350 - CINCINNATI—THE. QUEEN CITY Company. Mr. Robertson is also interested in New York real estate and is a director in one or two prominent New York corporations. While residing in Stanton, Virginia, he was united in marriage to Miss Ella S. Shelton, a daughter of Dr. T. W. Shelton, of that city. Two of the children born of this union are living, Helen Frances and Louis Minor. The family all hold membership in the Ninth Street Baptist church and Mr. Robertson is affiliated with the Business Men's Club and with the Cincinnati Golf Club. His only fraternal association is with the Knights of Pythias, his membership being retained in a Virginia lodge. During the period of his residence in Cincinnati, Mr. Robertson has shown that he possesses more than average ability as an organizer, while he has unusual executive power and initiative. CHARLES AIKEN. Cincinnati has long been acknowledged as one of the foremost musical centers of the American continent and its reputation in this regard is due in large measure to the efforts and ability of Professor Charles Aiken, who for years was acknowledged one of the leading musical educators of the country, holding ever to w the highest ideals in his work of instruction. To him is due the formation of the plan of the organization of the system of musical instruction in the public schools. His life history had its beginning at Goffstown, New Hampshire, March 13, 181.8, his parents being Jonas and Nancy Aiken. About 1720 representatives of the name came from Londonderry, Ireland, and settled at Londonderry, New Hampshire. That there was an ancestral love of music is indicated by the fact that they br0ught their harps with them. For his life history here compiled the biographer is indebted to the address delivered by Noble K. Royse on the unveiling of the Aiken memorial in Music Hall of Cincinnati, on which occasion he said, speaking of Mr. Aiken's ancestry : "In him the elements were propitiously mixed for one destined to become an ardent votary to musical culture ; his extraction having proceeded from two neighboring nationalities, both of which we know to be instinctively song-loving and song-producing—the Irish and the Scotch. Then, in the transplantation which took place in 1722 from their native British heath to one singularly similar in physical aspects—the Granite state—his ancestors failed not to bring with them and domesticate in New England their harp and bag-pipe, with all their belongings of weird and touching airs. Furthermore, in the century that nearly elapsed from the time of their arrival until the birth of the subject of our sketch the original stock and love of minstrelsy did not run out nor diminish; for every member of Charles Aiken's father's family—there were eleven of them—inherited a decided musical tendency. This tendency, however, in our subject's case, did not prove, as it sometimes does, an all-absorbing one. There existed along with it a taste and desire for mental culture generally as is evidenced by his four years' course of study at, and his graduation in 1838 from the fam0us old college of Dartmouth. Charles Aiken's well rounded collegiate course enabled him to avoid this one-sided, single-eyed development and gave to his conceptions of his chosen art a broader and juster sense of its relations to other aesthetic branches. Certainly none could accuse him at any time of a lack of enthusiasm CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 351 for musical culture ; but it was an enthusiasm which possessed eyes and perceptive faculties as well as acute emotionality and which, while it paid its fullest homage before the shrine of flute-sceptered Euterpe, did not fail in polite attention to her sister muses." From a very early period Charles Aiken recognized that music would constitute the basis of his life work and when he had received his college diploma he spent some time in itinerant work in his profession in Pennsylvania and Kentucky, arriving in Cincinnati in 1839. He did not, however, become a permanent resident at that time but went to St. Louis where he spent three .years. In 1842, however, through the influence of Dr. R. D. Mussey, always one of his stanch friends, he returned to this city. While other men contributed to the material prosperity and upbuilding of Cincinnati he contributed toward that aesthetic pleasure which lifts the mind and soul above the commonplace and broadens life by the beauty and pleasure added thereto. n 1848 he began musical instruction in the public schools as the successor of William F. Colburn, who had been the first teacher of music in the public schools of Cincinnati. In the interval of six years which had elapsed after his arrival he had been teaching music to a class of adults, "inaugurating a system of musical instruction which, allowing full credit to the labors 0f his contemporaries and to some extent his coadjutors in the same work —Professors Smith, Colburn, Locke and Nourse—demonstrated the possibility and suggested the desirableness of introducing music as one of the branches of study in the public schools. By the successful performance of these—his earliest formed classes, which at first were taught free of charge,—he proved to the satisfaction of the public that vocal music was a wholly practicable and a most desirable study for the young as well as for the mature, and though he was not the first to introduce the study into the public schools, he was among the earliest of those who helped to establish it there, and while his predecessors and colaborers gradually withdrew from the work he continued, contributing each year more and m0re of his energy and skill toward developing his instructions into a satisfact0ry system. His first assignment to duty included the schools of the first, ninth, tenth and eleventh districts and owing to the fact that in those days musical instructi0n was confined to the more advanced classes, only half of Mr. Aiken's time was demanded for the performance of his duties, the remainder being given to the teaching of Latin and Greek in Professor Herron's Classical Seminary." After a few months the high schools were also placed under his personal charge and it was here that his peculiar abilities found a most congenial sphere for their exercise. He could choose the character of the music presented for study and for an uninterrupted period of nearly thirty years remained a devoted instructor of thousands of young people who spent from one to four years under his instruction, having two music lessons a week. They "were given not only a fair knowledge of the technicalities of note reading and trained to a reasonable proficiency in their application, but were also by means of the choice selections he placed before them from the best works of the greatest composers made acquainted with not a few of the sublimest and sweetest experiences of the art." Eventually the office of superintendent of music of public schools was created and Professor Aiken was formally placed in the position which he had previously filled in spirit. The al>, pointment, however, invested him with the one thing lacking to make his efficiency as widely operative as possible—authority. He could now not simply by superior 352 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY example, as formerly, incite his associate teachers to improved methods, but by his authority as superintendent he could prescribe such methods and harmonize existing ones. And this he did, not by harsh and magisterial measures, but in the most considerate and fatherly manner. The breadth and accuracy of his musical culture and his long experience in the practice of the art commanded the respect of all his subordinates ; while his kindly unassuming manner of intercourse won their readiest cooperation in his plans. In a surprisingly short space of time after his appointment as superintendent the labors of the various music teachers of the .schools were reduced to a symmetrical system—a system, though largely that of the chief, yet not exclusively so, Professor Aiken being m0st emphatically a liberal-minded eclectic. Suggestions were not only permitted but welcomed and even solicited from each member of his musical cabinet; and it was only after free and full discussion of measures that any particular policy was -adopted. Some of the marked features of the system developed mainly under Professor Aiken's direction were the extension of the study of music, even technically, through all the grades of the public schools, not even the primary being excluded; the requirement of a general knowledge of music and ability to impart elementary instructions in the same upon the part of all candidates for teachers' positions in the schools ; and the establishment of annual and semi-annual examinations for testing the practical character of the work of both pupils and teachers. These examinations were personally superintended and conducted by Professor Aiken; and the results thereat obtained of clever work done, even by teachers outside the corps of music masters, and the facility exhibited by pupils of all grades in reading exercises at first sight were so remarkable, as to compel the notice and praise of school officials in many other and older quarters. After Professor Aiken had taken his position at the head of musical instruction in the public schools he felt the need of efficient instruction books. There were no books in which the work was graded and the teacher sought to partially counteract this by black-board exercises, but this method involved considerable preparatory work on the part of the teacher and the consumption of no small portion of the alreay limited time of the class for musical instruction. Again Professor Aiken's ability was adequate to the need as was indicated by the fact that in 1860 appeared a nicely graded music book in two parts called "The Young Singer." Six years later he brought forth an amended and enlarged work, "the Young Singer's Manual," and in 1875 a series of music books known as the "Cincinnati Music Readers." All of these were prepared by Professor Aiken with the assistance of his associates in the music department and became the most potent and direct means of reducing the musical instruction of the public schools t0 a thoroughly rational and normal system. He met similar needs in the high scho0l in the compilation and publication of the "High School Choralist," which was `brought out in 1866 by Oliver Ditson & Company, of Boston, and when that work had served its day of usefulness; he published, in 1872, in conjunction with John Church & Company, of Cincinnati "The Choralist's Companion." In this connection Noble K. Royce said: "Just as Professor Aiken, in the instruction of pupils of the higher grades, found his most congenial and properest employ, so, in the preparation of 'these higher-grade musical text-books did his large knowledge, discriminating taste and rare skill' in arrangement find their fittest scope. Run your eye down the tables of contents of these two works and not a name CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 353 of those eminent among composers will occur to you that is not to be found there represented by some worthy and characteristic specimen of his genius. The sweet Mendelssohn, the sublime Handel, the profound Beethoven, the sparkling Mozart, are the most conspicuous and the most frequently heard members of this distinguished choir ; but, at intervals, we may also detect the simple, pleasing notes 0f Silcher, Reichardt and Nageli; the gleeful strains of Spofforth, Callcott, Danby and Bishop ; and the worshipful melodies of Palestrina and Himmel. A generous variety here, surely—a strain suited to every mood of the music-loving soul, and not a frivolity or vulgarity in the whole repertory. Educated in the midst 0f such company as this, was it possible that the young people of our high schools c0uld go hence uninfluenced by the best in impulse and example that the science of music is capable of bestowing? And as, in time, these youths identified themselves with the various choral organizations of this city was it not inevitable that they should, in a measure at least, shape the courses of those organizations in harmony with their own pure and high training? There is no question, either among ourselves or abroad, but that this community possesses an extraordinary love and aptitude for the higher grade of musical culture and that its achievements in this direction are not a little wonderful. And, in casting about for the causes of this preeminence while some of them are to be traced unmistakably t0 the divers musical societies that have always existed in our community, we feel justified in assigning, as the chief cause of our present ripeness, the sweetening and mellowing influence of the long course of judicious musical training in our public schools. And, if this be so, the inference is unavoidable that Charles. Aiken, as the foremost music teacher of our youth for the thirty years late past, as he who, above all others, gave normal direction to their efforts and familiarized them with the best of musical models—that he it is to whom this community owes a debt as large as the local achievement is eminent, and as enduring as our reverence for the art itself." Professor Aiken was united in marriage to Miss Martha S. Merrill; a daughter of Nathaniel Merrill, of Grand Detour, Illinois, and unto them were born six children : Walter Harris ; Louis Ellsworth ; Alice Cordelia, the wife of C. H. Avery, of Cincinnati ; Carrie Dewing, the wife of Thomas Bagley, of Cincinnati; Susan Merrill, the wife of Harry Pounsford, of Cincinnati ; and Herbert Pinkerton, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume. The death. of Professor Aiken occurred at College Hill, October 4, 1882, and a week later a meeting of the officers, principals and teachers of the public schools was held at the Hughes high school and measures were taken for commemorating in a permanent manner his services to the musical life of Cincinnati. The result was that on the 15th of November, 1884, the Aiken memorial was unveiled in the vestibule of Music Hall. It consists of a portrait bust slightly larger than life size, of pure white statuary marble surmounting a lyre-shaped pedestal of blue and black veined marble resting upon a base of polished Knoxville marble.- The whole rises to a height of eight feet and is a work of Preston Powers, of Florence, Italy. The occasion was one long to be remembered by those present and the gathering was a representative one of Cincinnati's prominent musical people and music lovers. We again quote from the address of Mr. Royce, who said: Charles Aiken was never born to wield a baton, but rather four of them at a time, one for each hand and foot. Music seemed to have been in his case 354 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY a mighty charge of electricity which ramified, dominated and threw into responsible and simultaneous action every part of his body. His countenance, which was an uncommonly alert and intellectual one, was, when confronting his class, in itself a musical score, whereon all the lights and shadows of harmonic expression were most legibly depicted ; and though, to the spectator, his tossing hands and restless feet and swaying body seemed mainly to note and direct the march of the music, to those engaged in its rendition his mobile face proved the real marshal's wand. Other leaders might rival him in precision of movement and in the niceties of modulation, but none in the measure of correct and intense feeling experienced both by himself and his chorus. As compared with other leaders of youthful singers, Professor Aiken may be likened to M. Colonne among the number of eminent living French conductors, both alike being the generators and radiators of musical enthusiasm, the magnetic apostles of the very soul of the gospel of harmony. To one who had been so long, so intimately and so prominently identified with the development of a most admirable department of public instruction there might well be pardoned a high sense of personal pride and satisfaction. And, no doubt, Professor Aiken did feel pr0ud of the good work achieved and of his distinguished part in it. But he had a very unobtrusive way of manifesting it. To see him among his associates in the music and other departments of the schools there was nothing, either in his bearing or conversation, that savored in the least degree of the egotist ; but, on the contrary, there were those pleasantries of talk and that frank, familiar manner, that bespoke the genuine comrade. Though not a composer of music, yet the skill, knowledge and taste manifested in his two compilations for high schools and choirs were such as entitled him to a place not far below that of the successful writer of music. Nevertheless when asked why he had not permitted his name to appear on their title pages as that of compiler, he modestly replied in substance 'that he did not feel worthy to appear even as a