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JACOB FREY, secretary and treasurer of the Schmidt Brothers Brewing Company, was born in Cincinnati, December 12, 1853, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Hess) Frey, natives of Germany who came to Cincinnati in 1845; here the father died in 1854 at the age of thirty-five, the mother June 11, 1893, aged seventy. They were the parents of five children, two of whom are living: Frederick and Jacob. The last named attended the public schools of Cincinnati, and graduated from Gundry's Commercial College in 1868. He was an apprentice under his step-father, August Goetze, and a workman in the furniture factory of Mitchell, Rammelsberg & Company, until 1875, when he learned the brewing business at the Lachman Brewery. In 1876 he entered the employ of Schmidt & Brothers as bookkeeper, and upon the organization of the present company, in 1891, was elected secretary and treasurer, which position he has since held. This company manufactures thirty-five thousand barrels of beer annually, ranking among the largest of its class in the city. Mr. Frey resides at No. 62 Bogen street. On November 29, 1876, he married Mary Ferkel, a native of Germany, and they are the parents of eight children: Jacob, August, Frederick, Lille, Harry, George, Albert and Edward. Mr. Frey is a member of the Evangelical Protestant Church, and treasurer of the organization with which he is connected. In politics he is independent.

HENRY CHARLES KAISER was born March 2, 1864, at Cincinnati, son of Theodore and Anna (Weber) Kaiser, natives of Germany, who came to this country in their childhood. They were married in Cincinnati, where they have since resided, Theodore Kaiser being engaged in the feed business. Henry was educated at the parochial schools and St. Joseph's College, Cincinnati, graduating from the latter institution in 1880. He filled various clerical positions until 1885, when he became associated with the Buckeye Brewing Company, where he is now engaged in the capacity of confidential man. He was married, in 1889, to Clara, eldest child of George H. Kotte, deceased, one of the founders of the Buckeye Brewing Company. Mr. and Mrs. Henry Kaiser have one child. Norma; they reside on Jefferson street, and they are members of St. George's Church.

CONRAD WINDISCH, brewer, Cincinnati, was born March 6, 1825, in Bavaria, son of Ulrich Windisch. After obtaining a common-school education he commenced work for his father on the farm and in the brewery, being then only thirteen years of age, continuing this until he reached the age of twenty-three, by which time he had become thoroughly disgusted with the country that would barely allow him to live for the time being, and he determined to emigrate. Sailing from Bremen November 1, 1848, he landed at New York February 1 following, having been thirteen weeks on the voyage. He hastened to Pittsburgh, where he found employment in a brewery at $5 per month and his board for the first month, and $7 for the following six months. Tiring of such poor wages he determined to go to St. Louis, where he had friends. As the river was low he and three others went via the Beaver canal to Erie, and took a steamboat for Chicago, where they arrived in seven or eight days, and then proceeded to St. Louis. Finding no employment there, however, Mr. Windisch went to Belleville, Ill., and engaged himself to a brewer at $11 per month. But as his employer used an old coal mine for his cellar, the approach to which was constantly under water, his health began to fail, and at the end of two months he was so prostrated with fever and ague that he was obliged to quit the place, leaving the old blind horse that drew the barrels out of the mine to the care of another. After medical treatment in St. Louis for several months he secured employment at a brewery in that city, receiving $12 for the first month, $14 for the second, and $l5

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for the third, working at this rate for several months. But having no idea of settling in St. Louis he embraced the first opportunity to come to Cincinnati, where he had friends. When he left the firm owed him about ninety dollars, but as he had never seen any paper money in his native country he declined to take paper money here, hence they paid him in five-franc silver pieces. This, with a few twenty-franc silver pieces brought from home, constituted his cash capital. He came to Cincinnati by way of the river, which reduced his funds to $60. He soon found work in Herancourt's brewery, where he remained eight months. His reputation as a brewer was good, and to better his condition he shortly afterward entered the employ of Mr. Koehler, of the Buckeye Street Brewery, where he was soon Promoted to the superintendency of the work. He retained this situation three years, during which time he was very economical, spending only what was absolutely necessary. His savings had only amounted to a few hundred dollars, however, when an opportunity offered for going into business himself, and he formed a partnership with Mr, Merlin, whose partner had died. This was in 1854. Both men being of sound judgment and possessed of indomitable perseverance, their business rapidly increased from year to year, until they commenced making lager. when it received a wonderful impetus, and for twelve years they enjoyed great prosperity. In September, 1866, Mr. Windisch sold out his interest to his partner and formed another business alliance with Messrs. Gottleib and Henry Muhlhauser for the purpose of starting the Lion Brewery. This establishment will be found described in the chapter on manufactures.

Mr. Windisch was married in 1854 to Miss Sophia Wilhemine Kobmann, from his native village in Bavaria, and seven children blessed their union, four of whom are living. He died in 1887. Two of his sons, Charles and William, are now members of the great firm he assisted in founding. Mr. Windisch possessed remarkably quick penetration, was an excellent business man, and was noted for his many acts of quiet charity. His death was sincerely mourned among his numerous friends.

DR. ALOIS ZECKENDORF was born in Prague, Austria, October 23, 1865, and is the second eldest of six children born to Siegfried and Rosa Zeckendorf, both natives of Austria, residing in Prague. Dr. Zeckendorf received his primary education in the schools of Austria, Germany, and Switzerland, and for live years attended the University of Basel, from which institution he was graduated with honors in 1888. In 1892 our subject came to America, and was employed as chemist in the Fleischman Distilling Company's establishment in New York City. In the fall of 1893 Dr. Zeckendorf removed to Cincinnati, and is now engaged here as superintendent of the malt house for the same company.

ALEXANDER BENNETT MCAVOY, real-estate dealer, was born in Philadelphia, Penn., January 11, 1844. He is a son of the late Daniel and Mary (Bennett) McAvoy, both of whom were natives of County Down, Ireland, and came to this country early in their married life, locating in Philadelphia, where Mr. McAvoy engaged in his business of horticulturist, having charge of the conservatories, gardens and grounds of James Platt, the millionaire iron merchant of that city. While there he became acquainted with the late Nicholas Long worth, of Cincinnati, who induced him to come to this city. Hero he engaged in the same business, his initial work being the laying out of the Garden of Eden, now known as Eden Park. He died in 1874. His wife survived him ten years. Mr. McAvoy was the propagator of the once famous strawberry that bore his name, " The McAvoy Superior Strawberry." He was identified, with his patron, Mr. Longworth, in the culture of the grape, Strawberry, and other fruits, in all of which they were eminently successful.

The subject of this sketch, Alexander Bennett McAvoy, received his education in the public schools of Cincinnati, completing it at Woodward High School. He was then for several years in the employ of the Scandinavian Remedy Company,

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and next became identified with the wholesale clothing house of A. & J. Fronnstine, with whom he was associated as cashier and bookkeeper for twenty-two years-from 1868 to 1890. In the latter year he embarked in the real-estate business, laying out the subdivision of Sunset Park, adjoining Hyde Park, East Walnut Hills. Mr. McAvoy was married in 1867 to Ann Eliza, daughter of Edward and Jane (Martin) Wones, and three children were born of this marriage: Irving, Helen and Malcolm, all of whom are graduates of Woodward High School, and the former of McMicken University. Irving McAvoy is a civil engineer with C. P. Huntington; Malcolm McAvoy is pursuing the study of law under Judge Howard Ferris, of the Hamilton county probate court. The family residence is on McMillan street, Walnut Hills, but was formerly for a number of years at Linwood and Van Dyke avenues, Mt. Lookout, of which now populous suburb Mr. McAvoy was one of the early residents, having moved there in 1869, a year and a half prior to the establishment of the street-car service to that locality. The family are members of the Mt. Lookout Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. McAvoy is a Mason; politically he is a Democrat and a member of the Young Men's Democratic Club.

CHARLES KAHN, JR. was born June 9, 1833, at Alberschweiler, Rheinpfalz, Bavaria. His parents, Solomon and Esther Kahn, both of whom were natives of Bavaria, as were also their ancestors, came to the United States, locating in Cincinnati, in 1836. Charles was educated in the schools of Cincinnati, graduating from the Cincinnati College in 1849, and the following year went to Europe, where he spent eighteen months in travel and study. Returning to Cincinnati, he engaged in the slaughtering business with his father, whom he succeeded, a few years later, conducting the business alone until 1862. In 1862-63, Mr. Kahn was engaged exclusively in filling of government contracts, supplying vast numbers of cattle and great quantities of fresh beef for the Northern armies. In 1863 Mr. Kahn was one of the organizers of the firms of Richard Beresford & Company, and Kahn & Forbus, which were among the largest pork-packing establishments in Cincinnati, then the largest pork-packing market in the world. These firms were dissolved in 1877, and the firm of Charles Kahn, Jr., & Company was formed, which for ten years carried on an extensive grain and provision business. Mr. Kahn was one of the founders of the Union Stock Yards Company. From 1887 to 1890 he was engaged exclusively in handling horses, mules and cattle. In October, 1890, he embarked in the real-estate and loan-negotiating business, in which he is still engaged. Mr. Kahn's business operations have not been confined to Cincinnati. In 1893, in conjunction with his sore Sol, he organized the Qualey Construction Company of Chicago, and secured a one million dollar contract for the construction of one mile of the ship canal now being built by the Sanitary Department of Chicago. Mr. Kahn has been closely identified with the interests of Cincinnati, and has given much of his time to the discharge of important trusts. He was for a number of years a member of the city council, chairman of the fire department committee, chairman of the finance committee, and fire commissioner. He has been a member of the Chamber of Commerce for more than thirty years, and was an active member of the Real Estate and Stock Exchange. He is a member of a number of secret societies, among there the Masonic Order, Odd Fellows, B'nai B'rith, Mr. Kahn was married, in 1857, to Hannah, daughter of the late Isaac Marcks, tie veteran ice dealer of Cincinnati. Of this marriage one son, C. Sol. Kahn, is the only living issue. The firstborn of the marriage, Albert A. Kahn, was born June 21, 1861, and died January 4, 1889. He was a promising young business mat).

FRANK JAMES WADE, real estate, stock, bond and note dealer and broker, and president of the Cincinnati Real Estate and Stock Exchange, was born in Owego, Tioga Co., New York, October 21, 1852. He is a son of James A. and Mary (Day) Wade, both of whom were natives of the State of New York, and of English descent, although both families date back in the history of this country to its earliest colonization by

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the English. James A. Wade is a carpenter and builder, in which business he is now engaged in Aurora, Ill., where he located in 1858, and where the subject of this sketch, Frank J. Wade, received his education.

At the age of sixteen, Frank entered the employ of a wholesale grocery firm, with whom he remained for two years. He then learned the trade of a silversmith, and in 1872 came to Cincinnati and entered the employ of Homan & Company, with whom he was associated until 1874. For two years following he had charge of a silverware manufacturing establishment at Racine, Wis. Returning to Cincinnati, he embarked, in 1877, in the real-estate business with Meyers, Gibbs & Company, with whom he remained three years, then entering into the same business for himself. He. is now associated with Mr. Adam Lepper, under the firm name of Lepper, Wade & Company, conducting one of the most extensive businesses of its kind in the city. In the development of Cincinnati suburban property, Mr. Wade, both alone and in connection with the present firm, has been actively identified, having been interested in subdivisions in all of the circle of hill-top suburbs, and in the contiguous territory in Kenton and Campbell counties, Ky. He was one of the charter members of the Cincinnati Real Estate and Stock Exchange, was its first treasurer, was elected its presiding officer January 1, 1892, and re-elected by a unanimous vote, January 1, 1893, He is a member of the Masonic Order, being a 32 degree Mason, A. A. S. R., a Knight Templar; and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the B. P.O. E. and the Knights of Pythias, being a past major of the Uniformed Knights of the latter Order.

Mr. Wade was married. December 23, 1874, to Ettie M., daughter of John Beesley, a merchant tailor of Cincinnati. One child born of this marriage, Mamie B., died in her thirteenth year. The family reside in a very charming place in Westwood, this county.

ALONZO C. HORTON, real-estate agent, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 1, 1838. His father, Henry V. Horton, a native of the State of New York, came to Cincinnati in 1830. and was here engaged for many years in conducting a silversmith establishment. He was prominently identified with the Sons of Temperance for many years, and up to the time of his death was the grand scribe of the national division of the Order. He died in Cincinnati in 1870.

The subject of this sketch received his early education in the public schools of Cincinnati, and completed it at Herron's Academy. For a time thereafter, he was employed with the Cincinnati Daily Times, after which he was for a brief period an employe of the O. & M. R R. Co. In 1865 he entered into the real-estate brokerage business, in which he has had several partnership associations, the first being with Samuel Sargent, the second with the firm of Geo. H. Shotwell & Company, and the third and last with George F. Meyers; ho is now engaged in the same business alone. Mr. Horton has been very actively identified with the development of the suburban districts, one of the very earliest subdivisions made in the county being that of a large tract of land in the now extensively improved and populous north end of Vine street, known as Corryville, in which he was associated with the late Truman B. Handy. He was among the earliest of the real-estate dealers to make a specialty of, and engage extensively in, auction sales. He was urgent in his endeavors to establish a real-estate exchange in Cincinnati, and it was largely through his efforts that this was finally accomplished; he was the first president of that body, with which he has ever since been connected. He is a Republican and an active member of the Lincoln Club, of which he was president two terms. Mr. Horton was married, in 1865, to Maria R., daughter of Nathaniel Bartlett, one of the pioneer merchants of Cincinnati. Three sons and one daughter born of this marriage survive, namely: A. Bartlett, a journalist, now Cincinnati correspondent for several newspapers of New York City; George M., who is associated with his father in the real-estate business; Alice M., wife of William L. Harvey, who is engaged in the grain business in Cin-

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cinnati; and Alonzo C., Jr., a student. The family residence is on North Crescent avenue, Avondale. They are members of the Swedenborgian Church.

