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BENJAMIN F. EHRMANN. The next Homeopathic physician in point of time, whom we find among the pioneers of southern Ohio, is Dr. Benjamin F. Ehrmann. He, was born in Jack-Haussen, Germany, and emigrated to the United States in 1834. He acquired his medical education at the Allentown Academy and took his degree from the Hahnemann Homeopathic Medical College of Philadelphia. He afterward settled for a time in Harrisburgh, Penn. In 1843 we find him in Chillicothe, Ohio, practicing his profession. In 1849 he removed to Cincinnati and formed a partnership with Dr. Pulte. At the expiration of the partnership he purchased property adjoining his former office and continued to practice until a few months previous to his death, which occurred in March, 1886.

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ISEDORICH EHRMANN, M. D., a brother of Dr. Benjamin F. Ehrmann, was born in Jack Haussen, Germany, and received his medical education at the University of Quebingein. Soon after receiving his degree in medicine he emigrated to the United States, and arrived at New York in the spring of 1833, his first place of residence being Carlisle, Penn. Not content, however, with his professional prospects here, he soon afterward removed to Baltimore. Md. In 1857 we find him in full and active practice in the city of Buffalo, N. Y. Upon the encouragement from his brother in Cincinnati he was induced to remove to that city, where he rapidly acquired a large and profitable practice. He was known as one of the oldest homeopathic physicians in the State. He is now deceased.

H. P. GATCHELL, M. D., was born in Hollowell, Maine, and graduated at Bowdoin College, Maine. He carne west and graduated in medicine at the Louisville Medical College. Not, being satisfied with the prevailing system of therapeutics of the day, he, in 1842, obtained some French works on Homeopathy. He investigated the system, experimented with it, and soon satisfied himself that it was the most. important contribution to medical science that had ever been made, and ever after was one of its leading exponents. In 1843, Dr. Gatchell Married Miss Anna Crane, of Cincinnati, who with five sons survives him. In 1848 he accepted the professorship of anatomy in the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, meantime practicing homeopathy, and through his influence Dr. Storm Rosa was invited to lecture in the institute the following year. In 1850 Dr. Gatchell removed to Cleveland, and accepted a professorship in the Western College of Homeopathy. For some years he was connected with a sanitarium in Asheville, N, C., a popular health resort. He died about 1887, and his sons continue the work.

DR. DAVIS. In July, 1849, Dr. Davis, a very skillful and intelligent physician, opened a pharmacy and a free dispensary in Cincinnati, and during the cholera epidemic which; then prevailed, rendered very efficient pioneer work in behalf of Homeopathy. Many of the citizens had become quite thoroughly demoralized on account of the alarming mortality of the epidemic under allopathic practice, and patronized the pharmacy with the utmost liberality for preventive medicines, which were now quite well known to both profession and laity. After a few years Dr. Davis disposed of his pharmacy and left the city, and we have been unable to trace his further history.

JAMES G. HUNT, M. D., ryas born in Cincinnati, Ohio, June 12, 1821. He received a good literary education at Woodward College, of that city, and graduated in medicine from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, in March, 1848, He entered into partnership in practice with Prof. P. L. Hill. In 1852 they issued jointly a work upon homeopathic surgery. In 1853 he retired from the profession for a short time, but such were its attractions to him that he soon returned again, and continues in it to the present time. He enjoys good health, and a fair practice mostly limited to chronic diseases.

A. SHEPHERD, M. D., graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute in Cincinnati, March, 1849, and immediately moved to Springdale, Hamilton Co., Ohio, and commenced the practice of homeopathy. So far as known, Dr. Shepherd was the only homeopathic physician at that time between Cincinnati and Dayton. In a few years Dr. Shepherd moved to Glendale, Hamilton Co., Ohio, and bought and improved a handsome property in which he resided. He accumulated considerable wealth, as the result of a long and industrious professional life. He is now deceased, and two sons honor their father by adopting his profession,

ADOLPH BAUER, M. D., was born and educated in Germany. He became a citizen of Cincinnati about 1848. He soon acquired a large practice among the best citizens, which clung to him under the most severe trials. No one could retain a firmer hold upon his patrons than Dr. Bauer. He died in 1867, lamented by a large number of his fellow citizens. Dr. Bauer was always regarded as a friend to the afflicted poor.

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GERHARD SAAL, M.D., arrived in this country from Germany about the year 1846. In 1847 we find him practicing homeopathy in Springfield, Ohio, whence, in 1852, he cattle to Cincinnati, and formed a partnership with E. C. Witherell, M. D. He was a highly educated German, and immediately occpied the front rank in the profession in Cincinnati. He assisted in the organization of the Pulte Medical College, and accepted the chair of Clinical Medicine and Hygiene in the college. He died in Cincinnati in the slimmer ^-of 1873, much lamented by all who had the honor of his personal acquaintance.

EDWIN C. WITHERELL, M. D., late a professor of anatomy in the Western College of Homeopathy in Cleveland, Ohio, removed from Cleveland to Cincinnati in the spring of 1852. He had spent two years in Europe, preparing himself for the higher duties of his profession. He was an agreeable, courteous gentleman, and won the respect and confidence of all who knew him. He had a select and eminently respectable practice among the most prominent citizens. Dr. Witherell died of cholera in 1866.

Dr. JAMES HOPPLE, who died at his residence on Spring Grove avenge, Cincinnati, September 5, 1891, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 6, 1816, and was a son of Casper and Anna Marie Hopple, His mother's great-grandmother was a sister of Admiral van Tromp, of Holland. His father came from Philadelphia to Cincinnati in 1787, and established the first tobacco and snuff manufactory west, of the Alleghany Mountains, on the site now occupied by the electric plant and water works of the Farmers and Drovers Stock Yards.

Dr. Hopple read medicine under the tutorship of Dr. W. W. Dawson, was graduated from the Ohio Medical College, and for several years enjoyed a very lucrative practice. In 1866, he, in company with his son James C., purchased the business of Parker (1t. B,), Hopple & Company, wholesale grocers, and in 1880 the firm assumed the title of James C. Hopple A-, Company, admitting Casper van Tromp Hopple. Eight years later the firm became Hopple, Flach & Company, a few mouths previous to the death of James C. Hopple. Casper van Tromp Hopple is the only survivor. The last named _gentleman was educated in the public schools of Cincinnati, Chickering Institute, and Eminence College, leaving the latter at the end of his junior year.. He soon after entered the mercantile business in which he is still engaged. On October 9, 1890, the Farmers and Drovers Stock Yard Company, of which he was made president,, was organized, and on May 15, of the following year. the yards were ready for operation. The property, adjoining the Union Stock Yards, covers two acres, and is three stories high. thus making six acres of pens, and there are four acres additional now in course of construction. Mr. Hopple was married January 8, 1880, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Capt. William Hanna. of Cincinnati, and they have one child, William H. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church, and he is a member of the Order of Elks; in his political views he favors the Democratic party. The family reside in the old Hopple homestead on Spring Grove avenue.

JONATHAN TAFT, physician and surgeon, and Doctor of Dental Surgery, No. 122 West Seventh street, Cincinnati, was born in Russelville, Brown Co.. Ohio, September 17, 1820, a son of Lyman and Hannah (Waite ) Taft, natives of Massachusetts and Ohio, respectively, both born of American ancestry. Lyman Taft, who was the second son of Cheney and Chloe (White) Taft. was born in Goshen. Mass., November 17, 1795, and received his education in the public schools of Williamstown, the seat of Williams College. His father was a joiner by trade, born May 3, 1771, and his mother was a descendant of Peregrine White, of the "Mayflower" band. At the age of seventeen he enlisted in the army of the war of 1812, but on the way to Boston was taken sick, and left by his company at Springfield. Upon his recovery he was sent home, where he remained until about the age of nineteen, when he and his brother Nowell left home and started for the "Far West," They traveled

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to central New York, where his brother remained, but Lyman proceeded into Pennsylvania. where he passed the winter of 1818, teaching school, alter which he wended his way into Ohio, and taught school there. After stopping a short time at Manchester, Adams Co., Ohio, where he learned that a teacher was wanted in the interior of the State, he made his way to a flourishing settlement on Brush creek, a branch of the Scioto river, where he taught school for about a year. During part of the time he was thus engaged he lived in the family of Mr. Jonathan Waite, whose eldest daughter, Hannah, became his wife in the winter of 1819. Soon after his marriage he removed to Russelville, Brown county, where he remained about two years, and then returned to the neighborhood of his father-in-law, where he bought a farm, which he cultivated according to the knowledge of agriculture in those early days. He was also a carpenter by trade, and had quite an extensive business among the early settlers. After teal years he removed to the vicinity of Decatur, Ohio, where he lived about eight years, and then removed to Ripley, and later to Xenia, and still later to Rome, Adams county, where he lived for about seven years, serving as postmaster the most of this time. In 1870 he came to Cincinnati where he remained until his death, which occurred at the residence of his son. Dr. C. R. Taft, at Wyoming, in the eighty-sixth year of his age.

About 1660 Robert Taft and his wife, Sarah, emigrated from England and settled in Hendon, Mass. Their fourth son, Joseph, born in 1680, married Miss Elizabeth Emerson, granddaughter of Joseph Emerson, the first minister of that town, and died July 18, 1747. Peter Taft, son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Emerson) Taft, was born in 1715, and married Elizabeth Cheney in 1735, after which they resided in Uxbridge. Mass. Their son, Gershom Taft, the father of Cheney Taft, was born October 29, 1739, and in 1764 married Abigail Read; he died in 1813, and his wife in 1816, the latter at the age of eighty years.

The subject of this sketch enjoyed only the advantages of a common-school education until the age of fourteen, after which he attended an academy two years, where he gained some knowledge of Greek, Latin and Mathematics. At the end of the two succeeding years, during which time he was engaged in farm work, he engaged as teacher in a common school, in which capacity he continued about four years. In 1841 he began the study or dentistry with Dr. George D. Tetor, of Ripley, Ohio, and was graduated from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery in 1850; located at Ripley, Ohio, and soon after began the practice of his profession, which is justly proud of him, making a specialty of dental surgery. He has been a member of the Ohio Dental College Association since its organization in .1852. During the last thirty years he has devoted his attention and most ardent, efforts toward the organization and support of dental associations, regarding them as incalculable benefits for the development and progress of the profession. He also became a member of the American Society of Dent-al Surgeons in 1852, of the American Dental Convention, also of the Mississippi Dental Society, and was chosen president of the former in 1863. He was one of the twenty-four gentlemen who organized the American Dental Association in 1859, and was its secretary from the date of its inception until 1868, when he was chosen as its presiding officer. Dr. Taft is also a member of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, and of the American Medical Association. His labors have been conspicuous in over seventy different professional associations, and during the past twenty-four years he has attended from fifteen to thirty societies annually. The Ohio State Dental Society, the. Northern Ohio Dental Association, and a large number of others are pleased and benefited for his being_ a member of their organizations. In 1893 be represented the State of Ohio as a member of the executive committee of the World's Columbian Dental Congress at Chicago. He is at present dean and professor of oral pathology and surgery of the College of Dental Surgery of the University of Michigan. In 1856 he became one of the editors and publishers of the "Dental Register of the West," and after

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a few years assumed sole proprietorship, which has since existed with the exception of a short period. For the past twenty-five years he has had entire editorial management and control, having in all devoted more than thirty-seven years of unceasing effort to the interest of this publication. It was issued quarterly until July, 1860, when it became a monthly, and in 1886 its title was changed to the "Dental Register." He has written numerous articles in the interest of his profession that belong to the highest order of literary and scientific efforts of this country. In 1858-59, he wrote a treatise on "Operative Dentistry," which has been adopted as a test.-book in colleges, and has been relied upon as an authority wherever the science is known. It has been translated into German and other languages, an appreciation rarely shown English works of science, and until recently unknown. The second edition was issued in 1868, the third in 1877; a fourth was called for and published in 1883, and a fifth edition is now in course of preparation. Dr. Taft was married, in 1842, to Miss Hannah Collins. daughter of Nathaniel and Nancy Collins of Ripley, Ohio, natives of Ohio and Maryland. This happy union was blessed with six children, three of whom are living: William. a dentist, Cincinnati; Alphonso, a dentist, Manistee, Mich.. and Antoinette (Mrs. Edwards), of Wyoming. Mrs. Taft died in April, 1888. and in September, 1889, the Doctor married Miss Mary E. Sabin. Dr. Taft is a member of the Orthodox Congregational Church; a Republican in his political views. He resides in Avondale.

JAMES LESLIE. This well-known and widely-respected citizen of Cincinnati has been identified with the city's growth, and material and intellectual progress, for considerably more than half a century. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in August, 1819, he inherited those well-known characteristics which have made the Scotchman an example of thrift and intelligence wherever he has cast his lot. His parents were John and Margaret (Scott) Leslie.

After acquiring a primary education in the grammar schools of his native city, our subject came with his parents to America in 1834, locating in Now York City. There as occasion afforded he followed his studies, and soon after his arrival was apprenticed to learn the trade of gold-heater to a house engaged in the manufacture of' gold leaf, and dentists' gold foil. He finished his apprenticeship in 1838, four years later, and came to Cincinnati. His brother Andrew M. had learned the goldbeater's trade a little earlier, and the two introduced that branch of manufacture in Cincinnati, in, a small plant, on the site of the present Baldwin piano store on Fourth street. The style of the firm was A. & J. Leslie. and the brothers continued business harmoniously and profitably until 1842, when James withdrew and entered Bethany College in Virginia (now West Virginia). of which the distinguished Alexander Campbell was at that, time president. After his return to Cincinnati, he succeeded his brother in the business he had established, the latter at that time entering the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, and subsequently becoming and long continuing to be one of the, leading lights of the dental profession of Cincinnati an(] the West. Dr. Leslie continued the old business until 1863. when he disposed of his interest to Messrs. Lockwood & Maguire, his two oldest apprentices, under whose ownership it was well known for many years, and both of whom are now dead. Meantime by association with his brother, whom he aided greatly in tunny practical ways, Dr. Leslie had acquired a thorough knowledge of dentistry and the requirements of the dental profession, and upon relinquishing his old business, ho opened a depot of dental supplies on Race street., at the corner of Fourth. This enterprise he carried on with much success from 1863 to 1873, when ho disposed of it, and retired finally from active life. Since that time he has given much attention to the improvement of dental materials along scientific lines, devoting himself to practical work in his laboratory to such good effect that; he has become known as one of the most original and beneficent workers for the advancement of this branch of surgical science. He was the first to discover the adaptability to the purposes of dentistry of the cohesion

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of gold, and his explanation of the principle involved laid the foundation for a new era in operative dentistry, as is fully set forth in the inaugural address of the president of the Columbian Dental Congress, at Chicago, in September, 1893. In 1877, after patient research and experiment, he succeeded in a long cherished desire to produce a crystaline form of gold for use in filling teeth. This he has since perfected and it has come to be popularly known as crystaline gold. This product of Dr. Leslie's inventive genius, scientific knowledge and patient and unselfish labor, received honorable mention at the Vienna Exposition, and the judges having such matters to consider awarded a diploma for the discovery, which was conveyed to Dr. Leslie through the United States government. The introduction of crystaline gold has been going forward gradually, but steadily. and it is now recognized as, scientifically, the best thing for the uses for which it was intended, and its adoption by the entire dental profession is only a matter of time. Crystaline gold still claims much of Dr. Leslie's attention, and he is laboring tirelessly for its perfection. About twenty years ago, the Ohio College of Dental Surgery conferred upon Dr. Leslie the degree of D. D. S., and he has for a long time been a frequent and most instructive lecturer before the classes of that institution. This work he has per formed voluntarily, and without compensation, for the good he could do in the way of advancing dental science, and adding to the sum total of practical knowledge of metallurgy in its adaptability to the uses of this profession. It, was natural for one of his studious bent and habits upon coming into a strange community, to seek the benefits of such libraries as might be in existence, and in 1839 he availed himself of all the privileges of advancement which it offered by becoming a member of the Ohio Mechanics' Institute. At this time he is probably the oldest member of this body living, and since early manhood he has done everything in his power to advance its interests. He has been a director and trustee of this institution for many years, and for two years past has been and is now its president. Dr. Leslie has all his life been an advocate of everything tending to the broadest lawful human liberty. As an abolitionist, he was in the days of the Freesoil agitation equally prominent here with Salmon P. Chase, Gemaliel Bailey, A. Hamilton. Samuel Lewis, D. Philips and others long since passed away, and a history in detail of the stormy scenes in which he participated during that period of our national history would make a most interesting volume. The same love of humanity and equal rights for all, which made him risk his financial prosperity, even his life, for the freedom of the negro, early made him a stanch advocate of female suffrage, which he still urges as opportunity offers, firm in the conviction that woman will eventually, and at no remote date, take her place side by side with man in the management of those interests which no one can deny affect the sexes in like manner. He has come to be known as one of the " Fathers of Republicanism," a title in which he takes the greatest pride, in view of the period of wonderful change and development through which he has lived. But deep as has been his political convictions, he has never interested himself in politics for personal aggrandizement, and has steadfastly declined the many offices that have been tendered him by his fellow citizens. Dr. Leslie in 1839 united with the Cincinnati Disciples' Church, now the Central Christian Church, which worshiped theo in the old Sycamore Street Baptist church, and worships now in the Central Christian church on Ninth street. During the protracted period of his membership he has constantly exerted himself for the upbuilding of the Church, and has from time to time filled every office in its gifts with the greatest devotion and the utmost fidelity.

In 1852 Dr. Leslie was married to Miss Rachel Marsh, a daughter of William E. (familiarly known as "Uncle Billy") Marsh, proprietor of the old " Gault House," which was then the center of the visible activity of the town, in which Mr. Marsh was long a conspicuous figure. Mrs. Leslie died in 1853, and in 1854 Dr. Leslie married Miss Elizabeth Orange, a native of Kentucky, who died in 1887. He has had born,

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to him six children, two of whom survive: Dollie O. Leslie, who lives with her father, and Lillie R. (widow of the late Edward P. Donnell, the inventor), a resident of Chicago. The life of Dr. Leslie has been long and eminently useful, and no man in Cincinnati more truly deserves a prominent place in the history of the rise and development of this, his adopted city.

DR. D. W. CLANCEY was born in the State of Vermont December 15, 1842, and is of Norman-Irish ancestry. His father being a farmer by occupation. his life up to his eighteenth year was spent as a farmer boy, and his education was received from the district school and academy. Like many another New England boy he looked to the West as offering a wider field to begin life, and the breaking out of the Civil war found him in the city of Cleveland. At the call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men, he enlisted for three months, and at its expiration enlisted for three years in the Seventh O. V. I. In March, 1862, he was wounded so badly at the battle of Winchester. Va., as to unfit him for military duties, and in the following June was mustered out of the service. He studied medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated from that institution in 1869. He subsequently attended and was graduated from the Philadelphia Dental College, and took up the practice of dentistry. He is widely known as a skillful and intelligent dentist, rind has enjoyed a large and lucrative practice for many years at No. 261 West. Seventh street. He is vice-president of the board of trustees of the Ohio Dental College; member of State and National Dental Societies. also member of the Academy of Medicine and of the Odontological Society of Cincinnati.

Dr. Clancey has been married three times, and has two children: Arthur H., by his first marriage, who is now a dental student, and Harrison B., a bright boy, by his present wife, whom he married in London in 1887. Dr. and Mrs. Clancey are Episcopalians in faith, she being a communicant. They worship at St. Paul's, in Cincinnati. They have a handsome country place where they spend the spring, summer and autumn.

GEORGE WASHINGTON SMITH, D. D. S., was born October 25, 1839, in Huntingdon county; Penn. His parents, Peter and Elizabeth (Shoup) Smith, descended from German ancestors who were among the earliest settlers of the American colonies, and participants in the Revolutionary struggle for American independence. A great-uncle of Dr. Smith was a miller who furnished flour for Gen. Washington's army. Peter Smith was a manufacturer of firearms, and during the Civil rebellion served as lifer for a Pennsylvania Volunteer Company. He died in Huntingdon county in 1884.

Dr. Smith is the ninth of eleven children. He was reared to rural pursuits, attended the common schools, and also received private instructions. In 1861, at the beginning of the Rebellion, he promptly enlisted to defend his country. He served three years in Company A, Forty-ninth Pennsylvania Volunteers, acting as second sergeant, and participating in many hard-fought battles, among which were Rappahannock, Seven-days fight before Richmond. Gettysburg, and Fredericksburg. On November 24, 1863. he was wounded in a charge during the battle of Rappahannock. At the expiration of his term of enlistment, he repaired to Philadelphia, where he studied dentistry. and was graduated from the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1870. He practiced in Pennsylvania until 1876, when he removed to Cincinnati, and has here built p an extensive practice. He is the inventor of several instruments now in general use by the dental fraternity. He is a prominent member of the Mississippi Valley Dental Association. Dr. Smith was married December 19, 1870, to Mary Ellen Granville Vivian, daughter of Richard Vivian, born in the State of Now York, and this union has blessed them with three children: George Vivian, Charles Stanley, and Mattie Ruby. The family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which the Doctor is steward and class leader. He is a Republican, and is highly respected by all who know him.

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GRANT MOLYNEAUX, D.D.S., while he is still a young man is one of the best known in the profession of dentistry in Cincinnati. He was born in New Richmond, Ohio, where his father, Robert Allen Molyneaux, has for many years resided, and still continues in the practice of his profession as a dentist.