cup-bearer in the midst of such distinguished guests as sat around their table of contents. The ample and honorable career, outlined merely in this address, closed at College Hill on Wednesday, October 4, 1882, some three years after its subject had dissolved his connection with the schools. Three days later his remains, escorted by representatives of the various departments of the schools, were committed to rest within the peace-and-beauty-breathing precincts of Spring Grove cemetery. Personally his distinctive life work closed in 1879 ; but methinks it would take an uncommon astute forcaster of human influences to fix the future limit of the duration of his wisely conducted services. That he has taught is not more true than than he still teaches ; and both are sureties of the fact that, in the gradual unfolding of the vital and hardy seed that he sowed up and down the virgin furrows of this community for thirty years of incessant activity he will continue indefinitely to exercise a clearly discernible influence upon the musical status Of this people. In view, then, of these important and distinguished services rendered by Professor Aiken to the cause of musical culture in Cincinnati it may be claimed that it is a sense of justice as well as of gratitude that dedicates a marble memorial to him today. True, the story of his achievements and the picture of his personal peculiarities are still vivid in the memories of multitudes of adults and youths ; but it is likewise true that, in an age like the present, in which worthy exploits fairly tread upon one another's heels, and CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 355 wherein the fashion of the world changes with the rapidity of cloud forms, the clay soon comes when the places that once honored us shall know us no more. It is therefore proper that those of us who have shared in the benefits accruing from Professor Aiken's labors should so attest our appreciation of them that, when our lips of flesh shall no longer be present to tell the story it will then be taken up and echoed along the aisles of the far future by the sculptured lips which we today uncover. But not only is the memorial itself a fitting tribute, the place of its erection is also a most appropriate one. This noble building is most emphatically Music's own shrine—her consecrated temple. Herein come together from time to time her multitudes of devotees to partake of the refreshing and nourishing feasts prepared for them by her high priests and votaries—the soloists, chorus-singers and instrumentalists. It is eminently proper, then, that in the vestibule of this temple we should be tangibly reminded of one who, in his day, rendered signal service before the high altar—who himself did much toward suitably preparing the minds and hearts of many now ministering there, and who aided largely in attuning the ears of the vast auditory to an appreciation of the splendid service. And, while we view with unmixed satisfaction the act of justice which we today signalize, may we not venture to hope that it is only the beginning of a movement which, in its future course, is destined to uprear in this place many similar memorials of men who, like him we now honor, shall distinguish themselves as contributors to the musical advancement of this community. Then, with the statue of that princely lover and patron of music, Reuben R. Springer, as its central figure, will this proud edifice not only answer, as now, to its title of Temple of Music, but will also be acknowledged as the Parthenon of the musical celebrities of the Queen City." GEORGE BRIEDE. George Briede was numbered among the industrious and enterprising German citizens of Cincinnati. His birth occurred in Kalcte, Hessen, Germany, December 18, 1842, his parents being Andrew and. Martha Briede, both of whom died in the fatherland. n the schools of that country the son pursued his education and also learned the tailor's trade. Laudable ambition to make the best use of his time and opportunities brought him to America, for he felt that there was a better chance to gain a living on this side of the Atlantic. He was twenty-six years of age when he crossed the water, making his way to Cincinnati, where lived an 0ld-time acquaintance, Mr. Falke, whose sister afterward became his wife. Mr. Falke was proprietor of a blacksmith shop here and was a well known citizen, one of the streets of Cincinnati having been named in his honor. Following his arrival George Briede secured work at his trade in the employ of Mr. Schroeder on Main street. He remained in that connection for about four years and then went to Covington, Kentucky, where he was employed for about eight years by the firm of Drexilus & Mabus. During that period he wisely saved his earnings until his industry and careful expenditure had brought him sufficient capital to enable him to engage in business on his own account. He therefore opened a tailoring establishment on Vine street, where he continued for many 356 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY years or until the time of his death. He had built up a substantial business, was accorded a liberal patronage and was widely known for the excellent workmanship turned out from his establishment. In all of his business relations he was found thoroughly reliable as well as progressive and therefore merited the success which came to him. As he prospered in his undertakings he erected, in 1884, a business block at No. 2814 Vine street, three stories in height, occupying the first floor for his tailoring establishment, and using the second and third floors as his residence. On the 28th of October; 1868, in Cincinnati, Mr. Briede was united in marriage to Miss Theresia Falke, a daughter of Henry and Dena (Brecker) Falke. Unto this marriage were born twelve children, of whom three died in early life. The others are : Frank, of Cincinnati, who married Laura Engel and has two children, Lula and Arthur ; Dora, the wife of Charles Theye, of Cincinnati, and the mother of one child, Luella; Henry, of Chicago, who wedded Mary Bruns and has one child, Ruth ; Charles, of Chicago, who married Maud Skolaus, and has two children, Lester and Arnold ; Fred, of Chicago, who married Anna Standish, a descendant of Miles Standish ; Olga, the wife of Edward Rippstein, of Newport, Kentucky ; Amanda, the wife of Lew Adams, -of Cincinnati; Arthur, of this city ; and Erna, now Mrs. Max Risch, of Cincinnati. Mrs. Briede has been a resident of Cincinnati since 1868 but her parents died in Germany. The death of Mr. Briede occurred December 29, 1909, at the home of his daughter, where he and his wife had gone to spend the evening. He was taken ill there and his remains were laid to rest on New Year's day. He held membership in the German Pioneer Society, also. with the Turners and the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and he likewise belonged to St. John's church. His life had been one of industry intelligently directed and his success was undoubtedly due in large measure to the fact that he never dissipated his energies over a broad field but always continued in the line of business in which he embarked as a young tradesman. Ambitious to succeed, he made good use of his time and opportunities and won a handsome competence, also gaining the friendship and good-will of a large circle of acquaintances. LOUIS J. DOLLE. Judging by his success at the bar there is no doubt that Louis J. Dolle, of Cincinnati, is especially adapted for the practice of law. Even as a boy his ambition pointed to the legal profession and his interest in the study of law was so pronounced that he was graduated at the Cincinnati Law School at the early age of twenty years—too. young by one year to be admitted to practice. He is a native of Cincinnati, born January 15, 1862, a son of Philip and Philomena . (DeBolt) Dolle, the latter of whom was born in Cincinnati. Mr. Dolle, Sr., was a native of Alsace-Lorraine. He crossed the ocean to America in search of more favorable opportunities than he had found in the old country and arrived in Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1849. He was a man of good education and engaged in teaching school. He was graduated from the famous Farmers College on College Hill. He also studied law and in 1862 was admitted to the bar, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 359 becoming a successful practitioner in Cincinnati. He died June 3, 1884. Elizabeth DeBolt, grandmother of our subject, was one of the early settlers of. Cincinnati, having taken up her residence there in 1819 when it was a struggling village. Louis J. Dolle received his preliminary education in the public schools and later attended St. Xavier College. After graduating from the Cincinnati Law School he waited a year before applying for admission to the bar and was admitted to practice, January 18, 1883, three days after attaining his majority. Ile began his life work in his father's office and after the death of the latter, June 3, 1884, succeeded to his father's clientage corporation his attention one corporation and commercial law and has gained acknowledged standing as one of the most reliable attorneys of the city, whose practice has constantly broadened his knowledge and increased his efficiency. He is an eloquent and persuasive speaker and his practical knowledge of scientific and technical matters in building and machine industries, has gained for him an enviable reputation as a trial lawyer and reliable counsel. Mr. Dolle was for many years assisted in his large practice by Mr. Walter C. Taylor and Mr. James B. O'Donnell, and in recognition of their services, Mr. Dolle in 1911 associated them with him as partners under the firm name of Dolle, Taylor & O'Donnell. On the 26th of April, 19oo, Mr. Dolle was married, at Cincinnati, to Miss Augusta Lodge, a daughter of William Lodge, senior member of The Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Company. Four children have been born to this union, William Lodge, Mary Louise, Elizabeth Lodge and Louis J., Jr. In politics Mr. Dolle has since casting his first vote, given his support to the democratic party. He has served as delegate to political conventions and has taken an active part in the election of candidates, but he has .never been an office seeker, referring to concentrate his energies upon his profession. He has spent his entire life in Cincinnati and there are fe men who are better informed on the history of the city and the surrounding region or better acquainted with the resources and possibilities of the Ohio valley. A public spirited, patriotic and useful citizen, he has been through life governed, by a desire to promote the happiness and welfare of his fellowmen. His success is well deserved, for he won it honorably by steadfast, self-sacrifice and steadfait devotion to his many friends and clients. C. L. SMITH. C. L. Smith, secretary of The Maley-Thompson & Moffett Company, manufacturers of hardwood lumber and veneers, with plant located at the corner of Eighth avenue and Evans street, Cincinnati, has been identified with the above named concern during the entire period of his business career. He is a native of Ohio, his birth having occurred in Clermont county, in the vicinity of Milford, and a son of Albert and Lydia (Wainright) Smith, both natives of the same county, their, parents and grandparents being Ohio pioneers. John Smith, the grandfather of our subject, at one time was the owner of a farm which was lo- 360 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY cated where at present the Sixth street market stands. His boyhood and youth were spent on his father's farm in very much the manner of other youths who are reared in the country. In the acquirement of his education he attended the public schools of Milford until he was graduated from. the high school. Having decided that he preferred a business to an agricultural career, he subsequently came to Cincinnati where he entered the Nelson Business College and pursued a commercial course. When he was twenty years of age he entered the employment of the company, with which he has ever since been connected in the capacity of bookkeeper. He applied himself assiduously to the duties assigned him, discharging his responsibilities with an unusual degree of efficiency and sense 0f conscientious obligation. His employers quickly recognizing his capability and trustworthiness promoted him until, in. 1901, he was made secretary of the company, in which capacity he has ever since served. In addition to his duties as secretary he is assistant to General Manager Robbins, who is frequently called out of the city on business for the company, his responsibilities at such times devolving on Mr. Smith. During the fifteen years he has been with the firm, Mr. Smith has conscientiously applied himself to thoroughly mastering every detail of the business and has become one of the well informed men connected with the hardwood trade of Cincinnati. He is also secretary of The Rockport Saw Mill company, of which he was one. of the organizers. Mr. Smith was married in 1900 to Miss Elizabeth Simpkins, who was also born and reared in the vicinity of Milford, a daughter of Amos and Mary (Shore) Simpkins, one of the pioneer farmers of Clermont county. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith : Laura, who is nine years of age; and Lyman, who is now nine months. The family are pleasantly located at 5122 Turrill avenue, Norwood Heights. Mr. Smith takes great delight in outdoor life and sports and is secretary of the Hyde Park Gun Club, one of the three leading gun clubs of the city. He is also affiliated with the Cincinnati Lumbermen's Club and the Queen City Furniture Club. TRUMAN BISHOP HANDY. Truman Bishop Handy was born in Cincinnati when the city was a village. He watched it emerge from primitive conditions and environment to take its place with the metropolitan centers of the Ohio valley and as one of its most prominent architects contributed much to its growth and adornment during the years of an active business career that was terminated only in his death on the 5th of November, 1884. His father, Edward Handy, came from Virginia to Ohio by wagon at a very early period in the development of this state, long before the era of railroad building, and was a prominent figure in the early days in this city, serving for a number of years as city solicitor. He belonged to the Handy family who were descended from four brothers who came to this country from England during colonial days, one settling in Rhode Island and the others in Virginia. He married the daughter of John Marshall,, the wedding being celebrated in Virginia, and, as previously stated, they traveled across the coun- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 361 try to Ohio by wagon, Mrs. Handy bringing with her sixteen slaves who had been given to her as a marriage dower, but soon after their arrival in Ohio she liberated all of the negroes. Both Mr. and Mrs. Edward Handy were very active and earnest Christian people, holding membership in the Methodist church. Truman B. Handy spent his youthful days in his native city, being a boy here when Cincinnati contained only a few hundred population, yet was fast becoming a trading center on the Ohio, making extensive shipments by the river route of Ohio products to New Orleans and other markets along the Mississippi. In the pursuit of his education he attended the Woodward high school and displayed marked aptitude in his studies, so that he afterward engaged for a short time in teaching mathematics in the high school. Later, however, he turned. his attention to the contracting and building business and became known as one of the most prominent architects and contractors of this section of the country. Evidence of his skill and handiwork are seen on all sides. He was the builder of the Masonic Temple, the public library, the store and residence of John Shillito, the Perrin home and a great many other of the fine residences and prominent buildings of the city. Mr. Handy was united in marriage to Mariette Blakeslee, a native of Connecticut, who came to Cincinnati in her girlhood days with her parents, the journey being made by canal and wagon. Her father was Edward Blakeslee, Who was engaged in the clock business here as agent for the Seth Thomas clocks. The death of Mrs. Handy occurred in 1881, three years before the demise of her husband, who passed away November 15, 1884. They were parents of seven children of whom four are yet living, including Mrs. Helen (Handy) Mitchell, who is popular in the social circles of this city and for eighteen years has been an active and valued member of the Cincinnati Woman's Club, of which she is n0w the president. She is a great traveler and is a lady of education and culture who has left the impress of her individuality upon the social life of Cincinnati. Another daughter, the wife of Dr: Dudley W: Rhodes, still resides here while Mariette Handy Suscipi makes her