NAMES	LABOUR DAYS	LABOUR WITH TEAM	CASH £
John Schooley	2		I 10 0
Levi Saye1	2		0 15 0

Endorsed: " Subscription for the Grave yard and Meeting house." This church, after its people had met for worship for some time at Foster's grove, two miles south of Springdale, under the ministrations of Rev. Messrs James Kemper, Peter Wilson, and Archibald Steele, was regularly constituted by the presbytery of Transylvania, probably in 1796. It first appears upon the presbyterian records October 2, 1798, when "a written supplication was presented from Springfield for supplies." Among the early preachers to the society, besides those before named, were John E. Finley, Mr. Dunlavy, John Thomson, who had gone into the "New Light" movement, but returned from it, Matthew G. Wallace, Benjamin Graves, Sayrs Gazlay, and William Graham. The later settled pastors have been Adrian Aten, 1833-41; J. M. Stone, 1841-9; George P. Bergen, 1849-57; T. E. Hughes, 1858-66; William H. James, 1866 to this time. Mr. Thomson, who served the church over twenty years, was the father of four distinguished sons, of whom the Syrian missionary and author of The Land and the Book, Rev. William M. Thomson, D. D., is one. The first meeting-house—"a large frame building, nearly square; with galleries on the three sides, and the pulpit at the north end" was put up in 1801-2; the building now occupied, a spacious brick church, was erected in 1834. A notable revival occurred-in 1802, and the next year the church numbered one hundred and three members, and was one of the strongest societies in Hamilton county, Cincinnati included. Among the early elders were John Watson, William Preston, Moses Miller, Thomas McIntire, Abraham Lindley, James Andrews, Benjamin Perlee, Caleb Crane, and others. In the winter of 1801-2 a remarkable religious movement, which took the name of the New Light, or Kentucky revival, spread into southwestern Ohio. It began in the Presbyterian churches of southern Kentucky, in 1800, and soon spread northward through that State, and finally into this, affecting chiefly the Presbyterians, but to some extent other denominations. In the winter named two clergymen from Kentucky, John Thomson and Richard McNemar, before mentioned, preached often and very effectively at many points in the Miami country. Their work was specially active at Springfield village, where Thomson ultimately settled as pastor, and at the Turtle Creek Presbyterian church, near the present Union village, or Shakertown, in Warren county, where McNemar settled. The history of the Miami Baptist association, by the Hon. A. H. Dunlevy, to which we owe these facts, thus relates, and apparently without prejudice, the singular characteristics of this revival: The effects of this revival can only be glanced at here. Indeed, the reality would hardly be credited now. New as the country was, congregations of one, two, and three thousand often collected at different points, and even evening meetings at private houses not unfrequently had such crowds that they were compelled to remain out of doors during the services. In cold weather it was not uncommon to build large fires around the house of logs, then very easily had, in order to the comfort of those outside of the house. At first the excitement was distinguished by the falling exercise. This was marked by loud breathing at first, growing more and more rapid until the subject of it seemed to swoon, then fall, and be apparently without breathing for some hours. Hundreds would thus be seen prostrated in a few moments, and sometimes nearly every adult in the meeting, preacher and all, would be down at once—some silent, with scarcely the appearance of life, others apparently recovering, and either crying for 'mercy or praising God, with loud voices. Even wicked men who went to scoff, I have known to fall like others, wholly unable to control themselves, for a longer or a shorter time. On the recovery of these they would be unable to account for the effect on them, and in some cases such persons thus fell without producing even seriousness, more than for a few minutes, or hours at the furthest. In most instances, however, this falling was attended with strong convictions of sin, which resulted in permanent conversion. The falling exercise was succeeded by the rolling exercise, which consisted in being cast down in a violent manner, and rolling ove1 and over like a hog. The next in time was the jerks. These were attended by violent twitchings of the muscles of the neck, arms, and sometimes of the whole body. The head would frequently be thrown from one side to another, backwards and forwards, so forcibly as to appear to threaten dislocation of the neck. A fourth exercise was what was called the barks. The individual affected by this would bark like a dog, and often move about on hands REEVES McGILLIARD, ESQ. The parents of the subject of this sketch were John and Elizabeth (Campbell) McGilliard. The father was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and at the age of eight years, in 1796, was brought to Springfield township by his parents, and spent theremainder of his days there, dying in 1878, at the advanced age of ninety years, He was a prominent man in local affairs in his day, filling at different times nearly every township office—as trustee, treasurer, justice of the peace, constable, etc. Elizabeth Campbell, his wife, was born in 1784, and died in 1861, aged seventy-seven years. Among their children was one daughter, Mary, now widow of John Moore, and residing at Mt. Pleasant. There were three sons, Andrew, William, and Reeves, all of whom are still living in Springfield township. William is the subject of a notice in our pre-vious sketches. Reeves McGillard, residing nearly two miles east of Mt. Pleasant, was born in r809. He was married in 1833 to Miss Sarah Gardiner, of this township. Their children were two, Esther and Eliza Ann, both of whom died in 1864—the mother having preceded her children to the grave by four years. About two years thereafter Mr. McGilliard was married to Miss Sarah Brown. He has followed the business of farming during all his active life. For more than twenty consecutive years he was entrusted by his fellow-citizens with the responsible duties of justice of the peace, which he discharged to the general satisfaction. He has also, from time to time, served as township trustee and school director. Himself and wife are both members of the Christian church, and have long been among its staunchest supporters. Mr. McGilliard has passed the Psalm-ist's limit of human life by almost two years, but retains considerable vigor of mind and body, and is regarded by his friends as a remarkably well-preserved old gentleman. MR. AND MRS. JOHN ROSS FIELD. The progenitors of Mr. Field in this country were of Scotch-Irish extraction. John, his great-great-grandfather, was the first of the name and family in America. He came from Bradford, Hertfordshire, England, and was in the fifth generation, in direct line, from John Field, the celebrated astronomer of the sixteenth century, who was born in 525. The later John was born in England, May 5, 1659, and settled in Piscataway township, Middlesex county, New Jersey, in 1685, where his descendants reside so numerously that their residence district (now in Somerset county) along the Raritan river, has received the popular name of Fieldville. A paper read some years ago, before the Historical Society of New Brunswick, concerning this family, says : "The ruling characteristics of this branch of the family, and perhaps their greatest usefulness to the world, has been their example of earnestness in the common pursuits of life." Jeremiah, son of John Field, born May 17, 1689, was father of Benjamin, whose natal day was February 19, 1725. He in turn was father of Jacob, born February 7, 1768, married Hester Ross, also of Middlesex county, December 25, 179o, and died on the farm now occupied by his son, the subject of this notice. One of his brothers, Michael, uncle of John R. Field, was killed in action at the battle of Monmouth, June 27, 1778. The latter was the sixth son of Jacob and Hester (Ross) Field, and was born at New Brunswick, Middlesex county, New Jersey, March 13, 181o. At the age of two years he was brought with his father's family to Ohio, coming in wagons all the way with the Ross, Schooley, and Coddington families, all of whom were related. The Fields tarried for a while where St. Bernard now is, in Mill Creek township, and then, in 1813, came to the vicinity of the present residence of John R. Field, settling upon a farm just beyond the creek, between his home and Glendale. His father taught school for a short time, but devoted his attention mainly to the improvement of his place. About 186 the family removed to the farm now in possession of his son, one mile west of Glendale. Here died Jacob Field, April 1, 1842, aged seventy-four years, and Hester his wife, October 7, 1854, aged eighty-four years. John's advantages of early education were but limited, being confined to the poor and widely scattered schools of that time. He remained with his father, engaged in the pursuits of the farm, until his twenty-fourth year, when he was united in marriage to Miss Harriet P. Perine, also of Springfield township, January 7, 1834, by the Rev. Adrian Aten, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Springdale. After the age of twenty-one, by reason of the increasing age and infirmities of his father, the cams of the farm devolved upon Mr. Field, who at majority came into possession of the place. He took his young wife to the paternal home, where they have since resided. Their children have been: Jacob, born January 27, 1835, died in infancy at the age of but ten days; Martha Anderson, born April 2, 1836, died August 7, 1858 ; Jane, born January 2, 1838, died June 27, 1841; Hester Ann, born July 27, 1839, died May 23, 1864; Elizabeth, born April 20, 1841, married October 29, 1862, to James W. Moore, a farmer residing near Mt. Pleasant ; Charles Milton, born February 4, 1843, married Lydia A. Hough November 18, 1863, and resides as a farmer upon a place immediately adjoining his father's; Sarah Isabella, born April 9, 1846, and still resides with her parents ; Catharine Rowen, born February 6, 1848, died February 17, 1861; Lydia Ross, born November 7, 1851, died November 21, 1877. Mr. Field has been a quiet farmer, but little in official life, and not connected with any religious or secret society organization. He was formerly a Whig in politics, but for many years has cast his vote with the Democratic party. At the age of seventy-one years, he is n2turally beginning to feel the weight of age, and for six or seven years has suffered the partial loss of his speech. Harriet Porter Perine, now Mrs. John R. Field, was the second daughter of John I. and Jane (Van Tuyl) Perine. Her father was a native of White Creek, New York, and her mother of the adjoining town, Cambridge, Washington county. She was born at White Creek, Novembe1 13, 1813, and at the age of eight years came with her family to Ohio, her father dying soon after in Ashtabula county, where he meant to settle. The widow and her young family then came on to Springfield township, where her brother, Thomas B. Van Tuyl, was settled, his lands adjoining Mr. Field's on the west. In the family of this uncle Harriet was brought up. When ten years old she experienced her first great grief in the loss of an older sister, Mary Ann, residing in Hamilton as an attendant at school, who was killed with three others by one fell stroke of lightning, April 5, 1825. Her mother died in Cincinnati April 1, 1858, at the age of seventy-one, after a long struggle with feebleness and delicate health. When her daughter was twenty-one years old she was married to Mr. Field, as related in the previous sketch, and their histories have been since united through the long period of nearly half a century. She has been a faithful member of the Presbyterian church at Springdale since the age of sixteen, for now more than fifty-one years. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 381 and feet as if imitating that animal in its motions as well as in sounds. Another was the whirling exercise, spinning around like a top. These all had their day, and passed off in a few years, except the jerks, which continued with some for many years. These exercises were considered by the New Lights as supernatural and intended to humble their natural pride of heart and debase, in their own estimation, the subjects of them. Though I give no opinion, they were sometimes difficult to account for on any known principles of psychology. There were instances, and many of them, where persons would lie as if dead, with scarcely the slightest appearance of life, for days together, without motion or any other signs of life, unless an almost imperceptible pulsation and breathing. These people were called New Lights, because they taught "that the will of God was made manifest to each individual who honestly sought after it, by an inward light which shown into his heart; and hence they received the name of New Lights." This revival carried off the great body of the Presbyterian church in the Miami valley, with a number of their preachers; as it did in Kentucky and Tennessee, southwest Virginia and northwest North Carolina. In 1803 they separated from all connection with the regular Presbyterian organizations, formed new presbyteries, and protested against the doctrines and government of the old ecclesiastical organization. The Cumberland Presbyterian denomination took its rise in this remarkable episode of religious history, and its name from that presbytery of southern Kentucky, in which the revival began. The Christians, or Disciples, had the way prepared for them in many places by it; and the Shakers received many accessions, in Kentucky and the Miami country, by reason of its strange experiences. The church at Springdale was greatly affected by it for years, but finally recovered almost entirely from its influence. The Baptist church was also very early in getting a lodgment here. The Rev. William Jones was its local pastor is 1827. MOUNT PLEASANT. This village—which, like Springfield, has been forced by the post office department to take another name (Mount Healthy) for its postal arrangements—is situated in the southwestern quarter of the township, about two miles north of College Hill, at the corners of sections twenty-six and twenty-seven, thirty-two and thirty-three. It is also an old town, having been laid out in 1817 by John Laboyteaux and Samuel Hill. A Mount Pleasant Savings and Building association was incorporated January 18, 1871. It had two hundred and nineteen inhabitants in 1830; eight hundred and seventy-one in 1880. On the Fourth of July, 1837, there was a rather notable celebration at the Presbyterian church in this village, with Mr. Daniel Vanmatre for orator. The neighborhood south of this place is on the Hamilton turnpike, principally celebrated as the early home of the Cary sisters, who receive due notice in our chapter on literature in Cincinnati. A highly poetic description of the old homestead here will also be found in that chapter; and we add here another poem by Alice Cary, in which there is much local coloring and some of the domestic history of the Carys: MEMORY'S PICTURES. Among the beautiful pictures That hang on Memory's wall Is one of a him old forest, That seemeth best of all; Not for its gnarled oaks olden, Dark with the mistletoe; Not for the violets golden That sprinkle the vale below; Nor for the milk-white lilies That lean from the fragrant hedge, Coquetting all day with the sunbeams, And stealing their golden edge; Not for the vines on the upland, Where the bright-red berries rest; Nor the pinks, nor the pale, sweet cowslip, Doth it seem to me the best. I once had a little brother, With eyes that were dark and deep— In the lap of that dim old forest He lieth in peace asleep; Light as the down of the thistle, Free as the winds that blow, We roved there the beautiful summers, The summers of long ago; But his feet on the hills grew weary, And one of the autumn eves I made for my little brother A bed of the yellow leaves. Sweetly his pale arms folded My neck in a Meek embrace, As the light of immortal beauty Silently covered his face; And when the arrows of sunset Lodged in the tree-tops bright, He fell, in his saint-like beauty, Asleep by the gates of light. Therefore, of all the pictures That hang on Memory's wall The one of the dim old forest Seemeth the best of all Mount Pleasant (or Mount Healthy) was a great place, many years ago, for holding political conventions, especially of the Anti-Slavery or Liberty party. At one convention held here, in May, 1841, the nominees of the Liberty party, at the National convention in New York the same momh, for the canvass of 1844—Mr. James G. Birney for