Our subject received his early education in the public schools of his place of birth, completing it at. Parker's Academy in Clermontville, Ohio. He then came to Cincinnati, arid. determining to adopt his father's profession as his own, he entered on the study of dentistry in the Ohio Dental College in that city, from which he was graduated, receiving the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. His talents in his chosen profession were at once recognized by the Faculty of the college, and he was in the year of his graduation appointed assistant. demonstrator of anatomy in that institution. Subsequently he was called to fill the chair of demonstrator of' mechanical dentistry in the Ohio College of Dental Surgery. At the present time be is professor of mechanical dentistry and metallurgy in the Ohio Dental College, which position he fills with that credit and ability which his standing in the profession would warrant. Dr. Molyneaux enjoys a large and lucrative practice, and his standing in the profession is already well established. He is a Mason, and a prominent member of the Knights of Pythias. In April, 1890, he was married to Miss Virginia M., daughter of Samuel Bailey, Jr., the United States sub-treasurer at Cincinnati. Our subject resides on Walnut Hills, and has his office at the southeast corner of Seventh and Elm streets, Cincinnati.

ASHER ISAAC FALK BUXBAUM. M.D., D.D.S., office No. 511 McMillan street, Cincinnati, residence No. 544 East Locust street, Walnut, Hills, was born in Louisville, Ky., May 14, 1865. He is a son of Morris Charles and Sarah Buxbaum the former born in Marburg, Germany, November 24, 1839; he has followed the wholesale shoe business for over thirty years; he is a sun of K. and Amelia (Freund) Buxbaum, the former an umbrella manufacturer. Sarah Falls Buxbaum was born in New Orleans, La., December 1, 1842, daughter of A. W. and Margaret (Henz) Falk, the former a native of Prussia, coming to this country, and settling in Florence, Ala., becoming a slave-holder and extensive landowner. Margaret (Henz) Falk was born near Saarbrucken.

Our subject received his early education in the public schools of Cincinnati, graduating from Hughes High School. As if by inspiration, be early determined to follow the profession of dentistry, and with this object in view, during the summer of 1881, he spent his vacation at the dental chair under the teaching of Dr. Clancey, of Cincinnati, and the succeeding vacations under the guidance of W. H. H. Hunter, dentist, of Cincinnati. After graduating from Hughes High School, he pursued the course of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Fred Fordiemer, of Cincinnati, devoting six months of each year to medicine and the other six months at the dental office of Dr. Hunter, graduating from the Ohio Medical College in the spring of 1886, with. honor, receiving the gold medal in anatomical drawing and the prize in gynecology. The following six months were devoted to practicing dentistry in the little village of Mt. Oreb, Ohio. In September, 1886, he vent to Philadelphia, and in the spring of 1887 was graduated from the Philadelphia Dental College. He began the practice of his profession in August. 1887, at No. 266 West Eighth street, Cincinnati. Success at once crowned his efforts, and he later removed to Garfield place. To better meet the demands of his growing suburban practice, he at the same time opened an office on the corner of McMillan and Kemper lane, Walnut Hills. In a short time he gave up his city office, and removed to No. 511 McMillan street, Walnut Hills. Dr. Buxbaum is a member of the Cincinnati Academy of Medicine, and the Ohio State Medical Society. He was appointed a member of the Columbia Dental Congress to give a clinic on his new invention, the dentimeter. Dr. Buxbaum was during the sessions of 1891-92-93 professor of arthodontia and of clinical dentistry at the Dental Department of the Cincinnati College of Medicine

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and Surgery. From this position he resigned in January, 1893. The Doctor has prepared, and mad before the Academy of Medicine. various papers, among which we mention: "Development of Teeth and Jaw;" " Physician and Dentist, " "The Six Year Molars," and at intervals writes for the dental journals. Dr. Buxbaum was married December 3, 1889, to Miss Emma, daughter of Louis and Sarah Newburgh, the father a native of Pottsville, Penn., a successful merchant in the whole leaf tobacco trade; the latter a native of Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr. Buxbaum is the inventor of the Buxbaum Universal Servix Clamp," adopted by adjustment to fit any tooth in the mouth. He is also the inventor of the "Buxbaum Dentimeter," intended to take measurements of roots and teeth for crown and bridge work, and is considered the best instrument for that purpose on the market. The Doctor is a successful practitioner, and is an earnest worker for the advancement of his profession; politically he is a stanch Republican.

WILLIAM AUTENRIETH, manufacturer of surgical and orthopedical instruments, was born in Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, March 13, 1837, a son of Frederick Ferdinand Autenrieth, a publisher and bookseller of Stuttgart, who came to this country with his family in 1849, locating in Cincinnati, Ohio. For several years the subject of these lines was employes in learning the printing business, but this he abandoned in 1851 to learn the trade of surgical and orthopedical instrument maker with Max Wocher. After learning his trade he remained in Mr. Wocher's employ until 1869, when he bought out the Rees business (established in 1832). and has since conducted an ever-increasing business of the same kind, his establishment being now one of the largest of its kind in the West. Mr. Autenrieth was married in July, 1865, to Mary C., daughter of Medart Fels, an old resident of Cincinnati. They reside near Burnet Woods. Mr. Autenrieth has for twenty years past been prominently identified with the A. O. U. W., and during that period has held numerous official positions therein, representing Washington No. 1 Lodge, the first in Ohio, the second largest in the Unites States in Grand Lodge for fifteen years. A new degree of military character was creates in the order within the past year with Mr. Autenrieth as commander. Mr. Autenricth has given ranch of his little and means toward the establishment of the German Free Kindergartens, of which he has been president for five consecutive terms; he is also a member of the Pythian order. He is one of six brothers, all of whom served in the war of the Rebellion, William being the last one to enlist, and serving (luring the closing months of the struggle as orderly sergeant in Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-ninth O. V. I.

LAWRENCE A. ANDERSON, veterinary surgeon, office and residence No. 63 West Seventh street, was born in Girard, Trumbull Co., Ohio, in 1849, and is a son of James and Sarah (Bowmann) Anderson. They has eight children, five of whom survive, as follows: Lawrence A.; Norman A. Grace, wife of friend Jones, of North Jackson, Ohio: Blanche, wife of Homer Harshman, of Lordstown, Trumbull Co., Ohio. and Ettie L., wife of Warren Buck, of Atlantic. Penn.

Our subject was educated at Mineral Ridge. Trumbull Co., Ohio; also attended Hiram College, in Portage county, Ohio, after which lee attended a course of lectures at the Medical College of Atlanta, Ga,, and also attended three courses at the Medical College of Ohio, later graduating from the famous Ontario Veterinary College at Toronto, Canada. His first practice was in Akron, Sunmmit Co., Ohio, and in 1883 he carne to Cincinnati, where he has remained ever since. Our subject is well and favorably known throughout, the country, and has performed many difficult operations with such good success that his professional service is much sought after by owners of valuable horses; he is also the owner of one of the largest stock farms in the State, situated at, Evendale, Hamilton county, where is kept some of the fastest trotters in the county. Besides being the owner of fast horses Dr. Anderson is also owner of the fastest trotting dogs in the world, the well-known dog "Jell'" having a record of 3:12, which is the lowest in the world. Our subject is a

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director Of the Humane Society Of Cincinnati and a member of the Knights of Pythias in hood standing. He was married in 1874 to Nancy N., daughter of Mahlon and Mary (Woodward) Osborn, both of whom were natives of England, and one child has blessed this union: James Mahlon, at present attending school in Cincinnati. The parents of our subject were of Irish nationality. The father, who was a merchant, died in 1870; the mother now resides in Atlantic, Penn. Mr, Anderson and family are Protestant in their religions views; in politics he is a Republican.

HARRY E. DILATUSH, veterinary surgeon, and a member of the firm of Stubbs Dilatush, the most prominent livery moon of East Walnut. Hills, whose place of business is situated at No. 111 Woodburn avenue, where the-ir Stable is stocked with well-appointed equipages, and who by their courteous and gentlemanly treatment bestowed upon their patrons have built nil a large and rapidly Increasing business, was born near Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio, June 19, 1862.He, is the second of three sons (all living) born to Henry and Eliza (Hunt.) Dilatush. He received his primary education in the public schools of Lebanon, amid also attended the National Normal School of that city. Subsequently he took a course of study in the Ontario Veterinary College, at Toronto, Canada, graduating from that institution in 1886. From 1882 until 1884 he was chief deputy sheriff of Warren county, and entered upon the duties of his chosen profession Of veterinary surgeon in Cincinnati in 1886.

Mr. Dilatush was married October 28, 1886, to Luella Pullen, daughter of Z. and Fannie (Moore) Pullen, both natives of New Jersey, and to them was born one child who died in infancy. Mr. Dilatush and his wife attend the Baptist Church; he is a member Of the Knights of Pythias and Royal Arcanum. and has always been a stanch Republican. The father of our subject was born, in 1823, in New Jersey, where he followed farming, and is one Of the largest land owners in Warren county. The mother was born in Richmond, Va., in 1833, and died November 4, 1878. The two surviving brothers of our subject. are Walter S., judge Of the common pleas court of Warren county, and Charles N., superintendent of the Placer Gold Mines, near Salmon Falls. Idaho.

NEIL B. JONES D.V.S. and dean Of the Ohio Veterinary College, No. 135 Sycamore street, Cincinnati, was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, May 21, 1868, a son of W. G. and Huldah Jones, of Ross county, Ohio, the father a veterinary surgeon, still living, the mother deceased. Our subject teas educated in the schools of Adelphi, Ross county, Chillicothe, Ohio, and Toronto, Canada, and graduated from the Ontario Veterinary College. Of the latter city, in April, 1889, since which time be has successfully followed the practice of his chosen profession. He was honored with the deanship of the Ohio Veterinary College in October 1893, an institution that is rapidly growing and bidding fair to be the most thorough of its kind on the the continent, having a Faculty of twelve professors, each of whom is a specialist in his branch.

Prof. Jones was married October 3, 1893, to Miss Nellie B. Socin. They are both members Of the Protestant denomination. The Professor is a member Of the Knights of Pythias, resident State secretary of the United States Veterinary Medical Association, and is also vice-president of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association.

WILMOT J. HALL, the popular Fourth street druggist, of Cincinnati, was born in Baltimore, Ohio, November 25, 1857, and is a son Of Isaac E. and Maria D. Hall, now residents of Lancaster, Ohio. His parents were natives of New Jersey and Ohio, respectively, and of Scotch and German ancestry. His father, who was a cabinet-maker by trade, reared a family of eight children, all yet living, and of whom Wilmot J. is the second.

Our subject was educated in the public schools of Lancaster, and it was there that he embarked in the profession which has crowned his efforts with success.

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When his study and apprenticeship of pharmacy was completed, he came to Cincinnati and entered the employ of the well-known drug firm of A. B. Meriam & Co., at the corner of Fourth and Main streets. Here Mr. Hall brought into practice the principles of honesty, economy and industry which are characteristic of him, and after a few years acquired an interest, in the business. In 1885 he established a drug store at the corner of Fourth and Elm streets. where he has since successfully continued. In 1893 he purchased the drug business of Ernst Wilfert, at the corner of Fourth and Walnut streets, and now operates both stores. Located on the great shopping thoroughfare of the city, his trade is with the better class of people, and his store being thoroughly equipped with a large stock of the finest goods, the most fastidious purchaser can be pleased. Mr. Hall was married April 24, 1884 to Miss Nanny M., daughter of Capt. Alexander Frazier, of Cincinnati. He and his wife are members of the English Lutheran and Episcopal Churches, respectively, and reside in Avondale. In his political views Mr. Hall is a Republican. but the multitudinous cares of an active business life, together with a natural disinclination for public notoriety, have prevented his seeking or accepting any honors from his party.

LOUIS KLAYER, pharmacist. was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. August, 3, 1856, and is a son of ,John and Eliza (Grieve) Klayer. who emigrated from Germany in 1840, settling in Cincinnati. The father was a contractor and builder, and carried on the business until his death, June 19, 1875; his wife died February 8, 1887. Two children survive them: Charles and Louis. Our subject attended the public schools of Cincinnati, receiving a common-school education. On leaving school he took a position with Schultz & Negley, druggists, with whom he stayed two years, leaving to go into his brother's store. While working for his brother he attended the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, graduating in 1879. In 1882 he purchased an interest in the business, and they remained together until March, 1886, when our subject purchased his present business.' Mr. Mayor was married November 27, 1877 to Amelia Cordes, daughter of Fred Cordes, a farmer and cattle dealer of Bond Hill, and they have two children: Bertha E. and Lillie S. Mr. and Mrs. Mayor are members of the German Protestant, Church. In 1880 he was elected a trustee of the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, which position he held until last year, when he was elected to the presidency of the college, a position which he now holds. Politically he is a Republican.

LOUIS A. BERUBE:, druggist, northwest corner of Reading road and Rockdale avenue, Avondale, was born in Orono. Maine, March 4, 1855, the only offspring of Thomas and Henrietta La Pierre Berube, both now residing at Osceola Mills, Penn. When about twelve years of age, in October, 1868, Mr. Berube removed from Orono with his parents to Williamsport, Penn., prior to which he had attended the public schools in Orono, and after his arrival in Williamsport be continued attending school in that city some four or five years longer. After leaving school he went, into the drug business in Lock Haven, Penn., remaining there some five years, when he returned to Williamsport, and here was manager of McLee & Patterson's drug business. From there he went to Philadelphia, and continued in the drug business until, in 1879, he entered the College of Pharmacy in that city, from which he was graduated with honors in 1881. After graduating from college he took charge of Prof. Parish's drug business in Philadelphia. In the spring of 1883 he opened a business for Dr. Hunter, of Philadelphia, at Atlantic City, N. J., but remained there only a short time, returning to Philadelphia to take charge of the prescription department of the business of Henry Borell. on Chestnut street. From there he went to Chicano, and was employed as prescription clerk in the pharmacy of E. H. Sargent, and from there wont to Glendale, Ohio, where he was manager of the business of Charles C. Reakirt for five years. In 1889 he removed from Glendale to Avondale, and in July, 1889, went into business for himself at his present location

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in Avondale. Soon after locating here lie was appointed postmaster at this place, and has held the office since then. Mr. Berube was married in December, 1890, to Alice M., daughter of William and Susan (Carpenter) Kieffer, of Lancaster, Penn. They Lave no children. Mr. Berube is one of the most popular druggists in Avondale. All prescriptions are carefully put up from the best drugs under his own personal supervision, and by his integrity and strict attention to business he has won the esteem of the neighborhood in which he resides and carries on business.

WILLIAM FEEMSTER, druggist, was born in Richmond, Ky., September 23, 1848, son of E. L. and Mary (Hall) Feemster, the former of whom was a prominent dentist of Richmond. Ky., where he lived until his death in 1854; the latter a Kentuckian by birth, born in 1822, and died in 1877. They had five children, four of whom are living: J. H., employed in Glendale, at the Procter & Gamble Soap Works; Samuel W., engaged in mining in Colorado; E. L., in the employ of the Pullman Car Company. Chicago, and William.

Our subject as reared and educated in New Richmond and in Oxford. He lived on a farm until he was eighteen years of age, when he commenced clerking in a general store, which business he followed for two years. Having graduated from the Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, he in 1876, embarked in the drug business for himself, in what is known as " Old Columbia," where he has since remained. He was married in 1876, but had the misfortune to lose his wife by death a few years afterward. They were blessed with two children: Nellie and Alice, both of whom are living at home. They are all members of the Congregational Church. He held the office of postmaster, Station C, Cincinnati, from 1877 to 1885, when he was removed; then reappointed when President Harrison came into office. Mr. Feemster is a Republican.

GEORGE K. BARTHOLOMEW, A. M., PH. D. There are few of Cincinnati's well known educators who are more popular or who have done better work in his profession than George K. Bartholomew, proprietor of the Bartholomew English and Classical School for girls, located at the southeast corner of Third and Lawrence streets, in the conduct of which he is ably assisted by Mrs. Bartholomew.

Dr. Bartholomew was born at Hartford, Windsor Co., Vt., July 4, 1835 a son of Noah and Mary (Freeman) Bartholomew. His paternal and his maternal grandfathers both went to Vermont from Connecticut and Massachusetts at an early date, and his grandfather, Thomas Freeman, was one of the first two white men who spent a winter (1774-75) in the then wilderness of Barnard. one of Hartford's neighboring towns. During the morning of June 17, 1775, while lying down to drink from a spring, these two young men heard distinctly the roar of cannon at, Bunker Hill, 120 miles distant. Both his grandfather Luther Bartholomew, aid his grandfather Freeman, gallantly served the cause of the colonies in the Revolutionary war, notably in the battles of White Plains, Trenton and Princeton, and both fought to maintain America's supremacy in the war of 1812-14. The family of Bartholomew has been known in America since early colonial settlement, the first one to come having been William Bartholomew, who arrived in Boston September 18, 1634. in the ship "Griffin," in company with Rev. Zachary Symmes (afterward minister at Charlestown), Mrs. Anne Mitchinson, Rev. John Lathrop (pastor of the first Independent Church in London, England) and some thirty of his congregation. He settled in Ipswich in 1635, and for several successive terms served as the chosen representative of Ipswich in the general court at Boston. From this date to 1660, when he removed to Boston, and afterward until his death, January 18, 1680, he was entrusted with some of the most important offices of those stirring times. His grave in Phipps Street Cemetery, Charlestown, is in a prominent, position adjoining that of John Harvard, the founder of Harvard College. His son, Lieut. William Bartholomew, settled in Branford, Conn., and became the ancestor of all the Bartholomews of the New England branch of the family. Both in Branford and afterward in Wood-

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 733

stock, Conn., lie received almost every high honor in the gift of his fellow citizens both in the general court and in the military service of those towns. In England the family has a history antedating that event by two centuries, and those of the name have been known and honored at Burford through successive generations. Dr. Bartholomew's father was born September 20, 1800, and died November 9, 1871. His mother is still living aged about ninety-two years.

Dr. Bartholomew acquired his elementary education in the public schools of his native town. At the age of fourteen he entered Newbury Seminary, Vermont, and there prepared for college during the principalship of Rev. Dr. Joseph E. King, now president of the Fort Edward Collegiate Institute, New York, and Prof. Henry S. Noves. who afterward became president of the Northwestern University at Evanston, ill. The thoroughness of his preparation is evidenced by the fact that in 1854 he entered Dartmouth College without conditions. He was graduated from that institution in 1858, taking high rank in his class, and was chosen as class day orator. lie was at that time elected a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society, an honor which he declined for adequate reasons. From the college to the schoolroom was a step which he took with a promptness that even then foreshadowed his career as an educator. Immediately after his graduation he became principal of Thetford Academy, Vermont, a preparatory school that sent many students to Dartmouth College. In the winter of 1859, he was called to the principalship of one of the public schools in Peoria, Ill. He labored in his western field successfully a year and a half, when he resigned the position in order to respond to a call to Cincinnati as principal of the classical department of Chickering Institute. His labors with that celebrated institution were continued during the ensuing fifteen years, and contributed to the preparation of a large number of boys for eastern colleges, where they entered with credit. During the latter part, of that period he prepared and published through Wilson, Hinkle & Co., of Cincinnati, a Latin Grammar and "Latin Lessons," and later an edition of "Caesar's Gallic War," accompanied by copious notes and numerous useful maps and charts. These works were well received, and have been commended by many of the loading scholars of America. In 1875, in association with Mrs. Bartholomew, Dr. Bartholomew established the since well-known English and Classical School for girls. It was for five years kept at Fourth and John streets, whence it was removed to its present favorable location. Much of interest concerning the history of this institution, and most favorable comments upon its conduct and efficiency, will be found in Mr. Venable's able and interesting chapter on the educational interests of Cincinnati, in another part of this work. In speaking of his important work and its results. Dr. Bartholomew always pays a high tribute to Mrs. Bartholomew's abilities, and insists that fully one-half the credit for the success of the institution is due to her.

Dr. Bartholomew was first married in August, 1860, to Miss Eliza J. Briggs, then of Wellsburg. W. Va., formerly of New Hampshire. Her father, a woolen manufacturer, came to New England from near Manchester, England. Mrs. Bartholomew died in 1862, leaving a daughter, now the wife of Dr. George Bigler Ehrmann. of Cincinnati. In 1864 Dr. Bartholomew married Miss Ellen J., daughter of Rev. Benjamin R. Hoyt, of New Hampshire. Dr. and Mrs. Bartholomew are communicants of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church, with which they have been identified eighteen years; the past twelve years he has been a member of the vestry, , and is now the junior warden, He became a member of the Cincinnati Literary Club in 1868; is a life member of the Historical and Archaeological Society of Ohio; is a member of the Archaeological Institute of America, and of the American Philological Society. Not, educationally and scientifically alone has he become known by his good and useful works. He has been thoroughly identified with Cincinnati's associated charities for more than a decade, and he is at this tine an influential member of the executive committee of its board of directors. His labors in behalf

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of the Young Men's Christian Association have been earnest and effective. He is one of the directors of the Y. M. C. A., of Cincinnati, and chairman of the committee of the college department. Politically Dr. Bartholomew is a Republican. He voted for the first Republican nominee for the presidency, in 1856, and has been in helpful sympathy with the work of the party since that time, though in politics, as in everything else, he is an independent and original thinker.

REV. J. BABIN, A.B. This popular educator, the sun of Jeremie and Flavie (Pinsonneault) Babin, is a native of St. John's, Canada, and was born July 19, 1837. He received his primary education in common and boarding schools, and in 1857 entered McGill College, Montreal. In due time he graduated at the head of his class from the University of Bishop's College, Lennoxville, where lie also studied theology. In 1865 he was made a priest of the Church of England, in the Cathedral of Montreal, and the same year married Miss Elizabeth Bayley Abbott, of St. Andrews, and first cousin to J. J. C. Abbott, late premier of Canada. In 1867 he came to Cincinnati. His young wife did not experience the benefit expected from a change of climate, and died in-the fall of 1869. ln 1873 he married, in Louisville, Ky., Miss Kate Moore, who has borne him six children. After declining a professorship in Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, Mr. Babin accepted, in 1875, a position in Bishop Doan's school for boys at Cooperstown, N. Y. In the fall of 1876 he returned to Cincinnati, and in the following spring became associate principal of the Collegiate School of which he has been principal for the past fourteen years.

