800 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY but he applied himself with such diligence to the mastery of the branches of learning which he pursued that at the age of twenty years his eyesight failed him to such an extent that he was only able to distinguish daylight from darkness. He possessed, however, an excellent tenor voice and gave much of his time to singing in churches and in public meetings. In time his eyesight improved and to educational activities he devoted the remainder of his days, becoming president of the Mount Auburn Institute, which was founded by a few influential men of the city because they felt the need of a high-class school, in which their daughters might finish their educations preparatory to entering college. Professor Miller accepted the presidency of the institute upon its founding in 1855 and remained at its head for forty years or until his death, establishing the school upon a high standard which won it rank with the lading educational institutions of this character throughout the country. At all times he was deeply interested in any movement tending to advance intellectual culture and for thirty-three years he served upon the school board, becoming the earnest champion of every project for the improvement of the system of public instruction here. He was also for years a director of the House of Refuge and took an active interest in its work. He was likewise greatly interested in young people and did much to stimulate in them an interest in the higher things of life. Professor Miller was twice married and by his first marriage had a daughter, now Mrs. H. P. Boyden, of Mount Auburn. In 1881 he wedded Emma P. Smith, of New York city, who came to Cincinnati in 1878 to take charge of the Mount Auburn Institute. She organized and is now in control of the H. Thane Miller School for Girls and is very active in literary and church circles, belonging to the Mount Auburn Literary Club and to the Woman's Club of Cincinnati, of which she is a director. She is also a member of the Young Women's Christian Association. Professor Miller held membership in the Young Men's Christian Association and labored untiringly for its interests. He was often asked to preside at large and important meetings, his ability for such duties being widely recognized. He possessed the dignity necessary. for chairmanship and was ready at all times with the apt word or quick reply that enabled him to keep the situation well in hand and direct the activities of the hour. He perhaps lived upon a higher plane than the majority of mankind, for his wide study gained him appreciation for the keenest intellectual enjoyment and yet his broad sympathy reached out to all mankind, making his life one of splendid service for others. ALPHONSO TAFT. Alphonso Taft was born November 5, 1810, in the town of Townshend, Windham county, Vermont, the only son of Peter Rawson and Sylvia Howard Taft. The parents both of his father and of his mother had come to Vermont from the town of Uxbridge, Worcester county, Massachusetts. Rhoda Rawson, the mother of Peter Rawson Taft, was a descendant of Edward Rawson, who came from England to New England in 1636 and was for thirty-five years secretary of the colony of Massachusetts. Aaron Taft, the father of Peter Rawson CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 803 Taft, was educated at Princeton College. Meeting with severe losses in Massachusetts, he took his family to Vermont. Peter Rawson Taft was reared a farmer with but a common-school education. He was a man of intellectual tastes and capacity, and educated himself after leaving school, so that he subsequently was admitted to the bar and practiced law. He served many years in the Vermont legislature and was judge of the probate and county courts of Windham county in that state. Alphonso Taft was also brought up on a farm and until his sixteenth year attended the neighboring county schools. He then went to Amherst Academy at Amherst, Massachusetts, paying the expenses of his tuition by teaching school at his home in Vermont during the winter. His experience at Amherst Academy made him ambitious for an education at a larger institution, and in his nineteenth year he entered Yale' College. His summer vacations he spent in working upon the farm of his father. To save traveling expenses he walked from New Haven to Townshend and back. By close economy he was able to support himself through college, and was graduated with high honor among the first half dozen of his class in 1833. Professor James Dana, the great geologist, was a member of his class, and he and Mr. Taft remained warm friends through life. For two years after graduation Mr. Taft taught in the high school at Ellington, Connecticut. While there he became interested in St. John Eldridge, one of his pupils. Eldridge's father had been in easy. circumstances, but, while his son was at Ellington, suddenly lost his entire fortune. Mr. Taft's affection and admiration for Eldridge, as a manly boy and scholar, led him to pay Eldridge's expenses through Yale College, where Eldridge was graduated as the first scholar of his class. It was Mr. Taft's purpose to associate Eldridge with him in the practice of the law, but Eldridge died very shortly after his graduation from Yale. Mr. Taft served as a tutor. at Yale for two years after leaving Ellington, and at the same time attended the Yale Law School, was graduated there and. was admitted to the bar of Connecticut in 1838. After visiting several of the cities of the west, Mr. Taft finally settled in Cincinnati in 1839. He had been, earlier in the same year, admitted to the bar of Ohio, at Zanesville. His diligence, earnestness, education and ability soon brought him a lucrative practice. He had associated with him as partners at different times in his career of thirty-four years at the bar, Thomas M. Key, William M. Dickson, Patrick Mallon, Aaron F. Perry, George R. Sage, his sons Charles P. and Peter R. Taft, and H. P. Lloyd: Mr. Key first entered Mr. Taft's office as a law student in 1842 ; Mr. Perry had been his class-mate in the Yale Law School. The partnership with Major H. P. Lloyd began in 1877, after Mr. Tait returned from Washington, and continued until April, 1882, when he went abroad: During a practice of over thirty-five years Judge Taft was engaged in many important cases. He was retained by the executors under the will of Charles McMicken to defend the validity of the devise and was sustained. The-case was then carried on appeal to the supreme court of the United States, where Thomas Ewing appeared in behalf of the contestants. The case was not unlike in some respects the famous Girard College will case, in which Mr. Binney and Mr. Webster had appeared. The learning and ability displayed by Mr. Taft in the preparation. of the brief and the argument in this case, which involved a laborious examination of the subject of religious and 804 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY eleemosynary trusts under the statute of the 43d Elizabeth, called forth from the bench expressions of high appreciation. The opinion of the court sustained he validity of the gift of Mr. McMicken. Another important case in which dr. Taft appeared as counsel, in the later years of his practice, was the suit brought to test the constitutionality of the bill authorizing the issuance by the city of Cincinnati of two million dollars of bonds for the completion of the Cincinnati Southern Railroad. Mr. Taft was retained by the trustees of the Southern road to test the constitutionality of the bill. The case was heard first n the general term of the superior court of Cincinnati, where the constitutionality of the act was sustained, and this judgment was affirmed by the supreme court of Ohio. In 1864 Judge Taft was appointed to fill a vacancy in the superior court of Cincinnati and declined the appointment. In 1865 Judge George Hoadly re-signed from the superior court, and Mr. Taft was again invited by Governor Cox to a seat upon the bench. This appointment he accepted. At the next spring election he was elected to serve until 1869, when he was reelected, having :he honor, at that time rate, of receiving the unanimous vote of both political parties. In 1873 Judge Taft resigned and entered the practice with his two sons, Charles and Peter. Many important cases were decided by him while on :he bench. He brought to the discharge of his duties the most unwearied industry and the greatest care. He announced the decision at the general term of the superior court in the case involving the constitutionality of the original Southern Railroad bill under which ten million dollars of bonds were issued to construct the road which has done so much to develop the trade and increase the business growth of Cincinnati. Another, and perhaps the best known of the muses which came before the superior court while Judge Taft was on the bench, was what was called the Bible case. It was a suit brought to enjoin the school board of Cincinnati from amending the rules which govern the public schools by striking out the clause providing that the Bible should be read at the ppening exercises of each school. The superior court in general term then consisted of Judge. Bellamy Storer, Judge Taft and judge Hagans. The majority of the court, Judges Storer and Hagans, held that the school board had no power to amend the rules as proposed, and granted the injunction. Judge Taft delivered a dissenting opinion in which be decided :—First, that the school board had no power to amend the rules and strike out the clause proposed; and, Second, that the constitution of the state did not recognize the Christian religion any more than it recognized the religion of any of the other citizens of the state, not Christians ; that it was proper that the clause proposed should be stricken out because the King James version of the Bible was not accepted by the large Roman Catholic population as the true Bible, and because the New Testament taught doctrines not believed in by the Jewish part of the population. The supreme court of Ohio unanimously reversed the decree of the court below, and sustained Judge Taft in his dissenting opinion by following substantially his course of reasoning therein. Mr. Taft was long interested in politics, having been an earnest member of the whig party from the time of the campaign of "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," in 1840. He was a strong friend, great admirer and frequent correspondent of Mr. Webster, and voted for Mr. Webster as candidate for the presidency in the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 805 national contention of the whig party. In 1856 he was a member of the national convention which nominated John C. Fremont for president, and thus was present at the birth of the republican party. In the same year he became a candidate for congress on the republican ticket in the first Ohio district against George H. Pendleton, by whom he was defeated. In 1875 Judge Taft was a candidate before the Ohio republican convention for governorship against Hon. Charles Foster and was defeated by seven votes. In each of these contests, the position of Judge Taft upon the question of the reading of the Bible in the public schools was the chief argument against his nomination. It was said by his opponents that though the decision had been confirmed unanimously by the supreme court, it would nevertheless cost the republican party many votes to nominate him. On the 7th of March, 1876, Judge Taft was appointed, by President Grant, secretary of war. He remained in the war office until May of the same year, when he was appointed attorney general to succeed Judge Edwards Pierpont. He remained in the latter position (one much more suited to his tastes than that of secretary of war), until the close of President Grant's administration. In April, 1882, Judge Taft was appointed, by President Arthur, minister of the United States to Austria. He resided at Vienna until the summer of 1884, when he was tendered the appointment as minister to Russia, which appointment he accepted. He remained in Russia until the fall of 1885 and then returned to Cincinnati. Judge Taft was a man of the greatest public spirit and throughout his life was constantly engaged in helping works of public benefit. He and his first wife were very active in the founding and construction of the House of Refuge of Cincinnati, and he delivered the opening address upon the opening of the institution, which has since saved so many waifs from sin and misery for useful lives. Very early in his Cincinnati life he seryecl as a member of the city council. He was the champion of the annexation party, so called, which advocated the extension of the city limits north of Liberty street one mile to what is now known as McMillan street. The proposition was defeated in one council of which he was a member, and the whig party refused to nominate him to succeed himself. He thereupon ran on an independent ticket and was elected, and in the succeeding council the annexation ordinance was passed. He was, while in council, very active in advancing the interests of the city by the building of railroads. He was for many years a director in the Little Miami Railroad, representing, as such, the interests of the city, which was a stockholder in the road. In 185o he delivered to the Mercantile Library Association a lecture entitled "Cincinnati and her railroads," in which he demonstrated the great importance to the city of having as many railroads as possible radiating from it as a center in every direction. The prophecies of that lecture have all been fulfilled. He was one of the prominent incorporators of the Ohio & Mississippi railroad and acted as its counsel for many years. He was a member of the first board of directors of the Marietta & Cincinnati Railroad, and spent much time and labor in carrying through that enterprise in spite of many obstructions. Judge Taft was also an earnest supporter of the proposition that the city should build the Cincinnati Southern Railway. He took part as a member of the Superior Court of Cincinnati in the appointment of the first board of trustees of the Southern road, and upon his retirement from the bench he was him- 806 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY self appointed a trustee of the road in 1875, a position which he resigned when called into the cabinet of President Grant. He was one of the projectors and the first president of the Mt. Auburn Street Railroad, the first street railroad to connect the beautiful hill suburbs with the city of Cincinnati itself. This was the railroad from which sprung the incline plane system, and the extensive net work of suburban street railways which is such a prominent feature of the city's life today. Any sketch of Judge Taft's long and useful life would be quite defective which did not contain an allusion to his interest in, and devotion to, the cause of education in the city of his adoption and the country at large. He was one of the trustees of the original Woodward fund, and was for more than twenty years an active and useful member of the union board of high schools of the city of Cincinnati. As already stated, he was a graduate at Yale of 1833 and of the Yale Law School. His five sons were graduated from the same university—the eldest in 1864 and the youngest in 1883. Judge Taft himself received the degree of LL. D. from Yale in 1867. In the year 1873, when by the law of Connecticut it was provided that six members of the corporation of Yale College should be chosen from the alumni of the college by vote, Judge Taft was elected to a seat in the corporation which he held for three years and was then reelected for a subsequent term of six years. He declined the second reelection because he was then going abroad. While in Russia Judge Taft contracted the disease of typhoid pneumonia and for weeks his life was despaired of. His strong constitution, however, enabled him to partially recover his strength. In 1886 he returned to his home considerably shattered in health. He remained in Cincinnati until 1890, enjoying his leisure time in classical and other studies. In the winter