ALBERT WILLIAMSON, real-estate dealer and insurance agent, residence No. 518 Chase avenue, North Side, Cincinnati, was born in Colerain township, Hamilton Co., Ohio, November 2, 1843, one of the family of four children born to David and Elizabeth (Huston) Williamson. He was educated at Farmers' College, College Hill, and in boyhood worked on the farm. During the years of the Civil war, he was in the employ of the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Company; during 1874-75-76 he was deputy recorder of Hamilton county; from 1880 to 1885 he was a member of the board of aldermen of Cincinnati, and ever since that time has been engaged in the real-estate and insurance business. Mr. Williamson was married February 26, 1867, to Sarah D., daughter of Nathaniel and Margaret (Nelson) Harris, natives of Cincinnati and Pennsylvania, respectively, and to this union were born five children, two of whom are deceased; the living are: George H., who was educated in the public schools of Cincinnati, and is now a dealer in carriage and wagon materials; Albert W., educated in the Cincinnati schools, now a bookkeeper (was married February 17, 1892, to Miss Retta I. Stoughton), and Horace G., residing at home and attending school. Mr. Williamson and his family attend the Presbyterian Church; he is past master of Hoffner Lodge No. 253, F. & A. M., Cincinnati; politically he is a Democrat.

The father of our subject was born June 6, 1808, in Hunterdon county, N. J., and came with his parents to Colerain township at the age of six years. He was an edge tool manufacturer for a number of years, but afterward retired to farm life in Colerain township, where he died January 8, 1878. The mother of our subject was born in Colerain township, Hamilton Co., Ohio, April 24, 1814, and died October 1, 1876, They reared a family of four children--two sons and two daughters-as follows: Hannah Jane, now Mrs. Thomas Cooper, residing at Newton, Jasper Co., Ill.; Mary E., now Mrs. Berger, residing in Cincinnati; Paul H., now in San Francisco, Cal., and Albert, our subject. Both paternal and maternal ancestors experienced the trials of the American Revolution, many Williamsons being soldiers in the ranks, while the great-grandfather, Capt. John Huston, fell at the battle of Brandywine.

ROBERT LESLIE, real-estate dealer, was born in Dublin, Ireland, May 18, 1832. His parents, also natives of Ireland, as were their ancestors for many generations, came to this country in 1836, locating in New York City, where our subject received his education, and resided until his seventeenth year. In September, 1848, he came with an elder brother, James Y. Leslie, to Cincinnati, and here the latter established a furnishing goods and hosiery business, employing Robert as one of the salesmen. Two years later, the brothers formed a partnership which continued until 1855, when Robert purchased his brother's interest. For some years he carried on the business alone, and then became associated with William H. Taylor in the same line, the partnership continuing under the name of Taylor, Leslie & Company, for some years. After the dissolution of this firm, Mr. Leslie continued alone. In 1885 he embarked in the real-estate business, in which he is still engaged as senior member of the firm of Leslie, Dicks & Company. The firm's interests are largely in real estate in Norwood, of which Mr. Leslie is a very energetic and public spirited citizen. To his untiring efforts is largely due the development and wonderful growth of this most prospering of our suburbs. He and his associates have recently added a fifty-acre subdivision to South Norwood, containing two hundred lots, several of which have already been sold and built upon. Mr. Leslie has himself erected thirty handsome residences in Norwood. His residence is on Floral avenue and Jefferson place. He has one son, Walter B., who is engaged in the furnishing-goods business in New York. One daughter, Alice A., is the wife of William A. White, of the firm of Leslie, Dicks & Company.

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GABRIEL DIRR a, real-estate and insurance agent, and notary public, was born in Baden, Germany, April 8, 1838, son of Barney and Agatha Dirr, both also natives of Germany. His father came to America with his family, landing in New York August 9, 1854. He then located near Utica, N. Y., but, only remained there two years, coming to Cincinnati in 1856. He established a dry-goods store in the city, which he conducted until his death in 1885; his wife died five years later. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom five yet survive.

The subject of our sketch received a college education in Germany. He came with his parents to America when a boy, and learned the carriage-making trade at Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, after completing which he bought a shop, and was engaged in the manufacture of carriages until 1865. He then sold the shop and opened a grocery store in Cumminsville, which he conducted until 1872, when he sold out to his brother. He was elected mayor of Cumminsville the same year; in 1873 was elected a member of the board of aldermen of the Twenty-fifth Ward; in 1877 was elected a member of the General Assembly of Ohio; in 1879 was elected president of the board of aldermen of Cincinnati, and for two years he was a member of the council. Since that time he has been engaged in the real-estate and insurance business.

On :March 2, 1861, Mr. Dirr was married to Mary A., daughter of Martin and Mary A. Hensler, of Mt. Pleasant, Ohio. Seven children blessed this union: Mamie A., wife of George A. Shaddinger, with the Adams Express Company, Cincinnati; Katie D., wife of John M. Duey, with the Western Union Telegraph Company; Vondie D., wife of Robert R. McRoberts, councilman of the Twenty-fourth Ward; Gabriel D., Jr., attending the Cincinnati Business College; Edna and Reuben; and Lula D. Reif, who was drowned in the Tennessee river at Chattanooga, while boat riding in August, 1893. Politically, Mr. Dirr is a Republican; socially he is a member of the F. & A. M,, the I. O. O. F., the A. O. U. W. and the National Union.

CAPTAIN CHARLES M. HOLLOWAY, senior member of the firm of C. M. Holloway & Co., was born in Mason county, Va. (now W. Va.), August 5, 1830, a son of Joseph H. and Mary S. (Henton) Holloway. The paternal great, grandfather emigrated from England, and the grandfather was an educator in the early Presbyterian schools of Virginia. The paternal grandmother was Miss Haines, a lady of Irish extraction. The father of Charles M., who was a. farmer, died of cholera in 1849, at the acre of fifty-five years.

Our subject is the seventh of eleven children, seven of whom are yet living. His education was limited to the meager advantages afforded by the schools of his boyhood, the building for which was of logs, built by the prospective patrons of the school cowing together on a certain day and by their united efforts rolling up the logs. The fuel was furnished by the larger boys chopping it from the surrounding forest, and the teacher was paid by subscription, and " boarded round." Capt. Holloway's second teacher was Robert Lewis, a descendant of Betty Washington, a sister of the Father of our Country. At the age of eighteen our subject made his first trip to Cincinnati on a flatboat loaded with salt, which was the beginning of a long term of service on the river. When he was but twenty-one years of age he was second pilot on a flatboat running to New Orleans, and he soon became part owner and master of a steamboat. He was variously employed as master on different boats, in all of which he owned an interest. He became captain in 1862, and in 1866, when the Cincinnati & Big Sandy Packet Company was incorporated as the Cincinnati, Portsmouth, Big Sandy & Pomeroy Packet Company, he became a stockholder, also a director of the company, and took command of one of its best boats, the " Fleetwood," a very fast and commodious boat, and very popular. Capt, Holloway steamboated on all the rivers of the West and South, and has always been a strong advocate of improving our rivers and harbors, the great natural avenues of

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transportation which have been given us for the good of all, and which can not be side-tracked by any private corporation. In 1870 Capt. Holloway left the river to take charge of the Cincinnati Agency of the Ohio River Salt Company. Seven years later he purchased the stock and the good will of this company, and has since devoted himself to the wholesale salt trade, of which he is the only exclusive dealer in the city. His efforts have become crowned with success, and his territory now extends to Ohio, Indiana. Illinois. Kentucky, Tennessee, Alabama, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia. They handle all kinds of common, fine, packers, table, dairy and rock salt. Capt. Holloway has always been an active dealer in stocks and real estate. He owns the C. M. Holloway subdivision on Walnut Hills, besides considerable real estate in Avondale, Los Angeles, California, and Utah. He has stock in some. of the banks of Cincinnati, and is a director of the German National; is also interested in the Security Investment Company, a land syndicate located in Washington, D. C. For some time he was general manager of the Cincinnati, Portsmouth, Big Sandy & Pomeroy Packet Company, and of the Louisville Mail Line, later president of both companies; but in January, 1890, he sold out his entire interest in those companies, and at the present time owns no steamboat property. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, of which he was elected Vice-president in 1873, president, in 1874, and re-elected president in 1875; has also frequently represented the Chamber as a delegate to the National Board of Trade. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the Queen City and Cuvier Clubs.

Capt. Holloway was married February 8, 1858, to Miss Minerva A., daughter of Thomas E. Haply, a merchant and farmer of Cabell county, W. Va. The issue of this marriage has been five children, four of whom are living: Charles M., Jr. ; G. Clarence, who is an attorney, but is now engaged in business with his father; John Kyle, in partnership with George Dana in the manufacture of the Peerless Ice Cream Freezer at Ninth and Sycamore streets, and Evangeline M. Capt. Holloway and family worship at Grace Episcopal Church, Avondale. His beautiful residence, located at the corner of Reading road and Maple avenue, in Avondale, is surrounded by an elegant lawn of four acres. In his political views the Captain is a Democrat; he was appointed, by Governor Bishop, a member of the board of police commissioners of Cincinnati, was elected president of the board, but, resigned after a few months' service. He was a member of the hoard of park commissioners when E. H. Pendleton and Alfred Gaither were upon the board.

MAY FECHHEIMER was born in Cincinnati, February 11, 1847. The families of both his parents, Samuel Fechheimer and Caroline Barnett, came to this country from Bavaria in the same year, 1842, and his parents were married in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1846. His grandparents, Meyer and Rosa Fechheimer, and Jacob and Bertha Barnett, were native to Bavaria, as were their ancestors back to the days of Mendelssohn and Meyerbeer, with both of which eminent musical composers the Fechheimer family were connected.

The subject of this sketch attended the public schools of Cincinnati, and in 1868 entered into business as a salesman for the wholesale, clothing firm of Fechheimer, Frenkel & Co., the senior members of which were his uncle, Marcus Fechheimer, and Benedict Frenkel. Of this firm May Fechheimer became a partner in 1873, continuing therewith until its dissolution in 1883, when he became a member of the newly organized firm of Fechheimer Bros. & Co., in the wholesale clothing business on Third street, Cincinnati. In 1888, the firm removed to its present quarters on Fifth street, adding an extensive retail department thereto. The firm consists of our subject and his brother, J. S. Fechheimer, and Arnold Iglauer.

On November 19, 1873, Mr. Fechheimer was married to Carrie Frenkel, of Cincinnati, third daughter of Benedict and Charlotte Frenkel, who also came to this country from Bavaria. Five children were born of this marriage, viz.: Ruth, Samuel Tilden, Tessie, Delia and Louis, all of whom are going to school. The family

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are inclined to liberal or reformed Judaism. Mr. Fechheimer has been a lifelong Democrat, and has held several important trusts. For five years he was a member of the Longview Asylum Directory under Governor Hoadly's appointment, and was chairman of that board; was also one of Mayor Mosby's appointees, upon the non-partisan board of city affairs. Mr. Fechheimer is a member of the Masonic Order, and has taken the Royal Arch Degree, The family reside in a very handsome home on Park avenue, Walnut Hills.

THEODORE COOK, one of Cincinnati's most prominent citizens, died at his residence in Clifton, May 6, 1894, He was born in 1833, and hence had nearly completed his sixty-first year. He was a native of Brownsville, Penn., which was also the native place of James G. Blaine and several other persons who became prominent in American life. His father was an industrious, respected farmer, and his mother a woman of much culture and refinement. Theodore attended the village school until twelve years of age, and thus early evinced that paternal industry and maternal mental vigor which assured his later success.

The modest circumstances of the family led our subject to early begin the battle of life, and at the age of thirteen he was employed as a clerk in Camp's store in Brownsville. Being a bright, active youth, he soon won his employer's confidence and favor, and a year hence had saved sufficient, from his meager salary to secure his passage on the river to Cincinnati, where he was to seek his fortune. Here he found temporary employment at very small wages, and in 1850 obtained a clerkship in the house of Avery, Wayne & Co. which was the beginning of his success. Three years later Leidy, Baird & Cassily succeeded this firm, Mr. Cook remaining and obtaining an interest as a silent partner. In 1855, Mr. Cook, in connection with Capt. John B. Davis, bought out and succeeded Leidy, Baird & Cassily, which firm had been very prosperous and concluded to retire from business. Mr. Cook and his partner, Capt. Davis, had but small means, and their purchase was mainly on credit. In 1857. Mr. Cook purchased the interest of Capt. Davis, uniting with the firm of Barker & Hart, the house then becoming Barker, Hart & Cook, and it prospered amazingly. The war broke out in 1861, and this made business for steamboats and for all connected with them. The trade in which Mr. Cook was engaged naturally brought him in close touch with the steamboat business, and he, with others, such as Thomas Sherlock, Patrick Rogers, and the Gaffs, became large owners of steamboat property, having a heavy interest in the United States Mail Line which plied between Cincinnati and Louisville. After the war, and when river business began seriously to decline, Barker, Hart & Cook wound up, each of them having accumulated large wealth. Mr. Cook retained an interest in the Louisville Line for sometime thereafter, but he virtually retired from that line of business, since which time he has not been personally identified with steamboat pursuits, though always active, his life throughout from the day ho landed in Cincinnati having been a busy one. He was twice elected president of the Chamber of Commerce, was president of the Fourth National Bank, The Cincinnati Stove Works, The American Burial Case Company, and other enterprises.