Though devoting himself chiefly to teaching, he has from time to time had temporary charge of various parishes, and has performed the ditties of pastor both in and out of the sacred desk with a devotion and ability that have won him much favor. As an educator he has a national reputation, and his recommendation alone will admit his pupils to some of the leading colleges. He feels justly proud of his educational work and his " boys," as he proudly calls those who have been his pupils, are many of them among the successful men of the day. His well-known classical school receives most favorable mention in Dr. Venable's history of the educational interests of Cincinnati elsewhere in this volume.

REV. THOMAS J. DODD, D. D. This well-known preacher and educator is descended from William Dodd, of Welsh descent, who lived long in Loudoun county, Va., dying there in 1837. His father, Prof. James B. Dodd, filled the chair of mathematics in Centenary College, Mississippi, and the College at Jackson, Louisiana, successively, and was, later. president of Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky. He was the author of Dodd's Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, and Trigonometry, a series of mathematical text-books that was very popular and profitable until the publishers failed at the beginning of the Civil war.

Mr. Dodd was born at Harper's Ferry, Va., August 4, 1837, and was educated at Transylvania University, of which institution he is a graduate. After teaching a few years, he entered the, ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South Kentucky Conference, and has been the pastor of several of the most prominent churches of that body. In 1863 he became the principal of the academy at Millersburg, Ky., which later became the Kentucky Wesleyan College, of which he was subsequently made the president. ln 1876 he was called to the chair of Hebrew in Underhill University, Nashville, Tenn.. which position he resigned in March. 1885, his resignation taking effect at the close of the year in June. In 1887 he came to Cincinnati. After teaching a few years he joined the Kentucky Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, with which he has been connected to the present time. In year 1887 he came to Cincinnati and established the Dodd Classical High School. This institution, which is referred to more at length in Dr. Venable's able chapter on "Education," presents a course of study more than ordinarily full even as compared with the courses of the more advanced academies. As a teacher, Dr. Dodd has unusual power over young men, both in influencing their personal character and

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 735

stimulating them to study. Though engaged for the greater part of his life chiefly in educational work, Dr. Dodd has not been idle in the ministry. His pulpit administrations have been about as constant as those of most pastors, and have been extended cheerfully among all the religions denominations. While a Methodist at heart, and by virtue of his membership in the Kentucky Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, he is not sectarian, and, while he has not at. this time any pastoral charge, lie is constantly employed in the pulpits of neighboring churches of all denominations, and the demands upon him for literary lectures and addresses are frequent. As a theological professor, his aims were to teach his students how to think, rather than what to think. He never required them to accept any statement or view on his authority, or that of any man living or dead, but upon great underlying principles of truth and reason so far as they may be attained. Both as a theologian and as a scholar, these processes, while they have led him to the earnest advocacy of his own views, have caused him also to see the reasonableness of the views of others; hence neither in theology nor in literature does he admit the least dogmatism, as the word is generally understood. His readings and studies, like his sympathies in religion, have been varied. In literature his attention has been devoted to tile ancient classical and Semitic tongues. especially the Hebrew, with a few of the modern languages so far as these have been necessary to the prosecution of enlightened scholarship. In 1872, the degree of Doctor of Divinity wits conferred upon him by Centre College (Presbyterian), Danville, Kentucky.

Dr. Dodd was married, in 1873, to Miss Eva Baker, of Covington, Ky., who has borne him two daughters: Mary Louise, and Eva Virginia, the latter deceased. Mrs. Dodd who was graduated with high honors from Notre Dame Convent, Cincinnati, is a woman in whom literary and artistic talent and those qualities of domesticity which give to a home its most desirable characteristics are most happily blended; a true helpmeet in all that the word implies; like her husband, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South. and in full sympathy with him in his literary tastes and ministerial duties. The family home is at No. 26 East Tenth street, Covington, Kentucky.

PROF. B. H. ENTRUP, one of Cincinnati's oldest and best known educators, proprietor of Entrup's English. German and Classical Day and Evening School, at No. 342 Central avenue, was born in Germany. September 12, 1819, and was educated at the Universities of Munster and Bonne. He began teaching at Mt. Airy, near Philadelphia, and later taught, at Westchester and Philadelphia. After a year as a teacher of mathematics in the Philadelphia Polytechnic. he became principal of the Washington Academy, Princess Anne. In 1861 he came to Cincinnati, and for two years was employed in the Polytechnic School of the Catholic College. In 1863 he established his private school at the northeast corner of Court street and Central avenue, which hr moved to its present quarters in 1864, where it has become known as one of the old and reliable educational institutions of the city. Its course embraces English and German. Mathematics, Latin awl Greek, and Prof. Entrup receives and gives special attention to those who wish to take these studies privately.

Prof. B. H. Entrup's English, German and Classical Day and Evening School, at No. 342 Central avenue, is one of the oldest schools of its class in the city, dating from 1863. It was opened at the northeast corner of Court and Central avenue, and in 1862 was removed to its present location. Prof. Entrup is a thorough educator of long and varied experience, and has always given his personal attention to each pupil. The course of the school embraces English and German, Mathematics, Latin and Greek.

LOUIS TRAUB was born October 20, 1859, in Thann, a small town in Alsace. After the Franco-Prussian war, in 1870-71, he left for France and became a student in the Ecole Normale Speciale de Cluny, in the department of Soane et Loire, where he completed a course of studies, including a very thorough course in Ger-

736 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY,

man, and Latin. At eighteen he joined the Legion Etrangere of the French Army in Algiers, as a soldier. During the last eighteen months of his soldier life he was with the force under Col. De Negrier that made the campaign against Bou Amana, a redoubtable Arab chief. In this campaign Mr. Traub had some very trying experiences in the rigors of semi-barbarous warfare.

Mr. Traub left Africa on the first of November, 1882, and carne directly to this country, landing in New York, December 27, and located in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he has since resided. For the first year of his sojourn here, he had a great struggle against many disadvantages. However, nothing daunted, he began the study of shorthand after lie bad been here only about ten months. As it is characteristic of Mr. Traub to apply himself intensely to whatever he undertakes, lie absorbed shorthand very rapidly, being able to write over one hundred words of ordinary matter per minute after one month's study. Being somewhat deficient in the English language, lie could not secure a position as an amanuensis, and therefore turned his attention to the study of English grammar and Webster's dictionary, going through the tedious work of putting on paper every word of the English language with which he was not familiar. In due course of time he accepted a position with J. W. Biles & Company. Later he was with Joseph Brigel & Company, and finally with The American Export & Warehouse Company. With the latter house he remained as a shorthand amanuensis two years and a half. When he obtained the situation with the last named firm he had given only four months to the study of shorthand and English, and considering the fact that, lie had then been hardly more than one year in this country, his progress was quite remarkable. Mr. Traub wrote the Benn Pitman system of shorthand for a little over two years, when he came in contact with Mr. Edwin M. Williams, an expert Graham writer, who soon demonstrated to him the advantages of the Graham system, which he has written ever since. At the Cincinnati Exposition in 1886, Mr. Traub operated a Caligraph with a blank key-board; lie also went to Indianapolis to the State Fair in 1887, for the same purpose. On November 1, 1886, Mr. Traub became stenographer to the law firm of Follett, Hyman & Kelly, of Cincinnati; and since that time he has been a law and general stenographer, doing reporting work for some of the best law firms and railroad corporations of the city, always with perfect satisfaction to his employers. Although Mr. Traub has been in this country little more than ten years, notwithstanding many obstacles lie has achieved a place at the head of the profession both in type-writing and in shorthand; and having no knowledge of the language when he came, he has accomplished what few Americans have done in that length of time.

His is a shining example of what patient industry and diligent application, despite obstacles, can accomplish in the profession of phonography and type-writing. On November 1, 1888, Mr. Traub thought there would he a good field in the city of Cincinnati for Standard Phonography, and started Louis Traub's Shorthand and Business College. Owing to prejudice, and Cincinnati being the seat of Pitmanism, lie had a very hard struggle for the first three years, but being enterprising and persistent, and always aiming to turn out first-class stenographers, his patience was at last rewarded, and lie has the reputation of having one of the largest schools in Cincinnati. The best evidence of his success is the fact that he has always on his roll from ten to twenty-five students from other schools who had become dissatisfied and enrolled in his; and each and every one of these has pronounced his system of teaching and Standard Phonography far ahead of other systems they had been studying. Mr. Traub has the interest of his students at heart; and they all have nothing but kind words to say of him. His corps of assistants in the shorthand and business departments have had a practical experience in the commercial field, as well as in the school room. The development, of tate mental and moral character is assiduously observed, and the discipline is without harshness-firm, yet persuasive. No trouble some pupils are tolerated, thus making the study one of love and admiration. For

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complete work, careful training, and a high standard of professional excellence and ability, Louis Traub's Shorthand and Business College is a paragon, Mr. Traub is energetic. and conscientious in the discharge of every duty, and the examples placed before the students command respect and excite their emulation. This school has the patronage of most of the middle, southern and western States, and all of its graduates are to-day employed in lucrative and responsible positions through the instrumentality of Prof. Traub and his corps of assistants.

PROF. E. W. COY, principal of Hughes High School. Cincinnati, Ohio, Was horn at Thorndike, Maine, December 6, 1832, fourth in the family of seven children of Blab and Sarah (Dyer) Coy. His father, a minister in the Baptist Church, was engaged in ministerial work most of his life, and died in the city of Baltimore, Md., where lie had gone on a visit, to his eldest son.

Our subject attended school in the State of his birth until he was fifteen years old, when he removed to Massachusetts, and, from that time on, was entirely dependent upon his own exertions. In 1853 he went to the Lawrence Academy, Groton, Mass., where he was prepared for college. By diligent study he was able, in 1854, to enter Brown University, where lie was graduated with honor in 1858. The same year he went to Peoria, Ill., as principal of the high school. Prof. Coy then began to enjoy some of the fruits of his toil, for he had made his own way through college. He held the position for about six years, and in the meantime had been able in addition to his school duties to study law with Judge Weed, of Peoria. He was admitted to the Bar, and practiced his profession three years. He was then nominated and elected superintendent, of the schools of the city of Peoria, Ill., with which he was connected until 1871, when he took charge of the Model High School, connected with the State Normal University. In 1873 he came to Cincinnati, Ohio, and accepted the principalship of Hughes High School, which position he still holds. Prof. Coy is a self-made man. He is a contributor to educational journals, and for two years was the editor of the" Illinois Teacher," one of the oldest school-journals in the country.

In 1887 he received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Princeton University in recognition of work that he had done in Greek. At the National Council of Education in 1892, at Saratoga, N. Y., he was elected its president. He was married in Massachusetts to Miss Genal Harrington, daughter of Rev. Moses Harrington, it Baptist minister, and this union has been ,blessed with three children: Louise, (the wife of J. A. Green), Alice and Helen.

REV. JOS. GLASS MONFORT, D. D., LL. D. The subject of this sketch was of Huguenot ancestry who fled from persecution in France to Holland, their descendants later, in 1620, immigrating to America, and settling on Long Island. He is entitled to as high a place as any ether among the pioneers of this region, whether we consider his age, his residence among us, his work, his character,, or his reputation here or throughout the country, Dr. Monfort was born in Warren county, Ohio, December 9, 1810. He lived at Carlisle Station, Ohio, ten years, 1810-1820; at Hamilton, Ohio, 1820-1828; at Cincinnati, two years, 1828-1829, as a teacher in the school of Daniel Chute; at Hamilton, three years, 1830-1832, as a teacher; at Oxford, Ohio, two years, 1832-1834, as a student in Miami University, graduating in 1834; at Hanover, Indiana, two years, 1834-1836, as a student in the Indiana Theological Seminary; at Louisville, Ky., two years, 1836-1837, as editor. of the Presbyterian. Herald; he was licensed as a Presbyterian minister, by the Presbytery of Oxford, in September, 1837; preached one year in Hamilton, Ohio, 183 7-1838; in Greensburg, Indiana, eighteen years, 1838 to 1855, except two years, 1843-1845, during which period he served as agent for the New Albany Theological Seminary. While living in Greensburg, he acted as chairman of the Building Committee for the construction of the courthouse of Decatur county, Indiana, and was for several years a director of the Cincinnati, Indianapolis & Lafayette railroad, now included in the "Big Four" System. He received the

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honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from Centre College in 1853; became editor of the Presbyterian of the West, now Herald awl Presbyter, in Cincinnati in 1854, and still (1894) occupies the position. To this service he was called by the unanimous vote of the Synod of Indiana, and by circulars addressed to him and signed by a majority of the ministers in Ohio, procured through the agency of Rev. Drs. E. D. McMaster, J. M. Stevenson, and T. E. Thomas. From 1856 to 1865, nine years, he was president of the Glendale Female College, in addition to his editorial duties. In 1884 Hanover College conferred on him the honorary degree of LL. D. He was a commissioner to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia in 1840, and has attended thirty-five assemblies since, either as editor or member, including the meeting at. Washington, D. C., in 1893.

He was moderator of the Synod of Indiana, in 1851; the Synod of Cincinnati. in 1856 of a joint meeting of Synods of Cincinnati and Ohio, in 1857, called for united action in founding a college for the Synod, resulting subsequently in the establishment of Wooster University; after the consolidation of the Synods, he was moderator of the Synod of Ohio in 1886. Dr. Monfort has always had prominent and responsible positions in his church. For a third of a century he was a trustee of Hanover College; a director of New Albany Theological Seminary for many years before its removal to Chicago, and until the reunion, when he resigned, in 1870, to accept a position as Trustee in Lane Seminary, which he still fills. He has at different times served as a member of the board of home missions, foreign missions and church erection. In the promotion of the reunion of the Old and New School Presbyterian Churches, it is conceded that Dr. Monfort was the leading and most efficient actor. He established "The Reunion Presbyterian," a monthly magazine, and circulated it in both branches of the Church. He proposed to the General Assembly of 1866 a paper prepared by himself, in which the New School Assembly, in session at the same time, in the same city, were asked to appoint a committee of fifteen to co-operate with a similar committee of the Old School Assembly, in preparing terms for the reunion of the two bodies. He was asked by the moderator of the 'old School Assembly. Rev. Dr. R. L. Stanton, to nominate its committee with his own name included. He was the most diligent and efficient member of the joint committee until the union was consummated in 1869. It is also true that Dr. Monfort is considered high authority in doctrine and church administration. His opinions on ecclesiastical order and jurisprudence are accorded weight and influence, to which but few attain. As an editor he is not arbitrary or dictatorial. He never questions motives. or asperses character. He treats opponents with courtesy, and thus husbands his influence. As a citizen in a high position, he is never radical, but always firm and frank, and persistent in the defense of religion and morality. He is public-spirited and liberal in promoting public order and the execution of law.

After forty years of successful editorial work, he can safely and hopefully leave the Herald and Presbyter, which is a family monument in the hands of. his sons, Capt. E. R. Monfort and Rev. F. C. Monfort, D. D., expecting it will grow stronger and stronger and more and more useful year after year. In his eighty-fourth year (since December 9, 1893), he is in good health, with his natural force unabated except as he suffers from impaired hearing. There may still still be several years of useful service before him. He is, however, so happily conditioned, that be can unload any burdens which he may no longer be inclined to carry. Not many men attain his years under circumstances so comfortable and prosperous. It may be added that he is living (since October 8, 1893) with the wife of his youth in the fifty-fifth year of their married life. Since July, 1865, their home has been in the "Beecher House," Walnut Hills, having for their nearest neighbors their sons, E. R. Monfort and F. C. Monfort, and their daughter, Margeret, wife of H. B. Morehead, Esq.-[Prepared by E. R. Monfort.

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REV. THOMAS JEFFERSON MELISH is one of the oldest citizens of Cincinnati, having lived in the city or its suburbs since 1847. He is a son of the old traveler, John Melish, who came front Scotland in 1806, as a cotton factor, in the interests of the cotton-mills of Glasgow. He traveled very extensively throughout the United States, and when at Washington visited President Jefferson, who persuaded him to prepare for the press some account of his travels, which he did in two volumes, published in Philadelphia, London and Dublin, the aim being to encourage immigration. John Melish afterward settled in Philadelphia, where he published the first school .atlas, and many books upon geographical and topographical topics.

The subject of our sketch was born in Philadelphia. June 14, 1822. Left an orphan at an early age, he was cared for by relatives who took charge of his training and education. His collegiate studies were pursued at Bethany College, Virginia, an institution under the auspices of the then famous Alexander Campbell, a Scotch minister of great intellectual force among the Baptists of his day. After his graduation, Mr. Melish entered the Baptist ministry, in which he continued until 1877, during which time he was pastor of several churches, and for several years editor of the Journal and Messenger, the Baptist paper of Ohio. In 1877, Mr. Melish for conscientious reasons united with the Protestant Episcopal Church. In infancy he had been baptized in old St. Paul's, Philadelphia, and as years went on his heart was drawn more and more toward the church of his childhood. After much thought and study he at length returned to the spiritual fold from which he started out. After his ordination he threw himself, with all his accustomed energy and zeal, into the work which his new relations brought to him, and soon won for himself a secure place among those to whom was entrusted a task of upbuilding and moulding the new Diocese of Southern Ohio. which, at the time of his coming, had just been formed. For a year or two, lie had charge of St. Thomas, Milford, Ohio, where he had been living for some time; but after rendering most efficient services at this point lie returned to Cincinnati, took charge of the Chapel of the Nativity, Price Hill, in connection -with St. Philips, Northside. At, the former place a mission had been organized, but had gained as yet little strength. By earnest self-denying labor, Mr. Melish soon so strengthened the mission, both in point of numbers and financial ability, that it could safely be entrusted to other hands, while he was left free to devote all his tune to Northside, where he had been rector for more than eleven years past. During this term of service, the church has grown from thirty-seven members to 176, .and is in every way prosperous and flourishing. Mr. Melish is also the secretary of the Diocese of Southern Ohio, which office lie has filled for several years. To these duties he has added that of editor of The Church Chronicle the official organ of the diocese, and to which ire has brought, the ripened experience of earlier years.

Mr. Melish was married, in 1849, to Miss Maria Bromwell, daughter of William Bromwell, merchant, and formerly member of the city council. Ten children have blessed this marriage, eight of whom have grown to manhood and womanhood, and are filling useful positions in Cincinnati and elsewhere.

The subject of our sketch has been very prominent as a Mason for a quarter of a century past; has been, successively, master of his Lodge, high priest of his Chapter, master of his Council, and eminent commander of his Commandery. He has also been very active in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, of which he reached the highest grade of Thirty-third degree Sovereign Inspector General. He is at present grand chaplain to the grand council R. & S. M,, and the grand prelate of the Grand Commandery of Ohio; as well as chaplain to many of the local bodies of which he is a member.

SAMUEL WARE FISHER;, D. D., LL. D., clergyman and college president, was born at Morristown, N. J., April 5, 1814. His father was an eminent Presbyterian minister, for many years in charge of the church at Morristown, then one of the largest in the State; and afterward for twenty years the pastor of the Presbyterian Church

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in Paterson. He was the first moderator of the General Assembly of the New School body after its separation from the Old, and was long recognized as one of the most earnest workers in the Church, to whose welfare his life was consecrated. To the example and counsels of such a father was naturally owing something of tile tastes ands tendencies of the son. Dr. Fisher was early initiated into the modes of thought and action common to the great body with which he was connected. Its traditions were all familiar to hint from boyhood. The choice of a profession to a young man is sometimes difficult; the result of anxious deliberation; the conclusion reached through much doubt and conflict.. To him it "vas easy; a profession to which his life had been naturally and divinely shaped; the most satisfying and best, he thought, which can be chosen by man. His desires and wishes, his purposes and ambitions (if I may use the word in its better sense), opened out in the direction of work for and through the Presbyterian Church. Here was ground ample and noble, whose every hillside anti vale were familiar o him; and it is perfectly natural that he should always have felt himself most at home with the congregations and presbyteries, the synods and assemblies of this powerful body. He was graduated at Yale College in 1835, spent a year in :Middletown, Conn., pursued his theological course at Princeton for two years and completed it afterward at Union Theological Seminary in New York. Immediately after leaving the seminary he became the minister of the Presbyterian Church at West Bloomfield, N. J. During his ministry of a little more than four years in this place his fidelity was crowned with two revivals of religion. From there he moved in 1843 to a larger and more trying field of labor, being installed on the 13th of October in that year as pastor of the Fourth Presbyterian Church of Albany. This position was one of unusual delicacy and difficulty. The church was probably at that time the largest in the whole denomination, having more than nine hundred names on the roll of its communicants. The important work of his predecessors he supplemented by other work quite as important in forming a complete and sound Christian character, and a vigorous and active Christian church. The work that he did there has not lost its value by the lapse of years, nor is the estimation of its importance in the judgment of the most judicious observers less than at first. The extent of his reputation as a vigorous and effective preacher may be indicated by the fact that, in October, 1846, he was called to succeed the most popular, the most widely known and the most powerful preacher of the Now School body, in the Second Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, Dr. Lyman Beecher, and entered upon the duties of the service in April, 1847. It was not a small thing then for a minister, still young, comparatively unknown, to follow in pulpit ministrations the most renowned pulpit orator, the most powerful controversialist in the West; not an easy task, with prudence, skill, commanding vigor, and above all, with Christian fidelity, and with a view to the broadest Christian success, to maintain his position, to secure the confidence, tine goodwill, the sympathy of a large and unusually intelligent congregation, of various political affinities, trained to vigorous amid discriminating thought. Here was not only opportunity but imperative demand for large and exhaustive labor. Here were conflicting opinions to harmonize, critical minds to satisfy, plans for Christian labor to be formed, machinery to be organized and put in motion, new evils to be met by new methods; the life and vigor of the church itself to be maintained in the midst of peculiar temptations, and so a larger and completer Christian household gathered and inspired. This was the work which he performed. The difficulties of his position stimulated his energy. He was in the full vigor of every faculty. The field of labor was broad and full of encouragement. His words were not spoken to the empty air, but came back laden with the murmurs of approving voices. He became an intellectual and moral power in the city. The young gathered about him, and he prepared more than one series of discourses particularly adapted to their tastes and wants. One of those series, " Three Great. Temptations," published in 1852, went through six editions.