of 1889-90 his health became so poor that upon the advice of his physician he went to San Diego, California. There he was able to live for about two years longer. He died May 30, 1891, in the eighty-first year of his age. Judge Taft was a member of the First Unitarian church of Cincinnati. In the schism which occurred in that church during the ministry of Rev. Moncure D. Conway, Judge Taft was of those who supported Mr. Conway. A man of studious habits and wide reading, he retained his familiarity with the classics throughout his busy career. He was a man of singularly sweet and gentle nature, but he united with this a firmness of purpose and a courage of his convictions which, with his ability, learning and power of application, made him one of the foremost men in the state and country. Judge Taft married his first wife, Miss Fannie Phelps, of Townshend; Vermont, in 1841. She died in 1852, leaving two sons, Charles Phelps and Peter Rawson. In 1854 he married Miss Louise M. Torrey, of Millbury, Massachusetts. By her he had. four children : William H., Henry W., Horace D. and Fannie Louise. Charles Phelps Taft was admtited to the bar and practiced with his father but subsequently became and is now the managing editor and proprietor of the Cincinnati Times-Star. Peter Rawson Taft, the second son, was a member of the bar for a number of years and died in June, 1889. The third son, William H., also became a member of the bar and is now president of the United States. The fourth son, Henry W. Taft, is a practicing lawyer in the city of New York. Horace D. Taft, the fifth and youngest son, studied law CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 807 and was admitted to the bar but subsequently became a tutor in Yale College and is now proprietor and head of a preparatory school for boys at Watertown, Connecticut. Fannie Louise, the only daughter, was married, during Judge Taft's residence in San Diego, to Dr. William A. Edwards, of that city, where she now resides. THE RICHARDSON PAPER COMPANY. The Richardson Paper Company was established in 1898 by J. C. Richardson and his son Charles C. Richardson and other members of the family, the mills being built at Franklin, Ohio. In 1906 the company took over the Haldeman Paper Company at Lockland, which had been established by Captain T. J. Haldeman in 1868. The company is capitalized at six hundred thousand dollars and gives employment to about three hundred and fifty persons. The plant represents an investment of more than a million dollars and covers six or eight acres of ground, on which have been erected a number of buildings, supplied with the most improved machinery known in this line of business. The Richardsons were the first to apply electric power to run heavy machinery in paper mills and their success has attracted the attention of owners of similar establishments all over the country. They have their own waterworks installed on their property, the waterplant being as large as the village waterworks of Wyoming, Ohio. J. C. Richardson was born in Butler county, Pennsylvania, but in early life was taken to New Baltimore, a small town in Butler county, Ohio. As a boy he was employed in Hamilton county for a time at one dollar per day and his educational advantages were necessarily limited, but by private study, by observation and by contact with the world he overcame his early disadvantages and soon ranked as one of the most intelligent and well informed men of his community. He married Adelaide Haldeman, a daughter of Captain T. J. Haldeman, and to them were born six sons, namely, Charles C., James C. (deceased), Thomas H., William Howard, John. M. and Paul. Mr. Richardson was held in the highest respect by the people of Hamilton county and was elected to the state senate, wherein he displayed a judgment which greatly redounded to his credit. He also filled the office of president, of the Chamber of Commerce of Cincinnati and his energy and ability in managing large affairs aside from his own business as a manufacturer made his name honored wherever known. After a useful and well spent life he passed away in 1898. The present officers of the Richardson Paper Company are Charles C. Richardson, president ; John M. Richardson, vice president ; Paul Richardson, treasurer ; and W. S. LaRue, secretary. Charles C. Richardson received his early education in the public schools and the Hughes high school of Cincinnati and was later graduated in the class of 1884 from Williams College and also pursued a course in the Cincinnati Law School. He has been identified with the paper manufacturing business ever since his boyhood and is one of the most prominent men in this line in the country. He is also a director of the First National Bank of Lockland. He takes an active interest in matters pertaining to the county, state and nation and has served in the Ohio state legislature and also as commissioner and auditor of 808 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Hamilton county and mayor of Glendale. Fraternally he is identified with the Masonic order, in which he has taken the Scottish Rite degrees, and he also belongs to the Queen City Club. He resides in Glendale. John M. Richardson, vice president of the company, is a graduate of the Walnut Hills high school and was the organizer and is now president of the Cincinnati Motor Car Company, with headquarters at Seventh and Main streets. He is a member of the Cincinnati Automobile Club and the Queen City Club. He and his family reside in a beautiful home at Avondale. William H. Richardson, who is also a director of the company, was educated in the Cincinnati public schools and the Hughes high school and was graduated from Williams College with the class of Two. He also pursued a course in the Cincinnati Law School. Paul Richardson, treasurer of the company, attended the public schools of Cincinnati and the Walnut Hills high school and he completed his education in the University of Cincinnati. The Richardson Paper Company is a remarkable exemplification of energy wisely applied upon a large scale and it is striking evidence of what may be accomplished by one family when the members work together in harmony. The products of this company find sale in all of the principal cities of the continent and its steady growth is promise of still greater possibilities in years to come. Today this company may safely be designated as one of the largest and best managed manufacturing concerns of Hamilton county. DAVID SINTON. David Sinton, who for many years occupied a central place on the stage of public activity in Cincinnati by reason of the extent and importance of his business interests and also by reason of his philanthropy and public spirit, won success in life largely through his devotion to high ideals and manly principles. To have instituted and controlled mammoth business interests in the attainment of notable prosperity entitles one to more than passing notice, but aside from this the life work of David Sinton contains many valuable lessons which may be profitably considered and pondered. His career was never a self-centered one, for while he attempted many things and accomplished what he attempted, his success never represented another's loss but resulted from constructive effort, intelligently applied. Moreover, the generous use which he made of his means in assisting others and in improving the city marked him as a man of kindly spirit who recognized and met the obligations and responsibilities of wealth. Mr. Sinton was but thirteen years of age when he started out in life independently. He was a native of County Armagh, Ireland, and was born of Quaker parentage of Scotch-Irish descent. His father was a linen manufacturer of his native village and when he came to America settled in a small Ohio town in which he conducted a store. In the family were two sons, the brother of David Sinton becoming a distinguished scholar and able physician and surgeon who died many years ago. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 811 David Sinton was but three years of age when the family crossed the broad Atlantic to the new world, and the next ten years were spent under the parental roof where he displayed considerable ability and ingenuity in the use of tools, manufacturing toy wagons, popguns, tops and other toys with great facility, so that his father believed that the son would some day "become a fine mechanic." Such a future, however, had little attraction for the youth who assured his father that he could make a living in other ways and asked permission to go to Sinking Springs, Ohio, hoping there to obtain employment. Consent was given but the parties of the household believed that the boy would return home ere long. His possessions when he started from the parental home consisted of a good suit of clothes and, tied up in a handkerchief, an extra shirt and a silver piece worth about six and a quarter cents. After reaching his destination he had little trouble in obtaining employment, entering the services of a man who owned a tavern and store, his wages being four dollars per month and board. He acted as clerk and in fact did any task that was assigned him and soon his faithfulness and capability won him the good-will of his employer, who came to rely more and more upon the boy as his habit of indulging freely in intoxicants grew upon him. Mr. Sinton remained there for two years and in conversations with men of prominence who were guests at the tavern learned much of outside affairs and of the views on life which others held. Sinking Springs, however, seemed to him too limited a field for his ambition and his industry which were his dominant qualities, and thinking to have better opportunities in Cincinnati he made his way to this city, hoping soon to obtain a position here. For four months he tried without avail and in that period his very limited capital became almost exhausted. At length he secured a position with a commission merchant by the name of Adams who employed several men. He was set to work with a man who was ten or twelve years his senior and who, standing in favor with.. his employers, found it convenient to shirk his work which thus devolved upon his assistant—Mr. Sinton. The latter remonstrated with the idler who knew his influence and promptly said he would report the boy. He carried out his threat and the next day Mr. Sinton was called before his employer and stated the condition of affairs, adding : "I should think that when you see such a man around you would discharge him." The proprietor replied : "Well, I guess I will discharge you," and thus Mr. Sinton was again without employment. This experience, however, awakened in Mr. Sinton an aversion for an idler and never to his (lying day would be tolerate one in his employ who was not possessed of energy and willingness to work. On the day on which he received his discharge Mr. Sinton started for home and paid a dollar for his voyage on the boat out of his little capital which consisted of only a dollar and a half. He made his excuse for going home the fact that he had seen none of his family for five or six months for. he would not acknowledge himself defeated. From Manchester he walked to West Union and had been there for only a few minutes when a letter was handed him which was an appeal from his former employer at Sinking Springs to return and "run the business." The following day he left home to assume charge and although. not quite sixteen years of age he had the general management of the entire business at that place. It was long before the --era of railroad building, when stage coaches were the 'Principal means of travel, and at the hostelry which 812 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY was then under his supervision were entertained such distinguished statesmen as Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson, with both of whom he became well acquainted. Mr. Sinton was eighteen years of age when he again made his way to Cincinnati and the money which he had previously saved from his earnings was now used in the establishment of a commission business in partnership with a young man of good reputation. The venture, however, proved unsuccessful and Mr. Sinton lost all that he had saved. Once more he started to his parents' home at West Union but again was offered a good position by an iron firm in the Hanging Rocks region who wished a manager and offered him forty dollars per month and board. He gladly accepted and for four years remained there, his broad experience enabling him to acquaint himself with every detail of the business and thus lay a foundation for his great fortune. He was twenty-two years of age when with a friend he leased a furnace and began the manufacture of iron on his own account. He never scorned honest employment or honest labor and for a time he worked side by side with his men whom he frequently accompanied when a quantity of iron was to be shipped from Cincinnati to Louisville, being taken upon the river in flatboats. On such occasions he took his turn at watch and like the others slept on a blanket on top of the iron bars. This venture proved successful from the beginning and the foundation of the fortunes of the two young men were thus laid. Mr. Sinton remained in the iron region for about twenty years and in 1849 became a permanent resident of Cincinnati, opening an office in this city in order to facilitate the extension of his trade by the conduct of the business at this point. Nor did he confine his attention alone to the iron trade, becoming active and energetic in other business lines, especially in real-estate investments and in the erection of fine business houses in this city. He was the builder and owner of the Grand Opera House and of 0ther equally notable structures here and he extended his activities to business projects outside of the city, thus contributing toward the industrial and commercial development of a number of western, southern and northern towns. From the time that he entered business circles in connection with the iron trade Mr. Sinton's career was one 0f continued success until he said that he began to believe in luck. On one occasion he was obliged to take stock in the gas company in exchange for forty thousand dollars worth of iron, which he had furnished to the Cleveland Gas Works. He at Once attempted to sell this and thought he had negotiations completed to that end when the prospective purchaser decided not to take the stock. Mr. Sinton was therefore obliged to keep it and soon it began to increase in value until it had become worth three or four times what it was originally. Back of all of his "luck" investments Mr. Sinton was recognized as a man of most keen insight and notable sagacity and his sound judgment was based upon a thorough understanding of business conditions. There were two children in the family of Mr. Sinton, but the son died in 1869. The daughter is Mrs. Charles P. Taft and with her he made his home on Pike street, opposite Fourth street, for a number of years prior to his death, which occurred August 31, 'go0. Mr. Sinton was not only prominent in a business way but also in the social life of the city and held membership in the Queen City Club, in which he served as a trustee. It was said that there was. never an CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 813 easier man to approach than Mr. Sinton, that "he was simplicity itself and on the whole to have a conversation with him was to have a solid good time." His political allegiance was given to the republican party but the only office he ever held was that of road supervisor in early manhood. On another occasion he was chosen captain of a militia company but never accepted the position. He gave liberally to charity, contributing the sum of one hundred thousand dollars to the Union Bethel and thirty thousand dollars to Sinton Hall, which was named in his 'honor. The Cincinnati Art Academy received from him seventy thousand dollars and he was most generous in his gifts to relatives both in this country and in Ireland. He overcame his lack of early educational advantages by his close study and wide reading—habits that remained with him throughout