Upon the leasing by the city of the Cincinnati Southern railroad, Mr. Cook was elected the first president of the company. Always enterprising, he purchased considerable land in what is called South Clifton, and much of it he improved. It can not be said of him, as it is of other leading citizens of Cincinnati, that he never built a house, for he built many, and has always been in the front in enterprises calculated and intended to forward the interests of the city. He was one of the projectors of the "Grand Hotel," the Suspension Bridge and the Southern railway, and was active in their construction; he was also foremost in locating and building the Queen City Club at the corner of Elm and Seventh streets. There was seldom a movement in Cincinnati of a public character in which Mr. Cook was not engaged. Being free from business that required constant attention, he was often called upon

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to aid in the promotion of benevolent enterprises, and he was never found wanting. He was one of the best known citizens, enjoyed the confidence and respect of all, and for forty-five years his interests were identified with those of the Queen City. Always alive to the city's welfare, there were few public movements in which he was not identified in some way. Although not actively in politics in the sense of holding office, he was constantly waging warfare against all that was corrupt and disreputable, and advocating decency and good government. The Cook homestead in Clifton is one of the handsome residences in that aristocratic suburb, and has been the scene of many social triumphs. In politics Mr. Cook was a Democrat. During the Civil war he was a War Democrat, and gave freely of his labor and means to maintain the Union cause. He was one of those who believed that the best way for a political organization to secure success was to deserve it, and this principle was his guiding star. Mr. Cook held numerous public offices, among which was the chairmanship of the commission appointed by President Cleveland to inspect, upon behalf of the United States, the affairs of"the California and Oregon Railroad Companies. He was also a member of the State Tax Commission of Ohio, appointed by Governor McKinley. In his early days he was the nominee of his party for Congress, hilt was defeated with the rest of the ticket.

Mr. Cook was a member of Calvary Protestant Episcopal Church in Clifton. For seven or eight years he superintended the Sabbath-school, and for many years was a member of the vestry. He contributed liberally toward all charitable and religious causes, and was foremost in maintaining them. Mr. Cook was married to Miss Anna Semple, who survives him. The children who are living are Cassily C. Cook, an attorney; Theodore Cook, Jr., and Clifford, who is a student at Yale College; the only daughter is Mrs. J. M. Schoonmaker, of Pittsburgh, Penn. Mr. Cook left art estate estimated to be worth over a quarter of a million dollars, largely consisting of valuable Clifton property.

PATRICK POLAND, the son of John Poland, a manufacturer, was born March 22, 1824, att the family residence, Hollywood, near the town of Ballymore Eustace, a few miles from Dublin, Ireland, and died November 30, 1892, at his residence, No. 116 East Fourth street, Cincinnati. He was educated at the Collegiate Academy of Ballymore Eustace, taking the classical course, at which time he had in view the study of law. Upon his graduation, however, he became engaged in journalism in Dublin, whence he came to this country in 1844, locating in Cincinnati, Here for a time he wrote for "The Catholic Telegraph," then as now one of the leading publications devoted to the interests of the Roman Catholic Church, and also contributed to the columns of a periodical, known as " Nonpareil," publication of which has long since been suspended. In 1848 he abandoned journalism to accept a position in the wholesale grocery house of Corr & Company. While thus engaged he married Mary Ryan, daughter of Patrick Ryan, a builder and architect who was born in Ireland, but who had been long a resident of Trenton, N. J., before coming to Cincinnati. After his marriage Mr. Poland started in the wholesale grocery business for himself in Chillicothe, and there remained two years, when he was called to Cincinnati to take charge of the business of his former employer, who died soon after his arrival. The business was then carried on under the name of Corr & Poland, the widow of David Corr retaining an interest. Later a partnership was formed with John Henry, under the name of Poland & Henry, which continued until the death of Mr. Henry, in 1881, after which the firm became Poland, Debar & Company. In 1883 Mr. Poland retired from active business, but retained his directorship in the Citizens' National Bank, and in several insurance companies.

The several wholesale grocery firms with which Mr. Poland was identified were among the leading ones of the West, and from their profits he amassed a handsome competence. He was a man of pronounced literary tastes and a great traveler, spending many summers in making extensive tours of Europe and America. He

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was actively identified with the general work of St. Xavier's, of which Church he was a member. Early in his business career Mr. Poland became a member of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, and was one of its directors for a number of years. At the time of his death ho was one of the board of directors of the House of Refuge, by appointment of Mayor Mosby; was a director of the Cincinnati Gas Light & Coke Co., of the Lafayette Bank, the Merchants and Manufacturers Co., and others. Mr. Poland was a trusted and honored merchant.. "On change" no man's word stood higher, and in his undertakings he had the full confidence of his fellow merchants. His manner was quiet, simple, unostentatious; he was approachable by the humblest; many a poor man in distress has gone to him with his tale of woe, receiving advice and material aid. He was exceedingly generous to his church. Outside organizations set him down for a contribution, often fixing the amount, and seldom were they disappointed. A manager of a charity told the writer that she received Mr. Poland's check so steadily, that she banked upon the certainty of its receipt. His gentle manner aid kindly greeting will long be remembered by those who met him in business or socially. With a kind, gentle, sympathetic nature, his life was full of good deeds, full of Christian charities. When hearts like his are laid in earth, it, is no mere eulogy to tell their merits and their worth.

Of the family of Mr. Poland, his widow and four children survive. Of these, John Nicholas Poland was educated at St. Xavier's, Cincinnati, and Fordham College, New York, and for about twenty years has been a professor in the Jesuit College of St. Ignatius, Chicago. William Poland, who is also a member of the Jesuit Order, and who taught at the St. Louis University, and also in Chicago, is now devoting his time to the writing of philosophical Works. Catherine E. Poland is at the Sacred Heart Convent, Clifton; Lawrence Poland received his education at St. Xavier's, Cincinnati, St. Mary's College, St. Mary's, Kans:, and the " College of St. Michel," Brussels, Belgium. He was married to Theresa, second daughter of Henry Verhage, of Cincinnati, with whom he was for a time engaged in business. His time is now given to the management of his father's estate. He lives with his mother at the family residence.

FRANCIS PEDRETTI, the pioneer fresco artist of the West, was born in Chiavenna, Italy, June 22, 1829, and died in Cincinnati June 13, 1891, In his early youth he developed a natural artistic talent which was fostered and encouraged by his parents, who finally sent him to that historic institution, the Brera Academy of Fine Arts, in Milan, Italy. Graduating from that institution with honors, he was the pupil successively of Scruzatti and Marriani, then the leading Italian masters in decorative art. Young Francis was a patriot, a Garibaldian soldier, and in 1849 fled his country rather than bear arms against her. He came to America, locating in New York, where he at once engaged in fresco painting. In the metropolis he found immediate favor, and his skill as an artist, and originality as an ornamental designer soon secured him a high standing, among his earliest patrons being Mr. A. T. Stewart, and Prof. S. F. B. Morse. In 1854 he came to Cincinnati, introducing his art here. He was eminently successful. His fame became widespread, and specimens of his beautiful work may still be seen in the magnificent homes and halls of eighteen States of the Union. He married Catherine Maitland, of Scotland, a daughter of Richard Maitland, a barrister, of Aberdeen. She and three children, Raphael M., Charles A. and Eugenia, survive him. The sons are both graduates of the same art academy where their father received his artistic education, and were both associated with him in business, which they are now carrying on successfully. Raphael M. Pedretti is married to Ubinina Fiocchi, of ;Milan, Italy, by whom he has one child, Francis Charles Pedretti. The other son and the daughter are unmarried, and reside with their mother in Clifton. Mr. and Mrs. Raphael Pedretti are residents of Walnut Hills.

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HENRY WORK CRAWFORD, senior member of the firm of Crawford, Ebersole & Smith (Smith & Nixon), was born in Herrick, Bradford Co., Penn., August 22, 1863, and is a son of John S. and Clarissa (Camp) Crawford. His father, who was of Scoth ancestry, was a prosperous farmer, and gave his children all possible advantages for obtaining a good education. Mr. Crawford':; mother died April 17, 1893, and his father survived her but three days. The family consisted of eight children, of whom the sons, six in number, are living, and, it might he added, they are all highly successful in the various pursuits which they have chosen. One of them is well known to the people of Cincinnati, viz.: Dr, John M. Crawford, that eminent scholar who represented the United States as consul-general to Russia during Harrison's administration in such a highly satisfactory manner.

Our subject received his early education in the public schools of his native town, and after teaching one year came, at the age of sixteen, to Cincinnati, and entered Chickering Institute, where his brother, mentioned above, was professor of mathematics. He completed the regular five years of Latin and three years of Greek, besides a portion of the scientific course of the Institute, in two years, and was graduated in 1882 at the head of his class. He then accepted from his alma mater the professorship of Latin and Greek, which he filled for two years. Mr. Crawford made his initial step in the business world by accepting a position as assistant bookkeeper for the Standard Wagon Company, remaining there, however, but three months. He then entered the employ of William Skinner & Company, having charge of the books and finances. During this employment he also pursued the study of law at the Cincinnati Law School, but before completing the preparation for that profession became, on the 12th of April, 1886, a member of the firm of Smith & Nixon, since which time he has had sole charge of the finances of the concern. This business was begun in 1843 by James R. Smith and Wilson K. Nixon; prior to the admission of Mr. Crawford the firm consisted of the founder, James R. Smith, and his sons, Wilson K. and J. L. Smith. Two years later Mr. Wilson K. Smith retired, Mr. Joseph G. Ebersole was admitted to partnership, and the firm assumed its present, title. Recently the growth of this business has been truly marvelous, until now it is the largest business of its kind in the United States. They make a specialty of high-grade pianos, chiefly the Steinway, the sale of which they control exclusively from Pittsburgh to Cleveland, Detroit, Indianapolis, and in Kentucky and Tennessee. They also manufacture the Smith & Nixon piano in Chicago.

Mr. Crawford was married, June 13, 1888, to Miss Mary A. Ebersole, a sister of his partner, and this happy union has been blessed with one bright child. Clarrissa. Mr. and Mrs. Crawford worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Avondale, where they reside. He is a Scottish Rite Mason and a member of the K. of P., and in his political views is a Republican.

ELISHA LOCKE was born December 11, 1818, in Barrington, Strafford Co., N. H.,, about seven miles from Driver, over the same cellar where his father, Benjamin B. Locke, and grandfather, !William Locke, were born, two houses having burned down. His mother was a daughter of Trustam Hurd. of Rochester. N. H. Elisha Locke received his education in the district school, and assisted his father in the cultivation of his farm. At the age of sixteen he attended the Academy at Rochester and at Strafford, N. H. He taught school in Rochester two winters in the same district,. also conducting a singing school, and then went to Canton. Mass.. where he was. employed two seasons making ladders, teaching school in the district during the winter. From there he went to Boston to study music, working in the market mornings, and devoting the afternoon and evening to the study of music, and for two. years devoted his entire time to that study. In 1844 he started for Cincinnati as a member of the Boston Quartet, consisting of E. Locke, L. O. Emerson,, S. Nourse, and Mr. Sandborn, giving concerts at various places on the way, and arrived at Cincinnati in November. During the winter he taught a singing-school in Morris

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Chapel. On March 11 he started for Boston to resume study, making the trip in one week, which was said to be the quickest trip on record. The following October Mr. Locke and Mr. Nourse returned to Cincinnati, and found places in the public schools as teachers of music, where Mr. Locke remained until the fall of 1865, after the close of the war of the Rebellion. He was captain of the Teachers' Rifle Company over three years during the Rebellion. Ill health was the cause of his resignation from the schools. He then opened a piano store at No. 175 W. Fourth street, where he emained about five years and then sold out to John Church & Company, having charge of the piano department in that house about, four years. In 1875 he severed his connection and retired from business. He purchased a farm in Carroll county, Iowa, and there remained until 1881, when he returned to his home on Clifton Heights. He is a member of Trinity M. E. Church, of Cincinnati, and has been prominently identified in the work of the Union Bethel for about eight years. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.

Mr. Locke has been twice married, his first wife dying in 184-, without leaving issue. His second wife was Anna Elizabeth, daughter of Joshua Perry. one of the pioneer residents of this city. Of the children born of this marriage, four survive. The eldest, Charles Franklin Locke, received his early education in the public schools and Woodward High School, was graduated from the Ohio Medical College in 1876, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Cincinnati; he married Ella, daughter of Thomas Blong, a stock merchant of Warren county, Ohio. The second child is Mrs. Lua C., wife of Dr. G. L. Sherman, of Carroll, Carroll Co., Iowa; they have one child, Stanton Locke Sherman. The third child, William Stanton Locke, was a graduate from the Ohio Dental College in 1890, and is now engaged in the practice of his profession in Cincinnati; he is unmarried. The fourth child, Walter Morrison Locke, a graduate of the class of '87, Woodward High School, and of the Cincinnati Law School in '90, is engaged in the practice of his profession in Cincinnati; he is unmarried.

JOHN CHARLES RILEY, ex-postmaster of Cincinnati, was born in Madison, Ind., September 15, 1842. His parents, Hugh and Ann (McDonough) Riley, were born in Ireland, and came to this country in 1829, locating in Madison, Ind., whence, in 1844, the family came to Cincinnati. Four years later Hugh Riley died; his wife survived him thirteen years.

The subject of this sketch, John Charles Riley, attended the district and intermediate schools, and passed an examination from the latter entitling him to admission into Hughes High School. In this, his fourteenth year, he obtained a position as errand boy in a merchant tailoring store, and thence went to a retail hat and fur house, where he served in a similar capacity. With his earnings he bought a scholarship in Bartlett's Commercial College. Immediately after graduation from that, institution he obtained a position as entry clerk in a wholesale hat house on Pearl street, Cincinnati, severing his connection with that establishment to accept the position of bookkeeper in the lamp, oil, and gas fixture house of Brown & Vallette, and still later J. D. Brown & Co., with which firm he remained a number of years, finally becoming a partner in the last named firm. In 1863 he sold out his interest in the J. D. Brown Co., and became associated with the firm of McHenry & Carson. in the same line of business. With the dissolution of this co-partnership, in 1870, Mr. Riley became a member of the firm of Carson & Co., also a lamp and gas fixture establishment, which had its salesroom in Pike's Opera House Building. With this firm he was identified until 1875, when he reassociated himself with McHenry & Co., and there continued until appointed postmaster of Cincinnati by President Cleveland, in April, 1886. Mr. Riley is a Democrat, and served two years in the city council and three years as a member of the board of aldermen. He was married May 30. 1864, to Emma N., daughter of Nathan and Amelia Horner Baker, all of whom were natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Riley have two children, Louis R.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 883

and Ada H., both of whom were students of Hughes High School, Miss Ada graduating therefrom in 1891; she is now a promising pupil of a well -known school of elocution. The son is in the employ of The Diem & Wing Paper Company.