President, and Thomas Morris for Vice-President, both then or formerly of Hamilton county—were cordially sustained. This was before the organization of the Liberty party in Ohio. On the Fourth of July, 1842, another convention of Liberty men was held at Mount Pleasant, and the Hon. Samuel Lewis, formerly State superintendent of common schools, was nominated for the State senate. This was the first regular convention of the party in this county. It was crowded, and a very great interest was excited. The biographer of Mr. Lewis says: "One curious feature of the day was a discussion on the Merits of the Liberty party and its claims to public favor, during which the gentleman who took the negative of the question labored hard to prove that slavery was an institution of the Bible, and that God had sanctioned it, Such arguments were, of course, properly treated, by Messrs. Morris and Chase, who opposed his views." St. Mary's Catholic Church is located there, with a parochial school of seventy pupils, and the St. Mary's and St. Stephen's confratenities—all in charge of the Rev. Herman Johanning, pastor. A writer in a recent number of the College Hill Moon, a paper prepared at one of the literary institutions in College Hill, contributes a long article descriptive of a visit to the home of the Cary sisters, from which we extract the following: A gray-painted, two-story, brick house, looking as if it had modestly stepped back from the 1oad and drawn its leafy veil over its face as gently as a Quakeress of olden time, while its wide roof, sloping toward the road, made it look not unlike one who shades the eyes with the hand when wishing to look far off. In fact, all the air and bearing of the house gives you the impression of a person growing old, so busy 382 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. with past memones that it seems never to realize o1 be a part of the present. On every side 1all trees overshadow it; their long branches stretch over the roof ; lovingly their shadows kiss it; house and trees lived, and growing old, and talking over their secrets together, and though we heard the whisper of the leaves when they touched the gable, what they said I cannot tell, for poets only dare breathe such confidences. We open the gate, now held in place by a loop of rope, and pass inside the faded paled fence, and walk with reverent feet up the flagged walk, where moss and grass have grown all unrebuked between the stones. The front door at the end of this walk is in the centre of the house, and has a window on either side. We sit a while on the well worn door-step, and recall the time when many children clustered on and round it, to see the sun set, for the front faces the west, and Rhoda the child of promise, who died so young, told fairy tales, and from distant hill and gathering cloud made the children see turreted castle and lordly hall, and peopled them with great folk that came to life in her wonderful imagination. Bu1 we must follow a path that leads 1ound the house. We find ourselves in the lane that passes the side of the house, at the end of which we see the barn, brown gabled, where the swallows still love to build. We note in passing that the rose bushes still grow luxuriantly over the fence that bounds this lane, making it look in June, when they are in bloom, like a spinster of fifty decked out for a queen of May. Tall trees line each side of this lane, so that at no time of day is there wanting cool, pleasant shade. No wonder the sisters look back lovingly to it. Here they built their play houses, and kept their pets, and romped and played in childhood, and, in later days, put out the milk pans to dry in shining rows. The dining room and kitchen, with chambers over them, are in an addition running back, and have a veranda their whole length, the roof of which is supported by round brick pillars—a curious piece of architecture we never saw before. At the end of this, close to the kitchen door, is the well. The sisters say they used to think that it went through to the other side of the world, and Alice says she loved it with the well sweep tall by her father's own hand reared, but that, alas ! has long since passed away, and the water, still as pure and cool, is brought up with pulley and bucket and chain. HARTWELL, a little northeast of Carthage, on the opposite side of Mill creek, and on section one, in the southeast corner of the township, and on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton and Short Line railroads, was laid out in 1868 by the Hamilton County Building association, and named from Mr. John W. Hartwell, who was vice-president of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad when its station was located there. It had a population of but sixty-seven in 1870, which ten years later had mounted to eight hundred and ninety-two, largely of persons doing business in Cincinnati and having suburban residences here. A Methodist church and a good graded school are located here. It was incorporated September 9, 1876. WYOMING is west of Lockland, on the other side of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad. It was surveyed in the fall of 1869, by Isaac Riddle, for the Lockland & Wyoming Homestead association; was incorporated for special purposes December 7, 1870, and for general purposes March 25, 1874. Its mayor, the latter year, was Mr. W. B. Teetor. It had eight hundred and forty inhabitants by the census of June, 1880. The Presbyterian church here is in charge of the Rev. M. Maxwell. NEW BURLINGTON has had, likewise for postal reasons, to change its name to Transit Post Office. It is an old place near the west line of the township, one and a half miles northwest of Mt. Pleasant. It was laid out May 31, 1816, by John Pegg. In 1830 it had. sixty-two inhabitants. GREENWOOD is a village plat surveyed in 1858 by C. S. Woodruff, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad, between Lockland and Wyoming, by whose growth and fame its own have become considerably obscured. PARK PLACE, on the same iron road, a little northwest of Greenwood, was laid off in 1877, by the Park Place Land and Building company. FOSTER HILL is next north of Park Place on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad, east side, in the neighborhood of the first white settlements made in Springfield township. WOODLAWN is a short distance north of Foster Hill, on the same section, four, and the same side of the railroad, near the township line, not far from the south corporation line of Glendale. ELLISTON is a station north of Glendale, on the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton railroad, laid out in 1868, by W. F. Muchmore, and named from Mr. John W. Ellis, a resident of the neighborhood. MAPLEWOOD is another station and village on this railroad, platted in r873, by Joseph F. Mills. It is now incorporated with Hartwell village in one municipality. THE POPULATION of Springfield township in 1870 was six thousand five hundred and eighty-four, and in 1880 had increased to seven thousand nine hundred and seventy-five. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOSEPH JACKSON. The father of the late Joseph Jackson, of Mt. Pleasant, John Jackson, was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, December 8, 1775, and removed to Pennsylvania in 1812, three years thereafter to Cincinnati, and in 1819 to the Great Miami river, in Butler county, about two miles north of the Hamilton line. Here he conducted the flouring-mill long known as Jackson's, now Graham's mill: He was himself a millwright, and by and by built and ran a paper-mill at the same place and moved by the same power. This was also maintained until within a'few years, when it was suspended. Mr. Jackson oied October 30, 1857, at a farm a mile and a half from the mills, to which he had retired in his old age from the former business. His wife's maiden name was Anme Hough, also of a Virginia family. She was born September 25, 1778, and they were wedded in May, 1801. Their children were: Anna, born February 22, 1802, died June 5, 1846; Elizabeth, born April 29, 1804, died May 31, 1868; Rebecca, born May 1, 1806; Samuel, HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 383 born November 8, 1808; Joseph, born December 4, 1809, died May 7, 1866; Thomas, born August 30, 1811; Mary, born March 28, 1815, died September 11, 1850; Amanda, born September 10, 1818, died June 8, 1880. Their third son was Joseph Jackson, the subject of this notice. He was born on the fourth of December, 1809, in Morgantown, Monongalia county, Virginia, and accompanied his family in their successive removals, learning at home his father's trade of millwright. About the time he reached his majority he left home, taking work at his trade in various places, as he could find it. In 1834, August 19th, upon his bride's birthday, he was wedded to Miss Nancy Riddle, daughter of Colonel John Riddle, the famous pioneer, near Cincinnati. For some years they resided at the mills of his father, in Butler county, and then removed, in 1839, to a farm one and a half miles south of Mt. Pleasant, in the neighborhood where the Cary sisters spent their earlier years. Upon this place the remainder of his days were passed in the improvement of a tract originally very poor, but which he made to blossom as the rose. Here he died May 7, 1866, and his remains repose in the beautiful cemetery at Spring Grove, adjoining the city. of Cincinnati. He was not an active politician, and sought no public office or prominence of any kind. He was, however, for a number of years, president of the Cincinnati, Mt. Pleasant & Hamilton Turnpike company, and raised the road owned by it to a high degree of excellence and prosperity, so that, for the first and last time in its history, it paid some dividends to its stockholders. After his death Mr. J. F. Wright, an officer of the board of directors of the company, in the course of some remarks submitting a resolution in tribute to his memory, included the following eulogy, to which the resolution is appended: He was elected to the presidency of the company in 1853, and continued to serve uninterruptedly in that capacity until his death. For the greater part of the time during the same period he also served as county superintendent of the road. His unanimous annual reappointment to both positions is indubitable proof of the satisfaction given by his official acts. As president I know full well it was ever his desire to be impartial, just, and prompt in the discharge of the duties which his official station devolved upon him. His knowledge of mechanics and human nature, together with his unwavering integrity, eminently qualified him and made him the efficient superintendent that induces every voice now involuntarily to inquire: "Who can fill the place made vacant by his demise?" Only those who were intimately acquainted with the man knew his virtues. He was a man of probity and integrity; he was a lover of truth, kind and merciful in all his relations and intercourse with men, and utterly incapable of practicing deceit. The dishonest man he avoided as he would a pestilence, holding no intercourse whatever with him unless unavoidable. In a word, fo1 I must be brief, the community has sustained the loss of a good citizen and an honest man, its chief ornament. This board has lost an esteemed and valuable member, and an active and efficient officer. The loss to both is irreparable. . . . . In conclusion, I propose for adoption the following resolution as the sentiment of the board: "Resolved, That we greatly deplore the death of our late fellow-member, Joseph Jackson, 1n whom we recognized the honest man, the genial companion, the steadfast friend, and the faithful and efficient officer; and that the family of the deceased have ou1 liveliest sympathy in their deep affliction; and that as a memento of our regard and esteem for the deceased, this resolution be spread upon the minutes of this meeting. Nancy Riddle Jackson was born at the ancient Riddle homestead in Mill Creek, oldest daughter of Colonel John and Jane Marshall Riddle. Jane Marshall was the third wife of Colonel Riddle, who had five wives in the course of his long life. Nancy's natal day was August 19, 1811. She resided at home, receiving such education as was afforded by the schools of the neighborhood (then far out of the city, but now fall within it), until she was married as above noted, when she followed the fortunes of her husband in his several removals. She still survives her consort, and resides in a delightful home in Mount Pleasant, on the Hamilton turnpike. The third year after her husband's death she left the farm, and removed to the residence still owned by her, a little west of the Mount Pleasant station of the College Hill railroad, and in the fall of 1877 took her present place in the village. Her daughter, Miss Nancy Jane Jackson, resides with her. Mrs. Jackson presents a remarkably healthy and vigorous appearance for one of her years, and is every way a worthy descendant of the sturdy old pioneer who helped to lay the foundations of civilization in the Mill Creek and Ohio valleys. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Jackson were, in order of birth, as follows: Nancy Jane; born May 28, 1835; Sarah Louisa, now Mrs. Cary B. Johnson, of Mount Pleasant, born January to, 1837; George Washington, born January 27, 1839, also residing in Mount Pleasant, in the grocery and dry-goods business for many years; John Riddle, born August 15, 1841, died August to, 1859; Mary Maria, now Mrs. George W. Rofelty, of Home City, Ohio, born February 15, 1849; Joseph, born August 17, 1851, died August 2, 1854. HON. JOHN MORROW COCHRAN. This gentleman, one of the most distinguished and useful citizens of Springfield township, resides one-half mile north of Glendale, upon the Glendale and Port Union turnpike. He was born near Gettysburgh, Adams county, Pennsylvania, June 18, 1808, son of William, grandson of James C., and great-grandson of William Cochran. The Cochrans are of English stock. The great-grandfather was born in 1699, and died in 1771; his wife, Sarah, born 1702, died 1785. The grandfather was born July 8, 1732, died December 8, 1810. The dates of birth and death of Jane, his wife, respectively, are November 14, 1742, and January 4, 1815. Mr. Cochran's mother was Rebecca, daughter of John Morrow, from whom the subject of this notice was named, and sister of the late Governor Jeremiah Morrow, of Warren (formerly Hamilton) county. In 1814 his parents, with their young family, in wagons, with a five-horse team, and a saddle-horse for the mother, who would not trust herself upon the water, and hence insisted upon the land journey throughout, made the long trip across the country, still very much- a wilderness, arrived in June at the residence of Governor Morrow, Twenty-miles Stand, on the banks of the Little Miami, eight miles north of Montgomery. After resting here a short time they then pushed westward, crossing the fer- 384 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. tile valley of Mill creek, and settling finally two miles west of Sharonville, and just east of Mr. Cochran's present residence. The elder Cochran here purchased one hundred and sixty-nine acres, to which his son John has made important additions by successive purchases of fifty, seventy-five, and twenty acres. The latter attended the subscription schools of that day, at Springfield, now Springdale, and later the Miami university, at Oxford, where he numbered among his fellow students, these talented young men who were afterwards known as Lieutenant Governor Charles Anderson, the Hon. Robert Schenck, and Professor Freeman Cary, founder of Farmers' college, at College Hill. He spent seven years in all in Butler county, as a student at Oxford and a merchant at Millville, where his father owned and for some time conducted a mill property. In this county he was married June 28, 1332, to Miss Martha J., daughter of Joseph Wilson, of Rossville, now a part of Hamilton. Her mother was Elizabeth Dick, daughter of the old pioneer, Samuel Dick, who is celebrated in one chapter of McBride's Pioneer Biography. In the spring of 1839 they removed to Springfield township, and settled temporarily at Springdale, removing afterwards to the valuable property where they have since resided. About the same time he became president of the Hamilton, Springfield & Carthage turnpike company, which had just built the fine sixteen-mile road from Hamilton to Carthage—the best paying turnpike, it is said, in the State. He has been continuously in this position for forty-two years, except during a very brief interval caused by his resignation. For four years in his young manhood he was township clerk, and consented in his later life to serve for three years as township trustee. He is naturally ambitious, was an ardent Whig and afterwards Republican, and easily