life so that he became familiar, far beyond the average, with science, art, poetry, the Bible, history and current events. He was spoken of as "the most prominent among the self-made men of Cincinnati and the wealthiest." His prominence was due not alone to his splendid success but to his sterling traits of character and the kindly spirit which prompted him to extend a helping hand wherever aid was needed ; to his liberal education, self-acquired; and to his public spirit manifested in hearty cooperation with many movements for the general good. ALBERT F. SHAW. Albert F. Shaw, who spent the last few years of his life in honorable retirement from business, although for many years he was closely connected with railroad interests in Cincinnati, was born in Lawrenceboro, Pennsylvania, and was quite a young lad when brought to Cincinnati by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas F. Shaw. The father was one of the pioneer merchants of this city, engaging in the dry-goods business as a member of the firm of Denton, Carlisle & Shaw, conducting one of the largest and oldest establishments of that character in the city. Mr. Shaw remained in the business for many years but at length retired with a well earned competence and removed to Indiana, where his last days were passed. He was a very active and public-spirited man, always ready to lend a helping hand to an individual or to a project for the general good. His entire career was actuated by a Christian faith that made him a helpful and prominent member of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church. He assisted in building its house of worship, was one of its first trustees and served in that capacity until his death. His was indeed a well spent life, his salient qualities being such as won the respect and confidence of his fellowmen. Brought to Cincinnati in early boyhood Albert F. Shaw pursued his education in the graded schools and in the Hughes high school. He entered business life in connection with the dry-goods establishment of which his father was a partner and continued with the firm until its dissolution. He afterward engaged in the railroad business until a few years prior to his death. In 1866 Mr. Shaw was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Chisholm, a daughter of George Chisholm, who came to Cincinnati by wagon from Baltimore, Maryland, in the early '40s, his people having settled in Maryland on 814 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY their emigration from Scotland to the new world. Subsequent to his removal to this city Mr. Chisholm engaged in the contracting business, in which he was soon extensively occupied, his ability and skill winning almost immediate recognition. He erected many of the large warehouses and other prominent buildings of the early days and retired with a substantial little fortune about eight years prior to his death. He was married in this city to Miss Mahala Shingleslicker, a relative of the Cutler and Goshorn families and one of the pioneer residents of this city. Following their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Chisholm resided on Eighth between Cutler and Lynn streets and there they reared a family of six children. Mr. and Mrs. Shaw became the parents of four children: Charles H., a practicing attorney ; Herbert C., a Methodist minister, now located at Houghton, Michigan; Ambrose L., who is living on a ranch in the west; and Mrs. Bessie Wilie, of this city. The family are members of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church and Mrs. Shaw takes active part in the work of the different church societies. Mr. Shaw, too, was earnest and helpful in his advocacy of the church and its purposes, and his life was always in harmony with his professions. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity and was a man of domestic habits, his interests centering in his home and the welfare of his family. They found him a loving husband and devoted father who with kindly spirit guided the steps of his children and perpetuated the confidential relations between husband and wife. He was practically a lifelong resident of Cincinnati and was always interested in changes which wrought its transformation, developing it into the metropolis of the Ohio valley and one of the leading commercial cities of this part of the country. HON. JOSEPH BENSON FORAKER. In the long list of eminent men whose records are a part of the history of Ohio, the public service of few has extended over as long a period as that of Joseph Benson Foraker, and none have been more constant in honor, fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation. Every man in public life has his opponents, but those who have most strongly assailed Mr. Foraker's position in regard to public questions have never doubted the honesty of his convictions or had reason to question his loyalty to what he has believed to be right in regard to the civic policies of the nation. Since his retirement from the United States senate he has again taken his place as a member of the Cincinnati bar and as a factor in important corporate interests here. Mr. Foraker was born July 5, 1846, and is a representative of one of the old families of this state, his grandparents having come to Ohio from Delaware in 1820, at which time they took up their abode near Rainsboro, in Highland county. His parents were earnest Christian people of the Methodist faith, and their interest in the great English divine and commentator, Joseph Benson, led them to give his name to their son. Reared amid the refining influences of a Christian home, Joseph B. Foraker had impressed upon his youthful mind lessons that have never been forgotten. His educational training was received in CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 817 the schools of the neighborhood to the time of his enlistment in the Union army when a lad of sixteen.. With the boys in blue of Company A, Eighty-ninth Regiment of Ohio Volunteers, he went to the front, enlisting on the 14th of July, 1862. Almost from the beginning he served as a non-commissioned officer and later was promoted to a lieutenancy. His regiment did duty with the Fourteenth Army Corps, participating in all of its campaigns, and Lieutenant Foraker took part in many hotly contested battles. He also went with General Sherman's troops to the sea and acted as aide-de-camp on the staff of General Slocum in the advance through the Carolinas. He was the courier chosen by his commander to bear the welcome message of the capture of Savannah to the United States fleet off the coast. With the close of the war he resumed the duties of civil life, returning to his home with a most creditable military record for loyalty and valor, although still but a boy in years. He wore a captain's shoulder straps upon his return although he had but reached the age of nineteen. His military experience was prophetic of his future life, indicating his stalwart support of every principle in which he has believed. He has fought manfully in support of his honest convictions and, as at the front, has ever fought in the open. Recognizing the fact that a well trained mind, gathering its forces from a broad education, is one of the most potent elements in life, Captain Foraker after his return from war pursued a college course at Cornell and was graduated from the university at Ithaca with the class of 1869. Taking up the study of law and securing admission to the bar, he began practice in Cincinnati and it was not long before he bad won a place among the strong and able representatives of the legal profession in this city. He displayed an assiduous and unrelaxing attention to all the details of his cases and evinced the most careful regard for the interests of his clients. Moreover, the zeal with which he devoted his energies to his profession brought him a large business and made him very successful in its conduct. The splendid reputation which he made as a practitioner before the bar, his careful analysis of causes, and his correct application of legal principles, led to his selection for the position of a justice of the superior court of Cincinnati. In this connection a contemporary biographer said : "As a jurist he maintained and enhanced the high repute which he brought to the bench, and when he resigned his office in the spring of 1882, it was the consensus of Cincinnati opinion that the judicial ermine, honored in this city by men like Storer, Taft, Matthews and Hoadly had invested no abler and juster arbiter of causes than Joseph Benson Foraker." Judge Foraker soon became widely known in political connections and was for years recognized as one of the standard bearers of the republican party in Ohio and as a molder of its policies. He was thirty-six years of age when, in 1883, he received the republican nomination for governor, his opponent —the successful candidate—being Judge Hoadly. Again they were opposing candidates for gubernatorial honors in 1885, and on that occasion Mr. Foraker was elected ; he received an indorsement of his first term's service in a reelection in 1887, so that he remained chief executive of the commonwealth for four years. The state republican convention of 1895 named him as a candidate for the United States senate and in January, 1896, the legislature chose him as successor to Hon. Calvin S. Brice for the term extending from. March 4, 1897, until IV-40 818 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY March 4, 1903. Again he was elected to that office and after occupying a seat in the United States senate for twelve years he retired, on the 3d of March,909.. His service in the upper house is a matter of record. He soon became a leader in the national halls of legislation and was the promoter of many bills which found their way to the statute books of the nation. He became identified with the republican party on passing his majority and has ever been an advocate of the principles for which his party stands, if not always in accord with the policies of its leaders. He was heard again and again in debate upon the floor of the senate, and his opinions were always harkened to with interest because early in his senatorial career it was recognized that he had a logical grasp of the situation and that the well trained and analytical mind of the lawyer had enabled him to study a question from various standpoints. He spoke fluently, persuasively and effectively, and his words often stimulated action leading to the generous and hearty support of the measure which he advocated. It is said: "As a statesman Mr. Foraker is one of the commanding few who mold civic policies, originate legislation of momentous import and leave a potential individuality deeply impressed on the statutory records of the nation." Even the most 'ma-levolent have not dared to assail the honesty and integrity of his motives and much political service now recognized as of great value to state and nation bears the impress of his individuality. No sketch of Joseph B. Foraker, however, would be complete without extended and detailed mention of the work that he has actually accomplished for the state and nation. President McKinley in one of his brilliant speeches supporting Governor Foraker for reelection said : "He has made one of the most magnificent Governors this commonwealth (Ohio) has ever had. He has been bold, he has been honest, he has been just, he has called things by their right names. He has given to the state one of the best administrations we have ever had. It has been absolutely clean. He developed in the discharge of gubernatorial duties his great powers, decision, activity and clearness of mind, arid his ready application of facts and principles to the subjects before him. He proved himself preeminently the man for emergencies. By reason of his intuitive judg-ment of character and of the motives of men, these superb qualities, combined with his firmness of purpose and confidence in himself, marked him as a leader of men. While governor he became distinguished for executive ability of no ordinary character, which made his name familiar throughout the nation. A number of reforms were instituted and carried to a successful completion. In finance, his work on behalf of the state was remarkable. He funded a part of the state debt at a lower rate of interest than any state debt had ever been funded in the Union. Not only did that but he made the tax levy lower than it had been in the state for forty years." J. G. Gest, a prominent newspaper man, wrote of his service in the senate that he proved himself one of the most brilliant constitutional lawyers in that body and established the highest claims for statesmanship. He took his seat in the upper house in a history-making epoch. Important questions came before the senate, chief among which was the Cuban question, which soon became paramount and eventually led to war and the pos-session of 'insular territory. We quote from Mr. Gest, as follows : "No ques-tion since the declaration of secession and the fall of Fort Sumter devolved upon the national administration greater responsibilities than were imposed by CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 819 the rapidly gathering war clouds from southern seas. Spain failing to conquer Cuba by military power resorted to the inhuman policy of extermination by starvation, which horrified the world,. forced the issue of intervention and the liberation of Cuba." President McKinley in his message to congress gave over to it the solution of the question, recommending that we should not recognize the independence of Cuba but intervene, as a neutral, merely to end the struggle by a hostile restraint of both parties and the restoration of order and the establishment of government. While Senator Foraker agreed with the President on the general propositons to be accomplished he believed that the independence of Cuba should be recognized, also believed in the recognition of the insurgent government and that the intervention should not be neutral in character but in hostility to Spain, feeling that there could be no lasting peace established on the island until Spain as a governing power was expelled therefrom. On the 29th of March, 1898, he introduced the following resolutions of intervention which were referred to the committee on foreign relations and with slight changes were reported favorably. The resolutions read : "Be it resolved, By the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America. "1. That the people of the Island of Cuba are, and of right ought to be, free and independent. "2. That the Government of the United States hereby recognizes the Republic of Cuba as the true and lawful government of that island. "3. That the war Spain is waging against Cuba is so destructive to the commercial and property interests of the United States, and so cruel, barbarous, and inhuman in its character as to make it the duty of the United States to demand, and the Government of the United States hereby does demand, that she at once withdraw her land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. "4. That the President of the United States be, and he hereby is, authorized, empowered and directed to use, if necessary, the entire land and naval forces of the United States to carry these resolutions into effect." In his argument upon the question Mr. Foraker supported all his propositions with the force of facts and the logic of reason. He said that the question in his mind was whether it should be independence and intervention, or independence and a declaration of war outright. He argued for the latter, saying that Spain was responsible for the destruction of the Maine, according to the finding of the board of inquiry ; that the destruction of the Maine was as openly a declaration of war as if guns had been fired upon the ship from Morro Castle. Spain made claim that the battleship was destroyed by an accident on board but the board of inquiry found that its destruction was by an explosion from without, owing to the fact that the keel plates were found thirty-four feet above where they should have been found, as the ship rests on the bottom of the harbor if there had been no