CINCINNATI THE QUEEN CITY 1788-1912 ILLUSTRATED VOLUME IV THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY CHICAGO - CINCINNATI 1912 BIOGRAPHICAL THE LONGWORTH FAMILY. For more than a century the Longworth family has figured most prominently in connection with the history of Cincinnati. It was in May, 1804, that Nicholas Longworth, grandfather of the Hon. Nicholas Longworth, the representative of the family in the present generation, arrived in this city. He was then a young man of twenty-one years, his birth having occurred in Newark, New Jersey, on the 16th of January, 1783. Attracted toward the legal profession, he became a student in the office and under the direction of Judge Burnet, at that time the most distinguished lawyer of the city. Following his admission to the bar Mr. Longworth engaged in active practice until 1819, when he retired from the legal profession to give his supervision to his property and other interests. He had ever regarded the purchase of real estate as the safest of all investments and as his law practice brought him substantial financial return, he bought land and by its sale added materially to his financial resources, reinvesting still more largely in property. At times he was enabled to purchase city lots for ten dollars or less. Remarkable sagacity seemed to indicate to him what would prove a profitable investment and after holding a purchase for a time he would sell at an advanced figure that would permit of more extensive purchases. It is related of him that on one occasion a client agreed to give him in payment of a fee two second-hand copper stills but afterward approached Mr. Longworth with the proposition that he would give him instead thirty-three acres with frontage on Western Row from Sixth to Seventh streets. The latter proposition was accepted and today the property is worth about two million dollars. Wherever opportunity offered for investment .Mr. Longworth added to his realty holdings until his aggregate possessions were greater than that of any other property owner of the city. It is said that in the year 1850 his taxes on realty were greater than that of any other man in the United States save William B. Astor. The conduct of business and the accumulation of wealth, however, constituted only one phase in the life of Mr. Longworth. He was 'a man of varied interests and of versatile ability. A contemporary wrote of him : "Longworth is a problem and a riddle; a problem worthy of the study of those who delight in exploring that labyrinth of all that is hidden and mysterious, the human heart, and a riddle to himself and others. He is a wit and a humorist of a high order ; of keen sagacity and shrewdness in many other respects than in money matters ; one who can be exact to a dollar, and liberal, when he chooses, with thousands ; of marked peculiarity and tenacity in his own opinions and yet of - 5 - 6 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY abundant tolerance to the opinions, however extravagant, of others—a man of great public spirit and sound general judgment. All these things rarely accompany the acquisition and the accumulation of riches. In addition to all this, it would be difficult to find an individual of his position and standing so perfectly free from pride, in the ordinary sense. He has absolutely none, unless it be the pride of eccentricity. It is no uncommon circumstance for men to become rich by the concentration of time and labor and attention to some one object of profitable employment. This is the ordinary phase of money getting, as closing the ear and pocket to applications for aid is that of money saving. Longworth has become a rich man on a different principle. He appears to have started upon the calculation that if he could put any individual in the way of making a dollar for Longworth and a dollar for himself at the same time, by aiding him with ground for a lot or in building him a house on it—and if, moreover, he could multiply cases of the kind by hundreds or perhaps thousands, he would promote his own interest just in the same measure as he was advancing those of others. At the same time he could not be unconscious that while their half was subdivided into small possessions, owned by a thousand or more individuals, his half was a vast, a boundless aggregate, since it was the property of one man alone. The event has done justice to his sagacity. Hundreds, if not thousands, in and adjacent to Cincinnati, now own houses and lots and many have become wealthy who would in all probability have lived and died as tenants under a different state of case. Had not Mr. Longworth adopted this course he would have occupied that relation to society which many wealthy men now sustain—that of getting all they can and keeping all they get." Mr. Longworth gave much in charity. He did not, however, believe that any one had the right to dictate to him the manner in which his bequests should be made or his aid given, and there were those who did not receive solicited assistance who spoke harshly of him and his methods. Those who knew him well, however, relate almost innumerable instances of his generosity and the timely aid which he gave when he felt convinced that the cause was a worthy one. He did not believe in the indiscriminate giving which fosters vagrancy or idleness and he usually chose as the recipients of his bounty those whom he' thought that other people, even though charitably disposed, would be apt to overlook. About the middle of the nineteenth century he acted as a supernumerary township trustee and at stated hours his office was crowded with people to the number of twenty, thirty or fifty, seeking aid. Into these cases he carefully examined, thus making liberal gift of his time and patience as well as his means. Mr. Longworth was public-spirited in an eminent degree and gave active aid and cooperation to many movements which he believed would constitute elements in Cincinnati's growth and progress. On one occasion the question was put to him concerning the terms for which he would sell the Mount Adams property for observatory purposes. He asked no price but promptly made a donation of the ground—four acres in extent—for that purpose. Then arose a little incident which clearly indicated the nature of Mr. Longworth. An assertion which appeared' in one of the city papers after the building had been completed intimated that Mr. Longworth was prompted by interested motives —that his adjoining property would become more valuable because of the use CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 7 made of the land. Such an imputation was supremely ridiculous but Mr. Longworth resented the attack thus made upon him and caustically replied that if the individual who wrote the article would deed the same quantity of ground for an observatory he would himself put up a building equal to that which had been erected upon Mount Adams and appropriate the spot thus vacated for promenade grounds to be forever used by Cincinnati's citizens, adding that the writer in such a case, according to his own deductions in relation to Mr. Long-worth, must derive profit from the improvements of his adjacent property and at the same time would confer a lasting public benefit on his fellow townsmen. It is needless to say that no reply was made, and the original gift of the four acres by Mr. Longworth remains today as an indication of his public spirit and generosity. He was also the founder of the Cincinnati Art School, which remains as another expression of his public spirit. In many ways Cincinnati benefited by the efforts and influence of Mr. Long-worth, in which connection a contemporary writer says : "Nor ought it to be forgotten that Mr. Longworth's labors in the introduction of the grape and improved cultivation of the strawberry, on which objects he has spent thousands of dollars, he has made these fruits accessible to the means of purchase of every man, even the humblest among us. How much more manly and spirited is this than tempting the poor man with sight of luxuries he may look at but can never expect to taste." Aside from the keen insight and aptitude for successful management which Nicholas Longworth displayed, he possessed considerable literary ability, and again we quote from a former biographer, who said : "Mr. Longworth is a ready and a racy writer, whose vein of thinking and expression is always rich and who blends pleasantry and wit with grave arguments and earnest purposes. His writings on the strawberry and the grape and his various contributions to the. press abound with examples of this kind, recognizable here as his at a single glance. His bon mots and quizzicalities are like his own sparkling champagne, brilliant and evanescent." Mr. Longworth indeed left the impress of his individuality upon the city in which he resided for many years, not only by reason of his business ability, which made him 'Cincinnati's most wealthy resident, but also owing to his personal character. He may have been eccentric but his ideas and his efforts were usually practical and accomplished results which were beneficial and lasting and which perhaps others would not have undertaken. The representative of the family in the second generation to bear the same name was Judge Nicholas Longworth, who for an extended period sat upon the bench, his connection with the common pleas court being followed by election to the supreme court of the state. He came to be known as one of the foremost exponents of the law in Ohio. His birth occurred June 16, 1844, in this city, his parents being Joseph and Annie (Rives) Longworth. Liberal educational facilities were offered him and after graduating from Harvard College with the class of 1866 he was matriculated in the Cincinnati Law School and in 1869 secured his admission to the bar. His university course had been completed with high honors and served as an excellent foundation upon which to rest the superstructure of his professional learning. He at once entered upon active practice in Cincinnati and although advancement at the bar is proverbially slow, he was not long in establishing himself in a foremost place as a capable exponent 8 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY of the law. He was seldom, if ever, at fault in the application of a legal principle and his work in the courts was particularly free from judicial bias. There was in him little of that variable and disturbing force which is sometimes the expression of personal prejudice or previous study. Even it practice he weighed carefully the evidence presented by his opponent and was therefore able to meet his argument with a strong defense. In 1876 he was called to the bench of the common pleas court, whereon he served for five years or until 1881, when he was elected one of the supreme court judges of Ohio, filling that position until 1883. On October 3, 1866, Judge Longworth was united in marriage to Miss Susan Walker, a daughter of Judge Timothy Walker and a granddaughter of Benjamin Walker. Judge Walker was married first at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 9, 1832. His first wife died in Cincinnati in 1834, and in this city, on the 11th of March, 1840, he married Eleanor Page Wood. Judge Walker was a graduate of Harvard College of the class of 1827 and became a prominent lawyer and jurist of Cincinnati, where he died January 15, 1856. Judge and Mrs. Longworth became parents of a son and two daughters : Hon. Nicholas Long-worth, Annie Rives and Clara Eleanor. The elder daughter was born in Cincinnati, December To, 187o, and was married at Rookwood, the Cincinnati home of the Longworths, June 3, 1902, to Buckner Ashby Wallingford, who is an iron merchant of Pittsburg and a son of Buckner A. Wallingford, Sr., of Maysville, Kentucky. The younger daughter was born October 18, 1873, and was married at Rookwood, February 19, 1901, to Count Aldebert de Chambrun, a son of Marquis de Chambrun. He is a captain of artillery- in the French army and resides in Paris. The death of Judge Longworth occurred January 18, 189o, when he was in the forty-sixth year of his age. Few men of his years attain so distinguished a position at the bar. He was fearless in attack because his position was based upon a comprehensive knowledge of the law, and a remarkable discernment enabled him to readily understand the weak points in an adversary's cause. However, he was not learned in the law alone. He possessed mechanical skill and was equally proficient in music. Few have equal knowledge of the writings of standard authors and his love of poetry was a paramount force in his life. His acquaintance with the classics was most wide and his translation of Electra, while preserving the pith of the original, makes Greek poetry readable even in the English language. Hon. Nicholas Longworth, the representative of the family in the present generation, was born in Cincinnati, November 5, 1869. Harvard was to him, as to other members of the family, his alma matey and after winning his literary degree, that of Bachelor of Arts, in 1891, he spent a year in the Harvard Law School. His legal training, however, was completed in the Cincinnati Law School and in 1894 he was admitted to the Ohio bar, after which he devoted four years to the practice of law. Since 1898 he has figured prominently in Ohio politics and in 1899 was elected to represent his district in the Ohio legislature and afterward became a member of the senate. He was next sent from the first Ohio district to the fifty-eighth congress and was reelected for a second term. His time is now largely devoted to the management of his business interests which have come to him as a part of the Longworth estate. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 9 His marriage was one of the most brilliant social functions ever witnessed in Washington. On the 17th of February, 1906, in the east room of the White House, he wedded Miss Alice Lee, daughter of Theodore Roosevelt, the twenty-sixth president of the United States. JOSEPH SCHREIBER. One of the older and well established undertaking establishments of Cincinnati, is that located at 1910 Race street, which was founded by the late Joseph Schreiber. He was born in Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany, in 1828, and there he was also reared, obtaining his education in the common schools. After laying aside his text-books he was apprenticed to the cooper's trade, which he continued to follow during the remainder of his period of residence in the fatherland. In his early manhood he decided to become a citizen of the new world; so took passage for the United States. Upon his arrival in this country he located in Cincinnati, where he was for a time identified with the cooper's trade. He subsequently engaged in the undertaking business, which proved to be very successful from the start, and was the means of numbering Mr. Schreiber among the capable business men and substantial citizens of the city. He was in every sense of the word a self-made man, having arrived in this country ignorant of the language and customs and with no capital save an inexhaustible faculty for work and the courage that gave him the fortitude to meet every misfortune and hardship with a brave heart and the unflinching determination to proceed in the attainment of his ambition. No financial aid was ever rendered him, other than that afforded every business man, while the influence and friends who assisted in promoting the development of his enterprise were won through the recognition of his sterling worth and many substantial qualities. In the parental home in Germany there had been instilled into his youthful consciousness an appreciation of thrift, industry and honesty as the most indispensable assets in the acquirement of success, and thus was laid the foundation of Joseph Schreiber's commercial career. Mr. Schreiber married Mary Herberger and to them were born the following children : Carrie, the deceased wife of John Heinrich, whose death occurred September 11, 1909, at the age of fifty-eight years ; Joseph, unmarried, who passed away on the 25th of July, 1886, at the age of twenty-four years and six months ; Rosie, also unmarried, who died in June, 191o, at the age of forty-three ; Louisa ; William A.; Catherine ; Amelia ; and Matilda, who married J. P. Morbrink. Although he was ever most loyal in his allegiance to the United States in both thought and deed, Joseph Schreiber never forgot the fatherland and maintained close relations with his fellow countrymen through the medium of his membership in all of the German fraternal organizations of Cincinnati. In religious faith he was a Roman Catholic, and belonged to St. John parish. He passed away on the 26th of August, 1897, at the age of sixty-nine years. William A. Schreiber, who is in charge of the business founded by his father many years ago, has always conducted all of his transactions in such a manner 10 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY as to fully sustain the reputation given to the enterprise by its founder, who. was ever known to be loyal to every trust and thoroughly reliable. In the acquirement of his education Mr. Schreiber attended the public schools of this city, later matriculating at St. Joseph's College, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 1886. Immediately after leaving college he became associated with commercial activities, entering his father's business, which he has now conducted for twenty-eight years. He married Miss Katherine Grieb, a daughter of Joseph Grieb, a well known baker of Cincinnati. Mr. Schreiber is a member of the Elm Street Club, and both he and his wife are communicants of the Roman Catholic church. THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY. The Procter & Gamble Company ranks as one of the greatest and most perfectly conducted manufacturing concerns of America, if not of the world. This distinction has been gained by many years of skilful management and today the products of its factories are recognized as standard wherever the name is known. Practically three-quarters of a century has elapsed since the company entered upon its career, the partners little dreaming at the outset that the whole world would become the theater of their operations. Adapted in a remarkable degree for the business, they resolutely applied themselves and, notwithstanding the financial panics of 1857, 1873 and 1893 and temporary reverses which are inevitable in the development of every important enterprise, they bravely faced every obstacle and the great plant at Ivorydale stands as an enduring monument to their genius and foresight. In 1890 the firm of Procter & Gamble was incorporated as The Procter & Gamble Company. The leading officers at the time of its incorporation were : William A. Procter, president ; James N. Gamble, first vice president ; Harley T. Procter,' second vice president ; David B. Gamble, secretary and treasurer ; Wm. Cooper Procter, general manager, all of whom represented the second generation of the families in the business. Having been identified with the business almost from their boyhood, they were well prepared at the outset to take up the work which their fathers had so ably conducted and to carry it forward upon even a larger scale than before had been attempted. This magnificent enterprise is a splendid example of achievement in the industrial world through the combined efforts of men actuated by high ideals and working harmoniously together for a common purpose. The Procter & Gamble Company is notable especially for its attention to the welfare of its employes—it was the first in this section of the country to. establish the Saturday half-holiday throughout the year, and its efforts to devise a satisfactory plan of profit sharing for its employes is known the country over. The profit-sharing plan of the company, which has borne the test of a number of years, has attracted great interest and it is believed by many students of economic conditions that this system will ultimately be applied by leading business organizations all over the country. Already its beneficial effects are CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 13 to be witnessed in several of the states and a description of the plan and its practical application cannot fail to be of general interest. A profit-sharing plan was tried first in the factory of the firm of Procter & Gamble in the year 1887 ; at that time it consisted, in effect, of a semi-annual distribution of cash, in amount equal to a percentage of the employe's wages, the rate of dividend being dependent upon the earnings of the firm; later, after the incorporation of The Procter & Gamble Company, in 1890, the. rate was fixed the same as that paid upon the common stock of the company. The profit-sharing plan at first was extended to all employes, but very soon was limited to those earning fifteen hundred dollars per annum or less. The weakness of the plan mentioned above was that in a large percentage of the cases no portion of the profit-sharing dividend was either invested or saved—there was no enforced saving, so that after a few years the employes came to look upon their profit-sharing dividend as a part of their income upon which they could rely in much the same manner as their salary. For this, and other reasons, the necessity for a radical change was felt, and in the year 1903 a plan for dividends through stock ownership was adopted, which, with slight modifications, is in force at the present time, and may be considered, so far as this business is concerned, an unqualified success. The plan requires that an employe, to be eligible for a profit sharing dividend, must own common stock of the company, at its market value, to the amount of a year's salary ; if the employe does not own this amount of stock the company will buy it for him, requiring a small payment in cash when the purchase is made, and a moderate annual payment each year, until the stock is paid for in full, interest in the meantime being charged against the employe on his unpaid balance at the rate of three per cent per annum. The employe is guaranteed by the company against loss through decline in the market value of the stock, and receives as credits the dividends on the stock and a profit-sharing dividend of twelve per cent which is applied toward the payment of his stock until same is paid for in full, after which the ownership of the stock is vested in the employe, and all dividends are paid to him in cash. After the employe has been a participant in the plan, or an owner of the common stock of the company for five years, he is entitled to subscribe for twenty-five per cent additional stock and to receive a profit-sharing dividend at the rate of fifteen per cent, and after ten years to subscribe for a further twenty-five per cent and receive a profit-sharing dividend of eighteen per cent. The majority of the employes of the company have taken advantage of this opportunity, and are receiving profit-sharing dividends as well as the. regular dividends which are paid to all holders of the common stock of the company. The employes are now the actual owners of approximately two thousand five hundred shares of stock, upon which the present market value •is about one million dollars. In answer to an inquiry as to how profit sharing would work in the event of the business sustaining a loss, one of the managers of the company says : "We have been fortunate in our business and have always been able to show a balance on the right side of the ledger at the end of each year, so that the question has never presented itself for action. The developer of the plan, however, believes that the employes should not stand any proportion of the 14 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY loss. The wages they receive are paid them for the ordinary efforts that laborers usually exert. The profit-sharing dividend is paid them for the extraordinary labor and care which they give in return for the dividend. Under these ,conditions, if the business at any time should show a loss, the company can see no reason why the employe should stand a proportion of it, because in reality they do sustain a loss from the fact that they have given extra labor and care, for which they receive no compensation: The capital invested would certainly be no worse off than in a business where the profit sharing was not in force, but on the contrary would have received from employes better service than they would have given, if such a system were not in force and their loss is less than it otherwise would have been. Under these conditions the company thinks it would be a wrong and a hardship to ask the employe to bear any proportion of such loss." During the twenty-one years which have elapsed since the incorporation of The Procter & Gamble Company, there have been comparatively few changes in its principal officers ; Mr. William A. Procter, at his death, was succeeded by his son, Mr. Wm. Cooper Procter, as president ; Mr. James N. Gamble has retained the vice presidency since the incorporation of the company ; the office of second vice president has been discontinued ; the office of secretary has been filled for a number of years by Mr. Hastings L. French, who succeeded Mr. David B. Gamble ; Mr. J. H. French succeeded Mr. David B. Gamble as treasurer, shortly after the company was, formed and at his death in 1903 was succeeded by his son, Mr. Herbert G. French ; the office of assistant secretary was created and is now filled by Mr. Harty W. Brown, and Mr. John J. Burchenal is the present general manager. WILLIAM PROCTER. William Procter, one of the founders of the firm of Procter & Gamble, was born. in Herefordshire, England, in December, 1801. He was educated at the Luckston school and began in business at the age of sixteen. When he was nearing thirty he was connected with the clothing business in London. Three years before this time he became acquainted with William Hooper, who emigrated to America and located at Cincinnati, where he readily found employment.. He gave such a glowing account of his new home that Mr. Procter crossed the ocean in 1830 and after arriving in Cincinnati began the manufacture of candles. A few years later he formed an acquaintance with James Gamble, who was engaged in the manufacture of soap. The two kinds of business fitted so well together that the young men finally determined to unite their business and in 1837 the firm of Procter & Gamble was formed, a partnership which lasted during the remainder of their lives. In 1833 Mr. Procter was married, at Cincinnati, to Miss Olivia Norris, and to them the following children were born : William A., George H., Harley T., Edwin R., Percy, Mrs. John Morrison, Mrs. Thomas Morrison, Mrs.. Herbert Bell, Mrs. Theodore Jones and Harriet. Mr. Procter in his intercourse with others exercised those genial qualities .that win lasting respect and esteem. He CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 17 was a man of great industry and perseverance and in all his transactions was absolutely just. In religious belief he adhered to the Episcopal church and it is said that he never failed to give away at least one-tenth of his annual income, thus literally