turned to the active pursuits of politics and official life. In 1840, when but thirty-two years old, he was called into conspicuous service as a representative in the legislature from Hamilton county. Young as he was, he bore an influential part in securing the election of his candidates for judges of the court of common pleas in Butler county; and the friends of the defeated ones, in derision and chagrin at his success, gave him sixteen votes for judge, although his residence was not in that county. Mr. Cochran again served in the lower branch of the legislature in 1864-7, two terms (the Fifty-sixth and Fifty-seventh houses), during which he was chairman of the important committee on corporations other than municipal, and member of the joint committee on enrollment. In the latter session he was also on the penitentiary committee. In the little volume of Biographical Sketches prepared for embers of the legislature, it is said of him: "He is know as one of the strong Umon members of the house, fa. ful, prompt and efficient." For the sessions of 1872-3 he was again summoned to service in the house by his fellow-citizens, when he acted as chairman of the committee on public printing, and member of that 0n public benevolent institutions. During the war of the Rebellion he performed important duty as a member of the military committee of Hamilton county. While the great struggle was in progress, in November, 1863, he visited his childhood's home, but as an official representative of the State of Ohio, by appointment of Governor Tod, to attend the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburgh, where one of the greatest battles of the war had been fought a few months before. The confidence reposed by the community in Mr. Cochran has been shown most abundantly, not only by his repeated calls to official station, but by the frequent demands upon him to administrate upon estates, of which he has had as many as twenty-three in charge, settling all with thorough efficiency and integrity. He is universally regarded as an able and very useful citizen, in public and in private life. Mrs. Cochran also still survives. They have had thirteen children, as follows: William Arman, born April 14, 1835; October 14, 1856, married Julia Ann Lewis; now a farmer near Decatur, Illinois. Joseph Wilson, born December 29, 1836, married Mattie H. Cox June 18, 1862; an attorney at Peoria, Illinois, and for six years circuit judge. Infant son, born September 29, 1838, died unnamed October 24, same year. John Morrow, born December 13, 1839, residing with his parents. Samuel D., born February 13, 1842; married Marie Fitzgerald November 8, 1876; a bookkeeper and local manager in Cincinnati for the Champion Reaper company, of Springfield. Eliza W., horn November 15, 1843, married October 12, 1871, to the Rev. W. H. James, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Springdale. Jeremiah Morrow, born November 20, 1845, now an editor and proprietor of the Daily Freeman, Peoria, Illinois. Rebecca, born November 20, 1845, residing at the old home. Nannie A., born December 3, 1849, also at home. James Marion, born December 21, 1851, at home; Louisa D., born August 20, 1853, died April 12, 1854. Lewellyn, born May 20, 1855, died December Jo, 1859. Martha Ella, born September 16, 1857, died April 12, 1854. CAPTAIN GEORGE W. WALKER. Joseph Walker was a native of the isle of Guernsey, born in 1774 of an English-French family. Hettie Stibbs was born in New Jersey, United States, 1780, of Holland stock. She became Mrs. Walker after the immigration of her husband to New York city in 1806— probably about 1807 or 1808. He labored as a house carpenter, and also, under the direction of his friend the renowned Robert Fulton, he shaped at his shop by night, after the labors of the day were over, the model for the Clermont, the first steamer to navigate, the Hudson river. The family, comprising then but two children, with the parents left the Atlantic coast in 1811, prompted thereto by the prospect of war with Great Britain and the consequent danger to him as still a British subject, and started for Cincinnati. From New York to Philadelphia they journeyed by ocean vessel, thence three weeks' travel took them, by wagon across the mountains .to Pittsburgh, where they embarked upon a flatboat for HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 385 the river trip. Arriving at the young Queen City he reentered upon the pursuits of his trade, and in a short time became a prominent builder, being much in the employ of John H. Piatt, the enterprising speculator of that day. After a useful and honorable career Mr. Walker died in Cincinnati in June, 1838, and his wife in December, 1859, at the age of seventy-nine. Five children were born to them in the city, among them the subject of this sketch. George W. Walker was the fifth child and fourth son, born January 28, 1817, near the corner of Third and Sycamore streets, which neighborhood was then mainly devoted to dwellings. His father's house was just at the brow of the "Hill," which had not then been graded down. George was educated in the city schools, which were then almost exclusively private, and somewhat costly. Among his early teachers were Caleb Kemper, Mrs.- Williamson, Mr. Wringlet, and other well-known early pedagogues. Following the example of his father and an elder brother, he learned the business of house-carpentering, to which he afterwards added the trades of ship-carpenter and steamboat-joiner, and practiced them all for some years. When about twenty-three years old his savings enabled him to invest in a steamer, the Mail, jointly with Captain Thomas J. Haldeman.—Thus early, in 1840, did the business association of these two gentlemen begin, which continued almost unbroken in steamboating and paper manufacturing until the death of Captain Haldeman in October, 1874. The company with which Captain Walker is now connected, still bears from him the name of the Haldeman Paper company. On their first venture with the Mail, Mr. Haldeman went out as captain and Mr. Walker as carpenter. Selling this vessel at the end of a year, they, with others, built a fine new steamer called the Express Mail, for the New Orleans trade. It proved a profitable investment, and was run by its owners four years, when they sold it to build the more costly steamer Yorktown—a powerful vessel built for the rapid transit of passengers rather than for freight, and bearing also on the wheel-house the designation of "Fast Mail." Captain Walker continued to serve as carpenter of the steamers; but when Captain Haldeman retired to take the post of inspector of steamboats at Cincinnati—the first appointment there under a law of Congress which he had been largely instrumental in securing—Mr. Walker assumed the captaincy of another vessel purchased by them—the Norma. In a short time this became a total wreck by snagging at Choctaw Bend, on the Mississippi, the cargo, worth about three hundred thousand dollars, being mostly saved. For a year he was then engaged at Cincinnati and Madison in superintending the lengthening of steamers for the People's Line to Louisville, of which Captain Haldeman was president. He then engaged in real estate operations and house-building in the city, also making purchase of a farm in Clermont county and taking stock in a National bank in New Richmond. In 1866 he removed to his farm, nine miles from that place, but was called away from it in three years to accept a superior opportunity for investment in the paper-making business at Lockland. A reconstruction of the company of Decamp, Haldeman & Parker had become necessary by the death of Mr. Parker, who was killed in one of the mills January 31, 1867. It became the Haldeman Paper company, with Captain Haldeman as president, who invited his old friend and associate to an interest in the new company. For a time Captain Walker employed his mechanical talent in the improvement and repair of the mills, and superintended the construction of the new mill in the summer of 1877, upon the site or the old mill where Mr. Parker was killed. Upon the death of Captain Haldeman, Mr. J. C. Richardson was promoted from the vice-presidency to the vacant place, and Captain Walker became vice-president, in which capacity he has since served the company He has made his home in Lockland ever since his connection with the mills; is a member and trustee of the Presbyterian church at that place, which holds the faith of his fathers; and an uncompromising Republican since the outbreak of the late war. In 1858, February 28th, Captain Walker was married to Margaret, daughter of Judge Robert Haines, of New Richmond, Clermont county. She is still living. They have two children, daughters—Hettie May, born May 10, 1859, in Cincinnati, now at home with her parents; and Alice Quinlin, born in Newport, Kentucky, December 28, 1863, and residing at home. JOHN L. RIDDLE. John Riddle, jr., was born in New Jersey in 1789, and in the fall of the next year was brought by his parents to Cincinnati. As he grew toward manhood he assisted his father, Colonel Riddle, in clearing and working the section owned by the colonel in Mill Creek valley, one corner of which was near the Brighton house, and all of which is now far within the city. He went out as a volunteer in the War of 1812-15, and served faithfully and safely during his term. In April, 1814, at the age of twenty-five he was married to Catharine Long, of whom and of whose father some notice is given below. Mr. Riddle and wife settled on a quarter-section west of the site of Glendale and handsomely overlooking it, where the remainder of their lives was spent. He died suddenly of hernia at about seventy-seven years of age; and she at the age of eighty-five, from the effects of a fall which rendered her unconscious and took her life in seven hours. They had never in their married life known sickness severe enough to confine them to their rooms; had been hard workers all their lives, and were each performing their usual duties until struck down by the icy hand of death. Catharine Long, wife of John Riddle, jr., and mother of John L. Riddle, was born December 13, 1788. She was a daughter of Michael Long, an immigrant from Penn's Valley, Pennsylvania, in 1794, and among the first to break the dense forest west of the present site of Glendale: He settled about twelve miles north of Cincinnati and two miles west of the former place. With him came 49 386 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. his aged father and a number of relatives, among them some of the Longs, the McCormacks, the Smalls, the Sterretts, the Lowes, and many others, all of whom settled within a radius of four miles, and who were never driven out by the Indians. Long soon cleared land and from the first became self-supporting. He soon built a saw-mill on a small stream running through his farm, which for simplicity as well as capacity is a marvel to men yet living, who delight to relate the simplicity. of the mechanicism as well as the enormous amount of work accomplished by it. During the entire life of Long it continued to cut lumber for the building up of the neighborhood, as well as to furnish quantities to Cincinnati boat-builders. Mike, as he was called, was a farmer, blacksmith, tanner, mechanic of all work, shoemaker of evenings, and for the first three. years his own tailor, tanning skins and making clothes of them for the male portion of his family, but the first patch of flax raised relieved him of that necessity, and he lived to be able to procure for a wedding dress for his oldest daughter, calico, which then was considered the height of style in those parts. Michael lived to the age of sixty-five, when he died and was buried in the cemetery near Springdale. Since that time all his children have been laid by his side except two, and in the language of an old settler who knew him well, we know of no person, living or dead, who has contributed so much to improve and benefit the township of Springfield as Michael Long. The father of Michael was an emigrant from Holland, as was also his wife's father. Michael was born February 14, 1756, and died July 13, 1822. John L. Riddle is one of eight children of John and Catharine Riddle. The others were William, Jacob, Mary, Emeline, Andrew J., Nancy, and Adrian A. Of these only Jacob has died. John was born in the old log cabin home, west of Glendale, January 5, 1821; spent his earlier years at home, getting such education as the primitive schools of the region afforded; was married in 1843 to Elizabeth J. Hitts, of Springfield township, and is the parent of eighteen children—five sons and thirteen daughters—Catharine A., Elizabeth J., Cornelia, Frank A., Harriet H., Clara, Julia, Margaret, Mary, John L., Henrietta, Jacob N., and six others who died infants unnamed. Mr. Riddle has acquired a handsome property—partly by his very fortunate sale of parts of the site of Glendale, and is an extensive landholder in the northwest part of the township. He has never aspired to political honors, but has occupied numerous positions of trust, and is often employed to settle estates. Himself and wife have long been influential members of the church at Springdale. They occupy a pleasant home west of the village, and are spending their declining years in all honor, peace, and prosperity. GEORGE H. FRIEND, proprietor of the large paper mills of Lockland and Carrollton. Ohio, was born in Miami county, Ohio, September 12, 1816. His father, Charles Howard Friend, was born in Virginia July 5, 1789. He removed to Cincinnati with his family in the year 1825; was a common day laborer, and, having a large family to support (nine children), it became necessary for his son, the subject of our sketch, to earn his own living, and, accordingly, when ten years of age, became employed in the Graham pape1 mills, then located at the foot of Water street—Central avenue. He began work as assistant lay-boy at a salary of seventy-five cents a week, but being apt in his work was advanced in his position, also in his salary, receiving one dollar and twenty-five cents a week. He continued in Mr. Graham's employ until the year 1832, when the mills were moved to the Black bottoms, below Hamilton, where he began work in the same business for Mr. Spears, whose mills were located near the foot of Smith street. He received there two dollars and twenty-five cents per week, but about this time his parents moved from the city, and young George, desirous of trying his adventures on the waters, left for the south on a flat-boat, having for his cargo a load of lard and bacon. He was to receive for the round trip the munificent sum of twenty dollars, which was not a fortune considering the two months' time required to go to New Orleans and back. About this time the cholera broke out and the captain of the bbat Had much difficulty in retaining the services of his crew; as they-either would get sick or leave through fear of the epidemic. At Madison, Indiana, all left the captain but young George, and at Louisville the whole force had again to be reorganized. At this last named place a German was employed, who, in consequence of idleness and refusal to work, the captain, in an enraged fit of passion threshed him off the boat, but evil consequences followed. As soon as the cargo landed in New Orleans the German was also there with officers and arrested the captain, detained his stock of goods, leaving Mr. Friend in a strange land without money and in critical circumstances. He next goes to Natches and engages work on the levee, but, changing his mind, accepts a position in a brickyard across the river, some miles above, at a salary of one dollar a day, and stayed that winter and part of the summer. He had formerly worked at the same business in the summer season at Cincinnati, and, as he understood it, made a useful hand in making brick and erecting a large court house. This work being done he set out for Natches, but the distance of fifteen miles through thickets and low marshes being impossible to make in any reasonable time, quietly shifted himself into an Indian boat lying at the water's edge, and about dusk of evening set out. As it happened the night was dark, a heavy fog overspread the river, and not the faintest glimmering of any star could be seen. He thrust his little boat into the middle of the river, let it take the current, and in the face of all danger from collision with snags and steamboats, glided down the rapid stream at the rate of about six miles an hour, reaching Natches about eleven o'clock that night. Mr. Friend had now by hard earnings during the interregnum of 1834 and 1835, while away, collected together about fifty dollars, but he was yet to experience a loss HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 387 differing from the others yet endured. At Natches a helpless applicant for a passage up the river appealed