(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 300 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO recently erected by the Cincinnati Cooperage company, on the site of the old factory lately destroyed by fire. The new building is perhaps the most complete and extensive concern in the United States, and is fitted up with a vast amount of costly wood-working machinery, giving employment to several hundred men in the manufacture of all kinds of barrels, kegs, etc. The building is lighted by the Brush electric light, enabling the company to run at night as well as by day, when necessary. The certificate of incorporation of Riverside village was filed with the Secretary of State, August 20, 1867. The mayor for the first year was Peter Zinn, an old resident here and in Cincinnati, prominently connected with the rolling mill at Cullom's station, who died in the village in the early winter of 1880-1. In 1869, 1870 and 1871 the mayor was George A. Peter; 1872-4, Allen A. Reeder. Within the limits of this corporation the railroads have a number of stations—as Riverside, the first beyond Sedamsville; Mineola, a plat laid out in 1873 by the Riverside Land association; Southside, a station on the. Indianapolis railroad between the two; West Riverside, or Cullom's, where the rolling-mill is situated; and just beyond Riverside, on the west, is the Anderson's Ferry station. Further west and northwest are Gilead; South Bend or Trautman's station, where Thompson & Company's extensive fertilizing establishment is located; Rapid Run; Industry, a village laid out in 1847 by Messrs. James and Samuel, Goudin; Delhi, Home City, Riverdale, and other small stations, which are much used by surburban residents transacting business in the city. At Industry is located a Catholic church, in charge of Rev. Father H. Kessing. Nearly opposite this place is the village of Taylorsville, on the Kentucky side of the Ohio. At Home City, almost immediately adjoining Delhi, is a remarkably large mound, undoubtedly a genuine relic of the Mound Builders. Its regularity has been somewhat impaired by the blowing over of a tree that formerly stood upon it, making a large hole upon one side. Its base is oval—about two hundred by one hundred feet in its principal diameters—and its height nearly forty feet. It is now in the field of Mr. R. B. Price, a little' way northeast of the railroad, but was once the property of Major Daniel Gano, the veteran clerk of Hamilton county, whose farm covered most of what is now Home City. It is said that the major had a mile-track laid out around this ancient work, upon which he was wont to exercise, train, and speed his numerous and famous horses. He once entertained the old hero of Lundy's Lane, General Winfield Scott, at dinner, and afterwards mounted the general on one of his finest horses, the well-remembered "Wyandot," which moved as if it knew and took pride in his rider, and invited his guest to take his station upon or near the mound, and view the evolutions of the horses about the tracks, which the general did to much satisfaction. The farm here was one of three country estates then owned by Major Gano, the others being at Carthage (this one now occupied as the county infirmary premises) and on Brush creek, in Champaign county. He was noted while here for his fine horses, among which were Wyandot, Arab, Conqueror, Comet, and others. Home City was laid out in 1849 by Stephen Maxon and David Reddington, and was incorporated on the twenty-fifth of July, 1879. Delphi was platted by Peter Zinn in 1866. It has a large population, numbering over two thousand. Here are a number of notable Catholic institutions; as the church of Our Lady of Victories, in charge of the Rev. Father F. Schumacher; the parochial school attached to the same, with about seventy pupils ; the principal novitiate of the Sisters of Charity; and the Boys' Protectory (formerly the residence of the Hon. George W. Skaats, of Cincinnati), in charge of the Brotherhood of St. Francis, with about two hundred boys for inmates. The last is described as "a home for the education and maintenance of orphan and other destitute boys between the ages of five and seventeen years, who are 'taught the rudiments of an education and a useful trade. A little over two miles north of the Southside station, and about half a mile west of the city limits, near the north line of the township, is the little village of Warsaw, on the turnpike which bears its name. A mile west of it, also upon the turnpike, and intersected by the headwaters of Rapid run, is an extensive cemetery, used by the inhabitants of the township. Two miles from Warsaw, on the same much-traveled road, is the German village of Petersborough, with a population of perhaps a hundred. Moscow is an old village of Delhi, now extinct. The glass-works of Messrs. Pugh & Teater, of Cincinnati, the first in this part of the Ohio valley, were located here before 1826. POPULATION. Delhi township shows a satisfactory increase in the number of its inhabitants, as the comparative figures in the census-table, in a previous part of this book exhibit. In 1830, for example, the township had r,527 people; in r870, 2,620; in 1880, 4,738. MOUNT ST. VINCENT ACADEMY—CEDAR GROVE. Mt. St. Vincent academy, Cedar Grove, situated to the northwest of Cincinnati, and distant nearly two miles directly west from Price's Inclined Plane, is an old established boarding-school for girls and young ladies. The school is under the charge of the Sisters of Charity, who are a branch of the original order founded in the beginning of this century at Emmettsburgh, Maryland, and who still follow the rules and retain the costume and venerable traditions of their foundress. The buildings are delightfully situated on an elevation remarkable for beauty and variety of scenery, and commanding a charming view of the surrounding country. The grounds, which are greatly undulating and tastefully laid out, include some fifty-four acres, in the centre of which, on a rising plateau, stands the main building of the academy, a brick structure, four stories high, erected in the year 1858. To the west, is the chapel, built in 1875, and adjoining this, the Sisters' convent, an old building, which, previous to the year 1857, had been the residence of Mr. Alderson. This venerable mansion has acquired a degree of literary celebrity, owing to its having been the HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 301 home of "Our Cousins in Ohio,". who are described in a story bearing that title, written by Mary Howett and published in England. The homestead, including thirty-three acres of land, was purchased by the Sisters March 3, 1857. From Mr. Alderson it had received the designation of "The Cedars," which the Sisters, on coming into possession of the place, changed into Cedar Grove. The academy, built in the following year, was called Mt. St. Vincent, but Cedar Grove is still the more familiar name, dear to the hearts of hundreds who have been educated within its walls and still lovingly cherish its memories. The sisters having charge of the academy aim at giving young ladies a thorough education in all branches of useful and polite learning, with which they endeavor to combine the sympathetic care, the assiduous watchfulness, the comforts and the genial influences of home-life, so essential to the proper training of girls, and so greatly valued by parents and guardians. While all branches necessary to the complete education of a young lady are taught (including vocal and instrumental music, Latin and the modern language, mathematics and the physical sciences), special attention is given to the study of English, and written compositions on subjects adapted to the capacities and acquirements of each pupil, are required throughout the entire course of studies. A long experience in the classroom has convinced the Sisters that ease and accuracy in the use of a language, can be gained in no way so rapidly and so satisfactorily as by assiduous practice in composition, under the guidance of efficient teachers. The drill is supplemented by the study of the most approved textbooks on grammar, rhetoric, and the history of English literature, and by the analysis of selections from English classics. To still further facilitate this study and render it attractive, the Sisters have collected a library of above four thousand volumes, selected with great care by competent persons, and embracing all the more valuable works of the language, to which the pupils have free access, and in the use of which they are encouraged and directed by their teachers. There is also in the academy a philosophical and chemical apparatus of the most approved pattern and workmanship, sufficiently complete to illustrate all the important principles of these sciences, in the study of both of which theoretical teaching is accompanied by experiment. A rich collection of globes, maps, and charts, and a cabinet containing the most important minerals and geological formations, carefully classified and labelled for reference together with Indian relics and specimens illustrating the religion, arts, did domestic economy of foreign countries and ancient peoples, are a possession highly valued by the Sisters and of great advantage to the pupils in the prosecution of their studies. Screened from the public gaze by groves of cedar, locust, and maple trees, the school enjoys a seclusion and privacy eminently favorable to study, while the picturesque lawns and extensive play-grounds offer every facility for healthy recreation and pleasant exercise. At convenient intervals on the play-ground, and shaded by the clustering vines, are summer-houses, cozy arbors, and secluded nooks, where the pupils gather of summer evenings to enjoy the fresh breezes of the western hills and the glories of the setting sun, or whither the more studious retire form noise and distraction, to be alone with their books To the east of the academy, and entirely hidden from it by the dense foliage, stands a small frame building now called "Seton,cottage" but formerly the homestead of Mr. Hotchkiss. Seton cottage, together with ten acres of ground, now laid out in orchards of -pear, apple, and cherry trees, a garden and a deer park, was purchased by the Sisters in the year r868. To the west of the convent are the barn, poultry yard, pastures, laundry, bakery, etc. Previous to 1869 the Mother house and Novitiate of the community were at Cedar Grove; but in the autumn of that year both were transferred to the Biggs' homestead, in Delhi township, now known as St. Joseph's Mother house, Novitiate and Training school. Here novices enjoy every facility for the acquisition of knowledge and receive full and thorough instruction in all the branches necessary to fit them to become efficient and competent teachers in parochial schools, above thirty of which the Sisters have at present under their direction in different States of the Union. GREEN. DESCRIPTION. Green is the most regular and symmetrical township in the county. It is a perfect square—an even surveyed township of thirty-six sections, six miles on a side, such as is common in the newer western and northern States, but not in the older settled regions, and of which no other instance is presented in Hamilton county. It lies altogether in fracti0nal range tw0, township two, and is precisely included between the range and township lines, which separate it from Cincinnati and Mill Creek township on the east, Delhi on the south, Miami on the west, and Colerain on the north. Its section lines are run with remarkable correctness, considering that it lies wholly within the Miami Purchase, and might have shared in the troubles caused by the carelessness of the earliest surveyors. Save for some eccentricity in the second meridian east of the township line, the sections are mostly exact square miles, a fact which can be stated, probably, of no other tract of equal size within the Purchase. Still, its total acreage amounts to but twenty-two thousand seven hundred and fourteen—about an even half-section short of what it should be were all the sections full. It shares another peculiarity with but three other townships in the county—Springfield, Sycamore and Mill Creek—in that its soil is not washed by any stream that can be dignified with the name of river. Neither the Ohio nor the Little Miami, the Great Miami or the Whitewater touch its borders. Its northwest corner approaches within less than a mile of the Great Miami, at the mouth of Taylor's creek, and the southwest corner is about the same distance from the Ohio, at a point between Riverdale and Fern Bank stations. The township is, however, abundantly watered in the southwest corner by the headwater of Lick run; along the southern tiers 0f townships and in the southwest by Cow run and its main stream, Muddy creek, the upper tributaries of which rise in the central sections of the township; in the west and northwest by Taylor's creek, and the south fork of Taylor's creek, with their numerous tributaries, some of which extend more than half way across the northern part of the township and some distance into Colerain township; and along the eastern slopes by several petty streams which send their waters to Mill creek. By far the larger part of Green township, being in the interior and somewhat remote from any large stream, is elevated to the general level of the Hamilton county ancient plateau. That part, the northwestern, which approaches the Great Miami, is low and very fertile, and otherwise shares the characteristics of the Miami valley. Toward the opposite corner of the township, on the south, as the Ohio is neared, in the valley of Muddy creek, as at some other points in the township, the hills become abrupt, and command many fine views. The numerous valleys created by the water-courses render the scenery exceedingly picturesque; and many attractive building sites have been occupied in the Lick run and other valleys. Much of the territory of Green is deemed specially suited for suburban residence. Over three and a half sections in the southeastern part of the township, mostly near the line of the narrow-guage railroad, has been laid off for the suburb of Westwood; and the eastern half of sections five and six, in the northeastern corner, has been appropriated by the suburb of Mount Airy, the remainder of which lies in Mill Creek township. There is an unusual number 0f villages in the township —as Cheviot, Dent, Bridgetown, Weisenburgh, St. Jacob's, Sheartown, Covedale, Five Corners, Dry Ridge, and others. Some of fie most interesting and attractive drives in the county are through this township, upon the Cleves and Harrison turnpike, the Colerain pike, a mile of whose course lies through the northeastern corner, and other important roads, some of which lie, as in the newer States settled upon Congress lands, on the section lines. The Cincinnati & Westwood .narrow-gauge railway lies mostly in Green township, and is at present the only iron road within its limits. Starting at Ernst Station, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad, in the city, it comes up the valley of Lick run, from which it soon diverges to reach the higher ground, across which it runs for more than three miles in a general northwesterly direction, stopping for the present at Robb's, near Bridgetown. The projected Cincinnati & Venice railway, if built upon the surveyed line, will enter the township from the north at St. Jacob's, proceed nearly due south four miles, and intersect this road just south of Cheviot. THE EARLY HISTORY of this township is somewhat peculiar. It was originally the tract reserved by Judge Symmes for himself as the nearest entire township to the peninsula between the Great Miami and the Ohio rivers. He withheld it from sale for a number of years, but seems to have made, March 12, 1788, a contract with Dr. Elias Bondinot, of New Jersey, one of his partners, for the transfer of half of it to him. Symmes afterwards resisted the performance of the contract, having- in view the apportionment of this as the college township in the Purchase; but he was unable to secure the acceptance of it, and specific performance of the contract with Bondinot was decreed - 302 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 303 by the United States court for the District of Pennsylvania, at the May term, 1802, compelling him to execute and deliver a deed in fee simple for an undivided moiety of the township. The pendency of this litigation some years before had formed one of the reasons for the refusal of the various authorities to whom it was offered to accept it as a college township. It was, indeed, according to the judge's own statement, in one of his letters making the offer, agreed to change the arrangement by which he reserved it for himself, and parcel it out among twenty-four proprietors, among whom Bondinot was prominent, upon each paying one-twenty-fourth of the purchase money to Congress—an arrangement which does not seem to have been ultimately carried out. 'But, says the judge, "for this cause the township] lay unreserved and unsurveyed until the passage of the act of the fifth of May, 1792, giving one entire township for the use of an academy." It was at that date the only one which had not been broken by sales; and perhaps to this fact, and the lateness of its survey, it owes the beautiful regularity of its territorial lines, surpassing that of any other part of the Purchase, although not here entirely perfect in places. It is, as is well known, the only even square, thirty-six section township (municipality) in the Purchase. The contract with Bondinot may be seen by the curious in a copy engrossed in the records of Hamilton county, Book B, pp. 107-9. The following is the extract from Judge Symmes' pamphlet, Terms of Sale and Settlement of Miami Lands, published in Trenton in 1788, in which he makes the reservation of this and other townships in this part of the county: The subscriber hopes that the respectable public will not think it unreasonable in him, whet.; he informs them that the only privilege which he reserves for himself, as a small reward for his trouble in this business, is the exclusive right of electing or locating that entire township which will be lowest down in the point of land formed by the Ohio and Great Miami rivers, and those three fractional parts of townships which may lie north, west, and south, between such entire township and the waters of the Ohio and Great Miami. This point of land the subscriber intends paying for himself, and thereon to lay out a handsome town plat, with eligible streets, etc., etc. THE "COLLEGE TOWNSHIP." An impression quite general prevails, even among well-informed local historians, that Green was the "College township" in the Miami Purchase; and we have been misled by the common statement in our history of the Purchase, in the first division of this work. But it could not have been at any time the College township. That, as originally set apart by Symmes, and so marked on his map of the Purchase, to be given in perpetuity for the purposes of an academy or college, was that complete township, in the words of his Terms of Sale and Settlement, "as nearly opposite The mouth of the Licking river as an entire township may be found eligible in point of soil and situation." We have been unable to identify this township. It could hardly have been the old Mill Creek township, since that was not entire, being cut by the Ohio river at the southeastern corner. It was obviously, however, somewhere in this tier of townships, since the original boundaries of Colerain township, defined in 1794, prescribed its eastern limit as the- meridian on the western line of the College township, which is the western boundary of Mill Creek, Springfield, and the tier of townships to which they belong. Green, however, was the College township in the intention- of Judge Symmes, for he made very strenuous efforts to have it accepted as such by the Territorial, State, or Federal authorities. As a matter of fact, there never was a College township in the Purchase. The following extract from Judge Burnet's Notes on the Settlement of the Northwestern Territory will make this clear: As the facts relating to the College township, mentioned in the original proposition of Judge Symmes to Congress, are not generally known or understood, it may be proper here to state them concisely. The ordinance under which the early sales of the public domain were made did not authorize a grant of college lands to purchasers of a less quantity than two millions of acres. The original proposition of Mr. Symmes, being for that quantity, would have entitled him to the benefit of the grant, had it been carried into effect. It was therefore stated in his -pamphlet containing the terms of sale and settlement, that a College township had been given, and located as nearly opposite the mouth of Licking river, as an entire township could be found, eligible in point of soil and situation. The selection of that township was made in good faith on one of the best tracts in the Purchase, and was marked on his map as the College township. It was situated opposite the mouth of Licking, and was reserved from sale for the purpose intended until it was ascertained that the agents appointed to close the contract with the Government, under the powers given in the letter of attorney, had relinquished one-half of the quantity proposed to be purchased by Mr. Symmes; and, as a matter of course, had relinquished also his claim to a College township. After that relinquishment, he erased the entry made on that township on his map, as he had a right to do, and offered it for sale. As it was one of the best in the Purchase, it was soon entirely disposed of. The matter 1emained in that situation till 1792, when the judge applied to Congress, as is stated above, to change the boundaries of his Purchase, and grant him a patent for as much land as he was then able to pay for. When the bill for that purpose was before Congress, General Dayton, the agent of Mr. Symmes, and then very influential member of the House, introduced a section authorizing the President to convey to Mr. Symmes and his associates one entire township, in trust, for the purpose of establishing an academy and other schools of learning, conformably to the ordinance of Congress of second of October, 1787, to be located, with the approbation of the governor for the time being, of the territory northwest of the river Ohio, within the term of five years, as nearly as may be, in the centre of the tract of land granted by the patent. The fact was that, under that ordinance, the right to the township had been lost, by relinquishing half the quantity of his proposed purchase; yet from some cause, either from a want of correct information or a disposition to be generous, the provision was retained and became a part of the law. At that time there was not an entire township in the Purchase undisposed of; portions of each and all of them had been sold by Mr. Symmes, after his right to college lands had been lost, and before the laws of 1792 had renewed the claim. It was not, therefore, in his power to make the appropriation required. The matter remained in that situation till the first territorial legislature was elected in 1799. Mr. Symmes, then feeling the embarrassment of his situation, and aware that the subject would be taken up by that body, made a written proposition to the governor of the territory, offering the second township of the second fractional range [Green township] for the purpose of a college. The governor, on examination, found that Mr. Symmes had sold an undivided moiety of that township for a valuable consideration, in 1788, four years before the right to a College township existed; that the purchaser had filed a bill in the circuit court of the United States for the district of Pennsylvania, to obtain a specific performance of his contract; and that the judge had also sold small portions of the same township to other persons, who then held written contracts for the same in the form of deeds. As a matter of course, the township was rejected by the governor. Soon after that occurrence, the subject was brought before the territorial legislature at the instance of Mr. Symmes, who repeated the offer to them. They also refused to receive it, for the same reasons which had been assigned by the governor, as appeared from the journal of that body. A similar 1efusal, for the same reasons, was subsequently 304 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. made by the State legislature, to whom it was again offered by the judge. Not satisfied with these repeated refusals, in 1802-3 he offered the same township to Congress for the same purpose. His proposition was referred to a committee of that body, who, after hearing his own ex parte statement of the facts relating to the township, were fully satisfied that it could not be held for the purpose for which it was offered; and, therefore, they refused to receive it. It was affirmed in the written communication of Judge Symmes to Congress, very correctly, the Miami Purchase did not obtain a right to college lands till the law of 1792 was passed; that, prior to that time, he had sold large portions of every township in the Purchase, as he had a right to do; that the township he then offered had not been reserved for a college, but to be sold and disposed of, for his own personal benefit; and that he had sold large portions of it as early as 1788, but that those sales, in his opinion, were void. Some persons had the charity to believe that, when he first proposed that township for the use of a college, it was his intention to purchase out the claimants, which he probably might have done, at the time the law passed making the grant, on fair and reasonable terms; but he omitted to do so till that arrangement became impracticable, and until his embarrassments rendered it impossible for him to make any remuneration to Congress or the people of the Miami Purchase. The remainder of Judge Burnet's account of the College township has no relation to the subject of this chapter. It merely outlines the legislation and appointment of commissioners, whereby a selection of. thirty-six sections, or the equivalent of a township, was made for the foundation of a university, but necessarily outside of the Miami Purchase, on the Congress lands west of the Great Miami; the establishment of Miami university at first at Lebanon, Warren county, in the Symmes Purchase, as directed by State law; and its final establishment under another law, with the endowment of lands aforesaid, outside the limits of the Purchase, upon such of the college lands as lay where now is Oxford, Butler county, and where a mere shadow of the university is still maintained. THE FORMATION of Green township is not clearly settled, as to date and circumstances. It is held, however, to have been set off in 1809, with its regular boundaries as now, corresponding with those of the surveyed township. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. The justices of the peace, during some of the years of the history of Green township, were as follows: William, Benson, William J. Carson, 1819, Mahlon Brown, Adam Moore, John Martin, 1829; James Eppley, John Gaines, Thomas Wills, 1865-6; John Eppley, Thomas Wills, E. L. Agin, r867-9; James Eppley, Thomas Wills, William M. Robb, 1870; James Eppley, William M. Robb, John Ritt, 1871-2; James Eppley, Thomas Wills, L. D. Hem, 1873-8; James Eppley, Thomas Wills, J. W. Dunn, 1879; Thomas Wills, J. W. Dunn, O. J. Wood, 1880. NOTES OF SETTLEMENT. William D. Goforth lives about one and a half miles south of Cheviot, in Green township, with an only daughter. The wife, now dead, was Miss Sallie Gordon, whose ancestry is traceable to Lord George Gordon, of Scotland. She died April 4, 1878. Mr. Goforth is descended from distinguished stock. His grandfather, Judge William Goforth, born April 1, 1731, was appointed a member of the State legislature and was judge of the Northwestersn Territory, then comprising the district of Ohio. He came to Ohio in 1788, and died in 1805. His own father, Dr. William Goforth, was surgeon of the army in the War of 1812, and was also a member of the legislature of Louisiana, where he went in 1803, and came back to Ohio in 1816, His oldest son served in the capacity of lieutenant, and William D., then a lad of fifteen years, witnessed the engagement between the forces of Generals Jackson and Packenham at New Orleans. He also served under Scott in the Mexican war, as ensign, and planted the col0rs on the Mexican capitol. During the late war he carried the colors of the Fifth Ohio cavalry when they made the attack on the Louisiana Tigers at Shiloh. He was offered the pay and rank of a major, both of which he refused. He was crippled at Shiloh by his horse throwing him against a tree. His own son was in forty-seven engagements. Rev. Samuel J. Browne was born at Honiton, England, in 1786, and emigrated to this country in 1796 with his father, Rev. John W. Browne, who settled first at Chilicothe, Ohio, and afterward, in 1798, at Cincinnati, and a few years later was drowned in the Little Miami river while returning from one of his appointments to preach in that neighborhood. His son, Samuel J. Browne, learned the printing business with Nathaniel Willis, and in r804 started the Liberty Hall newspaper, afterwards the Cincinnati Gazette, and in 1824 the Cincinnati Emporium, afterwards the first daily paper of large size printed in Cincinnati. Through his instigation and pecuniary aid his son, J. W. S. Browne, and his son-in-law, L. S. Curtiss, originated and placed on a paying basis the Cincinnati Daily Commercial. He early perceived the growing tendencies of his adopted city, and was among the first to show his faith by frequent investments in real estate in the city and its suburbs. In 1830 he purchased the late Browne homestead, consisting of twenty-five acres on the north side of the Miami canal, opposite Baymiller street, and erected thereon a fine residence which he occupied until his death. Mr. Browne was twice married. His first wife, a most estimable and handsome English lady, was wooed and won while Mr. Browne was on a visit to his brother in England, and by whom he had seven children, three of whom still survive. His second wife was a daughter of the late Dr. E. A. Atlee, a lady of sweet disposition and most amiable character, by whom he had five children, of whom three are still living. Mr. Browne pursued a most active life, retaining both mental and physical vigor to within a short period of his death, which occurred in September, 1872, at the ripe old age of eighty-five years. Samuel W. Carson of Cheviot, mail agent of the Great Eastern railroad from Cincinnati to Chicago, is the oldest member of his father's family, and was born January 1, 1816. In 1850 he went to California, being gone five years, and returning via Panama railroad, coming across the isthmus on the first train over that line. During the war he was provost marshal and afterwards for two years was revenue collector. In 1856 he was assigned a position in the mail service on, the Great Eastern railroad from Cincinnati to Chicago, which position he still retains. Mr. Carson is a descendant from a remarkable E. D. CROOKSHANK, M. D. E. D. Crookshank, M. D., of Cheviot, and a well known citizen and physician of the county, was of Scotch descent and born in New York city April 28, 1807. His father, Nathaniel C., was born in Scotland September 27, 1972; was a physician; a man fond of letters and scientific researches, making the subject of natural history a specialty. He gave the subject of geology particular attention, and prepared manuscripts that should be put into book form. The inconveniences of the printing business in his day precluded the luxury of making many books, otherwise we would have something probably more tangible relating to the man. He also became proficient in mathematics, and after his coming to Hamilton county we hear of his making scientific surveys. He also surveyed the ground for the Cincinnati, Brookville and Harrison pike. About the year 1800 he left Scotland and settled in New York city, where he married a Miss Mary Dickerson, of Ulster county, Pennsylvania. The fruits of this union were seven children: Jane Wiley, whose husband, now deceased, was an old resident of the county; Fidelia, now dead; William Cullum, a soldier in the Mexican war, but now dead also; Nathaniel, a lawyer in Sullivan, Illinois; Erasmus D., subject of this sketch; Martha (dead), and Juliette, wife of Dr. Williams, of College Hill—both dead. Jane, Juliette, and Erasmus D. were born in New York, Erasmus being about four years of age when his father removed to Cincinnati, coming to Pittsburgh in wagons and from there to the city in flat-boats. The family did not remain long in Cincinnati, but again removed, going to a farm twenty-two miles from Harrison, where they lived five years, and in 1817 moved into the town where Dr. Crook-shank spent most of his early life. He attended the schools of Millville and graduated in the high school course under David D. Monfort, after which he took, a course of medicine under the instruction of his father, and was examined and authorized to practice his profession by the board of medical examiners of Cincinnati—a method then, in vogue, but abolished during the latter days of the society and just before the advent of the Ohio Medical college of Cincinnati. About this time—April 4, 1833—he was married to Miss Mary Lincoln, daughter of Rev. Henry Lincoln, of Harrison, Ohio, and moved to Dorr Town, where, after a period of about five years in pursuit of his practice, he removed to Fairfield, Franklin county, Indiana, and there continued his profession also. This was about the time of the exciting political contest of 1840, and in which it was not strange to find a man like that of our subject—of strong will—of determined purpose—and marked traits of character, longing for a tilt in the affairs of our government with those who sought the downfall of the party favoring his convictions. The opportunity for developing the strength of the man resulted in his election to the legislature of that State by the Democratic party, which was in 1844. There was an exciting contest for United States Senator. It was the session of 1844-5. The candidates before the Democratic caucus which had the majority were James H. Lane—afterwards of Kansas notoriety—and the Hon. Jesse D. Bright, now both deceased. The caucus was so evenly divided that Dr. Crook-shank had the casting vote, which he gave to Mr. Bright who was a senator for eighteen years afterwards. In view of the course pursued by Lane subsequently, Dr. Crookshank always congratulated himself on his choice. In 1849, shortly afterwards, he removed to Green township, Hamilton county, Ohio, and settled near Cheviot and again pursued his practice of medicine; but in 1859 the Democratic party in the county convention nominated him for the then lucrative office of county treasurer, supposed to be worth twenty-five thousand or thirty thousand dollars a year, and elected him over able and strong competitors. The county had been Republican the year before, having elected Henry Kessler sheriff by some twelve hundred majority. Nevertheless Dr. Crookshank was chosen treasurer by an equally large majority, and served with great credit. His personal integrity was high and he carried it into his official relations. He was the soul of honor; he was brave and chivalrous, and sensitive to the highest degree to any point that affected a moral derelection of duty. He was ever true to principle, He was a Democrat in adversity as well as in prosperity, and always stood staunchly by its organization. He was an unselfish and most liberal man, and charitable to the needy in his professional relations. He kept up with the progress of the age; was known to and most highly respected by the Democrats of this generation, as well as those who had preceded it. He was more than a physician; he was a highly cultivated and accomplished man of the world. His death, which occurred March 5, 1876, was undoubtedly hastened by a mishap on the cars while on his way to Illinois in 1865, since which time until his death his rugged nature and elastic step gave way to something less firm and buoyant. His practice in his profession was large, lucrative, and laborious. His death occurred just one year previous to that of his estimable wife. The fruits of this marriage were three daughters—now living: Mary, Florence; and Adelaide; and four, other children now dead—Genevieve, Katie, Henry Lincoln, and Lurtone. The first named was the oldest, and who is now the wife of George B. Tait, formerly commission merchant, 196 West Sixth street, Cincinnati. He is at present a resident of the homestead property in Cheviot. Florence, is the wife of Mr. C. E. Laws, a wool merchant, who resides at Richmond, Indiana. Adelaide, the youngest, married George B. Mayer. They reside near Cheviot on part of the homestead. The history of Dr. Crookshank is one worthy of chronicling. He was a well known and highly esteemed citizen in his day, and came of the earliest pioneer ancestry, making his life border on the earliest period of western history. Himself and father were also distinguished physicians of the county. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 305 family of old settlers and otherwise noted people, who came from the east about 1804 and settled near Cheviot. They were the first pioneers, and consequently were the first to erect school-houses, churches, establish roads, and otherwise improve the country. Mr. Carson lives comfortably in a nice homestead in Cheviot. Washington Markland is of Chestnut farm, Green township, on which place he has lived during a life of seventy-one years, excepting four years he resided in Piqua, Ohio, to educate his children. His father, Thomas Mai kland, and mother, Anna Maria, were born in Maryland; moved to Bo0ne c0unty, Kentucky, in 1801 ; removed to the Chestnut farm (section thirty-two, Green township), in 1805, having then a family of seven children, viz: Elizabeth, Jonathan, Benjamin, John, William, Leah, and Noah; Martha, Washington, James, and Charles, were horn on this farm; all are now dead but Noah, Washington, and Charles. His mother, Anna Maria Summers, was of Welsh descent; his father was of English origin; he died in the year 1825, May 18th, leaving Washington in charge of the family. His mother died in the year 1830. Thomas Markland, whose father was a companion of Daniel Boone, Kent and Cornelius Washburne, the latter the grandfather of Hon. Washburne, of Illinois, lived near the family after they came to Ohio; was intensely bitter towards the Indians and a great friend to Washington, teaching him old battle songs when he was but four or five years of age. Washington Markland was married to Miss Mary Hammond, of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1829. Her father was a minister of the gospel in the Methodist Episcopal church. She lived a Christian life, dying triumphant in the faith, July 20, 1878. She was the mother of eight children, three of whom are now dead. He is now conscious of his end approaching, and is waiting in joy the time when he may have the privilege of crossing over to meet Ns beloved wife and others, who have gone before. He was born October 25, 1809. The family records were destroyed by a dog, and much valuable history of the foreparents is lost. Of his children two sons were in the late war. Albert was under General Butler on the Potomac, and Samuel who was in the cavalry service under General Kilpatrick, was taken prisoner, and for two nights and a day before Lee's surrender was confined in Libby prison. Mr. Markland has several relics of old times he highly prizes, viz: An Indian tomahawk of 1812; an iron kettle, ninety-nine years old; a grubbing hoe, seventy years old, and several parts of General Harrison's carriage. He still resides on the farm of his birthplace. William Murphy was born in New Jersey in 1800. From this State he was carried to Ohio, and began his life two years later in Springfield township. His death occurred in 1872, in Delhi township. The wife, Mary Ann Murphy, was born September 7, 1803, and died in 1863. The children, George and Margaret, are now residents of Green township, and Theodore, Christopher and Robert are living in Delhi township. George Hay is a farmer, residing near Bridgetown, Green township, and is also director and secretary of the Cleves Turnpike company. He was born on the twenty-third of August, 1837, received a good common school education, and has been honored by the people of his township in various positions of trust, having served three terms as township trustee, and been a member of the board of education; he is also a director and vice-president of the Harvest Home association. His father, Washington Hay, came from Baltimore about the year 1806, and purchased a farm near Bridgetown, a part of which George Hay now owns. Catharine Thurston was the wife of Joshua Thurston, deceased, and daughter of Henry Applegate, an old settler of Green township, who died in the year 1877, about eighty-six years of age. Her father, Mr. Applegate, was born in New Jersey, July 1, 1791, came here in 1812, and remained on Dry Ridge the remainder of his days, dying March 12, 1877; was a bricklayer and plasterer on Long Island, but, longing for the west, travelled on foot and by stage coach to Pittsburgh, where he purchased a skiff and from there came on to Cincinnati, in which vicinity he lived for sixty years. He was the father of twelve children, of which Catharine was the second. Her husband, Joshua Thurston was a minute man during the war; he died in St. Louis, in 1865, since which time Mrs. Thurston has resided on the old homestead place. Joseph Epley was a native of Pennsylvania, and emigrated from that State to Ohio, and settled in this township, on sections ten and eleven. He died here in 1835. His wife, Sarah Eply, lived till the year 1876. James Eply, the oldest son, resides in Green township; the second child, Joseph, is a resident of Kansas; and the youngest, Ann Barries, is in Colrain township. James has held the office of justice of peace for twenty-six years, he was also township trustee for two terms. Emily Wood, wife of Emerson Wood, deceased, lives near Dent. Her husband was two years of age when his father settled in Green township, one mile northeast from the village, on one hundred acres of good land. They were married in 1832; in 1875 he died. The fruits of their marriage were four children—three sons and- one daughter. The daughter and two sons are teachers; one son is now taking a course in the Normal school at Lebanon, Ohio. One son is married. William H. Markland is the third son living of the old pioneer Jonathan Markland, who settled on the Cleves road, near Dry Ridge, in the year 1815. Here they began life, a family of thirteen children on a farm of ninety-five acres. Jonathan was born in Virginia in the year 1791, from which State he came. William H. began business in Bridgetown, where he remained two and one-half years—this was in 1850—then moved to Iowa, but returned again in the year 1853, to Dry Ridge, where he has remained ever since, in charge of a store. He also owns land on Cleves pike; was married in the year 1850. Isaac W. Stathem, of the firm of Isaac and David Stathem, grocers in Cheviot, succeeded their father in this business, opening out on a somewhat more extensive scale, in the year 1865. His father, David E. Stathem, came 39 306 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. to Green township in 1817, and was a teacher for a number of years, during which time the public school system not being in vogue, a general interest was awakened in the cause of education by a private school he conducted with great success, having for his patronage many of the first citizens of Green township. He kept grocery afterwards for a period of about thirty years, beginning in 1824. He died in 1853. He came from New Jersey, and is, probably, of English origin; was born May 12, 1792. His sons were soldiers in the late war. David E. Stathem first settled in Green township in 1817. He was born in r792, in Cumberland county, New Jersey, from which State he emigrated to Ohio. His death occurred in 1867, at Cheviot. In 1817 he was a school teacher, when the country was a wilderness. A list of the patrons of his school and the number of pupils sent by each may be of interest in this connection. Providence Ludlamor, ; John Bacon, 4; Robert Dare, ; James Smith, 2; Samuel Anderson, ; Louis Thornell, 3; James Turner, 2; Thomas Brown, 2; John Craig, 3; John Miller, 3; Roswell Fenton, 2; Ephraim Stathem, ; Benjamin Benn, 2; David Congar, 2; Achsah Carson, 2; John Congar, ; Mathias Johnson, 4; Mary Cain, ; Thomas Marshal, 3; Nathaniel Ryan, 2; Noah Smith, 2; Jonathan R. Tucker, ; William Gain, 2; Elisha Fay, 6; Hugh Goudy, ; Abner Scudder, 2; John Redish, 4, John Jones, 1; Francis Holt, 1 ; Elijah Brown 2; George Smith, 1. For twenty-one years he was township treasurer, when he resigned. Christian name of his wife was Dorcas Hildreth. Names of surviving members of the family are: Isaac W., Jacob H., and David T., all of Cheviot; and Phoebe, who died in 1871. James Veazey resides on part of section seven, Green township, near Westwood, where he moved in 1870. His father came from Delaware to Ohio, settling in Clermont county in 1812. In 1824 he purchased a farm in Spring Grove; he died in 1876, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. James was born in 1818, bought his present homestead in 1852, and was married to Miss Williams, daughter of an old settler, in 1870. He is a farmer. S. S. Jackson was born in Philadelphia in 1803. He came to Ohio from New York city, and made his first settlement in Green township, in the year 1826. His wife, Elizabeth Jackson, was born in 1807. Of his seven children, only two are still living: Mary Jackson and Julia Herrick, both in Green township. John was wounded at Vicksburgh and died, Isaac and Lewis were drowned. The remaining two that are not alive are Elizabeth and Debby. Mr. Jackson has in his p0ssession a journal of his grandfather, Mr. William Jackson, dated August 26, 1768, at Philadelphia; also, a weather record kept by his father, Isaac H. Jackson, three times each day, for the years between 1813 and 1842. F. H. Oehlmann, of the law firm of Oehlmann & Lundy, room 24 Temple Bar, northwest corner of Court and Main streets, Cincinnati, Ohio, was born January 13, 1848, on Race street, Cincinnati. His father came to this county when but fourteen years of age (1833), and died October 3, 1875, at the age of fifty-eight years; his mother is still living. F. H. Oehlmann received a good common school education in the public schools of Cincinnati, perfecting his course in the Woodard high school at the age of seventeen years. Following his course in school, he obtained employment as clerk in the recorder's office, court house, where he remained for a period of eight years, when he went into the practice of law, and is to-day the senior member of the firm of Oehlmann & Lundy. He, with his parents, rem0ved from Cincinnati to Westwood in the spring of 1865, where he still resides. He was elected as assessor of Green township when he was but twenty-one years of age, defeating a worthy and popular citizen in the election. He was elected member of the council of the village of Westwood, in which capacity he served until the spring 0f 1878, when he was elected mayor of said village, and was reelected in 1880, and is at present the presiding officer of that village. He married Miss Augusta Patzold in 1871, from which union he has been blessed with several children. Joseph Siefert was born December 11, 1810, at Baden, Germany. Coming directly from that country to Ohio, he settled in Cincinnati in 1834. For eight years he was a member of the city council, twelve years director of the Longview Lunatic asylum, and two terms, or twelve years, president of the Cincinnati Relief union, of which society he was a member for twenty-one years. He paid the relief fund to the soldiers' widows during thirteen years, for five years was appointed by the governor, and the re mainder of the time held the place through the council. His wife, Elizabeth Siefert, was born in Europe November 1, 1813, and died December 7, 1875. Of the seven children, Charles only remains a resident of this township. Elizabeth Huy resides in Richmond, Indiana, and Ellen Drum, Rosa Hegle, Mary, Josephine, and Frank Joseph, are in Cincinnati. D. R. Herrick was born in 1843, m Summit county, Ohio. He became a resident of Green township in 1876. His family consists of his wife—Mrs. Julia Herrick—and his two children, Sidney and Edna. Dr. G. H. Musekamp was born in Prussia in 1802. He arrived in Cincinnati in 1837, after a protracted journey of forty-two weeks, by sea, land, canal, and river. His death 0ccurred in 1874, at his home in Green township. He was one of the earliest German physicians of Cincinnati, practiced principally minor surgery. At his death he was one of the oldest German physicians in Hamilt0n county. He left Cincinnati and moved into Green township in 1850. Mrs. Musekamp (Charlotte Guttemuller) was born in 1803, and died in 1845. Their family consists of Louisa, now living in Goshen, Clermont county, and Elizabeth, Sophia, and Dr. George H. W., all three of Green township. Enoch Jacobs was born at Marlborough, Vermont, in 1809. He emigrated from New York to Ohio in 1843, and settled in Cincinnati. His wife, Electa Jacobs, was born in 1812. Their children are Electa and E. George, both living at Mount Airy. Mr. Jacobs was, at one time, appointed consul to Montevideo, South America, and acted as minister, in the absence of this officer, for one SIDNEY S. JACKSON. Sidney S. Jackson, a horticulturist of Green township, was born in the year 1803 in the city of Philadelphia. His father, Isaac H. Jackson, was a native of that city, and was bred to the mercantile profession. In 1804 he removed to New York, where he established himself in that business and continued in the same until the breaking out of the last war with