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In no other place did lie labor continuously go long as in Cincinnati, and to this period lie afterward looked hack as on the whole the most, successful and fortunate of his life. He was in his chosen employment, his manly energies at their highest vigor; a working church, trained and stimulated by large foresight, in fall sympathy with him, accepting his leadership, and cheerfully co-operating in Christian word and work. His ministry in this church was eminently successful, 178 persons having been added to the church by profession and 248 by letter during the eleven years of his pastorate. His character was a rare combination of mildness and energy. He possessed the faculties of discovering the capabilities and most valuable characteristics of those with whom he associated, and of infusing into them the ardor and zeal which animated his own heart. He developed the latent. energies and abilities of the Second Presbyterian Church and congregation in a remarkable degree, and by his skill in organizing and combining individual talent into congenial association for Christian work, accomplished great. results for the cause of his Master. Thus quietly operating, he put in motion various plans and organizations in the church which resulted in great and lasting influences. Among there was the Young Men's Home Missionary Society, so successful in establishing Sabbath-schools, providing for vacant churches and other works of a similar character. He awakened an unusual interest in foreign missions by appointing different members of the church to make reports at the monthly concerts on the condition of the important foreign nations. He held regular meetings at his own house of the younger members of the church for devotion, consultation and advice. In numerous ways lie was constantly leading on the church in matters of Christian enterprise. During the eleven years of his service in the great commercial city of Ohio, his mind had not been growing narrower, nor, engaged as he was in duties most important and exacting, had he forgotten the claims of science and letters, or failed to meet the demands upon his tinge and talents necessary to their encouragement. The schools, colleges and professional seminaries, of the State and of neighboring States, heard his voice and felt his influence whenever he could say a word or lift, a finger for their help. It was natural that, occupying so prominent a place, he should have been called upon for various public services, and become of influence in the larger assemblies of the church. In 1857 the New School General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church met at Cleveland. Of this learned and able body Dr. Fisher was chosen moderator. The subject of slavery had been discussed in more than one General Assembly, and the system strongly condemned. The Southern members had as frequently protested against these deliverances, and in 1858 did not hesitate to acknowledge that their views in respect to the evil of slavery lead materially changed, and they openly avowed that they now accepted the system, believing it to be right according to the Bible. This posit ion the Assembly at Cleveland pointedly condemned, while yet expressing a lender sympathy for those who deplore the evil and are honestly doing all in their power for the present well-being, of their slaves and for their complete emancipation. These ideas of the two parties were too radically antagonistic, too deeply held, too frequently and publicly affirmed to allow fraternal co-operation. The Southern synods thereupon withdrew and formed themselves into a separate holy, called tine United Synod of the Presbyterian Church. It was in reference to this secession that, in the sermon before the General Assembly in 1858, in Chicago, with which as retiring moderator lie opened the sessions of that, body, Dr. Fisher used these strong and generous words: "Fathers, and brethren, ministers and elders, we assemble here amidst the brightness of scenes of revival, scenes such as the Church of Christ, perhaps, has never enjoyed so richly before. But as my eye passes over this audience a shade of sadness steals in upon my heart. There are those who have been wont to sit, with its in this high council, whose hearty greetings we miss to-day. Taking exception to the ancient, the uniform, the oft-repeated testimony of our Church, as well as to the mode of its utterance, respecting one of the

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greatest moral and organic evils of the age; deeming it better to occupy a platform foreign, indeed,, to the genius of our free republican institutions, yet adapted, in, their view, to the fuller promulgation of the Gospel in the section where they dwell,. they have preferred to take an independent position; and while we can not coincide with them in their views on this subject, while we know that this separation has been precipitated upon us, not sought by us, yet, remembering the days when, with us they stood shoulder to shoulder against ecclesiastical usurpation and revolution,, when in deepest sympathy we have gone to the house of God in company and mingled our prayers before a common mercy-seat, we can not but pray for their peace and prosperity. We claim no monopoly of wisdom and right. If, in our course hitherto, we have been moved to acts or deeds unfraternal or unbefitting our mutual relations; if in the attempt to maintain our ancient principles and apply the Gospel to the heart of this gigantic evil, we have given utterance to language that has tended to exasperate rather than quicken to duty, we claim no exemption from censure, we ask the forgiveness we are equally ready to accord." From the delivery of this able and weighty discourse on the " Conflict and Rest of the Church," of the style and spirit of which the above brief extract may give us an imperfect notion, Dr. Fisher went directly to Clinton, N. Y., having been already consulting respecting the presidency of Hamilton College. He entered upon his duties at the opening of the fall term of 1858, the ceremonies of inauguration not taking place until the 4th of November. The college had risen far above its earlier difficulties and under a wise administration had for many years enjoyed an honorable reputation for thoroughness of instruction and discipline, but its resources were still insufficient, and its appeals for aid had not been quite loud enough to reach the ear of the wealthy and the liberal. To the period of his presidency dates the growth of a greater confidence in the college, the endowments of its professorships and charitable foundations, and prizes for the encouragement of good learning, bearing honored names in this and neighboring communities, never to be forgotten. From this period also dates the effective enlargement, almost the new creation of the general funds of the college and an impetus and direction imparted to the liberality of the generous and noble-minded which has not ceased, but has yielded but the first fruits of an increasing harvest. During his presidency the efficiency of the college instruction was increased. Under his influence and in accordance with his wishes, the Bible assumed a more prominent place as a part of the regular curriculum, a place which it has ever since retained, for the advantage of all,

Dr. Fisher's views of the ends and methods of education are contained in several addresses which lie delivered at different times, and which were afterward collected and published. The very subjects of these are suggestive of broad and careful thought. They are such as, "Collegiate Education," "Theological Training," " The Three Stages of Education," (by which lie discriminates child-life, the school and society), "Female Education" "The Supremacy of Mind." "Secular and Christian Civilization," "Natural Science in its Relation to Art and Theology." These addresses are eloquent and sound. The most complete of them, perhaps, is his inaugural, in which lie endeavors to develop his idea of what lie calls the Americal Collegiate system. The whole address is an argument for breadth and loftiness of culture. The scheme which it defends and enforces is noble and generous to the last degree. In 1862, in the midst, of our Civil war, occurred the semi-centennial celebration of the founding of Hamilton College, a memorable occasion, marking the age and progress of the institution as with a tall memorial shaft visible from afar. The address of Dr. Fisher is an admirable sketch of the college history, portraying in picturesque language the events of its early and later life, with enthusiasm and faith commending it to the good will of its alumni and friends, and predicting its future prosperity. "It was," he said, "amid the smoke and thunder of war that, fifty years ago, the foundations of this college were laid; and when they

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passed away, lo, on the hilltop had sprung into being a power mightier than the sword, more glorious than its triumphs. It is amid the heavier thunder and darker clouds of this dread conflict, when all that to us is roost precious is in peril, that we celebrate our semi-centennial jubilee. This thunder shall roll away and the cloud disperse before the uprising patriotism of twenty millions of freemen, and the red right arm of the Lord of hosts." That was indeed to the nation an hour of darkness, when the light. was as darkness, but he never " bated one jot of heart or of hope," or failed to act up to his patriotic faith. After a service of eight years in Hamilton College, Dr. Fisher was solicited to accept again the position of pastor by the Westminster Church of Utica. N. Y., and was installed pastor November 15, 1867. For nearly four years of active and progressive work the church enjoyed the ministrations and stimulating energies of this able. active and untiring pastor. There was yet one other occasion not to be forgotten in which Dr. Fisher bore a prominent part in a great and memorable public service whose influence is incalculable, viz,: the measures which led to the reunion of the separated branches of the Presbyterian Church. There was no object, perhaps. nearer his heart, none which more moved his enthusiasm. The disruption had taken place in 1837, just before he entered upon his ministry. His father was the first moderator of the view School Assembly. The doctrines and the men, the causes and the consequences, lie had heard discussed from his boyhood, and in the reunion of the two branches of the church he was relied upon as among the most judicious counsellors in the very delicate and difficult questions that impeded its progress and threatened to prevent its consummation. He was one of the able committee of conference appointed by the two Assemblies, which reported the plan of reunion in 1869. Nor does he seem to have doubted the beneficial result. In behalf of the joint committee he proposed the resolution for raising one million dollars, immediately after raised to five millions, as a memorial fund. His last work to which he gave himself with all the confidence and enthusiasm of his nature was to prepare a paper for the General Assembly of 1870, an assembly which lie never was to see.

Dr. Fisher received the Doctorate of Divinity from Miami University in 1852, and the Doctorate of Laws from the University of the City of New York in 1859. As a preacher. Dr. Fisher must be held to rank among the ablest of the Presbyterian body. With all that may be said by way of detracting criticism, it must still be allowed that, our religions communities move along a pretty high level of intellectual experience and of religious feeling. To satisfy the reasonable demands of congregations requires a continuous intellectual exertion, which, when we come to measure its force, is something startling. It is not a wonder that so runny poor sermons, but rather that there are so many good ones. But Dr. Fisher moved above, far above the common level. Within the ample dome of that forehead, you felt at sight there dwelt a powerful brain. He brought to his discourses a mind well stored and well disciplined. There was a fullness and richness of thought which left you little or nothing in that direction to desire. An intellectual hearer could not fail to be attracted by his vigor. His style was often bold, sometimes picturesque, always most clear and direct. His words were well chosen and exuberant. Thus full and weighty in matter, affluent in language, with no ambiguity in expression, fertile in imagery and illustration, with a voice clear and penetrating, and a manner somewhat authoritative, it is not surprising that he was constantly sought for to address public bodies on important occasions, a duty which he always performed with dignity and to the satisfaction of his hearers. The subjects of his discourses were various, and as his mind was mainly occupied with grand and lofty themes, so there was a certain nobleness, freedom and power of development. the natural and necessary fruit of his general studies and habits of thought. No man could ever listen to Dr. Fisher when engaged upon those great themes with which his soul was filled, without a persuasion that he spoke from absolute conviction of the truth, and an overwhelm-

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ing sense of the importance of the message he bore as an ambassador of Christ and a "legate of the skies." His ordinary discourses were frill of thought as well as of feeling. Those who heard the course of sermons on the "Epistle to the Hebrews," and on the "Life of Christ," (since published) need not be told that a more remarkable series of discourses has seldom been heard from an American pulpit. There were public occasions also when he discussed great topics with a fullness and a power that, left nothing more to be said, and with results of conviction in the minds of his auditors that nothing could shake, nothing even disturb. There are several discourses of Dr. Fisher that would alone make a distinguished reputation for any man, and are to be ranked among the highest efforts of the pulpit of his day. But not in the pulpit only did he shine. So unusually is marked excellence as a preacher combined with an equal excellence as a pastor that it, would not have been strange if Dr. Fisher had proved comparatively inefficient in pastoral work. Nevertheless he did prove to be an exceptionally good pastor. He gave living demonstration that one roan may be both great preacher and good pastor. In all the families that made up his congregation, his name was a household word. Carrying everywhere an atmosphere of cheerfulness and sunshine, no one ever met hire in social life without feeling the charm of his manners and conversation. Slow to condemn and quick to sympathize, shrinking instinctively from wounding the feelings of any, and prompt in all offices of kindness and love, he won the hearts of his people to a most. singular degree. Never was any pastor more universally beloved, The minister most, covetous of tile love of his people might well be satisfied with the measure of affection accorded to Dr. Fisher. A prince he was, not by virtue of any patent of nobility bestowed by an earthly monarch, but by the direct gift of Heaven, with the royal signet of the giver legibly impressed thereon; a prince in intellect, a prince in large and liberal culture, but over and above all, a prince in active sympathies, warm affections, and a great human heart going oat impulsively toward all that pertained to man, however lowly, or sin-stained, or despised, and devoting his best powers and faculties to the good of the world and the glory of God. It was in the practical and persistent consecration of the gifts and graces with which he was endowed, to these large and beneficent ends, that lie earned the title, secured the honors, and obtained tire rewards of a prince and a great man in Israel. Such, most imperfectly, and in the merest outline sketched, was Dr. Samuel Ware Fisher, up to the day and hour when, at the flood tide of his influence, and apparently in the meridian fullness of his intellectual and moral powers, he was, by the mysterious stroke of an unseen hand, suddenly struck down, leaving him with the bounding pulse of life faintly fluttering, the bright eye dimmed, the eloquent tongue mute or incoherent. His half-executed plans, his high expectations, his large purposes arrested, nothing remained for him but with child-like trust, and sweet patience to await the final sumcoons, which, January 18, 1874, at Cincinnati, came in kindness to call him home. The temporary torpor of his faculties was at once dispelled, the clouds and the shadows that gathered abort his setting sun have all been dissipated, the darkness has passed and light perennial and eternal beams on him; for, in his own beautiful words, "Another Teacher, infinitely wise and good, is now leading him lip to the heights of knowledge, and in a moment lie has learned more than men on earth can ever know."

ELIAS RIGGS MONFORT. A. M., LL.D. one of the editors of the Herald and Presbyter, a paper whose influence through the great Presbyterian body, which it represents, is second to none, was born March 2, 1842, at Greensburg, Indiana. Through his father, Rev. J. G. Monfort, D. D., LL.D., be is a descendant of that Huguenot stock which fled from France to Holland and England, sacrificing home

* Dr. S. W. Fisher. the subject of the foregoing sketch, was directly descended from an officer of the Continental army of the American Revolution. Jonathan Fisher (his gandfather), of the Massachusetts militia, was chosen by field officers its second lieutenant In Fifth Company, Northampton, Second Hampshire County Regiment, Massachusetts, March 22, 1776.

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and country for their religious convictions, and which has enriched so largely the life and thought of the nations among which it has rondo its home. Through the same line comes also a strong infusion of the sturdy liberty-loving Scotch-Irish blood. His mother, Hannah Rings, was a daughter of Rev. Elias Riggs, one of the pioneer ministers of New Jersey. She is a sister of the venerable, Christian missionary, Rev. Elias Riggs, D.D., LL.D., who for sixty years has been a missionary of the American board, in Turkey. Through the maternal line. Welsh, English and Scotch elements have furnished their vigorous vitality to his blood. To quote the language of another [Biog. and Hist.. Cyclopedia of Ohio]: He represents in person and character, the happy commingling of the blood of an honest and God fearing ancestry. and inherits from them the physical stature, mental energy, and stalwart qualities, that make the noblest and most progressive typo of American manhood.

His father removed to Cincinnati in 1855, and in 1856 became the president of the Glendale Female College, located in one of the important educational centers of southern Ohio. Young Monfort, at the age of fourteen, became a resident of Ohio. After prosecuting his studies in the best schools of Cincinnati and Glendale, he in 1859 entered Hanover College as a sophomore; but then his studies were interrupted by the out-break of the Civil war. He was among the first to forsake the quiet of college life for the battle's front, enlisting June 18, 1861, as a private in Company A, Sixth O. V. I. On October 8, following, he was promoted to second lieutenant, and assigned to the Seventy-fifth O. V. I. ; May 15, 1862, he was made first lieutenant, and January 12, 1863, was commissioned as captain. He was with the regiment continuously from the organization until disabled at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, having participated in over twenty battles. He was severely wounded in the hip, which it was feared would prove fatal, but after a long siege he recovered to find his career as a soldier terminated, and himself the possessor of a weakened limb and honorable scars. Capt. Monfort's fidelity to duty and courage in time of danger were recognized by all who served with him. His brave and collected demeanor in battle were marked as the fire grew hotter, and the danger increased. Maj. G. B. Fox wrote of him: "After Gettysburg. Capt. Monfort's hearing was admirable, the hotter the fire, the braver and cooler the man. Conscious of the danger that, surrounded him, his sense of duty was so strong that every service was performed regardless of personal peril." Col. Ben. Morgan, of the same regiment, reported as follows: "As an officer and a soldier, he was all that I could wish, being intelligent, faithful and brave one that I could place at all times implicit confidence in carrying out and obeying orders. On the battle-field, amidst carnage and death, lie was ever active and zealous in the discharge of his duties, fully realizing^, the glorious cause in which lie was enlisted, and which called forth man's noblest ambitions and energies." His prompt and efficient discharge of every duty, however dangerous or unpleasant, his personal interest in, and solicitude for, the well-being of his comrades amid the dangers and discouragements of military life, not Only won the confidence and esteem of his associates. but were officially commented upon and commended by his superior officers. Of his soldierly qualities, the gallant Col. Rielly, who fell at Chancellorsville, writing from Stafford Court House, Va., January 13. 1863, said: "He is one of the very few officers of the regiment who can be said always to have been at their post. I regard the company to which he is attached as one of the best drilled and disciplined companies of the regiment.. No company. I believe, has been better held together throughout our hard marches, hard fighting, and harder fare, than Company F."

After his return home, our subject returned to Hanover College, and graduated in 1865. Having chosen the law as his profession, he entered the Cincinnati Law School, graduating in 1867, and was admitted the same year to practice in the courts of Ohio. He determined, however, to enter upon the practical duties of his

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profession in his native place, Greensburg, Indiana. Here he received successive marks of the confidence of his fellow-citizens, by being elected, when a practitoner of but two years' standing!, district attorney for the Twenty-second District of Indiana, which office he held until 1872; in the same year he was elected prosecuting attorney for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Indiana. In 1874 he was admitted to practice in the supreme court of that State.

His wound interfering; with his practice of the law, at the desire of his father lie became an associate editor of the Herald and Presbyter, and has contributed largely to the editorial and business efficiency which has characterized its administrations. For many years he has been an active and influential elder in the Presbyterian Church, on Walnut Hills, and has occupied many positions of trust and honor in the gift of the Church at large. In 1869,. Hanover College conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts, and, in 1885, Highland University conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws. For many years he has been a trustee of Hanover College, and of Lane 'theological Seminary, of which latter institution he was treasurer for eight years. Twice he has been et member of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, and in 1888, by the appointment of that body, was one of its representatives at the meeting of the alliance of the Reformed Churches throughout the world holding the Presbyterian system, held in London, England. He has also served upon many of its important committees, notably upon that of Christian Unity, which had for its object the attainment of a closer union among all branches of the Evangelical Churches of this country. He is also a member of the assemblies committee on German theological seminaries, and a member of the committee of conference with the Southern Presbyterian Church on the question of the freedmen. He was appointed by the Assembly in session at Omaha, with Dr. Marquis, of Chicago, to carry the greetings of the Assembly to the Convention of the Protestant Episcopal Church then in session. Capt. Monfort is a public-spirited citizen, active in promoting good government, interested in important public improvements, ready to aid in pressing schemes for the relief of the weak and helpless, and zealous for the maintenance of law and order. He is a member of the Cincinnati board of education, and was instrumental in securing the Walnut Hills high school, which, when completed, will be the finest and best, equipped public-school building in southern Ohio. Although so largely devoted to religious and quasi-religious work, he has not lost his military spirit or ceased to be in touch with the great organizations which are aiming; to maintain unimpaired the martial and patriotic tone of our people. He is a member of the G. A. R., and of the Loyal Legion. His ancestral line, and collateral branches, contain many faithful and distinguished ministers, also many soldiers of the Revolutionary war. His grandfather. Rev. Francis Monfort, had (no less than) two brothers, four sons, and one son-in-law who were ministers. Three at least of his ancestors served in the war of Independence. Lawrence Monfort, his great-grandfather, with two brothers, served in Capt. Hugh Campbell's company from York county, in the Pennsylvania Line; Joseph Glass, in the Virginia Light Horse Troop, and Francis Cassatt, in Col. Fisher's New York Troop. The latter was also a member of the first Constitutional Convention of Pennyslvania, member of the War Committee for York county, Penn., and was appointed to grove the Pennsylvania militia into Now Jersey, during Washington's winter campaign. Capt. Monfort married Miss Emma Taylor, daughter of Eli Taylor, a prominent business man, and sister of Capt. J. G. Taylor. of Cincinnati, who served with distinction during the war on the stall of Gen. Gordon Granger. They have three children, Joseph Taylor, Hannah Louise, and Marguerite Morehead. [Prepared by Rev. Wm. McKibbin, D. D.

REV. FRANCIS CASSATT MONFORT, D. D., the second son of Rev. J. G. Monfort, D.D., LL.D., and Hannah (Riggs) Monfort, was born at Greensburg, Ind., September 1, 1844. He descended from two lines of ministers. Both his grandfathers,

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his father, and all the brothers of his father and mother were Ministers of the Presbyterian Church. His college studies were pursued at Hanover and Wabash, graduating at the latter in 1864, He spent one year at McCormick Theological Seminary, Chicago, two years at Lane Seminary, Cincinnati, and three years abroad at the Universities of Edinburgh and Berlin. One of his mother's brothers is Rev. Elias Riggs, D.D., LL. D., of Constantinople, Turkey, who has been for more than sixty years a missionary of the American Board in Turkey, and is widely known as an Oriental scholar and translator.