to him for aid, and after fair promises to repay the favor about twenty dollars was given and he went aboard. Being a fellow companion he laid siege to his trunk, relieved him of the rest of his money and all his valuables, and then deboarded his vessel at the first opportunity. Such were some of the friendly experiences of Mr. Friend before reaching Cincinnati on his trip to and from New Orleans, but nothing daunted by misfortune, he set himself to learn the carpenter trade after his return, and for one year drove nails and shoved the plane in Cincinnati; but in 1836 he removed to Lockland and continued his business for eighteen years thereafter. In 1858 he and his brother, in company with a Mr. French, purchased from Messrs. Haldermann and Parker the first paper mill built at Lockland. In 1853 he built the dwelling house in which he now resides, but there immediately came a depression in his business, and owing to the facts of heavy indebtedness for property bought, and the failure of the business to support two families, Mr. Friend purchased the mill outright from Mr. French in 1862. Immediately after Mr. Friend taking the mill business revived, large demands for paper being made by the Government for war purposes, so that in a few years he found himself out of all indebtedness and making money rapidly. In 1871 he purchased two other mills at Carrollton, Ohio, but in five years afterwards, to the day, they were burned down, the loss being about forty thousand dollars. Mr. Friend immediately rebuilt, putting in machinery, increasing their capacity, and making them the best of the kind in the west. His son, George Howard Friend, a young man of business tact, learned in the business, is now a partner of his father, and general manager of the Carrollton mills. In 1840-41, a little church incident occurred which will illustrate Mr. Friend's politics. He was at that time a member of the Methodist Episcopal church in Lockland, and in the course of time, a minister of the Wesleyan Methodists having been invited to preach (it being in the troublous times of the free soil discussions), took for his text: "God made all men of one blood," which was so suggestive—although no ill word, bestirring plolitical or partisan hatred, had been spoken—that the pro-slavery faction of the church took umbrage, and before the preacher got under headway with the sermon, pelted him severely with eggs, and upon taking a more violent course, Mr. Friend interceded to prevent further trouble, and for this act was to be suspended from the church and reprimanded. The suspension hurt him not, and the reprimanding was not received, as he was and had been so staunch in his Union sentiments as not to allow those who fostered the free soil principles to engender his religious convictions. The church, however, even before its separation into the two branches, failed to carry out its threat, and he was always considered one of its members. On June 15, 1843, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Bradford, in Lockland, Ohio, and the fruits of this union were seven children: Mary Agnes Friend, married to Charles Howell; John B. Friend, died July a, 1861, aged eighteen years; Charles W. Friend, married to Julia Jackson, died January 2, 1879, aged thirty years. They had three children: George, died January r, 1873, Melvin, and Maynard; James Howard Friend, married to Flora Myers; they had two children: George Frederick, and Edith; E. Annie Friend, married to Samuel Johnson; they had one child: Fannie E; Catharine Friend, and Edward Friend. Mrs. Elizabeth Friend, nee Bradford, still lives in the enjoyment of health and comfort, after having carefully raised and trained her family. She was born in Washington, Pennsylvania, July 22, 1818. The antecedents of the Friend family are numerous. They date back to the time when the father of our subject went to Canada on a visit to see his brother George, and while there married a daughter of Leonard Scratch, and sister of his brother's wife. It should also be stated that three children of the Scratch family married three children of John Wendel and Juliana Wigle. The two brothers came to the States. Charles stopped at Cincinnati, his brother going down the river to Jeffersonville, Indiana, where they settled, and the descendants mostly. reside. Charles, however, remained in Cincinnati, and finally died in Lockland on January 23, 1868, aged seventy-nine years. In the year 1870 some of the Canadian members of this large family, while on a visit to the States, proposed a reunion, to take place in Canada, which finally occurred in Gosfield, Canada, September 24, 1872. The meeting was held in a beautiful grove belonging to Theodore Wigle. Eighteen visitors from the South were present, and about eight hundred of the home relatives, making the affair, with its bounteous repasts of the day, and the cordial greetings of the numerous descendants, an occasion long to be remembered. SYCAMORE. FORMATION AND GEOGRAPHY. The original Sycamore township was a new creation of the general reorganization of the townships of Hamilton county, after the erection of Ohio as a State and the setting off of Butler and other counties from the territory of Hamilton county. It was defined as comprising "all that fractional township No. 5, in the first entire range, and four tiers of sections on the eastern side of town four, same range; also, so much of the second entire range as lies north of the same." These tracts include the whole of what is now Symmes township, and all of the present Sycamore township, except the two westernmost tiers of sections. The township was but little larger then than it is now, having thirty-nine full and twelve fractional sections, the latter lying' altogether on the west bank of the Little Miami river. Sycamore township is now bounded on the east by Symmes, on the south by Columbia, and on the west by Springfield townships. Butler county bounds it for about two and a half miles on the north, and Warren county for three and a half miles. It is an approximately exact parallelogram of seven sections long by six broad, thus containing forty-two sections. Some unevenness is manifest in the original runmng of the section lines, and the section corners on the east line of the township are considerable north of the northwest corners of the same sections in Sycamore. This breaks up the north line of the township badly at the northeast corner; it otherwise is pretty nearly a right line. The present township comprises the whole of town four, in the first entire range, and the southernmost tier of sections in town three, of the second entire range. Sections numbered only seven, thirteen, nineteen, twenty-five, and thirty-one, are thus, as in Springfield, duplicated in the township. It is the largest township in the county, having a total of twenty-nine thousand two hundred and ninety-one acres, or nearly a square mile more than forty-two exact sections contain. Springfield, which is the next township in size, and contains just as many sections, has but twenty-five thousand eight hundred and ninety-six acres—one thousand five hundred and fifty-five less than Sycamore, and nine hundred and eighty-four, or more than one and a half square miles, less than it would have were all its sections full and exact. The irregularity of surveys in the purchase could hardly be better illustrated. The Miami canal leaves the township at the northwest corner of section thirty-two, in Lockland, having flowed through all the westernmost tier of sections north of that, in a course of nearly six miles. The Cincinnati & Springfield railroad,—otherwise the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis, or Dayton Short Line railroad—comes into the township at the south part of Lockland, half a mile south of the canal, and runs diagonally across the two western tiers of sections and part of the third, leaving Sycamore about two and one-third miles from the northwest corner, after traversing the township a length of a little more than six miles. The Marietta & Cincinnati railroad has only about half a mile Of track in Sycamore, crossing the extreme southwest corner, between Madiera station, in Columbia township, and Allandale, in Symmes. The Miami valley, or Cincinnati & Northern railway, spans the entire township with nearly eight miles of track, crossing the Montgomery pike and entering Sycamore exactly at the centre of the south township line, and making gradually northeastward until it leaves the township precisely one mile west of the northeast corner, or two miles east of the point of entrance. The Montgomery, Lebanon & Dayton turnpikes, with an abundance of admirable wagon-roads and otherwise, intersect the township in all directions. No stream of large size touches the township. The East fork of Mill creek, with one of its larger tributaries, heads in the counties to the northward, and flows through the northern and western townships to a junction with the West fork a little way beyond the township line, near Hartwell. Carpenter's run flows toward the East fork from the direction of Montgomery. Three or four small affluents of the Little Miami, on the eastern side of Sycamore, penetrate the township to the breadth of one to three miles. The southernmost tier of sections is almost altogether devoid of water courses. The general character of the surface of the township resembles that of Springfield and the Hamilton county plateau. On the west, however, the Mill Creek valley in which lie the Miami canal and the Short Line railway, is broad and flat; and parts of the southeastern and eastern districts are on the low ground of the Little Miami country. The rest of the township is emphatically hill country, though not of a description unfitting it for the production of large and valuable crops and for stock-raising. Most of the township is given up to farming, not much of it, away from Reading, being devoted to suburban residences, and this place, with Montgomery and Shawn, being the only villages of account in the entire township. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. In the creative act of the county authorities in 1803, the electors of the new township were directed to meet at the house or John Ayres, in the village of Montgomery, and choose three justices of the peace. HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 389 The following memoranda of Sycamore justices in later years have been preserved: 1819—Peter Bell, Benajah Ayres, Hezekiah Price, Jonathan Pittman. 1825—James J. Whalon, Nicholas Schoonmaker, James Rosebrough. 1829—Schoonmaker, Ayres, Matthew Terwilliger, Henry Morse. 1863-9—James Aydelotte, Daniel B. Myers, Michael Williams. 1870—Myers, Azdelotte, L. Melendy. 1872—Same, with William A. Aydelotte. 1873-4—Melendy, the Aydelottes, John Todd. 1875—Melendy, Todd, W. A. Aydelotte, Okey Van Hise. 1876—Aydelotte, Van Hise, Todd, Jacob Voorhees. 1877—Voorhees, Todd, Van Hise, F. Mosteller. 1878-9—Mostelleri Voorhees, Todd. 1880—Todd, Voorhees, Thomas W. Myers. THE FIRST IMMIGRANT to the territory now covered by Sycamore township was James Cunningham. He was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Kentucky while still a comparative youth, about 1785, there engaging, with four others, in building cabins for settlers, about four miles back of the present site of Covington. They were presently assailed by the Indians and one killed, when Cunningham and the remaining three decided to abandon their business in that quarter and settle upon the Beargrass creek, near where Louisville was afterwards founded. He was there married to Miss Janette Park, of another Pennsylvania family, in 1787, and in the second yea1 thereafter, the first year of Cincinnati or Losantiville, and on the twenty-sixth of May, 1789, he entered a land-warrant which entitled him to locate on a half-section of land, which he chose on the west half of section twenty-eight in what is now this township, in the valley of the East fork. He soon began improvements upon his place, assisted by Arthur, Andrew, and Culbertson, his brothers-in-law and three of the first settlers of Reading village. They were the first to make a clearing in Sycamore township. It is supposed, as there was then comparative peace between the white settlers and the Indians, that Cunningham moved his family to the place and resided there until the Indian troubles of the next winter, when he removed to Cincinnati, where he is known to have bought a lot and built a cabin near the corner of Walnut and Second streets. He afterwards entered the Government service for a year or so as a teamster, and in the fall of 1793 removed finally to his farm, where the rest of his life was passed. He built and ran the first saw- and grist-mills in this part of the county, and about 1808 had a distillery in connection with the grist-mill. Among'his surviving descendants are: a son, Francis Cunningham, lately living north of Sharon, on the old place, near the county line; two grandsons, Elmore W. Cunningham, of Cincinnati, and James F. Cunningham, of Glendale; and a granddaughter, the wife of Mr. Andrew Erkenbrecker, of Cincinnati. James Carpenter was also a very early corner to the sections embraced in Sycamore township. He located on section fifteen, west of Montgomery, probably in the autumn of 1793, or the spring of the next year, and removed thither from Columbia. Adjoining him on the west was Price Thompson, a soldier of the Revolution, who located a land warrant on the northeast quarter of section twenty-one, November 26, 1792. Other pioneers here were David and Abner Denman, whose sisters married Thompson and Benjamin Willis. Another of this party, Elihu Crain, a-distant 1elative of Thompson's; and Richard and Samuel Ayres. For the sake of company and mutual protection they put up their cabins near each other, where the sections fifteen and sixteen corner with sections twenty-one and twenty-two, or about where the Plainfield school-house is. Others who came to the settlement after Indian hostilities ceased are mentioned by Mr. Olden in his Historical Sketches, as James and John Mathers, Daniel and Nathaniel Reeder, Joseph McKnight, Morris Osborn, Moses Hutelings, Matthias Crow, Henry, Benjamin, and Isaac Devie, Nathaniel Jarrard, and Samuel Knott, all of whom date by residence here back of 1797. He adds that "the settlement was never annoyed by Indians, and there was nothing to encounter but the wild animals and the almost interminable forest." John Campbell, who built a fortified station on the Great Miami, opposite Miamitown, also made a settlement in Sycamore, probably in the summer or fall of 1793, on the forfeiture part of section twenty, southwest of Cunningham's. But few settlers clustered around him for years; he did not consider it necessary to fortify his cabins; and the history of his improvement here is wholly uneventful. Some other early settlers of Sycamore were John Gold-trap, on section twenty-two, where now is the Jacob Shuff place; James and John Wallace, on section twenty-one, now the Cooper farm; the Park brothers, with or near Cunningham, on section twenty-eight; and near Montgomery Ely Duskey, Moses and Joseph Crist, Joseph Tallman, and Andrew Lacky. William R. Morris was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 12, 1836. His father is of Scotch extraction, and his mother of Irish descent. William R. Morris, sr., married Sarah Lydia Powers, sister of Hiram Powers, the sculptor. William R. Morris, jr., was one out of a family of nine, three sons only surviving to maturity. In May, i865, he married Hattie, daughter of Captain Charles Ross, of Cincinnati, one of the old pioneers:. Mr. Morris is the father of three sons and four daughters. Educationally, he attended St. Xavier college, Cincinnati, and Oxford college, for three years each, preparing himself for the bar. For several years Morris engaged in the wholesale grocery business at Toledo, though he is now a gentleman of rest, enjoying the fruits of his industry, residing at Carthage, Ohio. FORTIFIED STATIONS. The only pioneer outpost in this direction which seems to have been occupied as a regular station-house was 390 - HISTORY OF, HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. Henry Runyan's, about a mile and a half north of Reading. Mr. Olden says: "Near the spring, east of the Dayton turnpike, stood the old station-house." Mr. Runyan was a Virginian, but emigrated from Kentucky, where he had lived since 1784, and had there been married to Mrs. Mary Bush, of Bourbon county. Upon two land warrants, May 9, 1790, he located the west half of section nineteen, the northernmost section of that number in the township, being fourteen miles from the Ohio, and then a long way back in the wilderness. It is believed that he did not move upon the tract within the period required by Symmes' contracts, and that he consequently forfeited a little over fifty-three