Great Britain, when he sold out and quit the business altogether. In 1813 he removed his family to the State of Ohio, purchased three quarter sections in Green township, and after settling upon them remained there until his death, which occurred in the seventy-ninth year of his age, October 20, 1849. Although Mr. Jackson was unacquainted with the business of farming he soon gained sufficient knowledge of it to support his family very nicely by that kind of employment, and, notwithstanding much of his time was taken up with commercial transactions of life, there were few men of his day who found time to read so extensively as he had done ; very few men read so much to so good advantage, he becoming simply by his fondness for reading a walking history of the transactions of his country and of matters pertaining to his government ever since he arrived at the age of maturity. He was also designated by his fellows as a leader in the affairs of his county, having held among other offices that of commissioner of Hamilton district. Mr. Sidney S. Jackson received some education in Long Island before coming west,but it was limited, as he was but ten years old when he left for Ohio, which was but a barren wild region for great schools or colleges; nor had he ample opportunities for receiving much of the log cabin instruction then in vogue, but was compelled to be content with what he could obtain from contact with the world and by reading good books and papers. He remained with his father until the age of maturity and in the year 1826 married Miss Elizabeth Hutchinson, whose father, John Hutchinson, was an early settler of Whitewater near Harrison ; he came to Cincinnati about 1807, and to this place one year before she was born; she is now in the seventy-fourth year of her age. In 1830 Mr. Jackson began the nursery business, and his green-house established then is now one of the oldest in the United States. He deals extensively in rare exotic plants, and is a widely and well known horticulturist of the great west. He was one of the founders of the Horticultural society of Cincinnati, and has been identified with it many years. His farm consists of about eighty acres of which his nursery comprises thirty plat of this acres, and contains three green-houses. He has also one of the best amateur workshops in the country; formerly he was divided in his inclinations for following the floral business with that of the mechanical; being of an ingenious turn of mind he was capable of handling tools in many kinds of manufacture, and has his shop well supplied with them. Mr. Jackson has now but two children living—having lost three sons, two of whom, John H. and Isaac H., born July 22, 1836, were twins, and were much alike, the family always found difficulty in distinguishing them apart. They were much in each other's company, dressed alike, and took pride in their similarity of resemblance; their loss to the family was keenly felt. John H, was shot during the desperate attack his regiment, the Eighty-third Ohio volunteers, made at Vicksburgh, and from the effects of which he died. He had received a flesh wound at Arkansas Post, and could have received a furlough to come home, but preferred to remain, and soon after engaged in the siege of Vicksburgh. He was sent to the Cincinnati hospital, but died a few days after reaching that place. The Cincinnati Horticultural society, Peter Gibson in the chair, upon receiving news of this sad occurrence, "passed resolutions very eulogistic of his character, both as a citizen and as a member of that body. Isaac, the other twin, and his" brother Lewis, the youngest of the family, were drowned in the Big Miami, while bathing. They were in company with a number of their companions on a gala excursion, but the brothers going too near a whirlpool were drawn in and under one after the other and were lost before help could reach them, and thus lost their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson lately celebrated their golden wedding. Rev. Mr. Challen, the pastor who officiated at the former nuptials fifty years before, was present to sanctify the occasion and assist in bringing remembrance of the former times. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 307 and a half years. He was also a member of the Walnut Hill scho0l board, and laid the corner stone of the first school building built under the free school law. When the late war broke out he entered the army with four sons, two of whom were killed, one at Chancellorsville, the other murdered. He was in the first battle of the west at Vienna, and served, at one time, as a member of the staff. Colonel Kemple and himself had the honor of receiving twelve shots from the artillery, they being the only mark. William Taylor was born in Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania, in 1797, from which State he emigrated to Ohio, and settled in Delhi. In 1875 he died, in Green township. His wife, Nancy J. Taylor, is still living, as are also his four children, William E., David J., Robert, and Joshua P. George Frondorf was born in Germany, came from that country to Ohio, and made settlement in Green township in the year 1840. Here he died at the age of seventy-three. F. Frondorf came with his father, and has lived in this township since 1840. He is the owner of the largest single tract of land lying in the township—two hundred and forty-three acres. In 1847 he was married to Mary Frondorf, who is still living. His daughter, Mary, and son, George, both reside here, and Caroline is at St. Mary's convent, Cincinnati. Charles Ries was born in Germany in 1826, and emigrated to Ohio and settled in Cincinnati in the year 1853, In 1877 he removed to Green township. While in his native land he belonged to the army. His wife, Eva Ries, was born in 1830, and is still alive. His children, Charles Ries, jr., William, and Lizzie, remain also in the same township. William Muller came to Cincinnati in 1844. He was born in Germany, and on emigrating to America came to Ohio at once. In 1874 he died in Green township, where his last home was located. His wife was Catharine Muller. The children are William, Frank, Louis, Rosina, Mary, and Adam. William is still living in Green township; Frank and Lewis near Taylor's creek; Rosina at the Four Mile house; Mary, near the New Baltimore pike; and Adam, near Lick run. Isaac Townsend, formerly the well known dairyman near Cheviot, came from Springborough, Warren county, where he was born in the year 1829; lived for a while in Clinton county, Ohio, where he kept a gr0cery. In 1860 he started his dairy, and at first began the business on a small scale, but afterwards increased it to larger dimensions. In 1880 he sold out his interest in the business to his brother, since which time he has been a farmer. He lives near Cheviot, and is nicely situated on what is known as the R0se Hill farm. Mr. Townsend began life a poor b0y, and was bound out until sixteen years of age, but by industry and perseverance has been successful in securing for himself finally a good homestead. He is a Quaker. Thomas J. Bradford, of Dent, Green township, lives on the homestead owned by his father, John Bradford, who came from Ireland. M. T. J. Bradford, in the year 1876, married Miss Lydia Hart. George W. Davis, is of the firm of Townsend & Davis, proprietors of an extensive dairy one mile south of Cheviot. Thomas Morgan was born in North Wales in 1814; came to the United States in 1839, and since the year 1840 has been proprietor of a large lumber-yard on the corner of Twelfth and Plum streets, Cincinnati. The business has been to him a very profitable one, out of which he has made a fortune. Soon after coming to Cincinnati he was married to Miss Lucinda P. Terry, a native of Virginia, and is the father of two children—a son and a daughter. The son, John W. Morgan, was in the service, first as a lieutenant and finally as quartermaster. Mr. Morgan owns a beautiful property in Westwood. Joseph M. Rearden, of Cheviot, formerly county commissioner of Hamilton county, is of Irish descent, his father, Thomas R., having come from Ireland in 1812, leaving Limerick and coming by the way of England, where he stayed a while; landed in Philadelphia, where Joseph was born, in 1837, on the nineteenth of March. In 1852, Thomas removed to Green township, one mile west of Dent. Mr. Rearden completed his studies about the year 1851, in St. Xavier's college, Cincinnati, and then went south, making application to General Walker to enter the fillibuster service, but was not received on account of his age. From 1852 until 1875 he followed the business of farming, since which time his county has called him to various offices of trust. After the war, beginning in 1865, he served three terms as trustee of the township, was also deputy treasurer, member of the board of education, and in October, 1875, was elected county commissioner, serving until 1877, and receiving a county majority of 1,713, and a township majority of 146. He was married to Mary E. Miller in 1857. Charley B. Lewis, proprietor of a bakery and lunch room at 194, West Sixth street, came from Portsmouth, Ohio, to Cincinnati in the year 1861. His father, Thomas C. Lewis, now living, owned the rolling-mills of that place, the only one west of Pittsburgh, in which mills Charley learned the business of machinest. The property is now 0wned by his br0ther-in-law, George Baylis, who is probably one of the wealthiest men in the State. Mr. Lewis was for three years after coming to Cincinnati a driver of a bakery wagon, for which he received one dollar per day. From this he was promoted to a clerkship, and in 1866 he bought out the entire business, since which time he has run it himself. He also owns the building at 206. Rev. Gottleib Brandstetter, pastor of the First German Evangelical Protestant church of Green township, was born in Rhein Baiern, Bavaria, in 1830. He belongs to a family of ministers. Gottlieb came alone to America and took a course in theology, completing his studies in 1856, after which he engaged in the ministerial work at Peppertown, near Evansville, Indiana, and other places. He came here May 1, 1876, and has since had charge of the congregation and Sabbath-school, acting as its superintendent. He also gives instruction three days in each week to the children of his congregation, who are taking a course 308 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. preparatory to confirmation. The church building, a fine brick structure, was erected in the year 1871, in which, service and Sabbath-school have been herd ever since. A graveyard of some four acres lies just back of the building. He was married July 24, 1857, to Miss Catharine Wittkamper, of Cincinnati. This" union has been blessed with five children—four sons and one daughter. One son, Henry, born in 1859, died in 1880, and was a most promising young man. He possessed a natural genius for drawing, taking up the art and completing the course almost without the aid of instruction. He, however, spent one year in Cooper Institute, New York. He was engraver for Stillman & Co., Front and Vine streets, Cincinnati, Ohio. He has left some beautiful sketchings, of which a "Scene on the Ohio," "Church Yard Scene," "Lick Run Church," show a master hand in the work. He was also of great assistance to his father in his church work—being a musician and of great use in Sabbath-school service. As the pride of the Bransdtetter home, he was much missed in that circle. Rev. Brandstetter is exercising a great influence for good among his people of Cheviot, of which his people are proud. Elizabeth Bates, wife of Joshua Bates, railroad contractor, resides in Mount Airy, Green township. Mr. Bates removed to his present elegant h0mestead in 1859. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. John Bates (son}. was a soldier in the cavalry service under Kilpatrick, during the late war. Enoch Jacobs was born in the town of Marlborough, State of Vermont, June 30, 1809, and was married to Electa Whitney, of said town, June 22, 1831. His father, Nathan Jac0bs, was born in Connecticut in 1762, and emigrated to Vermont in 1799. He was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. He married Sarah, the daughter of Captain John Clark, of revolutionary fame, about the .year 1784. She was a native of Old Hadley, Massachusetts. The subject of this sketch emigrated to Brooklyn, New York, in 1827, where he engaged in mechanical pursuits till 1843, when he removed with his family to Cincinnati. Between that time and the breaking out of the civil war in 1861, he was engaged in the .manufacture of iron work, being junior partner in the firm of Vallean & Jacobs. The people of the south being their largest customers, financial ruin followed. His oldest son, Enoch George, enlisted in the Second Ohio v0lunteer infantry, three months' service, and was in the battle of Bull Run. He afterwards enlisted in the Twelfth Kentucky volunteer infantry, Federal regiment, where he was commissioned first lieutenant, and was in the battle at Mill Spring and the siege of Knoxville. He reenlisted as a veteran and served till the army reached Jonesborough, when his health failed, and he resigned his commission. His second son, Henry C., enlisted in the Fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, and served till his death. His third son, Nathan, enlisted in the Twelfth Kentucky volunteer infantry, and was commissioned first lieutenant in company I of Third regiment. He was a brave and gallant young officer. While temporarily ab sent from his regiment he was waylaid and murdered by a bushwhacker, near Somerset, Kentucky, about the twentieth of February, 1863. The elder Jacobs was for a time with the First and Second Ohio infantry regiments, comprising Schenck's brigade, and took part in the battle at Vienna, where occurred the first bloodshed' in the war south of the Potomac. He afterwards identified himself with the Twelfth Kentucky, commanded by Colonel W. A. Hoskins, and recruited men for it, in which two of his sons hold commissions. He took part in the battle of Mill Spring, and wrote the first published account of that battle. It appeared in the Cincinnati Commercial, and was copied by papers all over the country, and in Europe. A month later he took part in the battle at Fort Donelson, having obtained a position on the staff of Colonel Bausenwein, commanding the brigade on the left of the right wing under General McClernand, and with a detail of twelve men Mr. Jacobs accepted the surrender 0f two rebel batteries. About a month later while on his way to join the Twelfth Kentucky en route from Nashville to Pittsburgh Landing, a railroad accident occurred at Green river bridge, Kentucky, in which he permanently lost the use of his right arm. In 1863 he was elected justice of the peace in Mill Creek township, and served till he removed with what was left of his family to Waynesville, Warren county, in 1865. He resided at Walnut Hills from 1847 till 1865, and took a leading part in organizing in that place the first free school in the State under the school law of 1849 and its amendment in 1850. He served nine years as trustee and secretary of the board with the late Dr. Allen of Lane seminary as president. Li the winter of 1870-71 he accompanied the Government commission, on the United States steamer Tennessee, to Santo Domingo as the special correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial. He travelled extensively over the island, and no Correspondent went where he did not. The following winter, 1871-72, he returned to Santo Domingo, in the interests of the Cincinnati Commercial and New York Tribune. During that winter he gathered much testimony as to the alleged complicity of high officials in a scheme of speculation in connection with a proposition of our Government to purchase the island. This has been hitherto withheld from the public. In January, 1873, he was appointed United States Consul to Montevideo, in the republic of Uruguay, South America. The United States Minister, Mr. Stevens, being absent, the work of the legislation devolved upon him in addition to the duties of the consulate. As the country was cursed with constant revolutions, it required all his energies in extending protection to American citizens; but the work was faithfully done. In 1874 he came home for his family (wife and daughter) by way of Europe, and with them returned by the same route to his post of duty. His health failing he resigned his commission and came home by way of Europe in June, 1876. In October or that year he removed to Mount Airy, and finished his official life with six months' service as mayor of that village. G. H. W. MUSEKAMP, M. D. G. H. W. Musekamp, a practicing physician of Cheviot, was born November 17, 1840. His father, George Henry Musekamp, was also a member of the medical fraternity, being a native of Prussia. He was born June 27, 1802, and is indebted to that country for a good literary and medical education ; also for a good, amiable, loving Christian wife and mother, formerly Miss Johanna Goettenmuller. A few years after marriage the family set sail for America and landed with three daughters, one being born on the sea, in the city of Baltimore. This was in the year 1837; but they soon left that city, and in a wagon made the tedious journey over the Alleghanies, and in the winter of that year arrived in Cincinnati. They located first on Abigail street, one door east of Main, at which place the subject of our sketch was born. They next moved to Race street, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth streets, before which latter removal, however, the wife and mother died. She was born June 11, 1804, and died February 14, 1845. In 1849 the family removed to Green township, where Dr. Musekamp spent the remainder of his days in the arduous pursuit of his profession. His death occurred August 31, 1874, leaving a family of four children. Dr. G. H. W. Musekamp received a good, liberal education in the private, the free schools, and in the high schools of Cincinnati, after which he taught for one year, 1856-57, in Clermont county, in Goshen, near Charleston. He then pursued a thorough medical course of instruction under his father, and Dr. George C. Blackman, of Cincinnati, and graduated in the Ohio Medical college in the year 1861, receiving the degree of M. D. In 1861 he was married to Miss Maria H. Elizabeth Hilge of Cincinnati, and what is singular in the history of this couple they were both born in the same house, and immediately afterwards the doctor settled in Cheviot, where he has practiced his profession ever since, it now being about twenty years, during which time he has been successful in building up a largeand extensive practice. He is of an agreeable disposition, noted for his cordiality and warmth of feeling, and this added to his efficiency in his profession has made him a host of warm friends. In politics he has been a warm supporter of the Union cause as advocated by the Republican party. He takes a lively interest in public matters and despite his heavy practice has been elected to and filled several offices, having filled that of township treasurer several times. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 309 BRIDGETOWN. This is a village a little over a mile west of Cheviot, just half way across the township from east to west, and two miles and a half from the south line. It is on the Cleves turnpike, half a mile west of the junction of the Harrison pike, and the Cincinnati & Westwood narrowguage railroad comes up to the Cleves road about midway between the village and the junction of the turnpikes. St. Aloysius' (Catholic) church is located here, with its parochial school of about fifty pupils, and a confraternity of the same name, all under the pastoral care of the Rev. Father Bernard Mutting. CEDAR GROVE is a locality in the extreme southwest part of the township, about the headwarters of Lick run, and extending into the city upon the Warsaw turnpike. The Young Ladies' academy of St. Vincent de Paul, conducted by the Sisters of Charity, is in this grove, but within the city, at a place called "The Cedars," where a sister of Mary Hewitt, the famous English authoress formerly resided and wrote the charming letter, afterwards embodied in a little work entitled Our Cousins in Ohio. CHEVIOT. This is an old place, founded by an early settler named John Craig in 1818, and was incorporated March 21st, of that year. It is pleasantly situated upon the hills west of the Mill Creek valley, 0n the Harrison turnpike, a mile and a half west of the township line. It had seventy-one inhabitants in 1830, and three hundred and twenty-five fifty years afterwards. In his later years the Hon. Samuel Lewis, the famous philanthropist and educator, long of Cincinnati, resided near Cheviot, upon a farm he owned there. He continued his labors for humanity almost to the end of life, often preaching in the neighboring churches. He died upon his place here, after a long career of usefulness, July 28, 1854. At Cheviot, on the Fourth of July, 1832, there was a noteworthy celebration. Fenton's Cheviot infantry and Palmerton's Delhi infantry made a brave parade, escorting the orator of the day, General William Henry Harrison, to the Presbyterian church, where the exercises took place. Mr. Enoch Carson was reader of the declaration, and the Rev. Messrs. Williamson and Biddle were the chaplains of the day. Messrs. Price and Carpenter served as committeemen. The dinner was at Rush's hotel, where the popular old time song, "The Death of Warren," was given amid much applause. At the celebration of 1841, at the same place, Judge Moore was president, Rev. George Cott, chaplain, W. J. Carson, reader, and Dr. J. D. Talbott, orator. The day seems to have gone off gallantly and pleasantly enough. COVEDALE is a small place on the township line, one mile west of the southeast corner, half a mile northwest of Warsaw, and on the road connecting that place with the Five Corners. DENT is a village on the south fork of Taylor's creek and the Harrison turnpike, two miles and a half northwest of Cheviot, and two miles from the northern and western township lines, respectively. It has about two hundred inhabitants. Here lives the Hon. Charles Reemelin, formerly member of Congress, who is noticed at considerable length in the chapter on the German element in Cincinnati, in the second division of this work. DRY RIDGE is a hamlet of probably fifty inhabitants, on the Cleves turnpike, a mile west of Bridgetown, at the junction of that highway with the road down the south fork of Taylor's creek. The Ebenezer church and a school-house are situated at this point. FIVE CORNERS. This locality, with a little scatter of houses, is at the junction of three country roads, on the dividing line of sections eight and fourteen, a mile and a half south of Cheviot, and the same distance northwest of Covedale. MOUNT AIRY includes a tract of more than three square miles, lying mostly in Mill Creek township, in the chapter devoted to whose history it will be m0re particularly noticed. Five hundred and seventy-nine of its acres are in this township. ST. JACOB'S, in the extreme north of the township, a mile and two-thirds west of the northeast corner, and a mile from the Colerain pike, on the projected Cincinnati & Venice railroad, has a population of about one hundred, and a flourishing Catholic church and school. SHEARTOWN. This is a village near the extreme northwest corner of the, township, with fifty to seventy-five inhabitants, a church, and a school. It is on the Harrison turnpike and the main stream of Taylor's creek. WEISENBURGH. Weisenburgh is a small place inhabited chiefly by Germans, one mile south of St. Jacob's, and two miles and a half north of Cheviot, on the surveyed route of the Cincinnati & Venice railroad. WESTWOOD. This considerable suburb covers, with residences and grounds, more or less thickly, nearly four sections, being the whole of sections two, three and eight, the eastern half of section nine, and, part of section fourteen, being in all two thousand three hundred and twenty-five acres. Along the east line of section two, it immediately adjoins the city in its northwest part. The Cincinnati & Westwood narrow guage railway runs for about two miles through the southern part of the suburb. The village was incorporated in 1868. Among its earlier mayors were John Gaines, 1869-70; F. H. Oehlmann, 1871; Thomas Wills, 1872-4. It had seven hundred and fifty-two inhabitants in 1880. THE HARVEST HOME. A few enterprising residents of Green township started the first Harvest Home organization in the county, which still maintains its annual meetings with great interest and success. On the Fourth of July, 1860, a little group of 310 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. citizens, comprizing Messrs. R. H. Fenton, W. L Carson and N. Gregory, happening to meet in one of the central groves of the township, the suggestion of a regular Harvest Home was started by Mr. Fenton, and cordially acceded to by the others. Several townships had previously made spasmodic experiments in this direction, but had all proved failures after a short run. The foundations of the new Harvest Home were more strongly laid. Judge Robert Moore was secured as president, and dratted the original constitution of the Home. Mr. Samuel W. Carson, now vice-president, was also the first to fill this office. Mr. Joseph B. Boyd was secretary; Nehemiah Gregory, treasurer; S. W. Carson, R. H. Fenton, James Wise, Samuel Benn and James Veasey were directors. A very hopeful organization was thus effected. The next thing was to obtain memberships, at fifty cents apiece, and to this the principal 0fficers of the Home addressed themselves. It was uphill business for a time, but finally good results were reached, especially by Mr. Fenton, who had obtained a large number of memberships in the city. The first gathering to celebrate the "Harvest Home" was held the next year, August 16, 1861, in Carson's grove, half a mile north of Cheviot, where most or all of the annual reunions have been held. The Home has since never failed of its annual celebration, and has never experienced a wet or unfavorable day at the appointed time. The last meeting was in Carson's gr0ve, August 25, 1880, when at least ten thousand people were present (it is said that there are never less than ten thousand at the meetings), and a number of excellent and interesting speeches were made. An exhibition of grain, vegetables, fruit, flowers, garden products, bread, butter and other articles grown or made in the township, is nowadays held in connection with the Home, with premiums as at the annual fairs, and the managers think of adding a series of prizes for stock, p0ultry, improvement in farming implements and other exhibits. The reunions are always accompanied with a bountiful banquet, dancing upon a platform erected for that purpose and owned by the society, and other amusements. Liquor is never sold at the celebrations, so far as is known. Mr. E. C. Reemelin is now president of the home. No p0litical or sectarian matters are allowed in any way to enter into its operations. HISTORICAL NOTES. Green township has just twice and a half the number of inhabitants it had a half century ago. The census of 183o developed a population of one thousand nine hundred and eighty-five in the township; that of 1870 showed four thousand three hundred and fifty-six; of 188o, six thousand six hundred and eighty-nine. At one time, in the early day, nearly the whole tract now covered by Green township was sold at sheriff's sale for seventy-five dollars. After the original proprietorship of Bendinot & Sims, it was owned mainly by Generals Harrison and Findlay, and Judge Burnet, of Cincinnati, for whom it was sold out in parcels by the father of Colonel E. T. Carson, now chief of police in that city. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. THOMAS WILLS, ESQ. This venerable gentleman, one of the best known citizens of the village of Cheviot in this township, is of Irish lineage on both sides of his family. His paternal grandfather, James Wills, immigrated from Ireland to the new world about the year 1780, with a brother, and settled in eastern Pennsylvania for a time, but shortly afterwards removed to the present Fleming county, Kentucky, upon or near the site of Flemingsburgh. He was among the earliest pioneers to this part of the "dark and bloody ground," and was driven from his improvements by the marauding savages as many as three times, once being obliged to remain away for the period of two years. When preparing for flight, Mr. Wills was compelled to bring all his farming utensils in which there was iron, to prevent their falling into the hands of the Indians. He had many troubles with the redskins, and for a long period could hardly consider his life secure at any moment. James Wills is believed to have been a native of county Down, Ireland, so also was the maternal grandfather, George Dowler. He came to this country in 1790, and likewise located in eastern Pennsylvania, where he died some years afterwards. His son, George Dowler, jr., was a man of marked ability, and became a prominent minister in the Methodist Episcopal church. When his family removed westward, he was kept behind in Wheeling, through his mother's fear of the Indians, and grew to manhood in that place. After the death of the elder Dowler, his widow married James Grimes, of eastern Pennsylvania. They removed to Hagerstown, in the same State, and remained there until 1795, when they came to Newtown, in Anderson township, Hamilton c0unty, Ohio, being among the very first settlers of this region. Here Mr. Grimes spent the remainder of his days, in the peaceful pursuits of agriculture, and died about four years after his immigration. Samuel, son of James, and father of Thomas Wills, was born at the pioneer home near Flemingsburgh, Kentucky. He learned the trade of a stone-mason, and became proficient in all branches of the business. About 1808 he went to Newtown, in search of work, and there met Miss Mary, daughter of James Grimes and Mrs. Dowler Grimes, aforesaid, whom he married the next year. He died in 1822, when Thomas was but seven years old. About two years afterwards Mrs. Wills was united in marriage to William Hatfield, a shoemaker at Newtown. Thomas was the third son of the previous union. Upon the remarriage of his mother, he lived with his grandmother three years, and then returned home, where he learned the trade of shoemaking with his stepfather, and followed it in the paternal-shop until the age of seventeen, when he left Newtown. In 1839 he removed to Cheviot, in Green township. Nine years after he was married to Miss Eliza Richardson, by whom he has had seven children, of whom three are still living. He continued the boot and shoe business and remained HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 311 at it as long as he was able to work. He was soon called, however, to the performance of public duties, in which he was more or less engaged all the rest of his life. When he settled in Cheviot that region was almost entirely isolated, and material for official service was rather scarce; he was hence, in a manner, forced into prominent positions which he would not voluntarily have asked or accepted. For twenty-nine years he was a justice of the peace in this township, retaining remarkable popularity, and commanding general approval by the integrity and impartiality of his decisi0ns. For thirty-one years, the entire period of a generation of the human race, he was p0stmaster at Chevi0t. In 1865 he was chosen by his fellow citizens to a yet more responsible position, as director of the county infirmary, and was thrice reelected, serving in all, three terms in that position, with entire acceptance to his associates of the board and to his constituents. He then declined further service, on account of. increasing infirmities and disabilities; and has since declined to assume 0fficial duties. He died Sunday, February 27, 1881, in the sixty-sixth year of his age, leaving abundance of proof that the sunset of his life was as glorious and peaceful as had been the purity of his relations toward his fellow men. FRANK FRONDORF. Frank Frondorf, an enterprising farmer, lives about two miles from Cheviot, Green township, on the Cleves turnpike. His farm consists of over two hundred acres of choice lands, which he has secured for a homestead, having bought the same in parts at different times as opportunity and business prosperity would permit. His father, George Frank Frondorf, his wife Catharine, Elizabeth, their daughter, and four sons, Philip, Frank, Christopher, and Henry—the youngest who died soon after their arrival—left Hesse Darmstadt in the year 1840, and after landing in New York made their way to the State of Iowa, where the father and part of the family remained. Frank Frondorf came back to Ohio after a short stay of three months, and began life working for himself, remaining thereafter in Hamilton county. He was born the tenth of March, 1819; was ab0ut twenty-one years of age when he first began working for R. H. Fenton, who kept the tavern at the Seven Mile h0use. After a stay here of three years he worked about five years at the Buckeye house for Reid & Anderson, who were proprietors. During the second year of his stay at the last named place he became acquainted with Miss Mary Elizabeth Koelling, from Melle Hanover, who came to this country alone in the year 1842, arriving first in New Orleans, from there coming to Cincinnati, where she married Mr. Frondorf in the year 1846. She was born December 26, 1818. The young couple, after working two or three years longer in the hotel, added their pennies together and bought eighty acres of the present homestead, to which they added, at different times, from thirty to fifty acres, until finally the farm increased to two hundred and forty acres, the amount of which he owns at present. He also worked two years at the Mill Creek house. This was previous to going to the Buckeye hotel, and making in all several years service as a hired hand, by which he saved earnings sufficient to start him as a farmer. After Mr. Frondorf moved to his farm the young couple began a system of labor and economy that laid the basis of their future wealth. They not only worked and economized, being sparing of their earnings, but they added improvements, from time to time, to their little home until now their beautiful place somewhat resembles a miniature t0wn. They not only have an elegant mansion (the second 0ne, the first burned down) for the rest and repose of themselves, but by a singular foresight, common only to the most industrious and thriving classes of society, have looked as closely after the wants and necessities of their stock and domestic brutes as to themselves. Phillip, the oldest brother, joins farms with Frank. He came to America in 1837. George Frank Frondorf, the father, lived in Iowa until 1856. His wife died in 1843. He was a shoemaker, and also owned a fine farm, but seemed never contented in America, and died in the seventy-third year of his age in the year 1856. The last two years of his life were spent with his son Frank in Ohio. Mr. Frondorf has also been a useful member of society in various ways. He was the founder and chief supporter of the Catholic church in Cheviot, being not only the prime mover but a munificent giver until the church building was erected and the church established, having furnished the brick for the building himself. He is the father of three children. The son has charge of the farm entire, Mr. Frondorf having retired from business altogether. One daughter is a member of the Sisters of Charity; the other remains at home. DANIEL ISGRIG. Daniel Isgrig, of Dent, Green township, is one of the oldest residents of the county, having been born June 30, 1796, in Baltimore county, Maryland, and most of the time since which period has resided in the immediate vicinity of his present home. His father is of English and his mother of German descent. His father, Daniel, was born in Maryland, March 2, 1775, and died in Ripley county, Indiana, July 17, 1854. His mother, Rachel Barns, was the eldest daughter of John Barns; was born in Virginia, March 22, I 760. She died in Ripley county, Indiana, August 16, 1854. The parents were both buried near Moor's hill, in the above named county, where the father died in the eightieth year of his age. His widow was the mother of seventeen children, one hundred and twenty-three grandchildren, and one hundred and ten great-grandchildren, and before she died could say to her daughter, "Arise, daughter, and go to your daughter, for you daughter's daughter bath a daughter." William, the great-grandfather, came from England 312 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO about the year 1725. He had two sons, Michael and Daniel, the last named being the grandfather of our subject. Mr. Isgrig's father being born in the time of the Revolution gave him some opportunity of witnessing the consequences of the war. The Tories were troublesome, having burned his father's barn, and committing other depredations that caused fear and alarm to the family. After the war his father moved to the Alleghany mountains, eight miles above Fort Cumberland, and remained there until 1789, when the family removed to Maysville, Kentucky, going down the Monongahela and the Ohio rivers in a boat. The usual hardships of a pioneer life with the Indians as well as in many other respects, were experienced by the family, and as usual many tales of adventure and heroism could here be told. Suffice it to say Mr. Isgrig's father was a bold and daring man, capable of enduring what would have overthrown most men, and withal was a strict man in his family, observing the Christian duties of a father and husband himself. In 1806 the family removed to Green township, Hamilton county, Ohio, where Daniel Isgrig, the subject of this sketch was married, in the year 1817, to. Miss Elizabeth McMahon. In 1831 he bought the present homestead, consisting of seventy-three acres, living for a time at Mt. Healthy, but at the above named time moved to the present homestead two miles north of Dent, on the Pleasant ridge. From here he moved to Taylor's creek, where he lived nine years, but returned in I880. In 1841 he was married the second time, his second wife's name being Mary Underwood, and from which union he was blessed with three children : Viola, the daughter of this wife, now Mrs. Marks has her abode with her father; R0bert, a son, was nine months in the war of the Rebellion, and a regular nine years after the war. His third wife, Miss Seal, is still living; from this union he is the father of one child, and of eighteen children in all Mr. Isgrig is of a hardy, robust nature, has seldom experienced sickness during his long, eventful life, and has been a character of some position and influence during his time. His education was necessarily limited, having mastered the rudiments of an education more by sheer contact with the problems of life than from instruction —nor in this do we find him unsuccessful. For thirty years and over he was the principal surveyor of his county, and during that period, but few roads or farms, and tracts of lands of his township have escaped from his glazing axe. He was also, many years, administrator, serving for different parties at different times. He was also for a number of years notary public, township trustee, etc., so that in summing up his life, we find him to have been a very useful and prominent citizen of his county. HARRISON. HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION. This township had its origin in the manifest need of a new municipality for the convenience of the increasing population in the northwestern part of the county, which in 1853 caused the erection by the county commissioners of Harrison from Crosby and Whitewater townships. It is the northernmost township of the county. Its boundary lines are wholly artificial, and begin on the dry fork of Whitewater, at the southeast quarter of section thirty-three, in range one, township three; thence westward three miles to the county and State line; thence north six miles to the Butler county line; thence east three miles to the northeast corner of section four; thence south to the place of beginning. Dearborn county, Indiana, lies next to the westward; Butler county on the north; four miles of Crosby and two miles of White-water townships on the east; and Whitewater township on the south. Harrison lies altogether upon Congress land, in the west half of the third township, range one. It thus contains eighteen sections of land, which cover a little more territory than so many exactly full sections, by reason of some divergence of meridian lines in the easternmost tier, making some of aim a little broader than should be. The central and western tiers are beautifully regular squares, appropriately exact. The acres of the township number eleven thousand one hundred and forty-seven. Harrison township lies chiefly in the valleys of the Whitewater and Dry fork of the Whitewater, giving its surface a generally flat and fertile character. The former stream enters from Indiana upon section nineteen, half a mile south of Harrison village, and flows in a tortuous course of about three miles through four western and southern sections of the township to its point of exit nearly half way across the southern township line. The Dry fork skirts the southern half of the eastern line, with several ins and outs, and an exceedingly winding course, leaving the township finally almost exactly at the southeast corner. Lee's creek, with two other tributaries flowing into the Dry fork in Crosby township, partly or wholly intersect the northeastern part of Harrison; and some of the headwaters of Whitewater river, flowing to the west of MR. AND MRS. RICHARD CALVIN. Richard Calvin was born at the old family homestead in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, February 1, 1806. His father, Joshua, was of German extraction, and held the office of captain at Marker's Hook, below Philadelphia, in the War of 1812. All his grandparents were born and grew up to young manhood and early womanhood at or near Kingwood, Hunterdon county, New Jersey. All were farmers, except his grandfather on his father's side, who was a miller, but who devoted most of his time to agricultural pursuits. They all took an active part in the Revolution and reflected much credit on their names. His mother's father was for many years justice of the peace. His grandfather Calvin had six children, and his grandfather Updike ten children. Mr. Calvin's father and mother were the oldest out of each family. His father died at seventy-seven years, and his mother at eighty-five years, Bucks county, Pennsylvania, being the seat of their death. Susan Ann was his mother's given name. Richard Calvin had four br0thers and six sisters --Jonathan, Katie, Grace, Clara See, Fannie, Rebecca, Samuel, Luther, Susan, William. Nearly all the family are dead, while those remaining are scattered throughout the land. Richard was born at Erwinna, a noted post office near Doylestown, the county seat. At the close of the War, of 1812, his father fought a farm on the Delaware, settled, raised a large family, and though not wealthy, was a powerful factor in all enterprises of private and public importance. He served two terms in the legislature about 1822. It was at the old homestead that Richard received his education. As was the fashion then, he attended school during the winter months only. Mathematics was his favorite study, and from his natural talents more than anything else, was enabled in after years to compute and draft for public contracts. At twenty-two years of age he left home, went between Bristol and Easton and there, in partnership with Isaac Otis, engaged in building a canal from Bristol to Easton. This was his first public contract. He next employed himself in erecting a dam on the Schuylkill and building a railroad from Port Clinton to Mockway. Here he became acquainted with Miss Martha Hann, an English girl, a resident of P0ttsville. They were married at Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1831, and settled at the same place for a time. Anna, his first child, was born at Reading in 1832. He next contracted for building an inclined plane railway, very heavy work, over Broad mountain, which was the first inclined railway in Pennsylvania. He next migrated to Michigan, because of non-employment in Pennsylvania. Porter was governor then, and on him Calvin called and was treated kindly. This was the second year after the Black Hawk war. Here he bought six or seven hundred acres of land, paid for it in cash, and began farming on the St. Joseph river. Indians and all manner of wild animals were in profusion; and here, too, overtook them death and ill health, losing two of their household. On account of these disasters the farm was sold, and from Michigan they changed to Logansport, Indiana. While here he contracted in building locks and bridges. In 1837 he located in Indianapolis, and again took contracts for bridges and canals. Then he changed to Putnam county, took more contracts, and here, too, his second daughter, Bettie, was born, 1840. In 1841 the State became bankrupt, and then a change was made to Harrison, Ohio, turning his attention to agriculture. In 1844 his daughter Mattie was born. Again, in 1845, at the earnest solicitation of the Whitewater Canal company, he engaged in building and improving dams on the river, between Brookville and Lawrenceburgh. Mrs. Calvin was born in England, and came to the United States when a child, and grew to womanhood at Pottsville, Schuylkill county, Pennsylvania. Her parents were prominent miners, and brought men from England to carry on mining in the Eastern States. Her brothers were active in the cause of freedom, and early gave their time and means to their chosen land. One of them is now a government collector at Detroit, Michigan. They are large, strong, powerful men. She is one out of a family of twelve children—the third in line. Only three of her children live: Anna, wife of Charles Hilts, who has four daughters and one son; Bettie, wife of George C. Huston, who has two daughters and one son; and Mattie (wife of Thomas Taylor, son of ex-mayor of Cincinnati, Mark P. Taylor) whose husband is deputy sheriff of the county. In politics and education Richard Calvin is favorably known. In 1865 the Republican party elected him sheriff by a majority of five thousand. By nature he is adapted to accumulate property; by nature he is honest and benevolent; by nature he is admirable and worthy of esteem. Mr. Calvin retired from business on account of failing eyesight; and though feeble, he may yet see many more years of happiness. His life has been a successful one, and amidst all his trials and tribulations, has been above reproach. Exposure and hardship often bring to light admirable qualities in men, and in Mr. Calvin's case they certainly produced this result. No one can lay to his action an uncharitable deed. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 313 Harrison village, have their source in the northwestern part of the township. The southern half of the township is mostly low, belonging to the bottom-land of the streams; the northern half is more elevated, and broken into ridges by the wear of water-courses, and very likely other agencies, through the milleniums of geology. The Whitewater Valley railroad, keeping pretty close to the river whence it takes its name, enters, like that, the township below Harrison village, and runs for about four miles to a point half a mile east of the river and a little more than a mile from the southeast corner of the township, where it departs into Whitewater township. The Whitewater canal formerly had its course in part through this township, nearly on the same line as the railroad, and also terminating, so far as Hamilton county is concerned, near Harrison village. Its history is recorded in a chapter of part I of this book. The Harrison turnpike also comes in from the directi0n of Miami-town, near the southeast corner of section twenty-eight, and runs thence in a nearly straight and due northwest course across the township to the village of Harrison. ANCIENT REMAINS. The limited tract of Harrison township does not abound in ancient remains, but still possesses some of interest, as the mounds on Bonnell's hill, in the eastern part of the township, which are understood to be among the burial-places of the long-gone race in the valleys of the White-water and the Great Miami. EARLY RELIGION. About 1803 a regular Baptist church, attached to the Miami Baptist association, was organized in what is now the northern part of Harrison township, and took the name of Dry Fork of Whitewater church, a singular name for a church of immersionists, truly. In 1836 this society went off with the anti-mission Baptist churches, and is said to have lost its identity altogether in 1853. At this time the majority of the association, in membership and vastly so in number of churches, including this one, joined the anti-mission standard. THE MORGAN RAID. The great event in the brief history of this, the youngest township of Hamilton county, was the John Morgan raid, which occurred ten years after the creation of the township, or in July, 1863. The invading force crossed it on the main roads, but entered ii on but one—that through Harrison village. The advent of Morgan and his horde at that place was a thorough surprise. It was known by the people that he was somewhere to the westward in Indiana; but his direction of march was unknown, and there was no special reason to expect him at Harrison. Morgan's forces were, indeed, considerably scattered in southeastern Indiana, on the twelfth of July, and it was exceedingly difficult to divine the leader's intentions; but on that day and the forepart of the next they moved rapidly by converging roads upon Harrison, at which one point they struck Ohio. About one o'clock in the afternoon of the thirteenth the advance of the rebel command was seen streaming down the hillsides on the west side of the valley, and the alarm was at once given in the streets of Harrison. Citizens hastened at once to secrete valuables and run off their horses; but in a very few moments the enemy was swarming all over the town. The raiders generally behaved pretty well, however, offering few insults to the people, and maltreating no w0men or other person. They secured what h0rses they could, and thronged the stores, taking whatever they fancied. The eccentric character of the stealing, as described by Colonel Duke in our chapter on the Morgan raid through Ohio, was manifest here. One gentleman who kept a drug and notion store was despoiled of nothing but soap and perfumery. He had a large stock of albums, which were popular then, and expected to see them go rapidly; but not one was taken. Similar incidents are related of other shops in the village; and from 0ne and another a large amount of goods in the aggregate was taken. But there was no robbery from house to house, or from the person; and after a very few hours stay, having refreshed themselves and their horses, and gained all desired information, the head of the column began to file out of the village in the direction of Cincinnati, on the Harrison turnpike. Reaching the junction of the New Haven road a third of a mile out, part of the force took to that thoroughfare, and proceeded eastward through Crosby township, crossing the Great Miami at New Baltimore. The remainder kept down the Harrison pike, through Whitewater township, crossing the river at Miamitown. Their passage on both roads was attended by no special incident, and was of course entirely unopposed. That same night found the invading force abreast of Cincinnati, and the next day out of the county, after a tremendous midsummer march of thirty hours. But the thrilling story has been related elsewhere, and need not be further dwelt upon here. THE OLD SOLDIERS. For the following list of veteran volunteers from Harrison township, in the late war, credit is due to the handsome double number of the Harrison News, published Christmas day, 1879: Bruce Keen, Jackson Williams, and Alexander Wiles, of company C, Fifth Ohio cavalry, all reenlisted February 15, 1864, and mustered in March 16, 1864. Christopher Doerman, same company and regiment, reenlisted March 31, 1864, mustered in April 25, 1864. Arthur Hill, same command, reenlisted March 29, 1864, mustered in April 25th, same year. Will R. Hartpence, company C, Fifty-first Indiana infantry, reenlisted January r, 1864, mustered in February 12, 1864. William T. Campbell, George W. Pierce, Francis M. Shook, Joseph Davis, William Gold, William Orr, and David H. Lawrence, Fifty-second Indiana infantry, enlisted and mustered in February 27, 1864. Frank Crets and Isaac Jackson, Seventeenth Indiana battery, reenlisted and mustered in January I, 1864. Patrick Haggerty. NOTES OF SETTLEMENT. John Ashby was born in the territory of Indiana, in 1810, June 2nd. Fourteen years after that date he went to Cincinnati, Ohio. When he came to Ohio he learned the tanner's and currier's trade, but abandoned it afterward, and, coming to Harrison, entered into partnership with his brother, Hamilton, for the purpose of trading in dry goods. In 1843 he was appointed postmaster of 40 314 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY,. OHIO. Harrison, which position he kept for seven years. In 1851 he was engaged by William & Samuel Ferris to superintend their store, where he remained four years. One term he served as mayor of Harris0n, and at several different times he has been elected to the office of justice of the peace, which office he is holding at the present time. He has always been a Democrat in politics. His first wife, Elizabeth Tooker, was horn in 1818, married in 1836, and died in 1854. She had five children: Martin V. B., Olin H. P., George M. D. (married to Clara Zeumer), Alice, and Ida. His second wife was Phoebe C. Zeumer, who died in August of 1879, at the age of fifty-eight. Warren Tibbs, born in Prince William county, Virginia, in 1791, emigrated from North Carolina to Ohio in 1807, when he located his home in Harrison. During his early life he was a farmer, but afterward followed the hotel business at the place now owned by Dr. Thomas. At one time, while a river trader between New Orleans and Harrison, he was obliged to sell his boat and walk back with no protection excepting his rifle. He was twice chosen to represent Dearborn county, Indiana, in the State legislature. At different times he held the offices of postmaster, justice of the peace, and township trustee. In the Indian war he had a part under General Harrison. In politics he has always been a Democrat. He married Elizabeth; a native of Kentucky, in 1815, who was born in 1794. Her death occurred at Williamsport, Indiana, in 1875. Her husband died at the same place in 1872. They had ten children : Alvin G., wh0se wife was Maria Snyder, of Harrison; Francis M., married to Tillie McNelba, and living in Louisiana; Moses, married and living in Nevada; Loria A., married to James Cloud, and now in Indiana; Louisa, the wife first of Simon Smythe and afterward of James Torrence, row a resident of Indiana ; Loretta, living in the same State; Lydia, the wife of Doctor Miller, of Indiana; Martha A., married to Isaac Roseberry, and Elizabeth, to Henry Johnson, both living in Indiana; and one child that died in infancy before it had been named. Alvin G. Tibbs was born in Indiana, in the year 1816. For three years he attended school at Oxford, Ohio, afterward dividing his time between farming and teaching school. In Indiana he held the office of justice of peace, and was twice elected to the legislature of that State from Dearborn county. He married Maria Snyder of Pennsylvania in 1838. He was a member of the Christian church; in politics was always a Democrat. He died in 1856, his wife surviving him. They have had seven children—Theodore, who died while an infant; Fannie, now living in Indiana ; Warren, married to Ellma Laymen and residing in the same State; George B., 0f Indiana, also, married to Maria Gunkle; John H., whose wife is Sarah A. Keen, now of Hamilton county; Arthur G., now of Lawrenceburgh, Indiana; and James W., married to Emma Hillman of the same State. John F., son of Alvin G. Tibbs, was born in Harrison, in 1845, where he gained a common scho0l education to which he added three years at Oyler's c0llege. In 1859 he learned the miller's trade which he followed f0r a time but finally gave it up and engaged as clerk with W. W. Davidson & Co. In 187o he began the business of "Men's Furnishing Goods" which he still follows under the firm name of Tibbs Brothers, the only store of the kind in Harris0n. He is a member of the Christian church; served one term on the board of education of Harrison. He married Sarah A. Keen, a native of Indiana, in 1868. They have four children, John, Bertha, James, and Arthur. William F. Converse was born in Randolph, Orange county, Vermont, June t0, 1812. Attending the Orange County academy, he took the regular course of study. When sixteen years old he went to Rochester to live, where he served an apprenticeship to the gunsmith's trade. In 1836 he came to Hamilton county, and at first settled in Cincinnati. There he entered the employ of Abel Cox in the manufacture of guns, on Elm street. After remaining there three years he came to Harrison and opened an establishment for the manufacture of guns. After a short time, owing to ill health, he sold his interest to Henry Minor. He left his trade and followed school teaching for three years; he then engaged as bookkeeper and cashier for William Hass0n, of Harrison. In 1849 he invented the simultaneous screw cutting machine that came into general use in a short time. In 1861 invented the elastic wire bed bottom, an article generally used throughout the United States. In 1846 he was elected representative from Hamilton county on the Democratic ticket, and afterward reelected. In 1853 he was elected to the State senate, and two years later reelected. In 1863 he was elected on the Union ticket county c0mmissioner. At one time he also held the office of trustee of Harrison township, and was elected the first mayor of Harrison, He is a member of the Christian church; in politics an independent, always voting for whom he may think the best man. He married Margaret J. Snyder, of Hamilton county, Ohio, in 1847. They have eight children: Augusta and Francis, of Hamilton county.; Oliver, married to Cora Ball and now in Stark county; William, married to Rebecca West and residing also in Stark county; Frederick, living in Harrison; Annie, living in Harrison county; and Edith and Bertha, both of Harrison. He served as president of the school, board of Harrison for many years, was always interested in educational matters, and was the first to organize the present school system in Harrison, writing and putting up the first notice to call a meeting over thirty years ago. He was the prime mover, too, in the organization of a cemetery board, and has been president of the Glenhaven cemetery for the past twenty-five years. George Arnold was born in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1784, but emigrated from New Jersey to Ohio, and settled in Elizabethtown, Whitewater township. In 1828 he moved into Indiana, where he remained thirty years. While there, he was representative from Dearborn county two successive terms. He was also elected c0unty commissioner for the same county. Later in his life he returned to Ohio, where he remained till his death, which occurred in 1866, at Lawrenceburgh, Indiana. He was killed by a fall from his carriage. He married MR. AND MRS. STEPHEN BURK is the second son, and third child, of Ulick and Rachel (Jones) Burk, of Baltimore county, Maryland, both of them born and raised there. They had nine children, besides Stephen six daughters and three sons—John, Nancy, Elisha, Mary, Sarah (died in infancy), Elizabeth, Rachel, Susan, and Ulick. John, Stephen, and Elisha, the three oldest children, and Mary, now Mrs. George Swales, a widow, residing four to five miles southwest of Harrison, in Indiana, and Rachel (Mrs. Joshua Lemon, widow of 'a farmer now deceased, of Fayette county, Indiana), are still living. The parents removed in 1809 from Maryland to the tract about one mile south of Harrison, on the State line, now owned by their son Stephen, where Mrs. Burk's father had already settled. Here they lived the rest of their lives, and both of them died here in a good old age—the father in his eighty-fifth year, January 16, 1864; and the mother in her eighty-third or eighty-fourth year, dying February 22, 1866. Stephen Burk was two years old when his parents came to the Miami country, having been born September 24, 1807, at the old home in Baltimore county, Maryland. He is somewhat remotely of Irish stock, on the father's side. He was educated to the limited extent attainable in the schools of that day and neighborhood, and has acquitted himself through a long life as a man of intelligence and character. He remained a bachelor at the old home south of Harrison, devoting himself to the care of his parents and the labors of the farm, except one year, when he took a partnership in a country store at Alquina, Fayette county, Indiana—until both his father and mother had gone to their long home. He staid some years longer upon the paternal estate, during which he was married, June i6, 1875, to Miss Martha Eliza Pruden, of Harrison village. In the February following he removed to the pleasant, elegant residence now occupied by him on the Cincinnati turnpike, one mile southeast of Harrison, where he is spending a tranquil old age, in quite tolerable health for his years, and with the remembrance of a life well spent to cheer him. He has been no office-seeker, and on one occasion, when nominated for a local office, he electioneered vigorously against his own candidacy, and succeeded in defeating himself. He has been a life-long Democrat, however, and always goes to the polls to deposit his vote. His first vote was cast for General Andrew Jackson for the Presidency of the United States. He never has been connected with any of the religious or secret societies, but has been satisfied to live a self-contained and independent life. Mrs. Burk is the fifth child and third daughter of James and Sarah ( Swales ) Pruden, of Dearborn county, Indiana. She was born in that county, but in Harrison village, on the Indiana side, on the eighteenth of April, 1841. She remained at home during her girlhood and youth, receiving her education in the village .schools, and for two terms in the Ohio Female College, at College Hill. For about twelve years, beginning with the year 1859, she taught in country suburbs, either on the public or subscription foundation ; and her popularity in this work is attested by the fact that her teaching was confined to three districts in the neighborhood of her old home, in one or the other of which she was ever sure of an engagement, and could always get a sub- scription school when the public money was exhausted. She is a lady of unusual culture and refinement, and remembers with pleasure her days of pedagogic life. In, 1871 she embarked in business in Harrison village, in a millinery and ladies' notion store, in which she remained about four years, until shortly before her marriage with Mr. Burk. They have two children — Stephen James, who was born June 20, 1876, and Martha Estella, who was born November 20, 1879. She is a member of the Presbyterian church in Harrison, and has lived in the faith of that denomination since her childhood. It has been the faith of her father and his ancestors for several generations, and of most of her relatives. Her mother is English-born, coming with her parents to Dearborn county, Indiana, in June, in the year 1831, and is of the Church of England, or Episcopal faith. Both of her parents are still living. Her father is of English and Irish stock, and came to this part of the country with his parents in 1816. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 315 Mary Eads, of Kentucky, who died in 1856. She had eight children. He then married a lady of Harrison, who had one child. For many years he was an elder in the Presbyterian church. He always took deep interest in all public improvements, and contributed liberally for the support of the church. He was also a leader among the Free Masons, having joined the order at an early day. The children are: James, married to Mary Kishler, and living in Hamilton county ; Samuel, married to Elizabeth Hand, and now in the State of Illinois; Mary J., the wife of James L. Andrew, and now in Indiana; George W., married to Hannah B. Herrin, and in Hamilton county; Clinton C., married, and living in Kansas; Richard C., married to Laura Walker, of Indiana; William M., married to Louisa Hughs, and now in the same State as the preceding ; Eveline, the wife of Mr. Brunson, and now of the same State; and Martha J., now living with the second Mrs. Arnold in Pennsylvania. George W. Arnold was born in Elizabethtown, Ohio, in 1823, where he began the business of farming and stock raising, in which he is now engaged. When seven years of age, he went with his father to Indiana, where he remained till 1855. As a Democrat, he held the office of township trustee several years. In 1855 he returned to Ohio, and settled on the farm, where he now lives. Since coming to this State, he has held the offices of trustee and school director. In 1844 he was married to Hannah B. Herrin, of Ohio. They have had eight children: Joanna, Emma, John H., Mary, George W., married to Helen, and living in Hamilton county; Charles A., married to Kittie Caloway, and also now in Hamilton county; Purley and Katie. Andrew M. Wakefield was born in Hamilton county, January 11, 1819, and died November 10, 1873. He always followed the business of farming, at the same time served several times as trustee of Crosby township. Early in life he was a Presbyterian, but later became a Methodist. In politics he was a Democrat. He married Phoebe Alberton, a native of Ohio, 1nd of Welsh descent. W. F. Wakefield was born in 1844, in Crosby township, where he received a common school education. He remained on his father's farm till twenty-one years of age, when he attended school at Farmer's college at College Hill. From there he went to Mr. Nelson's Commercial college at Cincinnati, where he remained but a short time, accepting a place as bookkeeper in the wholesale house of D. B. Dunlevy & Co. This position was followed by that of soliciting agent for a grain commission house, when, after two years of service he spent some time in travelling through the Indian territory. Returning to Harrison, he married Emma Shoobridge, and has held at different times the offices of corporation clerk of Harrison, and assessor. Since his marriage he has been twice in the employ of Mr. G. W. Keen, in the grocery business with John Small, in the saw-mill business for himself, and at present, is bookkeeper for James Campbell. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and a Democrat in politics. He has two children. Robert Cary was born in Lynn, New Hampshire, January 24, 1787, and moved with his father t0 the Northwest Territory in 1802, and settled in Cincinnati, but eventually moved to College Hill. A soldier in the war of 1812, he was with General Hull at the surrender of Detroit. His death took place November 13, 1866, He was a quiet, upright man, respected by all who knew him. In 1813, he was married to Eliza Jessup, of Hamilton county, Ohio, who died July 30, 1835. They had nine children: Rowena, married to Isaac B. Carrihan; Susan, married to Alexander Swift; Rhoda, Alice, Asa, whose wife was Leah A. Woodruff, of Hamilton county; Phoebe; Warren, whose wives were Martha A. Tremper and Emma Tremper, of Hamilton county; Lucy; and Elmira, married to Alexander Swift. Warren Cary was born in Hamilton county, October 16, 1826, where he received a common school education and also took a course of study at College Hill. He is a farmer, in which business he has been engaged nearly all his life. In politics he is a Republican; in religious belief a Universalist. His three children are Robert, Alexander S., and Clarence W. Robert Cary was born in Hamilton county, in 1850, where he received a common school education and also a two years' course at College Hill. He married Eliza Wilson, of the same county, in 1874. They have two children, Elmira and Martha. He is a farmer in business, in politics a Republican. Matthew Brown, a native of Ireland, was born in the year 1753, but emigrated to Ohio from South Carolina, and settled, in 1803, on the farm now owned by John Baughman, in Harrison. He was a farmer by occupation, a Democrat in politics. His wife was Jane Jones, a native of South Carolina. She had eight children: Nancy, married to Samuel Harlen, and living in Indiana; David, married to Susan Gladwell, and also in Indiana; Katie, the wife of George Harlen, and living in Iowa; Robert, married to Katie Cotton, also in Indiana; Samuel, married to Betsey Atherton, and living in Indiana; Sarah, the wife of Thomas Goulding, of Indiana; Betsey, married to Isaac Ferris and residing in Hamilton county; and John, married to Sarah Herm, of the same county. John Brown was born in South Carolina, in 1803, and came to Ohio with his parents. He has been a farmer all his life, and for many years was a member of the Harrison school board. In politics he is a Democrat. He married Sarah Herin, of New Jersey, in 1824. August 30, r874, he died at the age of 1871. He was the father of seven children: Jane, now the wife of James Charelton, of Butler county, Ohio; John, married to Sarah Ellis and living in Indiana; Martha and Rebecca, both living in Hamilton county; Sarah, wife of Jehu John, and now living in Illinois; Hannah, married to John Vanausdall, and now in Hamilton county; and Jefferson, remaimng in the same place. George G. Oyler was born in England, in 1815, came to the United States with his father in 1828, and first settled in Hamilton county on the farm now owned by Thomas Bowles. After serving an apprenticeship with Mr. D. A. Davidson, he followed the painter's trade for thirty-five years, but at present devotes himself entirely 316 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. to his farm. A Democrat, he has held the office of trustee in the township. He ranks high, too, as a Mason. He married Elizabeth Gerrard, of Ohio, in 1838. She had one child, Sarah, who died while an infant. The mother also died in 1876. He then married Honor J. Minor. Frederick Biddinger, senior, was a native of Fayette county, Pennsylvania. He was born in 1804, and came to Ohio with his father and settled in Butler county. After a year they moved to this county, and in 1810 he began on the farm which he now occupies. At present he is in possession of a fine competency. A Democrat in politics, he held the office of trustee of Harrison township one year; has always taken a deep interest in public improvements, and was instrumental in the laying out of the Biddinger pike, running from Harrison to Oxford. He is a member of the English Lutheran church; has held the office of trustee in the church for many years, and has always been deeply interested in the subject of education of youth. He married Sarah Black, of Ohio, who died in 1873. The children are John W., married to Margaret Otto, and now living in Butler county, Ohio; George A., married to Catharine Simonson, and now in this county; Emeline, wife of John Livingston, now in the same county; Jacob, married to Sarah Stephens, also living in this county; Angeline, now the wife of William Hutchinson, and residing in Missouri; Catharine, in this county; Melinda, Mrs. Thomas Thomas of the same county; Martha, the wife of Martis Holowell, and now residing in Indiana; Wesley M., married to Fanny McIntyre, and now in Illinois; and Lewis F., of this county. Asa R. Mittler, born in Dearborn county, Indiana, in 1817, is a farmer of Hamilton county, where he settled in 1848. The first, few years he was a resident of Harrison township, and while there he dealt in stock. In 1852 he organized a company and went over the plains to California where he was engaged for a year in mining and keeping hotel, and returned to Ohio by way of Panama. At the end of two years he purchased a farm in White-water township, on which he lived until 1870, when he moved to the place on which is now his home. While in Whitewater township he held the office of township trustee and treasurer for a number of years, and has filled the same office in the township where he now resides. He has always been a Democrat. February 22, 1855 he was married to Euphemia Rittenhouse, of Ohio. The children are Alice, Ellen (now the wife of George Arnold), Charles, George, and Mabel. John Jones, born in Baltimore county, Maryland, first settled in Harrison township in 1809. He was both a farmer and miller. In religious faith he was a Baptist, but never united with a church. His wife was Sarah Harriman. Their children are Betsy, Sarah, Rachel, Temperance, Ruth, Nancy, Rebecca, Stephen and Ellen. Benjamin Simonson, the oldest member of the family of Aaron and Margaret Simonson, was born in this county in 1827. In 1864 he entered into partnership with George and John Punny, for the manufacture of bedsteads, in which business he continued four years, when he disposed of his interest and returned to his farm. He is a member of the Sand Hill grange, in which he has twice held the place of overseer, and was also an officer in the Ancient Order of Red Men. In politics he classes himself with the Democratic party. In 1848 he married Maria Johnson, of Indiana. Their nine children are Margaret E., now Mrs. Harry Sleet; Nicholas J., Pricilla, Helen M., Mary E., Zaruma, Benjamin F., Maria A., and Charles G. George Hopping was born in Whitewater township in 1826, where he received an ordinary education, and began the business of farming. He is a strong Republican, and always has shown much interest in education. In 1850 he was married to Rebecca Ireland, a citizen of Indiana. He has six children—William, Frank, Charles, Laura, Hattie, and Lillie. Robert Marvin was born September 12, 1770, in Lynne, Connecticut. He was left an orphan when three years old. When a young man he engaged in teaching. About the year 1800 he moved to Morristown, New Jersey, and soon after was married to the widow of Moses Ross. Her maiden name was Phoebe Ford. About the year 1805 he emigrated to Harrison, Hamilton county, Ohio. The journey westward as far as Wheeling was made in a covered wagon, drawn by horses and oxen. The rest of the trip was effected in a flatboat down the Ohio river to Cincinnati. He settled on land obtained by his predecessor from the Government at four dollars per acre, and entered the adjoining quarter section from the Government. He and his wife were members of the Presbyterian church. He was an Abolitionist of the old style, and so noted for his zeal that he was threatened with expulsion from the church! He died in January, 1842, in his seventy-second year. His wife survived him about ten years, expiring in the