Dr. Monfort was licensed as a Minister in 1867, and ordained as pastor of the Orchard Street (now Fourth) Presbyterian Church in 1870. This pastorate continued three years when it was dissolved to enable him to accept a position as editor of the Herald and Presbyter, which place he has tilled with marked ability and acceptance for nearly a quarter of a century. In 1879 he was invited to occupy the pulpit, of the First Presbyterian Church, Cincinnati, temporarily vacant, thus adding the responsible duties of pastor to that of editor. He was pursuaded to continue this service, and in 1881 accepted a call as pastor, holding the position until 1888. His ministry in this historic church was eminently successful, taking charge at a critical time, and having to contend with difficulties peculiar to churches in business centers of large cities. His success was phenomenal, in view of the constant and heavy losses by migration of the members to the suburbs, notwithstanding which the membership was doubled. His popularity was not confined to the congregation, for his standing and influence among his ministerial brethren and the community was very marked. Promptness and faithful attention to every detail of duty was one of his characteristics. This was manifest in the uniform care shown in his sermons. His pulpit style was no doubt modified by his experience as an editor. His style shows him to be a master of clear, concise English, and his aim has always been to be understood rather than to be profound. In 1884 he published a volume of sermons which has since been translated into nine languages. the characteristics of his pulpit ministrations are well illustrated in this volume. his habit being to write with great exactness, and then deliver usually without manuscript, following very closely the line of thought in the manuscript. The "Presbyterian Journal," when reviewing this book, said: " These sermons are possessed of a peculiar excellence in this regard, viz.: that simplicity that conveys the greatest truths to as in a framework f phraseology that seems first to be commonplace in this style of expression. but on examination shows itself to be beyond the reach of just criticism because of the vigor embodied in its simplicity."

Dr. Monfort has been a voluminous writer for the press, entering into all the questions of the day as an original thinker. He is a man of clear views and strong convictions of duty, with the courage of his convictions. He is a strong Calvinist in theology, and a conservative in Church polity, holding firmly to the belief that the Church is divinely appointed as the instrument by which the Lord's work is to be done. In temperament he is calm, and never governed by temporary emotion or excitement,. In his church work the growth of members was continuous and even. His personality and influence have been widely extended beyond the lines of work as an editor and preacher. He has been prominent in the work of city evangelization, and his counsel is sought by all who know him as wise and timely, and he has always been recognized in ecclesiastical, as well as business and social circles, as a man of integrity and sound judgment.

REV. HUGH W. GILCHRIST, who at the inception of this work was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Cincinnati, was born in Shelbyville, Shelby Co., Ohio, December 7, 1858, and is a son of Rev. John and Sophia (Monfort) Gilchrist. The father, who was also a Presbyterian clergyman, reared a family of seven children, of whom our subject is the sixth. When he was but four years old his father died, and a year later his mother removed with her family to a farm at Greenfield, Ind., where they remained seven years.

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At the age of fifteen our subject apprenticed himself to an older brother to learn the trade of cabinet maker, which lie followed for several years, and while in college operated a large planing mill. He was graduated from Hanover College in 1885, and completed his theology at Lane Seminary in 1888. While a student at the seminary be took up supply work at Pilgrim Chapel, and after graduating, upon the resignation of Dr. F. C. Monfort, he succeeded him as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. Here he did very efficient work until 1893 when, on account of declining health, he was forced to announce his resignation to a large congregation moved to tears by sympathy and regret. He is now located at Gettysburg, Penn., where it is hoped he may recover his usual health, made robust by his early training, bait, nearly shattered in the service of tile, Lord. Rev. Gilchrist was married June 17, 1890, to Miss Margaret, daughter of Joshua B. and Sarah (Crowe) Garrit, the former professor of Greek in Hanover College, the latter a daughter of Dr. Crowe, who was the founder and first president of the college.

REV. EDWARD HOWE LEAVITT, the father of Edward S. Leavitt. and son of Hon. H. H. Leavitt, was born in 1829, graduated from Washington and Jefferson College, studied law and was admitted to the Bar. He then studied and was prepared for the ministry tit the Theological Seminary of Princeton College, New Jersey. Aside from his ministerial calling he was well known as a literary writer and critic, his articles appearing in the " North American," "International" and "Church" reviews, He died in Cincinnati June 22, 1888.

REV. ADOLPHUS SPRING DUDLEY was born at Cincinnati November 15, 1834. His grandfather, Rev. Elias Dudley, was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1788, studied for the ministry, and was pastor of the Huguenot church at Oxford. Mass., for twenty years. His father, Otis Dudley, married Miss Elizabeth Richardson, of Uxbridge. Mass., and they made their first home at Harper's Ferry, Va., where four children-William Augustus, Caroline Louisa, Otis, Jr., and Sarah Judson-were born to them. In 1833 they removed to Cincinnati, where 'Mr. Dudley engaged in mercantile business on Main street, and here the subject of this sketch was born. Five years later Mr. Dudley removed to Williamsburg in Clermont comity, where another daughter, Helen Margaret, was born, and where he spent the remainder of his life in active business, dying in 1872.

Our subject prepared for college and was graduated in 1858 at Miami University, with the honors of his class. He studied theology at Lane Seminary. finished his course in 1861, and in the same Year settled at Morrow, Ohio, in his first charge. In addition to his pastoral work lie was active in encouraging enlistments in the Union army, and in 1864 himself enlisted as a private, being at one(, promoted to the chaplaincy of his regiment. At the close of his service he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Phipps Mansfield, eldest daughter of the late E. D. Mansfield, and at once accepted the pastorate of the Second Presbyterian Church of Logansport, Ind. In 1869 he resigned this charge, and was immediately called to the Presbyterian Church of Granville, Olio. After six Years lie was called to the Lane Seminary Church, Cincinnati, remaining with this church until 1879, He spent the two succeeding years at Emporia, Kans., laboring as pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of that city, and aiding in founding and endowing the College of Emporia. For a number of years he was president of the board of trustees of Granville Female College, and for two years occupied the chair of philosophy in that institute n. His voice having been impaired by bronchial disease, he engaged for several ears in secular business, principally as editor of the "Law Bulletin" of Cincinnati, and as contributor to various publications. His eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Mr. G. E. Coddington, of the Third National Bank of Cincinnati, and they have one son, Dudley Coddington; his second daughter, Miss Edith Dudley, is a member of the Faculty of the State Normal School of Pennsylvania; his third daughter, Miss Helen Margaret Dudley, is a member of the class of 1896 of Wellesley College; his

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son, Mansfield Dudley, is in Hughes High School. Mr. Dudley now (1894) is in charge of the Riverside Congregational Church.

JOHN ROSS BAUMES was born in Carlisle, N. Y., December 28, 1833, His father, Jacob Baumes, a farmer, was a native of New York, of English and German descent, and his mother, Susan (Bowler) Baumes, was a native of Rhode Island. of English descent. The subject of this sketch received his early education and prepared in part for college at the Scoharie Academy, and then entered Madison (now Colgate) University, from the College Department of which institution he was graduated in 1857, and from its Theological Department in 1859. He was immediately thereafter ordained, and became pastor of the First Baptist Church of Westfield, Mass., where he remained until the breaking out of the Civil war, when he was appointed chaplain of the Sixty-first Now York Volunteer Infantry. In the spring of 1862, ill health compelled his resignation of the chaplaincy, and later in the same year he accepted a call from the First Baptist Church of New London, Conn. He next occupied the pulpit of the First Baptist Church of Springfield, Ohio, until 1872, then corning to Cincinnati to assume the editorial management of the "Journal and Messenger," succeeding Rev. T. J. Melish, with which publication lie was identified until 1877, and during which period the circulation of that paper increased from three thousand to ten thousand, due to the radical improvements made thereon by Dr. Baumes. In 1879 he founded the " Baptist Quarterly," which he edited for six years, and which was esteemed one of the leading periodicals of its kind in the United States. Subsequent to Dr. Baumes' sale of the "Quarterly," its publishers transferred its publication office to New York City. Since 1886 Dr. Baumes has been engaged in miscellaneous literary work. He is a Republican, and was one of the Ohio Presidential electors in 1884. He is a member of the Harrison Monument Commission.

Dr. Baumes has been twice married. His first wife, whom be married in 1857, was Romelia E., daughter of A. B. Willcox, a broker of New York City, who resided at Newtown, L. I. She died at Springfield, Ohio, in 1865. In 1868 Dr. Baumes married S. Jennie, daughter of A. O. Hayward, a lumber merchant of Springfield, Ohio. Of the children born of this marriage, five survive: Harriet L., a graduate of Mount Auburn Seminary; Ogden Hayward, an employe in the Cincinnati post office; Nellie Bowler; S. Jennie, Jr., and Palmer Bowler. The family reside at Tusculum, and are members of the Columbia Baptist Church.

REV. DUDLEY WARD RHODES, D. D., was born February 25, 1849, in Marietta, Ohio. His father, Charles R. Rhodes, was the second son of Dr. Dudley W. Rhodes, of Zanesville, Ohio, one of the earliest surgeons in the State and a pioneer in Masonry. Charles R. Rhodes was an eminent lawyer in Marietta. He married, in 1846, Mary Elizabeth Ward, daughter of Nahun Ward. of Marietta. Mr. Ward came from Shrewsbury, Mass., in 1814, and was one of the largest landowners in the State, and had brought many colonies of Scotch settlers into the Hocking Valley. Through his mother, the subject of this sketch claims descent from Maj. Gen. Ward, Washington's second in command in the Revolution. The family in which Rev. Dr. Rhodes was reared consisted of five girls and two boys. The eldest daughter is now Mrs. T. Romeyn Bunn; of Amsterdam, N. Y.; the second is Mrs. Frank It. Ellis, of Cincinnati; Mrs. Louis Peddingham, of Marietta, Ohio, and Mrs. W. W. Harris, of St. Louis, are his other sisters; one, Mrs. Harriet Denny Harris, having died in 1888. His only brother is Charles Ward Rhodes, of the Museum of Fine Arts in St. Louis. Judge Rhodes, his father, died in 1887, and his mother still lives in the fine old homestead in Marietta.

Dr. Rhodes received all his early education in his native town, passing through the public schools and Marietta College. At the close of his Junior year in College he went abroad and spent a year in Europe with a tutor, and on his return entere the first Senior class in Cornell University, graduating in 1869 in the class wit

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Hon. J. D. Foraker and Judge Buchwalter. After two years study of law, Dr. Rhodes entered the Philadelphia Divinity School of the Protestant Episcopal Church, graduated, and was ordained a deacon by Bishop Bedell at Easter, 1874, in St. Luke's Church, Marietta, Ohio, where he had been baptized and confirmed. Coining to Cincinnati at once he took charge of St. Paul's Church, on Fourth street, in which he was ordained a priest by Bishop Talbot, of Indiana, Advent Sunday, 1874. In May, 1876, he took the rectorship of the Church of Our Savior, Mt. Auburn, which had just organized with twenty-nine members, and without any church building or property whatever. Here he has remained ever since, and has now a handsome stone church and rectory worth $60,000, large schools and societies, and three hundred communicants. In 1875 he married Miss Laura Wiggins, daughter of Samuel B. Wiggins. of St.. Louis. who died in 1883 leaving two sons, Goodrich Barbour Rhodes, born in 1876, and Frank Ridgely Rhodes, born in 1877. In 1885, lie married Jennie, third daughter of Truman R. and Marietta Handy. Their only child, Helen Marietta Rhodes, was born in 1886, and died in her young beauty in 1894.

Dr. Rhodes has been, a voluminous writer and popoular lecturer. "Creed and Greed," a volume of lectures on city misgovernment; "Dangers and Duties" [Lippincot, 1880], lectures to young men; "Marriage and Divorce," and many essays, sermons, poems, etc.. have issued from his pen. In 1892 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Marietta College. He was the first clergyman ever elected to the directory of the Young Men's Mercantile Library of Cincinnati, and in 1890 was elected president of the same institution over so strong a competitor as Hon. Charles Fleischman. He has been for ten years a trustee of Kenyon College; for fifteen years the examining chaplain of the Diocese of Southern Ohio, a deputy to the General Convention, chairman of the committee on Canons, and a member of all the important committees of the Diocese. He is also a Son of the Revolution, and chaplain of the Ohio Society.

REV. JOHN M. WALDEN, D.D., LL.D,, bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church; is a native of Ohio, and has spent most of his useful life in Cincinnati, He has, since his graduation from college in 1852, been earnestly engaged in educational, civil and ecclesiastical affairs. As a tutor in his Alma Mater, as a member of the editorial staff of the Cincinnati Commercial, and subsequently as editor, State publisher, member of the Legislature and superintendent of education in Kansas, he accomplished a good work in affairs of state.

In 1858 Bishop Walden returned to Ohio. and devoted himself to the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Cincinnati Conference. Having been successively pastor, city missionary, and presiding elder, lie was sent to the General Conference in 1864, and by that body was elected to the book agency, in which office he continued until he was chosen bishop, in 1884, by the General Conference tit Philadelphia. He has spent the greater part of his life in Cincinnati, where lie was formerly a member of the school board, and has taken a commendable interest in the public and theological libraries, as well as in Church work. For many years he has been president of the board of trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1881, he was sent to London as a member of the Methodist Ecumenical Confercucs where he presented the cause of temperance from the American standpoint, and the cause he serves owes much to his industry and sustained application. While busy in city mission work, he took such interest in the. cause of the freedmen that he was chosen secretary of the Western Freedmen's Aid Society. and became active in the organization of the Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church. As a bishop, he is a good presiding officer and administrator of Church affairs. He is capable of long continued labors, and does his work as Mr. Lincoln did--by careful attention to details, Bishop Walden believes in the force and educational power of statistics, and he makes frequent and forceful use of statistical

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facts. He is an observing traveler, au accurate chronicler of events, and a firm believer in the providential origin and mission of Methodism. He has been identified with every General Conference since 1864, either as delegate or president. During the ten years he has filled the episcopal office he has resided almost continuously in Cincinnati, but has traveled extensively over the United States and Europe in the exercise of his Episcopal supervision. He is affectionately regarded by the Methodist people of Cincinnati as their resident Bishop.

REV. EARL CRANSTON, D.D., who is now at the head of the publishing business of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cincinnati, Chicago, St. Louis and on the Pacific coast, resides at Avondale, Cincinnati. and is another Ohio roan who has won distinction for the Commonwealth. The classic city of Athens was his birthplace. Here, amidst the rugged hills that, line the shores of the Hocking river, along the valleys of which the Baltimore & Ohio and the Hocking Valley railroads pick their devious ways, Dr. Cranston grew to manhood, developing a vigorous body squarely built and above the average height. In 1861 he graduated with honor from the Ohio University under the presidency of that distinguished Ohio educator, Rev. Solomon Howard, D.D., LL.D. Mr. Cranston's daring and patriotic spirit led hint into the Union army as a volunteer, and after faithful service lie attained the captaincy. Rev. William Taylor, now the missionary bishop of Africa, visited Athens and held revival service, in which many students, including Mr. Cranston, were converted.

After the close of the war Mr. Cranston studied for business, and was engaged in commercial affairs until 1867, when he entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the Ohio Conference, and became pastor at Portsmouth. He was subsequently settled as pastor at Columbus, Ohio, Winona, Minn., Jacksonville, Ill., Evansville, Ind., Trinity, Cincinnati, and Denver, Colo. ; changes being necessitated by the health of his family. While at Denver, Dr. Cranston took a prominent part in the movement to create and establish the Denver University, having been both secretary of the trustees, and chairman of the finance committee, and later a member of the Faculty. While presiding elder of the southern district of the Colorado Conference, which covered a territory of 70,000 square miles and required 11,000 miles of travel a year, Dr. Cranston, in 1884. was elected book agent, and removed to Cincinnati. As a testimonial of his literary standing the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by both Cornell College, Iowa, and Alleghany College, Pennsylvania, simultaneously in 1882. Quick of movement, in business as in the pulpit, Dr. Cranston embodies and awakens animations. Celerity has been the characteristic of his life. During the ten years of his administration, the business of his agency has been largely increased, and the annual sales now amount to a million and a quarter dollars, To accommodate this immense trade new buildings have been erected on West Fourth street at great expense, which are amongst the most substantial and ornamental in Cincinnati. This artistic and commodious structure was dedicated with imposing ceremonies February 13, 1894, Dr. Cranston has made himself familiar with all the connectional interests of world-wide Methodism, so that as a churchman his influence is potent and valuable. Besides administering the affairs of this large commercial trust, Dr. Cranston is also the assistant treasurer of the funds of the Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the collections and disbursements of which about equal the sales of the Western Methodist Book Concern, $1,250,000 annually. As Dr. Cranston was born in the summer of the Tippecanoe Presidential campaign of the Ohio candidate, lie is yet in his prime, and his usefulness, like the Church he represents, is in the ascendant. Mens sana in corpore san spirituelle and earnest. Dr. Cranston is by constitution and habit optimistic. [By Rev. 1). J. Starr.

REV. EZRA KELLER BELL, D. D., was born November 14, 1853, near Leitersburg, Washington Co., Md. His parents were George and Mary Ann (Mickley) Bell, of

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German and French Huguenot extraction. He was reared in his native county. In 1872 he entered Wittenberg College, Springfield. Ohio, graduating in 1877 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1879 he graduated from the Theological Department of that institution, and in September of that year was ordained to the ministry at Bryan, Ohio, by the Wittenberg Synod of the Lutheran Church. His first pastorate was West Liberty, Ohio. On September 1, 1881, he accepted a call to Findlay, Ohio, and during his incnmbency the present handsome church edifice at that place was erected. October 1, 1884, he came to Cincinnati as pastor of the First English Lutheran Church, situated on Elm street, between Ninth and Court. At that time this congregation numbered one hundred and sixty members and was the only English Lutheran Church in the city. It now numbers four hundred members, and, largely through Dr. Bell's efforts, three other English Lutheran Churches have been organized in the city and suburbs. His congregation is now preparing to erect a fine church building on a lot which has been secured oil Race street, opposite Washington Park.

The Doctor has also been responsibly connected with reformatory and evangelistic movements of a general character. To him was originally due the suggestion of the Committee of Five Hundred which accomplished so much for the purification of municipal politics several years ago. He was prominently identified with the Jones and Mills revivals, and in 1892 he was elected president of the Cincinnati Evangelical Alliance, which position he still holds. In 1891 he received from his Alma Mater the honorary title of Doctor of Divinity. In 1893 he was elected president of the board of directors of Wittenberg College. During his last year at college he was editor of the " Wittenberger. " In 1800 he was editor of the " Lutheran Evangelist." In addition to his pastoral and pulpit work, he has been editor of the "Lutheran World " since it was founded in 1892. On October 15, 1879, the Doctor married Jennie E., daughter of John McNaull, of Mansfield, Ohio, and they are the parents of three living children; Paul S., Ethel, and Stanley McNaull. Dr. Bell is a Republican in politics.

REV. DAVID JUDSON STARR, M.A., D.D., has been longer connected with the pastorate of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Cincinnati than any other resident minister, having become a pastor here in 1860. The following year he organized the Fairmount Church and took it under his pastoral care. In 1863 he was associated with Bishop Walden in the superintendency of the work of the Ladies' Home Mission Society, which was then in its greatest prosperity, having under its care five chapels, with over 2,000 in its Sunday-school. In 1878 Dr. Starr became pastor of the York Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and five years later, in 1883, he was appointed Presiding Elder of the East Cincinnati District, one of the largest and most important, in the Church, embracing thirty ministerial charges, among which were Trinity, Walnut Hills, Wesley. and Asbury charges, of Cincinnati, and First Church and Trinity, of Xenia. Amongst the extra official duties of Dr. Starr while on the district was the supervision of the Epworth Heights Camp Meeting, in which he was assisted by Bishop Peck, Bishop Walden, Bishop Joyce, Rev. Sam Jones, and other ministers. The success of Dr. Starr's administrative work was seen in five new churches built under his leadership, and in the increased payments for the support of the preachers of his district. Dr. Starr has been over twenty years connected with the secretarial work of the Cincinnati Conference, and was for six years secretary-in-chief of that body. The degree of M.A. was conferred upon him by Miami University in 1863, and that of D.D. by Mount Union College in 1881. He is a native of Ohio, and spent, his boyhood in the City of Dayton. Dr. Starr spent the summer of 1881 in Great Britain and on the Continent, visiting the chief cities, cathedrals, lakes and mountains, preaching in several continental churches. and tarrying for a time in the home of his distinguished and wealthy ancestry at Kent, England, where in 1631 the records show that Dr. Comfort Starr was warden of

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St. Mary's Church. This distinguished physician came with his family to Boston. Mass., in 1634, and was the father of Rev. Comfort Starr, charter Fellow of Harvard College. Dr. D. J. Starr was a pastor in Cincinnati at the breaking out of the Rebellion, and rendered valuable support to the Sanitary and Christian Commissions in their great work, visiting the soldiers in their camps and hospitals, and preaching and lecturing on patriotic subjects. Dr. Starr is a versatile writer, contributes liberally to periodical literature, and is at present pastor of East Pearl Street Congregation, and financial secretary of the Society for the Suppression of Vice.

REV. WILLIAM MCKIBBIN, D. D., theologian and minister, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church on Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, was born May 24, 1850, in Pittsburgh, Penn. His parents were William Campbell McKibbin and Jane Denny Brackenridge, both natives of Pennsylvania. The former died in 1868, and the latter in 1890. His father, William C. McKibbin, was formerly a dry-goods merchant, a member of the firm of Hampton, Smith & Co., Pittsburgh, Penn., and later the proprietor of the " Merchants' Hotel," Philadelphia.