acres in the northeast corner of it. He soon, however, put up his cabin and made a clearing, and in 1792, according to his son Isaac, who is still surviving at a very advanced age, he removed permanently to the place. Mr. Olden thus presents some of the recollections of Isaac Runyan: Mr. Runyan remembers the first school-house in the neighborhood. It was built of buckeye logs, and stood in the field south of Mr. John Rick's present residence. It was a rude cabin, with the ground for a floor. The benches were made of slabs, with wooden pins for legs. A few openings were left in the sides of the cabin, which, being covered with greased paper, served for windows. There Mr. Runyan took his first lesson in Dilworth's speller and reader. The first religious meetings were held in the woods, where the people seated themselves on logs or on the ground, as they found most convenient. The first preacher that came to the settlement was a Mr. Cobb. The men dressed in the hunting-shirt and knee-breeches, and the women wore the petticoat and short gown, all made of linsey-woolsey, or homespun cloth. The principal sports or recreation among the men were had at the log-rollings and cabin and barn-raisings, and consisted chiefly in wrestling, jumping, pitching quoits and target-shooting. Spinning and sewing-parties, apple-bees and corn-huskings, after the country had been settled a few years, were frequent, where not only the young of both sexes, but often the old and middle-aged, were brought together, when, after completing the work which the company had been invited to perform and partaking of a bountiful supper, they all joined and spent the remainder of the evening, and often the entire night, in plays and dances that formed the social glee. The dance consisted of "Nae cotillion brent new frae France," but the genuine old Virginia reel. And those who joined in the dance paid the fiddler, whose charges were fixed and well established at a fi'penny bit, or six and one-fourth cents, a reel. No trouble is known to have occurred with the savages at Runyan's station. Voorhees' station was situated upon section thirty-three, near the present towns of Lockland and Reading. It was not a block-house, or even stockade, but a large, strong log cabin, which answered for both residence and defence, and was frequently mentioned in the early times, in speech and print, as Voorhees' station. This cabin is said by Mr. Olden to have been situated on the west side of the East fork of Mill creek, several hundred yards east of Mr. Breck's residence in Lockland. He further says: "This old house was torn away in 1817 by Thomas Shepherd, who then owned the place, and the logs sold to Adrian Hageman, who used a portion of them in the erection of a house on lot No. 49, next south of where the new Catholic church stands in Reading. This house is still standing; it was weatherboarded many years ago, and is now occupied by John O'Neal, the -constable. It was a strong family which made this improvement —almost enough in itself to make an effective garrison. Abraham Voorhees was the head and front of it; and with him were his sons-in-law, Thomas Higgins and John Rynearson, with their families, and his five sons, Abraham, Miney, Garret, John and Jacob. They began their improvements in the spring of 1794, and in the fall of the same year moved their families to the station. They were soon after joined by another and still larger family, nearly all of them adult persons. The parents were Henry and Margaret Redinbo, of the Pennsylvania German stock, who removed from Reading, in that State, in the spring of 1795; their eight sons were Solomon (drowned on the journey westward), Frederick, John, Phillip, Samuel, Andrew, Henry and Adam; and the daughters were Ann, Barbara and Margaret. In August of the same year they obtained a deed from Judge Symmes of the south half of section twenty-seven, west of the Voorhees tract, built a cabin and log barn on the property since owned by. Dr. Thomas Wright, and there settled. The parents both lived to the age of ninety-four years, and died in the same year, 1828 or 1829. The younger Abraham Voorhees was a blacksmith; and as soon as the progress of settlement, or the near prospect of it, would justify, he built a shop near his cabin, on the east side of the new road running from White's to Runyan's station. Mr. Olden says this shop was "at a point where now stands the dwelling and storehouse of James Browne, on the northeast corner of Main and Columbia streets, in Reading. There he carried on his business for several years, using a hickory stump as an anvil." He also, in partnership with his brother Miney, built and ran a pioneer saw-mill on the west bank of Mill creek, in what is now Conklin's addition to Lockland. The elder Voorhees laid out upon his land the adjacent village of Reading about 1798, and had it called at first Voorhees-town, but allowed it afterward to be named Reading, at the suggestion of the senior Redinbo, from the latter's birthplace in the Keystone State. Another incident of this period, occurring south of the present site of Reading, is thus related by Mr. Olden : During the autumn of 1794, William Moore, who was.a great hunter, and who made his home at Covalt's station, on the Little Miami river, while out on one of his hunting excursions, wandered to the Great Lick, as it was then called, about a mile and a half east of White's station, and on the lands now owned by John Hamel, in the southeast quarter of section thirty-two. He there killed a deer, which he skinned, and had prepared the saddle for packing, and while in the act of washing his hands in the brook, and at the same time amusing himself by singing an Indian song he had learned while a captive among the Shawnees, he was suddenly alarmed by a voice joining in the song in the Indian tongue. He instantly sprang to his feet and ran for the thick wood on the west, closely pursued by several Indians. As they did not fire, they evidently 1ntended capturing him. The foremost in the pursuit was quite a small Indian, but very fleet on foot. He was gaining rapidly on Moore, when, fortunately, they came to a large fallen tree, the body of which was some four feet in diameter. Moore placed his hand upon the log and leaped it at one bound. The Indian, being unable to perform this feat, was compelled to go round the tree. This gave Moore a fresh start, and after a long and closely contested race, he reached White's station, with the loss of his gun and coat, and also his game. EARLY RELIGION. Two miles west of Montgomery, on Carpenter's run, is the site of the church building erected by the first HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 391 Baptist society, or religious organization of any kind, in the township. It was formerly a colony dismissed from the Baptist church in Columbia in 1797. Elder James Lee, pastor of the Miami Island church from 1799 to 1801, often preached at Carpenter's run. Mr. Richard Ayers was one of the laymen representing this church at the meetings in 1797-8, to form the Miami Baptist association, and was one of the committee to draft "general principles of faith, practice, and decorum," as the basis of an association. The membership of the Carpenter's run church was reported at the associational meeting in Columbia, September 6, 1799, as thirty-two. The association met with this church in 1801, when it numbered thirteen churches and four hundred and sixty-seven members, of whom one hundred and thirty-one, or more than one-fourth, had been baptized within a year. It is said that a very few members of this church were affected with the "falling" experience during the strange New Light revival of 1801-3 in the Miami country, which is described in our chapter on Springfield township. Some of the early pastors of this church were: Elder John Soward (Seward?) 1800-r; Elder Stephen Gard, 1803; Cyrus Crane, 1811-26 (for one year, 1814, Abraham Griffiths). The Mount Carmel church, whose meeting-house is not far south of the Carpenter's run site, long since superseded the pioneer society. Some of the early .settlers near Montgomery—as the Crists, Tallman, Durkey, and Lackey—organized a church in their neighborhood very early, which was known as the old Sycamore Presbyterian church until 1803, when it changed its designation to the Hopewell church. MONTGOMERY. It is thought by some that inroads were made upon the forest and improvements begun by white men upon the present site of Montgomery as early as the fall of 1794; but the earliest trustworthy date is fixed one year from that time, when a colony of six families came in from Ulster county, New York. They were headed, respectively, by three brothers Felter—Jacob, Irominius, and David—Cornelius Snyder, Nathaniel Terwilliger, and Jacob Rosa. All were Felter families, indeed, in this, that the three brothers sired one-half of them, and their three sisters—Mesdames Snyder, Terwilliger, and Rosa—were mothers to the other three. It is seldom that a pioneer colony is thus uniquely made up. Snyder bought of Thomas Espy, June 27, 1796, the whole of section four, for one thousand four hundred and forty dollars. Here the first improvements were made by the party. August 1st of the same year Terwilliger bought of Judge Symmes the southwest quarter of section three, upon which section Montgomery is situated, and began the clearing of that tract shortly after. Nearly five years afterwards—May 5, 1801—he also bought the north half of the section, and upon it laid out the town of Montgomery. It was surveyed in 1802; but the recorded plat of this bears date the ninth of August, 1805. It is situated on the Montgomery pike, two and one-half miles from the south line of the township, and one and a half miles from Montgomery station, in Symmes township, on the Marietta & Cincinnati railroad. The old State road from Columbia to Chillicothe formerly passed through it. When the Montgomery turnpike was established the State road was straightened, leaving Main street, upon which are the oldest houses in the village, out of its line, and creating State street upon its new line. The following interesting passages are taken from Mr. Richard Nelson's work on Suburban Homes. Mr. Nelson was formerly a resident at Montgomery: Like most towns of its size Montgomery has no written history. Situated on a leading road, it became a resting place for teamsters and travellers, and so grew up from a single tavern to what it now is, a town of five hundred inhabitants. A log cabin formed the first tavern of the place. This was situated on the southeast corner of Main and Mechanic streets, on what is now known as the Station road, and kept by John Osborn. A man named Yost opened another tavern on the diagonel corner. Some idea of the extent of travel, or the drinking habits or the people of that time (1809), may be formed when we state that a fifty-barrel supply of whiskey for the year failed to meet the demand upon Yost's bar. In 1806-7 a number of citizens from Montgomery, Orange county, New York, came by the way of Fort Pitt (Pittsburgh), and Columbia, and settled around this point, as a good place for trade and farming. Among these were Jacob and Cranmer Felton, Cornelius Snider, grandfather of James Snider; John Z. Weller, Nathaniel Terwilliger, Joseph Taulman, H. Crist, Jacob Roosa, and others. Coming from Montgomery, they naturally named the new place in honor of their old home. In 181o a company of these men was organized for the purpose of erecting and running a grist-mill. Some of the names were Elliott, Grist, Snider, and Sears—the latter was the millwright. Soon after commencing business in the mill they opened a store on the corner now occupied by Mr. R. Parrott. In 186 additions to the town were made by Joseph Taulman and Lodwick Weller, and subsequently two more by Daniel Hayden and Eli Dusky. As early as 1807 a rifle company was formed, and Montgomery soon became a place for battalion muster. Quite a military spirit was excited, which was maintained for many years afterward. Schools were not neglected in the early history of the place, though the buildings were as primitive in design as in finish. Within one hundred yards of the writer's residence was the first school-house built in Montgomery. This was so constructed that openings were left in the logs to serve as windows. In summer these were left without sash; in the winter sized newspapers subserved the double purpose of sash and window-glass. A mode of punishment, equally primitive, called for another opening of six inches in the rude floor. Into this offenders were required to thrust a bare foot and keep it there until released by the teacher. As snakes were numerous in summer and the ground under the house open, the discipline proved effective. In the course of some years the Montgomery academy was organized. This was a classical school, and was under good management. Professors Hayden, Locke, and Moore were some of the teachers. It was in this academy that Dr. William Jones had his education before entering upon the study of medicine. James Snider was also a scholar of this as well as of the more primitive school, where he acquired some prominence during a "barring out" adventure. Some of the early industries of Montgomery, besides those mentioned, were the manufacture of wagons for the southern market, pork-packing, and cabinet-making. Henry Snider conducted the wagon-making business, and built his own boats to carry his freight. The gunwales of these boats consisted of logs fifty or sixty feet in length, and were hewed in the village. To get them to the river they were placed upon wheels and, being hard to manage, required a steersman as well as a teamster. To steer this caravan, a pole was inserted in the centre of the hind axle and made to project backwards; this was the tiller, and the man on foot behind the logs was the steersman. One of the oldest citizens of Montgomery is Abraham Roosa, who is seventy-nine years of age. His father, Jacob Roosa, and family, came out from New York in 1799. With him came also a man named Ayres, who was one of the builders of the first ocean vessel, a brig, built at Columbia. In Abraham's boyhood wolves had not been exterminated; and as cattle were allowed to run at large it was necessary to have them brought home in the evenings and securely penned. As soon as Abraham was able to handle a gun this duty devolved upon 392 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. him. Provided with musket, ammunition, and a faithful dog, he would track the objects of his search by the sound of the bells, and before the shades of evening set in have them secure. Montgomery has contributed her quota of public men. For the early militia she furnished a general of note—Cornelius Snider._ John Snider she sent to the legislature many years ago, and Dr. Alexander Duncan to Congress. California is indebted to her for a governor—Weller was a Montgomery boy; and the legislative halls of the State were 1einforced by Dr. William Jones, on more than one occasion, and by George Crist, of the firm of Creighton & Co., at another time. In the Presbyterian church the Rev. Daniel Hayden served with distinction, and in the Universalist church the Rev. A. Lawrie, who was ordained in the Montgomery church, was a distinguished advocate of the doctrines of his denomination. Thirty-eight years of practice of medicine in the vicinity entitles Dr. Naylor's name to a place here. Of Dr. Duncan's history and habits we learned something from Dr. Jones, and had the pleasure of examining his portrait, made by a young artist named Sweet, who carried it across the Atlantic and over Europe as a specimen of his skill in painting. The doctor's history is an interesting one. He was a lover of public life, and an ardent advocate of Democratic measures. He was also attached to outdoor pleasures, driving and fishing, and when in company with a friend, would often not exchange words for miles of travel, and when he did break silence it would be by the utterance of some remarkable statement, or by propounding some difficult problem. It was the doctor's custom, when about to engage in a fishing expedition, to catch his minnows in Sycamore creek; but some said that he was often fishing for votes when he was supposed to be engaged in legitimate piscatorial pursuits. Accordingly the knowing ones would account for his absence from home by saying he was "catching minneys in the Sycamore." A remarkable man, of very different stamp, was Eli Dusky, whose "mark" may be seen in the records of the county. Eli was noted alike for industry, simplicity of character, and the limited amount of intelligence, with which he managed to transact the business of life. In politics, religion, and business, he was guided rather by instinct than knowledge or reason. He believed in ghosts and hobgoblins, if not in a future state; and fairies were the