eighty-third year of her age. Samuel R. Marvin was born in Dover, Morris county, New Jersey, June 5, 1804. He came to this State with his parents, and first settled on the farm now owned by Mrs. Narcissa Snow, in Harrison township. At one time he attended the Miami university at Oxford. He devoted twenty years to teaching school. He received the rudiments of a good English education from his scholarly father, but by reason of weak eyes was never able to pursue a regular course of study. He was a great reader, a close observer of human nature, and, in his day, succeeded well as a teacher, in which profession he spent the best part of his life. In 1842 he married Julia A. Place, who was born in New York in 1808. After his marriage he became a farmer, which business he followed the remainder of his life. He filled the office of township clerk for Harrison township, and was also a member of the school board, in the same township, for several years. Early in his life he was a believer in Universalism, but he afterward adopted the Swedenborgian faith. In politics he was an Old Line Whig, a strong Abolitionist, and, after the forming of the Republican party he became a Republican. A highly educated and truly good man, he was highly respected by the many with whom he was acquainted. He died at his home near Harrison, June 29, 1863. His wife survives him. He was the HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 317 father of three children, Gustavus L., who died in infancy; Jerome P., now married to Martha A. Stokes, and Melissa A., now the wife of Henry N. Congden. Jerome P. Marvin was born in this county in 1846. He taught school after having obtained an ordinary education, after which time he spent a year at Wabash college, Indiana, and studied medicine at the Eclectic Medical institute, of Cincinnati, five years, where he graduated in June, 1866. In 1864 he enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Ohio regiment of infantry, where he served three months. The practice of medicine was begun in Cincinnati in the fall of 1866, in partnership with Dr. Scudder, which partnership continued six years. During that time he was demonstrator of anatomy in the Eclectic institute of Cincinnati for three years. In 1872 he began medical practice in Sidney, Ohio. After a year he gave up the place and came to Harrison, buying the interest of C. G. Thomas in the drug business, in which he is at present engaged. He held the office of township treasurer of Harrison township one year, was a member of the school board three years, and gave material aid in establishing the present graded system in the schools. In politics he is a Republican, and as a member of Snow Lodge No. 193 has had the place of master during three years. He was married to Martha Stokes, a native of Ohio, April 16, 1868, and is the father of two children, Mabel and Maude. William Dair, born in Harrison, Ohio, August 20, 1848, married Jeannette Bonham September 21, 1870. Mr. and Mrs. Dair have three children, two daughters and one son. In the way of descent he is the son of James Dair, who was one of the successful men of the county, and to whom excellent business tact and foresight have been transmitted. He is a graduate of Bartlett's Commercial college, of Cincinnati. In the matter of positions he has filled—and filled successfully, too—the township treasurer's and councilman's office, has been engaged in causes, which advance the practical interests of a community, and deals in facts and results. He, with his brother Charles, is among the wealthy men of Harrison township, and year by year add by honorable means to their gains. They are distillers. Lewis M. Dair was born in New Jersey, Greenwich county, in 1798. He was a ship carpenter by trade, and came to Ohio in 1844 and settled in Harrison. While there he worked at the carpenter's trade. In politics he was a Democrat. His wife, Hannah Mulford, was a native of New Jersey. She died in Harrison in 1854. Her husband survived her fourteen years. They had eleven children—Benjamin, married to Julia A. Beard, and now living in Indiana; James, whose first wife was Charlotte Briggs, and whose present wife is Louisa Brakenridge; Mary J.; Elizabeth, the wife of Owen Williams; Amanda, the wife of Asa Curry, now of Indiana; Hannah, at present Mrs. Richard Bowles; Lewis, married to Elizabeth Perrine; Jonathan M., married to Mary J. Campbell, now living in Kentucky; Lucy A., Mrs. George Legget, at present a resident of Indiana; Edward, now married to Angeline Phillips and also in Indiana; and Emily, the wife of Theodore B. McCafferty. James Dair, the second son, was born in 1822, in the State of New Jersey, where he learned the miller's trade, in which business he continued until he came to Ohio, in 1842. He settled in Harrison township, and in company with Joseph T. Cloud built the distillery now owned by the Dair Brothers. In politics he was a Republican. He married Charlotte Briggs, a native of Indiana, who died in 1864. Their children were—Charles, now married to Addie Rittenhouse; two daughters named Sallie; Katie, the wife of Theodore Rockafeller, and now a resident of Indiana; Charlotte, married to Purlu Scott; Ida, now Mrs. Charles Wren, of Butler county, Ohio; Anna, and one that died in infancy. Isaac L. Frost was born in Harrison township, at Lee's creek, and worked on his father's farm till he was of age, when he began mercantile business in Venice, Butler county. In 1854 he bought Mr. A. M. Wakefield's stock of goods in New Haven, and continued business there until 1863, when he died. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was a Democrat in politics. He was married to Miss Nancy Huchinson, who still survives him. They had nine children—Elsie A., now married to Aaron Shaw; Amos H., whose wife is Sarah J. Hank; Sarepta, the wife of William Pharas; Harriet E.; John S.; Elizabeth, now Mrs. Jasper N. Shaw; Nancy J.; Isaac S.; and Theodocia. Amos Hutchinson Frost was born December 18, 1840, three miles northeast of Harrison, on Lee's creek, in Harrison township. November 12, 1867, he married Sarah Jane Hawk, daughter of William Hawk, of Crosby, who bore him three children, one son living. Early in life the family moved to Venice, in Butler county, and resided for twelve years; from there they came to New Haven in the year 1854, and finally Amos left in 1871 and settled in Harrison village, since which time he has been engaged in the drug business. In all matters of public concern he has been favorably known. He is secretary of Harrison Loan and Business association, is a member of the school board, and treasurer and trustee of the First Presbyterian church, of which he is a member. Dr. Milton L. Thomas was born in Warren county, Ohio, in 1821. When eleven years old he went with his parents to Jefferson county, Indiana. At the age of twenty-one he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. J. H. D. Rogers, at Madison,. Indiana, and continued the same during three years. After attending the Medical institute 0f Louisville, Kentucky, he began the practice of medicine in Morgan county, Indiana. In 1849 he moved to New Haven, this county, where he was in practice five years, during which time he attended a course of lectures at the Eclectic Medical institute in Cincinnati, from which institution he graduated in 1850. Four years later he opened an office in Harrison, where he is at the present time. He is an earnest member of the Methodist church, of which he is a trustee. He is also superintendent of the Sabbath-school. In politics he walks with the Republican party. In 1844 he was married to Harriet W. Chase, who was born in Ohio. She became the mother of two children, and died July 17,-1852. He then married Susan J. Rybolt, of Indiana. 510 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. They now have a family of four children: Charles S., now married to Margaret Little; Eda A.; Elminea, now Mrs. James S. Bittler; and Rolla, married to Sallie B. Cook, of Indiana. Rolla was born in Harrison in 1857. In 1877 he graduated at Ashbury university, at Greencastle, Indiana, where he studied medicine. Charles G. Thomas was born in the year 1845, in Jefferson county, Indiana, whence he came to Harrison with his parents. In addition to a common school education he attended the Miami university at Oxford. For the last eighteen years he has been in the drug business. In politics he is a Republican. In 1869 he was married to Maggie A. Little, of Ohio. They have two children, Harrietta and Eda L. Joseph C. Meyer was born 1824 in Hanover, Germany, where he learned the jeweler's trade. He came to America in 1849, and first settled in Cincinnati, where he remained about four years. While there he worked as a journeyman in the jewelry business. In 1854 he came to Harrison, and entered the employ of Thomas Dorr, where he remained three years, when he began business on his own account, which he still continues. During two terms he filled the position of councilman for Harrison, is a member of the Catholic church, and in politics is a Democrat. In 1860 he married Anna M. Gardiner, a native of Pennsylvania. They have two children, Lizzie and Joseph. Rev. Charles West was born in 1792, in Hunterdon county, New Jersey, from which State he moved to Ohio, and settled in Colerain township in 1819. His death occurred in August, 1878, in Butler county, Ohio. By trade he was a tanner and curries, but after coming to Ohio was engaged in farming. In 1817 he united with the Methodist Episcopal church, and took an active part in its work. In 1850 he built a church with his own funds—the West Union church, at Greusbeck, in Colerain township—and was pastor of the church until his death, He was an active, earnest Christian, respected by all. In 1817 he married Rebecca Sparks, of Baltimore, Maryland. She died at the age of sixty-eight years, in Butler county. The had nine children : Manning, now married to Amanda Stout, and residing in Iowa; Stockston, now of Illinois, whose wives were Catharine Bevis and Mary Applegate; Pieson, whose wife is Mary Gosling; Allison Sylvester, Pitman ; Augustus E., married to Annie H. Johnson; Miranda, now Mrs. Samuel Wilson of Indiana; and Charles, married to Harriet Ponder. Dr. Augustus E. West was born in 1824, in this county. After obtaining a common school education he attended school at College Hill, and at twenty-one years of -age began the study of medicine with Dr. Bartlett at Cheviot. After four years he graduated at Starling Medical college in Columbus, Ohio, and the next year began the practice of medicine at Farmersville, Montgomery county, Ohio, but soon after moved to Miamitown, where he practiced fourteen years. He then went to Illinois, purchased a farm and followed farming about a year, when he returned to Ohio and settled in Harrison. In 1865 he opened an office and began prabtice there and is still engaged in the same employment. He is a most successsful physician of the regular school. At various times he has held various public offices of trust and responsibility. He is a member of Snow lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, also of Harrison lodge, Knights of Honor, and is a Democrat in politics. In 1849 he was married to Miss Annie Tomlinson, of New Jersey. His eight children are: John A., now of Montgomery county, this State; Helen M., Mrs. Charles Ferris ; Rebecca, wife of William Converse, and Frank, Francis, Annie C., Manning, and Eddie. Rev. Gerberd Egger, the Catholic priest of Harrison, Ohio, was born in Switzerland, educated at Thubingen university, Wurtemberg, and came to the United States November, 1866. He began his ministry at Dry Ridge, this county, where he preached for six years and four months, coming to Harrison in February, 1873. His first station was without the ordinary improvements which belong to places of this kind—no parsonage, no schoolhouse, in debt for the church proper, and, in fact, even the commonest grades of enterprise. He lifted a heavy church debt to a very great extent, increasing the value of church property from three thousand dollars to seven thousand dollars. Since being at his present location he has won the admiration of those even outside of his congregation by his business tact and discipline. The old school-house and church at Harrison, which stood in a dilapidated state in 1873, now are handsome structures of brick. The church proper, with a congregation of four hundred or five hundred souls, was built in 1876; the priest's house, in 1873; and the school-house in 1877. Church property has advanced from one thousand eight hundred dollars to ten thousand dollars, and healthiness in all departments pervades. No surer sign of advancement in religious matters can be seen than that the minister is liked, the debt being liquidated, and everybody satisfied. HARRISON VILLAGE. This was the first town to be laid out in Hamilton county west of the Great Miami, except the early extinct Crosby, on the banks of that stream. Its recorded plat is dated December 8, 1813, and it was laid out that year by Jonas Crane, at the southwest corner of section eighteen and the northwest of section nineteen, just half way across the present township of Harrison, on its extreme west line. A small part of it extends into Indiana. The village is described in the State Gazetteer of Ohio, in 1821, as on the Whitewater river, twenty-four miles northwest of Cincinnati, laid off on the State line, with the main north and south street on that line, and half the village on each side. The post office, we believe, has always been kept on the Ohio side, but the railway station is a little way beyond the line, in Hoosierdom. Twenty years later, in the State Gazetteer of 1841, Harrison is noted as containing about three hundred inhabitants, with three churches, four stores, two taverns, two groceries, two physicians, three clergymen, one apothecary's shop, sixteen mechanics' shops, one flouring mill, one carding machine, and one hundred dwellings. One-third of the inhabitants then resided on the Indiana JOSEPH H. HAYES. Joseph H. Hayes was born April 8, 1824, in Whitewater township, one mile below Elizabethtown, on the Great Miami. His grandfather, Job, was probably of German descent, and died three months before his son Job, the father of Joseph H., was born. His death was caused by sickness contracted while coming down the Ohio from Pittsburgh. His grandmother, Bulah Tussey, was born in Philadelphia, and came to South Bend in 1791. She was of Yankee origin. Joseph Hayes, his mother's father, came from Chester county, Pennsylvania, to Switzerland county, Indiana, and remained as a farmer and machinist until 1836 or 1837, and then moved to Bartholomew county, same State, and died near 1840. His grandmother Hayes was of Swiss descent. On his father's side his ancestors were large, strong, active men. With his mother's people quite the same was common. His father, Job, settled below Elizabethtown for a few }ears; took a lease on real estate, made money, and soon moved across the Big Miami to a more favorable site. Here he bought one hundred and ninety acres of land, mostly on the hill, but made in several purchases. In Miami township he remained seven years. In 1846 he moved to Iowa, and died at seventy-eight years of age. Job Hayes, jr., married his cousin June 28, 1816, at Middletown, Ohio. His wife died in 1873, being seventy-eight years of age. Joseph H. remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age, all the while accumulating money outside of the parental roof, his parents providing him with common necessities—clothes, boots and food. By his active work, at the age of twenty-one, he had accumulated three hundred dollars, his mother acting as banker. The first year after becoming of age he worked for his father during the summer season, earning in all sixty-five dollars. In the summer of 1846 he engaged with his cousin, Stephen B. Hayes, to work for ten dollars and fifty cents per month, five months. In 1847 he visited Iowa, prospected a good deal, and returned in the fall to collect the three hundred dollars, which had been loaned, and returned to the State of his father. But the money was hard to collect. His notes he did not care to discount, and, by persuasion of his cousin Stephen, leased land for three years, and carried on a sort of co-partnership. At the expiration of this time he rented land of his cousin, Charles G. Guard, and worked four years. September 23, 1852, he married Sarah J. Myer, Colonel William H. H. Taylor, son-in-law of General Harrison, performing the ceremony. Mrs. Hayes was of Kentucky extraction; born in Indiana April 5, 1834. By this marriage seven children were born—six sons and one daughter, Alice, Wilson and Charles being dead; Job W., Enos, Isaac D. , and Joseph G. are living, none of whom are married. Mr. Hayes is one out of eleven children—six sons and five daughters, five of the family being dead. Mrs. Hayes is one out of a family of five, three brothers and two sisters. Since marrying, agriculture has rewarded him with handsome gains. At twenty-eight fifteen hundred dollars had been accumulated, and the first year after he cleared seven hundred dollars. In the spring of 1855, the second month, he purchased fifty acres for three thousand dollars, paying two thousand cash and discounting the remaining debt before it became due. When thirty he owned a farm of fifty acres, had moved on it, and was busily engaged in the choice of his life. In 1869 he bought seventy-eight acres of Stephen W. Garrison, paying seven thousand two hundred dollars. February, 1880, he added again, and now owns two hundred and seventy acres of good tillable land. Mr. Hayes is remarkable as a fiat-boat man, making five round trips from Lawrenceburgh to New Orleans. Religiously, Mr. and Mrs. Hayes are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, the former for twenty-three years, the latter for the same length of time. Educationally, both belong to that class of people who develop by contact with the world, by labor and industry. Great and generous deeds hang in clusters about them, friends respect and admire their many virtues, and many aspire to reach so envied a character. MR. AND MRS. M. S. BONNELL Marcus Seneca Bonnell, a prosperous farmer, occupying a beautiful residence on the dividing line between Harrison and Crosby townships, five miles northeast from Harrison and two miles northwest from New Haven, is a grandson of Aaron Bonnell, who came to the Miami country in 1805, with his brothers Benjamin and Paul, and his married sisters, Rhoda and Abigail, a strong delegation for one family at one time. They were all children of Benjamin and Rachel Bonnell, who came from England and settled in New Jersey, where their family was reared. The father was drowned in the East river, near New York, with ten others. November 10, 1798, on a boat crossing from the city to Brooklyn, upon which a number of casks of rum rolled to one side and overturned the frail vessel, with the terrible results above noted. He was then seventy-five years old. His wife survived him until 1812, when she departed this life, in the eighty-fifth yea1 of her age. Aaron, the seventh child and filth son, was born March 4, 1759, it is believed in Essex county, New Jersey. He was a brother-in-law to Judge Othniel Looker, the distinguished pionee1 who settled near Harrison in 1801; they having married twin sisters-Judge Looker Pamelia, and Mr. Bonnell Rachel Clark. They had six children-two daughters and four sons, of whom the father of the subject of our sketch was one-Clark Bonnell, born November 18, 179o, in New Jersey. His father, Aaron, was the only one of the Bonnell colony who settled in Harrison (formerly Crosby) township, the others stopping in the neighborhood of Carthage, and taking farms there. Aaron entered the northwest quarter of section eighteen, due north of the subsequent site of Harrison village, in the valley of the Whitewater, improved the place, and 1emained there until his death. During his lifetime he drew a pension as an artificer for the Government during die war of the Revolution. His wife also died upon the old place near Harrison. Some time before the death of his parents, Clark Bonnell, who had learned, in part, the trade of a shoemaker in New York State, before the removal of the family to the west, was married to Miss Elsey Wykoff, of a family residing near Harrison, on the Indiana side, and 1emoved to the village, where he pursued his trade for many years, and then removed to a country neighborhood in Ross township, Butler county, five miles from Hamilton, where he continued to follow his business. Remaining here about five years, he removed to New London, Butler county, where he lost his wife by death. She was born February 7, 1794, and died in September, 1835. Her husband died in Cincinnati in 1864, in the seventy-fourth year of his age. Their children numbered nine, of whom Marcus Seneca was the third, and the oldest son. He was born upon the old place near Harrison, in a cabin where his father was then residing, November 8, 186. He had some schooling in the poor "subscription schools" of that day, which he attended fo1 brief periods, as the pressing labors of the farm and workshop would allow, and in due time learned his fatherts trade, beginning to help in a small way when he was but nine years of age. He did not take kindly to the business, as it was too confining, and he was strongly predisposed to farm life; so he did little at shoemaking after he was fifteen years of age. For about eight years he served as a farm hand at various places in Hamilton and Butle1 counties, by the month o1 year, and for the next two years worked Judge Anderson's farm in Butler county, "on shares." Then for two years he similarly farmed the old place near Harrison, which had become the possession of his grandmother. He also managed it a similar term for the purchasers of the farm after her death - Messrs. George Arnold and Peter Riffner. The latter was father of Martha R., who became the wife of Mr. Bonnell December 8, 1842. He was now residing on a rented farm on the other side of the Whitewater, in the edge of Indiana, where he remained a year and removed to the Frost farm, on Lee's creek, in the north part of the township. This he occupied, on five-year leases, for the period of fifteen years, and so successfully that he was enabled to purchase the one-hundred-and-forty-acre tract upon which he now lives, .in 1856, two years before his last lease expired. To this he removed at the expiration of his lease, and here he has since resided, adding one hundred and fourteen acres to his original purchase, and making a farm of such high excellence and reputation that the award of the premium offered in 1880, by the Hamilton County Agricultural society., for " the best farm of forty or more acres. . . . in the general plan of buildings, fields, fences, and the skill shown in drainage and general cultivation of the several kinds of crops, in care of stock, implements, and tools, etc. ," was made to Mr. Bonnell, after careful inspection of his place by a committee of the society. He has, among other improvements, as many as twenty-two and one-fourth miles of under-draining. In 1860 he built the fine residence in which he now lives, and which appears to advantage in our illustration of his premises. He has devoted himself to his business,. taking little interest in politics and holding no public offices. He has been for many years a member of the lodge of Odd Fellows of Harrison. Mrs. Martha Riley Bonnell was the third daughter of Peter and Elizabeth Riffner, and was born February 11, 185, at the old home near Harrison village. She is still surviving, in a hale and happy age. Their children have been: Elizabeth Isabel, born September 23, 1843; married John S. Bowles, of Harrison township, December 22, 1866, a farmer, who went to South America in 1874 and is believed to be dead. She now resides with her parents. Clark Marion, born March 18, 1845; married Sarah Butts September 11, 1372; died January 21, ,880. Peter Riffner, born April 20, 1847, died May 22, 1874. William Riffner, born March 3o, 1849; married Miss Jennie Cook Decembe1 5, 1870; lives in Henry county, Indiana, a carpenter. Stephen Easton, born June 21, 1851; died May 6, 1875. Elsey Alice, born May 5, 1853; married William Butts, a farmer of Crosby township, February 29, 1872; died March 26, 1873. Emma Angeline, born March 21, 1855; died September 10, 1855. MR. AND MRS. JAMES CAMPBELL. James Campbell, inventor of the Campbell Improved corn and seed drill, and sole manufacturer of the same at his Pioneer Drill works in Harrison village, was born in Chester county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1817. He is of Scotch-Irish descent, on his father's side descended from the famous Clan Campbell, and on his mother's side a Harper. His maternal grand-parents were Alexander and Nancy (Adams) Harper. The Harpers came from Ireland to America in 1794, bringing six children— William, Alexander, James, Mary, Margaret, and Sidney. Margaret was born in Donegal, Ireland, October 31, 1787, and was married in 1806 to Andrew