Foote, professor of anatomy (1865-9), and of surgery and special pathology in 1869; Dr. Foote died in 1871; Wm. H. Mussey, professor of surgery (1865-82).
During the first session the college occupied the building of the Ohio Dental College, on College street. In the year 1865 the faculty purchased a large lot on Twelfth street, and erected a building on it for a permanent home. The new building was formally opened in 1866.
In 1865 the school obtained equal rights with the Medical College of Ohio in the Cincinnati Hospital. The college grew and prospered from year to year. The management of the school was intelligent, energetic, and always conducted with harmony. The school always kept abreast with the progress of the profession in the demands for higher medical education. The long list of able and energetic men included in its faculties, and the devotion of those on the retired list, to the interests of the school, are reasons, sufficient for its high standing.
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In 1886, the college tried the experiment of affiliation with the university, but soon discontinued it.
The period from 1865 to 1900 was the "Golden Age" for the medical colleges. Every school of merit was crowded with students. Year after year the number in the Cincinnati schools was between seven and eight hundred. After the latter date the persistent demand for higher preliminary education ; the grading of the courses; the lengthening of the term from five to eight months ; resulted in a rapid decrease in the numbers seeking admission. Disintegration and consolidation became the order of the day.
After the sessions of 1908-9, the Ohio and Miami Colleges lost their individuality in the Ohio-Miami Medical College, and were absorbed by the university.
HOSPITALS.
Cincinnati's first hospital, established by act of legislature, January 22, 18n, was due to the efforts of Dr. Drake. It was called the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum for the State of Ohio, and was erected in 1823. The following description is from the Western Medical Gazette of 1832. "The site is a four-acre out-lot of the original plat of Cincinnati, bounded on the east by the Miami canal, and is within one mile of the Ohio river, and cost the township four thousand dollars. The principal building is of brick, fifty-three feet front, facing southwardly, and forty-two feet deep, four stories high, including the basement, which is eight feet high, and the other stories nine and a half feet clear, and over these is a convenient operating theater, with seats for about one hundred spectators. This building is divided into eighteen apartments, with a hall and staircase in the center, and neatly furnished throughout. It was built in 1823, and cost ten thousand dollars in depreciated bank paper, estimated to be worth, at that time, about three thousand, five hundred dollars. The inclosures, additions and furniture have cost seven thousand, eight hundred and seventy-seven dollars. The principal addition is a wing of brick, forty-four feet long, and twenty-eight wide, two stories high with a cellar under the whole ; it is divided into twenty-two apartments, eleven on each floor, adapted to the safe-keeping of lunatics, etc.; those on the first floor for males, and those on the second for females ; and was built in 1827. The whole lot is enclosed with a close board fence ; about two and a half acres of the west part of the lot is in grass, where the male inmates are permitted to walk ; about one acre is cultivated as a vegetable garden, where the females are permitted to resort for airing and recreation; the residue of the lot is divided into convenient yards."
An additional wing, twenty-four by fifty-three feet, was built in 1833. The basement of the new wing was divided into three rooms, one of which was for the apothecary shop, one for the lodging-room of the resident physician and apothecary, and the third for the heating apparatus. Above the basement were three stories, each containing a ward twenty-four by fifty-three feet. The capacity after the addition of the second wing was one hundred and fifty, exclusive of paupers and lunatics. Up to 1861 the staff was composed exclusively of professors of the Medical College of Ohio. The name was changed in 1861 to the Commercial Hospital of Cincinnati, and, in April, 1868, to the Cincin-
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nati Hospital. The Cincinnati Hospital was begun in 1866, after the necessary funds had been raised by popular vote. In December, 1866, the old building was torn down. In 1868, by popular vote, an additional issue of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars worth of bonds was authorized. The new building was occupied on January 7, 1869. It had a capacity of five hundred beds. Nearly a million dollars was spent in its erection. At that time it was the most magnificent structure of the kind on the continent. In 1877 a new amphitheater was opened for the better accommodation of the medical students from the different colleges.
5 "In the year 1901 the overcrowded and defective condition of the old hospital called for action on the part of the board of trustees, then composed of Hon. Julius Fleischman, mayor; Doctors A. B. Isham, P. S. Conner, C. R. Holmes, Mr. Prescott Smith, Captain J. D. Parker, and W. C. Johnston.
"On October 14, 1901, a committee was appointed to carefully inquire into the improvements needed in the hospital, with power to employ competent per-sons from the various building trades."
At a regular meeting, February 5, 1902, the special committee on improvements, reported as follows: "The committee appointed by, your board to investi-gate the necessity and cost of improvements and repairs required to place the City Hospital in good condition, beg leave to report as follows : First, We called to our assistance experts in the various building trades, who examined the hospital in detail. These experts recommended many repairs and improvements as absolutely necessary, and estimated the total cost at three hundred and thirty-eight thousand, five hundred and ninety-four dollars. It is the unanimous opin-ion of this committee that it is unwise to make these repairs and improvements for the following reasons : First, The present hospital buildings were erected before the evolution of the modern hospital, and no expenditure of money will make them an up-to-date institution unless completely reconstructed. Secondly, The growth of the city and rapid increase in the number of patients coming to the hospital will make it necessary, before very long to materially enlarge the buildings, and no satisfactory plan of enlarging has yet been suggested. The permanent policy of the city in regard to the hospital should be fully determined before any large sums of money are expended. We therefore recommend that your board ask for such an amount of money as is necessary to keep the present buildings in ordinary repair, and that the consideration of building an entirely new hospital be taken up at once.
Respectfully submitted,
DR. A. B. ISHAM,
CAPT. J. D. PARKER,
MR. PRESCOTT SMITH,
Committee."
Upon motion of Dr. Conner, the report of the committee was received and adopted. Dr. Holmes then offered the following resolution : "Resolved: That this board prays that the sum of one million dollars be granted for the erection of a new hospital, and the president of the board, Hon. Julius Fleischman, be
5 - From Dr. Holmes' address, June 16, 1911.
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authorized to confer with the corporation counsel for the purpose of having a bill drafted for presentation to the legislature." Carried.
On April 29, 1902, the legislature passed the bill authorizing the city to issue hospital improvement bonds, and on May 5th of the same year, the hospital trustees appointed a building committee, composed of Dr. C. R. Holmes, Julius Fleischman and Dr. A. B. Isham. At the meeting of the board of hospital trustees, December 5, 1902, it was moved by Mr. Fleischman—seconded by Mr. Parker—"That it is the sense of this board that a new hospital is necessary. That a resolution be submitted to the city board of legislation, asking for the issuance of bonds to the amount of one million dollars for the erection of a new hospital, and that a committee of one be appointed to draw up such resolution and present the same." Mr. Fleischman was appointed.