Dr. McKibbin came of the noble ancestry which laid deep and strong the foundations of religious, social and political power that has given the "Keystone State" so much influence in national affairs. His great-grandfather, Jeremiah McKibbin, was a native of Hillsborough, Ireland, having come to America during the latter part of the last century, but before the Revolutionary war, in which he served as a corporal in Company-, Pennsylvania State troops. He settled near Newville, Penn., and married Mary Chambers, a member of the famous Chambers family, founders of Chambersburg, Penn. His maternal great-grandfather was Hon. Hugh Henry Brackenridge, of Pittsburgh, an eminent jurist author of " Modern Chivalry," and at the time of his death in 1816, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania. Another maternal grandfather was William Porter, of Pittsburgh, owner of the first "nail mill" west of the Alleghany Mountains. Dr. McKibbin's grandfather, Chambers McKibbin, illustrated, in his career, the cosmopolitan character of American life;. he was a farmer, financier and politician; a prominent Democratic leader, and an active and influential citizen; he was assistant quartermaster at Pittsburgh, under President Jackson; postmaster under President Polk; naval officer under President Buchanan, at Philadelphia, and treasurer of the Mint and U. S. Assistant Treasurer under Johnson. Four uncles achieved distinction in the army; all were brevetted for bravery and gallant conduct in battle; one of them, Gen. D. B. McKibbin, was thus honored five times; another, Col. Joseph C. McKibbin, after leaving the army became a member of Congress from California, and aided Douglas in resisting the admission of Kansas as a slave state; another, Maj. Chambers McKibbin, is still in the regular array. Dr. McKibbin's brothers inherited the chivalrous spirit of their ancestry, and all served with credit during the Civil war; one of them.. Chambers McKibbin, is now inspector-general of the National Guard of Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch would have been with his brothers in the army, but for his extreme youth.

Dr. McKibbin graduated at Princeton College in 1869; studied law 1869-70 with Furman Shepherd at Philadelphia, and then took a course of theology, graduating at Alleghany Seminary in 1873. His pastorates have been with the Seventh Presbyterian Church. Pittsburgh, 1873-74; the Central Presbyterian Church, St. Paul, Minn., 1874-79; the Second Presbyterian Church. Pittsburgh, 1880-88; the First Presbyterian Church, Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, 1888, where lie still remains, honored and beloved by the membership of this church, the strongest and most active Presbyterian organization in Cincinnati. He was married, September 10, 1874, to Miss Nancy McCullock Patterson, daughter of Joseph Patterson, who was a grandson of Rev. Joseph Patterson, one of the pioneer Presbyterian pastors of western Pennsylvania. Her mother was Mary .Baird, daughter of Hon. Thomas

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H. Baird, for many years on the Bench of Washington County, Penn. Both branches were Presbyterian, from whom Mrs. McKibbin inherited her mental and moral excellence and those virtues and graces which adorn the highest type of Christian womanhood. Dr. McKibbin is a man of strong personality, his mind vigorous and active, his memory retentive, with the happy faculty of hasty logical classification of reserve stores of information. His pulpit ministrations and public addresses show careful preparation and positive convictions. As an orator he is magnetic, persuasive, logical and eloquent, sometimes moving his audience to tears. His manner is often impassioned, but so flexible as to yield to the play of thought consistent with rhetorical expression. His ability and influence are recognized by his brethren in the ministry, and he is frequently called upon for lectures and addresses. He was appointed by the General Assembly as a delegate to the PanPresbyterian Council at Toronto, Canada, in 1892, and was chosen by the committee to read an important paper which excited great attention and interest. He was appointed by the Cincinnati Presbytery as chairman of the prosecuting committee in the notable Smith heresy trial in 1892 and 1893, which he conducted with great skill and wisdom to a successful termination. He is a member of the American Academy of Social and Political Science; president of the board of directors of the Western Tract Society; was for many years a director in the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny, until 1889, and his services are sought on committees engaged in Christian and Philanthropic work in the city of his residence. He is yet in the prime of life, with a future of increasing usefulness before him.-[Prepared by E. R. Monfort.

REV. JAMES W. MAGRUDER, pastor of Wesley Chapel M. E. Church, No. 66 East Fifth street, Cincinnati, was born September 13, 1864, at Marion, Ohio, son of Thomas J. and Elizabeth (Fribley) Magruder. His father was a native of Virginia and came to Ohio with his brother; they had one horse, which they rode alternately, and thus made the journey with comparative comfort. Thomas J. Magruder was a saddler and harness-maker. His wife was a native of Tuscarawas county, Ohio, of German-American descent, and they had four children: Charles O.; Mary R., wife of E. J. Short of Bellefontaine, Ohio; a child who died in infancy, and James W.

The last named attended the Marion public schools, graduating at, the high school in 1881. In the autumn of that year he entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, graduating in 1885. He was then a student at Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, N. J., two years, during which time he took a fall threeyears' course, which was rendered possible by previous preparations, and graduated in 1887. On September 21, 1887, he married Mamie E., daughter of Jesse W. and Charlotte (Mumford) Dann, of Columbus, Ohio, where Mr. Dann was an extensive manufacturer of carriage and wagon woodwork and a director in the Citizens' National Bank. On their bridal day Mr, and Mrs. Magruder started for Cambridge. England, where he spent a year in the study of the Greek New Testament under Canon Westcott, now Bishop of Durham. They spent seven months in travel in Great Britain and on the Continent, and then returned to America. Mr. Magruder's first experience in pastoral work was obtained during his vacation in 1886, when he supplied the Methodist Church on the Huntsburg (Ohio) Circuit. In April, 1888, he took charge of a vacant church at Madrid, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., where he remained ten months, and then supplied the pulpit at Camp Washington, Cincinnati, for three years. In 1892 he assumed his present pastorate. Mr. and Mrs. Magruder are the parents of one child, Marguerite. He is independent in politics, with Republican proclivities.

REV. ROBERT A. GIBSON, rector of Christ Protestant Episcopal Church, Fourth street, Cincinnati, was born July 9, 1846, at Petersburg, Va., son of Rev. Churchill J. Gibson, D.D., and Lucy F. (Atkinson) Gibson, natives of Virginia, and descendants of early English and Scotch pioneers of that State.

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His education was begun at the, private school of Charles Campbell, the wellknown Virginian historian, where he was prepared for the Episcopal High School near Alexandria. This institution was broken up during the Civil war, and for one year ho attended Mt. Laurel Academy, Halifax county, Va. For two years he was a student at Hampden-Sidney College, but left it in June, 1864, to enlist in the Rockbridge Artillery, a company in the First Virginia regiment, commanded by Lieut.. Col. Hardaway until the close of the war. This regiment surrendered at Appomattox with the main body of Lee's army April 9, 1865. In the following year Mr. Gibson taught in Greensville County, Va. In 1866 he resumed his studies at Hampden-Sidney College, graduating therefrom in 1867, and at the Theological Seminary, Alexandria, Va., in 1870. For two years he was the missionary of the convocation for a number of destitute points in the valley of the James and Appomattox. In October, 1872, he became assistant to the Rev. Joshua Peterkin, D. D., rector of St. James Church, Richmond, continuing in this position six years. During the last four years, however, he had charge of Moore Memorial Chapel, which, as a result of his labors, was raised to the dignity of an independent parish. From 1878 to 1887 be was rector of Trinity Church, Parkersburg, W. Va., and in 1887 he assumed his present charge, in which lie has been most efficient and successful. He married Susan Baldwin Stuart, daughter of Hon. Alexander H. H. Stuart, of Staunton, Va., a member of Fillmore's cabinet and member of Congress. They have five children: Alexander Stuart, Lucy Fitzhugh, Frances Peyton, Mary and Churchill.

REV. JOHN JUNKIN FRANCIS, D. D., Presbyterian clergyman and treasurer of the advisory board of the Presbyterian Hospital and Woman's Medical College, residence No. 61 Mound street, Cincinnati, was born June 6, 1847, at New Wilmington, Penn., son of William M. and Eleanor (Junkin) Francis, natives of the North of Ireland and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of Scotch-Irish origin. The father came to America in 1830 and engaged in farming. He was lieutenant-governor of Pennsylvania when the Civil war broke out. He reared a family of eight children, six living, of whom our subject was fifth in order of birth.

He was reared on a farm, educated in the public schools and Westminster College at New Wilmington, Penn., then attended Eastman Business College, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and graduated in 1869 at the Western Theological Seminary. He was then appointed pastor of the Presbyterian Church of Freeport. Armstrong Co., Penn,, from 1869 to 1879; then went to the Birmingham (Penn.) Presbyterian Church from 1879 to 1885; he then occupied the pastorate of the Central Presbyterian Church, of Cincinnati, Ohio. from 1885 to 1891, when he entered upon the duties of his present position, and devotes spare time to literary work. He received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity from the Western University of Pennsylvania in 1887. Dr. Francis is editor of Mills Meetings Memorial Volume," correspondent for the New York "Independent " and Presbyterian " of Philadelphia, Penn , and also writes occasionally for several other religious journals. He is lecturer at Hanover College, Indiana, on English literature, and is a member of the board of trustees of Oxford College, Ohio; also of Scotia Seminary, Concord, N. C. He was one of the vice-presidents of the Committee of Five Hundred in the work for municipal reform in Cincinnati in 1889, was three times a member of the Presbyterian General Assembly at the meetings held at Baltimore, Saratoga and Detroit. He has lectured before many of the leading colleges on subjects of science and literature. In his early manhood he was the editor of a local paper. When sixteen years old lie enlisted in the Union army as a ninety-day man, serving for three months in West Virginia. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and United Workmen, and politically is a Republican. He was married, October 26, 1869, to Miss Louise C., daughter of Dr. Samuel P. and Isabel (Staten) Cummins. natives of Pennsylvania. Two children have blessed the union of Mr. and Mrs. Francis:

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Robin W. C., a student at Princeton College, and Nellie M. C., a student at Bartholomew's Classical School of Cincinnati.

REV. DAVIS MCKINNEY, pastor of the First. Reformed Presbyterian Church, was born in Philadelphia May 20, 1860, son of William and Margaret (Ritchie) McKinney, both natives of Kilrea, County Derry, Ireland. The family is connected with the Reformed Presbyterian Church, in which faith the subject of this sketch was reared.

He attended the public schools of his native city, studied under a private tutor two years and attended the University of Pennsylvania two years, relinquishing his college course to enter the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Presbyterian Church at Philadelphia. Here he took a four-years' course in theology. On April 3, 1883, he was licensed to preach the gospel, and during the summer of that year supplied churches in Brooklyn, Philadelphia and southern Illinois. In March, 1884, he completed his theological studies, and in the following autumn accepted a call from the Reformed Presbyterian Church at Elgin, Ill., and was ordained in Sparta, Ill., October 2, 1884, by the Western Presbytery of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. In the spring of 1886 he resigned this pastorate, and spent. the following year preaching tit various points front New York to Kansas. On June 1, 1887, in company with Rev. C. M. Alford, of Wheeling, W. Va., he embarked for Europe, and spent six months in the British Isles and on the Continent. Upon his return he preached at Pittsburgh, Philadelphia and Cincinnati through the ensuing winters. On April 1, 1888, lie received a call to the First Reformed Church of Cincinnati, located on Plum street, opposite City Hall, in which he was installed June 19 following. Mr. McKinney was secretary of the Committee of Five Hundred, which conducted the famous campaign for municipal reform in 1889, chairman of the advertising committee of the Mills meeting; is a member of the executive committee of the Evangelical Alliance of Cincinnati; in 1892 was moderator of the General Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church at its sessions at Cedarville, Ohio, and is president of the board of examiners of its Theological Seminary located at Philadelphia. He married, June 3, 1891, Carrie Haines, daughter of Dwight B. and Lida (Reed) Chapin, of Cincinnati, and they have one child, David Earl Chapin, born June 12, 1893.

REV. REINHOLD KOESTLIN, pastor of the Evangelical Protestant Church of Columbia, was born in Metzingen, Wuerttemberg, Germany, May 22, 1845, and is the eldest of four surviving children who blessed the union of Dr. William and Louisa (Heerbraud) Koestlin, the former of whom was a physician there, afterward oberamt's arzt in Backnang, Wuerttemberg.

Our subject graduated from the College of Humaniora, in Stuttgart, and the University of his Kingdom in 1866, and served for two years as a lieutenant in the Second Sharpshooters Battalion of Wuerttemberg. He immigrated to the United Stated and landed, on the 20th of February, 1869, at New York, proceeding from there to Baltimore, where he engaged in the newspaper business. Subsequently he entered the ministry of the Evangelical Church, and in 1871 took charge of his first pastorate, in Princeton, Ind., where he remained for one year. He then removed to Lawrenceburg, Ind., remaining there nine months, and removing again, he went to North Amherst, Ohio, where he remained for three years, thence going to Middletown, same State, where lie built a church and organized a new congregration. In 1877 he was called to St. John's Church, in Newport, Ky., where he remained five years. In 1882 he removed to Alexandria. Campbell Co., Ky., and On July 2, 1893, took charge of his present parish. Mr. Koestlin was married, in September, 1868, to Anna Newman, who died September 9, 1890, and to them were born three children, two of whom survive, viz.: William, who resides in Newport, Ky., and Frederick. residing with his father. Rev. Koestlin's eloquence is proverbial, and those who have heard him have felt the better therefor. He is also as eloquent theoreti-

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tally as oratorically, having written many magazine and newspaper articles of more than usual merit.

The surviving members of our subject's family are as follows: Eliza, Stephanie and Hans, all of whom reside in Germany. The father of Mr. Koestlin died February 2, 1888 aged seventy. In 1842 he visited the United States as medical officer of an immigrant ship. and remained some six months in Philadelphia, awaiting the return of the vessel, which had proceeded to Rio de Janeiro. His mother died May 19, 1887. The grandfather of our subject, Rev. Nathaniel Frederick von Koestlin, D. D., was a prelate of the Evangelical Church of Wuerttemberg, in Stuttgart, Wuerttemberg, and passed away at the age of eighty years. The great-grandfather was also a prelate of the Evangelical Church of his country, and died at the age of eighty-four, while administering the rite of confirmation to a large class, and while in the act of placing his hands on the heads of the two little girls last to he confirmed.

REV. F. W. ADOMEIT, pastor of Zion Evangelical Church (Protestant) on Bremen street, was born in Koenigsberg, Germany, and is the second eldest of three children who blessed the union of Gottlieb and Carolina (Mantwill). Both father and mother were natives of Koenigsberg. The father died in 1867, and the mother in 1865.

Rev. F. W. Adomeit was educated in the high school of Koenigsberg, where he was graduated. He cane to the United States in 1873. At first lie made his way to St. Charles, Mo., where he was ordained a minister of the Evangelical Synod of North America the same year, by Rev. A. Baltzer, president of the Evangelical Synod, and Right-Rev. Bishop Goebel. He resided in that city for six years, and was pastor of St. Paul's Church. Leaving there in 1879, lie went to Henderson, Ky., and officiated as pastor of Zion Church, in that city, for five years, after which he removed to Cincinnati and entered upon his duties as pastor of Zion Church, the position he now occupies. Rev. Adomeit was united in marriage, in 1873, with Augusta Priddat, a daughter of Julius and Amelia (Eckert) Priddat, both natives of Koenigsberg, Germany. They have had born to them nine children, six of whom survive: Mattie, Talitha, Erich, Hugo, Florence and Curt. Rev. Adomeit is a member of the Evangelical Synod of North America,

OSCAR WEGENER, pastor of St. Luke's German Evangelical Protestant Church, East Third street. The German Protestants of the neighborhood of this church. before having organized a congregation and built a church of their own, had to walk very far to attend the services of a church of their denomination, the nearest being located at Twelfth and Elm streets. Therefore they assembled in several meetings to establish a German Evangelical Protestant Congregation, and after some preliminaries succeeded, in a meeting held January 22, 1865, when eighty-four members joined the new congregation, which was called "St. Luke's German Evangelical Protestant Congregation," and the following officers were elected: President, George Elsenhoefer; treasurer, Phil Kauther; secretary, Henry Pirrman. Now the new congregation was looking for a church of their own, and in a meeting held March 8, 1865, a committee was appointed to buy a Baptist church on East Third street, opposite Parsons, which was known as "Mueller's Church," and had to be sold for want of members. The interior of the church was rebuilt to obliterate the Baptist character and to accommodate the structure more to the Evangelical Protestant way. The new congregation purchased an organ, erected a gallery to put it in, and in 1871 built it steeple to give the church a better appearance. In 1869 the congregation leased the lot adjoining the church and erected a parsonage. Ten years later they bought the lot.

The following ministers have served the congregation: J. C. Goebel, February, 1865 to February 1, 1867; being sick, he had an assistant, Rev. J. W, Marcussohn, from April 15, 1866, who stayed after Rev. Goebel left, till September 1, 1867. Rev.

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J. Frederick Abele, September 1, 1867, to June 1, 1869; he had to resign on account of sickness. Rev. Fr. Menzel died in August, 1871. Rev. Adolphus Baur, November 19, 1871, to August, 1872. Rev. Charles E. Kuester, September, 1872, to April, 1877. Rev. Paul Gottfried Gerber, April 8, 1877, to April, 1888. Rev. H. Taeger, April, 1888, to February, 1892. Rev, H. C. Fack died September 25, 1893, The present minister, Oscar Wegener, was elected October 1, 1893. He was born in Salzgitter, Province of Hannover, Germany, January 28, 1855. After having been educated at the College and University of Goettingen, he graduated in 1878, and passed his second examination (pro ministerio) in November, 1880. He was ordained November 11, 1880, and served as minister in Germany till 1884. Then he came to this country and preached in Jeffriesburgh, Franklin Co., Mo., till August, 1891. He came to Cincinnati from Harrison, Ohio, where he served as minister of a German Evangelical Protestant Church. The present, officers of the Church are: John Feyen, president; Edward Kass, vice-president; Louis Allinger, secretary; George Brand, financial secretary; John Kattenhorn, treasurer; John Wernke, Henry Rembold, Fred Fuchs, Adam Seibert, trustees; Fred Beiser, J. Castang, elders; E. Kass, J. Castang, Louis Burck, trustees of the Sunday-school. [Contributed.

EWALD HAUN, pastor of the E. P. St. Peter's Church, corner Main street and Mchlicken avenue. Cincinnati, was born March 24, 1865, in Stralsund, Germany, son of Carl and Bertha (Franz) Haun, both also natives of Germany. His father, who was employed in the post office at Stralsund, died in 1870; his mother resides in Luedenscheid, Germany. They were the parents of four children: Alma Haun, residing at Droyssig, Germany; Agnes Haun, teacher in Luedenscheid; Franz Haun, residing in Horn, near Hamburg, Germany, and our subject, who came to America in 1890.

Mr. Haun received his education at Stralsund, also in the Theological Seminary at Basel and University of Basel. He was ordained by the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio in 1890. He was for three months pastor of St. Paul's Lutheran Church at Beaver Falls, Penn., thereafter until June, 1893, pastor of St. Mark's Evangelical Protestant Church at Homestead, and dedicated this new church there at the time of the world-known riot. Since July 1, 1893, he has been pastor of St. Peter's German Protestant Church at Cincinnati. He married, March 13, 1891, Eugenie, daughter of Dr. Christ (M.D.) and Julia (Girardet) Krebs, of Swiss ancestry. They are the parents of two boys: Ewald and Burkhard. He is a member of St. Peter's Young People's Association, and of the I. O. O. F.

JOHN BAPTIST PURCELL, son of Edmund and Johanna Purcell, was born February 26, 1800, in Mallow, a town at the junction of the Cork railroad, running to Killarney. It is situated on the bank of the beautiful Blackwater river. The "Annals of the Four Masters" locate the Purcells. There were two branches of the family in Kilkenny and Limerick-one near Ossory, between the Barrow and Nore rivers, in the former, and one not far from Croom, in the latter. It is a well-known name in Dublin, and throughout the south of Ireland. It is a southern Irish name. The parents of Archbishop Purcell were industrious and pious. They gave their children the best education the country afforded.

In his eighteenth year the subject of our sketch left the " fair fields of Erin " for the land beyond the wave. Although his parents were comparatively poor, they had well. to-do relatives, and it was expected, as John from his childhood was a very devout child, that they would furnish him the means to complete his studies at Maynooth, the principal Catholic ecclesiastical college in Ireland. They did not do so. In his eighteenth year he arrived in America, with a pair of rosy cheeks, bright eyes, a big heart, and a head stocked with Latin and Greek. He was determined to win the crown of the priesthood. In those days classical learning was in high repute among the leading men of this country. He knocked, one fine day, at the door of the Asbury College, Baltimore, and asked for a certificate as a scholar. The

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Faculty examined him; he received his certificate of capacity, and was almost immediately engaged as a private teacher by a family in Queen Anne's county, Md, His piety and thorough latinity soon became known to the Faculty of Mount St. Mary's College, near Emmitsburg. Md. He entered it as a student, in June, 1820, His career during the subsequent three years was brilliant. In the fall of 1823 he received from Archbishop Mareschal, the third Archbishop of Baltimore, the four Minor Orders for the Catholic Church. On tire 1st of March, 1824, he sailed from New York for France in the company of Rev. Dr. Brute, afterward first Bishop of Vincennes, Ind., to complete his studies in the Seminary of St. Sulpice (the solitude), at Paris and Issy, until May 21, 1826, when he was ordained in Notre Dame Church with three others. Among the number was the beloved Archbishop of Rheims, Ludwig Eugene Regnault, who was born on the 21st of February, 1800. Remembering the auspicious day, the venerable wt-.n invited Archbishop Purcell to come over to La Belle France, and celebrate his Golden Jubilee. In the same year, with the roses on his cheeks, and full of ardor as a young priest, he paid a visit to his parents in Mallow, on the Blackwater, in company with the Rev. Samuel Eccleston, afterward the fifth Archbishop of Baltimore. In the year 1827 he returned to the United States, and was, on his arrival at Mount. St. Mary's, appointed professor of moral philosophy. He also assisted his friend, Father Brute, in the instruction of the students of theology, at the same time attending to his regular duties as priest in the confessional and pulpit. Soon afterward he became president of the College, and while acting as such, two events of great importance took place. As president of the institution he succeeded in having it, chartered as a college by the Legislature; the other event was that lie, also as president of Mount St. Mary's College, bad occasion to receive, from New York as an alumnus, him who in 1864 became Archbishop of New York, and subsequently our cardinal. Archbishop Purcell was exactly seven years, four months and seventeen days a priest on the 13th day of October, 1833, when he was consecrated Bishop of Cincinnati, by Archbishop Whitfield, in the Cathedral of Baltimore. The assistant Bishops were the late Bishops Dubois and Kenrick; his friend, Father Eccleston, who accompanied him to Ireland in 1826, preached the consecration sermon.