home in Chicago, Illinois, and a brother, Charles Edward Handy, lives in Los Angeles, California. In his political views the father, Truman B. Handy, was a democrat and served for years as park commissioner, doing all in his power to promote the park system of the city and thus anticipate the need for such breathing places that would come with the city's growth and .development. He was a member of the Queen City Club and was always recognized as a public-spirited man whose influence .was found on the side of progress and who worked toward high ideals along practical and resultant lines. THE ADLER UNDERWEAR & HOSIERY MANUFACTURING COMPANY. The Adler Underwear & Hosiery Manufacturing Company controls one of the important productive industries of Cincinnati with a factory at Fairmount, one of the suburbs of this city. The present officers are : Milton Adler, president; J. A. Snyder, vice president and general manager ; and Charles W. Adler, secretary and treasurer. The business was established in 1865 by Bernard Adler and 362 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY came known as Adler, Karlsruher & Franke. They manufactured jeans and Kentucky doe skins. Subsequently they purchased the old county insane asylum and after remodeling removed to that site. The present buildings which they now occupy are on the same ground at Harrison and Queen City avenues. They now operate under the name of the Fairmount Woolen Mills and have a well equipped plant, supplied with the latest improved machinery, while only skilled worw0rkmene employed. Bernard Adler, the founder of the business, had three sons, William, Isaac and Morris Adler. The first two were owners of the business for many years, becoming successors to their father at his death. Mr. Karlsruher, one of the original owners of the business, was a. son-in-law of the founder, while Charles W. Adler, secretary and treasurer of the company, is a son of Isaac and . agrandson of the founder. Bernard Adler passed away in 1886 while Mr. Karlsruher died in September, 1901. William Adler departed this life August 27, 1903, and Isaac died September 25, 1904. Morris Adler, at that time the only remaining son of the founder, became president of the Adler Underwear & Hosiery Manufacturing Company but died January 13, 1911. Mr. Snyder, the vice president and general manager, became connected with this concern in 1895. The business was incorporated in January, 1905, with a capital stock of two hundred and fifty-five thousand dollars and today employment is furnished to one hundred and seventy people. The directors of the company are Milton Adler, J. A. Snyder, Charles W. Adler, Joseph L. Adler, Aaron Baer, General Lewis Seasongood, and Walter J. Freidlander. JOSEPH P. STENGER, JR. The young man, who conscientiously discharges to the best of his ability the minor duties assigned him, upon first entering the business world is paving the way to a successful career, by qualifying himself for the assumption of greater responsibilities. Of such as these is Joseph P. Stenger, who was born at St. Leon, Dearborn county, Indiana, on the 19th of November, 1867, and is a son of Joseph Stenger. The father who has now attained the venerable age of eighty-four years is hale and hearty, possessing the activity and vigor of a man many years his junior. Joseph P. Stenger, Jr., was not born into a family where money was very plentiful, but the atmosphere of the home life was conducive to the formation of those principles that invariably determine the future of the man, before his boyhood is passed. He attended the public schools until he had mastered the common branches, soon thereafter laying aside his school books. His first work was that of a thresher's assistant, but he subsequently entered the establishment of 0fe of Cincinnati's well known monument workers, where he learned the trade. He was a very capable and promising apprentice, always alert to learn everything that would promote his advance and painstakingly applying himself to the discharge of every task assigned him. His thrift, industry and trustworthiness won him recognition from his employers who took a keen personal interest in promoting his progress. He was most ambitious and it was his desire to ultimately have an establishment of his own. Through his concentration and industry he CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 363 attained the skill and ability that later made this feasible, and he began a business of his own on a small: scale, owing to his limited capital. The venture has proved successful, and he is now firmly established and is making definite progress each year, the future of his business in every way seeming to give the most promising assurance of continuous prosperity. Mr. Stenger married Miss Elizabeth Volz, a daughter of Joseph Volz of this city, and they have become the parents of three children: Herbert, who is eleven; Jerome, now eight; and Othmar, who has passed the fifth anniversary of his birth. The family affiliate with St. George's church and Mr. Stenger is a member of the Knights of St. John. They are very pleasantly situated in their home life, the income from his business now enabling Mr. Stenger to provide all of the comforts and many of the luxuries for his family. Such success as has attended his efforts must be entirely attributed to his personal endeavors, as. he came to Cincinnati as a youth without either money or influence, but by strict attention to the business, first of his employer and later of himself, he has attained to' a position, where the future need cause him no apprehension. EUGENE VERNON OVERMAN. Eugene Vernon Overman, the president and organizer of The Cincinnati & Hammond Spring Company, has been a resident of this city since 1885. He was born on a farm at Overman, so called in honor of his father, Highland c0unty, Ohio, on the 31st of January, 1860, a son of Elias and Ruth Anne (Reece) Overman, both members of pioneer families. The great-grandfather, Elijah Overman, located in Ohio in 1801, the farm on which he settled still being the property of the family. He was a Quaker and the little church which his family attended now stands on a' corner of the farm on which Eugene Vernon Overman spent his childhood. The Overman family came from England with William Penn, first locating in 'Virginia whence they migrated to North Carolina and then to Ohio. The paternal grandfather, Dempsey Overman, later removed to this section of the state, various members of his family having participated in the Civil war. Elias Overman passed away in 1890, at the age of sixty-seven, and was laid to rest in the family lot at Hillsboro. The maternal grandfather, David Reece, came from Grayson county, Virginia, to Ohio, in 1803, settling in Highland county on a farm, which. was located on the creek known as Rocky Fork. Here he erected a large flour mill, operating it in connection with the cultivation of his homestead. This old mill was so substantially constructed that it has withstood the elements for over a hundred year and is now one of the points of interest in the vicinity. Mr. Reece was one of the prominent men of the community, having been justice of the peace, while in 1830 he was elected to the legislature, where he remained. for several terms. The journey to and from the sessions was quite a severe and trying ordeal in those days, the distance having' to be covered by stage. Mrs. Overman was the youngest child of Mr. Reece who is buried in the old Quaker burying ground in the vicinity of Overman. 364 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY The boyhood and youth of Eugene Vernon    Overman were spent on the farm where he was born, his early education being acquired in the district school at Overman. Later he attended the high school at Hillsboro, following which he spent two years under private teachers in preparation for college, entering Wooster in the fall of 1878, where he remained for three years. After leaving college he took the position of paying and receiving teller in a banking institution, where he spent two years. At the expiration of that period his father bought an interest in a wholesale grocery at Hillsboro for him, the business being operated under the firm name of Gregg Overman & Company. During the period of his connection with this enterprise he also engaged in farming and dealt in live stock. In 1885 he disposed of his interests and removed to Cincinnati, where he has ever since continuously resided. He came to this city to take the position of general manager of the Gainsford Carriage Company, which was the property of minors. As. the heirs came of age he bought their interest in the business, eventually acquiring entire possession and changing the name to The Overman Carriage Company. After being identified with this concern for ten years he sold out to the trust which was formed at about that time. He subsequently organized the Cincinnati & Hammond Spring Company, of which. he is president and general Manager, their plant having been located at 909 Summer street since March, 1911. Mr. Overman is also secretary and sales manager of The Western Spring & Axle Company, and first vice president of the West End Bank &. Trust Company. At Vicksburg, Mississippi, on the 25th of October, 1904, Mr. Overman was united in marriage to Miss Rose P. Baeurer. They live at Walnut Hills, their residence being located at 1003 Chapel street. Mr. Overman belongs to the Society of Friends, in which faith he was reared, being identified with the little church that stood on his father's farm, now the property of his brother, William O. Overman. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Masons, having taken, the degrees of the blue lodge. He also holds membership in the Business Men's Club, Hamilton County Golf Club, the Carriage Maker's Club, of which he was one of the organizers, and the Cuvier Press Club. His political support he accords to the candidates of the republican party, but although he is progressive and public-spirited in matters of citizenship, his activities along private lines have precluded any prominent' participation in municipal affairs. CALVIN DILL WILSON. The Rev. Calvin Dill Wilson, D. D., was born in Baltimore, Maryland, but belongs to Pennsylvania by ancestry and rearing. His father was the Rev. Thomas Brown Wilson, a Presbyterian minister who was a native of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and a graduate of Jefferson College. His mother was Margaret (Sanders) Wilson, a native of Adams county, Pennsylvania. Calvin D. Wilson was graduated at Washington and Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1876, and from the Western Theological Seminary, Allegheny, Pennsylvania, in 1879. He was licensed to preach as a Presbyterian CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 365 minister by the Presbytery of Pittsburg, April, 1878, and was ordained by the Presbytery of Chester in May, 1880. He was pastor at Atglen, Pennsylvania, 1879-83, Churchville, Maryland, 1883-93, Franklin, Ohio, 1893-1903. He has been past0r at Glendale, Ohio, near Cincinnati, since 1903. He is the author of "Bible Boys and Girls," "The Child's Don Quixote," "The Story of the Cid, for Young People," "The Flight of the Hebrews," "Making the Most of Ourselves" (two series), "The Faerie Queene, for Young People," "Chaucer, for Young People," "Working One's Way through College" and "A Lost Chapter of American History : An Account of Negroes Who Owned Slaves." He has contributed to a large number of magazines and newspapers, essays, verses and stories. He married Miss Mary A. Webster of "Webster's Forest," Harford county, Maryland, October 23, 1889. He has one son, Maurice Webster Wilson, now a sophomore in the University of Cincinnati. JOHN W. PFAFF. J0hn W. Pfaff is manager of the John Pfaff Varnish & Stain Company, one of the oldest industries of Cincinnati, in which city he was born in 1849. After completing the course of the public schools, John W. Pfaff became associated with his father. in business. He applied himself closely, becoming familiar with every department and detail of the plant, thus fully qualifying himself to succeed to the business. The John Pfaff Varnish & Stain Company was founded, in 1840, by a man by the name of James Price. Nine years later John Pfaff, the father of John W. Pfaff, became a partner in the enterprise which was continued under the name of Price & Pfaff. They were located at their present address, 1660 Central avenue, this being one of the oldest varnish and stain factories in this section of the country. A few years later there were further changes in the firm, Dr. Webb, a brother-in-law of President Hayes, and a Mr. McCabe becoming stockholders. The name was changed to Pfaff, Webb & McCabe, under which the factory was operated for some years thereafter. Dr. Webb went to the war as a surgeon, retaining his interest in the business until after his return. Mr. Pfaff acquired his stock, as well as that of Mr. McCabe, following the death of the latter, and took his son-in-law, E. P. Davenport, into the business with him. He continued to be the head of the establishment until his death which oc-. curred on the 7th of October, 1877, at the age of sixty years, since which time John W. Pfaff has been president. For his wife and helpmate Mr. Pfaff chose Miss Sarah E. Abbey, of Dayton, Ohio, and they became the parents of four daughters : Mrs. Evans; and Louise, Mary and Estella. They all affiliate with the Avondale Presbyterian church, while fraternally Mr. Pfaff is identified with the Masonic order in which he has attained high rank. He is a member of Wyoming Lodge, No. 186, A. F. & A. M.; Wyoming. Chapter, R. A. M.; Cincinnati Commandery, No. 3, K. T.; Ohio Consistory; and the Syrian Temple of the Shrine. He was one of the early members of the Knights of Pythias, to which organization he continues to belong. He is one of 366 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the successful business men of the Queen City, the products of his factory being shipped to all parts of the country. The quality and standard of their goods has ever been sustained during the seventy years of their existence, and as a result they have an excellent reputation and are known to dealers throughout the United States. MAJOR SAMUEL BIGSTAFF. Major Samuel Bigstaff is well known as a promoter whose efforts have constituted the motive force in the establishment and successful control of many projects that are factors in the development and upbuilding of different interests in Cincinnati, in other Ohio cities and also in the cities south of the river. With definite aim and purpose he has so conducted his efforts that substantial results have been achieved in the upbuilding and improvement of the localities in which his labors have been directed and also in the attainment of personal success. He was born in Bath county, Kentucky, in 1845, a son of Dr. O. S. and Fenton (Bean) Bigstaff. His father was a graduate of Transylvania University 0f Lexington, Kentucky, and became one of the prominent physicians of his day. The mother, Fenton Bean, was a member of the well known Mason county family of that name. Major Samuel Bigstaff devoted the period of his life between the ages of six and sixteen years to the acquirement of an education, but while preparing for college ran away to join the command of General John H. Morgan, which was composed of young men of the best Kentucky families. He had served for about eighteen months when he became ill with typhoid fever. Something of the determined purpose which has ever actuated his life was shown by the fact that when convalescing he walked one hundred and fifty miles to join his regiment and one of the officers, noting the qualities of the boy, predicted them that he would ultimately become a leader. While serving in the army he was wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Snow Hill and sent to the old Newport barracks, which was the beginning of his connection with the city in which his labors have figured so prominently as forces in upbuilding and progress. In 1866 he was married to one of Newport's daughters, Miss Alice Webster, whose father, F. M. Webster, was a leading attorney of northern Kentucky. For some years thereafter Major Bigstaff was connected with the iron business but withdrew from that field when it ceased to be profitable in 1873. He then took up the study of law, was admitted to the bar and continued in active practice as partner of the late Judge Charles J. Holm until 1883. Since that timehe has been largely connected with public enterprises and as the promoter of various projects has taken place with those who have been foremost in the development of various Kentucky cities. His operations in railway building have been particularly notable. n the real-estate field, too, his work has been of inestimable value. n 1883 he built what is known as East Fourth street, the first highway built by private enterprise in Newport, and at the