obeying the Biblical injunction. He died in Cincinnati; April 3, 1884, having long held a position as one of its most respected sand honored citizens. JAMES GAMBLE. James Gamble, junior member of the noted firm of Procter & Gamble, was a native of Ireland, born at the Graan, near Enniskillen, County Fermanagh, in April, 1803. He was a son of George Gamble, a farmer who was obliged to sell his land. on account of reverses in all lines of business following the Napoleonic wars and in 1819 came with his family to America with the hope of retrieving his fortune. The trip down the Ohio river was made by a flatboat. The objective point of Mr. Gamble was Shawneetown, Illinois, but his son James was seized with illness on board the boat and was taken ashore at Cincinnati. The father decided that Cincinnati would be better for his purpose than Shawneetown and accordingly settled in this city. He started a nursery on Fifth street, near Central avenue, but on account of the encroachments of population later moved to Vine and Fifteenth streets and finally to York street and Central avenue, where he continued in the .same line of business. After recovering his health James Gamble apprenticed himself to a Mr. Bell, who was running a little soap factory located where St. Xaxier's College now stands. The apprentice remained for several years at this place until he had thoroughly mastered the business and in 1828 began the manufacture of soap for himself on Walnut, near the site of the present customhouse, also adding candles for which there was a constant demand. His business increased so that he found it necessary to move to Water street. and Central avenue. After his marriage, William Procter having selected a wife from the same family as Mr. Gamble, the father-in-law suggested that the family become further united by a partnership between Mr. Procter and Mr. .Gamble. This partnership was effected in 1837. They purchased property on Central avenue, opposite York street, and there continued for fifty years, when the shops at Tvorydale were ready for operation. In 1833, at Cincinnati, Mr. Gamble was married to Miss Elizabeth Ann Norris, who was born in Ireland, February 15, 1811. They became the parents of nine children, four of whom are now living, James N., William A., David Berry and Edwin P. It was always the aim of Mr. Gamble to make the products of the firm indispensable to the public. That was one of the keys to his success. He was a man of great determination and, though he never received an extensive school education, he acquired a large fund of general information. He knew everything pertaining to the business in which he was engaged 'and knew it well. He was never identified with politics other than as a voter and was not given to social or secret organizations. Religiously he was a consistent member of the Methodist church. He died April 29, 1891, a few days after having entered upon his eighty-ninth year. 18 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY WILLIAM A. PROCTER. William A. Procter, the eldest son of William Procter, and former president of The Procter & Gamble Company; was born in Cincinnati, August 24, 1834. He received his preliminary education in the public schools of this city and later attended Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio. In January, 1851, he became connected with the firm of Procter & Gamble and continued with the firm and the company until the time of his death. Much of the success of the organization was due to his good business judgment. He served as president from the time the company was incorporated in 189o, until his .death in March, 1907. To Wm. Cooper Procter, who succeeded to the presidency, belongs the credit of evolving the admirable plan of cooperative labor under which the company is now operating. In the management of the great concern of which he is the head Mr. Procter has displayed remarkable business ability, unfaltering purpose and a laudable ambition to develop a trade of immense proportions. His ambition has been realized, and he now enjoys the results of many years of wisely applied endeavor. JAMES N. GAMBLE. James N. Gamble, son of James Gamble and vice president of The Procter & Gamble Company, was born at Cincinnati, August 9, 1836. He received his early education in a private school in this city and later matriculated at Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio, where he pursued the regular course, graduating with the degree of A. B., in 1854. Subsequently he took a course in chemistry and in 1857 was granted the degree of A. M. by his alma mater. His introduction to business was as salesman for Procter & Gamble. Subsequently he became superintendent of the factory and about 1859 was made a member of the firm. He had charge of the erection of the buildings at Ivorydale into which the firm moved in 1887. Mr. Gamble is now vice president of the company and maintains offices in the Union Trust building. He is also a member of the board of directors of the Citizens National Bank and the Little Miami Railroad Company. At the time of the Civil war he served as a member of the Home Guards at Cincinnati. On the 22d of April, 1862, Mr. Gamble was married to Miss Margaret Penrose, who was born in Ireland, a daughter of William Penrose, a captain in the British army. Mr. and Mrs. Gamble have two adopted children : Maud, who is the wife of A. K. Nippert, of Cincinnati ; and Olivia, who, is at home. Mrs. Gamble is now deceased. Politically Mr. Gamble is a lifelong supporter of the republican party, having voted for every republican president since the party was founded. His religious belief is indicated by membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. He belongs to the Masonic order and also the Chamber of Commerce, the Business Men's Club and the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, with which he became connected when at college. Energetic, prompt and notably reliable, he never , stops short of successful accomplishment and CINCINNATI-—THE QUEEN CITY - 21 in the management of his business affairs he is constantly extending the scope of their activities. It is doubtful whether any man is more highly respected in Cincinnati than Mr. Gamble. DAVID BERRY GAMBLE. David Berry Gamble, former secretary and treasurer of the Procter & Gamble Company and a son of James and Elizabeth A. (Norris) Gamble, was born in Cincinnati, November 6, 1847. He attended the public schools and then became a student of Hughes high school, from which he was graduated in 1865. After leaving the high school he became salesman for R. W. Carroll & Company, book .sellers and publishers, and continued with this company for four years. He then entered the employ of the firm of Procter & Gamble and occupied various positions in the factory until he became a member of the firm. Upon the incorporation of the company he was elected its secretary and treasurer, from both of which offices he resigned shortly after the incorporation, and has had no official connection with the company for a number of years. He is also a director of the Globe-Wernicke Company, manufacturers of office furniture and bookcases. On September 12, 1882, Mr. Gamble was married to Miss Mary A. Huggins, a daughter of the Rev. William S. and Mary F. Huggins, of Chicago. To this union four children have been born, three of whom are now living, Cecil H., Sidney D. and Clarence James. The only daughter, Elizabeth, died December 4, 1890. Politically Mr. Gamble is a stanch supporter of the republican party and in religious belief he and his wife are identified with the Presbyterian church, of Avondale. WILLIAM A. GAMBLE. William A. Gamble, a son of James Gamble and member of The Procter & Gamble Company, was a native of Cincinnati. He was born September 1, 1845, and secured his education under private tutorage and in the Cincinnati public schools. His first business experience was received as an employe of Robert Clarke & Company, book sellers and publishers. Later he became a member of the firm of Procter & Gamble and after the incorporation of the company continued as one of its members. He was also treasurer of the Ohic Mutual Life Insurance Company and vice president of the Lakeside Company. For a number of years he was connected with the Tonawanda Iron & Steel Company, manufacturers of pig iron. On October 3, 1872, Mr. Gamble was married to Miss Francisca W. Nast, a daughter of Rev. William Nast, who was for many years editor of the Cincinnati Christian Apologist and was one of the early German pioneers in Methodism in the west. Mrs. Gamble survives her husband and resides in Avondale. Religiously he was attached to the Methodist church and was an 22 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY active worker in its behalf. In politics Mr. Gamble voted in support of the principles and candidates of the republican party. Upright and progressive in all his dealings, he well merited the high regard in which he was held by his associates and acquaintances. BENJAMIN B. DALE. Among the prominent characteristics of Benjamin B. Dale, who is well known in Cincinnati and is one of its successful lawyers, is his decision of character and ability to take care of himself under all circumstances. He early learned to depend upon his own judgment and as he gained a good practical training and has all his life been an observer and student, he has kept pace with the times and is well prepared to solve problems that might prove a serious inconvenience to one less favorably educated. He was born in Cincinnati July 19, 1858, a son of James and Sarah E. Dale. The father was quite prominent for many years in this city and was a member of several secret orders. He was .a director of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute ; commissioner of the Cincinnati Industrial Exposition ; a member of the Union Board of High Schools and a member of the committee appointed to erect Music Hall. There is no doubt that the son owes much of his success to the careful advice and training he received under his honored parent. Benjamin B. Dale attended the public schools and in 1878 was graduated from the Woodward. high school. He received the degree of LL. B. from the Cincinnati Law School in 1881 and has engaged in practice since May 26 of that year. He was formerly director and attorney for the American National Bank and is now serving on several boards of directors of manufacturing and other corporations, devoting his attention to civil practice in the various courts. He is treasurer and attorney for the William Woodward Funds property, covering seven acres, the income of which is devoted to the benefit of the public schools. For a number of years he has been actively connected with real-estate interests and has been identified with several sub-divisions of the city and also with the erection of buildings for renting purposes. On the 22d of April, 1886, in Cincinnati, Mr. Dale was married to Miss Anna M. Harvey, a daughter of Josiah Harvey, and two children have been born to this union, Morris James and Benjamin Harvey Dale ; both of whom are unmarried. Mrs. Dale is a niece of General Jesse M. Brown, a retired surgeon of the United States army. She is a graduate of the Cincinnati Wesleyan College and an active worker in the Woman's Club. Mr. Dale and his Wife are both sincere believers in the authority and inspiration of the Bible and are members of the Avondale Methodist Episcopal church of which he is. trustee. He has taken an active part in public movements of various kinds and has served as delegate. to political conventions, but has never sought public office on his own account, preferring to concentrate his energies .upon his pro- fession and his private affairs. He was for a number of years a member and ,officer of the Globe lodge of Odd Fellows and is now connected with the Business Men's Club, the Queen City Club and the Cincinnati Golf Club. He has CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 23 always sustained the character of an upright and progressive citizen. As an orator he possesses no mean talents and he has frequently been called upon to address political, religious and other meetings. He is an admirable representative of the best class of educated men who inspire respect and esteem for the faithful discharge of their responsibilities and whose industry and executive capacity seldom fail to lead them to fortune. GEORGE H. OSTERFELD. George H. Osterfeld, president of the Mohawk Brewing Company with plant at Hamburg and McMicken avenues, has been at the head of this undertaking since May 1, 1907. His birth occurred in Cincinnati, April 22, 1873, his parents being August and Margaret (Rakers) Osterfeld. The father was at the head of the Bellevue Brewing Company as president. In 1888 he formed a stock company and purchased a business which at that time was in the hands of a receiver. At that time the output of the plant was nine thousand barrels of beer but under the capable direction of Mr. Osterfeld the trade was increased to such an extent that at his death the output was forty-five thousand barrels. He was a very energetic, capable business man, and assisted in encouraging and developing a number of other business enterprises. He was one of the organizers of the Brighton German Bank and of the Fairmount Distillery Company which owned what is known as the Wooden Shoe Distillery. He was likewise proprietor of the Osterfeld Dairy and his keen insight into business transactions and possibilities of trade enabled him to develop projects of worth. He died in 1898, leaving a family of six sons and