450 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN :CITY nati as city electrician to complete the unexpired term of Mr. Jones, forme city electrician, who was recommended by Mr. Pfiester and who had resigned. Mr. Pfiester occupied the position for the rest of the term. This appointment was made by a democratic board, in spite of the fact that Mr. Pfiester was a pronounced republican and in recognition of the fact, that he was perfectly equipped through knowledge and experience for the position. Mr. Pfiester has not devoted his entire attention to Cincinnati, for his engineering work has called him to Chattanooga, Tennessee.; Peoria, Illinois ; York city ; and other places. He also installed the new fire-alarm and po telephone system and underground cables connected with the systems at Dayton, Ohio, at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars. Following the death o M. B. Farrin, on the 7th of September, 1908, he was compelled to concentrate his undivided attention upon the interests of the M. B. Farrin Lumber Company, which is located at Winton Place, Cincinnati, and the Southern Lumber & Boom Company located at Valley View, Kentucky, of both of which he is the president. The interests of these two' companies are most extensive. Mr. Pfiester was a director of the Farrin-Korn Lumber Company and be came its president January '30, 1912, and shortly after merged this company with the M. B. Farrin Lumber Company. The' planing mill plants and yards of the M. B. Farrin Lumber Company and the sawmill plant and yards of the Southern Lumber & Boom Company are splendidly equipped and hundreds o workmen are employed. The Cincinnati establishment constitutes one of the largest industrial concerns of the city. The other officers of the M. B. Farrin-Lumber Company are William J. Eckman, vice president, and A. L. Metcalfe, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Pfiester is a stalwart advocate of republican principles in national an state affairs but at local elections supports the candidate whom he considers best qualified for the office. He led the Stamina League to Washington as their commander at the time the the inauguration of President McKinley and sought in every honorable way the success of his party, but while he is still loyal to its principles, his business affairs allow no active participation in its work. He has an interesting military chapter in his life history, covering nine years' connection with the Ohio National Guard. He enlisted as a private and won, his promotion step by step until he was commissioned a first lieutenant, and at the time of the Spanish-American war volunteered for service, retaining his rank as first lieutenant of the First Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered out at the close of the campaign with an enviable record and while in the service was appointed brigade commissary in the Seventh Army Corps under General Lee. He also served on the general court martial, appointed to sit in session at Port Tampa, Florida, during the summer of 1898. He is now a member of the Naval and Military Order of the Spanish-American War; which draws its membership from the army and navy officers, who saw service during the contest with Spain. Mr. Pfiester Was married in Wyoming, Ohio, on the ;gist of October, 1902, to Miss Ella Farrin, a daughter of the late M. B. Farrin. In his wife Mr. Pfiester has indeed found a true helpmate, for in her are combined the loyal comrade and the wise counselor, and to her ready sympathy and assistance in all of his interests he attributes much of his success in life. He belongs to CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 451 the Queen City Club, Automobile, Business Men's and Cincinnati Gun Clubs, and is very enthusiastic as a member of the Automobile and Gun Clubs, which indicate the nature of his recreation. He is an active member of the Avondale Presbyterian church. His work has ever been of a character that has contrib, uted to the welfare and interest of Cincinnati as well as to individual success. Few men are more prominent or more widely known in Cincinnati. He has been an important factor in business circles and his prosperity is well deserved, as in him are embraced the characteristics of unbending integrity, unabating energy and industry that never flags. C. E. PAGE. Few men in Cincinnati have more numerous business connections or more varied financial interests than has C. E. Page of Page & Hill, bankers and brokers. Through indefatigable industry, good judgment and an undeniable genius for organization he has advanced toward his goal from the very beginning of his career, never halting nor slipping back, but always moving steadily forward. Thus with the experience of each added year he has found the goal nearer. his reach and is now crowned with the success that belongs to earnest endeavor and faithful recognition of duty. C. E. Page was born in Adams, Tefferson county, New York, in 1852. He is a son of B. L. and Angeline (Halley) Page, his mother being a sister of Marietta Halley, who achieved distinction and fame as the author of "Josiah Allen's Wife," and other books. Reared on a farm in his native state, C. E. Page was trained in his youth to habits of thrift and industry. At eighteen years of age he entered a country store at Bellevue, New York, where he served as a general clerk. Not long after the telegraph office of the town was about to be closed because of the inability on the part of the Western Union to find a satisfactory manager, young Mr. Page was suggested as the kind of timber of which the company was in: search, and thereupon the latter agreed to teach him telegraphy, sending a man to Bellevue for this purpose. He proved a very apt pupil and in four months was prepared to take charge of the local telegraph office. In those days the messages were received on a tape. He was connected with the 'Western Union Telegraph Company for twenty years, coming to Cincinnati, in their employ, in 1879, and here took charge of the old American Union Telegraph Company's office. TWo years later he was made manager of the Western Union Telegraph Company. After a faithful service of two decades he resigned his position with the telegraph company and went to Europe, traveling extensively for rest and recreation. On his return he established, in 1904, in partnership with Alfred Hill, the brokerage firm, of which he is now the manager. The company is an important one in financial circles in Cincinnati and has had a seat: on the stock exchange ever since its inception. His natural talent for organiza tion exhibited itself from his earliest years and during his connection with the Western Union Telegraph Company he was the chief factor in organizing a number of companies, some of these being the old National Automatic Fire Alarm Systems, of Cincinnati and Cleveland, in which companies he was an 452 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY officer and director. He also organized the Ohio Messenger and Telegraph Company, being a director and officer of the company, and during his connection with the same developed it to a very prosperous degree. He also organized the National Automatic Fire Alarm System,. of Chicago, becoming a director and officer of the same, and cooperated in the organization of the Overman & Schrader Cordage Company, of Covington, of which he became vice president. He is financially interested in a number of other business enterprises, being a director of the Hotel Gibson, of the K. C. Hedges Company of Chattanooga, Tennessee, and of the Norwood National Bank. He was formerly a president of the Norwood Building & Loan Company, one of the largest concerns of its kind in Hamilton county, and held this office for a period of twenty-two years. He was also for a long time a president of the Walnut Hills District Telegraph Company. Ever watchful of fluctuating business conditions, he has availed himself of every opportunity and has advanced entirely through his own executive ability. Mr. Page was united in marriage to Miss Alice Carey Jones, a daughter of Robert Jones, of Cincinnati, who founded the Robert Jones Boiler Works. One child was born of this union, Ethel, the wife of William L. Doeppe. Mr. Page holds membership in the Automobile Club of Cincinnati and in the Business Men's Club and is as favorably regarded in social circles as he is esteemed by his associates in the business world. THEODORE C. JUNG. Theodore C. Jung, who has been engaged in the practice of law at Cincinnati for eight years past, was born at New Bremen, Auglaize county, Ohio, December 15, 1876, a son of Henry F. Jung, a well known live-stock dealer of New Bremen. He received his early education in the public schools of his native town and at fourteen years of age entered a German academy at Chicago, in which lie continued for three years. He then matriculated at Oberlin College, graduating with high credit with the degree of A. B. in 1898. After leaving college he engaged for two years in the live-stock business with the firm of Huenke & Jung. However, he had determined to devote his life to the legal profession and accordingly he entered the Cincinnati Law School and after pursuing the regular course in that well known institution, was graduated as one of the honor men in 1903 with the degree of LL.B. He at once began practice at Cincinnati and for the first four years was associated with A. H. Bode, since that time being identified with the firm of Robertson & Buchwalter. From the start lie has been moving steadily forward and has met with gratifying success in a vocation in which competition is keen, but true worth gains merited recognition. Professionally Mr. Jung holds membership in the Cincinnati Bar Association and takes an active interest in its meetings. In politics he is in hearty sympathy with the democracy, believing that its principles are in accordance with the best interests of a free people. Fraternally he holds membership in Humboldt Lodge No. 274, I. O. O. F., and has passed through the various chairs in that organization. He is identified with te German Evangelical church at CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 453 Liberty and Elm streets, of which he has been president since 1909, and also with the German Literary Club. Of a studious disposition, he is an untiring worker and leaves no stone unturned in becoming thoroughly acquainted with every detail of the law and its effect concerning any case with which he is connected. He is a good speaker, a safe and conscientious counselor, and few men of his age and experience at thiY bar have gained a more favorable standing or have a better outlook for a prosperous and useful future. JOSEPH L. LOGAN. Joseph L. Logan, who demonstrated his courage and love of liberty in his young manhood by serving faithfully in the Union army, has also proved his ability as a lawyer during a practice of thirty-five years at Cincinnati and is today one of the best known attorneys of the city. He was born on a farm near Rockville, Indiana, June 28, 1843, and is a son of Samuel McCampbell and Mary Helen (McMurtry) Logan. The father was one of the pioneer farmers of Parke county, Indiana, and spent the principal years of his life in that county. The progenitor of the family in America was James Logan, who came to this country as private secretary to William Penn. Descendants of this worthy ancestry moved to Virginia and subsequently to Kentucky, branching out from that state to various parts of the Union. The father of our subject died in 1877, at the age of seventy-five, and his wife passed away in 1844. They are both buried in a private cemetery on the Buchanan farm, in Parke county. Mr. Logan of this review received his preliminary education in the district schools. At the age of eighteen he responded to the call to arms of President Lincoln and became a member of the Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteers. He served in the Army of the West and was wounded at the last battle at Atlanta. He was highly efficient as a drillmaster and was honorably mustered out at the termination of his period of enlistment as corporal and drillmaster of the regiment. He had been offered a commission in the army but declined as he preferred to serve in the ranks. After preparing for college at the Waveland Collegiate Institute, in Montgomery county, Indiana, he matriculated at the University of Michigan, in 1866, and was graduated from that institution with the degree of B. A. in 1870. He then became principal of the Hagerstown (Ind.) high school, a position which he held for two years. He served in a similar capacity at Monticello, Indiana, and at Charleston, West Virginia. He next came to Cincinnati and accepted a position as teacher of Latin, Greek and history at the Chickering Institute. While serving in the latter capacity he pursued the study of law at the Cincinnati Law School, from which he was graduated with the degree of LL.B. in 1876. Immediately after receiving his diploma he was admitted to the bar and has ever since engaged in practice in this city, being well adapted for the arduous duties of the profession. He has met with an abundant measure of success and has gained more than local distinction as a practitioner. 454 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY On October 13, 1869, Mr. Logan was married at Remington, Indiana, to Miss Martha A. Patton, a daughter of Andrew D. Patton, who was a member of an old Kentucky family. Mr. and Mrs. Logan are the parents of one child, Cora Lee, who is engaged as a teacher in the public schools of this city. While at college Mr. Logan was a member of the College Independent Association and the Association of Owls. Later he became connected with the Loyal Legion. Politically he has ever since he arrived at voting age given his support to the republican party. He has by conscientious attention to his profession won high standing as a lawyer and has been instrumental in securing justice for many worthy clients. He has never been an office seeker, but has not shirked responsibility when his duty appeared plain, and may be rightly named as one of the patriotic and true-hearted men of the community. His influence has ever been exerted in behalf of the weaker members of society and in the promotion of the permanent interests of the state and nation. His office for twenty-eight years was in the Wiggins block, but in March, 1911, he moved from there and is now located in the Atlas National Bank building. THE BANKS FAMILY. The Banks family has long been represented in Ohio and its various members have figured prominently in connection with business, professional, social and public interests. The family is of Scotch origin and in the land of hills and heather the grandfather, John Banks, D.D., was born. He became a very active and influential member of the Scotch Presbyterian church and was the first professor of the Scotch Presbyterian Theological Seminary of Philadelphia and a professor in' the University of Pennsylvania and pastor of the Eighth Scotch Presbyterian church, Philadelphia. His son, Dr. William Y. Banks, was born in Philadelphia and took up the study of medicine in preparation for a life work. He became a prominent physician of Xenia, Ohio, where he practiced for many years, but two years before his death removed to Charleston, South Carolina, where his last days were passed. His professional skill was continually enriched by broad study and thorough research and all through bis life he kept abreast with the advancement made by the leading members of the medical fraternity. He was united in marriage. to Miss Mary A. Duncan, also a native of Pennsylvania, who came to Ohio with her father, John Duncan, who made the journey by wagon in 1812, settling in Greene county, where he followed the occupation of farming for many years. Eventually, however, he retired from general agricultural pursuits and lived in Xenia up to the time of his demise. He was regarded as one of the most honorable and highly respected residents of that city. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Banks were born three children. The two sons became closely identified with the business and professional interests of Cincinnati. One of these, John D. Banks, a student of Oxford College, completed his education in the Cincinnati Law School and became clerk of the board of public works and clerk of the board of review and secretary to Mayor Means. Later he served as secretary to Mayor Stevens and was close to both men in their man- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 455 agement of municipal affairs. His death occurred in 1892 when he had reached the age of fifty-five years. The other brother, William Y. Banks, was connected with the James H. Law Company for thirty-five years and was accorded a leading position in business circles of this city. Both were men of sterling worth and, like his brother, William Y. Banks passed away at the age of fifty-five years, his death occurring in 1903. The sister, Miss Frances M. Banks, has been a resident of Cincinnati since 186o, when the family came from Xenia, Greene county, Ohio, where her birth occurred, to this city. She is widely known in social circles and is a valued member of the Cincinnati Women's Club. She also belonged to the Cincinnati Pottery Club, Cincinnati Art School and literary clubs, and is active in the Presbyterian church. Her interests are thus varied and the thoroughness with which she accomplishes anything that she undertakes makes her cooperation a valued asset in both church and club work. HARRY F. TAYLOR. Thirty of the forty-three years of Harry F. Taylor's life have been devoted to commercial pursuits, during the greater portion of which time he has been connected with the wholesale shoe interests of Cincinnati, being at the present times sales manager and director of The Manss Shoe Manufacturing Company. Mr. Taylor was born in Fleming county, Kentucky, on the 6th of December, 1868, and is a son of George H. and Eliza (Thorton) Taylor. The father, who was also a native of Fleming county, his birth occurring in October, 1840, was an agriculturist and stockman, making a specialty of the buying and selling of horses. He passed away when at the prime of his business activities, being but forty-nine years of age at the time of his demise in 1889. Harry F. Taylor was reared on the homestead, acquiring his education in the public schools, which he attended until he was thirteen years of age. The !ad was strongly attracted to a mercantile career and being most desirous of beginning his vocation laid aside his school books in 1881 to become a clerk in a dry-goods store. In his first position he remained for two years, subsequently withdrawing and removing to Cincinnati, where he entered the employ of Hickman-Taylor & Company, wholesale shoe dealers, in the capacity of stock boy at five dollars per week. At the end of a year he left this company to become a salesman for H. M. Richardson & Company, also wholesale shoe dealers, with whom lie continued to be identified for eight years. He resigned his position at the expiration of that period to assume charge of the office of Val Duttenhofer Sons Company, shoe manufacturers, remaining in their service until 1906, when he accepted the offer of The Manss Shoe Manufacturing Company to become their sales manager and director; Mr. Taylor has been identified with the latter company for five years, during which time his efforts to build up the business of his department has met with most gratifying returns, the receipts of the firm for the past year having been greater than at any other period since the organization of the company. 456 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Mr. Taylor was married to Miss Hardin of this city in July, 1896, and they have become the parents of one child, Harry F., Jr., a lad of thirteen years, who is attending school. The family affiliate with the Protestant denomination, and his political support Mr. Taylor accords the men and measures of the republican party. During the period of his residence in the city Mr. Taylor has become well known among the shoe men, being recognized as one of the best in the business. SOL H. FREIBERG. Business claims a large share of the attention of most men, and individuals are usually rated by what they have accomplished in the business world and the method of its attainment. The man of well balanced capacity and powers, however, does not devote his attention exclusively to industrial, commercial or professional interests, holding that life means something beyond the mere acquirement of a competence or of wealth. Mr. Freiberg is numbered with those whose interests have reached beyond the mere field of commerce, although he is well known in Cincinnati as a distiller and wholesale dealer in whiskeys, conducting business under the firm name of Sig & Sol H. Freiberg, at Nos. 424 and 426 West Fourth street. Theirs is one of the largest and most substantial concerns of its kind in Cincinnati. The partners are brothers—Sigmund and Sol H. Freiberg—who established this business in 1898. It has grown phenomenally through their own efforts and their trade now extends over the entire United States, selling to large dealers. Both brothers are natives of Cincinnati, Ohio, the former having been born here in 1866 and the latter in 1870. Their father, Henry Freiberg, was a native of Rhenish Bavaria and there was reared and married. On leaving his native country he sailed for the new world and arrived in Cincinnati in the early '60s. He had previously learned the distilling business and also the tanner's trail but after coming to America was never connected with the distilling business but gave his attention to tanning. He conducted the famous old tannery on Livingston street, which was one of the first tanneries in Cincinnati. Henry Freiberg retired in 1880 and remained a worthy resident of Cincinnati until his death in 1883. His sons, Sig and Sol H. Freiberg, were reared and educated in Cincinnati and are very enthusiastic in their support and advocacy of this city. At the age of sixteen years Sol H. Freiberg became connected with the liquor business, with which he has since been associated in different capacities. In 1898 the present firm began business on Main street and in 1904 removed to their present location on West Fourth street, occupying the entire building at Nos. 424 and 426, with six floors. They furnish employment to about fifty people and their business is continually growing in volume. They also own an interest in the old Peacock Distillery, located at Paris, Kentucky, which is the oldest one in that state, having been established about 1840. In 1894 Mr. Freiberg was united in marriage to Miss Helen Lowenstein, a daughter of Nathan and Sarah (David) Lowenstein, of Jackson, Ohio, where CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 459 her father was engaged in the wholesale grocery business. He served throughout the war of the rebellion, enlisting in 1861 in the Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, under General McCook, and was mustered out at the close of hostilities in 1865. He died in 1900. Mrs. Freiberg was reared and educated in Cincinnati, where she made her home with her uncle, B. Kahn, a prominent wholesale grocer of this city. To our subject and his wife has been born a son, Henry B., who is now seventeen years of age and is a graduate of the Franklin school. Mr. Freiberg is a member of various fraternities and is also connected with the Civic and Commercial Clubs and the Improvement Association. Both he and his brother have toured Europe and have traveled extensively in the United States, both being gentlemen of liberal culture, broad-minded and intelligent. CHARLES HENRY DOMHOFF. There is a large class of American citizens who deserve honor because of the prosperity they enjoy as a result of well-directed, persistent industry and business integrity, but much more do they deserve honor when, in the midst of their business careers, they are cognizant of their duties to their fellowmen and take time amid onerous, industrial and commercial activities to help those to advance who prove meritorious. Mr. Domhoff is entitled to recognition both as a manufacturer and as a public-spirited citzen in aiding his fellowmen. .He was born in 1853 in Cincinnati, and is a son of John Henry and Christine (Meyer) Domhoff. The father was born and reared in Germany, but in 1846, when he was twenty-one years of age, he came to America, locating in Cincinnati. Throughout his active career he was a carpenter. His death occurred in this city in 1879. The mother also was a native of Germany and resided there until her parents left the fatherland with their family and took up their residence in Cincinnati. Of the children born to their union four grew to maturity, Charles H. being the eldest of these. In the public schools of Cincinnati Mr. Domhoff acquired his education. When he was sixteen years of age he laid aside his text-books and accepted employment with Augustus Wessel. Two years later, in March, 1871, he obtained a minor position with Addy. Hull & Company, then located at Vine and Water streets. At that time the firm was extensively engaged as manufacturers of cotton and were beginning to deal in pig iron. This latter division of their work developed so rapidly that because of its extent the firm discontinued its cotton connections. In 1876, after Mr. Hull's death, the firm became known under the name of Matthew Addy & company. Three years later, after Mr. Domhoff had filled the various positions from clerk to cashier, winning each promotion as rapidly as his ability asserted itself, Mr. Addy gave Mr. Domhoff a junior interest which was increased as the business developed through Mr. Domhoff's efforts. He remained a partner, working harmoniously with the other directors of the concern until 1894, when he retired. Much of the expansion of the business of Matthew Addy & Company is due to Mr. Domhoff's marked business enterprise, carrying to successful completion whatever he undertook. He carefully systematized the business interests so there was no need- 460 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY less expenditure of time or energy, and throughout his connection with the firm sustained an unassailable reputation for business probity. About eighteen months after his retirement he was one of the incorporators of the Domhoff & Joyce Company, a corporation composed of Charles H. Domhoff, Thomas J. Joyce and John Sargeant. Mr. Domhoff was president of the company until about three years ago when he retired. More recently Mr. Joyce also has retired. The business of this firm was handling pig iron and coke in large tonnage, and at present it is one of the largest concerns of that kind in Cincinnati. Mr. Domhoff was married in Cincinnati to Miss Louise Ehlerding, who is a daughter of Edward Ehlerding, and who was educated in the schools of this city. To their union two daughters have been born, Jessie and Louise. While it is urged with some truth that rapidly rising businessmen claim to have little time for' the promotion of others, Charles H. Domhoff is a notable exception to the rule. Few men have realized more fully the responsibilities of their position or have so adequately met their obligation in this connection. His recognition of the ability of others and their subsequent promotion was not from a sense of duty but because it has always been a genuine pleasure for him to assist his fellowmen. He is a man of the highest and purest character, genial in disposition, unobtrusive and unassuming and yet possessing ability which places him prominent in social and business circles. WARD BALDWIN. Ward Baldwin, consulting engineer, has been identified with some of the chief engineering projects of Cincinnati in the period from 1880 to the present time, although since 1900 he has confined his attention exclusively to the work of consulting engineer. With constantly expanding ability his labors have become increasingly important and he stands today as one Of the prominent representatives of his profession in Ohio. His work in the erection of the great auditorium in which the international meeting of the Saengerfest societies of the world was held will never be forgotten, proving him to be a public-spirited citizen who took great pride in carrying forward to successful completion an undertaking which at one time seemed threatened with disaster. He has lived in Cincinnati since 186o, although a native of Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, his birth having there occurred on the 30th of March, 1856. His father, Henry Walter Baldwin, brought the family to Ohio in 186o but died soon afterward in Chicago. The mother, Mrs. Esther Ann (Van Ausdel) Baldwin, continued to reside in this city until her demise in 1883. As a pupil in the public schools Ward Baldwin pursued his course through the intermediate grades to the Hughes high school and spent his last year of school work at Worcester, Massachusetts, being there graduated with the class of 1875. He then returned to this city and entered the University of Cincinnati, being graduated therefrom in 1879 with the degree of Civil Engineer. In 1880 he pursued a post-graduate course and was graduated as Master of Science in mathematics. In the. fall of the same year he became teacher of mathematics and civil engineering, filling the position of Professor Henry Turner Eddy, who   CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 461 had gone abroad for a year. Following the return of Professor Eddy, Mr. Baldwin entered the service of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad as principal assistant in the engineering department. He remained with that railroad until 1891, when he was elected to the chair of engineering in the University of Cincinnati. In 1881 he had been appointed a trustee of the University of Cincinnati, which position he filled for ten years or until 1891, resigning when he became professor of engineering. Too much credit cannot be given Mr. Baldwin for his efficient work in connection with the university. He has long been a loyal supporter thereof and an active factor in furthering its interests and no man has more ably assisted the institution with time, energy and brains. He was chairman of the committee appointed from the board of trustees, of which he was a member, to secure a grant from the city for a site in Burnett Woods for the location of the university buildings. This work was successfully accomplished by the committee and in order to hold the grant and comply with the technicalities it was necessary to at once begin the erection of a building, which Mr. Baldwin did. The result of his enterprising efforts in this connection is now evidenced in the beautiful structures which constitute a part of the University of Cincinnati. The grant was held and now constitutes the present site of the university. Mr. Baldwin was also one of the organizers and the first president of the Endowment Fund Association, incorporated under the laws of Ohio and originally composed of the alumni of the university but now including in its membership many influential citizens. This associaton was formed for the purpose of receiving and administrating bequests of the university from persons preferring to have their gifts placed in the care of a private corporation and also for the purpose of encouraging endowments that might eventually relieve the city of any support of the University by taxation. The plan is meet- ing with increasing approval and support. Mr. Baldwin continued to fill the position of professor of engineering until 1900, since which time he has followed his profession as consulting engineer. He has had charge of many important .engineering projects, including the building of the concrete bridge across the Cumberland river for the Kentucky & Tennessee Coal Company. This bridge is about six hundred feet long and includes five spans of one hundred feet each. It was constructed in 1905 and was one of the earliest concrete bridges and the best built up to that time. Mr. Baldwin is the chief engineer for the trustees of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad, which is the only railroad in the world owned by a city, it being the property of Cincinnati. It extends from this city to Chattanooga and its management proves the feasibility of municipal ownership. Mr. Baldwin built the viaduct and did all the bridge work in connection with the Cincinnati Southern Railroad terminals in Cincinnati. He has designed and erected several reinforced concrete buildings, among which may be mentioned a concrete pattern storage building at Addyston and a reinforced concrete boiler house built recently for the Cincinnati tannery of the American Oak Leather Company. He also changed the power of this tannery to electrical power and installed there the first steam turbines used in Cincinnati. He designed and erected the new concrete and steel evaporating plant for the Clifton Springs Distilling Company, which is a new venture, the building and equipment being designed by Mr. Baldwin. In this connection it might be interesting to note the purpose of the 462 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY new evaporating plant. It complies with the dairy laws of the state of Ohio and furnishes a dry food for feeding cattle. This is ̊nee of the original plants to adopt the process, the refuse