same time laid out a large subdivision to the city. His success in the real-estate field caused him to with draw from the practice of law and concentrate his efforts upon the purchase and CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 369 sale of property. He opened up and developed in rapid succession the subdivisions kn0wn as Cote Brilliante, Dueber, Ingals Park, Bigstaff's addition to Newport and Inverness, Bonnie Lesley, Villa Place and the Hafer Ross, Glenn and Shaw tracts in Fort Thomas. While thus engaged Major Bigstaff also formed and executed the plans for a splendid highway known as Grand avenue, nearly four miles in length and fifty feet in width and constituting the main drive from Newport to what was at that time, in part, Major Bigstaffs summer home but which afterward became the United States Military Reservation of Fort Thomas. When it became known that the old Newport barracks were to be abandoned and that a different and larger site would be selected for an army post, Major Bigstaff recognized the appropriateness of the ground surrounding his summer home for such a site and put forth every effort to secure the location of the fort there. He met considerable 0pp0sition in this but it did not deter him in his efforts and General Sheridan, who was the second. government official sent to inspect it, exclaimed enthusiastically : "This is the West Point of the west !" One of the chief characteristics in Major Bigstaff's career has been his ability to recognize needs and possibilities. No sooner has he ever become cognizant of the former than he has planned to utilize the latter and throughout his entire life he has accomplished what he has attempted. He was instrumental in securing the building of the central bridge connecting Newport and Cincinnati, and he personally projected and secured the funds for the building of the bridge across the Licking river at Eleventh street, Newport, connecting the latter city with Covington. He also turned his attention to railway enterprises, for about this time he undertook the task of abolishing the old horse cars and the eight-cent fare in Newport and Covington by substituting electricity and reducing the rate to a five-cent fare. To his efforts the street car and rapid transit circuit which includes the cities of Newport, Covington, Bellevue, Latonia, Ludlow, Fort Thomas and Dayton is due; the road was electrified and the fare reduced in accordance with his plans. He remained as chief officer of the railroad for five years and then withdrew from its management to direct his efforts into other fields. As trustee of the Taylor estate Mr. Bigstaff was instrumental in the building of most of the streets in that large section of Newport lying east of Washington avenue. His efforts, too, resulted in the running of the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway trains through Newport, Bellevue, Dayton and Covington. He was one of the organizers of the Ludlow lagoon and not only agitated the subject of paved streets and of establishment of a sewer system in Newport, but was instrumental in pr0secuting the work to a successful completion. Not all days in Mr. Bigstaff's career have been equally bright and yet his course on the whole has been a most progressive one. During the period of financial depression which followed the panic of 1893 he suffered heavy losses because of his large holdings in unproductive real estate and his heavy expenditure in street railway and bridge enterprises at Ashland, Kentucky. In March, 1898, unable to longer withstand the financial strain, he turned everything over to his creditors and at the age of fifty-three years began life anew, giving to the world a splendid example of courage, determination and ability. He is again numbered among the most prosperous residents of this section and the soundness of his judgment has been evidenced in his careful investments, bringing to him substantial returns. Vol. IV-19 370 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY In 1866 Mr. Bigstaff was united in marriage to Miss Alice Webster, a daughter of F. M. Webster, of Newport, Kentucky, and unto them have been born two children, Nazzie W. and Frank W. Theirs is one of the most beautiful homes in the Highlands and he is regarded as one of the public-spirited citizens whose indefatigable energy, unfailing perseverance and native stamina have made this one of the most attractive residence sections in the Ohio valley. Mr. Bigstaff holds membership in Robert Burns Lodge of Masons in Newport, Kentucky, and also in the John C. Breckenbridge Camp of United Confederate Veterans at Lexington, Kentucky. Politically he was affiliated with the democratic party until 1896, when its stand on the monetary question caused him to withhold his support and he has since voted for the republican presidential candidates while on questions of local moment he votes independent of partisan politics. His religious support is given to the Episcopal church and he enters as heartily into all church and outside interests as he does into the business projects, which have claimed the major portion of his time and attention and which have won him rank with the foremost citizens of Cincinnati and the middle west. A. S. BOYLE. A. S. Boyle is president and founder of the A. S. Boyle Company, manufacturers of floor-wax and hardwood finishes. He was born in Cincinnati on the 4th of January, 1865, and is a son of Stephen S. and Elizabeth Boyle. The father was a native of Ireland from which country he emigrated in his early manhood to the United States. He was owner of The Boyle-Miller & Company Distilling company, which at the time of the war was the largest industry of the kind in the country. Stephen S. Boyle was widely and favorably known in Cincinnati and the vicinity, because of his benevolence and liberal contributions to all charities. A brilliant business man he met with unusual success in his undertaking and was regarded as one of the affluent residents of the city at the time of his demise, on the 23d of May, 1865, at the age of forty-seven years. He was interred in St. Joseph's cemetery and there his wife was laid beside him in 1886, her death having occurred at the age of sixty-three. Reared at home the early education of A. S. Boyle was acquired under the supervision of a governess until he was a good-sized lad, when he was sent to the St. Lawrence parochial school. He subsequently entered St. Xavier's College, which he left at the age of eighteen years. His first position was that of entry clerk with the Charles Stewart Paper Company, with which concern he was identified for six years. From there he went to the employ of The Eckstein Lead Company, where for two years he held the position of clerk and salesman. Considering himself of sufficient experience to embark in business for himself, in 1891 he started a paint and glass establishment on Walnut street above. Ninth, operating under the name of Barron, Boyle & Company. The business having grown too large for his quarters, he later removed to West Court street, while for the same reason a few years later he located on Main street. He then formed a stock company, incorporating sunder the name of The Barron Boyle Company, of which. he was vice president and treasurer. While holding this position he became interested in the manufacture of floor-wax and hardwood finishes. This CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 371 venture proved very lucrative and developed so rapidly that Mr. Boyle soon realized that it was going to be impossible for him to do justice to it and at the same time meet the requirements of his official connection with the old company. He, theref0re, disposed of his interests in the latter, utilizing the proceeds in enlarging his new enterprise, operated under the name of A. S. Boyle Company. Ever since its organization this industry has at all times met his expectations, having thrived from the very first. On the 16th of August, 1892, Mr. Boyle was united in marriage to Miss Winnifred Paddock, a daughter of Benjamin and Mary Paddock, a pioneer lumberman of Cincinnati. He passed away in 1909 and was laid to rest in Spring Grove cemetery. The mother still survives and now makes her home in Clifton. Five daughters have been born of. the union of Mr. and Mrs. Boyle, of whom two survive: Margaret M., who is attending Miss Kendrick's private school; and Mary Elizabeth, a student of the Ursuline Academy, on McMillan street. The home is at 542 Hale avenue, where they have a very pleasant residence. In matters religious the family affiliate with the Roman Catholic church, of which they are all communicants. Mr. Boyle is a member of the Cincinnati Business Men's, Cincinnati Commercial and the Cincinnati Automobile Clubs, and he is also identified with the Avondale Improvement Association. In matters politic he casts a republican ballot in national and state elections,. but in municipal affairs he votes independently, giving his support to the candidate he deems best fitted to subserve the position to be filled. Although he has not figured in political affairs as seeker of office or honors, Mr. Boyle is public-spirited and takes an active interest in all affairs, pertaining to the community or the republic. CHARLES H. MILLER. America is a nation of self-made men, and every schoolboy knows by the example of hundreds that the pathway to fortune, influence and power is open to any 0ne, whatever his educational advantages may have been, who has the patience, industry and determination of purpose to train himself. Of such as these is Charles H. Miller, president and treasurer of The Miller Shoe Manufacturing Company. He was born in Cincinnati on the 15th of June, 1870, and' is a son of John Henry and Elizabeth (Troutman) Miller, natives of Germany. John Henry Miller emigrated to the United States about 1848, locating in Cincinnati where he continues to live at the age of seventy-two years. At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted and went to the front, fighting for the Union. The hardship and privation incident to camp life so undermined his health that it was never fully restored, thus impairing his earning ability during the remainder of his years of activity. Mr. and Mrs. Miller were married in America and of the children born of their union two are living : Emma, now Mrs. Wienkampf, of Cincinnati; and the son Charles H. Charles H. Miller has spent his entire life in this city in which he has met with such notable success. In the acquirement of his education he attended the public scho0ls but while yet a young lad he laid aside his text-books and entered 372 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the factory of the old Cincinnati Joint Stock Shoe Company. He continued in the service of this company and their successors for ten years, during which, time he worked himself up from the lowest position to that of foreman. Intelligent and ambitious, he early realized that the way to success, after mastering the fundamental principles of a business, was as employer and not as employe. Knowing himself to be a master in his line of work, confident of his powers, despite the handicap of limited capital, he embarked in business for himself. For two and a half years thereafter Charles H. Miller engaged in the manufacture of shoe patterns, withdrawing from this enterprise at the expiration of that period to become a member of the firm of Val Duttenhofer & Sons. He was identified with this firm for eighteen months when he became associated with George Ogden in establishing the company of which he is now president. They began in a small way manufacturing women's shoes, employing from ten to fifteen workmen. The goods they placed upon the market were found to be exactly as represented, their methods of doing business straightforward and honorable, while at all times they were reliable and trustworthy, getting out their orders on time and living up to their contracts in every respect. The result was that they retained their old patrons while winning new ones and today their goods are sold to retailers from the Atlantic to the Pacific. From a. little shop with a limited equipment and fifteen employes to a factory with seven floors and thirty-five thousand square feet of space is a most creditable advance for any enterprise. Two hundred and seventy-five people are now employed in their business, and their daily output is one thousand pairs of shoes. They sell directly to the retailers, thus cutting out the profit of the jobbers and enabling their goods to be 'placed ,on the market at a lower price than those of other manufacturers often are. The company was incorporated in June, 1907, with Charles H. Miller, president and treasurer, and George Ogden, vice president. Early in 1911 a branch factory was established at Greensburg, Indiana. Mr. Miller married Miss Mary Amling of Cincinnati, and unto their union there have been born two daughters and one son : Clara, Alma and Irvin. The fraternal affiliations of Mr. Miller are confined to his membership in the Royal Arcanum, of which he is past regent and he has been representative to the grand lodge. He is a member of the Business Men's Club and the Commercial Club, in both of which institutions and what they stand for, he takes great interest. His life is another example of what it is possible to accomplish where energy is intelligently directed toward a definite purpose, proving that these and not money are the essential capital for success in any vocation. GEORGE ENGEL. George Engel, now deceased, was during his business connection with Cincinnati engaged in pork packing. Many years have passed since he was called to his final rest and yet he is remembered by many of the older German citizens. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany, August 30, 1837, a son of John and Christina Engel. When about sixteen years of age he came to the United States, having in the meantime acquired a fair education in the schools of his native land. He learned the butchering. trade with his father, who for a long period was engaged in the butchering business, and on reaching America he located at New CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 373 Orleans, where he worked at his trade for a few years. He afterward .made his way up the Mississippi and Ohio rivers to Cincinnati and invested the small capital that he had saved in a butcher shop on Hughes street: tie was not long in building up a good trade and after a.time sent for his parents. His father then went into business with him, after which they had a stand at the market house, George Engel taking charge of that, while, his father -remained in the shop. After a considerable time they dissolved partnership and for two years George Engel engaged in the wool business. At the end of that time he turned his attention to the p0rk-packing business, which he followed until his death on the 18th of October, 1873, his remains being interred in Spring Grove cemetery. In early manhood Mr. Engel was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Billiod, a daughter of Frederick and Margaret (Bimminger) Billiod. Mrs. Engel was born in Cincinnati, but her father was a native of France, born in 1798. When a young man he crossed the Atlantic to the United States, locating first at New York, but after a short time he started westward, walking the entire distance to Cincinnati, where he arrived in 1822. He found a small town of comparatively little business importance. He was a cooper by trade and for a short period worked al0ng that line, after which he engaged in the brewing business with a cousin, Peter Johnson. Subsequently he established the old Lafayette Brewery in a building which is still standing on McMicken avenue. There he continued in business until his death in 1862. If was on the 15th of November, 1859, that his daughter Caroline became the wife of George Engel and unto them were born six children: John George, who died at the age of forty-nine years ; Louisa, the wife of Frank Hummel, of Cincinnati, by whom she has two children, Alice and Mary Louise; Caroline, the wife of Eugene Berninghaus, of Cincinnati; Billiod, who died at the age of forty-two years ; Amelia, who died at the age of eleven years ; and Margaret, at home. Mrs. Engel's father was one of the early Masons of Cincinnati and also one of the early members of the German Pioneer Society. Both of her sons were also identified with the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Engel belonged to St. John's church and lived an upright life that commended him to the confidence and go0d-will of those with whom he came in contact. He led a busy and useful life and enjoyed the confidence and good-will of not only his fellow countrymen but of all his fellow townsmen in Cincinnati. H. P. DURRELL. H. P. Durrell, who represents one of the early families of Cincinnati, is president of the ;Durrell Realty Company and is a valued member of the community. He was born on a farm at Pleasant Ridge, now a part of the city of Cincinnati, a son of Harrison C. and Harriet (Wood) Durrell. Thomas Durrell, the great-grandfather of our. subject, was the first member of the family on the paternal side to. arrive in southwest Ohio. He was a native of Maine and came with his wife Alvira and several small children to Cincinnati at a very early day. He was the owner of a small farm on Reading road, near Bond Hill, and he and his wife spent the principal years of their lives in Hamilton county. William Durrell, the grandfather of our subject, was born near Bangor, Maine, in 1804. 