The family, with the exception of Mr. Riley, are members of the Presbyterian Church; he is liberal in religious matters and is not identified with any creed, yet always respecting the religious views of others. Mr. Riley is the United States jury commissioner for the western division of the Southern District of Ohio, having been appointed to that position of honor by United States Judges Taft and Sage. He was also tendered the position of chief clerk of the War Department by Hon. Daniel Lamont, Secretary of War, March 8, 1893; and President Cleveland tendered him the position of third auditor of the Treasury Department on April 3, 1893, both of which positions he declined, preferring to live in his own native city.

WILLIAM ROBINSON TEASDALE was born in Cincinnati June 3, 1839. He is a son of the late William and Eliza (Cook) Teasdale, the former a native of Darlington, the latter of Reading, England, both of whom came to this country in their early youth and were married in Cincinnati. William Teasdale located in Cincinnati in 1834, and in the following year founded the dyeing establishment which to-day bears his name, and which is one of the largest louses of the kind in the United States. He died in October, 1867, leaving six children: William R., the subject of this sketch; Henry L., who died in 1878; Mrs. W. J. Coppock, Mrs. W. R. Crawford, and Mrs. A. D. Fisher, all of Cincinnati, and Mrs. H. W. Coolidge, of Chicago.

William R. Teasdale completed his education at Farmers' College, College Hill; in 1859, taught school for one year thereafter, and in 1861, became identified with his father in the dyeing establishment, in which, with his brother Henry, he became partner in 1866, under the firm. name of William Teasdale & Sons. For several years prior to their father's death the brothers conducted the business under the firm name of Teasdale Brothers. Since 1870 it has been conducted under the sole proprietorship of William It. Teasdale, and has been known as the Teasdale Dye House. William R. Teasdale was married, January 2, 1867, to Mary, daughter of John Shutt, a farmer of Warren Penn.. and niece of Jacob D. Shutt, late president of the Covington City National Bank. Three children were born of this marriage: Mrs. Lillian, wife of h. W. Bennett, of the Etna Insurance Company, Cincinnati; Carrie and William S. Teasdale. The family reside on Lincoln avenue, Walnut Hills,

CHARLES H. HEINE, president of the Charles H. Heine Company, wholesale grocers. was born at Manchester, Mich., November 7, 1856, and is a son of Herman and Louisa (Schillinger) Heine, natives of Germany and Pennsylvania and both of German origin. In the spring of 1856, while engaged in the drug business at Rockport, Ind., his father was drowned in the Ohio river, and his mother thereupon returned to her father's home in Michigan, where Charles H. was born. At the age of four years he was taken into the family of his uncle, Louis Mehner, of Cincinnati, with whom he remained until his twenty fourth year. He attended the public school; of Cincinnati, and graduated from. Hughes High School in 1874. His first business position was that of assistant bookkeeper at the Union stock yards, where he was employed a year and a half. His uncle, Louis Mehmer, who was a wholesale grocer, died in 1876, but his son, Edwin L., continued the business, and Mr. Heine entered his employ as clerk, later becoming a partner in the concern, and ultimately president of the Louis Mehner Company. In July, 1889, he disposed of his interest, and organized the firm of Charles H. Heine & Company, the business of which was conducted at Pearl and Main until September, 1891, when it was removed to its present, location. In October, 1891, the company was incorporated under the name of " The Charles H. Heine Company." The output for the first year was $150,000, which has since been increased to over $500,000.

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Mr. Heine was married October 10, 1880, to Miss Josie, daughter of Hon. James W, Fitzgerald, formerly judge of the Cincinnati police court. Nit now a resident of Kansas. One child, Charles J,, was born to them. but died at the age of two months. Mrs. Heine died in October, 1881. Mr. Heine was married, the second time, May 15, 1890. to Miss Emilie L., daughter of John Hauck, of Cincinnati, and to this union two children have been born: Emilie and Frieda. Mr, and Mrs. Heine are members of St. John's German Lutheran Church. They reside on Dayton street. Mr. Heine is a Master Mason, and a past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias. In politics he is a Democrat, and, though he has never held a public office, he has rendered much valuable service to his party, and has frequently been mentioned in connection with the nomination for mayor of Cincinnati.

JOHN G. DINKELBIHLER, a prominent grocer of Cincinnati, whose place of business is situated at Nos. 754 and 756 Gilbert, avenue, was born in Cincinnati January 4, 1851, and is the eldest of three surviving; children born to John and Mary Ann (Schindler) Dinkelbihler, the father a native of Bavaria, the mother of Switzerland. He received hut, a rudimentary school training, owing to the inability of his parents to further provide for an education, and at the age of ten years started life for himself as a boot-black in a barber shop, front which position he was speedily advanced to "boss barber." In his sixteenth year, through his frugality, he was enabled to go into business on his own account,, and in 1867 opened a barber-shop on Main, near Fourth street, which was recognized as the leading and most popular establishment of the kind in the city. At the age of nineteen Mr. Dinkelbihler sold his interest in this business, and invested in a general produce and provision store on Walnut. Hills, which he stocked with a full line of staple and fancy groceries. He was the first grocer in that locality to sell goods at the retail prices ruling in the city, and by strict attention to business and the wants of his customers, and by his admirable conduct as a business man, he secured a large and profitable patronage, which has grown with the years until it has become the most popular grocery establishment on Walnut Hills. Mr. Dinkelbihler is a man full of energy, and with high aims and purposes, and is destined to occupy and worthily wear great honors. He is a Protectionist, but independent in politics. and can only be swayed in the true direction of file interests of the grocery trade, of which he is a sworn ally and defender. He is also an earnest agitator of the pure food question, and a vigilant champion of the rights and privileges of grocers. Mr. Dinkelbihler is an inventor of a Compressed Air Washer, which operates by compressed air and suction, generating a powerful air pressure, which forces the hot suds through the clothes, thereby loosening the dirtt froth the goods, and the suction created by the up and (town motion of the machine removes the dirt entirely. The clothes are washed perfectly clean. He also invented a rotary hair-brushing machine.

Mr. Dinkelbihler was married, October 18, 1871, to Elizabeth Fienthel, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Reifschnider) Fienthel, natives of Germany. Their union has been blessed with eight children, six of whom survive, and are named as follows: Ida E., John G., Lillie May, Margaret, Charles Henry and Elmer Harrison. Mr. Dinkelbihler is a Lutheran in his religious views. He is a member of the Retail Grocers' Association, of which he was president for a number of years, and in which he still takes an active interest.

JOHN LEVERONE, senior member of the firm of J. Leverone & Company, was born February 6, 1845, in Cicagua, Italy, abort twenty miles front Genoa, and is a son of Dominick and Catherine (Carboni) Leverone. His parents emigrated to the United States in 1853, locating in New York, later in Cincinnati, and finally in Louisville, Ky., whore the father died in 1879, and tile mother still resides. The family consisted of ten children, three of whom are living: John, who is the eldest; Stephen, of Louisville, Ky., and Annie, now Mrs, John M. Isola, of Mt. Sterling, Kentucky.

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Our subject did not leave his native country until the spring of 1855, when he rejoined his parents in New York, and two years later accompanied them to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the sale of fruit. In the spring of 1862 Ire went to San Francisco, Cal., and entered the employ of his uncle, eleven months later embarking in business for himself in that city. In 1865 he returned to Cincinnati, and engaged in the retail fruit business, and in June, 1870, admitted his present partner, James Arata. In 1874 they removed to No. 24 West Front, street, and confined their attention to the wholesale trade of fruits, in which they have since been the leaders in the Cincinnati market. Their present commodious premises at the northeast corner of Front and Walnut streets, were secured in 1889. The buildings are 40 feet front. 100 feet deep, and five stories high, with all the modern improvements for handling fruit, this being the largest plant of its kind in the United States. As a reward for their close application to business, economy, promptness and fair dealings. they have won the confidence of their patrons, sums of whom have patronized them since their initial movement in business. The territory over which they now operate extends not, only over the length and breadth of the United States, but also to many European countries, from which they import, directly, nuts, figs, lemons, macaroni, etc., and furnish them to their American trade.

Mr. Leverone was married, April 29, 1872, to Miss Mary, daughter of James Garibaldi of Cincinnati, by whom he has six bright children: Pearl M., Charles J., John E., J ames Garfield, Walter M. and Eugene J., all of whom, together with Mr. and Mrs. Leverone, are members of the Catholic Church.

JAMES ARATA, of tine firm of John Leverone & Co., was born in Orero, Italy, March 19, 1844, and is a son of Nicholas and Annie (Biggio) Arata. His mother came to America in 1882, and died in California in February, 1843. They had six sons, five of whom are living: J. B., of New York; Ludwig, of California; Louis, of New York: Frank, ticket agent for the Rocky Mountain railroad at San Francisco, and James, The last named was educated in his native country, and came to America in 1866, landing at New York, where he remained two months, variously employed. In April, 1867, he came to Cincinnati, and found employment with J. B. Caragua & Sons one year. For three years ire conducted a peanut stand at the northeast corner of Fifth and Vine streets, and then entered into partnership with Mr. Leverone, with whom he has since continued. In August, 1866, Mr. Arata married Rosa Nassena, daughter of Anthony Nassena, of Orero, Italy, who died January 6, 1887, leaving the foil wing named children: Louis, shipping clerk for John Leverone &, Co.; Annie, wife of John Murphy, of Cincinnati; Charles, a student at the New York Military Academy; Lillie, and Joseph. The family adhere to the Catholic Church, and in politics Mr. Arata is a Democrat. His residence is No. 100 Broadway.

PETER BROOKS, senior member of the firm of Peter Brooks & Company, wholesale dealers in foreign and domestic fruits, No. 14 West Front street (residence Norwood), was hors August 30, 1847, at Hamilton, Ohio, son of John I'. and Catherine (Net Netz) Brooks, natives of Germany and Springfield, Ohio. The father died in 1854, at. the age of fifty, and the mother in 1892, at the age of seventy. He w as a merchant grocer, and later dealt in pork and grain. They were the parents of five children, three of whom are living: Peter, C. Lewis and Mary.

The subject of this sketch received a public-school education at Hamilton, and at the age of fifteen walked to Cincinnati, where he entered the employ of Griffith. a tea merchant at Fifth and Sycamore. He entered the fruit business with A. F. Bramble & Company, on Front street. In 1875 he embarked ill business individually, but a year later admitted his brother to partnership. They occupied five floors, 35x120 feet, and the business aggregated a quarter of a million annually; they bought largely in New York. Mr. Brooks married Celia, daughter of John Mellon, of Pittsburgh. and they have one child: Edna Mary. The family adhere to the

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German Lutheran Church. Mr. Brooks is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the Knights of Pythias.

CHARLES LEWIS BROOKS, junior member of the firm of Peter Brooks & Co., and brother of the senior member of that firm, was born at Hamilton, March 14, 1850, and received a public-school education at his native place. In 1875 he became associated with his brother, and has contributed his full share to the prosperity of their business. He has given special attention to its extension throughout Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, and elsewhere, thus establishing a unique feature of the wholesale fruit trade. Mr. Brooks adheres to the German Lutheran Church. He is a Democrat in politics, and a member of the F. & A. M. and the B. P. O. E.

WILLIAM T. PERKINS, of the firm of John J. Perkins & Co., wholesale bakers, confectioners and fancy grocers, was born December 8, 1834, at, Xenia. Ohio, son of John S. and Elizabeth C. (Beall) Perkins, natives, respectively, of Xenia, Ohio, and Maysville, Ky. The mother died in 1888, at the age of seventy-four; the father lives with his son, William T., at the advanced age of eighty-three. His father, Thomas M. Perkins, came from Virginia to Ohio in 1800. John S. Perkins was a general merchant at Xenia, Ohio, came to Cincinnati in 1845, and engaged in business as a boot and shoe jobber, subsequently giving his attention to insurance until his retirement. His family numbered six children, two of whom are living: William T., and Charles G., a steamboat captain, residing at Henderson, Kentucky.