explosion. In concluding his address, Mr. Foraker said : "What is our duty in view of it ? Mr. President, we owe it to the brave men dead to vindicate their reputations from the brutal charge that they died of their own negligence. We. owe it, Mr. President, to the splendid record of the American navy to preserve it from the tarnish that is sought to be put upon it. We owe it, Mr. President, to our own good name among the nations of the earth that the perpetrators of such a cruel outrage shall not go unwhipped 0f 820 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY justice. No nation can afford to pass by such an affront as that in silence. This is not a case for the application of the Scriptural injunction about the turning of the other cheek, but it is a case, Mr. President, for the application of that other Scriptural injunction, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. It is not morality, it is not Christianity, it is not religion, it is not common decency, it is not common sense, but only a maudlin sentimentality to talk in the presence of such circumstances and facts about the horrors of war. War is horrible, always to be deplored, and ever to be avoided if it can be avoided consistently with the dignity and honor and the good name of the nation. But, Mr. President, much as war is to be deplored, it is a thousand times better to have it in a case like this than to be written down before all the nations of the earth as pusillanimous as wanting in pluck and courage. Yes, Mr. President, business interests may be interfered with, loss of life may occur, all apprehended evils may result, but no matter what the cost, in the presence of this great commanding duty we must go forward. The time, I repeat, for diplomacy has passed. The time for action has come. Let the doubting, the hesitating, the opposing, go to the rear, while the virile, strong-minded, patriotic, liberty-loving masses of the American people, coming from all the sections and all pursuits and avocations of life, rally as one man around our gallant army and navy, and taking up the flag of our country carry it on to triumphant victory. A victory, Mr. President, for civilization over barbarism ; a victory for the right and capacity of man to govern himself ; a victory for the western hemisphere ; a victory for Cuba ; a victory for freedom and liberty and independence ; a victory worthy of the descendants of the heroic men who achieved our own independence, and worthy of the successors of those heroic men who have since preserved and perpetuated our priceless heritage." With the termination of the war with Spain came more difficult and responsible duties, involving deep and intricate international and constitutional questions. Senator Vest, of Missouri, undertook to state the democratic position by a resoluton which he introduced for debate in open session, denying to the government constitutional power to acquire, hold and govern territory, except only with intention to ultimately make it a state of the Union. In his speech in oppositon thereto, Senator Foraker said : "It is an elementary principle of international law, that you will find stated by every writer upon international law, that each and every independent sovereign nation is equal to each and every other independent and sovereign nation of the earth—equal in power, equal in duty, equal in right, equal in obligation. To adopt this resolution is for us to declare that our fathers, who framed our organic law, either unwittingly or intentionally brought forth a nation and gave it a place in the family of nations unequal, inferior in rank, to the other sovereign and independent nations of the earth ; and that, Mr. President, I am not willing to concede." Mr. Foraker indicated his comprehensive knowledge of limitations of governmental authority as defined by the constitution and proved clearly that when territory was acquired under constitutional sanction it was not necessary to secure the consent of the people that might be inhabitants of that territory, and that it necessarily follows that they must come under the rule of the controlling power. Senator Foraker handled the Porto Rican question with equal ability, when it was claimed by. the opposition that the same laws governing the United States CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 821 must be extended to any insular possession coming under the authority of the United States. In his argument he showed conclusively that the conditions which prevailed in Porto Rico precluded the possibility of such a government as controls the Union. The legislation which he advocated and which ultimately was adopted has been upheld by the supreme court of the United States. In his arguments he referred to facts and statistics relative to the island and quoted extensively from supreme court decisions relative to the acquirement and government of insular possessions and the peoples thereof. We again quote from Mr. Gest, who said: "The republicans of Ohio appreciate Senator Foraker because of his great ability. They believe in his wisdom as a guiding power in the complex problems of statecraft. He has carved an imperishable fame for himself and the great commonwealth which he represents and has made his place secure as a friend of humanity, a supporter of freedom's progress and an eloquent champion. of the advancement and enlightenment of the human race. He formulated into law the solution of the Porto Rico, problem, in harmony with the genius of American institutions and the constitution. That law, known as the Foraker law, stands a living monument to his wisdom and statesmanship. If there were nothing more that would be enough to give him a high place. But as we have shown, Porto Rico is but one chapter. There are many —and all show work and ability. He has fought and won his remarkable successes in the law and in statesmanship, by his talent, genius and untiring labor, rather than by adventitious circumstances. His exalted excellence of mind and ideality, his versatility and talent, his personality and invincible nature, coupled with ardent patriotism and unceasing toil and devotion to duty have been the secrets of his success." It was not difficult for Mr. Foraker to at once take his place as a member of the Cincinnati bar upon his retirement from the senate, for he possesses in marked degree the power of adaptability. It may be that he will not again attempt to enter public life, but he will never cease to be a student of the grave political, sociological and economic problems which engage the country's atten-tion, and he will ever be regarded as one of the best thinking men of the age. HUGH H. BATES. Hugh H. Bates, a practitioner at the Cincinnati bar since 1906, has in the brief period of his connection with the profession won a reputation and clientage that many an Older lawyer might well envy. He was born in this city, April 27, 1880, a son of Judge Clement and Annie H. Bates. He attended the Franklin school and also the White & Sykes private school on May street, from which he was graduated in 1898. Three years were then passed as a student in the University of Cincinnati, after which he accepted the position of assistant Sunday editor of the Commercial Tribune, occupying that position in 1902-3. In the fall of the latter year he began the study of law under private instruction in New York and in 1904 took up the work of the first year in a Cincinnati Law School in which he spent two and a half years, being enabled to complete the regular course in that time, owing to the study which he had done during 822 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY the summer periods. Following his graduation he entered his father's law office and now engages in general practice and also legal compilation work which includes the publication of the Accumulative Digest. In October, 1907, Mr. Bates was united in marriage to Miss Carlisle Chenault, of Richmond, Kentucky, and to them has been born a daughter, Elizabeth Dwight, so named for her great-grandmother, Elizabeth (Dwight) Bates, who was the wife of General J. H. Bates, a West Pint graduate who served as a soldier in Florida. in the Indian war and afterward resigned from the army. At the time of the Civil war, however, he became a general in the volunteer service and later engaged in the practice of law in Cincinnati. His wife was a sister of Governor Hoadly, of Ohio. Mr. Bates is a member of the Beta Theta Pi and of the Phi Delta Phi. He maintains his residence in Covington, Kentucky, and has his office at No. 32 Atlas Bank Building. His father is one of the leading attorneys of Cincinnati and the son, stimulated by the record of the father, is making rapid progress in a profession where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit. C. HARRY GOUDY. A representative of the third generation of the family in Hamilton county, C. Harry Goudy, who is prominently connected with the merchant-tailoring business in Cincinnati, is rightly entitled to a place in a work pertaining to this city and its environs. He was born in Cincinnati in 1878, a son of Paul and Jennie (Miller) Goudy. The father was also born in this city and was engaged in the produce business for many years. Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in Company G, Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and served for three years. He was wounded but as soon as he had recovered sufficiently he returned to his company and continued at the front until the expiration of his period of enlistment. The grandfather of our subject on the paternal side was born in Pennsylvania. He came to Hamilton county at an early day and located on a farm in what is now the outskirts of the city. The mother of our subject was a daughter of Moses Miller, who was for many years a resident of Price Hill. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Gaudy were five children, their names being : William, who is now living in New Jersey ; Nettie ; Leander Robert, who is deceased ; C. Harry, the subject of this sketch ; and Florence. C. Harry. Goudy was educated in the public schools and spent his youthful days in his parents home. He early showed an aptitude for business affairs and as a young man became a salesman and served in that capacity until he decided to enter businig0i,n his own account. About igoi, when he was twenty-three years of age, he embarked in the merchant-tailoring business and from the start showed an energy and good judgment which indicated that he had made no mistake in the selection of a vocation. The business has grown steadily, and he is now at the head of one of the best known establishments of the kind in the city. He uses excellent discrimination in the selection of goods and his productions show intuitive taste of design. He employs only the most skilled workmen and is upright and fair in all his dealings, possessing to an unusual degree the esteem and confidence of his patrons. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 823 Fraternally Mr. Goudy is prominent in Masonic circles, being a member of Hoffner Lodge, No. 253, A. F: & A. M. ; Cumminsville Chapter, R. A. M. ; and Cincinnati Commandery, K. T. He has made a special study of freemasonry and in his life has exhibited the beneficial effects of many of its principles. Unusually active and energetic in business, he has the ability to attract and retain patrons and is now proprietor of one of the most flourishing merchant-tailoring establishments in the city. He has attained a reputation for promptness and reliability, which are essential elements of success and he clearly ranks as one of the representative and progressive business men of Cincinnati. WILLIAM GOODMAN. William Goodman, treasurer and manager of the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Company, manufacturers of steam pumps, pumping engines, hydraulic machinery and air compressors, of Cincinnati, has been connected with this plant since 1896 and by his ability and progressive ideas has greatly assisted in the extension of the business. He was born in Cincinnati, July 8, 1874, a son of William Austin and Grace Hastings (Griswold) Goodman, the father being one of the prominent attorneys of the city. After receiving his preliminary education in the public schools of Cincinnati, Mr. Goodman entered, the Hughes high school, from which he was graduated in 1891. He later matriculated at Haverford College, where he acquitted himself most creditably, graduating in 1895 with the degree of Bachelor of Science. Entering Harvard University, he was graduated from that institution in 1896 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He returned to Cincinnati and immediately became connected with the Laidlaw-Dunn-Gordon Company and has since devoted himself to the development of its interests with the exception of one year's service, 1898-9, as assistant engineer in the United States navy and in the office of E. D. Leavitt, consulting engineer at Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1907 he was made an officer of the company and in 1909 succeeded Walter Laidlaw as manager, a responsibility he has since discharged additionally. The main offices of the company are at New York city, being located there on account of advantages as to export business, but the manufacturing is carried on in the immense plant of the company at Elmwood Place. This is one of the largest concerns at Cincinnati and the name of the company is known all over the world, its products finding a market even in the most remote countries. The business was established as an individual enterprise by T. J. McGowan and Was reorganized in 1881 as the McGowan Pump Company, with Robert Laidlaw as secretary and treasurer. Mr. Laidlaw was born at Innerleithen, Scotland, but emigrated to America, arriving in Cincinnati in 1875. In 1887 the Laidlaw & Dunn Company was organized and purchased the business of the McGowan Pump Company, developing it upon a steadily increasing scale. The manufacturing was carried on in a large four-story building at the southeast corner of Pearl and Plum streets and in a five-story building at 186 West Second street. In 1893 the Laidlaw & Dunn Company, through its absorption of the Gordon Steam Pump Company of Hamilton, Ohio, became the Laidlaw- 824 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY Dunn-Gordon Company. The new company in the same year acquired its present location of twelve acres in Elmwood Place and built the present main machine shop and office building, having about eighty thousand square feet of floor space. Subsequent additions have increased the available floor space to about two hundred and twenty-five thousand square feet. Mr. Goodman began in the draughting room of the engineering department and rose rapidly toward the position he now occupies. Under his management the output has largely increased and, although comparatively a young man, he has gained a standing as one of the safe and progressive business men of Cincinnati. In 1902 he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Healy, a daughter of John C. and Helen (Wilber) Healy, a prominent attorney of this. city. They have two children, William and Helen Mary. In his business affairs Mr. Goodman has displayed a capacity and an insight which seldom fail: fo secure practical results and as manager of an establishment employing hundreds of persons he has demonstrated talents of a rare order. Quick of comprehension and prompt in action, he has been fortunate in making no serious mistakes. He possesses the confidence and esteem of the officers and stockholders Of the company and also of the employes, who always find in him a reliable counselor and one who fully recognizes his responsibilities to the company and his duties to his fellowmen. HON. GEORGE HOADLY, LL. D. Among Ohio's citizens whose life records have conferred honor and dignity upon the state which has honored them, none have been more respected than was Hon. George Hoadly and the record of none has been more faultless in honor, fearless in conduct and stainless in reputation. He was governor of Ohio and one of the prominent democratic leaders of the country, yet of even greater importance