374 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY He was brought to Cincinnati by his parents and 'after growing to maturity became owner of a farm of eighty acres at Avondale, near the site now occupied by the Zoological Garden. Later he moved to a farm on Walnut Hills. He was a farmer and also engaged extensively in the teaming business. He lived to the advanced age of eighty-two years. The maiden name of his wife was Anna Phillips and of their-children four grew to maturity : Harrison C.; William, who is now deceased; John Henry, who is also deceased ; and Richard, a record of whom appears elsewhere in this work. Harrison Cook Durrell was born at Cincinnati, December 5, 1826, and was educated in the public schools and Woodward high school. He drove a team for his father four or five years and then entered the retail lumber business on Walnut Hills and also ran a feed store on the corner of the street, opposite Peeble's. After five years' experience in the lines named he removed to Pleasant Ridge and engaged in farming upon a place which his wife inherited from her father. In 1876 he built a beautiful residence in which he and his family have since resided. A number of years ago he retired from active labors and, although he has now passed his eighty-sixth year, he is as bright mentally as ever, reads without glasses and his physical strength is but little impaired. He was married to Miss Harriet Wood and they became the parents of seven children, Anna, Mary, Willis G., Louis Wood, H. P., John A., and Grace. The mother of these children died in 1876 and Mr. Durrell later married Miss Marietta T. Wood, a cousin of his first wife. One child, Camille, was born to this union. Mr. Durrell has never served in any public office except that of township trustee. He has ever since his early manhood been a member of the Presbyterian church, which he and his first wife joined when they were married, and he has served as elder, trustee and treasurer in that denomination. He is a man of many genial characteristics and his excellent state of health may be ascribed to his agreeable disposition thr0ughout a long and useful life, in the course of which he has ably performed his part in advancing the welfare of the community. H. P. Durrell, whose name introduces this sketch, was educated in the public schools and the Hughes high school, later attending the Ohio State University. After leaving the university he went to Texas and engaged in civil engineering, but, having decided to enter professional life, matriculated at the Cincinnati Law School and was graduated with the degree of LL. B. in 1894. He has since engaged in the real-estate and promotion business, .one of the important enterprises which he has placed upon a substantial basis being the Pacific Italian Marble Company, of which he is now secretary. This company owns one of the most remarkable deposits of white marble in the world. It is located in Lower California and the quarries are now being opened upon an extensive scale. He is president of the Durrell Realty Company, which is developing the Grand View subdivision, transforming it into one of the most beautiful residence portions of the city. He is also identified with other important enterprises which are contributing to the permanency and prosperity of Cincinnati. Mr. Durrell was married to Miss Mary Megrue, a daughter of Enoch Megrue, who was for many years fire chief of this city. Unto them two children were born, Edith and Ruth. Mr. Durrell has never sought political office but he has served with great acceptance as president of the school board of Pleasant Ridge. Fraternally he is identified with Pleasant Ridge Lodge, No. 282, A. F. & A. M., CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 375 and he and his wife are members of the Pleasant Ridge Presbyterian church,. of which he is a generous supporter. Having possessed excellent advantages of education in his earlier years, he started in business life under highly favorable conditions. He has moved steadily forward and, as his work is of a constructive and enduring nature, he has accomplished a large amount of good for the city, the beneficial effects of which will be felt long after the present generation has passed away. RICHARD JOHNSTON TARVIN. For more than a third of a century Richard Johnston Tarvin was identified with the Stacey Manufacturing Company of Elmwood Place, Cincinnati, as its secretary and treasurer, filling those positions to the time of his death, which 'occurred November 29, 1911. During all the period named he was actively connected with the growth of the city and performed his part in bringing about the present condition of general prosperity. He was born in Cincinnati in 1840, a son of Samuel W. and Elizabeth ( Johnston) Tarvin. The father came to this city in 1832 from the northern part of Campbell county, Kentucky. He entered the ice business and later engaged in contracting and bricklaying. He died in Cincinnati in 1866, his wife having been called away in 1847. After receiving his education in the public schools R. J. Tarvin gained his introduction to business life as a collector. Later he was engaged for several years as head clerk on boats plying between Cincinnati and Memphis, on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. After retiring from that position he was connected with the Ohio & Mississippi Grain Elevator. In 1877, having gained a good general knowledge of business and acquired a reputation as a reliable and progressive man whose judgment could be depended upon in important affairs, he was appointed secretary and treasurer of the Stacey Manufacturing Company. This company was established in 1861 and gradually grew in importance, being. incorporated in 1880 with a capital stock of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Mr. Tarvin was one of the incorporators and was elected secretary and treasurer of the incorporation. The company is a very large concern and builds bridges and railway cars and also manufactures structural steel and iron, its field of operation extending over many states in the Union. Mr. Tarvin was in an important degree responsible for its growth and was known as one of the prominent men in this important and rapidly developing line of activity. In 1863, at Covington, Kentucky, he was married to Miss Emma Wiley and to them one child was born, W. W., who is now one of the leading physicians of Covington, in which city the wife and mother died in 1887. Mr. Tarvin was again married October 23, 1902, his second union being with Miss Kittie Storch, of Cincinnati, a daughter of Gustavus F. and Sarah E. (Kerr) Storch, pioneers of this city, her father having been brought here from Germany in infancy. Mr. Tarvin made his home in Covington from 1863 until 1903, a period of forty years, and at the end of that time moved to Walnut. Hills. For many years he was identified with the city's various philanthropic enterprises, being espe- 376 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY cially active in the work of the Associated Charities, and at a board meeting following his demise resolutions of regret and esteem were drafted and forwarded to his widow. He was a member of the Knights of Honor and the Methodist Episcopal church but the Golden Rule was the inspiration of his life work and few men gave more liberally of their means for the benefit of those less fortunate than themselves. For a quarter of a century he served as an officer and director of the Permanent Building & Loan Association of Covington. Mr. Tarvin passed the patriarchal age of three score and ten and almost to the day of his death enjoyed health and strength to a remarkable degree, being found each day in his accustomed place of business, discharging his duties with the celerity and ease of a man twenty years his junior. He was ever actuated by a spirit of progressiveness and was greatly esteemed as a substantial and useful member of the community. Death came to him as he would have had it come if he could have made the choice—that is, he remained an active factor in the world's work to the last and knew no period of uselessness and inactivity. He enjoyed the respect and good will of all with whom he came in contact and his sterling qualities at all times commended him to the confidence and regard of those with whom he was associated. MATTHEW BROWN FARRIN. Among those who entered upon the twentieth century as prominent factors in the activities that figure in the business development and substantial improvement of Cincinnati was Matthew B. Farrin. The extent and importance 0f his interests were such as to make him indeed a prominent factor in the life 0f the community and the value of his service in this connection is acknowledged by all. His efforts, however, were not limited in their scope or effect by the boundaries of the city in which he made his home. His labors were felt as a motive force in lumber circles throughout the country and he was a pioneer in various departments of the trade and the promoter of extensive and far-reaching activities, from which he not only derived personal benefit, but which were an element in general progress and prosperity. A native son of this city, he was born July 14, 1851, and the usual experiences of a youth in the middle of the nineteenth century were his. His boyhood was largely devoted to the acquirement of an education and after attending the public schools of Cincinnati and the Chickering nstitute he became a student in the military school at College Hill and also attended a similar institution at Dayton, Ohio. Then he entered business life, wherein the constantly broadening angle of his influence brought him at length in contact with many of the most important industrial, commercial and financial enterprises of the city that constitute the source of its business activity and prosperity. He made investment in one after another of the important business undertakings here and so sound was his judgment and keen his discrimination that his cooperation was constantly sought along those lines. He was president of The M. B. Farrin Lumber Company and of the Farrin-Korn Lumber Company and in those connections was the founder and promoter of Cincinnati's largest lumber concern. His connection with the lumber industry CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 379 began when he was eighteen years of age, at which time he became bookkeeper for John K. Green & Company, a lumber firm in which his father was interested. This brought him into direct connection with the trade in northern pine, of which product Cincinnati was then a large consumer. After three years' experience in Cincinnati Mr. Farrin went to Michigan and spent three years with one of the. leading lumber inspectors of that state, his training qualifying him to take up the work of inspecting lumber on his own account. Following his return to Cincinnati, in 1876, Mr. Farrin engaged in the lumber brokerage business and at the same time operated two small white-pine mills under the firm style of M. B. Farrin & Company. In a few years, when all the available timber was cut, the machinery of these mills was sold and Mr. Farrin enlarged his brokerage business to include wholesale and manufacturing departments. It was seemingly accident, however, that caused him to enter the latter field, f0r the failure of a firm which was indebted to him, made it necessary for him to take over the machinery of a box factory but; not liking that branch of the business, he soon converted the plant into a planing mill. In 1884 he removed. his business to Winton Place and since that time the Farrin lumber interests have constituted the most important business enterprise of that section. The seven acres of ground which he originally purchased soon proved inadequate and he bought adjoining property to accommodate his extensive mills, warehouses and yard. He was among the first to use poplar for finish and siding, introducing it to the wholesale trade. Between 1884 and 1889 he handled forty-four million feet of poplar, becoming one of the foremost representatives of that lumber in the country. He next extended the scope of his business to include hardwoods, particularly oak flooring, and each year saw an increase in his manufactured product and his sales, with a corresponding enlargement of his plant until it became one of the most extensive of the country. He was constantly seeking out new fields, as he greatly enjoyed pioneer work in the development of different branches of the lumber trade. He devoted a large capital to experiments in wood distillation, using methods previously untried. Thoroughness characterized all that he undertook and even in his business his love of beauty and orderliness were plainly manifest. He saw no reason why ideas of adornment should not be combined with utility in a business office, a sawmill, planing mill or even a lumber shed, and while all construction work was of the most substantial character, it also had added to it the elements of attractive architectural design. Most of his principal buildings at Winton Place were of fireproof construction, some of them entirely of reinforced concrete, and order and neatness prevailed throughout the entire plant. While Cincinnati was the headquarters of Mr. Farrin's business activity, he also had a poplar lumber manufactory at Valley View, Kentucky, operated under the name of the Southern Lumber & Boom Company, with a capacity of about one hundred thousand feet daily. n addition to his presidency of The B. Farrin Lumber Company he was likewise president of the Central Box Shook Company, a director of the Merchants National Bank and of the Ohio Cement Company. The wisdom of his judgment in business affairs was tested by the excellent results that followed the adoption. of his plans and projects. In trade circles Mr. Farrin was .accorded high official preferment, but cared nothing for such advancement in political life. n fact he continuously refused nomina- 380 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY tions which were tendered him in that connection. He enjoyed, however, association with his colleagues in the lumber trade and was the first president of the Lumbermen's Club of Cincinnati. n former years he had been president of the Manufacturers' Club and, in 1907, he was elected to the position of president of the National Oak Flooring Association. He was also a member of the Queen City Club and took an active part in its affairs. In 1874 Mr. Farrin was united in marriage to Miss Dora L. Lockman, daughter of William and Harriet (Murphy) Lockman, and unto them were born six daughters. The family residence is a fine home on Reading road, in Avondale. The last illness of Mr. Farrin was very brief, covering but three days, and on the 7th of September, 1908, he passed away. He was a lover of manly 0utdoor sports and all those interests which bring relaxation from the strenuous cares of business life that often make too close demand upon the time and energies of men, prominent in the business world. He attained high rank in Masonry, being a member of the Knight Templar Commandery, Cincinnati Consistory and the Mystic Shrine, and he was accorded many fraternal honors. He also held membership in the Avondale Presbyterian church. While success came to him in large measure, he did not stand aloof from his fellowmen with any feeling of superiority but met all on a common plane of universal brotherhood and found his friends, who were almost numberless, among the young and 0ld, rich and poor. The term friendship was to him no mere idle word but a recognition of the good in others and a genuine delight in their companionship because of his unfeigned interest in them. Such is the history of Matthew B. Farrin and the city has reason to be proud of him as one of her native sons and representative residents. Following his demise the American Lumberman, of September 12, 1908, wrote of him as "one of the most forceful, progressive, able and enlightened men in the hardwood industry of the United States. . . . Mr. Farrin had a broad view of the future. He was perhaps too progressive always to meet the approval of the slow and conservative ; consequently there were emergencies in the lumber business when Mr. Farrin would come forward with propositions that led some to say he was a dreamer. If that were so, his dreams were not illusions, for they came true. His own