The subject of this sketch was educated in the Xenia Academy, where he read Caesar before reaching his twelfth year. April 7, 1845, he arrived at Cincinnati, having traveled by stage coach and railroad, and attended school here for a time. He then entered the dry-goods store of Alexander Stewart, on Sixth street, where he worked for some time for one dollar per week, and then politely but firmly requested an advance to one dollar and twenty-five cents, which his employer declined to make, and he left the store. On the next market day, however, he was sent for, and reinstated on his own terms, but left. shortly afterward, and for two years attended the Cincinnati high school. He then entered the employ of Conkling, Wood & Company, white lead manufacturers, as shipping clerk. Three years later; having saved some money, he embraced an opportunity to purchase a partnership in a paint business, but it was immediately thereafter discovered that the firm was deeply insolvent, and thus his investment was an utter loss. At his boarding-place he had formed the acquaintance of Capt. James Bugher, of the famous Cincinnati & Memphis Steamboat Line, who, on the morning after the failure of his firm, offered him the posit ion of clerk on one of his boats, the "Rescue," which was eagerly accepted; it was in the dead of winter, and the river was very low, making the work and exposure severe. He spent one year on the river, then clerked two years in the banking house of Groesbeck & Co., when for the sake of his health he made a long journey into Texas with an Arizona mining expedition. After his return he again entered the bank, and remained until 1862. During the Civil war he marched with the militia to repel the threatened raid of Gen. Kirby Smith. His first appointment was that of regimental quartermaster, but he subsequently became brigade and then division quartermaster, and served in that capacity until the raid was over. In 1863 he opened a banking and brokerage office at Cincinnati under the firm name of William T. Perkins & Co., and a year later transferred his business to Knoxville, Tenn., and established the First National Bank of that city, of which he was the first president. Owing to ill health in his family he disposed of his interest there to the late Judge Baxter and others, and returned to Cincinnati, where, in connection with J. D. Thompson, he established the Central National Bank, of which he was cashier about one year. This institution was subsequently merged into the First National Bank. His next employment was reporting on the editorial staff of the Cincinnati Chronicle, afterward consolidated with the Times, on the editorial staff of which he occupied an important position until 1872. He then went to Phila-

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delphia, to assume charge of the National Publishing Association, but a few months afterward was obliged to relinquish active business on account of nervous prostration, and took a long vacation. Having fully recovered, he entered the office of W. E. Davis, assistant United States treasurer at Cincinnati, and was there with A. M. Stem until 1879, when he entered the employ of the firm of which he became a member to 1890.

Mr. Perkins resides at No. 95 Ashland avenue, Walnut Hills. He was married, May 3, 1859, to Miss Sallie E., daughter of Hiram De Camp, of Cincinnati, and four children hate been born to them, one of whom is living, George B., a civil engineer. Mr. Perkins is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. He is president. of the Manufacturers Association of Hamilton County, and of the Ohio Association of Productive Industries; treasurer of the Young Men's Mutual Life Association of Cincinnati; president and treasurer of the American District Telegraph Company of Hamilton County, and a member of the executive committee of the Merchants and Manufacturers Association of Cincinnati. He was chairman of the committee of arrangements for the dedicatory exercises of the new city hall in 1893, and the success of that magnificent demonstration was largely due to his efforts. On May 4, 1893, he was appointed by Mayor Mosby a member of the board of fire trustees of the city.

CHARLES F. MUTH, Senior member of the firm of Charles F. Muth & Sons, dealers in seeds, honey, beeswax and apiarian supplies, was born in Germany April 23, 1831, sort of Charles F. and Carolina (Schmith) Muth, who were the parents of three children: Charles F., August, deceased, and Carolina, wife of Ernest Oberhen, of the Eagle Insurance Company, Cincinnati.

Charles F. was educated in the schools of his native land. In 1853, at the age of nineteen, he arrived at Cincinnati, and for three years clerked in the grocery of S. H. Frank, corner of Vine and Canal streets. He then spent two years in Minnesota and Kansas, engaged principally in land speculation. Upon his return to Cincinnati (1860) he established a grocery at Nos. 970 and 978 Central avenue; two years later he bought the property and erected the present buildings thereon, wherein he continued the grocery until 1883, since which (late the business has been confined to apiarian products and supplies. In July, 1857, Mr. Muth married Carolina Muth, and they are the parents of ten children, of whom the following are living: August J., who married Annie Nickel, and is associated in business with his father; Carolina, wife of L. W. Sauer, druggist; Henry, also associated with his father; Stella and Nellie. Mr. Muth is a Republican in polities, and was a director of the Cincinnati Workhorse in 1888-91. He is a member of Camp Washington Evangelical Protestant. Church; president of the German Protestant Orphan Asylum, and a member of the Masonic Fraternity.

AUGUSTUS EITELGEORGE, proprietor of Muth's Bakery. was born on the present site of the Custom House, Cincinnati. December 4, 1848, and is a son of Augustus H. and Caroline (Eitelgeorge) Muth., natives of Germany. Augustus Eitelgeorge, the father of Mrs. Muth, was a baker by trade in his native land, and about 1829 established himself in business where the Custom House now stands. Cincinnati has some bakeries which, in point of mere size, rank with the great ones of the world, but it is safe to say that nowhere can one be found which more truly merits the term " model " than Muth's Steam Bakery. The leading bakeries from all parts of the Union acknowledge the fact, and regard the proprietor as an authority in all that pertains to the baker's craft. Muth's is the oldest existing bakery west of the Alleghany Mountains, the business having been in charge of three generations of the same family, beginning in 1829 with the grandfather, continued by the father, Augustus H. Moth. and finally coining to the present owner, Mr. Augustus E. Muth. The original location of the bakery was on the north side of Fifth street near Walnut, where it remained until " Uncle Sam" took possessionn of

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the ground for his Government building. Since then the bakery has been located on Richmond street near Central avenue, and has been continually enlarging and improving until now it is a substantial four-story brick building, occupying .Nos. 87, 89, 91 and 93 of this street, and supplying not only a large part of Cincinnati with bread daily but also shipping to all points within a radius of one hundred miles of the city. Here we find the most improved bake-ovens mid specially constructed machinery for sifting flour and handling dough on a large scale, much of which was devised and has been patented by Mr. Muth. The ventilation and lighting of the building are perfect, and throughout which cleanliness is strictly maintained. Only the best materials are used. Flour is bought by the carload, the upper floors of this large building being covered with tier upon tier of jute bags tilled with best patent Hour. This is a wholesale house only, and manufactures bread exclusively; but variety is given to the business by turning out some thirty or forty different kinds, to suit all tastes.

Mr. Math entered the shop when a young boy and grew up with the business. He is thoroughly familiar with and personally supervises every detail of his business, thereby keeping the quality of his product up to the highest standard and making his name and trademark a household word among Cincinnatians for a good wholesome loaf of bread.

MRS. MARGARET DORN. baker. was born in Bavaria, Germany and was reared and educated in the public schools of that country. In 1852 she emigrated to the United States and settled in Cincinnati. On October 22, 1853, she married G. F. Dorn, who was a baker by trade. and followed that, business, in which he commenced for himself in 1854 at No. 303 Freeman street- The fruits of their marriage were six children, live of whom are living: Katherina, who married William Spearing, and resides in Cincinnati; Amelia; William; Annie, married to G. W. Seaver; Tillie, married to George Kennedy. Mr. Dorn was a member of Company G, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth O. V. I. He also belonged to the Order of Red Men, the Knights of Pythias. Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Bakers' Association and the A. P. A. He was a member of St- Peter's Church, Cincinnati, as is also his widow. e died in 1870. His widow now carries on the bakery business at No, 1650 Eastern avenue.

J. CHARLES MCCULLOUGH, one of the best known seedsmen of the West. was born in Pleasant Ridge. Ohio, and is a son of J. M. McCullough, whose name is unrivaled in the seed business in this country. He passed his boyhood and early manhood associated with his father in the seed business, thus becoming perfectly familiar with every detail, both horticultural and commercial. In 1887 he engaged ill business for himself, and met with universal success from the start. The rapid increase of his business soon necessitated his removal to his present more extensive quarters, at the corner of Second and Walnut streets. His stock includes every hind of seed and implement necessary for the farm and garden. and no pains are spared to make it, complete. During the holiday season he carries a full variety of holly and evergreen wreaths and branches and Christmas trees, in the choice and preparation of which he has acquired an enviable reputation. Mr. McCullough ;also deals in buggies and harness, and is connected with the McCullough Buggy Company, whose High Grade " vehicles ;and harnesses have become very popular all over the United States. He is a member of the Lincoln Club of Cincinnati, and resides at Pleasant Ridge. Ohio, within a hundred yards of the place of his birth.

WALTER ST. JOHN JONES, president, of the Miami Valley Insurance Company, was born at New Haven, Conn., September 2. 1850, son of John D. and Elizabeth (Johnston) Jones. He attended the public schools of Cincinnati until the age of twelve, and then spent one year at Alt. Pleasant Military Academy, Sing Sing, N. Y., and the same length of time at Chester Military Academy, Westchester, Penn. In 1869 he entered Yale College, and graduated in 1873, immediately thereafter com-

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mencing the study of law with Perry & Jenney, and entered tile Cincinnati Law School, graduating in 1875. He practiced in the State and United States courts until 1890, after which he devoted himself entirely to the management of property for non-residents and legal collections. In November, 1891, he was elected vice-president of the Miami Valley Insurance Company, of which he became president in February, 1892. This Company was chartered as the Portsmouth Insurance Company, of Portsmouth, Ohio, in 1837 ; in 1860 the flame was changed to the present style, and the offices were removed to Cincinnati. Mr. Jones is also secretary and treasurer of the Lewis & Talbott Stone Company, of Centerville, Ohio, and president of the Dayton, Lebanon & Cincinnati Railroad Company.

On October 5, 1861, he married Jean, daughter of David and Agnes (Clark) Boss, of Louisville. Ky., natives of Scotland, and one child. Agnes, was born to them- Mrs. Jones died April 15, 1885 and on April 13, 1888. He married Martha B., daughter of Henry Lewis, of Cincinnati. To this union one child, Elizabeth St. John, was been born. Mr. Jones united with the Protestant Episcopal Church while a student at. Westchester, Penn., and has been a member of the vestry of the church at Glendale for fifteen years. He was also actively identified with the building of the Lyceum at that place. In politics Mr. Jones is a Republican.

GIDEON BURTON was born August. 11, 1811, in Sussex county, Del,, son of Robert and Betsey (West) Burton, both of whom were natives of Delaware and of English descent. Gideon spent his boyhood days upon his father's plantation, receiving a meager education, and at the age of fourteen went to Philadelphia, where he found employment in the wholesale dry goods house of Johnson & Tingley, with whom he remained as an employe, being advanced step by step. until 1833, when he became associated with the firm as a junior partner, his net profits during the first year being $5,000, while his expenses aggregated but $350. In 1848 he came to Cincinnati and established a silk store, conducting it successfully until 1851, when the parent, establishment in Philadelphia failed, causing the suspension of the Cincinnati branch. ln 1853 Mr. Burton, together with Thomas Quigley, invested $35,000, and so successful was Mr. Burton's conduct of the business that his special partner realized $100,000 therefrom in nine Nears. For the. past thirteen years Mr. Burton has been engaged in the fire insurance business in Cincinnati. He was married, December 1, 1835, to Catherine M., daughter of William Torbert. of Bucks county, Penn. Of the live children born to this marriage, four survive. Robert Bedell Burton. the eldest son, was engaged in the shoe business with his father until his death in 1878; he married Clara, daughter of the late B. F. Brenan, for many years president of the Franklin Bank, of Cincinnati. The surviving children are: Capt. W. 'I'. Burton, Rev. John Henry Burton. K. Mitchell Burton and Martha Siddons (Burton) Morris, wife of Joseph S. Morris, of Louisville, Ky. Capt. William T. Burton served throughout the war of the Rebellion, being mustered out in command of Company B. Seventh O. V. C., of which company he was in command for nearly three years, serving in the army of the Tennessee. He is now engaged in the insurance business in Cincinnati. He is married to Jennie, daughter of the late Solomon Langdon. and they reside in Clifton. Rev. John Henry Burton is rector of a Protestant Episcopal Church in Lansdale, Montgomery Co.. Penn. ; he married Fanny, daughter of Herrick, of Cleveland, Ohio, and has live children. K. Mitchel Burton is secretary of the Cincinnati Barbed Wire Fence Company; he married Effie, daughter of Robert Johnson. a manufacturer of Springfield, Ohio, and of the children born of this marriage live survive.

From childhood Gideon Burton has been an active, member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In 1849 James C. Hall and Gideon Burton. believing that another Episcopal Church should he established in Cincinnati, raised within a few days the sum of $2,500, rented Melodeon Hall, and installed Rev. William M. Nicholson as rector of the new Church, which subsequently was known as St. John's, and is now

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known as St. Paul's, the present edifice being located on the southeast corner of Plum and Seventh streets. This is now the leading church of the denomination in the community. Of the twelve original vestrymen of this church, Mr. Burton alone survives. He also assisted in establishing the Church of the Messiah, Clinton street, and was one of the four to establish the mission, which is now St. Lake's Church. He has been prominently identified with the work of the Union Bethel, was for years one of its directors and teachers, and has been engaged in Sunday-school work continuously for sixty-live years. He is a member of the Church of Our Saviour. He resides on Mt. Auburn.

ENOCH T. CARSON, president of the Knights Templar Insurance Company, was born September 18, 1822, in Green township, this county, and is a son of William J. and Margaret (Terry) Caisson. His maternal ancestors came from Virginia, and were among the first settlers in Cincinnati.

Our subject remained with his father on the farm until his twenty-third year, when he served three years as collector of tolls on the Cincinnati and Harrison turnpike, during which time he largely made up the deficiencies of his early education by systematic reading during his leisure hours. In 1848 he was appointed deputy sheriff of Hamilton county, and served for two years. He then entered the employ of the Hamilton & Dayton Railroad Company, where he remained two years, and became their first depot master at the Sixth Street Depot, Cincinnati, In November, 1852, he was appointed chief deputy sheriff of Hamilton county, the duties of which office he faithfully executed for four years, Two years after the expiration of his term of office he engaged in the lamp and gas business, which he followed until 1861, when President Lincoln appointed him United States repository and collector of the Port of Cincinnati, an office which, with the outbreak of the Rebellion, developed from a minor position to one of vital importance. Cincinnati being the distributing point for the armies South, questions arose of the most perplexing nature, and requiring the soundest. judgment to correctly adjust. During his administration ten million dollars were sometimes received in a single day, and the amount on deposit upon one occasion reached the enormous sum of thirty millions. To stand keeper of such vast stores almost, within hearing of the famished Confederacy's cannon certainly required great courage, but he remained in the position until the close of the war, when he retired from office, and the following year made an extensive four of the Old World.