two daughters. He had been an excellent husband and father and to his widow and children he bequeathed a most comfortable competence. Mrs. Osterfeld still survives her husband and resides at what is the old homestead at No. 2144 Selim avenue. Mr. Osterfeld deserved much credit for what he accomplished in a business way. He was of benevolent spirit and contributed liberally to the building fund of St. Bonaventura church, on Westwood avenue. At his death he remembered in his will a great many institutions to which he had been a liberal supporter in his lifetime. A native of Prussia, he sailed from the old world as a poor boy, landing in New York about 1862, practically penniless and alone. When he reached Cincinnati he was in possession of but thirty dollars which he had earned in New York city. Within a comparatively short time he had brought himself up to a position among the prominent business men of this city, his indefatigable energy proving the foundation of his prosperity. He died at the age of fifty-six years, January 9, 1898. George H. Osterfeld attended the public schools and also St. Joseph's College but laid aside his text-books at the age of fifteen years to assist his father in the brewery, taking charge of the office and later the financial interests of the business. For eighteen years he was connected with the Bellevue Brewery but (luring the last eleven years of that period served as secretary and general manager. He retired from that position to become president of the Mohawk. Brewing Company on the 1st of May, 1967. He is also a director of the 24 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Brighton German Bank and is treasurer of the Brewers Board of Trade of Cincinnati, Covington and Newport, Kentucky. Mr. Osterfeld was married in Cincinnati to Miss Lillian Buhr, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Buhr. They now have three children, Margaret, George, Jr., and Gertrude. Mr. Osterfeld votes with the republican party but is not actively interested in politics. He is a member of the St. Boniface church and the Catholic Order of Foresters, also the Knights of Ohio and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. He has always resided in Cincinnati and is well known as a representaholding tos brewing interests, holding,to a high standard in the line of manufacture in which he is engaged. REV. CHARLES FREDERIC GOSS, D. D. The Rev. Charles Frederic Goss, D. D., was born in Meridian, New York, June 14, 1852. His father was the Rev. Simon Sartwell Goss, a minister of the Presbyterian church and his mother was Mary Catherine (Weaver) Goss. Dr. Goss was graduated from Hamilton College, in 1873, and received the degree of D. D. from the same institution in 1898. He was graduated from the Auburn Theological Seminary in 1876. He was married to Miss Rosa E. Houghton, of Clinton, New York, August 30, 1876. Dr. Goss was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1876. He was pastor in Weatherford, Texas, 1876-78, Limestone, New York, and Kendall Creek, Pennsylvania, 1878-81, Utica, New York, 1881-85, the Moody church Chicago, 1885-90. He spent two years recovering health at Kettbecames, Washington, and then becathe associate pastor of the Madison Avenue church, New York city, 1892-94. He has been pastor of the Avondale Presbyterian church, Avondale, Cincinnati, since 1894. He is the author of "The Optimist,". "The Philopolist," "Hits and Misses," "The Redemption of David Corson," "ThSunshineLife," "Little Saint Sun-.shine," "Just a Minute" and "Husband, Wife and Home." Dr. Goss is one of the best known and beloved men of Cincinnati. He is probably more in demand as an occasional speaker than any other man in the city. He is one of the very few honorary members of the Business Men's Club. He is recognized as one of the most brilliant writers and speakers of this city. He is characterized by personal charm, deep and broad sympathies, great earnestness, intellectual grasp, a felicitous style, rapid and interesting delivery, and power to illuminate whatever subject he treats. One of his novels was among the best sellers of the year in which it appeared. His work for a number of years on the Sunday School Times gave him vast influence with a host of readers in the religious world. His articles signed "The Optimist," which appeared some years ago in a Cincinnati daily, had a wide circle of readers who considered them a first rate tonic for the day's work ; these articles in book form have continued to hold an appreciative company of readers. All of his books rank high. Dr. Goss is the highly esteemed pastor of a powerful church, the influence of which is felt throughout the city. Dr. Goss ranks among the very foremost of the preachers and pastors of this region. What he says from the pulpit CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 27 and his deliverances in numerous occasional addresses and his opinions as cited in interviews are always received with appreciation and count among the best forces for righteousness in the city. Dr. Goss has one child, a daughter, Stella, who is the wife of E. Jay Wohlgemuth, editor of "The Western Underwriter." It is fitting to note that since Dr. Goss is editor of this History of Cincinnati and the writer of the first book of the same, this sketch of his life has been produced and placed herein without having been read or authorized by him. Praise of himself in a book bearing his name might: offend his sense of the fitness of things, but the publishers realize that it is essential to include this. sketch of a prominent man of this city among the biographical reviews and they assume responsibility for it. JOHN EBEN BLEEKMAN. The people of Cincinnati are to be congratulated on the new Union Terminal station which gives promise of completion within the immediate future. This great work is acknowledged by all who are acquainted with the plans to be one of the most important in promoting the welfare of the city that could be named, and friends of Cincinnati are under lasting obligations to John Eben Bleekman, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, for his invaluable assistance in solving one of the most difficult problems the city has ever known. Many attempts were made to provide a union depot but it was not until Mr. Bleekman devoted his talents to the work that definite results were secured. The new station will not only be a monument to his ability but it will be a model of its kind and in many respects will be one of the most perfect depot structures as yet attempted in this or in any other country of the world. Mr. Bleekman is a native of Stratford, Fulton county, New York, born in 1866, a son of Jerome and Henrietta (Sixbey) Bleekman. The father was graduated at Troy Polytechnic Institute as a civil engineer and surveyed the "north woods country" for the state of New York many years ago, when a large part of that region was a wilderness. Subsequently he removed with his family to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and it was in the public schools of this city that John E. Bleekman received his preliminary education. In 1885 he entered the service of the Wabash Railway and later went to California with the general manager of the Santa Fe Railway while that road was under construction. He continued for five years on the Pacific coast, during which time he served in an important capacity in connection with the upbuilding of the railway. In 1898 he returned east to New York and soon afterwards began the development of railway properties, acquiring small and unproductive roads and reorganizing them into profitable enterprises. In 1905 he consolidated seven small railways in Georgia, which he incorporated under one system, now known as the Georgia Florida Railway Company. Since 1909 he has served as vice president of the Cincinnati Union Depot and Terminal Company, in this city, and has devoted his entire time to the depot project. In 1899 Mr. Bleekman was married to Miss Lenore Randall, of Chicago, Illinois. Vol. IV-2 28 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY The union depot terminals will provide the city with a railway station above high water mark, relieve freight congestion and furnish terminal facilities for the various systems of interurban lines that are yearly increasing in importance. The station will be located one block from the postoffice, in the heart of the city and at the termini of practically all the street car lines. The plans are arranged so as to include a much needed office building and also warehouse facilities and stores, the entire area covering about twenty acres. The depot building will stand on the north side of Third street, between Walnut and Main, and will cover an area of four hundred by two hundred feet. Provision is made for sixteen tracks and for platforms twenty-one feet wide on a level with! Fourth street. The train sheds will extend one thousand feet east and an equal distance west from the concourse, clearing Third street on an elevated structure about twenty-five feet high and Pearl street at a height of about forty-two feet. Trains entering the city froth the west will approach the sheds on a four-track elevated structure. Those from the north, including the interurban trains, will approach on a six-track surface road, elevated from the reservoir to the station, on a private right-of-way. Trains from the east, including those of the Louisville & Nashville Railway and probably those of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway will approach the station on independent elevated tracks. The new station will provide a direct and inexpensive system for the interchange of freight between the various railway lines, forming a direct connection east and west across the city, and also providing facilities for all the lines in the north end of the city. It will be great convenience to about one hundred and fifty thousand people of Cincinnati and suburbs, who will be able to avail themselves of a twelve-minute service to Norwood as against forty to fifty minutes on the surface lines. It is proposed to approach the main station from Fourth street through a portal and facade leading into an arcade fifty feet in width. This arcade will be flanked on either side with small stores and shops extending to the main building, between Baker and Third streets. The arcade will lead direct to the main waiting-room of the depot, which Will be of dignified and impressive design with high vaulted ceiling and central dome. All of the facilities and conveniences of a modern terminal station will be grouped around the waiting-room. Extending south from this room will be the passenger concourse, reaching from the north side of Third street. The carriage and automobile entrance, with cabstand, baggage-receiving room and entrance lobby, equipped with elevators and staircase leading to the main passenger waiting-room, will be located on the Baker street level. The floors above the waiting-room in the main building will be utilized for general offices and business purposes. A striking feature of the plan is a tower one hundred and twenty by one hundred and twenty feet in foundation area and approximately five hundred feet high, affording about twenty floors of office accommodations which will be utilized for various purposes. The exterior design of the building will be carried out in the simple and severe style of the modern French renaissance, executed in brick, terra cotta and stone. The. building is to be of the very best class of materials, fireproof, and equipped with every convenience known to modern office-building construction. The main structure will be sixteen stories high with basement, and a capacity will be provided for handling two hundred and sixty passenger trains for the steam railways and six hundred interurban cars every twenty-four CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 29 hours now entering the city with ample provision for future growth. Accommodations will also be provided for four or five thousand freight cars per day in order to meet present and future traffic demands. Even a very general idea of the magnitude of the great undertaking here briefly described shows that the plans have been drawn with special reference not only to meet the present demands of traffic but also to furnish ample facilities for many years to come. The original idea of a union depot and terminal came to Mr. Bleekman several years ago after he had expended a large amount of time and money in an attempt to secure an entrance to Cincinnati for a railroad from the south and found himself debarred. He pocketed his loss and later devoted his time and energy to the plans which have now reached a successful stage. The completion of this great project will mark an era in history as one of the most important forward steps the city ever knew. C. WOOD WALTER. With the rapid development and growth of Cincinnati many men have come to the front because of their recognition and utilization of opportunities which have arisen in connection with the substantial expansion of industrial, commercial and financial interests here. The impossibility of placing fictitious values upon industry, determination and perseverance at once proves the worth of the individual who must base his rise upon these qualities. These elements have constituted the salient features in the advancement of C. Wood Walter, now vice president and secretary of the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company. This, his native city, chronicled his birth on the 31st of August, 1866. His father, Samuel Walter, was one of the pioneer architects of Cincinnati and after attaining, man's estate became a partner of his father, Henry Walter, who drew the plans for some of the city's old buildings that are now landmarks here. Among these are St. Peter's cathedral, the Reuben R. Springer homestead, the House of Refuge, the National Lafayette Bank and the Old College Hall on Walnut street. The Walter homestead adjoined that of Dr. Lyman Beecher on Walnut Hills. Samuel Walter married Amelia Myers, whose father was one of the pioneer merchants of Cincinnati. The Myers' farm and homestead on Grandin road is now the site of the East Walnut Hills Country Club. C. Wood Walter supplemented his public-school education by study in Wooster (Ohio) University, from which he was graduated with the Ph. B. degree in 1888. His course completed, he became interested in newspaper work in connection with the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette and afterward became treasurer of the Commercial-Tribune Company. His identification with the Cincinnati Milling Machine Company dates from 1900 and as vice president and secretary of the company he is bending his energies largely to organization, to constructive effort and administrative direction. He has earned for himself an enviable reputation as a careful man of business and in his dealings is known for his prompt and honorable methods, which have won him the deserved and unbounded confidence of his fellowmen. 