was the work which he accomplished as a corporation lawyer, coming to rank with the foremost in this branch of the profession in the country. He was born in New Haven, Connecticut, July 31, 1826, and was the only son of George and Mary Ann (Woolsey) Hoadly. His mother, a native of New York, was a granddaughter of Timothy Dwight, the eminent divine, and a great-granddaughter of Jonathan Edwards. George Hoadly, Sr., who was once mayor of New Haven, Connecticut, removed with his family to Cleveland, Ohio, when his son and namesake was but six years of age and there the boy attended the public schools until he reached the age of fourteen, when he entered the Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. Following the completion of his classical course, in 1844, he took up the study of 'law at Cambridge, Massachusetts, under the direction of Judge Story and Professor Simon Greenleaf. His second year was passed as a student in the law office of Charles C. Converse, then a prominent attorney of Zanesville, Ohio, and afterward a judge of the supreme court of this state. Following his arrival in Cincinnati, in September, 1846, Mr. Hoadly read law in the office of Chase & Ball, the senior partner being the illustrious Salmon P.. Chase, who was afterward a member CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 827 of President Lincoln's cabinet and still later chief justice of the United .States supreme court. The young man won the attention and friendship of the eminent jurist and became a third member of the firm upon his admission to the Ohio bar in 1847. It was in the early years of his professional career that Governor Hoadly wedded Mary. Burnet Perry, a grandniece of Judge Jacob Burnet, one of the old settlers of Ohio; The children of this marriage were three in number : George, who became a member of the law firm of Harmon, Colston, Goldsmith & Hoadly ; Edward, a civil engineer with the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway system ; and Mrs. Theodore Scarborough, a widow. Mr. Hoadly continued in the practice of law under his first partnership relation and when Mr. Chase was elected to the United States senate became prominent in the 'trial of important cases. His attitude concerning political questions also brought him into leadership and in 1851 the Ohio legislature elected him one of the judges of the superior court of Cincinnati. Four years later he became, city, solicitor and in 1859 succeeded Judge William Y. Gholson on the bench of the new superior court. Previous to this, his former preceptor and partner, then Governor Chase, offered to make him a member of the Ohio supreme court, and a similar honor was tendered him by Governor Tod, in 1862, but he declined both appointments. In 1864 he was reelected to his former position on the Cincinnati bench but resigned in 1866 to establish the law firm of Hoadly, Jackson & Johnson, which soon gained distinction among the practitioners of the west: It was almost impossible for Mr. Hoadly to keep out of politics even in his later years when it was his desire to do so. He was well fitted for leadership and none doubted his patriotism or the honesty of his motives. In the constitutional convention of 1873-4 he figured prominently and labored earnestly and influentially in the work of revising the state constitution. His early political allegiance had 'been given to the democratic party, but his opposition to some of the principles advocated by that party prior to the Civil war led him to act with- the republican party until the close of General Grant's first term. In 1876 he supported Tilden and Hendricks and at the request of the democratic committee appeared as one of the counselors for Tilden before the electoral commission when the election was contested, thus aiding in deciding the vote in the disputed. states. He was himself a prominent candidate for presidential honors in 1884, his name being brought before the national democratic convention. He was retained as counsel for the United States government in the celebrated Union Pacific Railroad case, and in 1883 his party nominated him for governor, his opponent being Hon. Joseph B. Foraker. At that time he was elected but in 1885, when Mr. Foraker was again his opponent, he was defeated. Mr. Hoadly resumed the practice of law in Cincinnati and, while he gained distinctive prominence in the field of his profession, was also active in connection with many: projects which had important bearing upon the history and progfess of Cincinnati. For twenty-three years, beginning in 1864, he held a professorship in the Cincinnati Law School and for a long period was a trustee of the. Cincinnati University. He was one 'of the counsel who successfully opposed the project of compulsory reading of the Scriptures in the public schools. He was the leading counsel of the assignee and creditors in the famous Arch- 828 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY bishop Purcell assignment and in that connection was brought forth one of the strong traits of his character. J. B. Mannix, who was the assignee of the Archbishop, was required to furnish a bond of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. Mr. Hoadly was among those who went upon the bond, and when it was revealed that the money left in the hands of Mannix had been largely dissipated and an immense sum must be made good by his bondsmen, the litigation that' followed to collect the money due from his bondsmen forms a large part of the history of the Hamilton county bar. The course which Governor Hoadly pursued, however, was characteristic. On becoming convinced that Mannix was really a defaulter, he endeavored to learn to what extent he was personally liable. All that he asked was that his share of the responsibility be determined and that he be informed upon what terms he could be released from the obligation. He was told that his share would be fifty thousand dollars, and one afternoon he walked into the office of the trustees, handed over fifty thousand dollars in cash and obtained his release from any further responsibility in the matter. This was an excellent illustration of his honesty. He had signed the bond in good faith and at once made it evident that he was willing to pay when it was proven that his belief in the integrity of Mannix was unfounded. The sum of fifty thousand dollars paid over took the greater part of his fortune, leaving him a comparatively poor man. He then went to New York, where he became senior partner in the law firm of Hoadly, Lauterbach & Johnson. In 1875 the Western Reserve College conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws. Following his arrival in New York he enjoyed a notable period cif success at the bar and succeeded ere his death in amassing a comfortable little fortune. He was never known to charge exorbitantly, as so many corporation lawyers have done, and in fact many instances are cited of his leniency in making professional charges. Before his removal to New York and after his long campaign for reelection as governor in 1885, Mr. Hoadly expressed his determination to retire altogether from politics save as he championed the principles of his party in speech or in writing. He was well acquainted with many of the national leaders of both of the old parties and, even though opposed to his political policy or views, all who knew him entertained for him the highest respect and strongest regard. Subsequent to his arrival in New York, Mr. Hoadly gave his undivided attention to his professional duties and the law firm of Hoadly, Lauterbach & Johnson, which he organized, was afterward joined by William N. Cohan and Lewis. Adler. The firm was connected principally, with corporation law, and among the important cases in which Governor Hoadly took active part as counselor and advocate was the Hocking Valley Railway case, in which the bondholders tried to cancel three million dollars worth of bonds, which they claimed had been unlawfully issued by the railway company for coal property belonging to themselves. In the Third avenue cable litigation he and his law partners were five times defeated but in the court of appeals won their suit at the sixth trial. Governor Hoadly was also successful in the Stevens will case and in the sugar trust case and won fame as a foremost corporation lawyer of America. He was the legal representative of the Jefferson Davis estate and also of Mrs. Jefferson Davis in her suit against the Bedford Publishing Company. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 829 While he retired from activity in politics, Governor Hoadly could never cease to .feel a bleep interest in the questions of vital importance to the government and when the democratic party repudiated its position concerning the money question he again supported the republican party. It was characteristic of him that he' never hesitated to vote as his judgment dictated and his judgment was the result of close investigation of the question. He was a stanch champion of Grover Cleveland and equally strong in his opposition to Bryan. It is a well known fact that the former offered him a cabinet position, which he declined. The death of Governor Hoadly occurred in August, 1902, at his summer home in Watkins, New York, when he was seventy-six years of age, and his wife passed away at Riverdale-on-the-Hudson, October 25, 1903, being then seventy-six- years of age. Her remains were brought back to Cincinnati for interment in the Spring Grove cemetery. She possessed many charming womanly qualities, entertained lavishly while her husband was governor of Ohio and possessed characteristics which won her the kindly regard of all. Governor Hoadly's death was the occasion of deep and sincere regret throughout the country and especially among the older residents of Ohio and his colleagues at the bar. Senator Foraker said : "Governor Hoadly's death does not come as a surprise, for it has been well known for some time that he was in failing health and that he was approaching the end. Nevertheless, it is with much regret that the whole country, and his friends in particular, will hear of his demise. He lived a long life. It was one of great activity. His energies were devoted almost exclusively to his profession, but. he was always interested in public affairs. Those who differed from him found in him a man of broad and intelligent .views, with kindly consideration and sincere respect for his opponent. His greatest achievements were professional. He had a natural aptitude for the law. In New York, where he spent the last years of his life, quite as much as in Ohio, he was recognized as a leader at the bar. It was my fortune to know him pretty well. I saw much of him as a practicing lawyer and perhaps had more reason to study him carefully in his political relations than anybody else. He was always brilliant, always aggressive and always exceedingly interesting and entertaining, whether you were in accord with him or not. My personal relations with him were always cordial and agreeable. Although we opposed each other twice for the governorship, there was never a harsh word spoken by either of the other in our campaign addresses, and the friendship that began almost at the very moment when I was admitted to the bar continued without interruption through life. I shall always remember him with great respect, great admiration of his abilities and high character, and with profound regret that I shall see him no more." At his passing, the governor of Ohio, through Secretary of State L. C. Laylin, said : "Ohio has lost one of her best loved sons. George Hoadly died yesterday at his summer home in Watkins, New York, at the age of seventy-six. His integrity, ability and learning as a lawyer were recognized not only by the bar of Ohio but by the bar of the United States. After many years devoted to the active practice of .his chosen profession in our state, he was chosen by the people in 1883 as the governor of Ohio. In this important position and in the discharge of his official duties, the same great ability and sterling integrity which made his life as a lawyer conspicuous, characterized his every 830 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY act. He left office honored and beloved by all the people. In recent years he has been engaged in the practice of his honorable profession in the city of New York. The people of Ohio, regardless of party, will be among the mourners who bow their heads in sorrow on account of this sad bereavement. Out of respect to his memory it is hereby ordered that the flag be displayed at half-staff over the state capital until after the obsequies." Aside from his professional or political connections, Governor Hoadly was ,a man whose acquaintance was prized, whose friendship was cherished. He had a fund of humor that enabled him to see the laughable side of a situation, yet no one could be more deadly in earnest when the occasion demanded. He could adapt himself to any situation and yet he never deviated from the standards which he set up for himself—standards which conformed to the highest ethical teachings and which indicated in fullest measure an appreciative understanding of the obligations, responsibilities and opportunities of life. WILLIAM W. WILLIAMS. William W. Williams belongs to the little crowd of distinctively representative business men who have been active in inaugurating and building up the chief industries of this section of the country. His connection with any undertaking insures a prosperous outcome of the same, for it is in his nature to carry forward to successful completion whatever he undertakes. It is, therefore, not a matter of marvel that the Williams Shoe Company, conducting business at 4022-24-26 Cherry street in the manufacture of men's shoes, is rapidly forging to the front as one of the leading productive industries of the city. Of this company Mr. Williams is the president. He is yet a young man, his birth having occurred in Hillsboro, Illinois, in 1873. He was reared, however, in Hillsboro, Ohio, and his educational opportunities were those afforded by the public schools. After leaving school he secured the position of driver on a delivery wagon for a grocery in Hillsboro and at one time was identified with the retail shoe business. For several years he acted as a clerk in connection with the retail shoe trade in Cincinnati and from 1901 until 1907 was manager of a store in Hamilton, Ohio. He then returned, to again become a factor in business circles in this city and organized the Williams Shoe Company for the manufacture of men's shoes. .At that time they erected their present factory which has twenty thousand feet of floor space in one building and twelve thousand feet in the other. They have a wholesale department and retail store on Sixth street between Vine and Race. They manufacture the Scion shoe for men and have about two hundred operatives in the factory, of whom sixty are girls. The present officers of the company are William W. Williams, president and manager, and H. O. Johnston, secretary and treasurer. The business is capitalized for four hundred and thirty thousand dollars. The factory is splendily equipped with modern machinery, hours are reasonable, prices fair and justice is always maintained in relation to employes as well as to patrons. They sell direct to retailers and ship their goods to thirty-two different states, being represented CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 831 upon the road by eight traveling salesmen. The house has built up a notable reputation and the business is growing along substantial and gratifying lines. Mr. Williams was married in Cleveland, Ohio, to Miss Lenora Dunlap, and they have one child, Robert Dunlap. The Masonic fraternity finds in Mr. Williams an exemplary member, business circles an honorable and enterprising representative and his associates in social life a faithful friend. In matters of citizenship he is public-spirited and gives hearty and helpful cooperation to various movements for the general good. HENRY E. DECKEBACH. Henry E. Deckebach is president of The F. C. Deckebach Sons Company and therefore a prominent figure in business