At a meeting of the trustees, held February 27, 1903, the committee, consisting of Drs. Isham and Holmes, recommended the purchase of the property on Burnet avenue, consisting of more than fifteen acres.
On March 16, 1903, the purchase of the ground was confirmed. In 1904, Dr. Holmes recommended that the city acquire the twelve additional acres to the south of land already acquired, making twenty-seven acres in all. Council directed City Solicitor Hunt to take the necessary steps for the purchase.
The following year was devoted to development of plans for the buildings.
In November, 1905, they were accepted by the board of public service. Various causes delayed progress in the work. On February 3, 1908. Dr. Holmes was reappointed advisory commissioner, and Mr. Hannaford, architect. On May II, 1909, a special election was held, which authorized the expenditure of two and a half millions for completing the hospital. In January, 1910, Mayor Schwab appointed the present hospital commission : H. L. Laws, J. A. Green, Dr. J. M. Withrow, Dr. C. R. Holmes, the mayor being a member ex officio. The city has recently (191 ) acquired title to twenty-seven more acres of land lying to the west of the Burnet avenue tract.
The contagious group of buildings has been completed, and occupied. On May 16, 1911, the board entered into a contract for the completion of the entire group of eighteen buildings.
ST. MARY'S HOSPITAL.
This institution was organized by a congregation of Catholic sisters, called the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. This congregation was founded in 1845 by Mother Frances Schervier at Aix-la-Chapelle. In 1857 Archbishop Purcell commissioned Mrs. Sarah Peters, when about to sail for Europe, to bring, if possible, German sisters to this diocese to care for the sick poor of German nationality. When in Rome Mrs. Peters mentioned the matter to Pope Pius IX, who referred her to Cardinal Von Geissel, of Cologne, who proposed the congregation founded by Mother Frances. On August 24, 1858, a colony of six sisters sailed for America. On their arrival in Cincinnati the Sisters of the Good Shepherd gave them hospitality in their own house until the gratuitous offer of a large building was made to them. This building, situated on the south side of Fourth street, between John street and Central avenue, had been known as the St. Aloysius Orphan Asylum. This occurred in September, 1858. By the
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generous donation of Mr. Reuben Springer, the sisters were enabled to equip a large room of forty beds. Seyeral physicians volunteered their services to the new hospital. Before the close of the same year, friends asked the sisters to permit them to look for a more suitable site on which to build a hospital. in March, 1859, they purchased lots on the northwest corner of Betts and Linn streets, on which St. Mary's Hospital now stands. In May, 1859, the cornerstone of the new hospital was laid with appropriate ceremonies by Archbishop Purcell. In December of the same year, the building was consecrated and opened for its purpose. This building had a front of ninety feet and a depth of sixty feet ; was three and a half stories high, and capable of accommodating seventy-five patients. St. Mary's Hospital is the parent institution from which sprang many hospitals and infirmaries conducted by the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis. They opened St. Elizabeth's Hospital in Covington, Kentucky, within two years after St. Mary's Hospital.
Other institutions in different portions of the country followed in rapid succession. In 1888, they founded St. Francis' Hospital for chronic cases, in Lick Run, Cincinnati, Ohio.
The popularity of the hospital increased so rapidly that in ten years the original building was much too small to accommodate applicants for admission. Accordingly, several lots and buildings to the west of the hospital were pur-chased, and a new addition planned, for which the cornerstone was laid July t0, 1873. Shortly after the old portion was remodeled, so that on September 7, 1874, the first (new) half, and on October 3, 1875, the entire structure in its present form were opened. The building thus enlarged, increased the capacity of the hospital to about three hundred beds.
Some years since the sisters purchased a tract of land on Woodburn avenue, Walnut Hills, to meet the growing demands for space. Subsequently, however, they purchased a larger tract in Evanston, on which it is proposed to erect a building which will meet the demands for a generation to come.
LONGVIEW HOSPITAL.
In 1853 the Commercial Hospital accommodated in its annex 147 insane persons. The crowded condition of this institution had long been a matter of con-cern to the people of Cincinnati. In response to the popular demand the county commissioners appointed a committee of medical men—Drs. J. J. Quinn, David Judkins and A. S. Dandridge—to investigate the condition of the annex for the insane, and to report on the same. They urged the lease of temporary quarters for the insane patients of the hospital. As a result of their recommendation the old Ames mansion in Lick Run was rented, and fitted up as an asylum for the insane. Dr. J. J. Quinn was its first superintendent. Drs. Wm. Mount and Oliver M. Langdon were also superintendents of this temporary asylum. This institution served its purpose until 1859, when the permanent home for the insane was ready for occupancy. This home was located on a lot of nearly forty acres in Millcreek township, near Carthage. It was named Longview Asylum, the name "Long View" having been suggested by Dr. C. G. Comegys.
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The superintendents of Longview Asylum proper have been Dr. 0. M. Lang-don (1859-10), Dr. J. T. Webb (1871-73), Dr. W. H. Bunker (1874-77), and Dr. C. A. Miller (1878-90). Since 1891 Dr. Frank W. Harmon has been in charge. The medical staff at present consists of Drs. F. W. Harmon, superintendent, and Drs. E. A. North, W. L. List and John Berry, assistants, all men who have had general hospital experience.
Dr. Oliver M. Langdon, who might be called the father of Longview Asylum, was born in Cincinnati in 1817. He attended Woodward high school and the old Athenaeum. He read medicine under Jedediah Cobb, and graduated from the Medical College of Ohio in 1838. During the Mexican war he served as surgeon of the Fourth Ohio Infantry. In 1848 he returned to Cincinnati. He was the originator of the plan followed by the State of Ohio in the care of colored lunatics, formerly incarcerated like criminals. Dr. Langdon died in Cincinnati in 1878. While Longview Hospital is technically a state institution, it is to all intents and purposes under the control of Hamilton county. This institution since its inception has been constantly improved and enlarged. Since 1909 they have built a large general storehouse, a new woodworking shop, fully equipped with modern machinery, where the patients make all kinds of furniture and repair the old. Wood-carving, inlaid work, and fancy articles of many kinds, are manufactured from different kinds of woods. The grounds cover one hundred acres. The buildings have a frontage of about one thousand feet, and a depth of about three hundred and fifty feet. Clinical instruction is given to medical students.
THE GERMAN DEACONESS HOME AND HOSPITAL.