malt forming the basis. Among some of the works designed by Mr. Baldwin are the waterworks for the district of Highlands, Kentucky ; the shops and foundry of the Lane & Bodley Company at Bond Hill, Ohio ; an eight hundred gunpowder mill at Morrow, Ohio, operated by individual motor drive ; the electric equipment for a five hundred barrel cement mill at Ashland, Kentucky ; the waterworks for the city of Aurora, Indiana ; and the extension of the gas works of Covington, Kentucky, including additional purifying apparatus, larger mains and a high pressure distribution for Ludlow, Bellevue and Dayton. In this work he introduced the use of the dresser joint with plain end, cast iron pipe and fittings, which system of piping has since been largely used in both Covington and Cincinnati. Mr. Baldwin also had charge of the management of the waterworks at Bellevue, Dayton and the district of Highlands, Kentucky, for ten years. The work in which Mr. Baldwin has engaged and which has attracted the most widespread attention and favorable comment had its initiation when on the 15th of May, 1900, the huge auditorium which had been erected especially for the international meeting of the Saengerfest societies of the world was blown down. The meeting was but a few weeks off. The committee in charge was confronted with the task of erecting or securing another auditorium. The fact that the affair had been advertised throughout the world and the honor of the city as well as the Saengerfest societies was at stake, caused the men of Cincinnati to respond in the finest display of public spirit ever shown. Mr. Baldwin was the engineer who was selected to jump into the breach and to solve the problems.brought about by this crisis. He nobly responded and undertook the gigantic task of drawing the plans and erecting the immense structure in an almost incredibly short space of time. He was ably and courageously assisted by many public-spirited men, including contractors, foundrymen, lumber mill men and manufacturers, and June 28 saw the vast auditorium ready for occupancy. For his loyal and Titanic service Mr. Baldwin was presented with a medal by the local committee of the Saengerfest societies. Again too much praise cannot be given for the quick response and assistance given by the students of the University of Cincinnati, not only in engineering and clerical work but also in actual manual labor. Mr. Baldwin has come to be recognized as one of the distinguished representatives of his profession in Ohio. He is the author 0f a number of important articles, published in the Engineering News and in The Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, of a technical nature, relating to bridge construction. These articles are of great reference value and are widely accepted as authority upon the subjects treated. In 1906 occurred the marriage of Mr. Baldwin and Miss Eva Simpkinson, a daughter of John Simpkinson, a pioneer shoe manufacturer of Cincinnati. Mr. Baldwin belongs to the Business Men's Club and the American Society of Civil Engineers and is a member of the Sons of Colonial Wars and of the Sons of the American Revolution. He is a member of the Church of Our Savior (Episcopal) and the Episcopal Church Club. His interests in life are broad and varied and he is a well rounded man who keeps in touch with the world's CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 463 progress and the advanced thought of the day. He has ever been a man of action rather than of theory and has proven a valued cooperant in many of the movements which have been elements in Cincinnati's growth and substantial development. In his profession he has aimed steadily at perfection and has constantly progressed toward the goal. His work has indeed given him an enviable position and he stands today among the foremost in engineering circles of the middle west. GERRITT J. FREDRIKS, JR. Gerritt J. Fredriks, Jr., formerly of the law firm of Thorndyke, Fredriks & Capelle, general practitioners at the Cincinnati bar, now of the firm of Fredriks & Huffman, is located at rooms 601-2-3, Second National Bank building. He is numbered with those young men who have already given abundant proof of the possession of ability, which wins success in the difficult and arduous profession of the law. He comes of a family of Holland origin which has been represented in this city since 1849. His father, Dr. Gerritt J. Fredriks, has for thirty-eight years been a practicing physician and surgeon here and during the period of the Civil war he volunteered in defense of the Union cause. He married Sophia E. Oehlman and on the 24th of May, 1882, their son Gerritt J. Fredriks, Jr., was born. The public schools afforded the boy his preliminary education and he is numbered among the graduates of the Cincinnati night high school. At the same time he passed the examination at Columbus which entitled him to practice before the courts of the state, being admitted to the bar of the supreme court. After leaving the day schools when a young lad of thirteen years he was employed in a men's furnishing-goods establishment until he reached the age of fifteen years. He then accepted a life insurance agency and devoted the two succeeding years to that business. Subsequently he went to Indianapolis, Indiana, where he became connected with the Indianapolis Advertising Bureau and after a month was admitted to a partnership in the business. There he remained until 1900, when he returned to Cincinnati and accepted the position of manager in a men's furnishing-goods store, remaining in it until 1904. He was then appointed title examiner in the county treasurer's office and while thus engaged took up the profession of law, in which he has since made substantial progress. He is also attorney of the Bankers Surety Company of Cleveland, and the Maryland Casulty Company of Baltimore. His attention, however, is practically given to his law work. The firm of Fredriks & Huffman, which was organized January 1, 1912, has won a creditable standing at the bar. Earnest effort, close application and the exercise of his native talents have won Mr. Fredriks a reputation that many an older practitioner may well envy. On the 1st of January, 1907, Mr. Fredriks was married to Miss Texana Peacock, a daughter of George W. Peacock, formerly owner of Peacock's Hotel and now president of the Etowah Lumber Company. Mr. and Mrs. Fredriks lost their first born child, Gerritt Eugene, in infancy and now have a little daughter, Ruth Arcana, but a year old. Mr. Fredriks' position in regard to 464 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY political questions is well known for he never falters in. his allegiance to the republican party. He is a member and was formerly a director of the Stamina League and is a member of the Norwood Republican Club. He likewise belongs to The Club and in Masonry has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and also holds membership in the Mystic Shrine. His fraternal relations extend likewise to the Junior Order of United American Mechanics and his religious faith is indicated by membership in the Norwood Evangelical Lutheran church, of which he is serving as secretary and treasurer. He is very loyal to any principle or project which he espouses, is faithful in his friendships and his devotion to his clients' interests is proverbial. CHARLES J. IREDELL. The insurance business in Cincinnati has attracted many worthy men who ably represent their respective companies, but it is doubtful whether a more competent insurance manager is to be found in Cincinnati than Charles J. Iredell, general agent of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. He was born in Boone county, Kentucky, June 23, 1873, a son of James Wilkins Iredell, Jr., and Virginia E. Iredell. The father was born at Norristown, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania, June 17, 1841, and the mother in Boone county, Kentucky, September 8, 1843. Mr. Iredell is a direct descendant of Thomas Iredell, who came to America from Cumberland county, England, in June, 1700. The great-great-grandfather, Robert Iredell, married Hannah Lukens, who was a granddaughter of Jan Lukens, who with his family and twelve other families came to America from Crefeld, near the river Rhine, Germany, on the ship Concord. They arrived at Philadelphia, October 6, 1682, and settled Germantown, a center from which their descendants have gone forth to all parts of the United States.. Mr. Iredell's father in July, 1861, enlisted in Company I, Fifty-first Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, under Colonel John F. Hartranft. He was detailed to the commissary department and was with the Burnside expedition to North Carolina. During the campaign in Virginia he was advanced to the quartermaster's department of the Third Brigade and later became chief clerk of the quartermaster's department of the Ninth Army Corps under General Ambrose E. Burnside. This position he held until the colse of the war. He met Virginia E. Rust, who afterward became his wife while his regiment was encamped on her father's plantation in Kentucky. He is prominently connected with the Masonic Order, having received all of the degrees including the thirty-third and last degree. He was elected grand high priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of the State of Ohio in 1888, 1889. and 1890 and is vice president of the board of trustees of the Ohio Masonic Home. Franklin B. Rust, the grandfather on the maternal side, was born at Winchester, Virginia, November 28, 1816. He married Mary T. Bradford, of Lexington, Kentucky, who was born August 13, 1820. Franklin B. Rust's grandfather, Peter Rust, participated in the Revolutionary war and died of wounds received in that memorable conflict. Mary T. Bradford's father, Charles Brad- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 465 ford, took part in the war of 1812. He was captured by the Indians and carried to Canada, where he was exchanged for a quart of whisky. John Bradford, the father of Charles Bradford, was the founder and publisher of the Lexingn Gazette, the first newspaper issued west of the Alleghany mountains. Charles J. Iredell received his preliminary education in the public schools of Covington, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, later attending high school and Franklin school. He was for two years a student in the Franklin school as a member of the class of 1892. Immediately upon laying his books aside he engaged with the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company as general agent for southern Ohio. On the 20th of November, 1900, Mr. Iredell married Adelaide H. Monfort, who was born at Cincinnati, June 21, 1875. She is a daughter of Francis C. and Anna Louisa (Hubbard) Monfort, the former of whom was born at Greensburg, Indiana, September 1, 1844, and the latter at Indianapolis, Indiana. The father entered the Presbyterian ministry and is one of the leaders of that denomination in the United States. He has served as editor of the Herald and Presbyter at Cincinnati since 1873 and is noted as an .author, speaker and writer upon religious subjects. Mr. Iredell is a member of the Episcopal church and in politics gives his support to the republican party. He holds membership in the Underwriters' Association, the Business Men's Club, the Queen City Club, the Cincinnati Gymnasium and Athletic Club, The Hamilton County Golf Club and The Ohio Lawn Tennis Association. Self-reliant, courageous and highly efficient in his chosen calling, Mr. Iredell is justly regarded as a worthy representative of a family the name of which is a synonym for integrity and progressiveness. WILLIAM H. DONALDSON. William H. Donaldson, the founder of The Billboard and the largest stockholder in the company which now owns and controls that publication, was born in Newport, Kentucky, in 1863, a son of William M. Donaldson. His education was completed in the high school of Dayton, Kentucky, to which place his parents had removed from Newport. About that time Mr. Donaldson's father was conducting an art store and picture-framing establishment where the Methodist Book Concern is now located on Fourth street, between Elm and Plum. Mr. Donaldson went on the road as a salesman for his father who soon turned his attention to the poster business, locating his plant at No. 127 East Eighth street. The son then began to sell posters and proved remarkably. capable, winning an acknowledged place as the best poster salesman in the country. It was not long before The Donaldson Lithograph Company was receiving a preponderance of the poster business of all the largest circuses in the world. In 1899 the plant was removed to Newport, Kentucky, and in five years their capacity was increased to include twenty-two lithograph presses. William H. Donaldson was connected with this business until 1904, when he resigned his position with The Donaldson Lithograph Company, for The Billboard, which he had previously established, had become a profitable enterprise 466 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY and he devoted several years of his time exclusively to that publication. Some years before he had been one of the promoters thereof and gradually developed the business along lines which have made it one of the foremost publications of this character in the country. Year after year has brought him increased success until he is now in a position to devote a large portion of his time to travel, free from commercial interests and activities. In 1885, Mr. Donaldson was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Hassan, a daughter of William Hassan, a prominent cordage manufacturer, of Dayton. Mr. and Mrs. Donaldson have a daughter, Marjorie, now the wife of Roger Littleford, of the Kentucky highlands, and they have one son, Roger S. Little-ford, Jr. Mr. Donaldson belongs to the Masonic fraternity and to the Odd Fellows lodge. His is a notable business career because of the initiative spirit which he has displayed, prompting him to formulate new plans and projects which have been faithfully executed and carried out and which have brought him eventually to a prominent position in magazine publication and in advertising circles. His labors, too, have been crowned with notable success and thus his perseverance and determination have found their reward. MYERS Y. COOPER. Myers Y. Cooper, the subject of this sketch, was born near St. Louisville, Licking county, Ohio, eight miles north of the county seat, Newark, on the 25th day of November, 1873. His father, Lemuel Young Cooper, was born at Lone Pine, Pennsylvania, in 1832, and followed the profession of teaching for thirty-two years. He passed away on the home farm near St. Louisville, Ohio, on February 16, 1890. Mr. Cooper's mother, who bore the maiden name of Anne Greenlee, was born in Zollarsville, Pennsylvania, in 1834, and passed away January 8, 1908, the parents' final resting place being at the Bell Church, near Utica, Ohio. Myers Y. Cooper was the youngest of eleven children, eight of whom are living, four sons and four daughters. The surviving members of the family are as follows : Agnes, who is the wife of S. B. Hull, and resides near Utica, Ohio ; Sanson M. and James G., who are engaged in the real-estate and building business in Cincinnati ; Angie, who is the wife of W. C. Bowers, and lives near Bethel, Ohio ; Ella, the wife of J. W. Jenkins, of Cincinnati ; Dora, the wife of L. B. Evans, of Centerburg, Ohio ; Samuel D., who is engaged in the real-estate business in Cincinnati ; and Myers Y., of this review. Myers Y. Cooper obtained his early education in the common schools of his native county, subsequently going to Lebanon, Ohio, where he studied for three consecutive years in the National Normal University. In 1893, when twenty years of age, he came to Cincinnati, entered the employ of the real-estate firm of Cooper Brothers, the partnership being composed of his brothers, James G. and Sanson M. Cooper, who conducted a general real-estate and commission business. At the end of three years he was admitted as a member of the firm. This partnership was successfully continued a number of years until CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 469 the brothers, by mutual consent, assumed the responsibility of individual offices, Myers Y. Cooper retaining the original suite in the Union Trust building. The character of Mr. Cooper's business was well suited to his constructive ideas. Hundreds of homes have been built in Cincinnati and vicinity, and people have become home owners, through an easy system of repayments, for which he was largely responsible, and which has been widely copied. He has built more than seven hundred houses in Hyde Park alone, and it is estimated that about two thousand houses, all told, have been erected by him in the various sections of Cincinnati. A remarkable feature of Mr. Cooper's business record is that he has never foreclosed a mortgage. His broad business experience has naturally drawn him into various other important concerns, being president of the Hyde Park Lumber Company, The Norwood National Bank, The Hyde Park Supply Company, The Midland Lumber Company, and vice president of The Hyde Park Savings Bank. Mr. Cooper is also interested in matters pertaining to civic welfare, is a member of the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati, and the Hyde Park Business Club, having served as president of the latter, and member of the Hamilton County Agricultural Society Board and its former president, and is also vice president of the Foreign Christian5thsionary Society. On the 15th of December, 1897, Mr. Cooper was joined in wedlock to Miss Martha Kinney, a native of Newport, Kentucky, and a daughter of J. F. and Sarah (Walker) Kinney, the former a well known attorney of Cincinnati. Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have two children : Raymond Kinney, whose birth occurred in Cincinnati, on the 8th of May, 1899 ; and Martha Anne, whose natal day was May 24, 1902. Mr. Cooper gives his political allegiance to the republican party, while his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Christian church. Throughout his entire career his record has been such as a man might be proud to possess, characterized at all times by the faithful fulfillment of every obligation and by the employment of only such methods as are in harmony with strict and unswerving integrity and industry. BART SCHMIDT. Bart Schmidt, a member of the firm of B. Schmidt & Company, dealers in leaf tobacco, and vice president of the Cincinnati Warehouse Company, has been identified with the tobacco trade here since 1879. Cincinnati claims him as one of her native sons, his birth having here occurred on the uth of November, 1857. The family name indicates his German lineage. His father, Gustav A. Schmidt, came from Germany in 1849 and established his home in Cincinnati, where he died in 1865. Bart Schmidt began his education in the public schools of this city and was graduated from the Nelson Business College in 1879. He was at that time twenty-two years of age and at once entered into active connection with the tobacco trade as a clerk in the employ of R. Meier & Company, dealers in tobacco, who were at that time engaged in business where the Farmers & Shippers Vol. IV-24 470 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Tobacco Warehouse Company is now located. Gradually he worked his way upward in that connection and eventually was admitted to a partnership, continuing in the business until they closed out in 1902. He has been a stockholder in the Cincinnati Tobacco Warehouse Company since it was reorganized and, still further extending his activities, he is today a member of the firm of B. Schmidt & Company, dealers in leaf tobacco, which was organized in 1902. These connections indicate plainly his standing with the trade and the extent and importance of his activities, for the companies are prominent factors in their special line. Mr. Schmidt was formerly vice president of the Cincinnati Wire Bound Box Company and is now a director of the same, and he is also president of the Alpha Building & Loan Association, which was organized in 1883 and is today one of the oldest institutions of the kind in the city. In 1886 Mr. Schmidt was united in marriage to Miss Mary Spitzmiller, of Cincinnati. He is a member of the Automobile Club and the Hamilton County Golf Club ; is active in the Avondale Improvement Association ; and is past chancellor of Highland Lodge, K. P. Since attaining his majority he has been a member of the Blaine Club, always giving his support to the men and measures of the republican party, but has never cared for official honors. ELMER Z. BLAGG. Scarcely an enterprise of Cincinnati has shown the development reached by the Globe-Wernicke Company, of which Elmer Z. Blagg has been the vice president since June, 1908. His counsel and his sound judgment have been important factors in the growth of the business, which now reaches not only from ocean to ocean but covers considerable foreign territory as well. His identification with the business covers thirty years, beginning in 1882, at which time he was a youth of nineteen years, his birth having occurred in Cincinnati, January 7, 1863. His parents were B. W. and Margaret Blagg, the former a native of Gallipolis, Ohio, whence he removed to Cincinnati at an early age He was connected with river traffic for some time and became captain of the boat called Ohio No. 4. He also built several boats, the Ohio No. 4 being the last, and of this he continued in command until his death, which occurred in 1878. Elmer Z. Blagg was a pupil in the public and high schools of Cincinnati to the age of fifteen years, when he felt it necessary that he provide for his own support and started out in the business world, being employed in various capacities until 1882, when he accepted the position. of office boy with the Globe File Company, at a salary of five dollars per week. He was ambitious and recognized the fact that advancement must have its root in industry, perseverance and capability. He therefore worked persistently and untiringly to master the duties entrusted to him and after a time took a position in the factory and acquainted himself with every branch of the business. His knowledge and skill in that connection were rewarded in his promotion to the superintendency of the factory, which position he filled until 1900, when the Globe Company bought out the Wernicke Company of Grand Rapids, Michigan, and the name was changed CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 471 to the Globe-Wernicke Company, at which time Mr. Blagg was made general superintendent. He acted in that capacity for eight years and each day's duties brought him broader and more thorough knowledge of the business and qualified him for the onerous duties that have devolved upon him since his election to the vice presidency in June, 1908. He is also one of the directors of the company and has contributed in no small measure to the success of the enterprise, which is today the largest concern of its kind in the world. They employ thirteen hundred people in their factories, which are modern in construction and are most thoroughly equipped. The question of lighting and ventilation have been carefully considered and the health and comfort of employes have been a matter which has received due attention. One hundred people are also employed in their branch stores in the United States and in London, England. They have their general offices and an extensive plant on Eighth street and also another mammoth plant covering many acres on Carthage avenue. While they manufacture various kinds of furniture they specialize in library furniture and the Globe-Wernicke bookcases are known throughout the length and breadth of the land. In making models they have ever considered the fact that tshouldle of library furniture shoUld reflect dignity as well as beauty. Their output can be made to harmonize with the general plan of furnishing in any library and the bookcases are of the sectional variety built upon the unit plan as regards size, so that cases may be purchased in any part of the country that will fit those that may be already in use. Every kind of wood is utilized and classical lines are always maintained. The company has a well organized advertising department and not only uses the daily paper to introduce its output to the public but issues to the trade a catalogue that is as artistic and comprehensive as the product of its factories. Thirty years' connection with the business has made Mr. Blagg thoroughly acquainted with every department and his capability in managing the actual work of construction is equalled by his administrative and executive force as displayed in the control of the financial and office interests since his election to the vice presidency. On the 5th of November, 1889, in Cincinnati, Mr. Blagg was united in marriage to Miss Maude Wrighttw0d unto them have been born two children : Margaret, who is a graduate of the Thane Miller Institute ; and Dorothy, who is attending the high school. The family are connected with the Episcopal church and Mr. Blagg belongs to the Queen City Club. He has a wide acquaintance here where his entire life has been passed and his friends, who are many, rejoice in his advancement, knowing that it has come to him in recognition of developing powers, ability and merit. EDWARD PAYSON BRADSTREET. More than forty years ago Edward Payson Bradstreet, of Cincinnati, evinced an interest in behalf of reforms and during the entire period that has since elapsed he has assisted by his voice and personal influence in promoting right thinking and living. As a lawyer he ranks with the brightest at the bar of Hamilton county and there are few men in the city who have devoted as much time and energy to the public good. He is -a native of the Buckeye state and was 472 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY born at Vermilion, Ohio. His parents were Rev. Stephen Ingalls and Anna Dana (Smith) Bradstreet. He is a lineal descendant of Governor Simon Bradstreet, of Massachusetts, who married Anna Dudley, a granddaughter of Governor John Winthrop. The grandfather on the thaternal side was a native of Amherst, New Hampshire, and was a member of the well known Dana family of New England. The father of our subject was born in Greenfield, Massachusetts. He was educated at Dartmouth College and Andover Theological Seminary and assisted in establishing the Western Reserve University, which was for a number of years located at Hudson, Ohio. He was a noted divine and founded the first church of any denomination that was established at Cleveland and was also the founder of the first church at Perrysburg, near Toledo, Ohio. He was naturally devoted to his calling and refused any emolument except what was absolutely necessary for the support of his family. This self-sacrificing disciple of the great Master was called from earthly scenes in 1837, in the midst of his usefulness, at the age of forty-three years. Edward P. Bradstreet was educated at Western Reserve University and at Yale University, graduating from the latter institution with the degree of B. A. in 1853. About four years later he received from his alma mater the degree of M. A. He read law with the firm of Ferguson & Long of Cincinnati, teaching meantime in the public schools, and was admitted to the bar in 1857. He began practice as a member of the firm of Ferguson, Long & Bradstreet and two years later associated with Henry Snow under the title of Snow & Bradstreet. Since the dissolution of this firm he has practiced alone. He gives his attention especially to the settlement and management of estates and is thoroughly versed in probate and bankruptcy law, being regarded as an authority in those branches of the profession. He has taken an active interest in politics and was candidate upon the democratic ticket for the state senate and also for judge of the court of common pleas and refused to be a candidate for lieutenant governor. He was for six years a member of the board of directors of the Cincinnati Workhouse under the old system and occupied for a time the chair as president of that body. He is greatly interested in good government and was one of the men who inaugurated the movement which resulted in the election of Mayor Means in 1882. His efforts politically have been in behalf of others rather than to secure his own advancement. He served for several years on the board of education and assisted in establishing the public library. From 1869 until 1871 he was a trustee of the Homeopathic Free Dispensary and was for many years a director in the Young Men's Bible Society. He assisted in founding the Associated Charities and the Ohio Humane Society and served as a director of the latter organization for thirty-six years. At the present time he holds the office of president of the S0ciety for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. In 1883 Mr. Bradstreet was married to Miss Harriet B. Herrick, a daughter of Rev. William D. Herrick, of Amherst, Massachusetts, and they have three children : Marjorie, Edward P., Jr., and Annabel. Mr. Bradstreet has from his youth taken great interest in religious work. It was his intention as a young man to study for the ministry but, owing to a weakness of the throat, he was obliged to change his plans. He is a member of Holy Trinity church at Hartwell and is serving as vestryman of the church, having also served in a similar capacity for many years in St. Paul's Episcopal church. He was for twenty CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 473 years superintendent of the Sunday school of St. Paul's church and has been delegate to many cenventions of a religious nature. His activities have not been confined, however, to the church and Sunday school. He was one of the founders of the Cincinnati Vigilance Society for abolishing the white slave traffic. He drafted its constitution and is now vice president of the society. This organization has been successful in a number of prosecutions and through its efforts eleven persons have been sent to the state penitentiary. He is vice president of the Cincinnati Bible Society, a life director of the American Bible Society of New York and was for many years a member of the Literary Club, the Queen City Club and the Church Club. The Yale Club numbers him among its founders. He became connected with the Cincinnati Gymnasium the second year after its organization and was nine years president and for about thirty years member of the board of directors of this organization, proving one of the most capable and enthusiastic promoters the gymnasium has ever known. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order and holds membership in Kilwinning Chapter, R. A. M., of Cincinnati. His efforts along the various lines that have been named above have resulted in great benefit to many persons, who regard him as one of their most trusted advisers. Owing to the time he has given to athletics and his observance of simple rules of living, he is as active physically as a man of fifty and, although he has passed the Psalmist's three score and ten, he is still in full use of his physical and mental faculties. He enjoys a lucrative clientage and possesses the entire confidence of the courts and the unqualified esteem of his fellow practitioners. LOUIS H. CAPELLE. Louis H. Capelle is the junior partner in the law firm of Thorndyke & Capelle and while engaged in general law has yet won his reputation, which is more than local, in the conduct of criminal cases. He was born in St. Louis, Missouri, February 9, 1883, and is a son of William and Mary Capelle. The name indicates the French origin of the family and it was the great-great-grandfather of Louis H. Capelle who at one time was the royal court painter. The father was actively engaged in business in St. Louis as the secretary and treasurer of the St. Louis Hardware & Cutlery Company, and following his removal with his family to Cincinnati conducted a wholesale and retail hardware establishment, remaining one of the representatives of the trade in this city until his death, which occurred November 12, 1910, when he had reached the age of fifty-four years. His grave was made in Spring Grove cemetery. Mrs. Capelle still resides in Cincinnati. Louis H. Capelle was a young lad when brought to this city. After attending a private German school he continued his education in the Cincinnati public schools until graduated from the Woodward high school, in 1901. In the meantime he had resolved that he would make the practice of law his life work and with this end in view began studying in the law department of the Young Men's Christian Association and also further read in the office and under the direction of S. T. Crawford until admitted to the bar by the supreme court of the state, 474 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY in 1904. Three years later he was admitted to practice before the United States courts. Advancement in the law is proverbially slow and yet, no dreary novitiate awaited Mr. Capelle for almost from the start he was accorded a clientage of gratifying proportions. In the first week of his practice lie had a case of burglary, in which he succeeded through sympathy for the criminal's wife in getting the culprit freed. He has since been very successful in the field of criminal law and has represented