In 1868, in connection with Mr. John E. Bell, he engaged in the development and sale of a large tract, of land in Mill Creek Bottom, which they subdivided into building lots. Three years later he returned to the gas fixture and lamp business, in which he continued some two years. In 1870, being the nominee of both parties, he was almost unanimously elected member of the State Board of Equalization, in which position he rendered signal service to the tax-payers of Cincinnati. The following year he was appointed commissioner of costs and fees of Hamilton county; also a member of the board of park commissioners of Cincinnati. Mr. Carson became a member of the Masonic Order in 1845, was elected grand commander of Knights Templar of Ohio in 1871, and about the same time lieutenant-commander of the Northern Supreme Council of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, thirty-third degree. Mr. Carson has one of the largest private libraries of English, French and German works on secret societies in the world; it is also especially rich in illustrated Shakespearean literature.

CHARLES E,. LOGAN, general agent of The Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company. was born in Cincinnati, March 17, 1852, son of Adam A. and Mary (Smith) Logan, the former a native of Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish descent, and the latter a native of Scotland. Adam A. Logan carne to Cincinnati from Pennsylvania in 1828, and was for many years, and until his retirement from business, a leading merchant tailor. He is still living. His wife died in 1877,

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Charles E. Logan completed his education at Hughes High School in 1868, learned the trade of stone-cutting, and engaged at same until 1881, when he became chief clerk in the engineering department of the Cincinnati Southern road. In 1887 he resigned this position to accept the general agency of the Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company. He is a member of the Cincinnati Life Underwriters' Association, and has been president of that organization. He is past eminent, commander of the Cincinnati Commandery, Knights Templar, and is a memr of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Logan was married, in March, 1891, to Clara, daughter of Charles Balser, transfer agent of the Cincinnati Southern. He has one child, Charles E. Logan, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Logan reside on Oak and Melrose avenues, Walnut Hills.

JAMES WILKINS IREDELL, JR., was born in Norristown, Montgomery Co., Penn., June 17, 1841, He is a son of Robert and Teressa (Jones) Iredell, both natives of Montgomery county, of English descent, and both lineally descended from associates of William Peen in the first settlement of the Keystone State. Robert Iredell, the father of the. immediate subject of this sketch, was for more than forty years the editor and proprietor of the Norristown Herold and Free Press, a newspaper that was established in 1799; it was one of the leading Whig papers in the State, and one of the original Republican papers. He was born in 1809, and still resides at Norristown, near the place of his birth, and where his great-grandfather located in 1700.

James W. Iredell, Jr., was educated at the Tremont Seminary, an institution presided over by the famous abolition-leader, Rev. Samuel Aaron, At the age of seventeen he began to learn watch making, and was thus employed for two years. He then learned the business of conveyancing and title examining, and this occupation he was following at the time of the breaking out of the war; when he enlisted in Company I. Fifty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, Col, Hartranft (afterward major-general and governor) commanding. Shortly after his enlistment he was detailed to the Commissary, afterward to the Quartermaster's department, and was serving in the latter capacity at the close of the war, at headquarters of the Ninth Army Corps, Gen. A. E. Burnside commanding. One of the important duties devolving upon him was the fitting out of the expedition transporting the Paymasters and several millions of dollars from Camp Nelson, to Knoxville. In this expedition Maj. McDowell was ranking Paymaster.

After the wear he became identified with the Cincinnati Home Fire Insurance Company, with headquarters at Detroit, Mich. In 1867 he became general agent of the Cincinnati Mutual Life Insurance Company, of which Hon. William P. Nixon was president, and Hon, C. D. Robertson, ex-judge of the Common Pleas Court of Hamilton county, was vice-president. In 1869 Mr. Iredell was made secretary of the Home Mutual Life Insurance Company, with headquarters at Cincinnati. When the three Cincinnati Life Insurance Companies consolidated under the name of the Union Central Life Insurance Company Mr. Iredell was appointed Superintendent of Agencies for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company of Philadelphia, and organized the territory from Pittsburgh to California. On January 1, 1887, he entered upon the duties of the position which he has ever since filled, that of general manager for Ohio, Kentucky and Tennessee of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company. Mr. Iredell has been engaged in the life insurance business in Cincinnati for twenty-six years continuously.

The Masonic record of James W. Iredell is as follows: Raised in 1869 in Golden Rule Lodge, Covington, Ky-; exalted May 3, 1875, in Cincinnati Royal Arch Chapter No, 2; made a Royal and Select Master in Cincinnati Council No. 1, 1880; made a Knight Templar in Cincinnati Commandery No. 3, May 22, 1875, and made a Prince of the Royal Secret 32nd grade in the Ohio Consistory, A. & A. S. Rite, February, 1881. He has held in the Cincinnati Chapter the following posi-

892 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

lions: Grand Master 1st Veil, 1876-77: Royal Arch Captain, 1877-78; Principal Sojourner, 1878-79; Scribe, 1879-80: King, 1880-81, and High Priest, 1882-83. In the Cincinnati Council he was Thrice Illustrious Master, 1884-86. In the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Ohio he was appointed Grand Master 3rd Veil, 1882; Grand Royal Arch Captain, 1883; Grand Captain of the Host, 1884. He was elected Grand Scribe, 1884: Grand King, 1885-86: Dep. Grand High Priest, 1887, and Grand High Priest, 1888-89-00.

Mr. Iredell was married October 6, 1868, to Jennie E,, daughter of the late Franklin and Theodosia Bradford (Corlis) Rust, of Kenton county, Ky. The Busts are of Virginia descent, and Mrs. Rust, is the granddaughter of John Bradford, who founded the first newspaper published west. of the Alleghany Mountains, at Lexington. Ky., and known as the Lexington Gazette. Mr. and Mrs. Iredell have three children: Teressa J., Charles J., and Jennie R. The family reside at Avondale, and are members of the Episcopal Church of that place.

JAMES DALTON, investment broker. was born December .31, 1828, in Washington. D. C. He is a son of Joseph and Jane (Grimes) Dalton. the former a native of Boston, Mass., the latter of Georgetown, Md., rued both of English descent. Joseph Dalton was a carriage-maker, and in 1834 became associated in that business in Cincinnati with George C. MILLER. He died in 1856. His wife survived him twenty years.

James Dalton received his schooling at the Franklin street and Woodward schools, and when fourteen years old began to learn carriage-making. became a journeyman and followed his trade until twenty years of age, when he invested his earnings in stocking a dry-goods store, which he successfully conducted until 1864. He then embarked in the real-estate and brokerage business with the late John Gregg, with whom he was associated until the latter's death in 1880, since which time he has continued in business alone. Mr. Dalton is a Republican, and was for many years actively identified with the work of his party. He has held many positions of trust. He represented his ward (the old Eighteenth) in council for a number of years, during which time he was chairman of the committee of public improvements. During this period, and as a member of the board of public improvements under several mayors, he was active in the organization of the street cleaning and health departments, the building of the workhouse and the city hospital, and the laying out and construction of McLean and Gilbert avenues. For fifteen rears he has been one of the directors of the House of Refuge, and was one of the leading advocates of the plan, subsequently carried out, of locating the reservoir in Eden Park. He was married May 16. 1848, to Lauretta, daughter of the late Washington G. Halley, for many years a furniture manufacturer, and subsequently a boot and shoe dealer of Cincinnati. Two children were born to this marriage--Ales. Carrie, wife of Capt. J. R. Stewart, president of the Bradford Mill Company, Cincinnati. and Mrs. Belle, wife of J. J. H. Hill, a merchant and member of the Board of Trade of Chicago, Ill. Mr. and Mrs. Dalton reside on Chateau avenue, Price Hill, in the improvement of which charming suburb Mr. Dalton has been actively concerned. The family are members of the Richmond Street Christian Church.

DONALD MACDONALD, Jr., president and treasurer of the Kanawha Coal & Coke Company, was born in Collingwood, Ontario, Canada, December 6, 1864, and is a son of Donald and Elizabeth (Leach) Macdonald, natives of Scotland, and Wimbledon, England, respectively. His maternal grandfather served for many years as lieutenant-colonel in the British army. After he was placed upon the retired list by the War Department the Government presented him with one thousand acres of land near Georgian Bay. to which he removed in 1823 for the purpose of developing it. The paternal grandparents of oar subject emigrated to the United States whorl his father was seven years of age, located in New York, where they remained

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thirteen years, and then removed to Canada, where they engaged in the lumber business, assisting Col. Leach in the development of his tract, which was heavily timbered.. Donald Macdonald, Sr., and his wife still reside in Canada. The family consisted of eleven children: Christopher, who is engaged in the lumber business in Cheboygan, Mich. ; William, who is engaged in the insurance business in Toronto, Canada; James, secretary of the Webster 'Manufacturing Company of Chicago; Elizabeth, wife of Charles Flint, of Toronto, Canada; Minnie, wife of W. D. Elliot, who is engaged in the lumber business with his brother-in law, Christopher: George, division superintendent of the Pullman Car Company of Philadelphia; Donald, the subject of this sketch: Jennie, who resides with her, parents; Alfred J., chief clerk of the Chesapeake & Ohio railroad at Huntington, W. Va,; Charles. mechanical engineer for the Webster Manufacturing Company of Chicago. and Frederick Arthur, chief bookkeeper of the Kanawha Coal & Coke Company.

Our subject was educated in the Collingwood Collegiate Institute, and then entered the office of his uncle, Dr. Alfred Leach, and read medicine for one wear, in the meantime mastering telegraphy. He then entered the employ of the Great Northwestern Telegraph Company as operator at Peterboro, Canada, where ho remained one year, meanwhile familiarizing himself with stenography. His next position was at Port Hope as assistant train dispatcher for the Grand Trunk railway. and eighteen months later he became chief clerk to the mechanical superintendent, which position he filled eight months. He then accepted a clerkship in the general manager's office of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad at Louisville, Ky., and one year later was made chief clerk, filling the latter position two years. He next entered the employ of the Chesapeake & Ohio railroad as assistant to the general manager, with headquarters at Cincinnati, and one year later, when the office was abolished, went to Huntington, W. Va., as train-master. Here he began to take an interest in the rich coal fields, and he was largely instrumental in organizing the company of which he was made president. He resigned his position with the Chesapeake & Ohio railway December 1, 1892, to accept his present position, and soon afterward removed to Cincinnati. The Company controls thirty-five thousand acres of coal land in the Kanawha valley, though a portion of it is owned by various other companies. Mr. Macdonald was united in marriage June 6, 1888, with Miss Julia Lee, daughter of J. B. Alexander. of Louisville, Ky.. and they have one child, Alexander. He and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church of Covington, where they reside, surrounded by everything that goes to make a happy home.

JAMES W. MCLAUGHLIN, one of the leading architects of the West, was born in Cincinnati November 1, 1834, and is the son of William and Mary A. (Robinson) McLaughlin. His father, who was of a well-known Pennsylvania family, came, in 1818, from the vcinity of Pittsburgh to Cincinnati, where he was for many years a merchant, the style of the Brut being at one time McLaughlin & Shillito; the institution has since become one of the largest of its kind in Ohio. The mother of our subject was born in Baltimore, Md.. whence her parents emigrated to Cincinnati about, 1814. Of her children, three survive: George, ex-president of the Firemen's Insurance Company. Cincinnati; James W., and Louisa, who is a well-known artist, and the authoress of several books on painting on china and kindred subjects; she has also made some valuable discoveries in the manufacture of pottery, which have been utilized by the Rookwood Pottery, making its pottery famous-it being in some respects the finest manufactory, not only in this country, but in the world.

Our subject received his education in the public schools of Cincinnati, and then pursued the study of his profession under the tutorship of James K. Wilson. He opened an office of his own in 1855, since which time he has continued to follow his profession here with the exception of the tinge during the Civil war, when he served

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as first lieutenant in Gen. Fremont's bodyguard in Missouri. To give Mr. McLaughlin proper rating in his profession, it is but necessary to mention a few of the hundreds of magnificent buildings which he has designed. His first residence design was that of the Judge Este homestead on Fourth street, now the Shoemaker residence, which was once illustrated in Scribner's Monthly." He was also the architect of the residences of W. S, Groesbeck, John Shillito, H. H. Vail, S. P. Kineon, Harry L. Laws, Col. Weir, Gen. A. T. Goshorn, R. H. Shoemaker and Herman Goepper. Among the more important business structures which he has designed may be mentioned: the old Shillito building, now McAlpin's, on Fourth street, also the new Shillito building; Mabley & Carew's; the new Carew; the Johnston; the Wiggins and Rawson buildings. He was also the architect of the Unitarian church; the courthouse; public library: art museum; art school; and the Young Men's Christian Association building. The new courthouse of Richmond, Wayne Co., Ind., also owes the beauty of its architecture to his genius. Mr. McLaughlin loses no opportunity to keep abreast with the progress of his profession, having even made visits to the Old World that he might study its architecture. He has been a member of the American Institute of Architecture for over twenty years, was its vicepresident from 1889 to 1891, and is now president of the Ohio Chapter. J. W. McLaughlin was married, September 27, 1862, to Miss Olive, daughter of Simeon Barge, formerly of Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, by whom he has had nine children. He has four grandchildren. The family reside at Mt. Auburn.

AUGUST LASANCE. lumber dealer and packing-box manufacturer, was born September 15, 1861. in Ripley county, Ind., and is the youngest of nine children born to Bernard and Eliza (Shafer) Lasance, both natives of Germany. Seven members of this family are still living, and reside in Cincinnati: Mary, wife of Herman Dirkes; Annie, wife of Bartholomew Manegold; Frederick; Christopher; Maggie, wife of Frederick Schnyder; Herman, and our subject, who was married in June, 1884, to Josephine, daughter of George and Cecelia (Hearkommer) Mueller. They are the parents of the following children: Mary J., born March 17, 1886; Catherine C., born November 22, 1889; Nora Ellen Augusta, born November 25, 1891, and August Christopher, born December 28, 1893. Mr. Lasance is an enterprising business man. He employs some thirty-two men in his establishment, dealing in all kinds of lumber, and manufacturing all kinds of packing boxes.