large measure of success, his almost inevitably correct provision, demonstrated his far-sightedness and the essential 'soundness of his theories, which when they were first promulgated seemed to some unsubstantial and visionary. . . . Though still in the prime of his powers, he had when he died reached the point, where his enthusiasms had been molded into convictions ; where his exuberant energy had been put under' the control of conservative judgment ; where his daring had been fortified by caution. He had come to well rounded success, which was measured not merely by wealth acquired, but by the fruits of developed character." The Lumber Trade Journal said : "Mr. Farrin was not an idealist; the bent of his mind and instincts was too practical for that, but he had a fancy f0r the esthetic of life, was fond of the beautiful and knew how to enjoy himself and to provide for the pleasures of others in whom he was interested. He was hospitable, reasonably generous and habitually suave and courteous. . . . He valued personal dignity and was wont to shrink from either indulging in or approving unbecoming or misplaced deportment anywhere. His favorite diversion was that of cruising on board a splendidly appointed launch in quiet waters and CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 381 he had only recently concluded such a cruise in a fine new boat he had but lately acquired. He had in his time visited the old world and was familiar with affairs generally. His judgment and opinions had accordingly been ripened to an extraordinary degree." The press throughout the country noted the passing of Matthew Farrin and spoke of him in words of praise, to which an active and honorable life well entitled him. Writing of his connection with those in his service, the St. Louis Lumberman said : "Mr. Farrin was a man who made each of his employes feel that he was close to him. He took them into his confidence, always willing to give wise counsel to them in business as well as in other matters. . . . His loss casts a gloom over every organization with which he has been identified." "He filled a place all his own," said the Lumber Journal. "Possessed of inherent and s0metimes seemingly contradictory characteristics, his personality was in ,some ways unique. Self-reliant at all points to a degree, at the same time he was ready to lend his personal services and money to the general advancement of the industry through cooperative efforts among its members, and he lent a large helping hand in civic affairs also. When he said, yes, to a business proposition, it was said in a way to warm its recipient. But he could, which is a still rarer quality, say, no, in a frank, straightforward manner that was ever void of sting or offense but conferred at least honor and respect. Briefly, he respected himself so much that he knew the greatest self-respect involved perfect regard for what was due to others. A man's man in all ways, men did not gain his favor by adventitious preferment but each on his own basis. He succeeded because he deserved success and deserved it by hard work, with brains and character to back it. His presence in the affairs of his well beloved Cincinnati, as well as in the lumber business of the entire country, will be sadly missed by a host of the best kind of people of all sorts and conditions ; for he was first a big man of affairs before being merely a man of big affairs, for all his facility of getting on in the w0rld. And one cannot honor him more than by saying that his greatest achievement is not the admitted financial success he attained but his success in character building, not only as exemplified in himself but in the many young men with whom he has constantly been surrounded and who have made their first start in the world of active business with him for their guide, friend, philosopher and wise counselor." T. H. NOONAN. T. H. Noonan is the general manager of the Continental Line and the Central States Despatch Fast Freight, with offices in the First National Bank building. He has occupied this position of responsibility since 1891 and is well known as a representative resident of Cincinnati. His birth occurred in Lockport, New York, in 1845, his parents being John A. and Mary Noonan, the former a merchant of that place. The Noonan family is of Irish origin but has long been established on the American continent. The father died in 1860 but the mother survived many years, passing away in 1896. Both lie buried in Chicago. 382 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY T. H. Noonan acquireLockckpreliminary education in Locport, New York, and afterward continued his studies in the pY0rk, schools of Buffalo, New York, and of Tiffin, Ohio. He afterward secured a clerkship in a general store and eventually became interested in the raic0nnectedness, becoming first connected with the Cincinnati, Sandusky & Cleveland line, which is now a part of the Big Four system. He continued in a clerical capacity in that railroad office for about three years; after which he became agent for the Evansville &Terre Haute Railroad. At length he resigned that position to become general agent of the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, which is now a part of the Baltimore & Ohio system. His connection with that position covered about six years, at the end of which time he was appointed division freight agent of the Baltimore & Ohio and continued to serve acceptably in that capacity for seventeen years. When he withdrew from that connection he took up the position of assistant general freight agent of the Big Four system and resigned to become general manager of the Continental Line and the Central States Despatch Fast Freight in 1891. He has now acted in that capacity for twenty-one years and has won recognition as a man of splendid executive ability and administrative force. His previous long experience in railway connections gave him knowledge that has been of the utmost benefit to him, and his initiative powers have enabled him to reach out along constantly broadening lines for the benefit and upbuilding of the company which he represents. At Tiffin, Ohio, on the 11th of October, 1871, Mr. Noonan was united in marriage to Miss Clara A. Buskirk, a daughter of Henry W. and Angeline Buskirk, both now deceased. Her father was at one time a wholesale grocer of that city. Mr. and Mrs. Noonan have two sons :Indianap0lis. graduate of the Indianapolis University ; and Dorsey Ray, who was a student in St. John's Military Academy, of Syracuse, New York. The family reside at No. 3885 Dakota avenue in Avondale. Mr. Noonan is a republican in politics but has never been an aspirant for public office. He belongs to the Queen City Club and the Business Men's Club and also to the Cincinnati Automobile Club. He attributes the success of his life to steady, hard work and at all times has added to his diligence and determination the courtesy of a gentleman. He is never too busy to be cordial nor too cordial to be busy, and in his life are even-balanced elements which have made him a strong and forceful factor in railway circles. A. H. MOORMANN. A. H. Moormann, now deceased, was well known for many years in the business circles of Cincinnati where he conducted a large undertaking establishment that is still carried on at the southeast corner of Fifth and Park streets. It was established by his uncle, F. H. Moormann, and latter the subject of this review became the head of the business. He was a native of Germany but in his boyhood days came to Cincinnati and soon afterward entered the employ of his uncle with whom he was associated for many years, succeeding to the ownership of the business at his uncle's death. A. H. Moormann then conducted the business for about fifty years, or until his death, which occurred in 1903, since which time his two sons, Fred K. and Gabriel K., have conducted the business CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 383 for their mother and are proving adequate to meet any emergency that may arise. A. H. Moormann was m:arried to .Miss Elizabeth Korte, who, was born at No. 822 Hathaway street, in Cincinnati, and still lives in the same house, her father having been Fred Korte, one of the well known early business men of this city. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Moormann were born five children, Fred K., Rose K., Gabriel K., Paul K. and Olivia K. A. H. Moormann was a member of the Knights of Columbus and was one of the 'first Cincinnati citizens to reach the fourth degree in that order. The family are all connected with the Roman Catholic church. Fred K. Moormann, the eldest son, was born in Cincinnati in 1881 and after attending the parochial schools continued his education in St. Xavier's College. He then learned the undertaking business with his father and was also graduated from Clarke's College of Embalming at Cincinnati, Ohio, in .1904. His brother, Gabriel K. Moormann, is likewise a graduate of that college. The two brothers carry on the business under their father's name and in addition to conducting an undertaking establishment they have an ambulance and also carry on a general livery business. Fred K. Moormann was married, in 1907, to Miss Louise Wellinghoff, and unto them have been born two children, Marie Louise .and Henry Frederick. Sterling personal worth has gained them many warm friends and they have a large circle of acquaintances in this city Where Mr. Moormann has spent his entire life. THE NEWELL RESTAURANT COMPANY. The Newell Restaurant Company is a modern business concern of Cincinnati which under competent and progressive management is making new friends every day and is recognized as one of the prominent institutions of the city. The business was established by Newell J. Lewis in 1906 at No. 28 East Sixth street. The enterprise has prospered from the beginning and since January. 1910, has been an incorporated organization. The company conducts five restaurants in various parts of the city, employs about ninety persons and furnishes meals for about thirty-five hundred patrons daily. The success of the company has been due in a great measure to the excellence of its service in all departments and the promptness with which orders are filled. No efforts are spared to meet every reasonable demand of the public and the results secured up to the present time are a prophecy of a yet larger increase in patronage in the immediate future. William Percy McCrone, general manager of the company, is a native of Mentor, Kentucky. He was born in 1883, a son of James and Irene (Nelson) McCr0ne. The father engaged for a number of years in the grocery business and is now living retired at Mentor. He is serving as justice of the peace and his religious belief is indicated by, membership in the Baptist church of which he is a deacon. He is also prominently identified with the Masonic order. 384 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY The son, William P. McCrone, received his early education in the public schools of his native town and then took a course in Nelson's Business College, of Cincinnati. After leaving school he became connected with the office of one of the tea and coffee houses of the city and also engaged as traveling salesman, gaining experiences which have assisted him greatly as a business manager. In 1910 he accepted the position of bookkeeper at the Newell restaurant. He soon demonstrated his ability and about a year after the incorporation of the company was chosen general manager. He gives his whole attention to the business and, being a man of fair dealing and clear judgment, he c0mmands the confidence of his associates and employes. In 1908 Mr. McCrone was married at Cincinnati to Miss Josephine Gillespie and they have one daughter, Dorothy Ruth. Mr. McCrone and his wife are valued members of the Ninth Street Baptist church. He is now serving as deacon of the church and was one of the youngest men ever elected to that office in this organization. He was unmarried at the time and was the only unmarried man that has ever occupied the office in the Ninth Street church. Mr. McCrone is held in high esteem by all with whom he has business or social relations and has won a measure of success that entitles him to recognition among the enterprising and progressive men of the community. Mrs. McCrone is greatly interested in Sunday school work. She is a teacher in the Sunday school and is also organist of the church. DIETRICH GRUEN. Dietrich Gruen, whose name introduces this sketch was born at Osthofen, Germany, in 1847, and learned watch. manufacturing under some of the ablest watchmakers of Europe. In 1866, being ambitious to take advantage of the best opportunities for advancement, he emigrated to America and located in Cincinnati. His career as a watch manufacturer dates from 1876 when he commenced the importation of parts, assembling them in his own establishment and selling the finished article on the American market. This process however had its disadvantages and thereupon the organized The Gruen Watch Manufacturing Company with a factory at Madretch, Switzerland, where movements were made and assembled and then shipped for distribution to the United States. It was not long, under his able management, until the Gruen watch was sold in the principal countries of the world and an extensive trade was established not only throughout the United States but in Europe and South America as well. In 1897 Mr. Gruen established a manufactory of solid gold cases at Cincinnati, thereby enabling him to place upon the market a complete watch which represented an important step forward in the evolution of the business as conducted in this country. In addition to being the pioneer watch manufacturer in Ohio, he was recognized as a world authority on horology by reason of his patents covering every phase of the development of the industry during the last half century. Among his latest achievements was the introduction of the Verithin model which is made through the unique arrangement of the train wheels of the watch and which represents the last word, in scientific watch building. He was a CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 385 quiet and unassuming man with many qualities that endeared him to all with whom he came in contact. He died April 10, 1911, from heart failure while aboard a steamer in the Mediterranean and his remains were brought to Spring Grove for interment. Upon his death the active management of his large manufacturing interests devolved upon Fred G. Gruen, as president and George J. Gruen, as secretary and treasurer. The former was educated in the mechanical engineering department at the Ohio State University and completed his technical course at the Royal Horological Institute at Glashuette, near Dresden, Germany, where he graduated with highest honors in 1893. He was married in this city to Miss Louise Fischer, in 1906, and to this union a daughter, Margaret, has been born. Mr. George J. Gruen is in active charge of the general offices of the company in this city and by his clear judgment and sterling qualities has won a position as one of the representative young business men of the community. He was married, in 1904, to Miss Emilie Thauwald and they have one son, George T. Gruen. ALEXANDER HILL. Alexander Hill, who throughout his entire life has been connected with the book business, figuring prominently for many years in this line in Cincinnati in connection with the Robert Clarke Company, of which he has served as a director and manager of the retail department, was born in this city in 1844, a son of Arthur and Matilda (Ramsden) Hill and a representative of good old English and Scotch stock, from whom he inherited characteristics that make for good citizenship and for progressiveness in business life. He attended the Cincinnati public schools and also learned many valuable lessons in the school of experience. Life has been to him constantly a training school in which his interests and activities have continually broadened. While a bookseller all his life, his course has been continually characterized by advancement and his efficiency and reliability were indicated by the fact that from the time when he first became connected with the Robert Clarke Company, in 1874, promotions came to him, advancing him from one position to another of larger responsibility. When the business was incorporated he was chosen one of the directors and made manager of the retail department—a fact which indicated his comprehensive knowledge of the trade as well as his executive ability. In that connection he continued until the dissolution of the company and for years was recognized as an authority upon anything connected with the book trade. His knowledge was never of a superficial order—a familiarity with titles alone and an understanding of the commercial side—but resulted from his deep delving into the contents of many volumes, bringing him a comprehensive understanding of the best literature throughout the ages. Therefore