the defendant in many notable cases, including the murder case of Nellie Rice, for whom he secured acquittal. In the trial of Charles Divine he succeeded in obtaining a suspended sentence and also secured the acquittal of Jeannette Ford, who was tried for blackmail. He is a most forceful, earnest and logical speaker and his arguments are so clearly presented and his reasoning so logical that he seldom fails to carry conviction concerning his position to the minds of his hearers. It is seldom that one, who is capable in the practice of law, is equally competent in the conduct of business affairs and yet Mr. Capelle has proven his worth, adaptability and resourcefulness in commercial and industrial fields. He is the secretary of the Richmond Ice & Cold Storage Company, which he organized and was also the organizer of the Merchants Automobile Company, of which he is the secretary. Through plans which he formulated and executed the Buckeye Lumber Company came into existence and he is also .its secretary. He likewise organized the Bossenberger Paint Company of which he is a director. He never falters in what he undertakes until the results achieved prove the correctness of his position in the points of organization and management. At Hamilton, Ohio, September 14, 1909, occurred the marriage of Mr. Capelle and Miss May L. Zimmer, a daughter of Michael and Lena Zimmer, the former a prominent contractor and builder of Hamilton. Mr. and Mrs. Capelle reside at No. 1506 Tacoma avenue, College Hill. His political views are indicated by the fact that he was secretary of the Young Men's Blaine Club from 1907 to 1912. He has always manifested an active interest in politics and is a very forceful campaign speaker in all republican campaigns for the past few years, or rather since age entitled him to his first vote. His appreciation of the fraternal spirit is indicated by the fact that he is a Master Mason. At all times he is alert and enterprising, appreciative of not only opportunities for individual advancement but also for the promotion of public interests that affect the weal of the city. WILLIAM M. DONALDSON. William M. Donaldson is with one exception the oldest lithographer in the country engaged continuously in business, his identification with the art covering fifty-seven years. He was one of the founders and promoters and still is at the head of The Donaldson Lithograph Company, which was established in Cincinnati in 1863. The business has since been removed across the river to Newport and the company now has the largest lithograph plant south of the Ohio. Mr. Donaldson was a young man of twenty-three years when, in association with Henry Elmes, he established the business with which he is still associated. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 475 He was born in Cincinnati, March 14, 1840 ,and is a son of William and Ann (Mills) Donaldson. His grandfather, Andrew Donaldson, came from Glasgow, Scotland, in 1819, accompanied by his family, and after reaching America settled first at Paterson, New Jersey. In 1829 he went to Newport, Kentucky, to take charge of a little cotton mill, but the enterprise did not prove profitable and he entered the government employ, being engaged for two years as superintendent of the building of a fort below Shreveport, Louisiana. Subsequently he returned to the north but, being advanced in years, did not afterward engage in active business to any great extent. He reared a family of four sons and four daughters, making his home in Newport. Of this family William Donaldson, the father of William M. Donaldson, was the second son. He was born in Glasgow and became an expert machinist, largely engaging in the installation of sugar-mill machinery in the south. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity and the apron which he wore in the meetings of the craft was long in possession of his son William. He died of yellow fever in New Orleans, in 1841, and his wife passed away in 1850, so that William M. Donaldson was left an orphan at the early age of ten years. He was reared by his aunt, a Mrs. Patterson, and lived in Newport until twelve years of age. In those days the children of Newport attended the Cincinnati schools without charge and Mr. Donaldson was a pupil of the old Congress Street school, of which Professor Randall, also a resident of Newport, was principal. He afterward became a pupil in the Second Intermediate school and later attended the old Woodward high school. On the third Monday, in January, 1855, he began to learn the lithographing business with the firm of Littleton, Wallace & Company, the predecessors of the Strowbridge Lithographing Company. His instructor was an old man by the name of Fabronius, a step-son of Senefelder, who was the inventor of the process of lithographing. As previously stated Mr. Donaldson is today the second oldest lithographer in the United States, having been connected with the business for fifty-seven years. He has witnessed its complete evolution and has always kept abreast with the most modern and improved processes and on many occasions has led the way to advancement. In 1863 he was joined by Henry Elmes in organizing The Donaldson Lithograph Company, beginning business in a small way with two presses which were operated by the two partners. At first they did all kinds of general lithographing but quickly drifted into the publication of lithographs and in a short time into the chromo business which they continued for many years. About the year 1889 they took up the general show-printing business, making four-color posters, and finally specialized along this line, doing very little of other kinds of work. About 1899 they purchased the plant of the Dueber Watch Case Company, at the corner of Sixth and Washington avenue, in Newport and removed their business from Cincinnati. Five years later they largely increased their plant by the erection of a three-story brick building, sixty-five by two hundred feet, which they are now occupying. Theirs is the largest lithograph establishment south of the Ohio river and they employ about two hundred people. Mr. Donaldson remains the president of the company and the character and reputation of their work is well known, placing them in a most enviable position as representatives of this business. Their patronage is steadily increasing, having long since assumed extensive proportions, bringing substantial success to the owners. 476 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Into other fields Mr. Donaldson has also directed his labors and has become financially interested in various important business projects. He is a director of the German National Bank, of Newport ; a director of the Evergreen cemetery and president of its board ; a director of the Ohio National Life Insurance Company ; and a trustee of the Ohio Mechanics Institute. He is also a director of the United States Lithographing Company and its vice president. Mr. Donaldson has resided in Newport for more than seventy years and has an extensive acquaintance throughout that city and the Ohio metropolis across the river. He has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Jane Porter, a daughter of Joshua Porter, of Dayton, Kentucky, and they became parents of four children, one of whom died in infancy, the others being Robert, William H. and Jennie. For his second wife Mr. Donaldson chose Miss Margaret Miller, who was born in Scotland and is a daughter of John Miller. Their children are seven in number, Elizabeth, Archibald, Frank, John, Garfield, Lincoln and Randall. Mr. Donaldson has been the president of the board of trustees of the First Presbyterian church, of Dayton, Kentucky, for thirty-one years. His wife and daughter as a matter of convenience have placed their membership in the Methodist church at Highlands, Kentucky, it being much nearer their home. Mr. Donaldson belongs to Henry Barnes Lodge, F. & A. M., of Dayton, Kentucky ; to Olive Branch Chapter, R. A. M. ;.and Newport Commandery, K. T. He is a member of Bomb Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of Dayton, Kentucky, of which he is a past grand, and has three times passed through the chairs of the order. He likewise belongs to Guiding Star Lodge, K. P., being one of two only life members in the state. He contributed liberally to the purchase of their building in Dayton and has been much interested in the beneficent work of these organizations. In politics he is a republican, voting for each candidate of the party from the time of Lincoln save that on one occasion, he voted for Horace Greeley. He has been president of the Dayton council and president of its school board, has been commissioner of the Jamestown magisterial district and president of the board of trustees of the Highland district. On one occasion he was a candidate for congress. His public service has always been characterized by practical results that have been of benefit to the community and his life in its public, its private and its business relations constitutes an • example which may well be followed by others, for it exemplifies the effectiveness of high standards of manhood and citizenship and of commercial integrity. JOHN WEYER. The business interests of Cincinnati have a worthy and well known representative in John Weyer, the extent and scope of whose work as a pharmacist have made him a successful man. He was born in Belmont county, Ohio, September 17, 1838, the son of Mr. and Mrs. David Weyer, the father a prominent farmer of that county. The mother before her marriage was a Miss Ault, whose parents came from Pennsylvania in 1802, settling in Ohio. John Weyer after receiving the rudiments of an education in the common schools, attended high school and for two years was a student at Oberlin Col- CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 479 lege. At the outbreak of the Civil war he regarded his duty to his country as paramount to a college education and put aside his text-books, enlisting in the Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was in the ranks in many engagements until the battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia, from the 1st to the 4th of May, 1863. There he was wounded and when again able for duty, he was detailed for duty with General A. Ames, remaining at headquarters until December, 1863. His regiment then reenlisted for veteran service. He participated in many important battles, both before and after Gettysburg. On that sanguinary field, while he was not yet able to carry a gun, he aided in caring for the wounded. The regiment had been so greatly depleted at Chancellorsville and at Gettysburg that the remnants which remained numbered only thirty-seven and these were under command of a second lieutenant. Because of its depleted condition, the Twenty-fifth Ohio was of so little service that the remaining few were sent with the whole brigade under General. Ames to South Carolina, to do duty in front of Charleston, where the reenlistment took place and the regiment was kept in that department until June, 1866. During the last two years of his service in the war Mr. Weyer was hospital steward and it was during this period that he became interested in pharmacy. After the war Mr. Weyer accepted a position as teacher in the schools of Columbus, Ohio, where he remained for a year and then became assistant to the superintendent of one of the state institutions at Columbus, where he remained for seven years. Under his supervision the farm of three hundred and fifty acres which surrounded the institutions, was made to yield as profitable crops as the best farm in the countryside, and within that period Mr. Weyer also found time to read and add to his store of knowledge, thus more and more fully equipping himself for the larger duties of life, which he has since undertaken. At length he decided to come to Cincinnati and took up a course of study in Cincinnati College of Pharmacy in the early '70s. In 1874 he opened a drug store at Sixth and Elm streets, in Cincinnati and remained proprietor of the establishment for seventeen years, enjoying a large and growing business. He made his establishment one of the popular drug stores of this city, nor did he confine his efforts alone to that line. He studied the needs of the druggists and the drawbacks which hamper them, and because of this he assisted in the organization of the Ohio State Pharmaceutical Association and was instrumental in securing the passage of the first laws governing the pharmaceutical profession. He was a member of the state board of pharmacy for more than eight years and helped to free the profession from the many untoward conditions that prevailed when it was in its infancy in Ohio. At this writing, in 1912, he has passed the seventy-third milestone on life's journey. He is numbered among the builders of Norwood, the part which he has taken in its progress and improvement well entitling him to prominent mention in this connection. He has never ceased to feel a deep interest in the welfare and progress of the town and even since his retirement from office his advice and counsel have frequently been sought regarding public affairs. He was a director of the College of Pharmacy for ten or twelve years and is now secretary and manager of the Retail Druggists Fire Insurance Company, of which he was one of the organizers. He is progressive and enterprising and his success in the business world is due entirely to his own efforts. 480 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Mr. Weyer wedded Miss Margaret A. Kelly, who for several years before her marriage was a teacher in the public schools of Cincinnati. She is now deceased. In his political views Mr. Weyer is a republican and he has always taken an active part in local party work. He was the first mayor of Norwood, being elected in 1888 for a term of one year, and on the expiration of the same was reelected for a term of two years. After that he was elected as the first vice mayor of Norwood. Progressive and enterprising, he has gained and retained the confidence and respect of his fellowmen and is distinctively one of the leading citizens of Norwood. He is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church of this city arid, well known and highly respected, he resides at a beautiful home, No. 2266 Harris avenue. FLETCHER ROSS WILLIAMS. Such has been the success of Fletcher Ross Williacirclese he entered business circlis at the age of eighteen years that his methods are of interest to the commercial world and yet there are no unusual features in his life history : it has simply meant a little closer application ; a little more determined purpose; and a little greater energy and persistency than other men have displayed, in order to reach the present enviable place which he occupies as financier and business man of Cincinnati. 