The year 1888 will be memorable in the annals of hospital work in Cincinnati. It witnessed the introduction of the deaconess nursing system, which had existed in Europe for many years, and especially in Germany since 1836, and had accomplished great results in practical hospital work.
The German Deaconess Home and Hospital was founded June 14, 1888. It was located at 533 East Liberty street. The building, with a capacity of twenty-seven beds, was soon found to be too small, and the efforts of the German Protestant deaconesses and their friends were directed toward securing larger and better quarters. The result of their labors is the splendid building at the southwest corner of Clifton avenue and Straight street, opposite the university grounds. The building is equipped with all the latest improvements in hospital construction. The rooms are large, well ventilated and cheerful. This building was opened in 1903. The hospital has a capacity of one hundred beds. There are thirty private rooms. There is also a private ward with three beds, and there are two free wards.
The staff numbers nineteen physicians and surgeons, men prominent in every branch of the profession. There are four internes. There are twenty-five nurses in the hospital proper. These sisters, who have consecrated their lives to the work, have had a thorough theoretical and practical training, and most of them have had long experience in their work. During the past year 1,173 patients, in all departments, were treated in 'the hospital proper.
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The building and equipment have cost $120,000.
The branch institution, the Ohio Maternity Hospital, is located in the for-mer home of the institution, at 529-533 East Liberty street. It is both a mater-nity hospital and children's home. It now has ten rooms and forty beds. There are seven trained nurses in this department. At the beginning of the last year nine nurses were in training, six more were received during the year, and nine were graduated. Two hundred and twenty-eight children were cared for ; one hundred and sixty-one were born in the institution.
The Maternity Hospital and grounds have cost $25,000.
BETHESDA HOSPITA.L AND GERMAN DEACONESS HOME.
Bethesda Hospital is connected with the German Methodist Deaconess Home, and here the deaconesses who enter the institution receive their training as nurses. The Deaconess Home was founded in 1896 ; Bethesda Hospital was opened two years later. Both institutions are managed by the same board. Near the hospital stands the maternity hospital, and back of it the new power house and laundry. The hospita1 property has a frontage of 3310 feet on Reading road, and 150 feet on Oak street.
This property, including ground and five buildings, is valued at $175,000. The hospital has seventy beds, two wards, two operating rooms, an X-ray room, a laboratory, and a pharmacy. The building is heated with steam and lighted with electricity. A corps of twenty-seven physicians and surgeons compose the staff. About one-fourth of the cases last year were of charity patients. Nine hundred and sixty-five patients in all were cared for, and 534 operations were performed. At the Maternity Hospital To cases were taken care of. The Deaconess Home, next door to the hospital, has room for fifty deaconesses. It is spacious, has a chapel, parlors, lecture room, and a splendid library. All the buildings are heated and lighted from this power house. During the past year large iron verandas were built on evethrough of the hospital, and through a number of convenient stairways which lead to the ground, they serve at the same time as fire escapes. The record of work done in the wards and rooms since the hospital was opened, not to speak of the out-patient department, shows that nearly ten thousand patients have been treated. The capacity of the hospital is taxed almost all the time. The proportion of medical and surgical patients is about one-half. The deaconesses are obtained from all parts of the country, as far west as California, as far south as Texas. The institution is controlled by a board of managers, consisting of twenty-one persons, and by an advisory board consisting of fifteen men from various parts of the country. Seventy deaconesses are connected with the mother-house, which has branches in Cincinnati, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul, Kansas City and stations at La Crosse, Wisconsin ; Quincy, Illinois, and Cleveland, Ohio.
In the village of Wyoming, one of the suburbs of Cincinnati, the mother-house has a beautiful Deaconess Rest Home with thirty-four acres of ground. This home was presented to the board by the first treasurer of the institution. Mr. John Kolbe, who has since gone to. his reward. In honor of his wife, this home is called The Gertrude Kolbe Deaconess Rest Home. To this spacious
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home, surrounded by a beautiful park, the deaconesses go for rest when tired out, and in summer many of them spend their vacation here. The location, on a beautiful elevation, is ideal, and the property is valued at $40,000.
Two years ago the hospital received a magnificent donation in the gift of "Scarlet Oaks," a property of forty-seven acres in Clifton, one of the suburbs of Cincinnati. On one of the hills of these grounds stands a beautiful house of thirty-five rooms, which has been converted into a sanitarium. The donor, Mr. E. H. Huenefeld, has been a member of the board of managers since the organization of the institution. He has succeeded Mr. John Kolbe as treasurer. and his son, Mr. Walter Huenefeld, has been elected assistant treasurer. The grounds at "Scarlet Oaks" were put into splendid condition, and the view from the windows of the house is unsurpassed in southern Ohio. "Scarlet Oaks" is an annex to Bethesda Hospital and the property is valued at $165,000. From the first the house was not large enough to accommodate the number of patients who have made application. Therefore the building of an annex is contemplated. "Scarlet Oaks" has a frontage of two thousand feet along Lafayette avenue in Clifton, and of twelve hundred feet along the Miami canal, which the city of Cincinnati intends to convert into a boulevard. The entire property of Bethesda Hospital and its branches at Cincinnati is valued at $410,000.
THE HOSPITAL OF THE METHODIST DEACONESSES—CHRIST HOSPITAL.
In 1888 the Methodists founded a home for deaconesses in a house on York street near John. In this building of eleven rooms Christ Hospital was opened in the month of September, 1889. Within a few months the house was found to be too small to accommodate the patients who applied for admission. Neighboring houses were rented until the institution had a capacity of sixty rooms. When the home was opened there were but two deaconesses to take possession. Within two years thirty deaconesses were engaged in the work. The work was growing and the need of larger quarters became imperative. At this juncture James Gamble, Sr., purchased the capacious house previously occupied by the Thane Miller Boarding School for Girls, and having fitted it up to the requirements of a modern hospital, donated it to the Methodist deaconesses.
In the month of June, 1893, the new Christ Hospital was formally opened with accommodations for sixty patients. The hospital is most pleasantly situated. Historically it is of interest to the medical profession. The house on Auburn avenue, to the right ,of the entrance leading to the hospital, was many years ago the home of one of the most brilliant surgeons of his day, Reuben Dimond Mussey.