great facts, as well as mysteries, of his creed. This was known to the neighbors—to the men who were boys in those days, and to the boys who were men; and the latter were not slow in taking advantage of such notions, nor the former in encouraging the fun. On a certain occasion, Eli had a prosperous sugar-camp in the rear of where Mr. Smith's house now stands. His blazing fire was rapidly converting the sugar-water into delicious syrup, and his barrels were waiting for their first installment, when, the shades of evening approaching, he slackened his fire, prepared his camp for the night, and went to his home, ruminating over his probable good luck in securing a big crop of molasses. Supper disposed off, Eli retired to his quiet couch, but had scarcely experienced his first nocturnal vision (for he was a great dreamer), when he was aroused by the barking of his faithful dog. Quickly dressing, he sallied forth, and soon was in plain sight of his factory, where, to his consternation he beheld, flitting about in the dim light of the subdued fire, the figures of full-grown ells to the number of half a dozen. Spectres they were, sure enough—full-fledged fairies! Eli did not hesitate long in selecting a line of retreat. The house reached, the door was soon opened and again securely fastened, and Eli Dusky was safe from entrusion. That night the fairies enjoyed a rick feast, and got home in time for a sound nap before daylight—larger boys might have fared worse. Montgomery was not so unimportant a settlement as to be overlooked by the showmen of the day. As early as 1812 the leader of a 1roupe and proprietor of a menagerie, with Barnum's enterprise and Robinson's pluck, entered the great town of two taverns, procured a stable and provender for his menagerie, and board and lodging for his troupe. Next day he advertised his great show, and the news was blazed abroad throughout the entire settlement; and the wagons and horses, men and women, boys and girls, came to the number of fifty. The exposition was a complete success. Exposition Hall was crowded to the hay-mows, and the mulatto man, with his docile elephant, were the finest troupe that had ever acted, and the greatest show that had ever been exhibited in the town of Montgomery. This village was founded in 1803. Its growth was-slow for many years. It had but two hundred and seventy inhabitants by the census of 1830. About 1872, however, its prospects improved by the advent of city people looking about for eligible sites for suburban resi dences; older citizens began to improve their property, and some to build. The demand for building material led to the establishment of several new saw-mills, and in due time a new and more nearly straight road to Montgomery station was made. Since then a number of suburban homes have been made at the village. Its population, .by the census of 1880, was two hundred and ninety-eight. The Presbyterian church at Montgomery was organized in 1819. Rev. Daniel Hayden was the first pastor. His successors were, in order, the Rev. Messrs. L. G. Gains, C. Harrison, David McDonald, Jonathan Edwards, D.D., G. M. Hair, J. Stewart, J. H. Gill, McKinney, and T. F. Cortelym, who held the pastorate for many years after 1862. The Methodist Episcopal society here was organized very early. It occupies a good frame meeting-house, to which a bell of half a ton's weight was added in 1873. The Universalist church was organized in 1837, and built a church edifice soon after. The first regular preacher was the Rev. Mr. Pingley. The Rev. J. H. Henley was among his successors. The Masonic and Odd Fellows' orders are well represented in Montgomery. A lodge of the former was organized here in 1828, with S. W. Robinson, W. M.; James G. Cross, S. W.; and Abraham Crist, J. W. The Odd Fellows' lodge was constituted in 1865. The first notice of this place in literature probably occurs in Thomas' Travels Through the Western Country, a record of journeyings in 1816. He says in this: At Montgomery, a village of a dozen houses, twelve miles from Cincinnati, we stopped to see a carding-machine which was turned by the treading of a horse on a wheel. A circular floor is attached to the upright, shaft, which is so much inclined as constantly to present to him a small ascent. He is blindfold, and his traces ate fastened to a beam. On stepping the wheel moves towards him. Near this place peaches and apples load the trees, especially those on the hills; and this pleasing appearance continued. About ten years after this the village was visited by an august wayfarer, in the person of his highness Bernhard, duke of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach, who deigned to give the hopeful hamlet a call and a notice in his book. His readable volume of Travels Through North America During 1825 and 1826, contains the following paragraph. His august highness, however, probably bunching his recollections together, has located Governor Jeremiah Morrow at Montgomery; when, as a matter of fact, he never lived there, but outside of the county, in Warren county, but eight miles above Montgomery and four miles from Loveland, at Foster's Crossing, near the old State road. He lies buried, however, in this county, at the old Sycamore church in Symmes township: Fourteen miles from Cincinnati we reached a little country town Montgomery—of very good appearance, surrounded with handsome fields. A few years past there was nothing but a oods here, as the roots which still exist bea1 testimony. They cultivate Indian corn and wheat, which is said to succeed better here than in the State of Indiana. The dwelling of the governor consists of a plain frame house, situated on a little elevation not far from the shore of the Little Miami, and is entirely surrounded by fields. The business of the State calls him once a month to Columbus, the seat of government, and the remainder of his time he passes at his country seat, occupied with farming, a faithful copy of an ancient Cincinnatus. He was engaged, on our arrival, in cutting a wagon-pole, but he immediately stopped his HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 393 work to give us a hearty welcome. He appeared to be about fifty years of age; is not tall, but thin and strong, and has an expressive physiognomy, with dark and animated eyes. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and was one of the first settlers in the State of Ohio. He offered us a night's lodging at his house, which invitation we received very thankfully. When seated around the chimney-fire in the evening, he related to us a great many of the dangers and difficulties the first settlers had to contend with. READING. This, by far the largest village in Sycamore, containing nearly one-third of its entire population, is situated just east of Lockland, on the east side of the East fork of Mill creek, and upon the Dayton Short Line railroad and the Lebanon turnpike, about one and a half miles from the south. It is one of the oldest villages in the county, having been laid out February 2, 1804, by Abram Voorhees, one of the very earliest settlers in this part of the township. It is said, indeed, that lots or small tracts of ground for residence, was offered for sale here as early as 1798 and '99. The village has been more fortunate than other old villages in the Mill Creek valley, having risen to be the most populous village in the county. In 1830 it had a population of but two hundred, but in 1860 had one thousand two hundred and thirty-five, in 1870, one thousand five hundred and seventy-five, and in 1880, one thousand nine hundred and eighty-three. No other village in- the county exhibits such a growth. The great industry in Reading is the manufacture of ready made clothing, for which there are eleven shops here, employing more than a hundred hands, with a large weekly pay roll. Their product is disposed of mainly in Cincinnati, which is the greatest clothing mart in the world. There are also marble works, stone yards, and quarries, a cigar factory (formerly two such factories), several carriage and car manufactures, a planing mill and lumber yard, and other industries. From the founder the place took in early times the name of Vooheesetown. In 1809 a teacher from Newport, Kentucky, subscribing himself "Robert Stubbs Philom," who was, or became the editor of Browne's Cincinnati Almanac, took a tour through parts of Ohio and Pennsylvania, the notes whereof were published in the almanacs for the next two years. As he neared Cincinnati on his return he passed through Reading, to which he gives the following notice: From Lebaum I passed to Reading, a town laid out on the North fork of Mill creek by Mr. Abraham Voorheese ; on which account it is well known by the name of Voorheese-town. Here are two or three taverns, and about twenty houses. The adjacent country is very thickly settled. Mill creek is a fine stream, on which are several mills ; and the bottoms through which it flows are of a very rich soil. The following. named gentlemen have been numbered among the mayors of Reading : 1866-8, 1870-4--C. H. Helmkamp. 1869—Louis Melinda. The Catholic church of Saints Peter and Paul, in charge of the Rev. Fathers J. Brunnan and E. Fisher, is located in Reading. Its present church edifice was built in 1860, at a cost of nine thousand dollars, upon the site of an old one, which was then torn down. A handsome pastoral residence is also owned by the church. The school-house belonging to the church, was built in 1863, and cost over three thousand dollars. It is occupied by a large parochial school, with four departments, and an attendance of about three hundred. The confraternities of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and of the Rosary, also the Sodality of the Blessed Virgin Mary, are connected with the church. The Mount Notre Dame Young Ladies' Boarding School, and the Catholic Institution, is situated near Reading. The German Lutherans are also numerous in Reading. They have St. Paul's church, under the pastorate of the. Rev. L. Buchold, and St. John's, ministered to by Rev. A. J. Spangenberg. The pioneer church here, however, was the Presbyterian, which long since took its departure "beyond the Rhine," or to the west side of the canal, at Lockland, in connection with which its later history has been related. Its earlier annals, drawn from the same source, the historical discourse of Rev. W. A. Hutchison, are briefly as follows: The Rev. Daniel Hayden, from 1817 to 1820, and possibly later it is thought, preached once or twice a month in a little brick school-house (sixteen by twenty-four), on the hillside in the eastern part of Reading, near or upon the present school lot. He resided a mile east of Reading. Rev. L. G. Gaines, of Montgomery, preached about as often from 1820 until the Presbyterian church of Reading was organized Friday, August 29, 1823, with Jehiel and Margaret Day, John and Elizabeth Robertson, Robert Boal, jr., and Rebekah Bates as members, and Jehiel Day and Robert Boal, jr., as ruling elders. John Gambril was the first member received on profession; Ann and Jane Brecount were the second and third so received. A brick church was put up in 1825-6.; the Rev. Benjamin Graves called as pastor March 25, 1827; a notable "grove meeting," held sometime after, which resulted in the admission of fifty-seven members at a single service, and eighteen more within the next month ; another in a grove at Sharon in 1831, where seventy-five were converted ; a colony sent off to form a church at Sharon, July 2, 1836, to which the Reading pastor also ministered; and admission into Old School and New School wings sustained in January, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-nine, both, however, under amicable, written agreement, continued to occupy the same building, and each experiencing some growth. Each, in due time, had its own meeting-house, located not far apart. In April, 1850, the Lockland Presbyterian church was organized, as a colony from the New School society in Reading; and the main growth of that branch in the two villages being here, the two New School societies were united October 14, 1870, Rev. Dr. J. G. Montfort, with Revs. T. F. Cortelym and James F. Gill, officiating at the union. Its history has since been that of the Reading and Lockland Presbyterian church, related in the history of Springfield township. Its property in Reading was deeded to the cemetery authorities, and the receiving vault in that "God's acre" is built or brick from the old church building. The Rev. Mr. Graves, pastor before mentioned, served 50 394 - HISTORY, OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. this church from the time of his call, in 1827, until 1853, with the exception of an interval 1842--6, when the Revs. J. C. Lockwood and J. Wilkinson severally ministered unto it. Soon after his pastorate closed, the church ceased to hold services in Reading. Meanwhile the Old School branch had successfully maintained its separate existence. It was formed January 3, 1839; under the auspices of the Rev. L. G. Gaines, of seven members—James G. and Margaret Mount, John and Margaret McGrew, David McFarland; Maria Robertson and Agnes Gormond. Mount and McFarland, with David Lee and John R. Dick—two of a band of eleven who joined a few days afterwards, were the first ruling elders. After ceasing to occupy the brick church jointly with their New School brethren, they met for a time in a neighboring and vacant log cabin, then in a brick dwelling owned by David Lee on Main street, and continued to meet there until 1843, when their own church building, still standing in Reading, near the site of the older Presbyterian edifice, was completed. For some years the society was united with that .at Pleasant Ridge, and for three years from 1855 with the Montgomery Presbyterians. The church grew in numbers and influence for many years, and had not fallen seriously into decline when, following the union of the Old and New School wings at the general assemblies of 1869, the church at Reading was united .with the New School branch at Lockland, October 14, 1876, under the union name of the Lockland and Reading Presbyterian church. Among the clergymen who ministered to the society during the generation of 1839--70, Mr. Hutchison enumerates the Rev. Messrs Adrian Aten, S. J. Miller, H. R.. Naylor, Samuel Cleland, Edward Wright, Samuel Hair, C. P. Jennings, John Stewart, John McRae, L. D. and S. S. Potter, W. H. Moore and James McGill. The last named of these was in the pastorate at the time of the union, and ministered for several months to the united congregation. He had been in charge of the Reading church as long before as 1853, but resigned to enter the service of the board of missions, and did not resume his pastorate until January, 1866. Since his retirement in 1871, the pastors of the church have been but two—the Revs. W. A. Hutchinson and S. C. Palmer. The 'rest 0f The story has been told in the history of Springfield township. SHARONVILLE is situated on the Short Line railway, at the point where it crosses the East fork of Mill creek, two miles distant from the north and west lines of the township, respectively, at the southeast corner of section thirty. It is also an ancient village, having been laid out May 30, 1818, by Messrs. Josephus Myers, Simon Hagerman, Philemon Mills and Abijah Johns. It had ninety-five inhabitants in 1830, and by the last census, taken half a century, had a population of four hundred and sixty-nine. The post office, anciently Sharonville, was discontinued some time before 1840, but has since been restored under the same name. The Sharon Improvement company was formed about 1875, for the improvement' and sale of a subdivision of a tract of about four hundred acres adjoining this place, the property of Mrs. Catharine S. Anderson. It has not yet manifested much activity, however. THE CENSUS of 1830 showed up a population of two thousand seven hundred and seventy-nine in Sycamore township. Fifty years later, in June, 1880, it made a footing of six thousand three hundred and seventy-one, against six thousand five hundred and eighty-four in 1870. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. COLONEL W. H. HILL. Colonel William H. Hill, of Sharonville, was born January. 