'He was born in Gallipolis, September 5, 1862, his parents being James Waddell and Mary (McCarron) Williams. The paternal grandparents were residents of Connecticut and resided for a time in Virginia, ere coming to Ohio in 1808, in which year they took up their abode in Gallia county, becoming pioneer residents of the newly created state, which only five years before had been admitted to the Union. As a public-school student in Gallipolis, Fletcher R. Williams mastered the elementary branches of learning and pursued his more specifically literary course in the National Normal School, at Lebanon, Ohio. He was eighteen years of age when he put forth his initial effort in the business world, turning his attention to merchandising, in which line he conducted operations on his own account for about ten years. He afterward became a partner in a wholesale shoe business under the firm style of F. R. Williams & Company, which association was maintained until 1895. He is now officially and financially interested in various corporations which have important bearing upon the business activity and consequent prosperity of Cincinnati. He has been associated with the Cincinnati Trust Company since its organization, being now its treasurer ; is a director in the Union Gas & Electric Company and the Columbia Gas & Electric Company; is vice .president and director of the Clemens-Oskamp Company ; secretary and treasurer of the Anderson-Ziegler Company ; and secretary and treasurer of the Cincinnati, Dayton & Toledo Traction Company. In his official capacity he has voice in the management of these various concerns and his sound judgment, keen discrimination and ready ability in solving intricate and involved business problems are shown in his control of the interests under his care. On the 17th of September, 1882, in Green township, near Gallipolis, Ohio, Mr. Williams was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ellen Hanson, a daughter CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 481 of John P. and Sarah W. Hanson, and their only child is James Hanson Williams. The religious faith of the family is that of the Methodist church and the political views of Mr. Williams are in accord with the principles of the republican party. He is in entire sympathy with the work of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained high rank, being now a life member of Ohio Consistory, Valley of Cincinnati, A. A. S. R. He also belongs to the Mystic Shrine and to Rose Commandery, No. 43, K. T. His memberships in the Queen City and Cincinnati Country Clubs afford him relaxation and pleasurable entertainment. The success to which he has attained in business now accords him leisure for the enjoyment of other interests. He is, however, preeminently a business man, thoroughly alive to the position of the day, and his ready recognition and utilization of advantages, which are to be met with on every hand, have placed him in the foremost rank of Cincinnati's financiers. ROBERT HENRY DOEPKE. The Doepke family has been known in Cincinnati for many years, the name being one of the most prominent in business circles of the city. Robert Henry Doepke belongs to the younger generation, but he is identified with many important business concerns and has shown an ability and discrimination that give promise of large accomplishment in years to come. He was born at Avondale, November 3, 1884, a son of William F. and Leonora S. (Sohn) Doepke. The mother was born at Hamilton, Ohio, in 1861 and the father in Cincinnati, in 1838. At the outbreak of the Civil war Mr. Doepke, Sr., served in the Guthrie Grays, subsequently absorbed by the Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was connected with that regiment until the close of the Rebellion and participated in many of the leading battles and movements of the war, proving at all times a true soldier. After returning from the army he associated with Frederick and William Alms in the organization of the Alms & Doepke Company, which has been in existence since 1865 and is one of the noted department stores of the city. He was the founder of the City Hall Bank and was connected with many important business enterprises, becoming a leader in Cincinnati and one of its most valued men. He died in 1908. In his family were two children, William L. and Robert Henry. In the public schools Robert Henry Doepke received his early education, later attending the Cincinnati Technical School and the Asheville school, of Asheville, North Carolina. He graduated from the latter in 1902 and then matriculated a0fthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology of Boston, from which he was graduated in 1906. He is interested in many important business concerns of Cincinnati and has been a director of the Alms & Doepke Company since January 1, 1905. He is president of the Doepke Company, the Union Special Overall Company and the Hunter Brush Manufacturing Company. He is also a director of the City HallCompanythe Overman & Schrader Company, the Shanklin Coal Company and the Mercantile Building & Loan Company. He is, moreover, trustee of the William F. Doepke estate and is one of the most active, efficient and enterprising business men of his age in the city. 482 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Socially Mr. Doepke is prominent, being connected with the Queen City Club, Automobile Club, Business Men's Club, Country Club, Automobile Country Club and the Miami Golf Club. He has proven highly efficient in all his undertakings and has demonstrated his ability by capable .management of important affairs. As a patriotic citizen he is greatly interested in everything pertaining to the advancement of the community in which he was born and is ever ready to assist in promoting the general welfare. He is recognized as a man of 'sound judgment and genuine personal worth, whose popularity is due to his unfeigned cordiality and his sincere interest in his fellowmen. THE BILLBOARD. The Billboard, occupying a unique position among the publications of the country, was established in 1894 by W. H. Donaldson and James Hennegan, and was issued monthly, Mr. Donaldson being its editor and Mr. Hennegan having charge of the mechanical department. At that time the magazine was devoted exclusively to bill-posting interests. After a few years Mr. Hennegan withdrew and, in 1901, the paper began to appear weekly instead of monthly. At that time its scope had been enlarged to include the fairs and circus field and anyone connected with the business could secure fair representation in the news columns if there was anything to write about him. The paper also began to develop as an organ for street men and fair followers and as an advertising medium for the people who cater to that class. As the probability that the magazine would in time secure a very extensive patronage became stronger Mr. Donaldson began to infuse more and more of his own personality into the publication. He was personally acquainted with everybody in the circus business from the proprietor to the most humble employe and stood well with all of them. His wonderful memory for names enabled him to sit at his desk and write a personal item of any attache in any circus in the country, getting the names and often the nicknames correct. This ability and his personality largely accounted for the success of The Billboard among the circus men. When the street carnival made its appearance in the amusement world The Billboard naturally became the magazine chosen for its representation and about the same time The Billboard began to be distributed through the American News Company. The first profitable year of the magazine was 1903, prior to which its losses had been larger each year as it grew older, but Mr. Donaldson had the conviction that the venture was bound ultimately to win and the position of The Billboard today in its chosen field evidences the accuracy of his foresight and judgment. In 1898 the business was incorporated as The Billboard Publishing Company. The magazine had been originally called Billboard Advertising but the second word was eventually dropped about the time of the incorporation. When the magazine began to make a success in the carnival field the amusement park was beginning to come into prominence and The Billboard became the favorite, medium of park owners, concessionaires and manufacturers of park devices. The theatrical field was the last entered by this publication which printed its first theatrical news about 1900. In the management and conduct CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 483 of the business the most modern and progressive methods have been employed. The first linotype machines were installed in 1903 and now six linotypes are necessary for the work, together with one monotype. In 1902 seven people were employed on the publication of the paper and in 1911 the employes numbered sixty-five in the Cincinnati office with five representatives in New York and five in Chicago. The circulation has grown from one nominal in extent, in 'coo, to thirty-five thousand copies per week. Recently a new home for the magazine has been erected, a six-story stone and concrete building at Nos. 27 and 29 Opera place. The entire building, erected at a cost of one hundred thousand dollars, is devoted to The Billboard which has the largest circulation of any paper mailed out of Cincinnati. JESSE HUNT. The history of Cincinnati would be incomplete and unsatisfactory was there failure to make reference to Jesse Hunt, one of its earliest settlers and one of the Revolutionary war heroes who, after the establishment of American independence, came to this district to aid in extending the American empire westward. At the time of his death a city paper spoke of him as "one of our earliest settlers and most enterprising citizens." He was a native of New Jersey, born in 1760, and was among the first of the adventurous citizens of that state who connected themselves with Cincinnati and contributed to her. upbuilding. He made the removal westward in connection with John Cleves Symmes, the great pioneer of the Miami settlement. The present great and prosperous city of today had no existence at the time of his arrival. There was not even a village here when Jesse Hunt came in 1789. In fact not even a single cabin had been erected on its site, for the thirty individuals that then constituted its population occupied mere sheds. He participated in all the privations and hardships incident to frontier life when dangers were imminent because of the frequent hostility of the Indians, who were far more numerous in the state than the white settlers. He proved active, brave and loyal in the early Indian wars and did much to aid in bringing about the supremacy of the white race in this district. Moreover, he has been called the father of commerce in Cincinnati, having first promoted commercial interests here with the establishment of the town. He continued active in trade here until business conditions had been brought to a high state of prosperity and thus took active part in laying the foundation for the present commercial and industrial activity. Mr. Hunt's military history was a most creditable and interesting one. He served as a private in Captain Henry Phillips' company of the First Regiment from Hunterdon county, New Jersey, remaining a member of the militia organization during the Revolutionary war. In the war of 1812 he was an efficient assistant in the commissariat department, especially in sustaining the credit of the government, even in the most dark and gloomy periods. Mr. Hunt was called to his final rest August 24, 1835, when in the seventy-fifth year of his age, and his remains were laid to rest in Spring Grove cemetery. 484 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY On that occasion one of the local papers said : "The death of Mr. Hunt admonished us of the gradual departure of those to whom we are indebted for our present prosperity. They fall off one by one, rending ties of kindly feeling unknown to those who succeed them. Common. danger, common suffering, common effort, a community of interest and of enjoyment bound the first settlers of the west to each other, by bonds unfelt by their successors. They cherished a broad, a noble love of country that soared above personal or sectional preferences." JOHN A. STEWART. John A. Stewart, sole proprietor of the business conducted under the name of The Stewart Electric Company, was born in Holmes county, Ohio, July 13, 1855, his parents being E. S. and Isabel Imbry (Flack) Stewart. His mother was a daughter of Robert and Mary (Imbry) Flack, pioneers of Holmes county., The birth of E. S. Stewart occurred in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1825, and in early manhood he learned the carpenter's trade, which he there followed until 1851, when he removed to Holmes county, where businessed in the contracting buSiness until 1857. In that year he went to Denver, Colorado, and was connected with the Denver Commonwealth, a newspaper of that city, until 1864. He afterward located at Leavenworth, Kansas, where he became general manager for the Leavenworth Bulletin, his connection with that paper continuing until 1866. In the latter year he returned to Cincinnati and devoted a year to the contracting business. In 1867 he removed to Ripley county, Indiana, where he engaged in farming until 1868. He then became a bridge contractor for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company and in 1869 he went to Greenfield, Indiana, where he continued in the contracting business on his own account until 1875. That year witnessed his arrival at Holmesville, Ohio, where he took up the occupation of farming, which he followed until 1882. He next located at Newport, Kentucky, and entered the service of the Singer Sewing Machine Company, which he represented at that place until his death in 1893. In his boyhood days John A. 'Stewart was a pupil in the public schools of Cincinnati until 1867, when he accompanied his parents on their removal to Ripley county, Indiana, and spent the succeeding two years on a farm. He afterward attended the public school of Lawrenceburg, Indiana, until 1869 and later worked with his father at Greenfield until 1875. He afterward engaged in traveling, selling what is now known as "Hunter's sifters," four years being passed in that way. He, too, became connected with the Singer Sewing Machine Company as a solicitor in Cincinnati, his association with the business continuing until ,I89I. He then traveled for the Hall Safe & Lock Company for a year and afterward became salesman for the Thompson-Houston Electric Company, which later became the General Electric Company. He represented that corporation until 1896, when he established the Stewart Electric Company for the purpose of selling electrical machinery. He has been very successful since inaugurating this business and today handles many electrical devices and machines put out by leading electrical companies throughout the country. His business CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 485 has grown to extensive proportions and his, large trade now returns to him a very gratifying income. In November, 1881, in Evansville, Indiana; Mr. Stewart was united in marriage to Miss Blanche Able, a daughter of Monroe and Brittania Smallwood (Melbourne) Able, and to them have been born four children : Paul R., Margaret, Marian and John. From the outset of his business career Mr. Stewart has made continuous progress and his broad and varied experiences have been used to good effect in the establishment and conduct of his present undertaking. FRANK W. KUMMING. One of the progressive citizens and capable young business men of Cincinnati is Frank W. Kumming, who for many years was prominently identified with the political activities of Saylor Park before its annexation to Cincinnati. His birth occurred in this city, on the 24th of February, 1866, his parents being Christopher and Elizabeth. (Niemeyer) Kumming, the father and mother being natives of Germany. The paternal grandparents emigrated from Hanover during Napoleon's invasion of the fatherland, settling in Ohio: The spelling of the name had been ordered changed from "C" to "K" in order that no confusion might result from families of different nationalities bearing the same name. The maternal grandparents, who were also natives of the fatherland, upon their arrival in this country located at Pomeroy, Ohio. Christopher Kumming was a small lad when he came to America with his father, his mother having died in the old country. He was reared and educated in Ohio and soon after his marriage he brought his bride to Cincinnati, where he followed the trade of cabinet making. When the call came for troops during the early days of the war, he enlisted as a member of Company F, Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was wounded at Perryville, Kentucky, never fully recovering from the effects, and passed away, in 1867, at the age of twenty-seven years. Two children were born unto Mr. and Mrs. Kumming, the younger being Henry, who is a resident of Bellevue, Kentucky. Henry Kumming is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and both he and his wife affiliate with the Lutheran church. Frank W. Kumming, who was less than two years of age when his father passed away acquired his education in the common schools of Cincinnati, which he attended until he was fourteen years of age. In 1880 he laid aside his studies and began his preparation for the vocation which he has ever since followed. He entered a house which dealt in picture frames and mouldings, continuing to follow this occupation in the employment of others until 1899, when he engaged in business for himself until 1911, when he embarked in a line of specialties. Mr. Kumming was married to Miss Minnie Hoffsess, of Batesville, Indiana.. They reside in Saylor Park and both hold membership in the Presbyterian church there, while Mr. Kumming is also affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. He belongs to Monitor Lodge, No. 445, A. F. & A. M. ; Kilwinning Chapter, No. 97, R. A. M. ; and Cincinnati Commandery, No. 3, K. T. 486 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Political affairs have always engaged the attention of Mr. Kumming, who votes with the republican party. He was a member of the. board of health in Saylor Park for about fifteen years, this being his first official position. His services proved so efficient in this capacity that he was later made a member of the council, while for five years he held the highest office of the municipality, being the incumbent of that