In 1900 a large female ward was added, increasing the capacity to eighty beds. In 1902 a powerhouse was erected north of the hospital. This provides the institution with electricity, operates an ice plant, a heating system, and a laundry. Many internal improvements were added in 1903, giving the hospital a capacity of one hundred and twenty beds. In 1908 a nurses' home was opened in connection with the hospital, to commemorate the name of Mary E. Gamble. The nursing staff numbers sixty nurses. The number of patients treated annually is now more than fourteen hundred. The hospital has an
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active staff of eighteen physicians and surgeons, and a consulting staff of eight The child's department, the gift of James N. Gamble, purchased in 1910, at a cost of $25,000, was formally opened August 22, 1911. It adjoins the main building on the south. An annex will be built in the coming year for the pay department, at an estimated cost of $75,000. It will have fifty rooms. The grounds of the hospital cover about five acres.
ST. FRANCIS HOSPITAL oR THE HOTEL FOR INVALIDS.
In 1842 Dr. Talliaferro, aided by- Drs. Vattier, Strader and Marshall, estab-lished a hospital at the southwest corner of Franklin street and Broadway, which was known as the Hotel for Invalids. It was the second regular hospital in the city. This hospital was conducted by Dr. Talliaferro and others for ten years.
In 1852, when the Sisters of Charity took charge of the building, they called the new institution St. John's Hotel for Invalids in honor of St. John the Baptist, the patron saint of the Ecclesiastical Superior of the Sisters of Charity, Archbishop Purcell. The medical staff was composed of the professors of the Miami Medical College.
Coincidentally with starting this hospital, the Sisters of Charity had opened an asylum for male orphans at the northwest corner of Third and Plum streets, under the name of St. Peter's Asylum.
In 1855 the St. John's Hotel for Invalids was moved to the northwest corner of Third and Plum streets, St. Peter's Asylum having a new home in Cumminsville. The cost of making the necessary alterations in the building, and fitting it up for a hospital, was borne by Drs. Mussey, Mendenhall, Murphy and Foote. The thew hospital had accommodations for seventy-five.
One day in the spring of 1866, a man poor and weak, called at St. John's and asked to see the superior. Sister Anthony received him. He told her he had been taken sick, and being a stranger, had applied to Joseph C. Butler, president of the Lafayette Bank. Mr. Butler gave the man a card to Sister Anthony with a request to take care of the man, and promised to be responsible for any obligations incurred. A few weeks later the man called on Mr. Butler to thank him for the kindness received. Mr. Butler then called on Sister Anthony and asked what the obligation was. Sister Anthony replied that there was none, that "our dear Lord would pay the poor man's debts."
Mr. Butler was shown through the institution. He asked about the work, and noticed the crowded condition of the place. Sister Anthony said: "We could do much more good if we had room to take care of the many who apply for aid, only to be refused because we have neither the means nor the room to receive them." When Mr. Butler reached his office he found Mr. Lewis Worthington waiting for him. Mr. Butler told him all that had transpired. The two decided that so worthy a charity should be aided. At this time the United States govern-ment was anxious to dispose of the Marine Hospital, at Sixth and Lock streets, which had been a military hospital during the war. Messrs. Butler and Worth-ington purchased the property for $70,000, and gave it to Sister Anthony and her associates. The conditions of the deed were that it should be held in perpetuity as a hospital under the name of The Hospital of the Good Samaritan ; "that
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no applicant for admission should be preferred or excluded on account of his or her religion or country, and that with the exception of cases of contagious or chronic diseases, any and all afflicted requiring medical or surgical treatment should be admitted if there was room for their accommodation ; that one half of the rooms or wards should be kept for the destitute sick, the preference being always given to women and children, and if practicable one ward should be devoted especially to sick children, and, as far as practicable, consistent with the object of the trust, rooms should always be kept for receiving those victims of accidents occurring in shops, on railroads, or from fire and other causes ; that when the resources from paying patients, donations or endowments should afford revenue sufficient to support the institution as an entirely free hospital, it should then become such, and should be devoted exclusively to the use of the destitute sick, except that the managers might receive persons who were able to pay for special medical or surgical treatment to the extent of one third of the capacity of the institution, such persons paying or not, as their sense of right might dictate, provided that all the funds received after securing an endowment sufficient to make the hospital a free one should go towards extending the buildings and accommodations ; provided always that any patient should be at liberty to send for any medical adviser he or she might desire, though not employed by the institution, but such medical attendance was not to be a charge or cost to the institution ; that a portion of the ground might be used for the erection of a dispensary, medical or surgical lecture room or building devoted to the promotion of medical or surgical science, but such building or buildings must always belong to the institution and estate, and no portion of the funds derived from the hospital should be appropriated to such improvements."
In October, 1866, St. John's was abandoned and the Good Samaritan opened. The medical charge of the hospital gradually passed into the hands of the faculty of the Medical College of Ohio..
In 1867 W. T. G. Morton gave a demonstration of ether-anaesthesia in the hospital.
In 1875 an amphitheatre for clinical teaching with a seating capacity of four hundred was erected, mainly through the efforts of Robert Bartholow, who collected most of the money for its erection. In 1891 a large annex was constructed which greatly increased the capacity of the institution.
The new Good Samaritan Hospital will be located at Clifton and Dixmyth avenues, opposite Burnet Woods. Fourteen acres of ground have been secured. The sisters purchased eight, and six were given by Joseph C. Butler. The building will be on the pavilion plan—but all under one roof—a large central administration building with six wings. Any one or more wings may be shut off at any time, and become as isolated as if in a separate building. When the entire structure is completed it will have a capacity of four hundred beds, with five operating rooms, dressing rooms, preparation rooms, sterilizing rooms, a floor devoted to maternity cases, a well-equipped hydrotherapy department, sun-porches, open porches, and every convenience known to modern therapeutics. A free clinic department will be maintained from the time the hospital opens. The estimate cost of the buildings now being erected is, about $350,000.
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The old buildings at Sixth and Lock streets will be used as an emergency hospital.
OHIO HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN AND CHILDREN.
The Ohio Hospital for Women and Children started with a free homeopathic dispensary, in 1879 under the special care of Dr. Martha May Howells and Dr. Ellen M. Kirk, who gave their services free. In three years the number of patients amounted to 2,164.
The need of a hospital was felt and the one now in use at 549 W. Seventh street, was opened in 1881. A legal corporation was founded and a complete organization effected "Its purpose being to establish and maintain a hospital for the homeopathic treatment by competent female physicians—of the diseases of women and children—of giving therein clinical instruction to female students of medicine and of training nurses—for a purpose other than profit and with no capital stock."
The names of those signing the articles of incorporation were Mrs. Davies Wilson, Mrs. Jane Wendte, Mrs. Rev. John Goddard, Mrs. Wm. N. Hobart, Miss Jennie Spencer Smith, Miss H. M. Hinsdale, Dr. Ellen M. Kirk and Dr. Martha M. Howells.