Campbell, of Scotch blood, but a native of Londonderry, born July 18, 1774, who had come to this country in 1801. His mother was a Stewart, and he had three sisters, also a brother, John, who was a soldier in the Scotch Greys in the battle of Waterloo, and was killed there. The children of Margaret and Andrew Campbell were John, Mary, William, Alexandria, James, Martha, George, Charles, Andrew Jackson, and one who died in infancy — all born in Chester county, Pennsylvania. Alexander came to the west in 1836, and settled in Harrison as a wagon-maker. His brothers William and James followed him thither two years later. They were both blacksmiths, and opened a shop for the prosecution of their business. They were inventive and enterprising, and manufactured a number of implements then new in the country, as cultivators and double-shovel plows. Before that corn had been cultivated in that region simply with harrows, single-shovel plows, and three-hoe flukes. They also introduced a patent spring for wagons, which took the place of the wooden affairs used on the "Dearborn wagons." In 1841 or 1842 Alexander made two corn drills, which failed to do the work, and in 1849 the brothers bought the right of the " Dickey drill " and began manufacturing them. It had a roller which ran over the corn after it was dropped, and if the ground was wet it packed the earth on the corn, making a crust and preventing the corn from growing. In 1859 they invented a corn drill, placing the drive-wheel in front and covering the corn with shears. It failed, however, in the dropping and driving arrangements. Up to this time James assisted his brother, but the latter becoming discouraged, James then took it into his own hands, and invented two other drills, which also failed. In 1863 he invented one on the principle according to which he is now manufacturing, which is in general use throughout the south and west. In 1877 he added some improvements for dropping cotton as well as corn and other small seeds, and also made it a fertilizing drill. He adopts for his implement the name "Pioneer drill," because it was the first successful one of the kind, and is still in advance of all others. Over seventy-five thousand are now in use in different parts of America and Europe. One of his nephews, James A. Campbell, was formerly associated with him in business, but recently retired, and Mr. Campbell conducts it alone. He has been successful from the time of his humble beginnings in Harrison, reaping the rewards of industry, intelligence, and enterprise, and has added largely to his facilities for manufacturing. His blacksmith-shop occupies one building, the machine-shop another, and still another is used for the putting together and shipping of the drills. His manufactory, at the corner of Sycamore and Walnut streets, is just opposite the spot where he began business in the village in 1839. Several times, however, he has suffered reverses, being once entirely burnt out, the last day of August, 1867. Since then his business has steadily increased, and he has now the largest manufactory of any kind in Harrison, on the Ohio side. For some years he was a Free and Accepted Mason, but has not for some time given much attention to the order. With nearly all his family, he is a member of the Christian or Disciple church. He is a Republican in political faith, having been opposed to slavery extension ever since the Cass, Van Buren, and Taylor campaign, when he voted for the Kinderhook statesman on the Free Soil ticket, and voted steadily with that party until Republicanism was organized. Mrs. Maria (Matsenbaugh) Campbell is of Pennsylvania German stock, daughter of Samuel and Rachel Matsenbaugh. Her father, as well as Andrew Campbell, of her husband's family, was a volunteer of the War of 1812. Her parents moved from Pennsylvania to New Lisbon, Columbiana county, at an early day, and thence to Harrison shortly before her marriage. Her father, born August 9, 1794, in Virginia, died here December24, 1850 ; her mother, born in Maryland March 2, 1799, also died here July 14, 1868. Maria remained at home with her parents until her marriage with Mr. Campbell, June 17, 1849, since which time her history has been identified with that of her husband. She is likewise a member of the Christian church in Harrison, and faithfully discharges her various duties as wife and mother, and in all other relations of life. Their children have been : Sarah Louisa, born May 1, 1850 ; died twenty-two days thereafter. Angie, born October 29, 1851 ; residing with her parents. Hattie Belle, born March 7, 1853 ; married July 26, 1874, to George F. Orr; residing in Harrison, Mr. Orr being an assistant of his father-in-law. Benjamin Franklin, born October 21, 1855; died December 5, 1859, of membranous croup. Ella Dora, born February 24, 1859; book-keeper in her father's office. Albert Martin, born August 3o, 1860; at home, head machinist in his 'father's establishment. Harry Ogden, born November 4, 1864; also an assistant in his father's manufactory. Elmore Edward, born September 29, 1867; at home, a lad in the schools. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 319 side. "The line of the Whitewater canal passes through the town, and is now in progress." The village has had a quite satisfactory growth, considering that it has no special advantages of position. In 1830 it had but one hundred and seventy-three inhabitants. In 1850, under the stimulus of the Whitewater canal and the general growth of the country, its population had advanced to nine hundred and forty; in 1860, to one thousand three hundred and forty-three; and in' 1870, to one thousand four hundred and seventeen, of course all in Hamilton county. Last year (1880) the census found one thousand five hundred and fifty inhabitants within its limits, on the Ohio side. Mr. William F. Converse was the first mayor of the village. Among other mayors have been Benjamin Bookwalter, 1866-8; and A. E. West, 1873-4. In the years 1856-7 a large brick edifice was put up near Harrison for the purposes of a private academy, called the institute. The expense of its erection and equipment was borne mainly by Mr. George Oyler, whose son, G. W. Oyler, then a recent graduate of the Farmers' college, at College Hill, was its first principal, and has since become a well-known teacher in the county. The St. John's Catholic church, ministered to by the Rev. Father C. Eggers, is located here. In 1872 the Jackson Building and Loan association, for operations at Harrison, was organized, its certificate of incorporation being filed with the secretary of State, June 4th of that year. The pottery operated here was started so long ago as 1829. THE CENSUS. The census in 1870 gave Harrison township two thousand one hundred and seventy-five people; in 1880, two thousand two hundred and seventy-seven. MIAMI. ORGANIZATION. The original Miami township was one of the creations of the court of general quarter sessions of the peace in 1791, at the same time as Cincinnati and Columbia townships were erected. Its boundaries were then defined as beginning at a point on the Ohio, at the first meridian east of the mouth of Rapid run, thence due north to the Great Miami, thence down that stream to the Ohio, thence up the Ohio to the place of beginning. These included not only the entire tract now occupied by the township but also the eastern part of Delhi, a strip of Green two sections wide, and about one-third of Colerain township. In some of the old documents the limits 0f Miami are more simply stated as "beginning at the southwest corner of Cincinnati township, thence down the Ohio to the mouth of the Miami, thence up the Miami to the west boundary of Cincinnati township, thence south to the beginning." In the general rearrangement of 1803, compelled or suggested by the creation of several new counties from the still extensive Hamilton, the boundaries of Miami were cut down considerably from the northward, while they were extended one range of sections to the eastward. The were now described as "commencing at the mouth of the Great Miami, thence north on the State line to the Miami, thence up that stream to the north boundary of fractional range two, thence east nearly four miles to the northeast corner of section twenty-four in fractional range two, town two, thence south to the Ohio, thence westward to the place of beginning." These confines gave the township no further reach to the northward than it now has, but extended the present north line three miles to the eastward, and gave Miami a strip of as many sections' breadth from what is now Green township and about half of the present Delhi, the east line of the township intersecting the Ohio about a mile below Anderson's Ferry, or near Gilead Station. By the time the change of 1803 was made it had been discovered, as may be ascertained by a careful reading of the definition of boundaries, that some part of the course of the Great Miami, near its mouth, lay wholly in the State of Indiana; so that a narrow strip of territory lay to the east of it, between its channel and the State line, which did not belong to Miami township or to Hamilton county. This river is famous for its changes of course; and several of its ancient beds maybe plainly traced further up the valley, besides many 1ndications of slighter modifications of channel. It is probable that across the tract lying within a mile of the stream, between Guard's Island and the mouth of the Great Miami, its waters have advanced and receded many times. Quite recent maps of the. State and county exhibit a belt of territory here that still belongs to Indiana; but, since the surveys upon which these are based were made, the river has again so encroached upon its eastern banks that it is believed all its shore in that direction is in Hamilton county and the State of Ohio, except perhaps a small tract near the Ohio & Mississippi railway bridge. GEOGRAPHY. The extreme western boundary of Miami township at present, therefore, may be stated with almost literal exactness as the Great Miami river, separating the township 320 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. from Dearborn county, Indiana. The . remaining entire b0undary on the west—and on the north, too, is also the Great Miami river, dividing Miami from Whitewater township. Next east of the township, along its entire border in this direction, is Green township; and on the south are the Ohio river, separating it from Kentucky, and a mile's breadth of the northwest part of Delhi township. The township lies in fractional ranges one and two, town one of each. It has but nine full sections, all of them in range two, and none in the peninsula below North Bend and Cleves; but has twenty-two fractional sections, and thus secures a very respectable amount of territory. Its acres count up fourteen thousand and fifty-seven. Its extreme length is on the eastern border and for about three-fourths of a mile in the interior—just six sections, this strip being included between the same parallels which bound Green township on the north and south. The shortest length is between the point of the elbow of the Great Miami, at the south end of Cleves, and the Ohio river about two-thirds of a mile. The greatest breadth is on a line crossing the township east and west from the northernmost point in the great bend of the Ohio, from which North Bend is named, not quite six miles; the shortest is on the extreme north line, between the Great Miami and the northeast corner of the township—three-quarters of a mile. From the east line of the township to the meridian drawn from the southwest corner that is, the State line, the distance is over seven miles, and from the southwest corner—the extreme end of the peninsula—to the northeast corner is just ten miles. Miami is thus seen to be a very singularly shaped township, deeply indented on the south side by the Ohio river, and on the north and west in several places by the windings of the Great Miami. Within Miami township the Ohio receives from the northward the waters of Muddy creek and the west fork of Muddy, the latter of which lies altogether in the southeastern part of this township; also Indian creek, which enters the river at North Bend station, and several minor streams. Along the northwestern borders of the township flows the South fork of Taylor's creek, leaving the township at the northwest corner, just opposite to which, at the northwest corner, the main stream of Taylor's creek, flowing down from Colerain township, discharges its waters. A mile due north of Cleves Jordan creek debouches also into the Great Miami, after flowing nearly three-fourths of the way across the township. One or two petty and probably unnamed brooks are also affluents of this river on the Miami side. Beside this river, above Cleves, the valley is wide and low, yielding great crops of corn in favorable seasons; below Cleves Ritenhouse Hill, Fort Hill, and the general ridge between the two rivers close down pretty closely upon the banks of the streams, until their junction is neared, when the country again becomes low and flat, and subject, in part to frequent overflow. The highlands continue along the Ohio to the southeast boundaries of the township; but have ample room at the foot for the tracks of the railroads, a fine wagon road, and the sites of several villages and rail way stations. They afford many picturesque views up and down the river, and across to the Kentucky shore; and some of the finest suburban residences in the county, as that of Dr. Warder near North Bend, have consequently been located upon these heights. The general character of the hill country of Hamilton county is maintained to the northward and westward until the valley of the Great Miami is reached—much broken ano diversified, however, by the numerous streams that cut through and down the hills. Across them, from the direction of Cincinnati, comes in the Cleves turnpike, having the village of that name on the west for its terminus. There is a singular scarcity of north and south roads in the township, but a sufficiency of highways, with a general direction of east and west. The Ohio & Mississippi, and the Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis & Chicago railroads run parallel to each other and to the bank of the Ohio in this township until just past North Bend station, where the track of the latter diverges rapidly to the northward, passes under the ridge between North Bend and Cleves by a tunnel, and leaves the township, going westward, by a bridge over the Great Miami, half a mile northwest of Cleves. The Ohio & Mississippi continues its course along the Ohio beyond North Bend about five miles, to a point about half a mile above the mouth of the Great Miami, when it passes into Indiana. TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, ETC. The first officers of the Miami township, named by appointment of the court at the time of its erection, were in part as follows: Lynde Elliott, clerk; Darius C. Orcutt, overseer of roads; Henry Brazier, overseer of the poor. The cattle brand for the township was fixed by the court as the letter I). By the order of 1803 the voters of Miami were to meet at the house of Joseph Coleby, and there vote for two justices of the peace. On the twenty-fourth of April, 1809, the governor of the State commissioned Garah Markland and Stephen Wood as justices of the peace for the township of Miami, each to serve during a term of three years. We have also the following memoranda of justices elected by the people in later years: r819, John Palmer, Daniel Bailey; 1825, William Harrell, James Martin; 1829, John Scott Harrison, J. L. Watson, Isaac Morgan; 1865, John D. Matson, A. R. Lind; 1866, A. R. Lind, James Carlin; 1867-9, James Carlin, James Herron; r870-2, James Carlin, William B. Welsh, 1873-4, James Carlin, James Herron, William Ayr; 1875, Carlin and Ayr ; 1876-8, William Jessup, A. R. Lind; 1879-80, Carlin and Lind. ANTIQUITIES. The famous ancient work which gives the name to Fort Hill, near the Great Miami river, is an irregular enclosure surrounding about fifteen acres. It is between the brows of precipitous ascents two hundred and sixty feet high on the Miami side and two hundred feet high towards the Ohio, which is about a mile distant; and is in a position well calculated for outl0ok and defence. The wall is now about three feet high, is composed of CHRISTOPHER FLINCHPAUGH. Christopher Flinchpaugh, born April 26, 1799 in Wurtemburg, Europe. Jacob, his father, was a common farmer ; Agnes Phyle, his mother was of common stock. Both his parents died when Christopher was a young man of fifteen summers, he coming to America in 1817, landing in Philadelphia. Out of a family of three brothers and two sisters, all of whom are dead, he was the youngest. One of the great associations and memorable events of his life, is the vivid recollection of Napoleon's campaign in 1816. The great disaster which followed his retreat, the Cossacks, the Russians, the Prussians, the French—left food scarce, and distress followed which beggars description. Christopher, who was a passenger, worked his way in a sail vessel which was three months and two weeks in crossing. At the end of the journey, he worked one year and six months to repay the expense. However, the agreement to school Christopher nine months, furnish him with two suits of clothes from head to foot, and forty dollars in money, was not kept and our young German failed to receive his reward. From near Harrisburgh he came to Miami township in the fall of 1819, and remained ever since. Previous to his marriage in the spring of 1821 to Elizabeth Columbia, he worked at stilling in Miamitown for one year and six months for Major Henrie. His wife was born December 20, 1801, was of Welsh extraction, and whose father was a Revolutionary soldier. By this marriage five sons and seven daughters were born : Jacob, Henrietta, Susanna, William, Mary, Caleb, Chris, Simon,Charlotte, Christina, Hannah, Elizabeth. Out of this family only six live. From this family thirty-nine grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren have been born. Young Christopher was brought up in the Lutheran faith ; was baptized in infancy, and confirmed when fourteen years of age, but of practical religion he knew nothing. Educationally, he had eight years of schooling, but being of a careless disposition, failed to receive any benefit. Marvelous as it may seem the first year or two he preached he was unable to read English. During his employment in the distillery at Miami, he received the first impressions of sin, while working a copper still. But the first convictions of sin hung overhead, and in one year and six months after he was converted. But previous to this time a few months, he joined the United Brethren church, under the influence of Rosalia Fageley, a pious woman in whose house the meeting was held. He passed from a rough, blasphemous character to a minister of the gospel. Being of a determined nature, full of good impulses, he grasped the hand of all alike—the • wicked and good—and implored them to turn to Christ. His conversion was in a cornfield while plowing corn, and from thence, the Sunday following, by agreement with the still-house hands, he preached his first sermon in Chamberstown, in Miami. Great results followed, and from thence he preached to many distinguished men. Among his audience at different times were General Harrison, Governor Bebb, Daniel Howell, the first male child in Miami township, and many others who long since have passed to their reward. Soon after beginning to preach in 1824, he was licensed by the United Brethren church, and traveled throughout the country, preaching in barns and log dwelling houses. Soon after, when poverty and hardship were gathering in great clouds over head, and when the devil tempted him to cease preaching, he came from Venice, where he preached in a cooper-shop in the morning, and in the evening at a school-house, to his home a distance of twelve miles. He had had his breakfast and went without dinner and supper. Coming home about 9 or to o'clock, and reflecting on his hard trials, and tempted to retire from the ministry, their came a voice—a song of angels from Heaven singing, "How happy are they," exhorting him to continue. In all his he memorable life, neither has seen or heard so much Melody, so great a choir, and so much of God's power to save. The matter of recompense was very small and distance in circuit very great. One circuit was four hundred miles in length, and consisted of thirty-two appointments. Sometime in 1841 or 1842, a call was made to go to Germany. For six months he debated and prayed over the question, and at one time was tempted to drive God's spirit away by drink, but finally, on account of lack, of funds, did not leave America. He regrets now his failure to accept the call, but God forgives him. Once while visiting a layman—which is a dream —he was invited by the member to go out and see his sheep. After going out, the sheep proved to be long wooly dogs which were sheared for sheep, illustrating a paradox in religion. At different periods he traveled from Pittsburgh to the north of Portsmouth Evansville. The presiding elder's office was held and common preaching done everywhere. Both German and English pulpits were filled, and both English and German converts baptized and taken into the church. One unacquainted with pioneer life ; the traveling through swamp and bog ; through forest and stream, and all their different parts, knows nothing of early ministerial preaching. The following are persons and where they were baptized : one hundred children, twenty persons in Ohio river, twenty persons in Mill creek, sixty persons in Taylor's creek, ten persons in Muddy creek ,fifty persons in Big Miami, river, ten persons in Logan creek, seventy persons in Johnson's in Dry fork, five persons in Indian creek, forty persons in Elk creek, fifty persons in Little and Big Twin, fifty persons in Brown's run, twenty persons in Beaver creek, and ten persons in East Little Miami. In the matter of deaths it is believed that over three thousand funeral sermons have been preached and marriage ceremonies performed. Now, in old age, after a life full of great trial, and one ladened with the choicest fruits, he, though not wealthy, but left in good circumstances, is left without a helpmeet. About him, all up and down the country, are hosts of friends. Many are in Heaven and many more are homeward hound. To him God has been gracious ; life with him has been a success. God, he fully believes, called him to preach. Every one to his notion is selected by his Master to go forth and meet sin. The forest has faded before his ax as well as immorality. May God continue to bless him in the future as in the past. The present is short, but the future will find him in the best calling in our land. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY; OHIO - 321 stone and earth, and has a narrow gateway at the northeast corner, near a rocky tract on the hillside. There are prominent salients or bastions at both the northeast and southeast corners. A ditch upon the inside follows the wall throughout. A spring within would keep a besieged force well supplied with water, and a channel of another stream also intersects the wall, which might be damned in case of rainfall. The tableland within the fort is ten to twenty feet above the wall, the earth in which was scooped from the brow of the hill, while the stone was also collected from the locality. The former farm of General Harrison approached near the fort by its west line; and the residence of his son, the Hon. J. Scott Harrison, was directly south of the work. The former in his discourse on the Aborigines of the Valley of the Ohio, delivered before the Historical Society of Ohio in 1838, printed in its transactions and also separately, thus uses this ancient work by way of illustration in an argument for the high antiquity of the Mound Builders' remains: The sites of the ancient works on the Ohio present precisely the same appearance as the circumjacent forest. You find on them all the beautiful variety of trees which gives such universal richness to our forests. This is particularly the case on the fifteen acres included within the walls of the work at the mouth of the Great Miami, and the relative proportions of different kinds of timber are about the same. The first growth, on the same kind of land, once cleared and then abandoned to nature, on the contrary is more homogeneous after stinted to one or two, or at most three kinds of timber. Other remarks of the general concerning this work in the same address are as follows: The engineers who directed the executing of the Miami work, appear to have known the importance of flank defences. And if their bastions are not as perfect as to form, as those which are in use in modern engineering, their position, as well as that of the long lines of curtains, are precisely as they should he. I have another conjecture as to this Miami fortress. If the people of whom we have been speaking were really the Aztecs, the direct course of their journey to Mexico, and the facilities which that mode of 1etreat would afford, seem to point out a descent of the Ohio as the line of that retreat. This position (the lowest which they appear to have fortified on the Ohio), strong by nature and improved by the expenditures of great labor, directed by no inconsiderable degree of skill, would be the last hold they would occupy and the scene of their last efforts to retain possession of the country they had so long inhabited. The interest which every one feels who visits this beautiful and interesting spot, would be greatly heightened if he could persuade himself of the reasonableness of my deductions, from the facts I have stated. That this elevated ridge, from which are now to be seen flourishing little villages and plains of unrivalled fertility, possessed by a people in the full enjoyment of peace and liberty, and all that peace and liberty can give—whose nations, like those of Spata, have never seen the smoke of an enemy's fire—once presented a scene of war, and war in its most horrid form, where blood is the object and the deficiencies of the field are made up by the slaughter of innocence and imbecility. That it was here a feeble band was collected, remnant of mighty battles fought in vain, to make a last effort for the country of their birth, the ashes of their ancestors and the altars of their gods; that the crisis was met with fortitude and sustained with valor, need not to be doubted. The ancestors of Quitlavaca and Gautimozin, and their devoted followers could not be cowards. FORT FINNEY. This work, the first erection for human habitation made by white men upon the territory afterwards covered by the Miami, purchase, except only the transient blockhouses erected by the war parties of Kentuckians upon the site of Cincinnati, stood upon the soil of Miami township, in the point of the peninsula. It was upon the west bank of a small creek, about three-quarters of a mile above the mouth of. the Little Miami, and near the mouth of the creek, not far from what is now the southeast corner of the former farm of the late John Scott Harrison. The site is still pointed out by residents of that neighborhood, and a writer in r866 said that some remais of the fort were then still to be seen, though they have now wholly disappeared. We have elsewhere, in the chapter Before Losantiville, in the second division of this work, told the story of Fort Finney, down to and including the settlement and signature of a treaty with the Indians, February 2, 1786. It remains only to give its subsequent brief history. This we are happily enabled to do by the aid of the journal of Major Denny, which has been published in one of the valuable volumes issued by the Pennsylvania Historical society. It begins October 22, 1785, before the work was built, and a little before the movement of tr0ops to that quarter began. From this clear and intelligent account we learn that General Butler and his fellow commissioners left the fort soon after the treaty was concluded, going away on the eighth of February, 1786, in three large boats, with their messengers and attendants, all apparently well tired of the place, where their life and duties had been by no means pleasant. Their voyage was up the Ohio on their return to civilization. The soldiers remained, however, with Major Finney, Captain Zeigler (afterwards Major Zeigler, commandant at Fort Washington), Lieutenant Denny, and other well known officers in command. St. Patrick's Day was duly celebrated by the bold Irish boys of the garrison, with all hands taking part in such festivities as included the disposal of festive liquids, and also in the observance of the Fourth of July, which followed in due course of time. Lieutenant Denny does not say just when the fort was evacuated, but the treaty of the Indians of the Miami and Maumee valleys was supposed to obviate the necessity for a military post here, and, all remaining quiet in this region, the commanding officer was presently directed to evacuate the place, which he did some time before January, 1789, taking his force to the Indiana side of the Ohio opposite Louisville, where a small work was also erected, and likewise called Fort Finney. We have no record that the work was occupied again by a military force, although General Harmar, in a letter of January 22, 1789, just before Symmes reached North Bend, said it was "not improbable that two companies would be ordered to be stationed at the mouth of the Great Miami, not only as a better cover for Kentucky, but also to afford protection to Judge Symmes in his intended settlement there." But it was doubtless standing when Judge Symmes came upon the premises, since the locality about the mouth of the Great Miami is commonly referred to by him as the Old Fort, and doubtless took its name front Fort Finney, not from the ancient work on the hills overlooking the Great Miami. THE INDIAN PERIOD. The foll0wing narrative was related by the Hon. J. Scott Harrison, s0n of President Harrison, in an address 45 322 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY OHIO. to the Whitewater and Miami Valley Pioneer association, at Cleves, September 8, 1866: A party of men residing at the Point (mouth of Big Miami), were returning from a small mill near North Bend, and with one exception, stopped at the old log house lately occupied by Andrew McDonald, where a tavern was then kept; and as this was before the days of temperance societies, it is a very fair inference that they stopped to take a drink. One man (Demoss), more temperate, perhaps, than his fellows, continued on his way up the hill—the trace to the Point then running over the hill, near the old graveyard, and on the bluff of the ridge. The revelers had hardly time to accomplish the object of their stop before the report of a rifle was heard on the hill. The party at the tavern, supposing it was only an intimation from their more sober companion to cease then revels and continue their way home, rushed out of the house with a wild whoop, mounted their horses, and rode up the hill. But what must have been the horror of the party, on arriving at the crown of the hill, to find their companion dead and weltering in his blood! The undischarged rifle of Demoss, and the missing meal-bag, too plainly explained the manner and cause of his death. Pursuit was immediately given, in a northwesterly direction, and the meal, but not the Indian, found. The Indian, in order .to save his own life, had dropped that which had evidently incited him to commit the murder. This tale of Indian murder has always had a peculiar personal interest to me. My mother, then unmarried and living with her father, Judge Symmes, at North Bend, had been on a riding excursion (horseback, of course), to the Point, the very afternoon of this murder, and has often told me that the horses of their party were still at the door after their return, when the fatal shot that killed Demoss was plainly heard. My mother was always under the impression that the Indian saw her party pass, but that bread, rather than blood, was the object of the murderer. THE PIONEER SETTLEMENT in Miami township, and the ,third in the Miami purchase, was made, as all careful readers 0f this work well know by this time, by Judge John Cleves Symmes—not at the mouth 0f the Great Miami, as he intended, and as General Harmar and others expected, but at North Bend. Who Judge Symmes was, in his family origin and early career, and what were his preliminary movements before reaching the Purchase with his colony, are narrated in Chapter IV of the first part 0f this book. Major Denny who had returned to the garrison at Fort Harmar, thus wrote in his journal August 27, 1788, of the appearance of Judge Symmes and party at the post, during the movement westward. The gallant young officer's attention seems to have been specially and worthily attracted by the principal young lady of the party, the daughter of the proprietor: Judge Symmes, with several boats and families, arrived on their way to his new purchase at the Miami. Has a daughte1 (Polly) along. They lodge with the general and Mrs. Harmar. Stayed three days, and departed. If not greatly mistaken, Miss Symmes will make a fine woman. An amiable disposition and cultured mind, about to be buried in the wilderness. This "Polly" is the daughter wh0 afterwards became the wife of Peyton Short, the millionarie son-in-law of Judge Symmes. General Harrison's wife was Annie Symmes, also daughter of the judge. Arriving at Limestone Point, later Maysville, Symmes found himself detained there during a tedious fall and early winter by the delay of the authorities in concluding with the Indians the treaty of Muskingum, and so providing reasonable security for settlers in the wilderness further down the river. Major Stites, however, got off about the middle of November with his party for the mouth of the Little Miami, and Colonel Patterson, the twenty-fourth of the next month, for the famed and coveted spot "opposite the mouth of the Licking," but the chief proprietor of the Purchase was still detained. December 12th, Captain Kearsey and forty-five troops came down the river from Fort Harmar, and reported to him as an escort. They were for the time being of no service, but rather an annoyance, since they brought but limited supplies, and the judge had to subsist them. In November he had ordered a few surveyors down the Ohio, t0 traverse the two Miami valleys as high LID as they could get. Some of these formed the advance guard of Symmes's immigration to the Great Miami country. The judge intended to remain at Limestone until spring, having taken, as he said, "a total house of my own," but he doubtless became restless at the success of Stites and Patterson in founding their settlements while he delayed, and was also' assured by repeated messages from Stites of the friendly disposition of the Indians and their eager desire to see him. There was some danger that his red brethren would go off in anger and disgust at the refusal or neglect of Symmes to meet them; and so, during the latter part of January, 1789, he collected with difficulty a small commissariat of flour and salt, placed on boats his family and furniture, with other members of the colony and such of Kearsey's soldiers as had not been sent to Stites, and embarked from Limestone January 29th. The season was inclement. A few weeks before this time, about the last of December, a sergeant and twelve men of the command had been dispatched for the Old Fort with a party of settlers. The weather changed soon after they left Limestone, becoming very cold, and filling the river with ice, so that there was danger they would be frozen up in the stream. They reached Columbia, however, and there paused, expecting soon to go on to their destination. But while here, the floating ice forced their boats from the shore, stove in, and carried away the side of one bearing live stock, part of which was drowned, and the rest saved with difficulty. Most of the provisions on hand for the settlers and soldiers was also lost. This broke up the intended emigration to the Old Fort, the party remaining at Columbia, 0r returning to Limestone when the weather and river permitted. When Symmes started, January 29th, it was at a time of the greatest freshet in the Ohio that had been known since Kentucky was settled—the greatest, indeed, between 1773 and the tremendous flood of 1832. When his flotilla reached Columbia he found the little settlement under water except one house, which was on the higher ground. The soldiers had been driven by the water to the garret of the block-house, and thence to the boats. Floating rapidly with the swollen stream to Losantiville, he found it "had suffered nothing from the freshet," as he afterwards wrote. He doubtless stopped and spent some hours, very likely a night, at each of these places; although speeded by the flood and not interrupted by ice, as the Losantiville voyagers were, he occupied about the same time in the journey that they did, namely, four days. Leaving the last outpost of civilization on the Upper Ohi0 in the m0rning, he landed, HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 323 on the second of February, 1789, at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, as he minutely records, on the site of North Bend. It was his intention, as before stated, to take his people and garrison down to the Old Fort; but the high water determined him not to proceed thither until he had more definitely ascertained whether or not that was an eligible site for a town under such circumstances. The flood was an advantage to the North Bend locality, since from his boat, elevated by it, the judge. could see, as he described it, "that the river hills appeared to fall away in such a manner that no considerable rise appeared between the Ohio and the Great Miami," so that his project of a city between the streams had here good hope of realization. The freshet also enabled him to determine the probable exemption of a colony here from injury to their homes by high water. It is said, too, that he decided to stop here, six miles short of his purposed destination, in order to be more conveniently situated with reference to his surveyors in the purchase. The first dwelling occupied by Judge Symmes and family in their new home, is described by Mr. F. W. Miller, author of Cincinnati's Beginnings. It is probably typical of all others that sheltered the party the first few days: As soon as he had debarked he formed there an encampment, erecting a kind of shelter then usually adopted in this region for such purpose, consisting of two forked sapplings set in the ground for uprights, with a crop pole resting in the forks of these as a support for [boat] boards leaning from the ground to form the sides, one end of the structure being closed up, and the other left open for an entance and fireplace. In that he remained for about six weeks before being able to provide himself with anything more like a house. Judge Symmes found his fears of the tract about the mouth of the Great Miami amply justified. On the next day after landing he sent two of the most intelligent members of his party to the junction of the rivers to inspect the grounds, and upon their return they reported that so much of the neck of land there as was above water was considerably broken with hills and by a small stream of water, so as to forbid the laying out of a city between the two large waters. The following day Symmes himself went down with Captain Kearsey, and made a thorough survey of the region about the old fort. By this time the river had fallen about fifteen feet, leaving great cakes of ice six inches in thickness clinging to the trees, making in some cases canopies of eight to ten feet in diameter. The ice also served him a good purpose in his survey, as showing to what points upon the banks and bottom lands the water had reached. He found "the fine large bottom of land down in the point" covered with water to the depth of many feet, and after making full inspection of the premises he wrote to his partner that "I am obliged to own that I was exceedingly disappointed in the plat which we had intended for a city." He prepared and sent them a map of the peninsula during the flood, which demonstrated the proposed site to be "altogether ineligible." He writes further: "This (the founding of a city at the point) I pronounce very impracticable, unless you raise her, like Venice, out of the water, or get on the hills west of the township line." He found, indeed, only room enough for one street between the hill and the overflowed land, and this scarcely half a mile in length. "A small village," he concludes, "is all that I can flatter myself with at the point, if we allow more of a lot than barely enough to set a house on." He thought, however, that they might do well to lay out a plat of fifty or sixty lots there, which was never done, we believe. He was enthusiastic in his description of this part of the peninsula for the excellence of its soil and the imminence of its growth of wild grass. He estimated the tract at about three thousand acres, of which one thousand were first-rate meadow-land; another third was capable of tillage, and level enough for plowing; and the remaining third was heavily timbered with richer growths. He suggested to the company that the whole should be reserved as a common manor for the proprietors, under liberal regulations for others that might settle in the reserved township. "I have not seen," he says, "fifty acres together, of the most broken of this township, on which an industrious man could not get a comfortable living." The result was a determination to lay out a village where the party had first landed. He accordingly platted the village of North Bend, and South Bend some time after. He kept looking about, however, for a suitable site for a city, and seems to have found two, "both eligible," one about two miles east of North Bend, on the Ohio, a little above the mouth of Muddy creek; the other the same distance north of the bend, in that sweeping curve of the Great Miami about ten miles from its mouth, within which are situated the major part of sections twenty-three and twenty-four, in the northwest ern part of this township. At neither of these points, however, could a city be laid off upon the desired plan of a regular square. "On, both," said Symmes, "a town must, if built, be thrown into an oblong of six blocks or squares by four. It is a question of no little moment and difficulty to determine which of these spots is preferable in point of local situation." But in the same letter, of May 18, 1789, to one of the co-proprietors, the judge argues elaborately and stoutly in favor of the latter site, as, being on the Great Miami, it would not be necessary for the inhabitants of that region, going to the proposed city by water, to double around the point at the old fort to teach it, as they would if the city were on the Ohio. He was anxious to have the site of the city determined and get it laid off; as meanwhile he was embarrassed in laying out the lands in that part of the purchase by the uncertainty as to the location of the Miami metropolis. He writes: "As it is uncertain where the city will be built, and whether the point may be reserved for the purpose of a manor or not, I shall be cautious how I set apart particular lots of land until these matters are settled by the proprietors." The end was, as we shall presently see more fully, that the great "city of Miami" to be was laid out where he first landed, from the Ohio river at North Bend nearly to the Great Miami at the present village of Cleves. Captain Kearsey had received orders, probably from General Harmar, simply to accompany the emigrants to their destination, wherever that might prove to be, and 324 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. then occupy Fort Finney. The great flood prevented him from executing the latter part of the order at first, but when the stage of water permitted a landing at that point and occupation there, he was anxious to have Symmes and his people accompany his troops to the old Fort, and was much displeased that the judge did not comply with his desire. He did nothing toward building block-houses for the protection of the settlement; and about five weeks after the landing, or the eighth of March, finding the provisions growing short, he abandoned Symmes with the greater part of the Attachment, leaving him but the ridiculous force of- your men for the nominal defence of the place fie did not stop at Fort Finney either, but continued on to the falls of the Ohio, whence he did not return to North Bend. Major Wyllys was commanding at the falls, and in response to Symmes' repeated and very earnest appeals, he, after some delay, sent Ensign Luce with eighteen men to the new place. These addressed themselves to business at once, and within a week had a tolerable block-house erected at North Bend, and the infant settlement felt more secure. This Ensign Luce is the hero of the romantic, but, alas! unreliable story, concerning the black eyes of a fair dulcina as the cause of the removal of the garrison and fixing of the sight of Fort Washington at Losantiville, and the consequent prosperity of that place and decay of North Bend. The story of North Bend and other Miami settlements will be carried on further in this chapter. Among the early settlers of the township, were the Silvers, Rittenhouse, Woods, Materns, Howells, and Anthony families. SETTLEMENT NOTES. Joseph Dixson Garrison, tavern keeper and groceryman, North Bend, is great-grandson of a Swede or German named Garrison, who was among the first settlers of New Jersey. His grandfather, Abraham Garrison, emigrated from Virginia to Kentucky at a very early day, and settled at or near Scott's station, removing in a few years to the Northwest Territory at Losantiville. Here his wife, Lydia Garrison, did considerable doctoring among the people of the place, and here he and his son Joseph, father of the subject of this notice, were eye witnesses of the murder of Benjamin Van Cleve by the Indians. She, in a small way, introduced the manufacture of soap in Cincinnati, and he built and operated the horse-mill on Third street, where the Presbyterian colonists held some of their earliest services. Joseph Garrison is supposed to have been born at Scott's station, and remained with his father at Cincinnati until he was well grown. His son gives the following amusing account of the manner in which he became acquainted with General Harrison: "He got acquainted with him in rather a comical way. My father had caught a cub bear by killing the old one. He raised it as a pet, and had it under good subjection. After it had grown up to about its full size, he would watch when the army would be on parade or drilling, and would then take his bear and go up on the side-hill above the parade ground, and tie an old camp-kettle to his hind parts and scare him and turn him loose, when the bear would run for home right through the line of soldiers, and break ranks, and make a grand disturbance. So one day the general followed him home and requested his father to stop him of his sport. I have often heard the general and father laugh about their first acquaintance." Joseph Garrison married Merab Conner, near Lawrenceburgh, in 1805, and, after some service in aid of the Government surveyors, settled at the Goose pond, in Miami township, where Joseph D. was born, in 1816. The latter in early life tended Garrison's ferry, over the Great Miami, where the Cleves bridge now is, and made several trading trips with boats to New Orleans. He was married in 1852 to Sarah Ann, only daughter of James Smith Leonard, an early emigrant from Canada to the neighborhood of Rising Sun, Indiana. The same day they started for California with a company he had agreed to take through. He there engaged in gold mining until the middle of February, 1855, when they started on their return to the States. While residing at Diamond Springs, California, their first son, now a physician in southeastern Kansas, was born. Two more sons and two daughters are now residing with their parents. After his return Mr. Garrison pursued farming for a time, and then bought his present hotel property in North Bend. One of the settlers of 1796, at North Bend, was Andrew Scott, a Scotch immigrant from Redstone, Pennsylvania, who was one of the first blacksmiths to erect a shop and open for business here. He remained at the Bend about six years, and then went on a farm, dying in Crosby township in 1831. His son James also worked for ft time at blacksmithing here, and then became a teacher—one of the first in point of both time and reputation, in Hamilton county. He was also a civil engineer. He removed to Crosby township, where he was justice of the peace for several years, and was one of the founders, in 1803, of the Whitewater Congregational church at New London, Butler county. He died of cholera in 1834. His numerous descendants still reside in Crosby township. Christopher Flinchpaugh was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1799, and came to America in 1817, settling in Miami township the same year. He was married to Elizabeth Columbia in 1821. Three years later he embraced religion, and the same year commenced preaching the gospel. He was a member of the United Brethren church. He used to have such men in his congregation as General Harrison, Judge Short, and numerous other distinguished men of our country. When he became a Christian he could neither read nor write. A short time afte1 he began in the ministry he was assigned to a circuit of four hundred miles. The distance had to be travelled on horseback, and he was obliged to preach thirty-two times every four weeks. He filled the pulpit in Cincinnati, in both the English and German churches, and was presiding elder two years. At present he is retired, but preaches occasionally. He is highly respected by all who know him, and has indeed been a public benefactor. His faithful wife died July 30, 1880, at the advanced age of seventy-eight. They have had twelve children: Jacob; William; Caleb; Christopher; Simon,