to consult Mr. Hill upon any v0lume was generally to gain an adequate idea of its contents and its scope. In 1881 Mr. Hill was united in marriage to Miss Harriet E. Evans, a daughter of John and Elizabeth Evans, and they became parents of two children, Alexander and Edith Ramsden. Mr. Hill has an interesting military chapter in his life record, although he was but twenty years of age when he enlisted for ser- 386 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY vice in the Civil war. His patriotic spirit was aroused and he joined the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being stationed at Fort McHenry. In Masonry he has attained high rank, having taken the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He is a member of the Literary Club of Cincinnati, the oldest club organization of the city, and has served as its president. As one of its active working members he has done much to further its interests and stimulate and promote love of the best literature among its members. While Mr. Hilf has ever ranked high in business circles, it has been his work, free from the spirit of commercialism, that has won him the high and enviable position which he occupies in the regard of his fellow townsmen, gaining for him the friendship of many of Cincinnati's most distinguished citizens. CAPTAIN L. H. PUMMILL. Captain Leonidas H. Pummill, a highly respected attorney of Cincinnati, gained his title in the defense of the Union in the Civil war. He was born in this city, February 16, 1845, a son of Colonel John and Judith A. Pummill. His father was a native of Ross county, Ohio and when but a lad came to Cincinnati when it ranked only as a town, and after growing to manhood became one of the pioneers in the manufacture of carriages. He also demonstrated his patri0tism when the flag was assailed, when, in response to the call of President Lincoln, he enlisted as a private in the Fifth Ohio Cavalry in 1861. He was shortly afterward, promoted to first sergeant, and while acting as such, at the battle of Shiloh, was brevetted first lieutenant on the field for gallantry and later received his commission, and thereafter was advanced through the successive grades until he reached the command of his regiment, in which capacity he brought the regiment home after the close of the war. He was a brave sand true-hearted man, and whether in the army or in private life held the esteem of his fellowmen. He died March 22, 1883, at the age of sixty-eight years. The subject of this sketch is descended from ancestry that came to this country from England, Scotland and Wales, long prior to the Revolution, and whose descendants took part in that glorious struggle. In this country men are measured by what they are and little attention is paid to ancestry—a sentiment that is more rapidly than we think gaining ground in the older civilizations; but nevertheless, one's origin is a subject of interest to his family and relati0ns, for whose benefit, therefore, a family tree is here outlined. On his father's side—Evan Davis emigrated from Wales to Georgia early in the eighteenth century. He had one child, Samuel, who, when about twenty years of age raised a company and marched to the defense of Savannah, Georgia, then being invested by the British during the Revolution. At the close 0f the war he married Miss Jane Cook, a South Carolina lady of Scotch-Irish descent, and settled near Augusta, where he served as clerk of the county court. About 1800 he removed to that part of Christian county, Kentucky, that now forms Todd county. He had nine children, the youngest of whom, Jeffers0n, who afterward became president of the Confederate States of America, was here born June 3, 1808. Samuel Davis was a small slave owner, belonging to the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 389 middle class of southerners. About 1809 he removed to Louisiana, where he settled on a medium sized plantation, and, together with his children, was not too proud to assist the negroes in its cultivation. Hezekiah Pummill married one of the sisters of Jefferson Davis, who, together with her brother Jacob, had emigrated to Ross county, Ohio, and located in or near New Salem. Here their son; Colonel John Pummill, was born January 14, 1815. On his mother's side, her father, Andrew Beatty, was born in what is now known as Perry county, Pennsylvania, about 1758, of parents of English ancestry. He enlisted as a private in a company raised by Captain Mathew McCoy for service in the Revolutionary war and afterward became a- captain. After the war he married Miss Judith Carter, of Carter county, Kentucky, of the family from which the county took its name, and settled on a farm in Highland c0unty, Ohio, where Judith A., the mother of the subject of this sketch, was born December 20, 1820. Leonidas H. Pummill attended the public schools of Cincinnati, and while at Woodward high school, during the early part of the Civil war, organized his grade into a military company, of which he was elected captain. On May 2, 1864, while yet a boy, possibly owing to inherited tendencies acquired from a patriotic ancestry, he enlisted as a private in Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, one of the regiments organized to serve one hundred days in pursuance of a call made by the president, and served at Point Lookout, Maryland, until discharged August 26, 1864, by reason of expiration of his term of service. On September 29 following, he enrolled in the One Hundred and Eighty-First Ohio Volunteer Infantry for the remainder of the war, in which regiment he quenched his boyish thirst for an active military career in real and hazardous service. He became a first lieutenant in Company A, a skirmishing company, and at the close of an arduous campaign through Tennessee, Alabama and North Carolina, in which he participated in several engagements, notably those around Decatur, Alabama, and Murfreesboro, Tennessee, he was promoted to captain, and after the close of the war was discharged at Salisbury, North Carolina, July 14, but continued in the service until July 29, 1865, when the regiment was paid off and disbanded at Camp Denison, Ohio. After returning home he began the study of law while out on the road as a salesman for a hardware house, taking his books with him for that purpose, and later matriculated in the Cincinnati Law. School, from which he graduated in 1871. He has since engaged alone in the general practice of the law, circumstances in later years having, however, forced him largely into the field of fire insurance law. A number of gentlemen, engaged in the fire insurance business, having called on him for a good plan of fire insurance, he suggested that the mutual protective fire insurance laws of Ohio were broad enough, if properly construed, to sustain a plan that would furnish the cheapest and most equitable insurance to the policy holder. They organized a company, and he was retained to draw the charter, form of policy, constitution, by-laws and contracts and other forms essential to the plan, he proposed, thereby becoming the originator of 'that form of mutual protective fire insurance requiring each policy holder to deposit with the association at the time the risk is written a sum equal to the current rates, as security for and in trust to pay assessments for expenses and losses, any Vol. IV-20 390 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY amount remaining after discharging these obligations to be returned to the policy holder, so that there would always be a fund available to meet these contingencies; whereas formerly no money was received upon the issuing of a policy, and such associations were wholly dependent upon making assessments upon and collections from. policy-holders to pay losses after they occurred. A costly method in practice and uncertain in results. Strange to say, the insurance department of Ohio conceived that this burst-ing from the dark ages and innovation upon old-time methods was unlawful. That it was a thing to be deplored, that a mutual protective fire insurance company should have funds on hand to meet its obligations as they matured, and brought a suit in quo warrant̊ to test the legality of the plan. He defeated the department in the lower courts and finally in the supreme court, and had the legality of his plan established, thus vindicating his judgment. Since then other companies have adopted his plan. He made no charge for his services and did not seek personal emolument but was actuated principally by a desire to place cooperative insurance on a cheap, safe and substantial basis. Politics being dis-tasteful to him, he has shunned political preferment, reserving to himself, how-ever, the sacred right of advocating his principles and giving them expression in the ballot box. In 1873, Captain Pummill was married, at Cincinnati, to Miss Louisa A. Cook, a daughter of Carter Cook, and they have one. child, Stanley C., who is a bank cashier. The captain was reared a Methodist, is a thirty-second degree Mason, his blue lodge home being Hoffner Lodge, of which, and Cumminsville Chapter, he has been a member for many years. A man of unimpeachable character and remarkably thorough knowledge of law and legal procedure, he has gained high stand-ing in his profession. His is no accidental success but it is the just reward of industry and perseverance. While other men were thinking of carrying out projects he has advanced them to completion. He has been scrupulously honorable in professional and private affairs and bears a reputation for integrity second to no other man in Cincinnati. LOUIS ALVIN KREIS. The Teutonic race has contributed generously to all lines of activity in America and descendants of German ancestry may be found in every community of importance in the United States, performing their full share toward the promotion of the comfort and happiness of their fellowmen. Louis Alvin Kreis of Cincinnati may be named as one of the worthy representatives of a German family which landed in the new world soon after the Revolutionary war. He was b0rn at Cincinnati April 6, 1875, a son of John A. and Emma (Schiff) Kreis. The father was born in this city August 10, 1848, and died February 22, 1908. He was for many years a member of the wholesale grocery firm of the Shinkle, Wilson & Kreis Company, one of the large mercantile concerns of the city, specializing in the importation of coffee, of which they were the largest importers west of New York. Of their children five are now living: John A., who is engaged in CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 391 the manufacture of automobiles at Detroit, Michigan; Louis Alvin; Emma, who resides in Cincinnati; and Bradford Shinkle and Stanley A., both of whom are students in college. Mr. Kreis, of this review, attended the public schools of Cincinnati and was graduated fr0m the Hughes high school in 1894. He pursued his studies further in the literary department of the University of Michigan; graduating in 1898 with the degree of B. L. He then entered the legal department of the same university and after pursuing the regular course was graduated, in 1901, with the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to practice in Ohio and has since continuously followed his profession in Cincinnati. He is a general practitioner and as he prepares his cases with great care, never being satisfied until he has examined all the authorities, he has won many victories in the courts although often pitted against veterans of long standing at the bar. Mr. Kreis on January I,' 1912, became a partner of the law firm of Bettinger, Guckenberger, Schmitt & Kreis, with offices in the Atlas Bank building, who are considered. one of the leading legal combinations of the city. In addition to his legal work he is interested in the mercantile business and has since his father's death served as secretary of the Shinkle, Wilson & Kreis Company, coffee importers and grocers, beginning his office, February, 1908. On the 6th of April, 1904, at Cincinnati, Mr. Kreis was married to Miss Clara Manss, a daughter of. Louis and Phillipine (Renner) Manss, both of whom were born in Germany. The father was a well known shoe merchant of this city and is now deceased. Mr. Kreis is a member of the Hamilton County Bar Association, the Chamber of Commerce and the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati. He is also connected with the Theta Delta Chi college fraternity and the Elberon Country Club, being a member of the board of governors of the last named organization. Politically he is in hearty sympathy with the principles of the republican party which he believes to be essential to the progress and permanency of the republic. He was reared in the Lutheran church and a valued member and supporter of the First English Lutheran church, on Race street. He has never been a seeker for the honors and emoluments of public office. His best energies have been expended in his profession or in building up business interests, and his high standing in the community is evidence that he has used good judgment and his efforts have not been in vain. He has never indulged in idle visions as he is aware of the world of reality which is all about him, and it has been his aim, since he reached manhood, to bring this world within the reach of practical realization, utilizing it in the promotion of the noblest and best purposes. That he has largely succeeded in accomplishing this ambition is the verdict of all who know him. JAMES JOHNSTON HOOKER. James Johnston Hooker, president of The Putnam-Hooker Company, has through0ut his entire business career been identified with the undertaking which now claims his attention and has developed one of the important commercial enterprises of the city, specializing in the sale of southern cotton goods. With a recognition of the 'fact that close application and indefatigable industry are salient 392 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY and indispensable features of success, he has labored along those lines and is now occupying an enviable and prominent position in the commercial circles of the city. Immediately after the Civil war he entered the field in which he has since operated, being at that time a young man who had not yet entered the twenties. He was born December 21, 1846, in Mount Carmel, Clermont county, Ohio. In 1820. his paternal grandmother, then a widow, crossed the Alleghany mountains from Winchester, Virginia, and settled in Belmont county, Ohio, accompanied by her four sons and two daughters. They afterward removed to Clermont county, where John James Hooker, the father of J. J. Hooker of this review, engaged in teaching. There he married Agnes Johnston, who is still living at the advanced age of eighty-six years. They became parents of twelve children, of whom James J. Hooker is the eldest. In the public schools of Cincinnati he pursued his education, eventually becoming a pupil in the Woodward high school, but at the outbreak of the Civil war, which occurred when he was but fourteen years of age, he followed his father, who was then a commissioned officer of the Ohio Volunteers, and enlisted as a drummer boy. During that year he saw service in the battle of Corinth, but on account of his extreme youth his mother secured his release fr0m the army. The fires of patriotism, in his breast, however, did not burn out and three years later he again enlisted in the 139th Ohio Regiment, with which he finished his term of service. Following his return home Mr. Hooker entered upon his commercial career in connection with the firm of B. T. Stone & Company and in 1867, when Mr. Stone organized and became the president of the Fourth National bank, he turned over his old business to Benjamin W. Putnam and James J. Hooker, who reorganized it under the name of Putnam, Hooker & Company, specializing in the sale of southern cotton goods. In 1902 the firm was incorporated and the name was changed to The Putnam-Hooker Company, Mr. Hooker becoming president, with Mr. Putnam as vice president. The business relations between these two have continued for forty-five years and have ever been of the most harmoni0us character. Their combined labors have resulted in the development of one of the large enterprises of this kind in the Ohio valley, their ramifying trade interests covering a wide territory. While success has attended his labors in this connection, Mr. Hooker has also extended his efforts into other fields, and other undertakings have profited by the stimulus of his activity and sagacity. He is now the president of The Reliance Textile & Dye Works Company and vice president of the Argonaut Cotton Mill Company of Covington. He has done much to further and improve trade and business relations, being an active member of the Cincinnati Commercial Club since its organization in 1880 and its president in 1903-4. He is also an effective and resultant worker in the Receivers & Shippers Association, of which he was president for several terms. For many years he has been a member. of the Chamber of Commerce and his cooperation has extended to still other fields in which educative and humanitarian interests are paramount. At the present writing, in 1912, he is one of the trustees of the University of Cincinnati and has served as trustee of the Ohio State Asylum for Imbecile Youth. He is one of the trustees of the American Asiatic Society and he belongs to the Business Men's, the Queen City and the Hamilton County Golf Clubs. His religious faith is that of the Episcopal church. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 393 In 1869 Mr. Hooker was married to Miss 'Mary Elizabeth McComas, daughter of Richard T. McComas, and their family now numbers six living children. Mr. Hooker has practically spent his entire life in Cincinnati and his name has been inseparably interwoven with its commercial history for almost a half century. He has ever been actuated by a spirit of advancement which has not only been manifest in his business connections but in other relations of life which touch the general interests of society. There are in him the strong and sterling qualities of noble, upright manhood and the recognition not only of one's opportunities but of 0ne's responsibilities in life. ANDREAS E. BURKHARDT. Andreas E. Burkhardt, one of Cincinnati's most prosperous and progressive merchants, is president of The Burkhardt Brothers Company, located at Nos. 8, t0 and 12 East Fourth avenue, which is unquestionably the leading store devoted to the general outfitting of men in this section of the west. Andreas E. Burkhardt was born on the 19th of December, 1871, his father, Adam Edward Burkhardt, the pioneer fur merchant of the west, having been a native of southern Bavaria, from whence he came to Cincinnati with his parents at the age of eight years. Since early manhood the elder Burkhardt has been successfully engaged in the retail and wholesale fur, business, as well as the exporting and importing of raw fur skins, in Cincinnati. His wife, who is a native of this city, bore the maiden name of Emma Erkenbrecker, being a daughter of the late Andrew Erkenbrecker, who was the greatest starch manufacturer, on an individual scale, that America has known. Mr. Erkenbrecker was the founder of the Cincinnati Zo0logical Gardens, the city's most famous place of public instruction and amusement, and Adam E. Burkhardt, in later years, was the means of saving the gardens from abandonment. Five children, Andreas E. Burkhardt, who is the subject of this sketch ; Cornelius A., at the present time* a resident of Chicago; Carl R., who is now connected with the Burkhardt Brothers Company ; Webster Blaine, who is in business 'with his father; and Beatrice Burkhardt, the only daughter, comprise the family which emanated from this matrimonial allegiance of Adam E. Burkhardt and Emma Erkenbrecker. Adam E. Burkhardt's great-grandfather was a lieutenant under Napoleon (luring the disastrous Russian campaign, when an army of one hundred and twenty thousand men, leaving Moscow, arrived at Beresina, a mere remnant of twenty-five thousand fighting men from the original force. The Order of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor was 'conferred upon this ancestor of the Burkhardts for the valor he displayed during this most trying period in the career of "the Great Conqueror." Andreas E. Burkhardt obtained his first education in the public schools of Cincinnati, later attended a preparatory school and then, after a preliminary course at Princeton, became associated with his father in business in 1890. In 1896, together with his mother and brother, C. R. Burkhardt, he initiated the idea of a men's furnishing store that would out-class anything of the kind which 394 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Cincinnati had ever before known. The new business was begun in that year, and from this time onward not a day has elapsed which has not witnessed some growth and improvement in the establishment. More than sixty people are employed by the concern, and the name "Burkhardt Brothers" on hats, clothing, neckwear and every other necessity in the outfitting of men, is universally considered to be .a guarantee of impeccable quality. On the 26th of March, 1895, Mr. Burkhardt was united in marriage with Miss Mabel Irving, a native of Detroit, Michigan, and a daughter of Colonel Mark E. Irving, who is now retired from active business.. Colonel Irving served throughout the entire period of the Civil war with much honor, receiving the highest praise of Generals Grant and Thomas and having been the recipient of their personal friendship until their very last days. Mr. and Mrs. Andreas E. Burkhardt have one daughter, Virginia, now in her fifteenth year. Besides being president of the Burkhardt Brothers Company, Andreas Burkhardt is a director of the German National Bank, is vice president of the Gibson Hotel Company, a member of the Benevolent and. Protective Order of Elks, of the Queen City Club, of the Business Men's Club, of the Laughery Club and a Mason of long standing and high degree. REES E. McDUFFIE. Rees E. McDuffie is the president and general manager of The Price Hill Inclined Plane Railroad Company and as such is an active and energetic business man, well qualified for the responsible and onerous duties that devolve upon him in the management and control of the line. He is a grandson of Col0nel Rees E. Price, who was the owner of the company, which was organized July 14; 1879. Business was conducted under company control until 1884, when it was incorporated under its present name. The Price ,Hill ncline was started in 1872 and completed in 1879, the money for its building being furnished by Colonel Rees E. Price, but the work was carried on by his son William Price. It is the highest inclined plane in the city and opened up for settlement a large district which eventually became covered with fine houses. Colonel Rees E. Price was a native of England and came to America with his parents in 1791, when but a young boy. His father, Evan Price, built the first or second brick house erected in Cincinnati. The journey westward was made by the family across the mountains from Philadelphia to Wheeling and thence down the river on a flatboat. Evan Price and his wife often made trips across the mountains on horseback to Philadelphia in order to buy goods, for he was then proprietor of a store and was one of the earliest merchants in this city. He traded with the Indians who were then numerous in this part of the country and through the careful management of his commercial interests at length became well-to-do. Colonel Price spent much of his youth in Cincinnati when it was a small town on the western frontier. After his father's death he began the manufacture of brick. John Thomas McDuffie, the father of our subject, was born in Washington, D. C., and died during the early boyhood of him whose name introduces this CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 395 review. He came to Cincinnati about 1852 and was educated as a physician but died in early life, being killed in a railroad accident in 1858. He married Miss Mary A. Price, a daughter of Colonel Rees E. Price, and to them were born two children : Rees E., whose birth occurred May 2, 1854; and George T., who was born May 21, 1856, and is now a resident of Cincinnati. The mother was a member 0f the Presbyterian church and was widely known for her social graces and hospitality as well as by reason of the fact that she belonged to one of the prominent pioneer families of this city. Rees E. McDuffie supplemented his public-school training by a course of study in Chickering Academy and also in the. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, of Troy, New York. He took up the profession of civil engineering- and when fully qualified by thorough preparatory training, he became connected with the incline railroad and is now president and general manager of the company, of which his brother is secretary and treasurer. In 1882 Rees E. McDuffie was united in marriage to Miss Lucy. G. Oliver, a daughter 0f Hon. M. W. Oliver, judge of the supreme court, of Cincinnati. George T. McDuffie married Ella B. Oliver, also a daughter of 'Hon. M. W. Oliver and they have one son, Roy, born in 1895. The brothers are both members of the Price Hill Business Men's Club and the Cuvier Press Club and Rees E. is identified with the Chi Phi fraternity. He and his wife attend the Presbyterian church, of which she is a member. Rees E. McDuffie brought to the starting point of his business career a thorough preparatory training, and has displayed a special aptitude in applying scientific knowledge to the demands of a practical, workaday world. He has so systematized and managed his business affairs, that efficient and admirable service has been given to the public and upon the interests and control of the line he concentrates his energies and attention. STEPHEN D. BALDWIN. One of the recently organized and successfully established enterprises of Cincinnati is The Cincinnati Rubber Manufacturing Company, of which Stephen D. Baldwin was one of the organizers as well as the treasurer and general manager. He was born in Blanchester, Clinton county, Ohio, on the 30th of January, 1863, and is a son of J. B. and Clorinda Baldwin. The father was also a native of Ohio, being born, reared and educated in Clinton county, and he was engaged in the general mercantile and agricultural implement business until his demise in 1898. The first nineteen years of his life Stephen D. Baldwin spent in the paternal home in his native town, whose schools he attended in the acquirement of his education until 1882. He then came to Cincinnati and took a two months' business course in a commercial college, following which he obtained a position as bookkeeper in the Cincinnati office of the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Company, of Akron, Ohio. They were engaged in the manufacture of parts for agricultural implements and had branch houses all through the United States. Later Mr. Baldwin was promoted to the position of cashier and assistant man- 396 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY ager, in which capacity he -rendered such efficient service that he was made manager of all branch houses east of the Mississippi.. He continued to be identified with the company in this latter capacity until 1905, at which time he withdrew to organize The. Cincinnati Rubber Manufacturing Company. This enterprise has proven to be a most successful venture, the company numbering among its forty stockholders some of the best known and leading business men of the city. They engage in the manufacture of mechanical rubber goods, hose, belting and packings, and specially moulded articles, etc., and are the only enterprise of the kind in this section of the country. Their factory contains two acres of floor space, is well equipped and thoroughly modern in all of its appointments. In the arrangement of the building convenience and facilitation were taken into consideration, also the ease and comfort of the employes, the result being that they have the most thoroughly modern rubber factory in the United. States. To the capable supervision, competent direction and keen business sagacity of Mr. Baldwin must be attributed much of the credit for the success of this company, the development of whose business has been almost phenomenal. It is but six years since the organization of the company, yet they are shipping their goods throughout the United States and to many foreign countries, having a well organized foreign as well as domestic sales department. On the 25th of January, 1887, Mr. Baldwin was united in marriage in Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio, to Miss Mary Fee. One son, has been born of this union, Stowe D., who is now twenty-three years of age and is associated with his father in business. Fraternally Mr. Baldwin is identified with the Masonic order; being a member of the Avon Lodge, Kilwinning Chapter and the Cincinnati Commandery. He has always been an active member of the Business Men's Club and twice elected to the board of directors and has held the office of vice president. The success he has made and the position he has attained in the regard of the business men with whom he has been associated must be attributed to his ability to concentrate every power and energy upon the development of whatever he undertakes, which is the secret of success in any vocation; GOTTLIEB MUHLHAUSER. In the death of Gottlieb Muhlhauser, who passed out of life on February 9, 1905, Cincinnati lost one of her prominent pioneer business men and most highly valued citizens. He was born at Muggendorf, Bavaria, Germany, January 24, 1836, and came to America with his father, Frederick Muhlhauser, in 1840. The family settled on a farm at Portsmouth, Ohio. In 1845 they removed to Cincinnati, where the father engaged in the grocery business on Hamilton road, now McMicken avenue, near Elm street. In 1849, upon the death of his father, Gottlieb, who was the oldest of the children, was compelled at the age of thirteen years to give up school ,and go to work to aid in the support of the family. He secured employment first in a pottery at a dollar and a half per week and later was employed by a mineral water manufacturer, becoming foreman of the plant when sixteen years of age. In 1854, when eighteen years old, having saved the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 399 sum of ninety dollars, he embarked in the mineral water business on his own account. His limitless energy and capacity for work which later brought its well-earned reward, was early shown in this, his first. enterprise, the business growing so rapidly that in 1855 he established a branch at Chillicothe, Ohio, and in 1857 another at Hamilton. In 1858 he erected a mill for crushing malt and in the same year he built a steam flouring mill of two hundred barrels capacity, the plans of which he -designed himself. In 1861 he took his brother Henry into partnership. They did a large trade in supplying the government with flour during the Civil war. Mr. Muhlhauser was incapacitated by a gunshot wound from serving with the troops during that conflict, but his patriotism was shown by his contributions and he was an important factor in supplying provisions to the Home Guards when defending Cincinnati from threatened invasion from the south. In 1865 he purchased the ground upon which the plant of the Windisch-Muhlhauser Brewing Company is now located. During the war this site was occupied by the Ashcraft foundry for the manufacture of cannon balls for the. government. In 1866 he associated himself with his brother Henry and his brother-in-law, Conrad Windisch, in organizing the Lion Brewery. This same year they made their first brew. From the beginning the business succeeded and grew to large proportions until it became one of the foremost breweries of the city. In 1882 the company was reorganized into a stock company with a paid up capital of one million dollars and its name changed to the Windisch-Muhlhauser Brewing Company. Mr. Muhlhauser was elected president and still continued as general manager of the business. He was an extremely resourceful man and was always in search of and ever ready to adopt any new device that would increase the efficiency of the plant or the excellence of its product. He was one of the first to introduce ice machines and his example was soon followed by other breweries. In 1857 Mr. Muhlhauser was married to Miss Christina Windisch, a daughter 0f John Ulrich Windisch,. of Eggloffstein, Bavaria, and sister of Conrad Windisch. To this union were born six children, of whom five are living, as follows : Henry Muhlhauser, Jr., a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this work; Matilda, wife of J. Edward Lapp ; Catherine V., wife of Dr. Alfred Heinemann; Mary A., wife of Edward Muhlberg; and Edward C. Muhlhauser, a sketch of whom is on another page. Mr. Muhlhauser died February 9, 1905, after a lingering illness. His widow still survives him and is living at their beautiful h0me at 205 East Auburn avenue. Mr. Muhlhauser was essentially a self-made man and his success was due to th0se characteristic attributes of his German ancestry—honesty, energy, ambition, tenacity of purpose and other admirable qualities, which he possessed in a very marked degree. He was of a kind and genial disposition which won him the esteem and admiration of many friends, and the summing up of his life is most fittingly expressed in a set of resolutions passed by the Cincinnati Chamber 0f Commerce at his death and from which is extracted the following: "In the year 1869 he became a member of the Chamber of Commerce and while the last few years he was not regular in attendance at the daily sessions on account of his feeble health, yet he had many dear friends among the membership. Mr. Muhlhauser had many good qualities—the prompt fulfillment of