30 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY On the 11th of January, 1902, in Cincinnati, Mr. Walter was married to Miss Margaret Geier, a daughter of Philip Geier. They are members of the Presbyterian church and Mr. Walter belongs to the Sigma Chi, a, college fraternity, the Business Men's Club, the Manufacturers Club, the University Club and the Queen City Club. His support is given to the republican party where national politics, are involved but at local elections he is non-partisan. SANFORD BROWN. Sanford Brown, who has practiced law in Cincinnati for sixteen years past and is now well established in a profession for which he is eminently adapted by talent and education, was born in Cincinnati, October 6, 1871. He is a descendant ,of an old New England family, the emigrant ancestor having settled in New Hampshire from England in 1641. The father of our subject, Charles Emery Brown, was born in Boston, Massachusetts; in 1834. In 1841, at the age of seven years, he was brought west by his parents and the family located at Cincinnati. Here he was educated and after gaining manhood he successfully engaged in business in this city. He is now living retired at the age of. seventy-seven years. The mother of our subject, Eliza Gorton before her marriage, was born in Rochester, New York, in 1839. Sanford Brown received his preliminary education in the public schools and later matriculated in the University of Cincinnati, graduating from the literary department in 1894 with the degree of B.. L. He pursued his studies in 1895 and at the Law School of Cincinnati College was graduated in that year with the degree of LL. B., and has continuously engaged in practice in this city ever since he was admitted to the bar. Since that time he has practiced alone, devoting his attention to general civil law. He is a member of the Cincinnati Bar Association. Politically. Mr. Brown ever since arriving at voting age has given his earnest support to the republican party as the organization best adapted to promote the welfare of the whole country. He is a member of the University Club and is much interested in university matters, having served as director of the -University of Cincinnati from 1903 until 1910. His offices are in suite Nos. 714-15, Mercantile Library building. JOHN RANDOLPH SCHINDEL. John Randolph Schindel, who has been engaged in the active practice of law in Cincinnati for twelve years past and by his industry, courage and fidelity to the interests of his clients has won an honorable standing at the bar, comes of a distinguished line of European and American ancestry. Many of his forbears have been noted for their prominence as ministers of the gospel, soldiers, and lawyers. He was born at Fort Stevenson, North Dakota, June 8, 1875, a son of Captain Jeremiah P. and Martha Pintard (Bayard) Schindel. The CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 31 mother was a sister of General George D. Bayard, commander of a cavalry brigade in the Army of the Potomac and the youngest brigadier general in the Union service at the time of his death. He gave his life for his country at the battle of Fredericksburg. The father of our subject was born in Lehigh county, Pennsylvania, January 18, 1839. He served as lieutenant in. the Sixth United States Infantry at the time of the Civil war, participating in the Peninsular campaign, and was brevetted for gallantry at the battle of Malvern Hill. He was present at the second battle of Bull Run and the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg. After the war he continued in the regular army and was captain of the Sixth United States Infantry at the time of his death in 1894. Mrs. Schindel survived her husband eleven years, and died in 1905. There were four children in the family of Captain and Mrs. Schindel, three of whom grew to maturity : Samuel John Bayard, who participated in the Spanish-American war, being present in the engagements before Santiago, and is now a captain in the Sixth United States Infantry ; John Randolph, of this review ; and Louis Pintard, who was a member of the Sixth United States Infantry and is now deceased. On his mother's side Mr. Schindel is descended from the Rev. Nicholas Bayard, a French Huguenot who fled from France on account of religious persecution and settled in Holland. His grandson, Samuel Bayard, in 1638 married Anna Stuyvesant, a sister of Peter Stuyvesant, who became the first Dutch governor of New York. Samuel Bayard died in 1647 and his widow with her three sons came to New York with her brother, Peter. In 1674 Peter Stuyvesant married Blandina Kierstedt. Their great-grandson, John B. Bayard, was mayor of New Brunswick, trustee of Princeton College and was, during the Revolution, colonel of a New Jersey cavalry regiment. He was United States commissioner to Ghent, and made a trip to France to arouse the interest of the French government to assist the colonies in the Revolutionary war. In 1759 he married Margaret Hodge. Their son Samuel in 1790 married Martha Pintard, a niece of Richard Stockton. Samuel Bayard practiced law in Philadelphia, was clerk of the supreme court of the United States and afterward agent for the United States government in admiralty courts in London. His son Samuel, the grandfather of John Randolph Schindel, in 1833 married Jane Dashiell, the daughter of an Episcopal clergyman of Baltimore. Their daughter Martha Pintard in 1870 married Jeremiah P. Schindel, the father of our subject. On his father's side Mr. Schindel is descended from Johann P. Schindel, of Euerlebach, County of Erbach, Germany, who came to Pennsylvania and settled in what is now Lebanon, Pennsylvania, in 1751. His grandson, John P. Schindel, was ordained as a minister of the Lutheran church in 1812 and continued in the ministry until 1858. His son Jeremiah was ordained June 1, 1831, and was continuously in the ministry until March, 1870, with the exception of three years at the time of the Civil war, from 1861 to 1864, when he served as chaplain of the One Hundred and Tenth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. He also, just prior to the Civil war, represented his district in the state senate. He was the father of Jeremiah P. Schindel. John Randolph Schindel was educated in the common schools of Salt Lake City, the army post school at Fort Douglas, Utah, and also at Leavenworth, Kansas, Plattsburg, New York, and the Hughes high school of Cincinnati, 32 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY graduating at the latter institution with the class of 1896. He pursued the study of law in the law department of the University of Cincinnati and received the degree of LL. B. in June, 1899. Immediately after leaving college he began practice in this city with Lawrence Maxwell, Jr., continuing with him for five' years, from September 1, 1899, to January I, 1906. He then accepted appoint-, merit as assistant city socilitor and filled this position with great acceptance for two years, from January 1, 1906, to January 1, 1908. Returning to private practice, he continued alone until December 1, 1909, when he entered into partnership with Morison R. Waite under the firm name of Waite & Schindel, which is now one of the active and successful law firms of the city. Mr. Schindel is a valued member of the Cincinnati 'Bar Association and the legal fraternity Phi Delta Phi, which he joined at. college. He gives his support to the republican party in national politics. In municipal affairs he is an advocate of non-partisanship and he has been an active worker with the object pf eliminating party politics from local elections. He is a member of the advisory committee of the National Municipal League, chairman of the board of trustees of the Cincinnati Bureau of Municipal Research, and president of the City Club of Cincinnati. Fraternally he is identified with Lafayette lodge, A. F. & A. M. He is prominent in club circles and is vice president of the University Club and a member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati. He is a vestryman of Christ Episcopal church and belongs to the Episcopal Church Club. In his many activities he has shown an ability, energy and fidelity to principle which have greatly endeared him to those with whom he has associated, and he is recognized wherever he is known as an invaluable promoter of good government and of the principles of truth and justice among men. SIDNEY E. PRITZ. For fifty years the name of Pritz has been prominently identified with the commercial interests of Cincinnati. Sidney E. Pritz, whose name introduces this review, was born in Keithsburg, Illinois, August 26, 1869. He is a son of the late Solomon W. and Caroline (Williams) Pritz. The father was a native of Germany, having been born in that country, June 17, 1840. He emigrated to the United States when a young boy, settling in Cincinnati in 1854. He secured employment with Louis Stix & Company, continuing in the service of that firm until 1874, in which year, associated with a brother and brother-in-law, he organized the firm of Strauss, Pritz & Company, of which he remained a member until his death in 1902. Sidney E. Pritz was reared in Cincinnati. His education was acquired in the public schools, being completed by graduation from the Woodward high school with the class of 1886. When his school days were over he entered the employ of the firm of which his father was a member and became a junior partner of that firm in 1894. In January, 1910, the firm became a corporation and Sidney E. Pritz was elected its president. The company gradually extended its activities until now it is looked upon as one of the largest in the country, having under its control the output of several distilleries. In the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 33 control of his business affairs Mr. Pritz has shown excellent executive and administrative ability, based upon keen insight into business situations and their possibilities. A man of determined purpose, he accomplishes what he undertakes and in capable management finds success. Mr. Pritz, while actively engaged in this business, still finds time to devote to philanthropic and civic endeavors He was for some years president of the United Jewish Charities and also of the Jewish Settlement and ever has a hand outreaching in aid of the less fortunate. While not a club man in the ordinary sense, he is a member of various social organizations, among them being the Phoenix Club, the Queen City Club, the Business Men's Club and the Losantiville Country Club. Mr. Pritz is unmarried and makes his home with his sister, Mrs. Maurice J. Freiberg. WILLIAM H. SETTLE. Various business interests claim the attention and profit by the executive ability and management of William H. Settle, who in financial circles is known as the vice president of the First National Bank of Madisonville and in commercial circles as the head of the firm of W. H. Settle & Company, of Madisonville and Hyde Park, lumber dealers and contractors in cement and concrete, coal and builders' materials. His brother-in-law G. W. Clephane is associated with him in his undertakings and together they constitute a strong combination in the business world. Mr. Settle was born in Madisonville, January 21, 1858, his parents being William H. and Hester M. (Kitchell) Settle. His mother is still living in the house in which his birth occurred and the dwelling has now stood for more than ninety years. His father, who was killed in a railroad accident in 1891, was an early resident of Ohio, having been born in Cincinnati, where his parents, Joseph and Hannah (Bean) Settle, natives of Yorkshire, England, took up their abode about 1810. William H. Settle, Sr., became a whitesmith, hammering white metal, and his place of business was at the corner of Eighth and Main streets in Cincinnati. This property, which was recently sold by his son and namesake, had been in possession of the Settle family for over ninety years. In 1832 W. H. and Hester M. Settle removed with their family to the farm in Madisonville, where the birth of their son William H. occurred. He remained upon the old homestead until he had attained his majority and afterward worked in a coal and lumberyard for seven years, thus gaining a good knowledge of the business and the demands of the trade. In November, 1886, laudable ambition prompted him to use the capital which he had saved from his earnings in the establishment of a business of his own and he began dealing in coal and lumber in Madisonville. Subsequently he established a branch at Hyde Park. With G. W. Clephane as his associate the business was organized under the name of W. H. Settle & Company. They take contracts for streets, concrete and cement sidewalks, sewers, etc., and have laid more cement sidewalks than any other contracting firm in the county. Mr. Settle is also a director of the Madisonville No. 2 Building & Loan Association and is vice president of the First 34 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY National Bank of Madisonville. He finds ready solution for intricate busines problems and his judgment is rarely, if ever, at fault in determining upon th wisest course to pursue, when there has been opportunity to make choice. Mr. Settle was united in marriage to Miss Mary B. Clephane, a native o Kentucky and a daughter of W. B. Clephane. Mrs. Settle has been a reside of Madisonville since her girlhood days and by her marriage has become t mother of five children, Mabel, Myrtle, William, George and Charles. Mr. Settle is a member of the Masonic fraternity, is identified with the Yor Rite and has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, being a charter member of Madisonville lodge, and is 'a member of the Royal Arcanum. He is likewise a director of th Hyde Park Country Club and is acting as chairman of its building committee. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and he has been prominent in local affairs, serving for nine years as a trustee of Columbia township and also for two terms as treasurer of Madisonville. No public trust reposed in him was ever betrayed in the slightest degree and his loyalty to the interests of those whom he serves either in a business or official capacity has awakened for him the high regard and unfaltering confidence of many friends and business associates. ABRAHAM BROWER. Abraham Brower, whose name appears on the list of Cincinnati's honored dead, was the oldest practitioner of the Hamilton county bar when, on the 28th o June, 1911, he passed away. A man of scholarly attainment and broad learnin in the field of general knowledge, he was also one of the most capable practitioners in the courts and at the same time won a place among the prosperous business men, placing his capital in the safest of all investments, real estate One unconsciously paid to him the tribute of admiration and respect which is always given to the individual, whose powers and abilities place him upon a plane above the majority of his fellows. He was born in Elizabethtown, Ohio, November 15, 1822, and was descended from a family of Holland origin that was represented for a generation in New York and then came to Ohio. His father, Dr. Jeremiah Brower, was born in the Empire state and was graduated from Columbia College of New York city. He was known through out Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky, not only for his eminent ability as practitioner of medicine and surgery but also for his broad and liberal charity, that prompted him to extend his assistance wherever possible to those in need He married Hannah Hackett Mills, of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, but the latter died during the early childhood of Abraham Brower, who was then placed in the home of the Cary family in College Hill, Ohio, and obtained his early education at the Cary Institute of that place. He afterward returned to the home of his father, who was then living at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, and his further education was entrusted to Henry Ward Beecher who was then a young, preacher and for many months was a guest of the Brower family. A strong attachment arose between the preceptor and pupil and it was this association that formed CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 37 the basis of Mr. Brower's wonderful command of the Greek and Latin languages and his intimacy with the classics and every branch of higher education which to the last was as clear and fresh in his mind as though he had but put aside his college books. He was for a time a student in Miami University and in preparation for the practice of law pursued a course of reading in the office of John St. Clair, a leading Indiana attorney who directed his studies until his admission to the bar. He then became a partner in the firm of Major & Brower, at Lawrenceburg. His practice grew rapidly and the firm for many years enjoyed a national reputation, ranking with the most brilliant members of the bar in the country. No dreary novitiate awaited Mr. Brower. From the time that he entered upon the active work of the profession he had a large clientage that connected him with much of the important litigation tried in the courts of Indiana and Ohio. He became a resident of Cincinnati in 1861, establishing his home at Riverside, then famous for its beautiful country places. Mr. Brower married Miss Susan Dunn, a daughter of Hon. George Dunn of Indiana, the promoter and instigator of what is now the Big Four Railroad. Their wedded life lasted but one year and he later married Miss Josephine P. Craft, a daughter of W. E. Craft, a successful merchant of New York city. They became the parents of four children: Mary and Caroline, who still occupy the homestead with their mother ; a married daughter, Mrs. Josephine P. Robbins, of Daytona, Florida ; and a son, Charles Mills Brower, who was born in Riverside and was a graduate of the law school of Cincinnati and following his admission to the bar engaged in practice in Hamilton county until his death, on the 24th of June, 1905, when he was thirty-four years of age. He was survived by his widow, formerly a Miss Davidson, of Florida, and of their two children, one is still living. In early manhood Mr. Brower suffered somewhat from ill health and, believing that he might have to resort to out-of-door life, he began investing in farm property. Realizing the wisdom of such a step from the business standpoint as well, he added to his holdings from time to time until through his own efforts he became the owner of two thousand acres of farm land in the Miami and White river valleys. This necessarily compelled him in his later life to devote his time chiefly to the supervision of his agricultural interests and the step proved most beneficial to him, giving him the health and vigor that enabled him to reach an advanced age with control of all his faculties save his eyesight, which in his last years was seriously impaired, resulting finally in total blindness. Even at that time papers and books were read to him and he kept in touch with the world's thought and progress. Of him it was written "His home life was a beautiful one and his uncomplaining endurance of his blindness and his bravery in carrying on his affairs in spite of this drawback were remarked by all who knew him." Mr. Brower was an earnest worker in the Episcopal church and in early manhood, associated with a few others, was instrumental in erecting two churches, one in Lawrenceburg and the other at Riverside, of which churches he acted as warden for over forty years. He was always much interested in the work of the church in all of its different phases and contributed generously of his time and means to its support. His political allegiance was given to the republican party but the honors and emoluments of office had no attraction for him. He 38 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY preferred to concentrate his energies upon professional duties, his reading and the enjoyment of the companionship of his friends, who were among Cincinnati's most cultured people. He passed away June 29, 1911. There are few who pass to that undiscovered country from whose bourn no traveler returns whose loss is as deeply regretted as was that of Mr. Brower. All through his life he had chosen the things that are most worth while and although he prospered in a material way he chose rather the riches of the intellect and the spirit than the things of this life. He always felt that character counted for more than all else and true worth in another could ever win his friendship and regard. His manner was unassuming and yet his innate superiority, the result of his broad reading and high ideals, placed him in a position where men could but give to him their respect and honor. The splendid record of a blameless life he left as a priceless heritage to his family. EDWARD E. SHIPLEY. There are few lines of business that call for greater tact, discrimination and judgment of human nature in its various moods than that of life or fire insurance, and the man who succeeds in the insurance field may be relied upon as being alert and capable beyond the ordinary individual. Edward E. Shipley is recognized by his friends and competitors in Cincinnati as possessing the happy faculty of adapting himself to circumstances and also a remarkable ability in winning business. A close student of the various branches of insurance, he has always been a ready learner and he now occupies a place as one of the prominent factors in insurance circles of the city. He was born at Batavia, Ohio, September 20, 1861, a son of William Shipley who was born in New York city in 1826 and was brought to Cincinnati in his early childhood. During the Civil war he engaged in the engraving business on Fourth street and later was identified with the wholesale boot and shoe business on Pearl street. He died in June, 1885. The mother, Charlotte Stagg before her marriage was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, April 11, 1826. There were three children in the family of Mr. and Mrs. Shipley : Elizabeth ; Edward E. ; and Louis T., who is now living at Logan, Utah. After receiving his preliminary education in the public schools Edward E. Shipley became .a student of Chickering Institute, which is now out of existence but was formerly one of the best boys' schools of Cincinnati. For five years after leaving the institute he was connected with the queensware business under George H. Dean and then for a short time assisted his father in the boot and shoe business. In 1882 he became identified with the fire insurance agency of Charles Bonsall & Son and after a few years was elected secretary of the Commercial Insurance Company of Cincinnati. He resigned this position to become manager of the Charles Bonsall & Son Agency which was later conducted under the title of Bonsall & Shipley. He applied himself with such ability that he became sole proprietor in 1889 under the title of Edward E. Shipley of which he has ever since been the head. In 1901 he accepted the general agency of the United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company for south- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 39 western Ohio and for Campbell and Kenton counties, Kentucky, adding a Surety Bond and Burglary business. He maintains a suite of offices in the First National Bank building and his clients are to be found among the leading citizens and business firms of Cincinnati and the tributary regions. The father of Mr. Shipley served in the quartermaster's department during the Civil war. He is now deceased. They were of Quaker ancestry and Mr. Shipley traces his lineage through the Greens and also to Peregrine White of the Mayflower. One of the ancestors participated in the Revolutionary war. On the 1st of October, 1885, Mr. Shipley was married to Miss Daisy Stoddard, a native of Cincinnati, Ohio, and a daughter of Marshall W. Stoddard. Two children came to bless this union, Charlotte and Elizabeth. Mr. Shipley is a member of the Underwriters Club, and is vice president and trustee of the Salvage Corps. Politically he gives his support to the Republican party and fraternally is identified with the Masonic order. In religious faith he adheres to the Methodist church in which he is an active worker. He is a member of the Local Book Committee at Cincinnati of the Methodist Episcopal church and a trustee of the Elizabeth Gamble Deaconess Home Association and also a trustee of Christ Hospital. Socially he is well known, being a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Business Men's Club and the Hamilton County Golf Club. He has devoted nearly thirty years to insurance but has never permitted his time to be wholly taken up with the accumulation of money as he recognizes his obligation to assist in the great movement which aims to make lighter the burdens of those less able to bear them. In so doing he has added to his own happiness and today he may be named as one of the fortunate men of business who has found the "Secret of Life" in service for others. EDWARD C. PHELPS. Edward C. Phelps, well known in the business circles of Cincinnati as manufacturers' agent for steel and iron materials, representing eastern houses and operating under the name of E. C. Phelps & Company, is a son of Judge Jefferson and Keturah (Foote) Phelps, the former a native of Westmoreland county, Virginia, and the latter of Chilo, Ohio. The Phelps family was an old and prominent one of Virginia, where representatives of the name had lived for many generations. Judge Phelps was an attorney by profession and became very prominent in Kentucky, his death occurring in Cynthiana, that state, in 1897. The Foote family came from Jamestown, New York, where they were also prominent. Judge Phelps