HORACE JOHNSON STANLEY, City engineer of Cincinnati, was born August 12, 1846, at Mayfield, Fulton Co., N. Y., son of Thomas Samuel and Abigail (Burr) Stanley. His father was a native of Hartford, Conn., born in July, 1817; his mother was a daughter of Nathan Burr, of Kingsboro, N. Y. The former, who was a farmer and lumber dealer by occupation, now resides at Amsterdam, N. Y. There were five children in his family: Adeline Burr married Joseph Birch, and they reside in Amsterdam; Roxana Leonard married Jeremiah Watson, and they reside in Staunton, Mass. ; Eugenia Mills married Charles Deal, and they reside at Amsterdam,

The subject of this notice was reared and educated at Mayfield and Kingsboro, came to Cincinnati in 1867, and in May of the same year entered the office of R. C. Phillips, and started in his chosen profession of civil engineering. May 1, 1870, he entered the city civil engineer's office of Cincinnati as draughtsman, and his subsequent connection with this department forms an important feature of his business life. From draughtsman he was advanced to the position of assistant, city engineer, and in March, 1880, he way elected chief engineer by the board of public works, which position he now holds. In politics, Mr. Stanley is a Republican, is a life member of the Lincoln Club, and a member of the Blaine Club. He was married January 16, 1873, to Miss Mary J., daughter of Michael Tempest, and they have had children as follows: Clarence, Lincoln. Susie Burr, Horace 'Tempest and Helen Abigail, all living. In religious belief he and his wife are Presbyterians. He is a past member of the I. O. O. F., also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr.

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Stanley has a pleasant home in Tusculum, and it is the ardent wish of his friends that he may live long to enjoy his bright family circle and pleasant surroundings.

JAMES ALBERT GRAFT was born in Butler county, Ohio, July 30, 1853, a son of Abraham and Mary (Smith) Graft, the former of whom was born in Butler county, the latter in Pennsylvania, both of Holland-Dutch extraction.

James received his early education in the public and high schools of his native county, and for several years thereafter assisted his father in the management of the farm. In 1874 he came to Cincinnati, and became associated with R. G. Dan & Company, in 1875 establishing "The Mercantile & Collection Agency." publishing, in connection with that business, an annual known as "Graft's Legal Directory," a business which has grown to considerable dimensions, and has headquarters in the Johnston building. Mr. Graft is a Republican, and has been more or less actively identified with the work of his party in this county. He was one of the Representatives to the State Legislature in 1892-93, and was a member of the finance committee of that body. He was married, September 16, 1882, to Matilda, daughter of Samuel B. 'Marsh, a retired farmer of Harrison, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Graft reside at Harrison, of which corporation he was elected mayor in 1890. During his term of office, and largely through his efforts, Harrison was improved in a variety of ways, notably in that of being supplied with power operating a waterworks and electric light plant.

COLONEL FRANK M. JOYCE was born March 18, 1862, at Covington, Ind., the only child of Bishop Isaac W. and Carrie (Bosserman) Joyce, the former of Irish, the latter of Pennsylvania-Dutch, extraction. Isaac W. Joyce, who is one of the most distinguished ministers of the Methodist Church, carne to Cincinnati in 1880, and occupied the pulpit of St. Paul and Trinity Churches; he is now a bishop of the M. E. Church.

Col. Frank M. Joyce was educated at Asbury (now DePauw) University, and while there had charge of the military department, commanding the famous Asbury cadets, who won the First National Artillery prize in 1882 at Indianapolis, defeating eight competing batteries from various cities. After graduation he came to Cincinnati, and was for live years paying teller in the Queen City National Bank. In 1888 he accepted the general agency of the Provident, Life and Trust Company, and was associated with that company until 1890, when he entered the service of the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, as district agent, in which capacity he has built up an enviable reputation as an expert and absolutely reliable insurance man. Daring the riot in Cincinnati, in March, 1884, Col. Joyce commanded the Second Battery, now Battery B, O. N. G., and received special commendation from Gov. Hoadly, then governor of Ohio, for the efficient service rendered. In 1889 he organized the Avon Rifles, composed of the best young men of Avondale, a suburb of Cincinnati. He is a member of Gov. McKinley's staff. Col. Joyce has been somewhat prominently identified with the musical interests of Cincinnati, and is the president of the Orpheus Club, the well-known male chorus. Col. Joyce was married, in March, 1883, to Jessie F., daughter of the late Hon. Jesse Birch, a prominent lawyer of Bloomington, Ill. Four children were born to this marriage: Arthur Reamy, Carolyn, Wilbur B. and Helen.

LEANDER HARRIS COREY was born in Bradford county. Penn.. April 11, 1811. His father, Jonathan Corey, was a native of Bennington, Vt., of English ancestry, being a descendant of Elizabeth, only child of the fifth Sir Francis Drake, and William Corey, who came to America and settled in Rhode Island. His mother was Nancy Miller, of Pennsylvania.

Leander H. came with his parents to Cincinnati in 1817, he being then about six years of age. Their home was on the corner of Western row (now Central avenue) and Fifth street. Early in life evincing a decided taste for machinery, he placed himself in a position to acquire a thorough knowledge of its construction, and

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upon attaining his majority he was employed in the machine works of Hanks & Niles, then at the head of Main street, Subsequently he became their superintendent. In January, 1845, their shops were removed to what was then known as the " Month of Deer Creek," Front street, where the Pennsylvania and Pan Handle depot now stands, Their premises occupied the ground from Front to Congress street (now Pearl), while on the north side of Congress they erected the locomotive works (now occupied by Greenwald & Company). Later, the Niles brothers retiring, a stock company was formed, of which Mr. Corey was a member, also retaining his superintendency. During the latter part of their business existence they contracted with the Government for and built the noted ironclad monitors, the "Oneota" and "Catawba." For forty years Mr, Corey devoted his energy to his chosen calling, and stood at the head of the constructing engineers of his time. Retiring from business he removed to Highland county, where he died January 2, 1881. In 1881 he was united in marriage with Elizabeth Friend, daughter of Charles Howard and Elizabeth Friend, who at that time were residents of Cincinnati, since of Lockland, Ohio. Two children were the issue of their marriage: the daughter, Mary J., married Jerome Burch, a graduate of the Cincinnati Law School in 1855, who died in 1872, leaving a wife and three children, Saidee E., Harvey Calvert, who died at the age of twenty-seven, and Albert H. Burch; Mrs. Burch married Junes C. Martin, and she is now residing in Cincinnati with her two remaining children. The son, Robert. L. Corey, has filled various positions of trust, and is at present on the sanitary board of the city. He married Miss Kate Yockie, and their family consists of eight children: Robert H. (who is a trusted employe at the city post office), Lilly, Alberta, Florence, Olive, Edith, Arthur and Wesley B. In 1855 Mr. Corey, then residing on Pike street, purchased a lovely home on the (_Irandin road, East Walnut Hills, immediately opposite the Edwards road, and there, surrounded by every comfort, his estimable wife died in 1859.

JOHN A. JOHNSON was born at Lynchburg, Campbell Co., Va., February 24, 1849. When he was nearly a year old his parents removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, and he resided there continuously until 1883, when he removed to Covington. Ky., where he now makes his home. He was educated in the public schools of Cincinnati, graduating at Hughes High School June 29, 1866, the fifth in a class of twenty, bearing away two out of three prizes given, a silver medal for mathematics and a fifty-dollar scholarship for the natural sciences. After graduating he made a tour of Europe, in the course of which he made the ascent of Mt. Blanc, in the company of two guides. On his return he engaged in the leaf tobacco business with his father, John T. Johnson, with whom he remained seven years. In 1874 he became bookkeeper for S. Davis Jr. & Company, large pork merchants, and in 1876 paymaster for the Cincinnati Water Works. In 1880 he was appointed chief deputy in the office of the county clerk of Hamilton county, and in 1883 became secretary of the Covington and Cincinnati Bridge Company, where he still remains. Too young to participate in the great struggle of '61, at the close of the war, when a movement was started among the veterans to organize a battalion. he entered heartily into the movement and enlisted. February 10, 1869, in Company B, First Battalion, Cincinnati Zouaves. He was elected second lieutenant December 20, 1870; promoted to first lieutenant February 10, 1871; promoted to captain of Company B, April 27, 1871, which position he filled by re-election until December 20, 1879, when business engagements compelled him to resign. In 1882 he was unanimously elected lieutenant-colonel of the First Regiment Infantry, O. N. G., and served until June 21, 1884, when by reason of removal from the State he was again compelled to resign. He and his company were complimented in general orders, 1874, for promptness in responding to active duty call at the time of the Nelsonville riots. He was honorably mentioned in the official reports of 1877 for duty at Columbus and Newark during the great railroad riots of that year, and served with distinction during the celebrated Cincinnati riot, of March, 1884.

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While in the tobacco business Mr. Johnson was for several years assistant secretary and reporter of the Cincinnati Tobacco Association, and prepared and opened the first statistical records of the business of that important trade. He served as president of the Hughes Alumnal Association, and was one of the committee that prepared the militia laws under which the service was properly recognized by the city and State. While captain of Company B he had the best drilled company in the State, au honor which was often disputed, but of which they were never deprived. In 1885 he became a member of the firm of J. W. & T. G. Robinson, proprietors of the large planing-chill at. the corner of Seventh and Carr streets, established in 1865, and was chiefly instrumental in having that institution incorporated in 1888, when he was elected secretary and treasurer, a position which he still holds. Col. Johnson is well known on Third street, and is regarded as a safe financial manager, as is evidenced by the fact that he has been treasurer of almost every organization to which he ever belonged, including Christie Methodist Episcopal Church of Cincinnati, and Union Methodist Episcopal Church of Covington, Ky., serving in that position in the latter church for the past five years. Col. Johnson was married, in 1878, to the sister of Col. W. L. Robinson, of Cincinnati, and their union has been blessed with two children, both boys: Pierce J. and Leslie H.

PHILIP WINKLER, magistrate, office in the City Hall building, was born in Cincinnati, June 18, 1864, and is a son of Charles and Caroline (Metz) Winkler. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and in 1879 entered the once of the city solicitor as assistant clerk, under Philip H. Kumler, present judge of the court of common pleas. He also served one year under city solicitor F. M. Coppock; in 1886 served as clerk in the mayor's office for a short, time under the Hon. Amor Smith, resigning to accept a position as record examiner in the city engineer's department, and held this position, with the exception of the year 1890 (during which he was engaged in the real-estate and insurance business), until he was elected magistrate in November, 1893.

Mr. Winkler was married, September 19, 1888, to Anna Maria, daughter of Nicholas and Anna Maria (Schimpf) Winder, natives of Germany. Their union has. been blessed with one child, Robert Archibald. In religious faith the family of our subject, are Protestants. Mr. Winkler is a member of Auburn Lodge No. 404, K. of P., and politically he is a Republican. He is of German and American parentage, His father was born in Germany February 17, 1837, and in 1847 came to Cincinnati, where he still resides; he is an insurance broker. His mother was born in Cincinnati, December 7, 1844. They have had born to them fourteen children, of whom the following survive: Philip, Carrie, Lena, John, Ella, William, Garfield, Ida and. Samuel.

JOSEPH F. KUSHMAN, justice of the peace, office No. 80 West Seventh street, residence No. 399 West Court street, was born in Cincinnati April 23, 1863, and is a son of Lewis and Mary (Hendricks) Kushman, who have hail seven children, five of whom survive: J. F., J. H., Fred T., Elizabeth and Fannie. Lewis Kushman was born May 12, 1839, in Cleveland, and his wife was born March 1, 1837, in Ireland; they reside in Cincinnati, where Mr. Kushman holds the position of jailer of Hamilton county.

Our subject was educated at St. Peter's Cathedral school, in Cincinnati, and at the age of sixteen years entered the employ of the O. & M. railroad as messenger boy in the freight office, filling every position in the office until appointed depot master, in which he continued until elected a justice of the peace. In 1886 he was elected a member of the city council from the Sixteenth Ward, on the Republican, ticket, defeating his opponent by a majority of 529 votes. or lacking one vote of defeating him two to one. He was renominated and re-elected in 1888, defeat ii his second opponent by a majority of over two to one. In 1890 he was again nominated, but declined to make the race. November 7, 1893, he was elected justice of

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the peace (the position he now holds), and received the highest vote of six candidates, being elected by a majority of 8,000. Mr. Hushman married Mary McKendrick, and their union was blessed with five children: Lewis F., Charles S., Mary, Henry and George Cox, of whom the last two are deceased. Mr. Kushman is a Republican in his political views, and is a member of the Blaine Club and the Sixteenth Ward Republican Club.

EDWARD J. TYRRELL was born October 4, 1846, in Hempstead, L. I., State of New York. His parents were Irish. His father, William H. Tyrrell, was a graduate of Dublin University, Ireland: his mother, Catherine Atchison, was the eldest child of George Atchison and Margaret Crawford, people of distinction of that country. Edward wag the youngest of seven children and the only one born in America, He learned the trade of machinist, and followed same for over twenty years in Cincinnati. When a mere boy, at the breaking out of the Civil war, he entered the United States navy, and served his country gallantly until the close of that conflict, when, after a brief sojourn ashore, he went to the Indian war, then raging in Texas, and served three years in the famous Fourth United States Cavalry; he was severely wounded at Phantom Hill. In June, 1809, he was honorably discharged, came North, and after months of suffering from the old wound, commenced work at his trade, machinist, in which he continued until chosen by the people of Cincinnati to serve as a justice of the peace for a term of three years, commencing April 10, 1888. Having served there so well and made a brilliant record, he was again prevailed upon to run, and was re-elected by an increased majority. In April, 1894, as his term was about to expire, the people again demanded his re-election, and by an overwhelming majority he was once more called to be the tribune of the people. He is familiarly called and better known as "the Commodore," having been chosen to that proud position by the Naval Veterans of this vicinity, of which he was the recognized leader.