Ardent and zealous to perform the duties now imposed upon him, the young Bishop, during the week following his consecration, took part in the Second Provincial Council, held at Baltimore, after which be set out for Cincinnati, the new field of his future labors; and in order to do this he was compelled to borrow three hundred dollars from his friends in the East. On his arrival he in nowise found things in a flourishing condition. The Catholics of that day in this city, both English and German, had but one church, the Cathedral of St. Peter, Sycamore street, the present site of St. Xavier's. which was destroyed by fire in 1882. Knowing, however, that the field laid out, for his labor was of fertile and productive soil, he applied to the work his erudite and persisting mind, deeply imbued with the importance of his task. Soon experiencing that the German element promised to constitute a strong and highly influential portion of the Catholic population, he at once set about building a separate church for them; and to carry out this project he sacrificed a valuable piece of real estate, left to him by his predecessor. Going from house to house, he gathered contributions for this holy and praiseworthy design, and in one year lie had the consolation of consecrating the first German Catholic Church in Cincinnati, the Church of the Holy Trinity, which was destroyed by fire in 1852. The entire diocese, embracing the State of Ohio, then comprised sixteen so-called churches, few of which, however, deserved the name, as they were mostly blockhouses or constructed of logs, in the pioneer style, or, at the best, plain frame structures. These have long since disappeared, and given place to larger edifices and buildings more in accord with the Catholic idea of a house dedicated to the worship of the Living God. Late in the fall or winter of 1836, during a session of the Ohio College of

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Teachers-a body of learned gentlemen whom our Bishop's love of encouraging literature induced him to join-there arose the spark out of which sprung the celebrated debate between Bishop Purcell and Alexander Campbell.

The Archbishop, to which title and power he was advanced in 1850, was a great favorite at Rome, and for many years had more influence with the Pontiffs than any other American Bishop. He made many visits to the Eternal City, and was always received with marked favor, His first visit was in 1835 to give an account of his diocese. Having been appointed Archbishop in 1850, he went to Rome the following year to receive the Pallium from the Pope's own hands. Pins IX was then on the throne, and his attachment for Archbishop Purcell led him to send his private carriage to meet him on his arrival, a distinction accorded to no other prelate. On his return from Rome in 1851, the citizens of this city had in readiness, and presented him with, a fine carriage and a team of coal-black horses, In the following year, 1852, the number of inmates in the Orphan Asylum had increased to such an extent that funds were required to buy bread for the little ones, and the tender, warm-hearted Archbishop. who had always been a father to the fatherless, sold his horses and carriage and gave the money to buy bread for the hungry orphans. In 1862, by invitation of the Pope, he visited Rome to be present at the canonization of the Japanese martyrs.

The Pope, in 1850, wishing to make the Archbishop a prelate of the throne, created his mother, Johanna Purcell, a Roman countess. The Archbishop thus became a Roman count, and being of the nobility, was eligible to the appointment of cardinal. The distinguishing title and honor was greatly appreciated by the Archbishop's aged mother, then in this country, and the son frequently jested affectionately with the venerable lady about her being a " Countess." He was from the first eminently popular and highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens, without regard to differences of creed. During his debate he was championed by Hon. Charles Hammond, one of the brightest intellects of Ohio. and editor of the Cincinnati Gazette in 1837. Dr. Daniel Drake, Judge James Hall, Gen. William Henry Harrison, Hon. Bellamy Storer, in the years 1833 to 1840, and, in fact, almost all our leading citizens, from time to time took a pride in being the especial friend, as they 'were the admirers, of Bishop Purcell. Gen. Harrison, on his invitation, attended in 1837 or 1838 the commencement exercises held at the Athenaeum, Sycamore street, and sat down to dinner for the occasion with the Bishop, clergy, and other invited guests. Archbishop Purcell died July 4, 1883, With the death of the Archbishop his immediate family became extinct.. The father died at Mallow shortly after the great famine of 1846-47, and the mother and her two daughters then came to Cincinnati. Purcell and her daughter, Kate, went to Martinsville, Brown Co., Ohio, close to the Ursuline Convent. where they lived with a Mrs. Carr. Mrs. Purcell was here when she received the title of Countess from the Pope. She died April 15, 1857, in her ninety. second year. Kate, before this, came to Cincinnati, and died at the Orphan Asylum, in Cumminsville, March 11, 1879. She was buried by the side of her mother in the Ursuline graveyard, Brown county, and was followed one year later by her brother, Edward. Margaret Purcell married a Mr. Pugh, and removed with him to New Orleans, where her brother, Edward, practiced law for a short time. She died a few years before the Civil war.--[Arbridged from History of Mt. St. Mary's of the West.

MOST REV. WILLIAM HENRY ELDER, D. D., archbishop of Cincinnati, was born in Baltimore, Md., March 22, 1819, and is a son of Basil and Elizabeth Miles (Snowden) Elder. In his father's family there were ten children who reached majority, of whom he was the ninth. His father, who was born near Emmitsburg, Md., removed in 1802 to Baltimore, where he was a grocer and forwarding commission merchant, and where he died in 1869, lacking but a few days of having completed his ninetysixth year, Basil Elder's father, Thomas Elder, emigrated with his family to Bards-

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town, Ky.. where he lived the remainder of his life. William Elder, who was the father of Thomas Elder, emigrated from England, and was one of the first settlers in Maryland. During the anti-Catholic ascendancy of the colony in the first half of the eighteenth century a law was passed prohibiting the celebration of the mass, but it was not approved of by the Icing until it was so changed as to allow citizens to have mass said in their own houses. To aid in alleviating this state of affairs, William Eider built a large log house about two miles south of Emmitsburg, in part. of which he resided; and a large portion of which was occupied by one large room, extending to the roof, in which, as was the purpose of the builder, the Holy Sacrifice of the mass might be attended by a large number at a time. The building was occupied as a dwelling by the grandchildren of the first owner as late as 1842, and was but recently torn down. Thus we find the family actively engaged in caring in its infancy for the religious freedom and progress of the colony, which laid the foundation of Catholicity in America, and patiently sharing the controversies and persecutions which had now reached the New World, in defence of that religion which one and a half centuries later was to make the name of Elder famous.

In 1831 Archbishop Elder entered Mt. St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Md., then presided over by Rev. John B. Purcell, D. D., who was subsequently the second Bishop and the first Archbishop of Cincinnati. After a thorough course of six' years lie was graduated in June, 1837, and entered the Seminary for the fall term. In 1842 the left the " old Mountain" for the Propaganda, Rome. He was ordained Priest on Passion Sunday, 1846, and, returning to his native diocese, was appointed professor of dogmatic theology in Mt. St. Mary's. He also assumed at the same time the onerous position of director of the Seminary. In 1855 the See of Natchez became vacant by the death of Rt.. Rev. J. O. Van Do Velde, D. D., and Dr. Elder was chosen to succeed him. There was nothing to commend the diocese of Natchez to the worldly-minded. This diocese embraced the entire State of Mississippi, the people were few, poor and scattered. Bishop Elder was consecrated at Baltimore by Archbishop Kenrick, on the 3d of May, 1857, and immediately departed for Natchez. where he, arrived on the eve of Pentecost. Not very long after the Bishop's arrival in Mississippi the war for the Union broke out. Some pastors left for the field of battle, and some congregations were scattered.

The first years of his life there were ones of arduous labor and many privations, but his cheerful spirit of self sacrifice, one of the strong traits of his character, won him the love of his people. Catholics and Protestants were everywhere won by the gentleness of his disposition and the determination of his character. The apostolic zeal and charity of Bishop Elder showed themselves strongly during the fever epidemic which desolated the South in 1878. All who could do so fled from the infected districts. but Bishop Elder remained at his post, to encourage the priests and nuns who rendered such heroic services to the victims of the terrible pestilence, some of them at the sacrifice of their own lives. The Bishop, whose courage in attending the sick inspired his priests, was himself smitten with the dread fever, and for a time his life was despaired of; but Providence seems to have designed him for greater accomplishments than the had yet performed, and lie recovered to the great delight of his devoted flock, and that of the entire country, which had become acquainted with his heroism and loyalty to duty.

The following year the Holy See. wishing to testify his admiration for Dr. Elder, offered him the Archbishopric of San Francisco. Bishop Elder did not show any spirit of refusal, but pointed out that it would be very inadvisable to withdraw from the diocese when it was in such a deplorable condition. The Pope refrained from ordering him to accept the proffered promotion, and the Natchez Diocese retained its beloved prelate for two years longer. But the day of separation was to come. Early in 1879 the financial troubles which marked the closing years of Archbishop Purcell's life caused that venerable prelate to petition Rome for a coadjutor. The

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choice fell upon the Bishop of Natchez, who was accordingly appointed January 30, 1880. Few men would care to assume the enormous responsibilities that Bishop Elder was compelled to assume when he accepted the coadjutorship of Cincinnati; but Bishop Elder was too brave to refuse the cross that, was now offered him. The administration of diocesan matters devolved upon Bishop Elder as soon as he came to Cincinnati. Archbishop Purcell, broken-hearted, retired to St. Martin's Convent, Brown county, leaving his auxiliary to manage affairs as best lie could.

RIGHT REV. THOMAS S. BYRNE, D. D., fifth bishop of Nashville. The subject, of this sketch was born in Hamilton. Butler Co., Ohio, July 19, 1842. His parents were among the first settlers of this thriving little town, and their memory is still fresh in the minds of the older inhabitants. Their home was a hospitable resort of the visiting clergy, and it was, no doubt, owing to the presence of so many of these reverend gentlemen that young Thomas Byrne became enamored of the priestly life.

His father dying when he was but nine months old, his good mother strove to give him the best education possible under the circumstances, and accordingly he was sent to the local schools. Every morning found him ready to serve the daily Mass of Father Daniel Hallunan, brother of the first rector of Mount St. Mary's, and lie frequently served in the Mass of Father Badin, the first priest ordained in the United States. At the age of eleven he left school and went to work; but the resolution still remained to be at some time an educated man; and it was with this purpose that lie became a machinist, firmly determined to save enough to pay for his education. His industry enabled him at the age of eighteen to give up his position, and take to the more congenial toil, that of the class room. He entered the Preparatory Seminary of St. Thomas, Bardstown, Ky., where, under the guidance of the learned Father Chambridge, be spent some years in the study of the classics. He finished his college course in Mount St. Mary's of the West, under Father MacLeod, being one of the last pupils of this celebrated professor. After one year of philosophy, he and three others were selected by Archbishop Purcell to finish their theology in the American College, Rome. He remained in the Eternal City for three years, and returning in October, 1868, received tonsure and minor orders from Archbishop Purcell on the 16th of the following December; on the 18th he was made subdeacon, and on the 19th deacon. The archbishop now made him a member of the Faculty, with the responsible office of procurator. He was ordained priest in the Seminary Chapel May 22, 1869. During the succeeding years he taught various classes, physics, chemistry, mathematics, Latin. English, geology, etc., and also attended to the duties of chaplain to the Sisters of Charity, Mount St. Joseph's, Delhi. The first volume of Alzog's Universal Church History appeared in 1874. This work was the joint production of Dr. Pabisch, the previous rector of Mt. St. Mary's and of Father Byrne. Its translation occupied six years.

In 1877 he took charge of the little parish of St. Vincent de Paul, Sedamsville, once the charge of his old professor, Father MacLeod, which he attended from the seminary, and subsequently from St. Joseph's Mother House, where he went to reside permanently in 1879. He remained at. St. Joseph's seven years, and during that time superintended the building of the present Mother House, and also the one which was destroyed by fire in 1885. When the second building was nearing completion be was called to the rectorship of the Cathedral. When the Springer Institute, one of the finest school buildings of Cincinnati, was almost completed, be was. again transferred to the important post of Rector of the seminary, which the Archbishop reopened September 12, 1887. The institution during the first year had an attendance of thirty. The number has continually increased each year, so that at last the diocesan authorities have been constrained to erect a new wing to accommodate all who seek admission. The average attendance for the present year has been ninety-five, while the roll informs us that during the seven years of Dr. Byrne's.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 763

incumbency, Mount St. Mary's has given over one hundred priests to the Church in the United States.

On May 22, 1894, Dr. Byrne celebrated the silver jubilee of his priesthood. The day was in very truth a family gathering, simple and earnest, heartfelt and sincere, and will over be remembered by all concerned as a day of peace and enjoyment. On June 7, Dr. Byrne received from Rome the official information of his appointment to the See of Nashville. The Bulls of appointment were dated May 10, 1894. [From History of Mt. St. Mary's of the West.

CHRYSOSTOM THEOBALD is pastor of the Franciscan Province of Cincinnati. The Franciscan Order, whose members were the first to evangelize the New World, was founded by St. Francis in the beginning of the thirteenth century. The Order soon spread over all parts of the world, and American history bears abundant testimony to the self-sacrificing labors of its members for the civilization of the aborigines in Maine and the Pacific States within the present border of the Union, as weil as in Canada and in South America, during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Between the years 1830 and 1850 that incessant stream of immigration, which has since continued with uninterrupted vigor, began to flow into the United States. The number of Germans, swelled by new arrivals from year to year, led the bishops of the various Catholic dioceses founded in different parts of the country to call to their help German priests to minister to the spiritual wants of their countrymen. Repeated urgent invitations of the Rt. Rev. J. B. Purcell, then Bishop of Cincinnati, induced the Franciscans of the Austrian Province of St. Leopold, in the Tyrol, to send Father William Unterthiner to this country. He arrived in 1844, and was installed pastor of St. John's church, Cincinnati, then recently erected. His ministry was so successful, that at the time of his death, January 17, 1857, this congregation was the most flourishing and numerous of the city. Other priests followed him so that the Franciscans who had meanwhile founded a church and convent in St. Bernard, a few miles northeast of Cincinnati, numbered ten in 1858, and obtained for themselves the erection into an independent CUSTODIA, or Minor Province. Father Otho Jair, then pastor of St. John's church, was nominated Superior or Custos. Now the Fathers opened a college for candidates for the priesthood, which is to this day in successful operation. The Franciscans now have charge of the following churches in Cincinnati and Hamilton county: (1) St. John's church, built 1845, rebuilt 1867, with about one thousand families and one thousand one hundred school children. (2) St. Francis' church, built 1859, with about one thousand families, and one thousand two hundred school children. (3) St. Bonaventeures church, built 1868, with about five hundred families, and four hundred school children. (4) St. George's, Corryville, built 1868, rebuilt 1872, with about eight hundred families, and nine hundred school children. (5) St. Clement's church, St. Bernard, Ludlow Grove Post Office, with about three hundred families, and five hundred and sixty school children. (6) St. Francis chapel, Mt. Alverno. with Protectory for boys and thirty families. The Franciscans also attend St. Joseph's Home for the Aged Poor, Clifton, and Little Sisters of the Poor, Montgomery road, and the Catholic in the following public institutions: City Workhouse, House of Refuge, City Infirmary, County Infirmary and Longview Insane Asylum. (7) St. Francis College. a classical training school for aspirants to the priesthood, founded in 1859, is located on Bremen street, near Liberty, opposite St. Francis' church. A splendid new building was erected for it in 1893. Average number of students, eighty. (8) St. Anthony's Convent, Dear Mt. Airy, the novitiate for the candidates of the Order, was founded 1889. Here the future members of the Order, clerical and lay, are prepared for their future duties, which embrace ministerial work, teaching and household help.-[Contributed.

Rev. AUGUSTIN M. QUATMAN is pastor of St. Francis de Sales Church, Madison and Woodburn avenues, Walnut Hills. Of the church edifices of the Queen City,

764 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

St. Francis de Sales, on the corner of Madison and Woodburn avenues, Walnut Hills, ranks among the first.

It was in the "forties." when four Catholic families settled on what is now known as East Walnut Hills. Francis Fortman, Joseph Kleine, H. Westjohn and Fred Kleine, with their families, worshiped in Fortman's barn, on McMillan, opposite Moorman avenue. Subsequently a church was built on the southwest corner of Hackberry and Forest avenues, and the edifice was dedicated November 3, 1850. Up to this time Rev. Jos. Ferneding ministered to the wants of the congregation. After laboring zealously for eight years, the first resident pastor, Rev. I. N. Schmidt, was called to his reward in May, 1860. He was succeeded by Rev. I. M. Menge, who remained until his death in 1873.

Under the pastorate of Rev. A. Fisher, the membership of the congregation increasing rapidly, it was resolved to build a spacious schoolhouse. The present site on the corner of Madison and Woodburn avenues was purchased for the sum of twenty-two thousand dollars by I. B. Enneking, who subsequently transferred the same fur the above amount to St. Francis de Sales congregation. The school is at present conducted by the Sisters of Charity, and numbers three hundred pupils. In the same year it was resolved to build a church, and on June 30, of the following year (1878), amid a vast concourse of people the corner stone was laid by the Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell. Besides the customary articles placed in the corner stone was a phonographic cylinder of the Archbishop's address. The sermon was preached by the Rev. I. Friedland, of Detroit, Mich., and among the many distinguished visitors G. D. Adhamar de Cransac, the nephew of Pope Pius IX.; his honor, Mayor Moore, ex-Mayor Johnston, and the present pastor Rev. Aug. M. Quatman, were present. The edifice was dedicated December 20, 1879. Rev. A. Fisher having been missioned to Springfield, Ohio, Rev. Charles Schmidt labored during the four years of his pastorate with great zeal until his death, which occurred December 14, 1883. On New Year's eve, the Rev. Augustin M. Quatman, having been assistant pastor of St. Peter's Cathedral for fourteen years, assumed charge. A very heavy debt rested upon the church. In a few years the debt was reduced to less than half of the original amount, besides reducing the interest to three per cent. ' The two bazaars held fur the benefit of the church, one in 1890, the other in 1892, at which Governor Campbell and Governor McKinley performed the opening exercises, may be cited as an example of earnest work. Twenty-five thousand dollars were cleared at these bazaars. During his administration the interior of the church was transformed into a marvel of beauty. Besides the exquisite frescoing, and the classic windows, we mention the way of the cross or stations; in point of conception, art and coloring they stand first in the country. The sanctuary is graced by a superb gothic altar of statuary marble. We quote from the Commercial Gazette of April 24, 1887: "The altar is of pure white (Rutland, Vermont) marble, not a streak of color, nut a dark view in its whole composition, with column and panels of onyx. It is by F. & H. Schroeder, of this city, from designs by A. Cluster, of New York. It is pure German Gothic in style, consistent with that of the cruciform interior of the church. The front. of the altar table proper has deeply carved upon it, separated by columns of onyx, which support the table, a head of Christ, Ecce Homo, then, in the center the paschal Lamb, and to the right a bead of the blessed Virgin, Muter Dolorosa. The marble slab of the altar is twelve feet lung and two and a half feet wide. Behind and over the table, of the altar, to the left of the tabernacle, is a group in relief, The presentation of the Infant Jesus in the temple, showing Mary and Simeon. The outer door of the Tabernacle has, in bronze relief, the blessing of the bread by Christ, and to the right again, in marble, is the last supper, St. Peter and St. John, the well-beloved disciples kneeling to receive the Bread of Life from the hands of the Saviour. This completes the story of the Mass, the offering, the consecration and Communion. On the left and right of this level of the altar

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are marble figures of St. Joseph and St. Agnes. The Exposition Niche, over the tabernacle and whose inner door `I. H. S.' stands in relief, is carved from a solid block of white marble. Marvelously sculptured angels kneel on either side. Above this, in turn, the `Exposition Canopy,' for use in forty-hour devotions, is another wonder of carving from the solid block. By a happy arrangement of height, looking between the dainty columns of this marble canopy, the eye rests upon the figure of the Saviour of the world in stained glass, in the rear. The gothic pinnacles of marble are all from solid pieces, and as all the carvings named are away up in the realms of high art, beautiful alike in conception and treatment, it will be seen that the new altar is an art treasure, which enriches the community without regard to creed, while it is to the Catholics of St. Francis do Sales a pride forever." To Mr. Joseph and Agnes Kleine, a grand old couple, landmarks of piety and generosity, has fallen the privilege of donating this altar. The rite of consecration was performed by Most Rev. William H. Elder, D. D., Archbishop of Cincinnati; Rt. Rev. Bishop Richter, of Grand Rapids, participating; Rt. Rev. Bishop Dwenger, of Ft. Wayne, Ind., preaching. Besides Rt. Rev. Bishop Maes, of Covington, Ky., and Rt. Rev. Bishop Rademacher, of Nashville, Tenn., about one hundred and twentyfive priests assisted at the ceremony. The choir, under the directorship of Prof. J. Frank Wilson, sang Beethoven's Mass in a most exquisite manner.

The frescoing of the church was designed and executed by artist W. Thien. There is, indeed, a wealth of color and gold against which the soft tints of the reliefs of the stations form a most pleasing contrast. In the windows are represented the Latin fathers of the church; the birth of Christ and the descent from the cross form the groups of the transept windows respectively. The movable properties of the church are of the most exquisite design and workmanship: A carved pulpit of oak, a gothic sanctuary lamp, various statues, and candelabras which are only equaled by those in Trinity Church, New York. Vestments of the finest embroidery, costing thousands of dollars, make up the interior magnificence of this house of God. When it is borne in mind that all the interior ornaments amounting to eighty thousand dollars have sprung into existence by the generosity of kind members of the congregation, and that the debt has been lessened fifty thousand dollars, it will be acknowledged that St. Francis do Sales is a model congregation of which Father Quatman and his able assistant, Father Gerdes, may be justly proud.--[Contributed.