circles. In his present official capacity he is active in the management of an enterprise that has continuously existed here since 1840. While he had the advantage of starting in business in connection with a concern long established upon a substantial basis, he has proved his worth in the extension of its' scope and in the careful management of its interests, displaying at all times that sound judgment which prevents erratic movements such as make failure possible. His father, F. C. Deckebach, whose name is continued in the firm style, was born in Germany and spent his youthful days in that country. At the age of sixteen he came to America and learned the copper and brass business with his uncle, Henry Deckebach. Subsequently he became a bookkeeper and afterward manager of the works. He was a practical coppersmith and his thorough knowledge of the trade, combined with executive force, well qualified him for the conduct and further development of the business that had been established by his uncle, Henry Deckebach, in 1840. Today an extensive business in brass and bronze foundry work and copper work is conducted, and with the upbuilding of the enterprise F. C. Deckebach was closely .and helpfully associated. He was married in Cincinnati to Miss Caroline Traub, of Clermont county, Ohio, who was born in Germany, as were her parents. She is still living and resides on Court street. Mr. and Mrs. Deckebach had a family of four children, three of whom were formerly connected with the brass and bronze foundry, but Henry E. Deckebach is the only one now actively associated with the business. His brother, George Edward, was president of the company at the time of his death, which occurred in 1903. Frederick C., also connected with the business, died in 1899. Henry E. is the third of the family and Frank George, of Salem., Oregon, is the youngest. The father died in 1877, at the age of forty-six years, and thus passed away one who was widely and favorably known in connection with the industrial development of the city. Henry E. Deckebach was born in 1862, on the third floor of the building in which The F. C. Deckebach Sons Company is now operating. He supplemented his public-school education by a course of study in Nelson's Business College and when twelve years of age began to work in his father's shop, early becoming thoroughly acquainted with every phase of the business. The company was incorporated in 1884. Henry E. Deckebach served as secretary and treasurer 832 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY of the company until 1903, when he was elected president following the death of his brother, and George F. Schmidt, an employe of the house from 1894, was made secretary of the company at that time. The most modern methods are pursued and the latest improved machinery is used in the establishment, which is now located at Nos. 123-129 West Court street, having occupied this site throughout the entire period of its existence since 1840. They also have a factory at Nos. 916-918 Elm street, to take care of their increasing business. From thirty-five to forty employes represent the house in its manufacturing departments. Mr. Deckebach devotes his entire attention to the business with which he has so long been identified. In 1895 he was united in marriage to Miss Amelia A. Schlee, of Columbus, Ohio, and they have become the parents of two children, Margaret Schlee and Nicholas Emil. The family occupy a beautiful residence at the corner of Marion and Alexander avenues, which was erected by Mr. Deckebach in 1901. In his fraternal relations he is well known as a Mason, having attained the Thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite and the Knight Templar degree in Hanselmann Commandery, with which he has been connected since 1887, and has been past eminent commander since 1893. For twenty years he has been a member of Syrian Temple of the Mystic Shrine and at all times is loyal to the teachings and purposes of the craft. He likewise belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Cincinnati Commercial Club. A lifelong resi-dent of Cincinnati, he is widely known and that his entire record is worthy of commendation and respect is indicated by the fact that many of his stanchest friends are those who have known him from boyhood to the present day. HENRY BURKHOLD. As a financier and business manager Henry Burkhold ranks very high in Cincinnati. He has demonstrated his ability by his connection with important concerns for many years and there are many persons who accept his judgment in business affairs without question. This is a high compliment to any man and indicates that Mr. Burkhold possesses rare judgment. He was for thirty-five years identified with banking in Cincinnati and has been eminently success-ful in his various enterprises. Of good Teutonic parentage on both sides of the house, he was born in Cincinnati, April 5, 1855, and is a son of Frank and Christine Burkhold. The parents were both natives of Germany and emigrated to America about 1853, locating in Cincinnati. The father engaged in the cabinet-making business in this city during the remainder of his life. He died in 1873, at the age of fifty-six, and his wife was called away in 1901, having ar-rived at the advanced age of eighty-five years. They were both buried at Mount Washington cemetery. Henry Burkhold received his early education in the public schools and applied himself to his studies until he was thirteen years of age. He then entered the Franklin Bank as errand boy and continued with this institution uninterruptedly from 1868 until 1903, a period of more. than a third of a century. Beginning at the bottom round of the ladder, he climbed to the top and when he retired CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 833 from the bank he was its president—a position he filled to the entire satisfaction of the board of directors and the depositors. He is now president of the Luhrig Coal Company and is also serving as president of the I. & E. Greenwald Company, manufacturers of machinery. He has been prominent in various enterprises and was secretary and treasurer of the Cincinnati, Columbus & Wooster Turnpike Company for seventeen years and held similar offices in connection with the Batavia Turnpike & Miami Bridge Company. He was also vice president of the Washington Insurance Company and has been a prominent factor in a number of other successful business concerns. In June, 1877, Mr. Burkhold was married, at Cincinnati, to Miss Lizzie A. Grossmith, a daughter of the late William Grossmith, of this city. Two children have been born to this union : Ada, who married L. D. Oliver, of the law firm of Baily, Oliver & Oliver, of Cincinnati ; and Elizabeth H., who is secretary of the Luhrig Coal Company. Mr. Burkhold and his family occupy a beautiful residence at Hyde Park, while his office is at 514 Main street. He has taken the interest of a patriotic citizen in the selection of competent men for public office but has never sought political preferment for himself, the only public position he has ever held being that of councilman of Linwood. He has been a liberal supporter of worthy causes and as a gentleman of unimpeachable character and sterling qualities of mind and heart he ranks among the honored citizens of Hamilton county. CHARLES M. PAUL, M. D. The successful surgeon requires courage, skill, judgment and decision of character, and the man who would gain prominence in this profession must possess well developed self-reliance. Dr. Charles M. Paul, of Cincinnati, has apparently met all the requirements of this difficult calling, as he is known as one of the leading surgeons of the city. He was born at Aberdeen, Brown county, Ohio, December 5, 1868, and attended school at Ironton, Ohio, graduating from the Ironton high school in 1888. He engaged in the drug business for a few years and then entered the Medical College of Ohio, from which he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1896. For eighteen months following his graduation he served as resident physician at the Cincinnati Hospital and since that time has engaged in active practice, his office now being at No. 19 West Seventh street. On account of his thorough training, keen apprehension and close application to his duties he has attracted an extensive and constantly growing patronage. In addition to his private work he found time to fill the position, for several years up to 1910, as demonstrator of surgery at the Medical College of Ohio. He is a member of the Academy of Medicine of Cincinnati, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and also of the Campbell-Kenton Counties (Kentucky) Medical Association, the Nu Sigma Nu Medical college fraternity and the Alumni Association of the Medical College of Ohio. In June, 1903, Dr. Paul was united in marriage to Miss Alice Sayler and they have one child. Dr. Paul is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He has 834 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY never given much attention to politics or to diversions of club life, as his time and energies have mainly been devoted to his profession. He is a man of marked individuality and great persistence and his laudable ambition has carried him steadily forward. JESSE WILBUR DARLING. Jesse Wilbur Darling, who is the owner of the J. W. Darling Lumber Company, of Cincinnati, and of The Wilhelm Lumber Company, of Wilhelm, Louisiana, was born at Wheeling, West Virginia, May 6, 1873, where the Darling family were among the early settlers. Daniel Darling, the great-great-grandfather of Jesse W. Darling, came over from Wales in the year 1770 and settled in Delaware. He served in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war and died in 1795 at the age of forty-five years. His son, James Darling, the great-grandfather of Jesse W. Darling, was born September 18, 1786. In 1796 the family went farther west and settled in western Virginia, where James Darling was later engaged in the tanning business. He died near Wheeling, West Virginia, June 4, 1876. His son, William C. Darling, Jesse W. Darling's grandfather, was born near Wheeling, West Virginia, September 29, 1820, and is still living, being nearly ninety-two years old. He was a Methodist minister until he became superannuated several years ago. Robert Fulton Darling, son of William C. Darling and father of Jesse W. Darling, was born at New Martinsville, West Virginia, March 6, 1848. On July 14, 1870, he wedded Miss Elizabeth Reader, a daughter of John Reader of Centerville, Belmont county, Ohio, whose ancestors were the old Reader and Matson families of eastern Ohio. He resided in Wheeling, West Virginia, until 1884, when he located at Ironton, Ohio, where he was engaged in the iron and steel business. In 1897 his business caused him to locate in Cincinnati. He resided across the river in Covington, Kentucky, where he died August 25, 1906. Jesse W. Darling, after receiving the rudiments of his education in the public schools, completed a high-school course at Ironton, Ohio. In 1891, after leaving school, he entered the employ of The Nicola Brotners Lumber Company, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, at their branch lumberyard at Ironton, Ohio. In 1892 he became assistant manager of a sawmill of the company's near Parkersburg, West Virginia. In 1893 he was made manager of the interests of the company in southeastern Kentucky, consisting of two sawmills. He remained in that capacity until 1896, when he entered the company's sales department. In 1897 he took charge of the Buffalo, New York, offices of the company, handling the sales of New York state. In 1898 he was given the management of the company's southwestern business with offices at Cincinnati. In the same year, having purchased some of the capital stock of the company from his savings, he was elected a director in same. After continuing in this position until 1901, he sold his interests in the company and began business in Cincinnati under the name of the J. W. Darling Lumber Company. In 1908 he purchased the sawmill business of The Wilhelm Lumber Company, of Wilhelm, Louisiana, and he is still the owner of both companies. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 837 On April 17, 1901, Mr. Darling wedded Miss Florence Taylor Smith, daughter of Henry T. Smith, of Buffalo, New York. Her mother was Miss Florence Taylor, of Cincinnati, daughter of George Huston Taylor, of the old wholesale firm of Taylor & Odiorne on Front street, Cincinnati. Henry T. Smith and Miss Florence Taylor were married on January 7, 1868, in Christ Episcopal church in Cincinnati. Mrs. Darling is a descendant of the old Granger family, who were among the early settlers of Buffalo, her grandmother, Beulah Granger, being the daughter of Erastus Granger, son of a Revolutionary officer. Erastus Granger went out to Buffalo in the Jeffersonian political interests and held every federal position in the community at the same time—United States Indian agent, postmaster and collector of the port. He acquired large areas of land, a large portion of which he later gave to the city of Buffalo for parks and other purposes, 'among which is today the beautiful Forest Lawn cemetery. Mr. and Mrs. Darling are the parents of three children: Florence Elizabeth, born May 14, 1903 Jessie Wilburta, horn April 4, 1908 ; and Beulah Helen, born August 25, 1911. They reside on Cameron avenue in South Norwood and are members of the Episcopal church of that suburb. Mr. Darling is a member of the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati and various other organizations. In politics he is a republican. COLONEL COLLIN FORD. In the days when America was a British dependency the ancestors of Colonel Collin Ford came to the new world. The family is of Scotch origin but for a number of generations has been represented in this land, and Alexander Ford, the grandfather of the Colonel, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. His son, Uriah Ford, devoted his entire life to agricultural pursuits and died in Williams county, Missouri, in 1887, at the age of seventy-seven years, having for more than two decades survived his wife, who passed away in 1854 at the age of forty-seven years and was laid to rest in the Norwich township graveyard of Huron. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Duling and belonged to the well known old Duling family of Virginia, where they owned large plantations and many slaves. Colonel Collin Ford was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, August 29, 1827, and acquired his early education in the public schools of Huron county, Ohio, while subsequently he became a student in the Norwalk Baptist Academy and later studied for a brief period at Oberlin College. An attack of typhoid fever, however, forced him to discontinue his studies. He afterward taught school in Huron county, Ohio, and was called to the superintendency of the schools at Germantown, Montgomery county, where his educational service covered a period of four years. Impaired health caused him to abandon the work of the schoolroom for a time and he resumed his profession at Lebanon, Ohio, where he taught Latin and Greek in the normal school for six months. At the end of that time the superintendent of the public schools there died, and when the school Vol. IV-41 838 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY board sought a man to fill the place, Colonel Ford was chosen superintendent and principal teacher in the high school, which position he held for two years. In the meantime the country had become involved in the Civil war and, feeling that his first duty was in support of the Union cause, Colonel Ford enlisted, as a private and on the organization of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Infantry was appointed first lieutenant. He participated in all the engagements and services of that regiment from the beleaguering of Cincinnati by Kirby Smith in 1862, to June, 1864, when in the Atlanta campaign he was overcome with heat and sent to the Officers' Hospital at Nashville, Tennessee. At the end of three weeks he received an order from the war department transferring him to the One Hundredth United States .Volunteers, with the rank of major. He organized this regiment and drilled it so perfectly that at the end of a month it was regarded as the best drilled regiment in the vicinity of Nashville. Major Ford remained in command from June, 1864, until late in January, 1865. In the battle of Nashville Major Ford commanded his regiment, holding the extreme left. Charging the rebels at daylight on the morning of December 15, he drove them from their first line of works, and held his position all day. He made the last charge of that battle, on Overton Hill, at 4 o'clock of the second day, and in that charge lost twenty-nine per cent of his command. He was brevetted lieutenant colonel and colonel for faithful services. After the battle of Nashville and the completion of the campaign against Hood, Colonel Ford's health was so shattered that he was unfit for field service and General Thomas detailed him as a member of the military commission at Nashville. Shortly afterward the commission was reorganized with reference to Major Ford's rank, making him its president. As such he tried many cases, of which the most conspicuous was that of the guerrilla chief, Champ Ferguson. This trial continued for forty-two days. General Thomas had refused Ferguson the right to surrender as a soldier under the cartel between Grant and Lee, but sent out and captured him as an outlaw. The man was most ably defended; the leading attorneys being Judge Gill of Tennessee and .Captain Goodwin of Indiana. Several officers of the Confederate army were brought before the commission to prove that Ferguson was a soldier, but the attempts utterly failed. The testimony of many witnesses showed conclusively that Ferguson had never been .a soldier, but was a freebooter of the boldest and most dangerous type. It was proven that he had committed fifty-six murders, some of them of the most gruesome kind. He was condemned to death. The choice of Colonel Ford as president of the commission was a wise one—knowledge of the law united with his well balanced mind, and an innate sense of justice and love for that which is right, well fitted him for guiding in the deliberations and contests of this famous trial. Following the war Colonel Ford engaged in the practice of law at Lebanon, Ohio. He served as prosecuting attorney one term. He then came to Cincinnati, where he entered the life insurance field and for the past thirty years has been manager of the Aetna Life Insurance Company of Hartford, Connecticut. He has his offices in the Commercial Tribune building. He employs a large force of clerks and agents, and has a comprehensive understanding of the business, being regarded as one of the foremost insurance men of the middle west. CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 839 Colonel Ford has been married twice. In Lorain county, Ohio, he married Miss Mary E. Jameson, who died in 1870, leaving five children, four sons and a daughter : Mary Elizabeth, now the wife of Thomas C. Shipley, a retired business man; Collin, a mechanical and civil engineer, who is now engaged with the Aetna Life Insurance Company ; Allen H. and William, who are also connected with their father as partners in business; and Freddie, who died in infancy. Colonel Ford was again married on the 5th of September, 1872, when in Cincinnati he wedded Miss Abby M. Ware, a daughter of Samuel W. and Charlotte Martin Ware, the former one of the pioneer business men of this city. The family reside at No. 248 Ludlow avenue, Clifton. In Masonry Colonel Ford is a Knight Templar, and in politics a republican. In religion he is a Baptist. The Colonel and Mrs. Ford have been active members of the Ninth Street Baptist church of Cincinnati for many years. His life has been one of unremitting energy and toil, and to his industry, his temperate habits and his careful living may be attributed his success in life. He is a man of valorous spirit, meeting every difficulty with the same courage which he manifested when he faced the enemy's bullets on southern battlefields. He has never faltered when duty called either in public or private life, and his record in all of its various chapters is most commendable. WHITEMAN EDWIN SMITH. The field of business is limitless and its prizes are many. It is a trite saying that there is always room at the top and yet the great majority of men lack the determination and persistency of purpose to continue in a given line and put forth sufficient effort to reach a position of leadership. Knowing that diligence, economy .and perseverance are the milestones which mark the path to success, Mr. Smith has followed the highroad thus marked out and today occupies a creditable position in commercial circles for one of his years, having since 1908 been at the head of a growing business which is conducted under the name of Whiteman E. Smith & Company, merchandise brokers. He was born at Clifton, Cincinnati, June 20, 1879, a son of Charles Edwin and Sophie (Whiteman) Smith. The Whiteman family was established in Cincinnati in 1829 and here the maternal grandfather became a prominent figure in insurance circles, eventually being elected to the presidency of the Merchants & Manufacturers Insurance Company. The paternal grandfather, Richard Smith, usually known as Deacon Smith, was a prominent factor in political circles and was proprietor of the Commercial Gazette of Cincinnati. He was the son of a Presbyterian minister who engaged in preaching the gospel in Ireland. The family has been represented in this country since about 1830. Charles Edwin Smith, the father of Whiteman E. Smith, was a journalist and in the year 1880 was called to his final rest, his grave being made in. Spring Grove cemetery, where five years later his wife was also laid to rest. 840 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY In the old Clifton school Whiteman E. Smith pursued his education to the age of eleven years and later entered the Franklin Institute, from which he was graduated at the age of eighteen. His first practical training along business lines came in connection with railway service and covered a period of six years. He afterward enjoyed a vacation and in 1908 established himself in his present line under the style of Whiteman E. Smith & Company, merchandise brokers. This undertaking has met with success from the beginning, showing that it was founded upon a safe basis and that the methods pursued in its conduct were wisely chosen. Mr. Smith is also a stockholder in various other Cincinnati enterbusinessnd his investments in busineSs are bringing him substantial returns which place him with the city's men of affluence. He turns aside from business to cast his ballot for the men and measures of the republican party and to attend the services of the Protestant Episcopal church, of which he is a member. At Covington, Kentucky, on the 10ioth of October, 1902, Mr. Smith was married to Miss Jean Abbott, a daughter of George M. and Eugenia (Garland) Abbott. Her father is now secretary and treasurer of the C. N. & C. Light and Traction Company. Mr. and Mrs. Smith had two children but Jean Whiteman died at the age of three years. A little daughter, Marjorie Abbott, is now in .her second year and is the light and life of the family home at No. 3608 Clifton avenue. This residence was erected by Mr. Smith's maternal grandfather and is one of the old landmarks of that section of the city. A. B. HEILEMANN. Recognized as one of the competent and flourishing merchants of Cincinnati, also being head of one of the happiest families of the city, A. B. Heilemann has well sustained his part in life and is fully entitled to the unqualified esteem of his associates and acquaintances. He has engaged in the shoe business ever since his boyhood and as he early gained a practical knowledge of this line and laid a safe foundation, his efforts have been rewarded with gratifying success. He was born in Cincinnati, February 28, 1857, and is a son of John B. Heilemann, a custom shoemaker who came to America from Hanover, Germany, in 1848 and located at Cincinnati. He was a member of the Home Guard at the time of the Civil war and assisted in building trenches for the defense of the city along the state boundary line. He died in 1902, at the age of eighty-four years, his wife passing away six years later, being also eighty-four years of age. They are both buried in the family lot at St. Mary's cemetery. Mr. Heilemann of this sketch received his preliminary education in the parochial schools of Newport and continued his studies at the Purcell Business College. At the age of fourteen he began to learn the shoe business under his father and at eighteen years of age left his father's employ and engaged as a salesman under J. B. Wames, a well known shoe merchant of the city. Mr. Wames was not in good health and he left the management of the business largely to Mr. Heilemann who continued with him for four years. At the end of the time named Mr. Heilemann of this review and his father purchased a small store from Mrs. Frank Giese, which they conducted from 1881 to 1891 CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 841 when the father retired. The son then moved into a larger building on the same street, buying out Mrs. Weber, the mother of John C. Weber, the bandmaster and orchestra leader, and these quarters not being large enough to accommodate his increasing patronage, he moved in 1904 to No. 112 West Elder street. Here he occupies two floors with a frontage of forty feet and a depth of eighty feet and is at the head of a well known and thoroughly established business which is the result very largely of his personal exertions and the excellent way in which he manages his affairs. He is also vice president of the Heilemann Art Embroidery Company and a member of the board of directors of the Unity Savings Bank. On June 8, 1886, at Cincinnati, Mr. Heilemann was married to Miss Caroline Ziegler, and their silver wedding was celebrated at their home on June 8, 1911, the event being one of the happiest of their lives. Mrs. Heilemann is a daughter of Jacob Ziegler, for many years connected with the American Book Concern and one of the original promoters of that enterprise. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Heilemann : Alexander B., who received the degree of B. A. from St. Xavier College in 1907 and is now secretary and treasurer of the Heilemann Art Embroidery Company ; Elmer J., who is a graduate of the Ohio Mechanics Institute and is superintendent of the Heilemann Art Embroidery factory ; and Lillian, who is a graduate of Notre Dame University and is now living at home. Politically Mr. Heilemann is independent, preferring to cast his ballot for the individual rather than in support of any party or organization. In religious belief he adheres to the Catholic church and socially is identified with the Knights of Columbus. In 1906 he erected a commodious and tastefully designed residence at No. 16 Albany avenue where he may be found in his leisure hours enjoying the comforts of a peaceful home. He has demonstrated in his life position, influence and financial independence are within the reach of those who have firm determination and who steadily persevere even in the face of great obstacles. In the midst of a competency accumulated through his own industry and possessing the confidence of all who know him, Mr. Heilemann finds his earlier dreams more than realized, but he is still pressing forward to wider fields of accomplishment and it is scarcely to be doubted that there are before him many years of activity and useful endeavor. WALTER E. PERRY. The shoe manufacturing business is one of the great industries of America and has made vast strides during the recollection of the present generation, the factories of this country now sending their products to all the civilized countries of the world. Among the men in Cincinnati who have been closely identified with shoe manufacturing for many years is Walter E. Perry who is now prominently connected with Helmers, Bettmann & Company, manufacturers of fine shoes. He was born at Rockland, Massachusetts, in May, 1857, a son of William G. and Charlotte B. Perry. The father was one of the pioneer shoe manufacturers of Rockland and gained a wide reputation on account of his skill and 842 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY ability in this business. He died in April, 1907, having reached the age of eighty-one years, while his wife passed away in September, 1909. Both are buried at Rockland. Walter E. Perry possessed advantages of education in the public schools of his native city, continuing in the high school until he was eighteen years of age. He then entered the Bryant & Stratton Commercial College and after taking a course in that institution began under his father to learn the shoe manufacturing business. He continued for three years in the factory, passing through the vari-ous departments and acquiring practical knowledge which he has been able to apply successfully not only to his own advantage but to that of his employers. After leaving his father's factory he occupied various positions in the east, but believing that opportunities were more plentiful in the growing middle west, he came to Cincinnati in 1892 and began with Helmers, Bettmann & Company as foreman, later being advanced to the position of superintendent of the factory. In 1906 he resigned from this position and was connected with the Krippendorf-O'Neill Company, shoe manufacturers, with whom he continued until their fac-tory was destroyed by fire. Since that time he has again been identified with Helmers, Bettmann & Company. On the 29th of September, 1880, at North Abington, Massachusetts, Mr. Perry was married to Miss Adeline Hatch, a daughter of John W. Hatch, for many years a resident of South Scituate, Massachusetts. Mr. Hatch is a promi-nent member of the Masonic order and he and his wife are now living in Cincin-nati. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Perry: Alma G., who married Fred Bush, of Cincinnati ; Effie N., who is the wife of John Metcalfe bookkeeper for the Hatfield Coal Company ; and Hazel L., who lives at home. All of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Perry were graduated at the Covington high school. The home of the family is at Fort Thomas and is a center of many pleasant gatherings, friends and acquaintances always being assured of a cordial greeting. Mr. Perry came to Cincinnati about twenty years ago and has gained the confidence and goodwill of his business associates and an established reputa-tion as one of the wide-awake and progressive men of the city. He has never sought to figure in public affairs but in politics is in thorough sympathy with the platforms and candidates of the democratic party. WILLIAM F. GROENE. History was. formerly a record of wars and conquests, an account of continued contests for supremacy of one family, tribe or nation over another, but with the development of business all this has changed and history has become today a record of trade and manufacture. The conquests are those of mind over matter and the leaders of the world are those who are in charge of productive interests and industries. Among the important business concerns of Cincinnati is that of the R. H. Le Blond Machine Tool Company of which William F. Groene is a director and also manager of the engineering department. He has been connected with this enterprise, which is located at No. 4609 Eastern CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 843 avenue, since 1894, and since 1905 has occupied his present relation with the house. The work he has already accomplished is an earnest of his future success. He is yet a young man, his birth having occurred in Cincinnati, April 23, 1878. His parents were Henry F. and Hannah Groene, representing a family of German origin although residents of the United States for the last eighty years. The father was a printer by trade and lived an active, useful life. His family numbered four children of whom two died in infancy, the surviving sister of our subject being Lillian Groene. The father died Decmber 20, 1910, at the age of . fifty-eight years and was laid to rest in the German Lutheran cemetery. His widow, however, still survives and is living on Victor street in Clifton Heights. William F. Groene attended the public schools and the Woodward high school, wherein he pursued his studies to his sixteenth year, when he entered business circles, accepting a position as an office clerk with the Bartholomew Wagon Company. He regarded this, however, merely as an initial step to other and more important work and to qualify for larger undertakings he took up the study of mechanical engineering, winning a diploma in 1894 upon graduation from the Ohio Mechanical Institute. His practical training was received as apprentice in the shop of the R. K. Le Blond Machine Tool Company between 1894 and 1896. Later he was appointed to the position of draftsman and continued to act in that capacity until he was given full charge of the engineering department. He has remained in that capacity and also serves as one of the droeners of the company. Mr. Groene was married in Cincinnati, July 3, 1900, to Miss Josie Wiegand, a daughter of John and Katherina Wiegand, the former a native of Germany but for over twenty years a resident of Cincinnati, where he was employed as stationary engineer by the Gerke Brewing Company. He died in 1900 and was laid to rest in St. Mary's cemetery. His widow survived him for only a few months, when her remains were interred by his side. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Groene have been born two sons : William, ten years of age, now attending public school ; and Willard, a little lad of two summers. The family reside at No. 1311 Delta avenue in a modern residence erected by Mr. Groene. In politics he is a republican but his independent tendencies cause him to vote at local elections without regard to party ties. In Masonry he has attained the Royal Arch chapter degree and he belongs to the American Mechanical Engineering Society, which indicates his interest in his chosen calling. WILLIAM B. SCHAWE. William B. Schawe, treasurer of The Krippendorf Dittmann Company, shoe manufacturers at 622 Sycamore street, Cincinnati, and one of the substantial business men of the city, was born in this city March 17, 1863, a son of John Henry and Julie Schawe, the father being of German and the mother of French parentage. John Schawe emigrated to America from Osnabruck, Germany, in 1849 with Cincinnati as his objective point. When he arrived in this city he had fifty cents in his pocket but he did not look forward with fear to the future 844 - CINCINNATI--THE QUEEN CITY as he was an experienced cigar maker and soon found employment at his trade. After a few years he accumulated sufficient capital to start as a cigar manufacturer and tobacco jobber. He became one of the well known and successful men of the city. He died in 1899, at the age of seventy-one years, his wife passing away in July, 1910, at the age of seventy-seven. They were buried in St. Bernard's cemetery. In St. Louis parochial school William B. Schawe received his primary education. He pursued his studies further in the second intermediate school and the old Woodward high school, gaining a good foundation for a useful life. At the age of sixteen he left school and then taught in the Columbia parochial school but he soon arrived at the conclusion that he was not destined to be a schoolmaster and, accordingly, secured a position as. clerk with Krippendorf & Dittmann. In 1885 he was advanced to the position of bookkeeper and cashier and when the company was incorporated, in 1894, became one of its directors and has ever since served as its treasurer. His methodical and painstaking ways, his general courtesy and his perfect acquaintance with the details of the business have made him an efficient officer and he has greatly assisted in advancing the interests of the company. He has served as an officer in various other concerns but on account of the pressing demands upon his time in his own business he was obliged to withdraw from all outside enterprise and he now devotes his entire energies to the business in which he is most interested. On the 15th of September, 1886, Mr. Schawe was married at Cincinnati to Miss Clara Yungbluth, a daughter of Stephen and Amelie Yungbluth. The father was a native of France and emigrated to this country, devoting his attention to the coal business. He and his wife are both buried in Calvary cemetery, on Walnut Hills. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Schawe: Clara, who is a graduate of the Thane Miller School, of Avondale; and William J., who is an inspector of The Krippendorf, Dittmann Company. Mr. Schawe erected a beautiful modern residence at No. 996 Lenox place, Avondale, in 1910, and there he and his family make their home. He is a sincere adherent of the Catholic church in whose folds he was reared, and in politics he supports the republican party nationally but in local affairs is independent. Liberally endowed at birth with large mental gifts, he has by earnest application and the wide improvement of opportunities gained a prominent position in the community. He is known as a progressive business man and a persistent worker who generally accomplishes whatever he undertakes. HALL HAGEMEYER. Hall Hagemeyer, vice president of the Tennessee Lumber & Coal Company, is a prominent young business man who plainly deserves honorable mention in a history treating of Cincinnati and of the men who are actively identified with the interests of the city and its tributary territory. He was born at Butler, Kentucky, in 1880, a son of C. C. and Mary E. (Hall) Hagemeyer. The father is a native of Bremen, Germany, and was born in 1849, being a son of J. C. W. and A. R. C. (Petersen) Hagemeyer. He came to America with his parents in 1854 and located in Cincinnati, where J. C. Petersen, his grandfather on the CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 847 maternal side, had taken up his residence two years previous. J. C. W. Hagemeyer engaged in cigar making and continued in Cincinnati until his death which occurred when he was seventy-six years of age. The son C. C. was educated in the public schools and at Woodward high school. He was for four years connected with the grocery firm of Brown, Stout & Butler, but at the end of that time the firm went out of business and he entered the employ of the Licking River Lumber and Mining Company and has ever since been identified with the lumber and mining business. He spent eight years in the mountains of Kentucky in behalf of the company, of which he became a member, and in 1875 went to Boston Station as superintendent. Five years later he purchased a saw and flouring mill at Butler, Kentucky, and established the firm of C. C. Hagemeyer & Company. This firm was later incorporated and he has ever since occupied the office of president. About fifteen years ago he established the Covington Lumber Company, of which he was the head until 1910, when he sold out after the plant had been visited by fire. In April, 1901, he was elected president of the H. L. Mickle Lumber Company, which handles yellow pine upon an extensive scale. He was the principal organizer of the Tennessee Lumber & Coal Company and has been its president ever since it was incorporated. He is a member of the Lumbermen's Club and also of Bostwick Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Butler, where he still maintains his residence. His religious belief .is indicated by membership in the Methodist Episcopal church in which he served as steward He is greatly interested in Sunday school work and is now superintendent of the Sunday school at Butler. He has been twice married, the maiden name of his first wife being Mary Hall, a daughter of John W. Hall, of Pendleton, Kentucky. To this union four children were born: Christine, who is the wife of B. L. Frye, of Mason, Ohio ; Hall, of this review ; Bartlett ; and Clifford. Mr. Hagemeyer subsequently married Miss Martha Wiley, a daughter of Eli Wiley, of Charleston, Illinois, and they have two children, Mabel and Helen. In the public schools of his native town Halt Hagemeyer received his preliminary education. He grew to manhood under favorable conditions for a successful business life and in 1899 went to Tennessee, where he gained a practical knowledge of the lumber and coal business. He has been associated with his father in business for twelve years past and after the incorporation of the Tennessee Lumber & Coal Company was elected vice president of that organization, a position which he is filling with marked utility. The sawmills of the company are located on the Clear Fork and Emory rivers and the company also owns a large planing mill for the manufacture of hardwood flooring, at Glenmary, Tennessee. The mills of this company manufacture about twenty-five million feet of lumber per year and the product is disposed of in Kentucky, Pennsylvania and New York state. The general offices were established in Cincinnati in Two and the business under energetic and competent management has shown a gratifying increase. Mr. Hagemeyer has applied himself closely to his chosen calling and there are few men of his age in the middle west who can claim a more intimate acquaintance with the lumber and coal business. He has proved in all the relations of life entirely trustworthy and as a citizen has performed his part in advancing the general welfare. Combining the sturdy characteristics of thrift, persever- 848 - CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY ance and capacity for earnest labor, he has won an enviable position among his associates. He is well known socially and is prominent in the Masonic order. being a member of Bostwick Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and the Chapter, R. A. M., of Butler ; the Commandery, K. T., of Covington ; Ohio Consistory, S. P. R. S., of Cincinnati ; and Syrian Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. JOHN STEWART HAGEN, M. D. Dr. John Stewart Hagen, who is rapidly advancing to a prominent position as a practitioner of surgery, is particularly deserving of honorable mention because of the part which he has taken in furnishing Cincinnati a pure milk supply. It has been said with truth that there is no profession or line of business so little commercialized as is the practice of medicine. The conscientious and capable physician must necessarily have as the basis of his work a broad humanitarian spirit and, desiring that the most sanitary conditions shall prevail, Dr. Hagen has worked persistently and effectively toward that end, his labors being particularly beneficial in promoting the legislation relating to dairies and dairy products. He is yet a young man to whom the future offers broad opportunities. His birth occurred in New Haven, Connecticut, February 14, 1877, his parents being John Joseph and Fannie (Stewart) Hagen. The father was a native of New York city and died in 1885 at the age of thirty-two years. He had been a manufacturer of casket hardware in New Haven but thinking to find a better field in Ohio he came to Cincinnati about 1880 and here continued in the same line of business. Dr. Hagen received educational training in the schools of Cincinnati and was graduated from the Eclectic Medical College with the class of 1898. Thereupon he engaged in general practice and his ability has found its proof in the extensive patronage that has since been given him. He has done important hospital work and his skill in surgery has occasioned his giving more and more time to that field of practice in which he has gained more than a local reputation. He was active in the organization of the Seton Hospital and has since served as a member of its staff. For some years he was also surgeon for the Big Four Railroad and he now occupies the chair of gynecology in the Eclectic Medical College. One of the most important features of his life work has been in connection with the purification of the city milk supply. In 1900 he was appointed to the position of chief city milk inspector, in which capacity he served until the Dempsey administration, when he was out of office for two years. On the expiration of that period he was reappointed and continued to fill the responsible position until the 1st of January, 1911. All the dairy regulations and the ordinances relating thereto were drawn up by Dr. Hagen and great credit is due him for the present conditions governing the city's milk supply. He was the author of the ordinance requiring the bottling of milk and is really the originator of the city's legislation regarding dairies and dairy products. Dr. Hagen married Katherine Kaltenhorn, a daughter of William F. Kaltenhorn, of Cincinnati, and they have two children, Spencer and J. Stewart, Jr. The Doctor belongs to Cheviot Lodge A. F. & A. M., and has attained high rank in CINCINNATI—THE QUEEN CITY - 849 Masonry, being now a thirty-second degree Mason of the Ohio Consistory and also a Noble of Syrian Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He likewise belongs to the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. His professional membership relations are with the Ohio State Eclectic Society and the National Eclectic Association. His work in connection with the dairy system is indicative of the attitude which he has always held in questions relating to public health. He advocates the adoption of the most improved sanitary conditions and regulations and the dissemination of such knowledge as will bring to the public at large an understanding of the rules governing health and the spread of disease. In this he displays much of the missionary spirit which has ever been a counteracting factor to the spirit of commercialism in medical practice. ALBERT BRUEGGEMANN, M. D., PH.G. Dr. Albert Brueggemann, a progressive physician, thoroughly in touch with modern methods, was born May 22, 1870, in Cincinnati, a son of Adolph and Walburga (Stoehr) Brueggemann. The father came to America from Germany in 1840, being at that time twenty years of age. He had learned the trade of a machinist in his little native country, the principality of Lippe-Detmold, in Germany, where ancestors of the family have been resident for two hundred and fifty years. They were originally French Huguenots, fleeing from persecution to Belgium, where, to avoid in all likelihood detection, they changed the family name, adopting a new patronymic from the town of Brugge, the flourishing West Flandric world market of the middle ages. Seeking greater safety the family removed to the country of the Lippe, renowned from the earliest time for its many powerful saline springs, and there, for many generations, representatives of the family had charge of the machinery at the government salt works in the town of Salzuflen. Following his arrival ih America Adolph Brueggemann was variously employed until he found work in Greenwood's foundry. About 1855 he turned his attention to cattle-raising, carrying on the business where St. Peter's church now stands. In 1857 he was married and soon afterward in a disastrous financial venture they lost their combined savings. For several years afterward Mr. Brueggemann conducted the Bemis House at Court and Walnut streets and it was there that the judges holding court in the district usually made their headquarters. His wife was a native of Wurtemberg and during many years they were widely and favorably known among the German residents of this city. His father, Rudolph Brueggemann, also came to America, arriving here two years after his son Adolph had come to Cincinnati. Albert Brueggemann was educated in the public schools, passing through consecutive grades to the Woodward high school, and after he put aside his textbooks he became an employe in the drug store of L. W. Sauer. This led him to take up the study of pharmacy and in 1890 he was graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy with the PH.G. degree. He afterward went to the east and engaged in clerking in a drug store in New York city, but in 1894 he again came to Cincinnati and purchased a drug store which he conducted for fifteen years. It was a logical step from this business to the practice of medicine and,