The work has gone on steadily, in a quiet, unostentatious way, making more of a home than the ordinary hospital for the patients..
Besides the free wards, where only female physicians are in charge, there are private rooms where patients may have any physician or any school.
A free clinic is established, and there is a training school for nurses, who must be high school graduates.
The hospital with its up-to-date operating room, and its new elevator, is in thorough sanitary condition and in beautiful order throughout.
ST. FRANCIS' HoSPITAL.
In the year 1888 the St. Peter's Cemetery, located at Queen City avenue, Fairmount. was abandoned, and on its site was erected a large and commodious hospital, which began its career on December 27, 1888, under the charge of the Sisters of St. Francis. It was originally intended as an annex or adjunct to St. Mary's Hospital, of Betts street, by admitting principally tubercular patients and those suffering from chronic or incurable diseases, whose presence in St. Mary's would prejudice the admission of acute cases. However, for several years past some patients with acute diseases, not of an infectious nature, have been some-times admitted.
The St. Francis Hospital soon had a large influx of patients, so that the first annual report of the medical staff, for the year ending Dec. 31, 1889, showed that 371 patients had been admitted during the year, 216 were discharged, 46 died, and 109 remained in the institution on the date mentioned. That the untiring efforts of the Sisters of the Poor of St. Francis to minister to the poor of every nationality, race or religion, were appreciated, was shown by many benefactors who made it possible to add more beds and otherwise increase the capacity of the hospital. In 1890, 501 patients were treated at the hospital ; in
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1891, 617 patients were treated. This number rose in 1894 to 663, in 1896 to 815, in 1900 to 1,057. In 1910 the total number under treatment was 1,077. In 1892 there were 242 beds, which by extension to the buildings were increased to 366 in 1910.
The rapid increase in the number of cases of cancer and the fact that very few local hospitals were equipped to treat the unfortunates suffering from this terrible disease, induced the self-sacrificing sisters to erect two extra wings or separate buildings for the reception of these patients. Here the sufferers are made as comfortable as sympathy and care can render possible.
In 1906 a well-equipped laboratory was established, and in the same year the operating room was equipped with all the necessary instruments and appurtenances for emergency work in surgery.
The St. Francis Hospital is one of the great hospitals of Cincinnati, and it has done noble work in behalf of the suffering poor in this region of the country.
MEDICAL LIBRARIES.
Early in the history of the Medical College of Ohio a library of medical books was established there. It is known to have been a good collection, but has long since passed out of existence. In the first circular of the college, issued August 20, 1820, it is stated that "the library provided for the institution already consists of more than five hundred volumes in the English and French languages, and embraces most of the text and elementary, and many of the rare and curious works in anatomy, physiology, the practice of physic, surgery, chemistry, obstetrics, materia medica, medical jurisprudence, and botany, both general and medical." Most of the books were imported.
At one time, in 1830, Dr. Jeciediah Cobb, a member of the faculty, was sent to Europe to make purchases of books, engravings, etc., for the library. From time to time reports were made to the legislature and the faculty as to the condition of the library. In 1831, Drs. John Moorhead and John F. Henry reported over nine hundred volumes. A report made in 1847 showed 2,002 volumes. The library had cost $6,500.
THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION.
In September, 1851, was founded the above named society. Forty-four physicians subscribed $515. The list embraced every prominent member of the profession in the city at that time. Dr. Drake gave 140 volumes, including Cloquet's great work on anatomy.
At a meeting of the executive committee Dr. Drake was appointed to deliver the inaugural address at the opening of the library, three rooms havfiyebeen leased for a term of five years from the Medical College of Ohio. The date of opening was to have been December 26, 1851. On December 20, 1851, it was announced that Dr. Drake's lecture was postponed on account of the freezing of the Ohio river, Dr. Drake being at that time in Louisville. Dr. Drake arrived in Cincinnati, January 5, 1852. He delivered his first lecture January 9th, on "The Early Medical Times in Cincinnati," and the second lecture on January 10,
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1852, on "The Origin and Influence of Medical Periodical Literature and the Benefits of Medical Public Libraries." The constitution of the association, in Dr. Drake's handwriting is hanging on the walls of the library in the Cincinnati Hospital. On April 16, 1852, Dr. Drake gave a public lecture on the "Causes of Consumption," under the auspices of the Library association. On January 1, 1853, a committee was appointed to draft a new constitution. On January 18th the committee announced that "they had secured twenty-two new members, too few to carry, on the association." There is no memorandum later than March 8, 1853. The books and furniture were auctioned off.
THE CINCINNAT1 HOSPITAL MEDICAL LIBRARY.
In 1865, Dr. John H. Tate, who had been a member of the hospital staff for some years, presented to the Academy of Medicine the following resolution: "Resolved, That the legislature of Ohio be respectfully petitioned to alter the law establishing and regulating the Cincinnati Hospital, so that the money received from the sale of tickets to medical students shall be set apart as a special fund to be used only in creating and maintaining a medical library and museum in con-nection with that institution, which shall be open to all physicians of Cincinnati free of charge." The motion was carried.
Upon motion of Dr. Tate a committee of six was appointed to memorialize the legislature on the subject. The president of the Academy of Medicine then appointed the following committee : Drs. Patton, Muscroft, Tate, Walker, Thornton and Unzicker.
On March 1, 1870, the legislature passed the following amendment to section 5 of an act entitled "An Act regulating the Cincinnati Hospital :" The trustees in their discretion, and under such regulations as they may prescribe, may admit medical students, not pupils of said college (Medical College of Ohio), to witness the medical and surgical treatment of patients in said hospital. The trustees shall have the power whenever they may deem it for the welfare of said patients so to do, to dismiss the faculty of said college from attendance on said hospital.
"The trustees may affix to the introduction or admission into said hospital of the pupils of said college, or other medical students, such fees as they may deem proper, but the same shall be alike to all, and shall be paid to the treasurer of the city of Cincinnati, and be used for a fund for establishing and maintain-ing a medical library and museum for said hospital; and the said board of trustees shall, from time to time, appropriate and apply such said fund for the purchase of a library of scientific books and specimens and illustrations directly connected with, and collateral to, the cultivation of medical and surgical science, which shall be open, at reasonable hours, to all physicians of Cincinnati, and to all such pupils, and medical students admitted to the privileges of said hospital, as aforesaid, free of charge."