21, 1826, in Humilstown, Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, and is of German descent. His father, Michael. was a merchant, having a store of general merchandise. He died in the east, when William was quite young. about nine years old. The widowed mother, a noble woman, moved with her family of five children from Fort Hunter, Dauphin county, to Winchester, Randolph county, Indiana, in 1839, by team. Here she gave her children the best education in her power, that afforded by the common school. His first effort in business was when, ne was quite young, under nine years of age, in the selling of candies. His capital was twenty-five cents, which, by selling and reinvesting, in a little over one year he increased to more than one hundred dollars. This sum, after removing to the west, his mother invested with other funds in purchasing a home at Winchester, where the colonel to this day is known by the ,old citizens as "the garden spader," because he was regularly employed by them nearly every spring to spade their gardens. After the death of his mother, ip 1844 or 1845, his first step upon leaving school was to learn the carding and spinning trade, in which he was engaged until the fall of 1850, when he commenced for himself the mercantile and milling business, which was prosecuted with the great energy characteristic of Colonel Hill. During his mercantile life he was connected with and had the management of three different mercantile houses, and purchased for two others in the eastern cities. During the same period he was the owner and manager of two mercantile houses in the same place, running one house against the other, and s0 well was this managed that his own family was not aware that he owned both. This singular business freak was in order to have competition and draw trade to his own town, which old citizens, after learning of it, admitted was a complete success. In 1862, while Colonel Hill was in the milling business, when the great war of the Rebellion was fully inaugurated, and all the loyal sons of the United States were preparing to defend our flag, he was among the first to settle his business, enroll his name and organize a company, which was embodied in the Eighty-first regi- HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 395 ment of Ohio volunteer infantry. He was chosen captain of company A, after which he was promoted to lieutenant colonel of the same regiment, and breveted colonel on the twelfth day of August, 1864. While in the line of his duty in front of Atlanta, Colonel Hill received a gun-shot wound in the left hand and was sent to the hospital in Cincinnati. Before he had sufficiently recovered to return to his regiment he was assigned to duty on a court-martial. As soon as he was relieved from that duty, on his own application after having been offered a discharge, he returned to his regiment, joining it at Goldsborough, North Carolina, and remained with it until the war closed with the surrendering of General Lee. He was then mustered out with his regiment at Camp Dennison. He entered the service at the commencement of the war, as before noticed, with the rank of captain, and attained the position of lieutenant colonel with a brevet colonel's rank. His war record is one of which he and his 'friends are justly proud. Very few men who drew their swords at the commencement of that terrible struggle served their country with greater devotion through the entire Rebellion, from 1862, than did the gallant officer whose name stands at the head of our biographical sketch. On returning to civil life he found thousands of soldiers who, for various reasons, had not yet received the money due them from the United States, and, upon their solicitation, he opened, in Cincinnati, a war-claim and real estate office and was enabled greatly to aid the noble defenders of the country to collect their dues and secure pensions. It is safe to say that no claim attorney in the State had a larger business. In the spring of 1868, after suffering from a disease he had contracted in adoition to his wound in the service, he removed to a farm in Butler county, where he remained until 1870, when he moved to his valuable farm in Sycamore township, his present and no doubt future residence. During the last eleven years he has been largely engaged in farming. Beyond question Colonel Hill has grown more wheat per acre on his farm for the last three years than any other farmer in his township. In August, 1873, he assisted in organizing Eden Grange, No. 97 Patrons of Husbandry, being one of the charter members. When the Hamilton County council was instituted Colonel Hill was chosen as its first business agent, without compensation for the first year; and so well were its operations organized by him that on the twenty-ninth of July, 1874, after the council had become thoroughly organized, he was appointed financial business manager of the Ohio State grange by the State grange executive committee. He accepted the trust under protest, after having repeatedly declined and requesting others to be appointed. Locating his office at Sharonville, in a room but eight by ten feet in dimensions, business increased so rapidly that it became necessary to open another house in Cincinnati, which was done April 1, 1875, with local agents in various parts of the State. On the first day of October, 1875, the business had become so extensive, running over millions of dollars, a large warehouse was opened at No. 63 Walnut street, after which a still larger house had to be secured at 22 and 24 East Third street, with business so largely on the increase that he had to enlarge his clerical force until he retired with an increased salary offered him, February 11, 1881. In 1874 Colonel Hill was a candidate on the Republican ticket in Hamilton county for the office of county commissioner; and although he was not elected, he ran much ahead of his ticket, and his popularity in his own township was so great that he received almost the entire vote of his own precinct In 1877 he was unanimously elected to the presidency of the Hamilton County Agricultural society, and took charge January 1, 1878, when the society was at its lowest ebb, not paying more than thirty to fifty per cent on its debts and premiums. When Colonel Hill with the board reorganized, they managed to get the Patrons of Husbandry and farmers interested, so that his first fair (that of 1878), after renovating the old builoings and trimming up the grounds, enough was taken in to pay all premiums and nearly all expenses of improvements made. This success so encourage d Colonel Hill and the board, that on his second election he went to work to raise funds to rebuild, but did not succeed in getting enough to put the grounds in proper order. But the fair of 1879, like that of 1878, was a pronounced success, realizing funds sufficient to pay all premiums and debts. He was again, for the third time, elected president, and then prepared a bill and got it through the Ohio legislature, of which he was by this time a member, appropriating fifteen thousand dollars for the purchase of more grounds and improving the same, which was done during the summer of 1880, putting the grounds in such shape for that year that it was .the greatest success of any fair ever held in the county. He was once more reelected, now for the fourth term, by a unanimous vote. At this fair the association accumulated funds enough to pay all premiums and debts, and as the reports will show, had a surplus with rental of the grounds and State free, of three hundred to eight hundred dollars. Colonel Hill then drew up another bill and got an appropriation of ten thousand dollars, which will enable him and the board to make the Hamilton county fair grounds the finest of any in the State. In the fall of 1879 Colonel Hill was elected one of the Hamilton county delegation to the Sixty-fourth general assembly of the State legislature, running the second highest on the ticket. Upon the organization of the committees of the house, Colonel Hill was made chairman of the agricultural committee, and also put on the committee on turnpikes. As a legislator he was always on hand, and attentive to the interests of his constituents, very seldom losing a bill he presented to the house. On the sine die adjournment of the assembly, and returning home to his constituents, he opened, in connection with Colonel Thomas E. Spooner, his old book-keeper when in charge of the State Grange house, an agricultural warehouse and general commission business, at Nos. 13 and 15 East Third street, Cincinnati, which, from present indications, will increase as largely as his State grange business did. Colonel Hill's connection with the financial business 396 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. of the county and State granges, and his success with the Hamilton County Agriculturial society since it came under his charge, has given him a county, State and national reputation among the patrons of husbandry, and among farmers and business men generally, such as any man can be proud of. While a member of the legislature; in addition to the large amount of work sent him from his county and from the State at large, he secured for the State Agricultural society a larger appropriation than it had ever received before. Colonel Hill has long been closely interested in the education of the youth of his locality; has had charge of the management of the same in Sharonville for several years, and in his efforts to bring them to a higher standard and the establishment of graded schools, so that the children of the poor as well as the rich can be educated, is only waiting time to accomplish it. This, like the rest of his undertakings, will certainly be accomplished in due time. September 8, 1849, Colonel Hill was married to Charlotte L. Kelley, at Winchester, Indiana. Nine children have been born of this union, of whom only six are now living. SYMMES. DESCRIPTION. Symmes is one of the later and smaller townships. It was created between 1820 and 1826, solely from the eastern part of Sycamore, to which were added two tiers of sections on the west which had formerly belonged to Springfield township. It is bounded on the south by Columbia township, on the west by Sycamore, on the north by Warren county, and on the east by the Little Miami, which follows a tortuous course of nearly twelve miles along the eastern front of Symmes. When about midway of its course here, it deeply indents the township, reducing its width from the extreme breadth of a little more than four miles on a line a short distance north of West Loveland, to a trifle over a mile in the latitude of Remington, about two and one-half miles from the south line of the township. Below this point the width of the township is no where greater than three and a quarter miles on the section line next north of Camp Dennison. The length of the township on the western border and for more than a mile eastward is the same as that of Springfield and Sycamore townships—seven miles, dwindling down to nothing in the bends north and south of the great bend of the Miami. The lands of the township lie altogether in the entire range one, township five, the whole of which is in Symmes, and the southernmost tier of sections in the entire range two, township five. They comprise thirteen full and twelve fractional sections—the latter lying altogether along the Little Miami. The total number of acres is twelve thousand five hundred and thirty-eight. The boundary lines were run in this part of the Purchase with tolerable regularity, though some slightly broken ones appear in the north half of the township, and some singularly wide sections in the south part. Sections numbered thirteen, nineteen, twenty-five and thirty-one, lying in both ranges, are duplicated in this township. The little Miami railroad crosses about a mile and a half of the territory of Symmes in its southeastern part, on a line through Camp Dennison, averaging a half-mile's distance from the river. The Marietta & Cincinnati railroad enters at Allendale, near the opposite or southwest corner of the township, strikes the vicinity of the river at Remington and Montgomery stations, and thence follows the Little Miami closely, where it crosses into Clermont and shortly into Warren counties. The Cincinnati & Wooster turnpike passes through the township on the general line of the Little Miami railroad, crossing the river like that just below Miamiville. The old State road, from Columbia via Montgomery toward Chillicothe, also intersects the township, as do numerous other turnpikes and common roads. Symmes township lies almost wholly in the valley of the Little Miami, and partakes of its general character. At some distance back from the river, however, especially in the northwestern part, the hill country infringes upon the territory of the township, and variegates its topography, and to some extent its capacity of production. It is abundantly watered by several small streams, which mostly take their rise in Warren county and Springfield township, and flow into the Little Miami. Across this river are several fine bridges crossing from Symmes township—as a large iron one at Loveland, and a long bridge above Miamiville. One of the finest bridges in southern Ohio is that between Branch Hill and Symmes' Station—places respectively in Clermont and Hamilton counties, and on the little Miami and Marietta & Cincinnati railroads. It is a suspension bridge three hundred and fifteen feet long, built at the joint expense of the two counties connected by it, and costing seventy thousand dollars. It was formally dedicated and opened to travel at a great celebration at this point on the Fourth of July, 1872, when appropriate addresses were HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 397 delivered by Governor Noyes and the Honorable Samuel F. Hunt. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. The following named gentlemen have served as justices in Symmes township at the period named: 1829, Thomas Rich, Ezekiel Pollock, William Bell; 1865, George W. Brown, I. M. Migley, George Apgar; 1866, Brown and Apgar; 1867-72, Brown, W. Beard; 5873-77, Brown, A. J. Kizer; 1878-79, Kizer, A. N. Rich; 1880, Kizer, Brown. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In 1796, the advance guard of a German colony arrived from Norristown, Pennsylvania, all members of a Pietist church, which was offensive to the authorities in their native land, and from their connection with it they were compelled to leave the country. Then, and within three years, the following named came: Christian Waldschmidt (commonly Waldsmith), Ludwig Freiberger, George Harner, Johannes Kugler, Andreas Freis, Wilhelm Lauden, Joseph Bohne, Jacob Lefeber, Hans Leckie, Christian Ogg, Friederick Beckenbach, Kasper Spaeth, Samuel Ruethi, Hans Rodecker, Valentine Weigans, Hans Maddern, Daniel Prisch, Samuel Bachenheim (Buckingham), Andreas Orth, Johannes Montag. They stopped for a time at Columbia, exploring the back country, and presently decided upon locating at the tract since known as "Big Bottom." Waldschmidt and Harner were the moneyed men of the party, and they made purchases from Judge Symmes of a sufficient quantity for the entire colony, getting most of it for about one dollar per acre. The following account of the journey and settlement is given by Mr. Thomas Fitzwater, a descendant of William Fitzwater, who settled in, Clermont county. Mr. Fitzwater was a little boy at the time. The narrative is given in the History of Clermont county, recently published : C. Waldsmith, our own family, and four other families started for this State on or near the first of May, 1796. I have but little recollection of the journey to Juniata; but I recollect that place. The next place I recollect seeing was Bedford Springs; then nothing more until we came to Redstone. Here we were detained near three weeks waiting for our flat-boats. At Pittsburgh we met General Wayne's regular army. I have a distinct recollection of seeing the soldiers firing the cannon; then the drum would beat and the fife would play a short time. The army was then going to Erie. General Wayne died the next October. A day or two after leaving Pittsburgh, Christopher Waldsmith was walking on a sand-bar, when he picked up a fife which looked very ancient. The brass on the ends was black and somewhat corroded, and it was full of sand. It was supposed it had been in the river since Braddock's defeat—nearly forty-one years. I saw the fife hundreds of times in after years. They lent it to an old revolutionary fifer, and never recovered it again. The Ohio River was low, and the three flat-boats had great difficulty in getting along. They only travelled in the daytime, always tieing up to the shore at night. At the mouth of Bracken river two families left and went into Kentucky. After being on the river seven weeks, we landed at Columbia. The Miami was pouring out muddy water and driftwood, This was the first sight I got of that river. Not far above the mouth of the Miami the boat which contained Waldsmith's family ran aground. The four men and a boy tried to get it afloat that afternoon and into the night, but did not succeed. The next morning another boat came along, when they hailed the inmates for assistance. This boat landed close to ours, and I recollect seeing three or four go to the boat which was aground; in two or three hours the boat was afloat. About twenty years ago old Father Durham told me the same story, and further said that Waldsmith was so pleased to get his boat afloat that he told them he would give them ten gallons of whiskey for their services. They bought a keg which held three gallons, and he filled that. It was about the middle of July when we landed at Columbia. In fifteen or eighteen days, after the Miami got low, we arrived at our journeyts end. Waldsmith went vigorously to work building a mill. Some time in the summer of 1797 I saw the frame of his grist-mill put up. 