chair when Saylor Park was annexed to Cincinnati. Energetic and ambitious, he possesses the magnetism which enables him to enthuse and stimulate others to action, one of the most essential and indispensable qualifications of an executive in either a private or public capacity. EDWARD WYLYS HYDE, B. C. E., C. E. Edward Wylys Hyde, civil engineer, professor of mathematics and actuary, has been connected with the Columbia Life Insurance Company for about nine years. He was born in 1843 in Saginaw, Michigan, his parents being Rev. Harvey and Julia Dwight (Taylor) Hyde. The father was born in Connecticut in 1812 and was reared in Brooklyn until he entered Yale University. After completing the regular academic course he undertook his preparations for a professional career in the Yale Divinity School and was graduated therefrom when he was about twenty-five years of age. He affiliated with the Congregational church and immediately went to Saginaw, Michigan, as a missionary. In that charge he was untiring in his efforts and spent much of his time tramping through the country districts and stimulating the work of the church in those more remote regions. Until about 1853 he remained in Michigan carrying on his missionary work with ever increasing success. Subsequently he accepted a pastorate in western New York, where he again showed his zeal and his sincere interest in his work by building up the church and enthusing new life into its members. He remained there for several years before retiring from active duties and taking up his residence in New Jersey. At the outbreak of the Civil war, however, he became deeply interested in the welfare of the soldiers in the Union army and enlisted in a New Jersey regiment with the understanding that he was to be made a chaplain, but after entering the service he continued his duties as a private until the close of the war. In the early part of the war he was appointed superintendent by the government to take charge of a plantation near Beaufort, South Carolina. He efficiently discharged his duties as its manager as long as the government required his services in that place. During this time his son Edward W. joined him and assisted him in his various duties. While they were thus engaged the first colored regiment was formed and was .registered as the First South Carolina Volunteers. The officers were white men and Edward W. Hyde was appointed first sergeant and subsequently made sergeant major. Because of his faithful service the following year he was appointed lieutenant, which office he held until he was mustered out in January, 1866. Throughout his service he remained with the same regiment, although before the close of the war its name had been changed to the Thirty-third United States Colored Troops. After the war the father remained in the south and lived in Prince William county, Virginia, near Washington, D. C., until he entered upon CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 489 preaching again in Grafton, Ohio. This was his last pastorate. His death occurred in Cincinnati in 1904, where he resided with his son Edward. Edward W. Hyde received his early education principally at home under the supervision of his father. After he had completed the courses usually pursued in the high school in preparation for college he entered Cornell University and was graduated from that institution with the class of 1872, receiving the degree of B. C. E. During his senior year he had done some teaching, having, been appointed an instructor in engineering in addition to his regular work and the following year was continued as an instructor at his alma mater. Subsequently he taught for one year at the Pennsylvania Military Academy and the next year returned to Cornell to take up post-graduate work which would lead to the Civil Engineer degree. His thesis, which was entitled Skew Arches, was prepared with such careful attention to details and with such untiring research work that it is recognized as a standard authority on the subject. In 1875 he came to Cincinnati University and had the distinction of being the fourth man appointed to a professorship in the university. For the first three years he was assistant professor of mathematics and engineering but because of his unusual ability both as a student and teacher was retained as a professor of mathematics and engineering for a number of years. The duties of such an office in a university which was growing rapidly became more extensive than Professor Hyde felt he, could conscientiously perform and at his own request he was made professor of mathematics only. His resignation from the department of engineering was naturally a great loss to the university because the scope of his knowledge and his keen intellect had played an important part in bringing the standard of that department to the high place which it had under his professorship. He was clean of the faculty for about five years, and held that position at the time he severed his connection. Thoroughness and system characterized every department of his work and his methods were not only comprehensive but most progressive. In 1900 he gave up university work and was employed by the Union Central Life Insurance Company for one and one-half years, at the end of which time lie became secretary and actuary of the Columbia Life Insurance Company. After several years he was given the office of treasurer and resigned from the secretaryship. For two years he was thus employed but during that period the business had increased so rapidly that he found it necessary to give up his work as treasurer and has since that time been acting as 'actuary only. Much of the credit for the success of the Columbia Life Insurance Company in Cincinnati is due to Mr. Hyde and in a large degree its reputation for fair dealing and prompt payments has been brought about by his efficient and conscientious management. Mr. Hyde is married to Sarah J. Rowe, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Rowe, of Cincinnati. To their union seven children have been born : Eleanor ; Edward W., Jr., who since his graduation from Purdue University has engaged in civil engineering in Canada ; Lillian ; Winifred, who is the wife of Edward J. Cutler, of London, Ontario ; Jeannette, who is a kindergarten teacher in Cincinnati; Rosalind ; and Bertha. Although Mr. Hyde is not what may be termed a politician he never neglects his duties of citizenship and has a conscientious regard for the rights of franchise which he holds. He has always affiliated with the republican party but in local Vol. IV-25 490 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY affairs has reserved the right to vote in a way to further .the interests of the public as he saw it and .now regards himself as independent. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist, holding membership in the Walnut Hills Congregational church, in which he has served as a deacon since its organization. He is also a member of the American Institute of Actuaries, of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the American Mathematical Society. In these societies he is one of the strong and forceful contributors in their scientific discussions and his opinion is both sought and highly respected. The consensus of public opinion places him in the front rank among the keen business men of marked enterprise in Cincinnati. LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM EMERY MERRILL. Lieutenant Colonel William Emery Merrill, a member of the Corps of Engineers and brevetted colonel of the United States Army, whose work remains as a lasting monument to his skill and genius, was born in Wisconsin in 1837. His father, Moses E. Merrill, was a graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point and became a captain in the Fifth United States Infantry. He was killed September 8, 1847, at the battle of Molino del, Rey, Mexico, thu giving his life for the country which he had faithfully served from the period of his early cadetship. Because of the distinguished services of his father, Colonel Merrill of this review was appointed by the president to a cadetship at West Point, where hi native intellectual force was soon manifest in the high standing which he gained in his class: During the five years of his connection with the academy he ranked with the most proficient students in the school and was graduated with honors on the 1st of July, 1859. He was still a young man when the Civil war broke out but notwithstanding his comparative youth was placed in responsible positions. He sustained wounds while defending his country and was brevetted captain in recognition of gallant conduct as displayed in an engagement with the enemy before Yorktown, Virginia, April 16, 1862. On the l0th of September. 1863, in recognition of meritorious service at the battle of Chickamauga, Georgia, he was raised to the rank of major and was commissioned lieutenant colonel on the 13th of March, 1865, for distinguished service at the battle of Lookout Mountain and of Missionary Ridge. He also made a most creditable record in the engagements at Resaca and New Hope Church and while with the army added new laurels to the family name, which had long figured conspicuously and honorably in connection with the military service of the country. After the war was over Colonel Merrill continued in the government service and in 1870, as a United States engineer, took charge of the improvement of the Ohio river, remaining in that position for twenty-one years, in charge of all government engineering work on the river from its mouth to its source. As a representative of this 'government he went to Europe to inspect the more advanced river improvements of France and other countries. The reports which he brought back led to the building of the lock and dam located seven miles below Pittsburg. This at the time was the greatest work of its kind in America or CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 491 any other country and will long remain as an evidence of the genius and skill of Colonel Merrill. This dam, which is of the chanoine or movable type, was introduced first in the United States by him and has since been widely adopted in river improvement. He wths also the originator of the system of the lighting of western rivers. In his capacity as an engineer he also did important work elsewhere, his labors constituting an element of value in government engineering operations for an extended period. At the time of his demise he was in charge of the improvement of the Ohio river, the Monongahela, the Cheat, the Allegheny and the Muskingum rivers, was supervising the building of a dam at Herr's Island and a movable dam at or below the mouth of the Beaver river in Pennsylvania. He was also operating a snag boat on the Ohio river and was superintending the building of bridges across the Ohio, near Ceredo, West Virginia, and in other places. His thorough preliminary training and his long and varied experience made his thoroughly familiar with the line of work in which he engaged and enabled him to solve the difficult and intricate engineering problems which continually came up in connection with the execution of the work which fell to his lot. In 1873 Colonel Merrill was united in marriage to Miss Margaret E. Spencer, a daughter of John C. Spencer and a granddaughter of the Rev. O. M. Spencer, who in 1790, when a lad of nine years, accompanied his father from New Jersey to Columbus, Ohio. It was during the pioneer epoch in the development of the state, when the Indians were far more numerous than the white settlers and the latter had to be continually on the alert to protect their homes and possessions from the depredations of the red men. The Spencer family had their horses stolen and in other ways lost through the unprincipled action of their savage neighbors. But more than all this, on the 4th of July, 1792, Q. M. Spencer, then a little lad of eleven years, was captured by the Indians, who took him to the Shawnee village. During a hurricane he succeeded in making his escape, hiding under a fallen tree, but he was recaptured. Owing to the kindness of an old squaw he was not punished in thus attempting to run away, the woman treating him well and proving very friendly to him. He lived with the Indians for some time and became proficient in the use of bow and arrow. Subsequently he met a man by the name of Wells, who was held as a prisoner at large among the Indians. Wells became interested in young Spencer and gave to the commander of the post at Vincennes information concerning him which soon reached his father. Measures were then adopted to obtain his liberty and in February, 1795, the British Indian agent arrived to release the boy, with whom he arrived at Detroit on the 3d of March. There he was received with great kindness by Colonel England and others and later set sail for Fort Niagara, whence he made his way to the home of a sister in Elizabethtown, New Jersey. On the 14th of September he set out on horseback in the company of Mr. Crane and General Schenck on his homeward journey, arriving at Columbus about the middle of October. The remainder of his days were passed in Cincinnati, where at one time he owned large tracts of land. Here his son, John C. Spencer, was reared but lived most of his life away from the city by reason of his service as a surgeon in the United States navy. He married a daughter of William Barr, one of the early settlers of Cincinnati, who owned a large amount of land at the west end of the city and at one time was proprietor of what is now Sinton park. Mr. 492 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Barr was a very active and prominent man here. His daughter became the wife. of John Spencer and the mother of Mrs. Merrill. The death of Colonel Merrill occurred December 14, 1891, while traveling on the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad, being engaged in the discharge of his official duties. As a citizen, soldier and engineer he was especially worthy of the honor and distinction he attained and the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce paid a beautiful tribute to his memory. He was a man of many sterling traits of character and his ability in the field of his chosen profession was supplemented by a fidelity to duty that made his service most valuable to his country. L. F. PARKS. L. F. Parks, who is 'at the head of the Parks Ball Bearing Machine Company, has by reason of his executive ability and inventive genius developed a business that has not only constituted an element of financial success but has also contributed to the mechanical world many valuable devices. Mr. Parks spent his youthful days in the backwoods of Jackson county, Kentucky. He was there born in 1862,, his father being a sawmill man, working in the woods of Jackson and Madison counties. As soon as age and strength permitted L. F. Parks became his father's assistant and worked at different times in various sawmills in those counties. The educational advantages offered by the schools were limited, but nature had endowed him with inventive and mechanical genius and from an early age he began making tests on a mortising and tenoning machine. This was all done without any practical experience as a machinist and with only such tools as he could find around the sawmills in the backwoods of Kentucky. He, however, completed his invention and in 1884 came to Cincinnati, where he manufactured his first foot-power mortising and tenoning machine. He was the first to put a tool of this kind on the market. He possesses exceptional natural ability as a mechanic and, while he never had the advantage of practical training, he has developed his business from the smallest possible beginning until it is now an important industry of the north side. His machine shop, of which he has personal charge, is well equipped with the best tools, including lathes, planers, shapers, drills, milling machines, etc., to be used for the manufacture of his inventions. When Mr. Parks introduced his first tenoning tool to be used in a mortising machine, in 1885, it was at once copied by others, but patents which he obtained December 6, 1887, and July 24, 1888, covered the . valuable features of these tools. Mr. Parks did not stop with the manufacture of mortising and tenoning machines but has added thereto a full line of ball-bearing woodworking machinery, such as ball-bearing band saw machines for foot and hand power portable hand-power circular saw machines ; foot and hand-power ball bearing saw machines ; ball-bearing combined rip, cut-off and band saw machines; ball-bearing rip, cross-cut and band saw machines with boring attachment; ball-bearing combined circular and band saws ; and many other