Steps were then taken to establish the library. There was a difference of opinion as to the location : in the hospital building or in a room provided for it in the Cincinnati Public Library. On August 8, 1870, a proposition from the board of trustees of the Cincinnati Hospital was presented to the board of man-
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agers of the public library relative to arrangements for a room to accommodate the books about to be purchased.
On September 12, 1870, the board of managers of the public library replied that they would prepare a distinct catalogue, and a room suitable for the accommodation of the books, with the power of the board of trustees to designate whether the library would be in whole or in part a circulating library, or a library of reference. The above to continue in force for five years. On September 16, 1870, the board of trustees of the Cincinnati Hospital unanimously accepted the conditions of the public library. On December 1, 1870, a list of books was selected by the medical staff and forwarded to the board of trustees. On May 28, 1871, the books were ordered and paid for out of the library fund. The arrangements with the public library proved so unsatisfactory that on January 29, 1874, the medical staff recommended to the board of trustees the withdrawal of the hospital library from the public library, the same to be deposited in the hospital building. In 1875 this recommendation was carried out. The library at that time contained 1,521 volumes.
On May 28, 1874, Dr. William Carson was elected librarian. Dr. Carson held this position until his death, July 9, 1893. On July 1, 1885, P. Alfred Marchand was appointed assistant librarian. This position he still holds.
On May 11, 1892, the library was opened to the profession, in its new quarters on the upper floor of the hospital. Dr. C. G. Comegys, president of the staff, opened his address to the audience as follows : "It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to this spacious and commodious hall, which the trustees of this hospital have so beautifully prepared for the large and growing medical library of this school. Few of our citizens have been aware of this accumulation of medical literature, which is of so much value in the progressive growth of Cin-cinnati as a seat of learning in the great Ohio valley. I think we can assert that there is none comparable to this special library west of the Alleghany mountains." At the same time Dr. William Carson, librarian, thus summed up the contents of the library : Total bound volumes, 7,363 ; current periodicals, 151. After the death of Dr. Carson, Dr. P. S. Conner was elected librarian. This position he held until his death, March 26, 1909. Since that date Dr. E. W. Mitchell has held the position. At this date (September 1, 1911) the number of bound and unbound works of all kinds is about nineteen thousand. The library hall has long been inadequate—it is filled to overflowing. The present condition calls for the consolidation of all the medical libraries in the city, and an up-to-date, fireproof building capable of holding one hundred thousand volumes.
THE MUSSEY MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY.
On March 17, 1874, Dr. W. H. Mussey placed his collection of medical and scientific works in the public library, on such terms as to make it practically a gift to the public. In addition to the purely professional and scientific works there were many theological and philosophical works. On July 31, 19439, there were 6,021 bound volumes and 4,390 pamphlets in the library.
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THE WHITTAKER MEDICAL LIBRARY.
The Whittaker Medical Library, bequeathed by the late Dr. James T. Whittaker to the Medical College of Ohio, contains 1,547 volumes and 538 pamphlets. It is at present stored in the Van Wormer Library building.
THE WESTERN ASSOCIATION FOR THE PRESERVATION OF MEDICAL RECORDS.
The Western Association for the Preservation of Medical Records was established in this city in May, 1909. The material desired is briefly stated as follows :
1. Medical journals published i1880; west and south prior to 1880;
2. Medical books and pamphlets written qt- published in the west and south ;
3. Manuscripts and autographs of early physicians ;
4. Old diplomas and other documents of a medical character ;
5. Proceedings of medical societies ;
6. Reports of hospitals and other medical institutions ;
7. Catalogues and announcements of western and southern medical colleges of all "schools ;"
8. Biographies and portraits of western and southern physicians ;
9. Information and material of any kind pertaining to medicine and medical men and affairs in the west and south ;
10. Curios of medico-historical character.
THE LLOYD LIBRARY.
The founding of the Lloyd Library may be said to date from the purchase of two books—Fowne's Chemistry and Parrish's Pharmacy—by John Uri Lloyd. These books were studied by him in 1864, during his apprenticeship, and are now in the library. Broadening necessity compelled the young student to purchase more books in the pursuit of his studies. After serving two apprenticeships, and a decade of prescription work, the habit of collecting developed into a longing for whatever touched upon pharmacy, practically or educationally. Through years of indifference, if not of hostility on the part of friends of the founders, the library grew, as each acquisition made others necessary to carry out the expanding ideals of the founders. Gradually pharmacists and medical men came to appreciate the scope of the library. As the institution grew a division of the work became necessary. The younger member of the firm of Lloyd Brothers, Mr. C. G. Lloyd, was from his youth inclined to the study of botany. After graduating from the School of Pharmacy, and serving an apprenticeship in the drug business, he began his life work in the department of botany. In the library his collection of books, herbarium and specimens became larger than the one devoted to materia medica and pharmacy. In making this magnificent collection Mr. Lloyd has spent years of research in Europe. In process of time the merged libraries became so great that a building was determined upon. This building was erected in 1902, and was designed to contain both books and specimens. For five years this building, was ample for all purposes, but at the end of that time the building was filled to overflowing, and in the winter of 1907-8
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the new building was erected. Building number one contains the mycological (fungi) library, the herbarium containing over thirty thousand pressed flowering plants, and the mycological museum, more complete in classified fungi than the combined museums of the world.
Building number two has four stories, 22½ x 72 feet. It is devoted to botany and pharmacy (with a section on eclectic medicine). The libraries contain at present about thirty-five thousand bound volumes, and twenty thousand unbound pamphlets. The library has sufficient shelving to receive ninety-eight thousand volumes. The care of the libraries requires the entire time of two librarians.
MEDICAL SOCIETIES.
Ninety-two years ago was formed the first medical society of Cincinnati—the Cincinnati Medical Society. This society, as far as can be ascertained, expired with the same year, 1819. Its officers were : Elijah Slack, A. M., president ; Oliver B. Baldwin, D., vice president ; John Wooley, M. D., secretary ; William Barnes, M. D., treasurer.
Elijah Slack, the president, was not a physician, but a Presbyterian minister and a chemist of note. In 1817 he took charge of the Lancaster Seminary, and in 1820 became president of the Cincinnati College. He, was made professor of chemistry when the Medical College of Ohio was founded and continued with that institution for eleven years.
The registered physicians of that date were : John Selman, Daniel Drake, John Cranmer, Coleman Rogers, Daniel Dyer, William Barnes, Oliver B. Baldwin, Isaac Hough, John A. Hallman, Josiah Whitman, Samuel Ramsay. , Edward Y. Kemper, John Douglas, Ithiel Smead, John Wooley, Trueman Bishop, Ebenezer H. Pierson, Jonathan Easton, Charles V. Barbour, Vincent C. Marshall.
THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY.
The Medico-Chirurgical Society was founded January 3, 1820. Its constitution provided for two classes of members, honorary and juniors. The former consisted of practitioners of physic and surgery, or persons eminent in its collateral sciences, residing in the western country, and especially in the State of Ohio ; the latter of students of medicine, who were admitted under certain regulations.
The first officers were : Daniel Drake, M. D., president ; Elijah Slack, A. M., vice president ; Vincent C. Marshall, M. D., junior vice president ; B. F. Bedinger, M. D., corresponding secretary ; John Wooley, M. D., recording secretary ; C. W. Trimble, M. D., librarian and treasurer.
The last meeting of which there is any record was held in March, 1822.
THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL ASSOCIATION.
The Cincinnati Medical Association was founded February 21, 1821. Dr. John Selman was elected president, and Dr. James Buchanan, secretary. At this meeting a "Medical Police" (code of ethics), and rules and regulations
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for the government of the association were adopted. A "Fee Bill," which covered every possible kind of service, was promulgated.
The members were : John Selman, Samuel Ramsay, Jesse Smith, Ebenezer H. Pierson, Coleman Rogers, John Moorhead, John Cranmer, Wm. Barnes, Josiah Whitman, Daniel P. Robbins, Joseph Buchanan, Ichabod Sargent, Oliver Fairchild, Edward Y. Kemper, Cyrus W. Trimble, Abel Slayback, Trueman Bishop, Wm. T. Crissey.
THE FIRST DISTRICT MEDICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO.
The First District Medical Society of Ohio was instituted by Dr. John Rogers and others in 1824, under a law creating twenty medical districts with a medical society for each. The law called for a "Convention of Delegates" to be the executive body. The first convention was held in 1827.
In 1829 Dr. Drake was president ; Edwin A. Atlee, vice president; Vincent C. Marshall, corresponding secretary ; James Warren, recording secretary ; Melanchthon Rogers, treasurer ; Isaac Hough, librarian. Dr. Wooley was for several years censor.
During the session of 1833-4, the legislature repealed the laws regulating the practice of medicine, and thus abolished the district societies and the General Medical Society, which was composed of representatives from each district society.
THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The Cincinnati Medical Society (second of the name) was founded March 4, 1831, and incorporated in February, 1833. In March, 1833, the following officers were elected : Landon C. Rives, president ; John F. Henry, first vice president ; Charles Woodward, second vice president ; John T. Shotwell, treasurer; William Wood, chairman ; Stephen Bonner, secretary.
In 1835 its officers were : Landon C. Rives, president ; Charles R. Cooper, first vice president; James M. Mason, second vice president; B. F. Williams, secretary ; Israel S. Dodge, librarian ; Isaac Colby, curator of herbarium; John S. Riddell, curator of cabinet of minerals.
The society ceased to exist in 1838.
THE MEDICO-CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF CINCINNATI.
The Medico-Chirurgical Society of Cincinnati (second of the name) was instituted in 1848. The perturbed state of the profession in 1849 and 1850 nearly resulted in the dissolution of the society.
In 1850 Dr. Drake returned to the city. He immediately began the reorganization of the society. Dr. Drake was made president ; Stephen Bonner, first vice president ; Threlkeld, second vice president ; George Mendenhall, recording secretary ; John A. Warder, corresponding secretary ; Oliver M. Langdon, treasurer ; J. P. Walker, librarian.
The society flourished for a number of years. In 1857, when the academy was in process of formation, the, society was asked to merge with the new
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organization. At first a number of members dissented, but through the efforts of Dr. R. R. Mcllvaine the union was accomplished.
THE CINCINNATI MEDICAL SOCIETY.
The Cincinnati Medical Society (third of the same) was organized November 18, 1851. At the preliminary meeting Samuel A. Latta presided and John H. Tate acted as secretary.
At the first regular meeting Dr. Wolcott Richards was elected president ; Dr. W. S. Ridgeley, vice president; Dr. N. T. Marshall, recording secretary ; Dr. John H. Tate, corresponding secretary ; Dr. N. S. Armstrong, treasurer.
The society during its eight years' existence enjoyed a high degree of prosperity.
The presidents after the first year were : John Locke (two years), Charles Woodward, George Fries, Israel Dodge, Thomas Carroll and Leonidas Moreau Lawson.
An unsuccessful attempt to merge the society with the Academy of Medicine was made at the founding of the latter organization. In 1860, however, when Dr. R. R. Mcllvaine, the founder of the academy, returned from Paris, he speedily brought about the union.
THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE OF CINCINNATI.
"At a meeting of the Medico-Chirurgical Society in February, 1857, Dr. R. R. Mcllvaine, who had just returned from the east, told the members about the New York Academy of Medicine. He suggested that the interests of the profession and the community would be advanced by a similar organization here, and that the meetings should be held in a hall rented for the purpose rather than in the houses of the members."
The Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati was organized March 5, 1857, at a meeting held for that purpose in the lecture room of Bacon's building, at the northwest corner of Sixth and Walnut streets. The following gentlemen were present and took part in the organization : Stephen Bonner, Wm. Clendenin, Cornelius G. Comegys, Henry E. Foote, A. E. Heighway, C. B. Hughes, Alex. M. Johnson, Jesse P. Judkins, Wm. Judkins, R. R. Mcllvaine, John A. Murphy, Reuben D. Mussey, Wm. H. Mussey, Joseph B. Smith, Edward B. Stevens, J. T. Webb, Elkanah Williams, John F. White.
Dr. J. B. Smith was elected temporary chairman and Dr. C. B. Hughes, secretary. After the adoption of the constitution the following gentlemen were elected to serve as officers during the ensuing year : R. D. Mussey, president; J. B. Smith, first vice president ; R. R. McIlvaine, second vice president ; C. B. Hughes, recording secretary ; C. G. Comegys, corresponding secretary ; Wm. Clendenin, treasurer ; J. P. Judkins, librarian.
On the evening of April 6, following organization, the academy commenced holding its meetings regularly in the lecture room of Bacon's building, which had been secured for that purpose at fifty dollars a year. It continued to meet there until March 7, 1859, when it began to hold its sessions at the office
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of Dr. J. F. White, northwest corner of Fourth and Race streets, over the drugstore of Stevens & Snyder. From there it removed, February 6, 1860, to the hall of the Dental college on College street.