REV. J. C. ALBRINCK, V.G., is pastor of Holy Trinity Church, West Fifth street, In the western part of the city, on Fifth street near the site of the old Indian mound, stands a great edifice, with its lofty spire holding up the sign of redemption 220 feet above the cnrbstone. It is the church of the Holy Trinity, the church of the first Catholic German congregation in Cincinnati. The building is of brick, 65x170 feet in depth, and has a seating capacity of over fifteen hundred persons. West of this building stands the splendid parochial school 61x74 feet, having a spacious hall with eight large schoolrooms, with a mansard used asa residence for the janitor. The present church building was erected in 1853, and dedicated January 1, 1854, by the late Cardinal Bedini, while on his visit to the United States. The building replaces the original Holy Trinity church erected in 1834 and destroyed by fire in 1852.

The history of the congregation furnishes an interesting chapter in the history of the Catholic Church in Ohio. It was about twenty years after the settling of Cincinnati that German emigration was directed to the banks of the beautiful Ohio. At first the Catholic element was small in membership and in earthly influence. When in the year 1822 the first Cathedral was opened on Sycamore street by the Saintly Bishop Fenwick. the English and German speaking Catholics worshiped before the same altar. A German priest in the person of Rev. F. Rese, afterward bishop of Detroit, was found to administer to the wants of the German Catholics, and to instruct them in their mother tongue. Thus matters went on until the arrival of

766 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Bishop J. B. Purcell in 1833. He at once saw the wants of his Catholic Germans, and went to work to build for them their own church. He secured for them a lot 70x200 feet on Fifth street, outside of the western limits of the city, for the sum of three thousand dollars. The construction of the building was directed by Rev. S. H. Montgomery, and the corner stone was laid in April, 1834. By October 5, same year, matters had so far advanced that the dedication could be performed by the Rev. Bishop. This was a red-letter day for the Catholics of Cincinnati, and remarkable in the history of the young Church in Ohio. Never before was there such a gathering of distinguished clergymen in Cincinnati. Besides the Rev. Bishop of Cincinnati there were present the Rev. Benedict J. Flaget, Bishop of Bardstown, Ky.; Rev. John M. Henni, afterward Archbishop of Milwaukee; Rev. H. D. Junker, afterward the first bishop of Alton, Ill., and the eloquent Father Abell, of Louisville, and Father Hilzeberger, of Maryland, besides the local clergy and ten ecclesiastical students. One remarkable feature of the day was the elegant singing at Divine service, and, as the Catholic Telegraph of October 10, 1834, remarked, a splendid orchestra entertained the visiting clergy at dinner with choicest of music. Here was the start made in that noble art which has been faithfully fostered by their successors. The pioneer Catholic Germans as a rule were not men endowed with an abundance of earthly goods. They came from Fatherland blessed with a good common-school education, and a deep sense of religion. They came to this country to better their fortunes and to secure their families a home. But in the pursuit of earthly goods they did not overlook higher ends. In January, 1837, the members of the Holy Trinity congregation organized the St. Aloysius Orphan Society, which has continued to flourish ever since, and which in 1894 had a membership exceeding twenty-five hundred. In order to defend themselves against the many attacks on their religion made by adversaries, Rev. J. M. Henni, with the aid of the Orphan Society, established the Catholic weekly paper, The Wahrheits Freund, the first German Catholic paper published in the United States, which to this day is in a most flourishing condition, fulfilling well its high mission. The Catholic Relief Union, which for a half century did its good work, was another organization started by these German pioneers. Moreover, as soon as permitted, early in the "forties," these pioneers organized a Cemetery association which now controls three extensive cemeteries-St. Joseph, St. John, St. Diary's--using its revenues for the maintenance of the cemeteries, and relieving the wants of the deserving German poor. To Holy Trinity congregation belongs the honor of having established and maintained the first parochial school in Hamilton county. At, first the classes were taught in the basement of the old church edifice, destroyed by fire in 1852. In 1848 the congregation bought an adjoining lot of fifty feet, and erected thereon a three-story school building of six spacious rooms. In order to keep up with the times in 1876, the congregation purchased an additional lot of sixty-foot front for $21,000, and erected thereon the present beautiful school building, one of the finest in the city, at a total cost of $50,000. This congregation has been presided over for the last sixty years by Rev. J. M. Henni, the late Archbishop of Milwaukee; Rev. F. X. Huber, O. S. F. ; Rev. I. Schonat; Rev; Peter Kroger; Rev, Bernes Hengehold, and Very Rev. John C. Albrinck, V.G., the incumbent in 1894. Although the membership has decreased in consequence of the inroads of public works into its territories and the greater conveniences of our beautiful suburbs, Holy Trinity congregation holds a high place among the numerous Catholic congregations of Cincinnati.[Contributed.

Very. J. C. Albrinck was born January 17, 1830, in the former Kingdom of Hannover, Germany. In the fall of 1836 he emigrated with his parents to America, and ever since has made Cincinnati his home. After attending the parochial school of Holy Trinity, he made his first communion there in August, 1840, and was confirmed in October following. After engaging in various employments to aid his

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struggling family. lie entered St. Xavier College in the fall of 1844, and graduated therefrom in 1849. He found means of entering the ecclesiastical state, and in August, 1849, was sent to the famous Seminary of St. Sulpici, Paris, France, by the late Archbishop Purcell. After a four-years' course of philosophical and theological studies, he was ordained priest in the Cathedral of Notre Dame May 21, 1853. Soon after lie returned to the city *of his adoption, and in January, 1854, was assigned to the mission of Pomeroy, Ohio, where the scattered Catholics of Meigs, Athens and Gallia counties, acid those of West Virginia in the adjacent territory, were subject to his administration, He filled this position four and one-half years, when, after having built, a church in Gallipolis, lie was removed to Reading, Hamilton Co., Ohio. Here a new field for his activity was opened for him. During his fourteen years of ministration it fell to his lot to build the present beautiful church, erect a spacious schoolhouse, and enlarge the pastoral residence. He also built the churches of Glendale and Carthage, and for twelve years provided for the spiritual wants of the inmates of the City and County Infirmaries. After having provided amply for the wants of the Catholics in this neighborhood, he was in May, 1872, removed by the late Archbishop Purcell to the charge of the Trinity Church, West Fifth street, city. Here a new field was opened for his activity. One of the first acts of his ministration was to purchase a portion of the Brachman lot, and to build thereon the present beautiful schoolhouse. On the death of Very Rev. Otto Jair, O. S. F., in 1887, the Most, Rev, Archbishop Elder appointed him vicar-general of the diocese. Besides attending to the arduous duties of his position he found time to assist new congregations in the suburbs, and the now flourishing congregations of Norwood and North Fairmount and Deer Park are indebted to him for their establishment and their first success, In the year 1889 he procured a beautiful piece of property at Cedar Point, erecting thereon St. Gregory's Preparatory Seminary, and for two years lie presided over it as rector, when he returned to his first charge as pastor of the Holy Trinity. Although at this present writing lie is in his sixty-fifth year, his remarkably good health gives promise of many years of activity.

REV. MAXIMILIAN SCHAEFER is pastor of St. George's Church, Calhoun street, Corryville. The origin of St. George's Church dates back in 1868, when Rev. Otto Jair, of St. John's Church, on the 20th of April bought two lots of 150 by 190 feet on Calhoun, between Vine and Madison streets, on which a substantial two-story brick building was erected to serve as chapel and school. The corner stone was laid July 5, and the building dedicated on the following 18th of November, St. George being selected patron of the congregation. This church was served for two years from St. John's Church, but owing to its rapid increase Rev. Jerome Kilgenstein was appointed resident pastor in 1870. In 1872 he bought a site for a parochial residence, and had plans for a large substantial church prepared, the corner stone of which was laid October 13, 1872. It was finished and dedicated June 28, 1874, during the pastorate of Rev. William Gansepohl.

The church is built in the romanesque byzantine style, of pressed brick, with sandstone trimmings. The two spires rise to the height of 190 feet, the church being 160 feet long and 70 wide. The inside height to the apex of the groined arch is 62 feet, whilst the naves are 47 feet high. The front on Calhoun street measures 78 feet, and has three fine sandstone portals, above the middle of which is a beautiful circular window. The building, exclusive of furniture, cost $80,000. Later, stained glass windows, altars, bells and a grand organ were added, all of which are works of art, and make St. George's church one of the finest places of worship in the city. Rev. Maximilian Schaefer, O. S. F., is the present pastor.-[Contributed.

REV. JOHN F. SCHOENHOEFT is pastor of the St. Lawrence congregation, which was founded in 1868 by the resident Catholics of Price Hill, who up to that time had attended Divine services at St. Mary's Seminary. In the year mentioned, under the administration of Rev. I. M. Bonner, the first pastor, a piece of ground compris-

768 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

in, about 1.28 acres, and situated at, the corner of Warsaw pike and Rapid Run^, road, was purchased from Jefferson Terry for the sum of $3,000, On this site a two-story brick schoolhouse was erected, the second story of which was fitted up for church purposes. The dedication of this church took place on Trinity Sunday, June 12, 1870, the Right Rev. A. M. Toebbe, Bishop of Covington, Ky., officiating. In the meantime, in 1869, Rev. Father Bonner was transferred to St. Edward's Church, city, and Rev. H. I. Richter, D.D., vice-president of Mt. St. Mary's Seminary, was placed in charge of the present church and pastoral residence, the lot being 250 feet square, and lying opposite. The, school property was purchased in 1874 for the sum of $13,500. The residence of these premises was occupied as a pastoral residence in the year 1881. In the same year Rev. Dr. Richter was given an assistant in the person of Joseph M. Benning. In 1882 the congregation became free from debt. In 1885 Rev. Dr. Richter was named first Bishop of the new diocese of Grand Rapids, Mich.; he was succeeded at St. Lawrence's by Rev. John Frederic Schoenhoeft, D.D., hitherto assistant pastor at Holy Trinity Church, Fifth street, city. In 1885 the frame dwelling in the rear of the schoolhouse was purchased together with the adjoining lot, for $3,500. This property was very soon after utilized for school purposes.

The congregation having grown to such an extent that the chapel in the school building was no longer able to accommodate the members, it was resolved in January, 1886, to build a new church. The corner stone of the new edifice was laid by Most Rev. Archbishop Elder, on October 17 of the same year. In order to keep the congregation out of debt as much as possible it was decided for the present to build the basement only, and to roof this in temporarily and rise it for Divine services. The cost of building the basement was about nineteen thousand dollars, The dedication of the basement chapel took place on Sunday, May 22, 1887, Right Rev. Bishop Richter, the former pastor of the congregation, conducting the ceremonies. The interior is 125 feet long and 68 feet wide, 16 feet high, and has a seating capacity of about six hundred. Rev. Joseph M. Benning having accompanied Bishop Richter to the diocese of Grand Rapids in 1883, Rev, Bernard Bottmann was appointed his successor, and remained at St. Lawrence until 1877. In that year he was assigned to temporary charge of St. Henry's Church, city, his place being taken by Rev. B. Miggeel. In the year 1891 the congregation was again free from debt. On March 9, 1892, the steeple of the school building was destroyed by fire. Owing to the steady growth of the congregation it was found necessary, in 1893, to resume work on the new church, and push it to completion. It is expected to have the church ready for occupation by the end of August of this year (1894). When completed it will be one of the handsomest church edifices in the diocese. The plans and specifications were drawn by A. Drindin, of Chicago, Ill. The church is built in the Gothic style of the XIVth century. The length is 165 feet, the width 72 feet. The front is adorned by two towers, the one being 190 feet high, the other 130 feet. The congregation is in a very flourishing condition, and now numbers about four hundred and seventy-five families.--- [Contributed.

REV. W. F. M. O'ROURKE is pastor of Holy Angels congregation, which was organized and the first church built in 1859. The first church is now used for the parochial school. The second church, the pi-sent, stone edifice, interiorly most beautifully decorated, was built in 1862-63. The present commodious pastoral residence was built in 1867.

The principal families in the early days of the congregation, and their descendants still connected with it are: The Springers, Peters, Loons, Kellahers, Drionys, Greens, Linskeys, Burks, Dugans, Scanlons, Maloneys, Daily, Kelleys, Doomis, Burns, Nolans. Hines, McCarthys, Redmond, Roachs, Highlands, Morans, Fowlers, Sullivans, McCormacks, Conlons, Tobins, O'Connells, Fallons, Butters, Haleys, Monoghans, Hughes, Farrels, Welshs, Bradleys, O'Neils, Halls, Collis, Blands,

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 769

Earlys, Delaneys, Sweeneys, Kennedys, Gills, Farringtons, Hollingers, Molloys, Williams, McGreveys, Bradys, Flynns, Hessions, Gleasons, Churchills, Conners, Diskins, Courtneys, Foys, Gannons, Ryons, McCluskeys, Mullens, McManus, Reardons. The lay officers of the church during the past nine years have been Messrs. J. H. Redmond, P. A. McCarthy, Patrick Foy, J. Delaney, J. Steinmetz and P. Monaghon. The present officers are: Messrs. M. D. Leen, E. Sweeney, H. M. Rice, E. J. Denny, M, Dugan, M. Burns, M. Kelley, M. Maloney, B. Early and P. Courtney. The first pastor of Holy Angels Church was Rev. M O'Sullivan. 1859-60; the second was Rev. T. F. Walsh, 1860-63; the third was Rev. E. P. Corcoran, 1863-65; the fourth was Rev. M. O'Neill. 1865-85; the fifth (1885) is Rev. W. F. M. O'Rourke, the present incumbent.-[Contributed.

Father O' Rourke was born in central Pennsylvania, March 21, 1836, was removed in childhood to Pittsburgh, thence to Mt.. Vernon, Knox Co.. Ohio, in 1839. At the age of twenty-three years, having been reared on a farm, and having had a fairly good education in the common branches of school instruction, lie, in 1859, entered the. Seminary of Mt. St. Mary's of the West at Cincinnati. At this seat of learning he pursued his studies of humanities and theology for seven years, and was ordained to the Holy priesthood by Most Rev. J. B. Purcell, on St. Patrick's Day, 1866. He celebrated his "silver jubilee" in the priesthood in the church of Holy Angels in 1891. It was admitted on all sides to have been the most magnificent celebration of the kind ever thus far accorded to a priest in the archdiocese of Cincinnati.

REV. PETER LOTTI, rector of Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church, was born in Florence, Italy, August 6, 1864, and is the eldest of four children of Savino and Josephina (Pieri) Lotti, both natives of Florence. The father is still living, and resides in Florence; the mother died in 1866. The brothers of our subject are all living, and reside in Florence; the youngest at the present time is being educated for the priesthood at Saint Miniato College, Florence.

The Rev. Father Lotti was educated at the Abbey of Ficsole, Florence, and in 1887 was ordained priest by Right Rev. Del Corona (Dominican), Archbishop of Florence. The Rev, Father came to the United States in 1890, landing at New York; from there went to Bridgeport, Conn., and for a short time was pastor of a small congregation there. He came to Cincinnati in 1892, and was at once appointed rector of Sacred Heart Church. The corner stone of this church was laid by Right Rev. Archbishop William H. Elder, on the first Sunday in October. 1892, and dedicated by Monsigneur Francis Sattoli, of Rome, August 27, 1893, being the first church dedicated by him in America. The Church of the Sacred Heart is also the only Italian church in Cincinnati; it has a congregation numbering some eight hundred families, and it is the intention of the congregation to build a parochial school at a very early date. Rev. Father Lotti is a member of the order of St. Charles Barrome-[Contributed.

REV. CHARLES BERTOIELLI, assistant priest, Church of the Sacred Heart, was born in Placentia, in the north of Italy, December 15, 1868, son of Galsano and Ferrari Lingia (Boskie) Bertoielli. He was educated in Cardinal Alberoni College, Placentia, and was ordained to the priesthood November 1, 1892, by Right Rev. Archbishop Scalabuni. of Placentia, and founder of the Order of St. Charles Barrome, of which the Rev. Father is also a member. Both of the Rev. Fathers are held in very high esteem by the members of their congregation and are indefatigable in their efforts to minister to the spiritual wants of their people.

The Sisters of Noire Dam,-.----Among the institutions of learning and academies established in Cincinnati and Hamilton county, for the education of young ladies, the houses of the Sisters of Notre Dame have held a most conspicuous place for more than half a century. The grey old convent of Not-re Dame, situated^-on the south side of Sixth street, between Sycamore and Broadway, has quite an interesting his-

770 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

tory; and, although, at the time of its planting in the rugged soil of the New World, this congregation of Religious appeared like a tiny mustard seed, it has never ceased to grow in power and to spread out its branches, till now the blessing of its influence in the domain of education is enjoyed over the vast and flourishing territory between New England and the Pacific coast. The Sisters of Notre Dame came to Cincinnati in 1840, at the urgent request of Bishop John Baptist Purcell, direct from the Mother House in Namur, Belgium. During the year previous, this pious and cultured prelate, while on a tour of Europe, desired to call on the Baroness de Copens, whose sister, a Religious, he had met in America. Arrived at her residence in company with the Abbi Brassac, it was ascertained that the Baroness was absent, attending a retreat, in the Convent of Notre Dame at Namur, and thither they went. This convent, which is known as the "Mother House" of the Sisters of Notre Dame, was founded in 1807 by the Venerable Julia Billiart, and at the time of the good Bishop's visit, in 1839, was governed by Mother Ignatius. The latter received her visitors most cordially, and after inspecting the various departments of the institute, Bishop Purcell was so impressed with the holy rules of the Religious, and their admirable educational methods, that he, there and then, determined to establish a House of this Order in Cincinnati, which was then a city of about forty-five thousand inhabitants, with, comparatively speaking, few institutions for the complete and high education of girls and young ladies. In the following year (1840) the good Bishop was enabled to carry out his project. The Rev. Mother Ignatius, at the request of his Lordship, sent eight Sisters of Notre Dame on the important mission. These zealous missionaries, whose names are held in benediction to this day by thousands of grateful pupils in this city, and in many parts of the United States, were: Sister Louis de Gonzague, Superior; Sister Louise; Sister Xavier; Sister Ignatia; Sister Rosine; Sister Melanie; Sister Humbeline and Sister Mary Pauline. The Sisters set sail from Antwerp, September 9, and entered the harbor of New York, October 19, 1840. They donned secular dress here, and traveled according to the usual custom of those pioneer days by boat and stage to Cincinnati, arriving on the eve of All Saints. They attracted much attention both on the streets and in the Cathedral at divine service; and were soon known as the "accomplished French ladies." The first house occupied by the Sisters was on Sycamore street, opposite the old cathedral (now St. Xavier). It was soon found too small for the growing wants of the community and school. About a dozen yards from their humble abode there stood a house and garden, once the property of Rev. Oliver M. Spencer, pastor of the adjacent Methodist Church. The street on which this property was situated had originally been called Gano street, in honor of Judge Gano, but its name had been changed to Sixth street. The house and garden of Mr. Spencer, with its rare plants and beautiful trees, was considered one of the most elegant and desirable pieces of property in the city. The Sisters purchased this property from Josiah Lawrence, the owner, at the time of their coming to Cincinnati. Mr. Lawrence was a stanch member of the Methodist Church, but his niece, who was largely instrumental through her kind, personal efforts, in procuring this property for the Sisters, had the happiness, subsequently, of becoming a Religious of Notre Dame in this very house. Christmas morning found the little community settled in their new home, and here their first school was opened January 18, 1841. The foundation prospered beyond the fondest hopes of any of its projectors. The pupils of the Sisters were from the most refined and wealthy families, and many were Protestants. In a few months boarders and day scholars numbered sixty, and the records of the first years continually make mention of buildings, erected or enlarged, for the accommodation of the increasing number of pupils and Sisters. But it was not for the wealthy classes that these good Sisters had come so far. A parting injunction of their Mother Superior had been to help the poor to their utmost ability, and indeed the Institute of Notre Dame had been established by the Venerable Mother Julia Billi-

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art "to instruct the poor in the most abandoned localities." It was on this account, that they might labor among the poor classes, that Sister Superior Louise rejected an offer of the Right Rev. Bishop Purcell, by which they would have come into possession of the beautiful estate, in Brown county, afterward presented to the Ursuline Nuns. The Sister Superior of Notre Dame alleged, as her reason for declining the offer, that their rules did not permit them to commence a Foundation in a locality where they could not instruct and educate the poor as well as the rich. Classes for those unable to pay for their tuition were opened at the same time as the boarding school, and the delighted teachers soon saw the pupils in the parochial school surpass in number those of the academy. This free school has developed into the present "St. Xavier Girls Parochial School," taught gratuitously by the Sisters of Notre Dame for fifty-three years, twelve teachers being employed at present, thereby saving the State thousands of dollars yearly. In the course of time, twelve other schools were opened in the city, and are conducted by the Sisters of Notre Dame to this day. St. Xavier's School was established in 1810; St. Mary's, Thirteenth street, 1847; Holy Trinity, Fifth street, 1848; St. Paul's, Pendleton, 1850; St. Philomena's, Pearl street, 1853; St. Joseph's, Laurel street, 1855; St. Augustine's, Bank street, 1862; St. Anthony's, Budd street, 1864; St. Ann's, New street, 1867; .St. George's, Corryville, 1877; St. Henry's, Flint street, 1878. Colored children are taught at St. Ann's school. A school in which deaf mutes are instructed in the ordinary branches of education was opened in 1889. Many sodalities for young and married ladies have been flourishing under the care of the Sisters for years, while the "Tabernacle Society for the Relief of Poor Churches" is the latest gem that has been added to the crown of glory which encircles the fair name of .Notre Dame.