machines for wood workers together with countershafts, attachments, etc. Personally Mr. Parks is of a very retiring nature, his main interests in life being his home and his business. He was married, in 1906, to Frances Spaeth, CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 493 and they have two children, Ruth and Holly Jean. Ability and energy have placed Mr. Parks in the position which he now occupies as a manufacturer and inventor and those who have occasion to use his machines bear testimony to their value and excellence and the simplicity and accuracy of their workings. HENRY FREIBERG. Since 1899 Henry Freiberg has been the sole owner of the firm of Freiberg & Kahn, distillers and wholesale liquor dealers of Cincinnati, removing his old established business to this city from Galveston, Texas. He was born in Rhenish Bavaria in 1858 and was brought to this country by his parents when but a boy, the family home being established in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is a son of Henry Freiberg, who arrived in Cincinnati in the early '60s. Our subject was reared and educated in Cincinnati, being graduated from the Woodward high school when a youth of eighteen years. Shortly afterward he removed to Galveston, Texas, and in 188o there embarked in the liquor business on his own account. In 1899 he removed the business to Cincinnati and has here since occupied a five-story building at No. 54 Main street, embracing about twenty-five thousand square feet of floor space. About thirty-five people are employed in the conduct of the business. Mr. Freiberg is also financially interested in distilleries in Kentucky. He possesses untiring energy, is quick of perception, forms his plans readily and is determined in their execution, and his close application to business and his excellent management have brought to him the high degree of prosperity which is today his. At Galveston, Texas, Mr. Freiberg was united in marriage to Miss Emma Mendelsohn, of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. They have two children, namely : Theresa; and Harry, who is associated in business with his father. Fraternally Mr. Freiberg is identified with the Masons, having attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and also belonging to the Mystic Shrine. He is likewise a member of the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and the Cincinnati Business Men's Club. He has traveled extensively in this country and in Europe, thus gaining that knowledge and culture which only travel can bring. His nature is, social and his disposition cordial and he has enjoyed the warm friendship of those who have come within the circle of his acquaintance. THOMAS S. BROWN, JR. Thomas S. Brown, Jr., who entered into active connection with the white lead business, on the Nth of January, 1881, and is now treasurer of the Eagle White Lead Company of Cincinnati, was born August 12, 1862, in the home on Clifton avenue,. which he still occupies, his parents being Thomas S. and Maria (Gano) Brown. His father was a native of Scotland and, when a lad of six years, was brought by his parents to the new world, the family home being 494 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY established in Cincinnati. He engaged in the wholesale grocery business, becoming a member of the firm of Pullen, Hatfield & Brown, which built the first sugar refinery west of the Alleghanies. They were also large jobbers of groceries and Mr. Brown spent several months each year in New Orleans in superintending the business of the firm at that point. His industry and enterprise made him a valuable asset in the business life of Cincinnati, where he passed away in 1884, honored and respected by all who knew him. His wife was a daughter of W. G. W: Gano; who was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1799, and was brought to1801,innati by his parents in 1801, the journey being made on horseback from Philadelphia to Pittsburg and thence down the Ohio river by boat. He became onthis the leading residents of thiS city and to many years was an official in the old La Fayette Bank. His name was inseparably interwoven with the commercial and financial development here. Thomas S. Brown, Jr., was reared in Clifton and attended the public schools, after which he became a student in the Woodward high school. It was but a little later when he entered the white lead business, with which he has been continuously identified for thirty years. He became connected with the Eagle White Lead Company, in 1893, and for the first three or four years had charge of the accounts, after which he was elected to the position of treasurer, which he still fills. EDWARD BRUNHOFF. One of the most unique of Cincinnati's many interesting industries is The Brunhoff Manufacturing Company, which enjoys the distinction of being the only enterprise of the kind not only in the United States but in the entire world. It was founded by Edward Brunhoff, a native of Germany, whose birth occurred in Prussia, near the Holland boundary-line, on the lower Rhine, in 1863. On the paternal side he is descended from a long line of military ancestors, the last of these being his grandfather, who fought as a colonel of the Prussian army all through the Napoleonic wars, and died, retired, at Zelle, in Hanover. Dr. Fred, erick Brunhoff, the father of our subject, was born and reared in the Rhineland and was educated at the University of Bonn, where he was a comrade and classmate of Carl Schurz, the eminent statesman. He adopted medicine for a vocation, engaging in the practice of his profession in his native land until his death, which occurred during the early childhood of our subject. Dr. Brunhoff was married to Sophia Van den Bosch, a direct descendant of Admiral. Van den Bosch, who succeeded De Ruyter in the command of the Dutch navy, and is a daughter of Edward Van den Bosch, a manufacturer of plushes at Goch, an industrial town on the border of Germany and Holland. Their eldest son, Henry Brunhoff, who is now deceased, adopted his father's profession and became a physician in the services of the government, and died a surgeon-general of the German navy. Unlike the majority of young men who emigrate to the United States from the old world, Edward Brunhoff was reared amid the refining environments of a cultured home, acquiring his education in German colleges. In 1882 he crossed CINCINNATI---THE QUEEN CITY - 497 the Atlantic to America, residing for a time in New York city. Subsequently he visited Australia and the Sandwich Islands, landing on his return on the Pacific coast, where he spent several years in the states of California, Oregon, Washington and in British Columbia. At that time the western country was a great wilderness, fraught with adventure and danger, and Mr. Brunhoff tried himself in various occupations, working as a fisherman on the Columbia and Cowlitz rivers and as a surveyor for the Canadian, Pacific Railroad. During that time he acquired Chinook, the language current among the Indians of those sections, and he still is master of this dialect today. After having satisfied his desire for the rough and open life with its hunting and fishing, he felt inclined to return to civilization and its comforts, and in .1888 located in Chicago, becoming for two years a member of the Illinois Staats Zeitung, but finding that the position would not hold out alluring enough prospects for a bright future he decided to turn his attention to commercial pursuits. He manifested considerable inventive ability and mechanical skill in originating the now widely used system of endless files, also file clips and self-feeding soldering irons and other inventions of useful and successful devices, and decided to engage in the manufacture of articles of this nature. He started his enterprise in a small way in Chicago in 1890, but soon moved to Minneapolis, where in spite of scarcity of the right kind of labor and an unadvantageous location, Mr. Brunhoff soon was known as the most skilful and prolific manufacturer in his line. At the expiration of four years he removed to Cincinnati to take advantage of the many facilities this city affords. A man of marked individuality, winning personality and a linguist of note, Mr. Brunhoff has never met with any particular 'difficulties in promoting the development of his activity, largely owing to these qualities. in all probability, and his progress' has been free of obstacles, rarely paralleled in the industrial world. The Brunhoff Manufacturing Company's products are all original inventions and productions. Its specialty is the manufacture of. serviceable and ingenious advertising devices for the counter and show case, bar and desk, principally made of metal, glass and wood. In the execution of each order he calls into play marked originality, making .a careful study of the business of his patron, its specific needs and requirements, and thus their novelties carry a certain individuality, characteristic of the enterprise they advertise, and fulfill the highest essentials of an advertising medium because they are both unusual and attractive. All of the designs used in their work room are made by Mr. Brunhoff, whose ideas along this particular direction seem to be inexhaustible and find their expression in an endless variety of clever contrivances that catch the eye and hold the attention. This company also has the distinction of supplying practically the entire civilized world, including North and South America, South Africa and Europe, even Germany, the home of novelties, with cigar cutters and lighters and similar devices. They practically monopolize those particular lines, in which they have engaged. Unquestionably the development and position of this enterprise must be attributed to the great skill of Mr. Brunhoff, who holds many important patents that he is constantly increasing by the addition of new contrivances, each of which seems to excel. its predecessors in ingenuity. He was the first patentee of file clips and of the commonly used detachable endless files, now to be found in practically every office and place of business. During the twenty-one years of its existence The Brunhoff Manu- 498 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY facturing Company has made steady and permanent progress, its development from year to year having been marked by an appreciable increase in patrons and success. They now occupy a building forty by one hundred feet, five stories in height, which is provided with every modern convenience to facilitate the work, and over one hundred people are given employment in the various departments of their establishment, many of whom are highly skilled workmen. In 1898 the business was incorporated under its present name with Mr. Brunhoff as president and George W. Noyes, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Brunhoff married Miss Alma Volbracht, a daughter of Henry Volbracht, a sculptor of New York city, and to them have been born seven children: Else, Sophia, Alma, Henry, Frieda Ella, Helen and Adele. Although he has always been intensely loyal to the country of his adoption, Mr. Brunhoff has much love and admiration for his native land, and is affiliated with the German Literary Club and various other organizations founded by his countrymen. He also belongs to the Avondale Improvement Association, of which suburb he is a resident, and in addition to the development of his industry has found time to promote what is known as the Brunhoff Subdivision. This includes Larona avenue and the west end of Rockdale, also Dury and Northern avenues. Owing to his capable and intelligent direction and skilfully planned operations, his holdings in this quarter have greatly increased in value; and it is due to his enterprise that this section of Avondale has changed from a cow pasture with ravines and hills into a well improved, desirable part of our city. Mr. Brunhoff is very popular both in business and social circles and has a large acquaintance in the city, particularly among the German population. He is a most interesting and entertaining companion, a keen observer, widely traveled and a fluent linguist ; he is 'familiar with the art, literature and history of all times and nati0ns and has many delightful reminiscences to relate of his experiences in various parts of the world. His development and versatility are remarkable, as it is not often that one man finds it possible to acquire such a wide fund of information on as great a variety of subjects as he is familiar with, while his knowledge in some instances is only general, in the majority it is specific and exhaustive, indicative of wide reading and careful thought as well as deep consideration. HOBART P. DOWLING. Hobart P. Dowling, whose office is at Nos. 804-5-6, Second National Bank building, Cincinnati, is one of the young practicing attorneys of the city. He entered upon his life work two years ago and, judging by the progress he has made, is fairly launched in a career to which he is eminently adapted by talents and education. He was born at Cleves, Ohio, September 20, 1887, and conies of Irish ancestry, his grandfather, James Dowling, having settled in Cincinnati from Ireland about 1836. The parents of our subject are James E. and Martha K. (Karr) Dowling, the father being superintendent of the wholesale carpet jobbing-house of Robert J. Bouser of this city. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 499 Mr. Dowling of this sketch received his preliminary education in the public schools of Cincinnati and then became a student of the Walnut Hills high school, graduating in 1906. In the fall of the same yer he matriculated in the Cincinnati Law School and completed the regular course of study in June, 1909, being graduated with the degree of LL.B. He has applied himself assiduously to his profession and is accorded a lucrative clientage, being recognized as one of the earnest and efficient practitioners of the. Hamilton county bar. He early acquired habits of application and thoroughness, of which he makes good use, and is well informed as to the general principles of law and the procedure of the courts. He has made a highly favorable impression wherever he has ap¬peared and there is no doubt as to his continued advancement. He is identified in a legal capacity with a number of corporations of the city. Politically Mr. Dowling is in sympathy with the republican party, the platforms of which he regards as in harmony with the foundation-principles of the constitution upon which the American republic is founded. Active, enterprising and ambitious to succeed in his vocation, he has most creditably acquitted himself and as an upright: citizen is ever ready to make use of his ability in the advancement of the best interests of the community. JOSEPH CAREY SPEAR. Joseph Carey Spear, secretary of the cemetery of Spring Grove. has been interested in the business circles of Cincinnati for thirty years. Previous to accepting his present position he was a pharmacist. His birth occurred in Cincinnati, on. the 26th of September, 1848, his parents being Samuel B. and Rachel (Carey) , Spear. The father's birth occurred in Abington, Massachusetts, on the 23d of January, 1812, and his boyhood and youth were spent in New England. Subsequently he removed to Cincinnati and, in 1865, became secretary of the cemetery association, an office which he held until a few years previous to his death. Mrs. Spear was a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Carey and was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. Her death occurred May 2, 1891. Joseph C. Spear received his education in the public schools of Cincinnati and, upon laying aside his text-books, entered the drug store of the William S. Merrill Company and there took up the study of pharmacy. He continued in the employ of this company until the 1st of January, 1882, when he accepted the office of assistant secretary of the cemetery association and began active work in the improvement and management of the cemetery. After his father resigned the secretaryship he became secretary and since October, 1887, has been acting in that capacity. Ever since becoming connected with the cemetery, Mr. Spear has given his undivided attention to its improvement and its well cared for appearance is largely attributable to his efforts. Mr. Spear is married to Alice B., daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William H. Conkling, and to them four ,children have been born : William H., Joseph C., Jr., Alice B. and Marguerite B. The parents are active members of the Clifton Presbyterian church and Mr. Spear is a member of the session, while his wife is one of the most prominent workers in its various women's organizations.