At the regular meeting held May 4, 1857, Dr. R. D. Mussey, the venerable president, delivered his inaugural address. On account of advanced age and infirmity, he did not preside again during the year. The secretary, Dr. Hughes, thus sketches the address :
"Professor Mussey then proceeded to deliver his inaugural address, touching upon what he understood to be the principal objects to be attained by the establishment of the academy, namely, the investigation and discussion of such subjects as vital statistics ; public and private hygiene ; the adulteration of food ; progress of medicine and surgery ; condition of the atmosphere in relation to epidemics ; original observations of disease ; the encouragement of medical scholarship, and of making the proceedings of the academy the basis of public opinion on matters pertaining to medicine. The doctor concluded by hoping that a love of truth would prevail over rivalry and dissension. It was this hope that had induced him to accept the honor that the academy had been pleased to bestow upon him."
At a meeting held March 8, 1858, the code of ethics of the American Medical Association was adopted.
At the same meeting Dr. C. B. Hughes offered the following resolution, which was adopted :
"Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed by the academy to confer with committees of the Cincinnati Medical Society and the Medico-Chirurgical Society—if these societies deem it proper to appoint such committees—upon the expediency of a union of them with the academy."
Drs. Almy, Clendenin and Hughes were appointed the committee.
On the evening of the 13th of the following September the committee, having reported that it had made no progress in accomplishing the object for which it had been appointed, was discharged.
The academy held its meetings monthly from the time of its organization until it removed to the hall of the Dental college, when it commenced holding weekly meetings—every Monday evening.
On the 5th of December, 1867, the academy was divided into seven sections, as follows :
1. Practical medicine.
2. Anatomy and surgery.
3. Obstetrics and diseases of women and children.
4. Materia medica, therapeutics and chemistry.
5. Pathology, general anatomy, morbid anatomy and physiology.
6. Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology.
7. Hygiene.
At the regular meeting, held March 1, 1869 (a majority of all the members of the academy being present and voting in the affirmative), it was resolved that the academy be duly incorporated under the laws of the state of Ohio, and Drs. R. R. Mcllvaine, J. J. Quinn and J. P. Walker were elected trustees.
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ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION.
(Received and recorded March 6, 1869.)
From the proceedings of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, Hamilton county, State of Ohio, March 1, 1869, for the express purpose of taking a vote to become a body corporate under the laws of Ohio.
"It was now moved that the society become an incorporated body under the name of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati." The question being presented by the chairman, Dr. John Davis, was decided in the affirmative by an unanimous vote, there being present fifty-nine (59) members, a majority of the enrolled members of the association. Three trustees, Dr. J. P. Walker, J. J. Quinn and. R. R. McIlvaine were then elected to serve during the pleasure of. the academy ; these gentlemen accepted the trust. The secretary, Dr. John L. Neilson, was instructed to have so much of the proceedings as was required for the consumma-tion of the act of incorporation entered at the recorder's office of Hamilton county, State of Ohio.
JOHN DAVIS, M. D., President.
[Corporate Seal.]
JOHN L. NEILSON, M. D., Clerk.
HAMILToN COUNTY, STATE OF OHIO-SS.
I, Joseph T. Blair, recorder within and for the county aforesaid, do hereby certify the foregoing to be a true and correct copy of Articles of Incorporation from Academy of Medicine of the City of Cincinnati.
Received and recorded on the sixth day of March, 1869, in Church Book No. 2, page 348, Hamilton county, Ohio records.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my official seal at Cincinnati, this ninth day of June, A. D., 1909.
[Seal.] JOSEPH T. BLAIR, Recorder.
On the 25th of November, 1871, the academy removed to College hall, on Walnut street, above Fourth, and the time of meeting was changed to Saturday evening.
On the 5th of May, 1873, the academy again removed to Bacon's building, on the corner of Sixth and Walnut streets, and the meetings were again held on Monday- evening.
On the 26th of January, 1874, the academy returned to the Dental college. On the 28th of February, 1876, the sections were abolished and a committee on essays appointed.
On May 1, 1882, the academy removed to Lancet hall, 199 and 201 West Seventh street.
On January 8, 1894, the academy moved to Lincoln hall, corner of Eighth and Race streets.
On April 8, 1895, the academy moved to Assembly hall, Odd Fellows' building.
On September 21, 1896, the academy moved to the Cincinnati Literary Club rooms, 25 East Eighth street.
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UNION OF THE VARIOUS MEDICAL SOCIETIES WITH THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE.
On the 13th of February, 1893, an invitation was extended to the Cincinnati Medical Society, the Walnut Hills Medical Society and the Cincinnati Obstetrical Society to join the Academy of Medicine.
On the 27th of February, 1893, the following communication was received:
"CINCINNATI, February 23, 1893.
"T. V. FITZPATRICK, M. D., Secretary of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati.
"DEAR DOCTOR :
"At the last meeting of the Cincinnati Medical Society, the invitation from the Academy of Medicine to this society to unite with the academy was formally accepted.
"L. S. COLTER, M. D.,
"Secretary Cincinnati Medical Society."
The following resolutions were then adopted :
"WHEREAS, The Academy of Medicine has invited affiliating medical socie-ties of this city to join the academy; and,
"WHEREAS, The Cincinnati Medical Society has accepted such invitation; therefore, be it
"Resolved, That the Cincinnati Medical Society be received into the Academy of Medicine as a body, without election or further ceremony than signing the constitution and by-laws of the Academy of Medicine by each individual member of the Cincinnati Medical Society.
"Resolved, That in case a member of said Cincinnati Medical Society is already a member in good standing of said Academy of Medicine, he or she shall not be required to again sign said constitution and by-laws, as it is taken for granted that such an act has already been performed."
The secretary of the academy was instructed to notify the members of the respective bodies of the union of the Cincinnati Medical Society with the Academy of Medicine.
On July 6, 1907, the academy became a member of the Cincinnati associated organizations.
ORIGINAL MEMBERS.
*BONNER, STEPHEN.
*CLENDENIN, WM.
*COMEGYS, C. G.
*FOOTE, H. E.
*HEIGHWAY, A. E.
*HUGHES, C. B.
*JOHNSON, A. M.
*JUDKINS, J. P.
*JUDKINS, WM.
*McILVAINE, R. R.
*MURPHY, J. A.
*MUSSEY, R. D.
*MUSSEY, W. H.
*SMITH, J. B.
*STEVENS, E. B.
*WEBB, J. T.
*WILLIAMS, E,
*WHITE, J. F.
*Deceased.
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HONORARY MEMBERS.