served in the Confederate army during the Civil war and was chief of scouts under General Lee. Edward C. Phelps is also a lineal descendant of Carter Braxton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. In the family of Judge and Mrs. Phelps were two sons, the elder being Isaac Jordan, now a resident of New York city. The younger, Edward C. Phelps, was born in Covington, Kentucky, in 1883 and the home surroundings and influences of his youth and the educational training which he received thoroughly prepared him for the duties and responsibilities which came with 40 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the attainment of manhood. Throughout the period of his connection with business he has represented the iron and steel trade. In 1899 he became connected with the Republic Iron & Steel Company and continued in that office for four years. He was afterward associated with the Globe Rolling Mill Company and later with the Cincinnati Iron & Steel Company, and in 1908 he embarked in business on his own account, organizing the Phelps Iron & Steel Company, of which he was the president. At length he severed his connection with that company and organized the E. C. Phelps & Company in the spring of 1911, with offices in the First National Bank building. His long familiarity with the trade and its demands has enabled him in the intervening months to build up a business as manufacturers' agent for steel and iron material, representing a number of the leading houses of the east. In 1908 Mr. Phelps was united in marriage to Miss Blanche Scarlett, a daughter of Joseph A. and Elizabeth (Sullivan) Scarlett, of Cincinnati, her father being now manager for R. G. Dun & Company of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Phelps have one child, Elizabeth. Their home is at Fort Mitchell, Kentucky, where they have a large circle of warm friends. They are members of the Episcopal church and Mr. Phelps is serving as a vestryman of Trinity church at Covington. In politics he is independent, voting as his judgment dictates. He is well known in Cincinnati as a valued member of the Commercial Club and the Fort Mitchell Country Club. His rise in business is not the result of fortunate circumstances or friendly assistance but has resulted directly from his own labors, keen business discernment and close application. COLONEL NELSON JAMES EDWARDS. Colonel Nelson James Edwards, manager for the Preferred Accident Insurance Company of New York, in Cincinnati, was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi; September 28, 1867. His parents were Austin A. and Mary H. (Haughwout) Edwards. The father, a native of New York, was born May 20, 1838, and is now living in Pineville, Kentucky, where he has filled the office of mayor and postmaster but is now living retired. As a public official his record has been most creditable, winning him the commendation of the public. He served as a drummer boy in the Civil war and his father was also one of the soldiers in that conflict, while his wife's father did military duty in the Mexican war. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Edwards were four children ; Nelson J.; Lily, the wife of Charles J. Johnson, who is engaged in the lumber business in Pineville ; Nancy, the wife of John R. Lyttle, of Kentucky ; and Bessie, the wife of Dr. W. K. Evans, who is living in Middlesboro, Kentucky. In the public schools of his native city Nelson J. Edwards pursued his. education until he had completed the high school course with the class of 1882. His college training was received in Stalkville, Mississippi, and he was a member of the class of 1886. He then returned to Vicksburg where he secured the position of collection clerk in the First National Bank, with which he was associated for several years. He afterward removed to Kentucky and entered into relations with the Louisville Fair Company. Afterward he was CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 41 connected with the railway mail service and for four years he filled the position of postmaster at Middlesboro, Kentucky. On his retirement from office he took up the insurance business and in 1892 came to Cincinnati as manager of the Preferred Accident Insurance Company of New York. Here he has remained continuously since, with the exception of the year 1903, when the company sent him to England as manager for Great Britain. He opened offices at No. 74 Cheapside, London, and succeeded in developing for the Preferred Accident Insurance Company a large business on that side of the Atlantic. In November, 1907, he gain came to Cincinnati where he has since remained and has been equally successful in building up the business of the company in this territory. He is thoroughly acquainted with every branch of insurance, and his understanding thereof combined with indefatigable industry and perseverance constitutes the secret of his success. On the 30th of June, 1896, Colonel Edwards was united in marriage to Miss Sara 1). McKinney, who was horn at Parkersburg, West Virginia, a daughter of William McKinney, who died during the childhood of Mrs. Edwards. Her mother, whose family name in her maidenhood was Young, has also passed away. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have one child, Austin Nelson, who was born in Kentucky, January 3, 1898. Colonel Edwards has had a thorough military training. While in Vicksburg he was a member of the Volunteer Southrons and upon his removal to Kentucky joined the national guard of that state, with which he has been connected in various capacities, holding every position from that of second lieutenant to his present rank as lieutenant colonel and chief of staff of the First Brigade of the Kentucky National Guard. He belongs to the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati, and is interested in all that affects the material welfare and commercial development of the city. He is a director of the National Rifle Association and is vice president of the Society of American officers. In Masonry he has attained the Knights Templar degree and has become a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He likewise belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks and his religious faith is indicated in his membership in the Presbyterian church. Gradually he has worked his way upward in business circles, improving each opportunity that has come to him, and as superintendent of the southern department of the Preferred Accident Insurance Company of New York occupies an enviable and creditable position in insurance circles in Cincinnati. THOMAS T. FENTON. Every man who starts out in the pursuit of his career with no capital save an inexhaustible supply of energy and the determination to win, thereby attaining success, is fully entitled to the praise and commendation of his fellows. Of such as these is Thomas T. Fenton, who eleven years ago founded The Fenton Dry Cleaning & Dyeing Company, which he is still successfully conducting. He was born in Petersburg, Kentucky, on the 1st of June, 1874, and is a son of Captain Henry Bascom and Eliza (Sebree) Fenton. The father, 42 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY who is a native of Indiana, followed the river from his early manhood, having for forty years been captain on various boats plying between Cincinnati and New Orleans. Among the more recent boats he commanded were the Minnie No. 2, and the Levi J. Workum, but he has now withdrawn from active life and is living retired in Newport, Kentucky. He became identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, many years ago, and still holds membership in the Petersburg lodge. Thomas T. Fenton spent his boyhood and youth up to the age of eighteen years in his native town, obtaining his education in the common schools. After leaving school he came to Cincinnati in search of a position, and began his business life as the driver of a laundry wagon, following that occupation for five years. Having demonstrated that he possessed qualities that entitled him to a position of greater responsibility at the expiration of that period he was made assistant manager of the laundry, continuing to be retained in this capacity until he engaged in business for himself. Being possessed of much foresight he recognized the growing need of more cleaning and dyeing establishments and in 1900 decided to engage in this activity. He had to begin in a small way, owing to his limited capital, so he first rented a small store room at No. 13 East Sixth street, for which he paid forty-five dollars per month rent. Owing' to the methods he followed and the quality of his work he met with success from the very beginning and was soon compelled to enlarge his establishment. The company now occupy two buildings, at Reading Road and Hickman. The latter is two stories high and fifty by fifty feet, and was erected by the company three years ago especially to meet the needs of their business. Their patronage has increased so rapidly, however, that they need larger quarters and are at the present time planning to enlarge their plant to meet the requirements of their constantly increasing trade. At Walnut Hills they have what is said to be the most attractive dry-cleaning establishment in the United States. It is a one-story terracotta building, forty by seventy-five feet, and was constructed in 1.910 at an expense of twelve thousand dollars. Mr. Fenton started business with very little capital, but it developed so rapidly that in 1905 he organized a company and incorporated for five thousand dollars. Their capitalization has since been increased, however, as they now have sixty-five thousand dollars invested in this enterprise, of which Mr. Fenton is president D. O. Cross, secretary, and Henry Bascom Fenton, Jr., treasurer. They are all enterprising and progressive men and spare no expense in keeping their establishment up-to-date in every respect. Their plant is fully and completely equipped with all modern machinery required in the operation of a business of this nature, and they hire expert workmen in the various departments. The place is conducted under their personal supervision, and they are constantly striving to improve their methods by the introduction of every innovation that seems to them to be at all practicable. They began eleven years ago with two employes, and they now have seventy-five names on their payroll. The quality of their work has given them more than a local reputation and they do a large out-of-town business. They make a specialty of cleaning women's high-class and expensive wearing apparel, the care that they use in handling garments of fine texture having won them recognition not only in Cincinnati but in the outlying towns. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 43 Mr. Fenton married Miss Olive M. Harper, a daughter of William Harper of Cincinnati, and unto them has been born one son, Frank Stevenson. Fraternally Mr. Fenton is affiliated with the Masonic order, being a member of Yeatman Lodge, F. & A. M.; Walnut Hills Chapter, R. A. M. ; and Trinity Commandery, K. T. He maintains relations with other members in his line of business through his connection with the National Association of Cleaners & Dyers. The rapid and permanent development of The Fenton Dry Cleaning & Dyeing Company must in all justice be largely attributed to the rare business ability and powers of organization possessed by Thomas T. Fenton, who has the ability and the courage not only to attempt but to carry to a successful issue whatsoever he undertakes. WILLIAM G. HIER, M. D. The medical profession is ably represented in Madisonville in the person of Dr. William G. Hier, who has here engaged in practice for thirty years. He was born in the suburb where he now resides on the ][5th of February, 1855, and is a son of Thomas B. and Nancy F. Hier. The father was a carpenter and contractor and when our subject was yet an infant removed .to New Albany, Indiana, where he remained for a short time, before locating in Cincinnati. William G. Flier was a small lad when his parents settled in the Queen City and he acquired his education in the intermediate and high schools, later on working with his father in the carpenter's trade. He subsequently entered the office of Dr. J. D. Buck with whom he studied medicine from 1878 to 1881, and entered the Puke Medical College, in 1878, from which institution he was awarded the degree of M. D. in 1881. After he was graduated, lie held the chair of hygiene and sanitary science in his alma mater until 1910, when the school was united with the Cleveland Homeopathic College. During the period of his residence here Dr. Hier has succeeded in building up an extensive practice. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on the 6th of June, 1882, Dr. Hier was united in marriage to Miss Ollie E. Smith a resident of that city. To Dr. and Mrs. Hier have been horn four children : Chester C., who died at the age of four months ; Ethel G., a graduate of the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, who is a teacher of piano and composer of music of marked ability; Florence M., a graduate of Mount Holyoke College, now teaching in the public schools of Madisonville ; and Wayland G., who graduated from the agricultural department of Purdue University in June, 1911, and the following month secured a position as chemist in the laboratory of one of the large packing houses of Chicago. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal church in the work of which they take an active and earnest interest, Dr. Hier being a member of the board of stewards. He maintains relations with the members of his profession through the medium of his membership in the Ohio State Homeopathic Medical Society ; The Ohio State Medical Society ; Miami Valley Homeopathic Society; Homeopathic Lyceum of Hamilton county, Ohio; and of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati. He has the distinction of being the first homeopathic physician he elected a member of the latter institution. Fraternally Dr. Hier is iden- 44 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY tified with the Masonic order only. He has always taken an active and helpful interest in all community affairs, giving his political support to the republican party. In 1892 he was the successful candidate for mayor of Madisonville, which office he retained for four years. On the 1st of January, 1905, he became a member of the school board, retaining this position until the 1st of January, 1910. During the first half of that period he was president of the board and during the remainder of the time he was chairman of the building committee of the new Madisonville school, a most attractive and conveniently arranged building, which was completed in 1910 at a total cost of one hundred and thirty thousand dollars. Dr. Hier has been a member of the board of pension examiners since September, 1897. JAMES WILKINS IREDELL, JR. Mr. Iredell is the fourth son of Robert and Teressa Jones Iredell, born June 17, 1841, in Norristown, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. The Iredell family is one of the oldest in eastern Pennsylvania. In an old Norman MS. mention is made of the Iredell family.—Sir Pierre d'Ancome followed William the Norman and was present at the Battle of Hastings, the king being pressed and in danger of his life Sir Pierre is stated to have rescued him by slaying those around, to whom the king said—"Sir Pierre thou has given me Air (Eyre) to breathe from hence the Crest-on a wreath of colors a dexter arm embowed in armour ppr tarnished and charged in the hand a sword, etc.—The Conqueror subsequently gave him large tracts of land about Dale or Dell—he then from Royal license took the name of Eyre-dale modernized to Iredell."—From Carews Mss. Bib : Coll : Mr. Iredell's great-great-grandfather, Thomas Iredell, was the son of Robert and Ellinore Jackson Iredell and was born at Rigg Bank, Cumberland county, England, in 1676. In December of the same year he was baptized in the Church of England. He came to this country and arrived at Philadelphia, October, 1700. On the ninth of the third month, 1705, he married Rebecca Williams in the Friends Meeting House, Second and Market Streets, Philadelphia. He brought with him a certificate which reads as follows : CERTIFICATE OF THOMAS IREDELL TO FRIENDS MEETING AT PHILADELPHIA. From our monthly meeting upon Pardsay Cragg, in Cumberland, ye, 27th of 6th month, 1700, to friends in Pennsylvania or other parts of America: Dear friends and Brethren—ye tender salutations of our dearest love of truth always continues and reaches forth to you ; the account we give you is in behalf of a young man ye bearer hereof, Thomas Iredell, who this day has laid before us ye transporting of himself into Pennsylvania requesting our certificate along with him. We therefore certifie to all where he may come, that he has of late years come frequently among friends, his carriage appears to be sober and truth like, those who know him best give no other account but well ; he comes with consent of his mother, though no friend ; and inquiry hath been made as to his clearness in relation to marriage, but nothing appears to ye contrary. We need CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 47 not further enlarge but subscribe ourselves your friends, and brethren in behalf of the aforesaid meeting. THO. TIFFIN, JOHN WILSON, JOHN BURNYEAT, WILLIAM DIXON, JOHN NOLSON, JAMES DICKINSON, JOSIAS RITSON, THO. WATSON, WM. BOUCH. Thomas Iredell bought a large tract of land at Horsham, Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania. He built a large stone house on the York road ; on the front door there was an iron knocker, on which was drilled in small holes "T. I. 1709." He gave to the Friends twenty acres of land for a meeting house and burial ground. When Mr. Iredell was in England a few years ago he visited the old home. The large stone house and the surrounding buildings were in splendid condition. The date "1587" is cut in the stone above one of the front windows of the house, and on the mantel above the fireplace in the dining room is carved "T. I. 1692." The property is now owned by John Iredell. Mr. Iredell's father also descended from Jan Lucken as is shown in the biographical annals of Montgomery county, Pennsylvania : Jan Lucken and Mary, his wife, with thirteen other families came from Crefeld, Germany, sailed from London on the ship Concord, arriving at Philadelphia, October 6, 1683, and settled at Germantown, now part of Philadelphia. They had eleven children. Peter Luckens, 7th son of Jan and Mary, was born first month 30, 1697, married Gainor Evans first month 28, 1719.—Ten children. Robert Iredell, son of Thomas and Rebecca, (born 1st month 4, 1721, died 1779) married Hannah Luckens, daughter of Peter and Gainor Luckens, "changed to Lukens, (born 8th month 21, 1727, died 1812) second month 29, 1743.—Sixteen children. Jonathan Iredell, son of Robert and Hannah, (born l0th month 17, 1765, died 1850) married Hannah Kirk, daughter of Rynear and Elizabeth Kirk, (born 9th month 25, 1767, died 1848) tenth month 1, 1792.—Eight children. Robert Iredell, son of Jonathan and Hannah, (born l0th month 15, 1809, died 10th month 24, 1904) married Teressa Jones, daughter of Charles and Phoebe Jones, (born 1st month 23, 1813, died 6th month 12, 1868) tenth month 18, 1832. Mr. Iredell has the marriage certificate of his great-grandfather Rynear Kirk to Elizabeth Bliss Wilkins, widow, dated the first day of the fifth month 1766. He also has the marriage certificate of his grandfather Jonathan Iredell to Hannah Kirk, daughter of Rynear and Elizabeth Kirk, dated the fifth day of the tenth month 1792. Both certificates are beautifully written on parchment and are well preserved. Mr. Iredell's mother on her father's side descended from John ap Thomas of Wales, and on her mother's side from Doctor Thomas Wynne, who was born in Wales. He sailed from London with William Penn in the ship Welcome and arrived at Philadelphia, October 1682. He was the speaker of the first Pennsylvania assembly 1682-1683 ; a member of the assembly 1688, and justice of the peace Sussex county, 1689. Vol. IV-3 48 - CINCINNATI—THE .QUEEN CITY Mr. Iredell was educated in the public school and Tremont Seminary in Norristown. August 1861, he enlisted in the Fifty-first Pennsylvania Regiment of Infantry, commanded by Colonel John F. Hartrauft. His first experience was with the expedition to North Carolina, and he was in the battles of Roanoke Island and New Berne ; Major General Ambrose E. Burnside commanding the army; the navy was under the command of Flag-Officer L. M. Goldsborough. After the battle of New Berne, most of the regiments were ordered to Washington, D. C., and became part of the Ninth Army Corps, of which General Burnside was appointed commander. December l0th to 16th following the Battle of Fredericksburg, General Burnside was appointed to command the Department of Ohio. Headquarters were in Cincinnati, at which place he arrived March l0th, 1863. Two divisions of the Ninth Corps arrived in April. Mr. Iredell was ordered to report to the quarter master's department under Captain John A. Morris, a member of General Burnside's staff, who was stationed at Camp Nelson, Kentucky. There was continuous fighting in Kentucky and Tennessee during the march to Knoxville, at which place General Burnside arrived in September. General Longstreet was determined to force Burnside out of eastern Tennessee. Saturday morning, November 14th, he, with twenty thousand men,, threw his advance across the Tennessee river at Hough's Ferry, six miles below London. By this maneuver our position on the height was turned. He cut our communication with Cumberland Gap, the only way we could escape. Our Commissary and Quartermaster supplies were nearly exhausted. Mention is made in one of the reports of the utmost utter destitution to which our men were reduced. Six pounds of flour and the scattered corn that could be picked up from under the feet of the animals, were all that could be procured for a week's rations. One tablespoonful of coffee was issued once in three days. Many of them were barefooted and raw-hide was issued to be made into moccasins. Thus the weary hours of the siege passed slowly. In the gray of the morning of the 29th, the assaulting column composed of three brigades, appeared in front of Fort Sanders. The garrison was awake and ready. The Ninth Corps held the defense—the 79th New York for immediate garrison, with four companies on the 17th Michigan in support, and the men of Benjamin's and Buckley's batteries for cannoniers. Onward came the storming party—five regiments -in column in mass. They struck and tumbled over the wire stretched from stump to stump under the deadly fire of our men. They came steadily on, with a courage which extorted the admiration of their antagonists. They cut away the abattis, never faltering beneath the withering musketry fire, and the destructive projectiles of the artillery. They filled the ditch. Their way was marked by carnage and death. A few mounted the parapet, but they could go no further. Hand-to-hand the conflict raged with unabated fury. But even this stubborn resistance was not enough to stop the advancing troops.—Twb guns off in the bastion poured triple rounds of canister in their faces. A gun upon the flank swept the ditch. Still they continued to press forward, until convinced that the attempt was useless, the assaulting column retired. But, as another column came up in support, the attack was renewed. The enemy was desperate, but our men were resolute. A more savage CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 49 contest than the first, if that were possible, took place. The former scenes were reenacted, with yells and shouts and most infernal tumult. The storming. party again filled the ditch, and some, more daring than their companions, climbed the parapet and succeeded in placing three of the enemy's flags there. It was a short lived triumph. The flags were quickly tarn away. Muskets were clubbed—bayonets, sabres and even axes were employed in the dreadful work. A more determined valor had not been displayed on either side during the war than this fight in the trenches and in front of the Fort. The second assault was no more fortunate than the first. The enemy's column hesitated; stopped, was hopelessly broken, and at last retired in great confusion. One company of the loth Michigan from the right and one company of the 29th Massachusetts from the left advanced into the ditch and captured two hundred prisoners and two flags. General Longstreet withdrew his forces from the scene of his defeat. The enemy's loss was one thousand four hundred in killed, wounded and prisoners, of whom three hundred fell into our hands. Our loss in the fort was eight killed, five wounded and about thirty captured. No less than ninety-six dead bodies were found in the ditch and within three or four yards of it. One regiment that was totally annihilated and whose flag fell into our hands was ascertained to be the 17th Mississippi which had opposed the crossing, of our army at Fredericksburg. From the official reports. On the 7th of January, 1864, General Burnside was again assigned to duty as commander of the Ninth Corps in the Army of the Potomac. Mr. Iredell, remained in the service until the close of the war. In 1866 Mr. Iredell was appointed general agent for the Cincinnati Fire Insurance Company for the state of Michigan, with headquarters in Detroit. The company made an assignment at the end of the year because it refused to deposit $100,000 at Columbus as was required by law. January, 1867, he located in Cincinnati and engaged in the life insurance business. He was appointed general agent of the Cincinnati Mutual Life for southern Ohio. In 1869, he was elected secretary of the Home Mutual Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati, which position he held until the company reinsured in the Union Central. October 6th, 1868, he married Virginia Evelyn Rust. Their children were : Teressa J. Iredell who married John Omwake, April l0th, 1901 ; Charles Jones Iredell, married Adelaide Monfort, November 20th, 1900; Frank Rust Iredell, died in infancy; Virginia Rust Iredell, married John Tenney, Jr., of Plainfield, New Jersey, October 6th, 1908. Mrs. Iredell's father, Benjamin Franklin Rust, was born in Winchester, Virginia, and her mother, Mary Theodosia Bradford, was born in Lexington, Kentucky. Her great-great-grandfathers Rust and Bradford were in the Revolutionary war. January 1st, 1872, Mr. Iredell was appointed superintendent of western agencies by The Pennsylvania Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, with headquarters in Cincinnati. February 3d, he was appointed general manager for Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee. January 1st, 1910, he formed a partnership with his son, Charles J. In October, 1872, Mr. Iredell assisted in the organization of the first Life Underwriters' Association in the United States, in Parlor A., Burnet House, Cincinnati. At the second annual meeting of the National Association of Life Underwriters held in Detroit, 1891, he was elected