'That same fall he started one 1un of stones, and also two copper stills for making whiskey. This year (1797) Matthias Kugler came to the territory. I have heard him laughingly tell about his losing his hat in the 1iver, and shoes he had none on when he started. He was landed at Columbia in a skiff; when he arrived within reach of shore he jumped as far as he could, but lighted in the soft, black mud, where it was so deep he got mired. Afte1 some floundering about, he got to solid ground. He then had ten miles to travel, without shoes or hat, and his legs well plastered with mud. He arrived at his stepfather’s the same night. Soon after he commenced working for Waldsmith, and in September, 1798, he married his daughter. The Riggs came from the State of Delaware, starting with three thousand dollars in gold, a negro man worth eight hundred dollars, a wagon, and four good horses. They came to the Redstone country, and stayed there some time. He had a son and daughter living there. It is probable they stayed' over winter, as early in the spring of 1790 they stopped at Limestone. Here his negro man gave them the slip, and they never again saw him. Old William Riggs sold the chance of him for one hundred dollars. Landing at Columbia, they put the wagon together out on shore, and tied the horses to the tongue, two boys sleeping in the wagon. Next morning every horse was gone, and they never saw them again. They could not ascertain whether Indians or white people took them. The next I knew of them they were at Covalt's station, in 1791, raising a crop of corn. The fall after, Timothy Covalt and Major Riggs took a basket, intending to bring in a basket of pawpaws; crossed the Miami somehow, arrived at the foot of the gravelly hills east of John Kuglerts distillery, and were there fired on by three Indians, from the brow of the hill, fifteen or eighteen yards distant. The Indians raised the yell. Covalt, being a few yards in the rear, seeing Riggs fall, wheeled and ran. The Indians followed him to the waterts edge. He ran through the Miami, and when over met men from the station coming to their assistance. The Indians got Riggs' scalp, but they were too much hurried to take any part of his clothing. Shortly after the news of St. Clairts defeat reached the station. His mothe1 was so near fretted out of her senses that they packed up and went somewhere into Kentucky. How long they stayed there I don't know—probably over the next winter. When they came back, finding the stations much stronger, and things better prepared for defence, they ventured to one of the frontier stations,—I think to Jarrettts (Gerrard's) station. This station was near where Turpints house now stands. Waldsmith, about 1840, founded the village of Germany, a small plat south of the present Camp Dennison, and near the southeast corner of the township, on the turnpike road running north and south through the township. It was a short-lived hamlet, and little sign of it now remains, except the old stone dwelling of Wald-smith on the turnpike, bearing the date 1808, and being the oldest stone dwelling in the county, except one —the old residence of Colonel Sedam, near Gaff, Fleischmann & Company's distillery, at Sedamsville. He also built the first paper-mill in the country west of Redstone. In the early spring of 1810 the mill there was burned, and the river frozen up. The Spy and Gazette, at Cincinnati, was obliged to suspend publication for want of paper, and Carpenter, the publisher, was also caught with a contract on his hands for printing the Territorial laws. In this emergency Waldsmith, who had been an expert paper-maker in Europe, was urged to try his hand here, and, in a rude way at first, he made enough soon to start the Cincinnati presses again. The Spy started again, after a suspension of a month and a half; and Waldsmith's success encouraged him to enlarge and 398 - HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO. otherwise improve his facilities. The Liberty flail of December 1, a 1, contains this advertisement: Christian Waldsmith is now preparing in his paper-mill another vat, and will employ some experienced hands, who understand how to work at the vat, in the paper-making business. Such will find encouragement at his mill on the Little Miami. . . . Store-keepers and printers may be supplied with all kinds of paper at the store of Baum & Perry, Cincinnati, or at the mill. Waldsmith's paper-mill stood on the island in the Little Miami, near the southwest corner of Symmes township, opposite the saw-mill, which was upon the mainland near his house. This sturdy old German pioneer and his son died in March, 1814, of the "cold plague." Another note of operations in this 1egion in the early day is found in the Cincinnati Almanac of 1811, which says that October loth of the previous year a company had been formed at Round Bottom, thirteen miles from Cincinnati, with one thousand shares of stock of fifty dollars each. The directors of the company were Andrew Megrue, Thomas Sloop, Jacob Broadwell, Michael Debolt, James C. Morris, William Lytle, John Smith, William Bardley, Enoch Buckingham, Thomas R. Ross, Thomas Heckewelder. Mr. Broadwell was president, and Mr. Sloo cashier of the company. About the same time the Bockenheims, or Bucking-hams, had a small saw-mill on the bank of the Little Miami, opposite Miamiville. Elsewhere, further north on the Little Miami, the Cincinnati Paper Fabric company has its buildings. Jabez Reynolds, oldest child of William and Elizabeth Reynolds, was born in Washington county, Rhode Island, January 31, 1803, emigrated to Pennsylvania in the year 1829, and remained there until the year 1832, when he came to Cincinnati, Hamilton county, Ohio, and has been a resident of the county since that time. He was married to Miss Mercy Oatley, daughter of John and Susan Oatley, of South Kingston, Washington county, Rhode Island, March 22, 1825. The fruit of this union was ten children : William B., born May 17, 1826; Elizabeth, born February 16, 1828; Lydia, born June 26, 183o; William, born December 20, 1832; Charles O., born April 25, 1835; Jabez, born December 4, 1836; Caroline E., born January 26, 1838; Mercy, born November 3, 1840; Jabez, born April 25, 1843; Thomas H., born September 13, 1845. Of these, but five are still living-Lydia, William, Mercy, Jabez, and Thomas H.-all married. Lydia married William Phipps, and is a resident of Norwood, Hamilton county, Ohio. William Married Bell Ashcraft, and is a resident of Bond Hill, Hamilton county, Ohio. Mercy married Hiram D. Rodgers, and is a resident of Linwood, Hamilton county, Ohio. Jabez married Miss Estella Sanders, and is a resident of New York. Thomas H. married twice-first to E. P. Pullen; the second time he married Adelia B. Conklin, and is a resident of Bond Hill, Hamilton county, Ohio. Mr. Reynolds is a member of the Quaker church. Jonathan T. Martin, sixth child and fourth son of Robert and Jane Martin, was born in Chenango county, New York, January 4, 1818. The subject of our sketch emigrated to Ohio, Hamilton county, with his father when he was but a year old, and has been a resident of the county ever since. Mr. Martin was married to Miss Elizabeth Lucky, daughter of Henry and Sarah Lucky, who was born in New York, October 9, 1814. They were married in February, 1841, and to them have been born seven children-William, Henry, Robert T., John, Sarah A., George, Jane. Of these, four are living-William, Henry, Robert T., and John. Although Mr. Martin is not a member of a church, he is a strong advocate of law and order. The subject of our sketch is one of Hamilton county's enterprising farmers, and one of its worthy and respected citizens. John E. Rude, son of Zala Rude, was born in Symmes township, Hamilton county, August 29, 1820, and has since been a resident of Hamilton county. He was married to Miss Christiana Apgar, daughter of Daniel P. Apgar, November 23, 1857. To them have been born nine children-Isabel, Frank P., Catharine, John E., Lizzie, Anna, Peter S., Hannah and Robert. All living and still at home. Mr. Rude is a member in the Christian church. Oliver P. Buckingham, son of William Buckingham, was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, August 30, 183o, and has been a resident of the county all his life. He was married to Miss Eliza J. Weller, daughter of John W. Weller, November 24, 1852. They have four children-Lola, Frorence, Montford and Lee-all living at home. Mr. Buckingham lost his wife July 14, 1880, at the age of forty-nine years. William B. Cunningham, son of John Cunningham, was born in Symmes township, Hamilton county, November 28, 1829, and has been a resident of this county all his life with the exception of about two years. He was married twice-first to Miss Selina Pancost, daughter of Enoch Pancost, February 28, 1855. She died February 22, 1866. He was married the second time to Miss Mary R Montford, daughter of William P. Mont-ford, June 25, 1867. To them have been born seven children-Mary B., Edwin M., Charles W., James C., Francis L., Joseph F. and Florence-all living and at home. Mrs. Cunningham is a member of the Catholic church. Our subject is now serving his seventh year as trustee of Symmes township and is in every way a worthy and excellent citizen. Rachel Price, seventh child of Frederick Buckingpaugh, was born in Symmes township, Hamilton county, February 28, 1808, and has been a resident of the county all her life. She was married to Nimrod Price January 19, 1823. To them have been born ten children-Martha J., Marcus S., Marious B., Amanda M., Malen F., John N., Milton D., Ennis J., Albert P. and William P. Of them nine are living, Albert being dead. Mrs. Price is a member in the Universalist church. She has reached the ripe old age of seventy-four years. Levi Buckingham, a native of Delaware, emigrated to Ohio in the year 1788, and took up a section of land in Symmes township. He then returned to Pennsylvania, and in 1794 returned to his land with his brother, Enoch Buckingham. The first thing they did was to build a log cabin to shelter the family. The Indians were very HISTORY OF HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO - 399 troublesome at that time, and a man was fined who went t0 church without a gun. Levi Buckingham was the father of six children-William L., Lizzie, Isaac, Jane, Maria and Lydia H. Of these but two are still living-William and Maria. William S. Buckingham was born in Symmes township, Hamilton county, August 26, 1811, and has been a resident of the county all his life. He was married twice-first to Miss Elizabeth Harris, in 1834; she died the same year. He was married the second time to Miss Nancy \ Sanders, daughter of Meeryarter Sanders, of Tennessee, September 22, 1835. To them, has been born one child -Jane-who married John ()nail, and is a resident of Symmes township. Mr. and Mrs. Buckingham are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and are among its liberal supporters. Maria Buckingham, daughter of Levi Buckingham, was born in Symmes township, Hamilton county, August 6, 1818, and has always been a resident of this county. She now lives on part of the section of land on which her father settled in 1794. She superintends her own farm. Horace Buckingham, son of Enoch Buckingham, who settled in Hamilton county in 1794, was born in Hamilton county, September 22, 1806, and lived in Hamilton county until about the year 1832, when he moved to Clermont county, and was a resident there to the time of his death. He was the father of eight children : Agnes, Charles, Albert, Louisa, Oregan, Lewis, Walter, and Victor ; of these six are still living. Albert, the third child, was born in Clermont county, Ohio, June 16, 1839, and remained in Clermont until October, 1877. He was married twice, first to Miss Virginia Doyle, December 6, 1860, who died March 29, 1871. The fruit of this union was three children : Effie, Alvin, and Horace ; all living, and still at home. Henry Nenfarth, jr., son of Henry and Katie Nenfarth, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, in 1837. He emigrated to America, and settled in Hamilton county, in 1845, since which time he has been a resident of the county. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Miller, daughter of George Miller, January 2, 1869. They have six children : William, Katie, Henry J., Anna I)., George E. and Cary; all living, and at home. Henry Nenfarth, sr., son of Jacob and Catharine Nenfarth, was born in the Grand Dutchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany; May 8, 1827 ; emigrated to America with his father, and settled in Hamilton county, May 27, 1839, and has been a resident of the county since that time. He was married to Magdaline Sur, daughter of John Sur, July 23, 1850. The children are Kate, Clara, Malinda, Amanda, Sophia, Julia, Ellen, and Magdaline. Kate, Clara, Sophia and Ellen are still living. Kate is married to William Birchfield, and is a resident of Lock-land, Hamilton county ; Clara is married to Morris Linke; the other two are still single and living at home. Mr. and Mrs. Nenfarth are both members of church, Mr. Nenfarth of the Evangelical, and Mrs. Nenfarth of the Catholic Church. Mr. Nenfarth is a redistiller by trade ; had worked at that trade for about sixteen years, up to the time he moved on his farm, in March, 1873, since that time he has been farming in Symmes township. His father set out the first vineyard in the garden of Eden, now Eden Park, in the year 1844. Charles J. Link, son of John H. Link, was born in Saxton, Germany, February 8, 1807 ; he emigrated to America and settled in Hamilton county in the fall of 1856, and has remained a resident of the county. He was married to Miss Hannah Crouse, daughter of Charles H. Crouse, in May, 1834. To them have been born fourteen children : Richard, Caroline, Hannah, Minnie, Henry, Augustus, Mary, Augusta, Ida, Robert, Morris, Gustavus, Clara and Charlotte ; of these eight are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Link are both members of the Lutheran church. Up to the time of his emigration Mr. Link worked at the wagonmakers' trade; since he has been in America he has been farming. Jacob Klick, oldest child of Peter and Louisa Klick, was born in Bavaria, Germany, December 30, 1809, and emigrated to America January r, 1832. He settled in Butler county, and remained until the year 1857, when he moved to Hamilton county, and has been a resident of the county ever since. The subject of our sketch has been married three times-first to Louisa Fisher, of Butler county, in the fall of 1832; the second wife, married in 1838, was Miss Martha Fetherly, of Indiana; the third wife was Margaret Hinkle, a resident of Butler county, married in the fall of 1848. Mr. Klick is the father of eleven children, five by his first and six by his last wife, Louisa: James, Amelia, Catharine, Mary A., Ella, Jacob, Laura, William H., George and Ida, all living but James, Amelia and Ella. Mrs. Klick is an earnest member in the Presbyterian church. Philip Weller, oldest child of John W. and Elizabeth Weller, was born in Symmes township, Hamilton county, June 8, 1817, and has resided here ever since. He was married to Miss Belinde Vorhees, daughter of Albert Vorhees, April 1, 1840. To them have been born eleven children: Melissa, Robert E., John W., Anna E., Jane, Edwin, Mary, Perry, Frank, Cass and Florence, all living but Melissa, Anna E. and Frank. Mrs. Weller died August 18, 1862. Mr. Weller is one of the model farmers of Hamilton county. He has served one term as treasurer of Symmes township. George Miller, child of Adam and Dora Miller, was born in Hussian, Germany, July 18, 1811, and emigrated to America, settling in Hamilton county, Ohio, in the year 1854, and has been a resident of the county ever since. He was married to Miss Mary Krebs, daughter of Peter Krebs, in May, 1839. To them have been born eight children: Henry, John, Cary, Lizzie, William, Lena, Barney and George. But three of these are living: Lizzie, William and George. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are both members of the Evangelical Lutheran church. Philip Sauerback, son of Philip and Anna Sauerback, was born in Germany December 12, 1827. He emigrated to America, Hamilton county, Ohio, in the year 1856, and has been a resident of the county ever since. He was married twice-first to Elizabeth Brigner, and the second time to Mrs. Anna Lell, widow of George