Justice Tyrrell married in 1870, and had two sons, George W. Tyrrell and James Edward Tyrrell, The latter died at an early age; the former, who was by profession an attorney at law, was his father's efficient clerk and right-hand rnan; he died March 12, 1894, aged twenty-three years.

WILLIAM GEORGE CALDWELL was born near Omagh, County Tyrone, Ireland, April 10, 1846. His father, Samuel Caldwell, was a native of Ireland, of Scottish ancestry; his mother, Margaret Marshall, was of French descent. In 1851 they came to America with four children, and settled in Philadelphia. The father engaged in the coal and slate business. When the Civil war broke out he entered the army, and died from wounds received at. the battle of Antietam, He left one daughter, Mary, wife of Dr. Lowing, dentist, who lives on Eighth street, near Elm, and William G., the subject of this sketch.

Mr. Caldwell was reared and educated in Philadelphia, where he attended the Central High School. He came to Cincinnati and entered a dry-goods store as salesman and bookkeeper, acting as such nine years, receiving at first the very remunerative salary of $2 per week, with which amount he was obliged to support himself. On February 27, 1871, he embarked in the business of importing laces, in which he is still engaged at No. 120 West Fourth street. His success is unprecedented, and by straightforward methods and prudence he has acquired an enviable business standing, as well as a comfortable financial condition. On June 7, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Mina Reiker, daughter of William W. and Mary Doan Reiker, all natives of Clermont County, Ohio, Three children are the issue of this marriage, of whom one died young; Ralph is a student of Hughes High School; Louise is also a student. Mr. Caldwell's religious views are not orthodox, but of the liberal order. Neither is he allied to any political party, believing in the best man for the place. His military experience was limited to the famous "Morgan Raid" in Indiana and Ohio, on which occasion he was on duty for about

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two weeks. The occasion Will long be remembered as one of the greatest "scares" that Cincinnati's ever experienced during the war of the Rebellion.

COLONEL MARTIN BAUM Ewing, residing at Madisonville avenue, East Walnut Hills, was born in Cincinnati March 18, 1834, and is a son of the late Alexander Hamilton And Mary Perry (Baum) Ewing. He received his primary education in the private schools of his native city, and graduated from Yale College in 1855. In 1856-57 he was a member of the lithograph firm of Middleton Wallace & Company, and from 1859 to 1861 was with the Palmer Pump Company. On October 9, 1861, he enlisted in Battery M., First Regiment Light Artillery, Ohio Volunteers, in which regiment he served both as second And first lieutenant. In October, 1863, he was promoted to senior major of the Second Ohio Heavy Artillery; in September, 1863, was appointed lieutenant-colonel of that regiment in which rank he was mustered out. From 1868 to 1875 Col. Ewing was in Chicago, as agent of the estate of George W. Ewing, his brother, William A. Ewing, being executor and trustee of said estate. From 1878 to 1885 he was deputy collector of United States Internal Revenue at Cincinnati, under collectors Amor Smith, Jr., Hon. William H. Taft, Hon. Clark Montgomery and W. T. Bishop.

Col. Ewing was married October 4, 1855, to Adelaide Strobridge; they have had no children. The Colonel and his wife are members of the Episcopal Church. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Cincinnati, military order of the Loyal Legion, Y. M. M. Library, and other Societies; politically he has always been a Republican. The father of our subject was born in Monroe, Mich., February 10, 1803, and died in Cincinnati August 28, 1847. His ancestors came from near Londenderry, Ireland. The mother of our subject was born in Cincinnati August 1, 1812; her father was from near Strasburg, Germany. She now resides with her son at East Walnut Hills. Mr. and Mrs. Alexander H. Ewing had born to them seven children, two of whom only now survive, viz.: our subject, and William Alexander, a real-estate broker residing in Chicago, Ill, The Baum family are among the oldest and most prominent of Cincinnati: they are referred to in another part of this volume.

EPHRAIM CUTLER DAWES is a native of Washington county, Ohio. He is the son of Henry Dawes, who was born in Thomaston, Maine, in 1804, and Sarah Cutler Dawes, who was born in Washington county. Ohio. in 1809, and is still living. Henry Dawes was A son of William M. Dawes, who was born in Boston, Mass., and was for many years a merchant of Morgan county, Ohio. Sarah Cutler Dawes is a daughter of Ephraim Cutler, who was born in 'Martha's Vineyard, Mass., in 1767, and who came to this State in 1795, when it was part of the Northwest Territory. Ephraim Cutler was a most conspicuous character in the early history of Ohio. He was a judge of the court of common pleas, and the court of quarter sessions of the Northwest Territory, a member of the Second Territorial Legislature and of the First Constitutional Convention of Ohio. He was the author And stalwart champion of the anti-slavery clause to the Constitution which encountered bitter opposition. He was twice a member of the State Legislature, and twice a member of the State Senate. He was author of the first school law ever passed in the State, and author of the first ad valorem tax law, a measure which he pressed to successful issue with such persistency as to gain the sobriquet of "old ad valorem."

The subject of this sketch, Ephraim Cutler Dawes, prepared for college and passed through the Freshman year at the State University of Wisconsin. The remaining three years of his college life were spent at Marietta College, where he graduated June 26, 1861. On September 26, 1861, he was appointed first lieutenant and adjutant, in the Fifty-third O. V. I., which regiment served in the army of the Tennessee from the beginning to the end of the Civil war. On January 26, 1863, he was promoted to the rank of major, and on October 31, 1864, was discharged for disability on account of wounds received in action at Dallas, Ga., May 28, 1864,

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where he was shot through the face by a minie ball fired at close range, during the resistance of his command to a charge of the lines of the Confederates. He also received a wound in the back of the head in the same action. At the close of the war he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel for " gallant and meritorious services during the war." Major Dawes is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Loyal Legion, of the Ohio Commandery, of which organization he has been elected commander four times consecutively, ex-president Rutherford B. Hayes having filled the first, second, third and fourth terms of that office, Gen. William T. Sherman the fifth, and Maj. Dawes the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth. He is a trustee of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home of Xenia, Ohio, by appointment of Gov. McKinley. He is a trustee of the State Historical Society, and a member of the Cincinnati Literary Club. Maj. Dawes has been engaged in building railroads, and he is now president of the St. Louis Southern railroad. He is also president of the St. Louis & Bin Muddy Coal Company. He was married in 1866 to Miss M. Frances Bosworth, whose father, Sala Bosworth, was a native of Plymouth, Mass., and whose mother, Joanna Shipman Bosworth, was born in Athens, Ohio. In 1867 Maj. and Mrs. Dawes came to Cincinnati; where they have since resided.

CHARLES HENRY DAVIS, vice-president of the Second National Bank of Cincinnati, was born in Cincinnati, November 3, 1848, His father, the late John H. Davis, was one of eight brothers who came to Cincinnati in the "thirties" from Brighton, Mass., all of whom embarked in the pork and beef packing business. It was largely through tine enterprise of these gentlemen that this industry grew to such mammoth proportions that Cincinnati was known the world over as Porkopolis. The impetus given to the general business of the city through the extensive operations of these great packing houses revolutionized the trade currents, and dates perhaps the most important epoch in the history of Cincinnati. John H. Davis was engaged in this business up to the tune of his death in 1859. His son, Charles H., the subject of this sketch, received his education in the public schools of his native city. His first business connection in the city was as a member of the distilling firm of E. Morgan & Company, this firm being succeeded by that of Teepen & Davis, of which Mr. Davis was the junior member. The firm continued business until 1885, when both members became identified with the Second National Bank of Cincinnati, of which Mr. Davis is vice-president. He was married in 1871 to Grace A., daughter of John Aikman, a merchant of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Davis reside at Pleasant, Ridge.

GEORGE B. KERPER, vice-president of the Cincinnati Edison Electric Light, Company, was born at Reading, Penn., August 20, 1839. He completed his education at the Reading High School, after which he was for a time engaged at Newark, N. J. At the breaking out of the Civil war he was enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-Eighth P. V. I., and saw service at Antietam and Chancellorsville; at the time of its disbandment, he was quartermaster-sergeant of his regiment.

At the close of the war Mr. Kerper became a purchaser of hides for a number of Philadelphia tanneries, and was next engaged for a period of four years in the belting business in New York. He next established the Big Cove tannery, in Fulton county, Penn., and conducted same successfully for some years. In 1874 he traveled throughout Europe, as a representative of the American Tanners' Association of Pennsylvania, his mission being the introduction of American sole leather. In this work he journeyed as far east and north as St. Petersburg, Russia. In July, 1875, Mr. Kerper came to Cincinnati upon invitation of Mr. James E. Mooney, and then, after viewing the partially constructed Mt. Adams Inclined Railway, accepted the management of and completed that work. With this company he remained until January, 1890, building the Walnut Hills Cable road, and the line through Eden Park, procuring all the franchises under which that road is now operating and extending. Mr. Kerper was made the recipient of a magnificent silver service, the

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gift of the citizens of Cincinnati, in token of their appreciation of his valuable services toward the development of our suburban districts. It was Mr. Kerper who conceived the idea of utilizing the rapid transit street cars for United States mail purposes, and his street railway was the first used by the United States Government as a mail line, In March, 1890, Mr. Kerper was appointed by Gov, Campbell a member of the board of public improvements of Cincinnati. In 1892 he became associated with the Cincinnati Electric Light Company, as vice-president, which position he now holds. Mr. Kerper has been a valuable citizen, and has devoted much time gratuitously to public enterprises, notably as a member of the Cincinnati board. Mr. Kerper was married in January, 1876, to Louisa Kuhn, of Felton county, Perm., by whom he has two children. The family reside on May street, Walnut Hills.

DANIEL P. HYATT, office Mitchell building, Cincinnati, residence Hartwell, Ohio, was born April 27, 1846, at Piqua. Ohio, son of Samuel and Lavina Elizabeth (Place) Hyatt, the former born in New York City in 1812, the latter born in Rye, N.Y., in 1805. Samuel Hyatt was a cooper by occupation. He died January 5,1875, preceded by his wife in February, 1869. They were the parents of six children, four of whom are living: Mrs. O. B. Happersett, Urbana, Ohio; Mrs. Joseph D. Burger, Harrison, N. Y.; Mrs, D. H. Stalter, Roslyn, L. I. ; and Daniel P., our subject, who was educated in New York City. Mr. Hyatt was an employe of the United States Express Company for sixteen years, and then engaged in the iron commission business, to which he has given his attention for the past eleven years. He was private in Company A, One Hundred and Thirty-fourth O. V. I. He wag united in marriage with Miss Eliza, daughter of Silas N, and Ann (Hunter) Matthews, the former a native of Vermont, the latter of Ohio. In religion Mr. Hyatt is a Methodist. Politically he is a Republican.

ROBERT H. WEST, of the firm of Long, West and Company, dealers in live stock at the Union stock yards, was born in Louisville, Ky., January 17, 1847, and is the son of John A. and Margaret (Knowles) West, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and of Holland origin, and the latter a grandniece of Daniel Boone, her grandfather having, accompanied him on his last trip over the mountains to Kentucky. The father of our subject, who was a steamboat captain between Louisville and New Orleans, died in 1859 at the age of sixty two years. His mother died in 1872. The family consisted of six children, three of whom are living_ : Samuel M., who is in the employ of the Texas Pacific railroad, with headquarters at Dallas. Texas; F. Jane, and Robert H., the last named being the youngest member of the family.

Mr. West received his education in the public schools of Louisville, Ky., and three weeks after the death of his father carne to Cincinnati, where he took a position in the cigar store of Krohn, Feiss & Co., working for his board and clothes and attending night school, and he remained in the employ, of this firm until after his marriage. On. September 15, 1868, he wedded Miss Sarah K., daughter of Daniel and Emeline (Byington) Wunder, natives of Philadelphia and Connecticut, and of early Pennsylvania-German and old Puritan ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. West have two children: Alice B. (Mrs. A. W. Schell) and Robert H., Jr. Mr. West is a member of the Elks; he is a Republican in his political views, has been a member of the city council, and is now president of the board of trustees of the Public Library.

STEPHEN YUNGBLUTH, coal dealer, was born July 6, 1830, in Lorraine, France, and is the youngest of two children born to Nicholas and Elizabeth (Blaziel) Yungbluth. Mary, the sister, who was born in 1828. died of cholera in 1849, and was one of the first persons buried in Saint Bernard's Cemetery. The father died August 10, 1893, at the age of eighty six years, and the mother died the same day as President Taylor.

Our subject carne to the United States in 1846, and settled in Cincinnati, where he has since resided, He was married, October 11, 1852. to Johannah, daughter of John and Francis (Norsman) Bitter, both natives of Switzerland, and thirteen

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children have been born to them: Franklin died in infancy. John, born April 15, 1856, is a partner in his father's business; he is married and has had four children: John, Estella, Loretta and Josephine. Amelia is the wife of William Smith, real estate agent of Cincinnati; they have had two children, one of whom is living, Amelia. Edward died in 1890, leaving a widow and one child. Stephen married and had five children. Clara is married to William Schave, a member and treasurer of the Krappendorf Company; they have two children, William and Clara. May, Jennie, Frank and Louis reside in Cincinnati. Louisa (Sister Mary Stephina) is at the Convent of St. Martins Academy, in Newport, Ky. Two others died in infancy.

Mr. Yungbluth may well be termed a self-made man. In his early boyhood he had no advantages for obtaining an education, and the position he now holds in society is entirely due to his own exertions. His sterling qualities, integrity and uprightness in all business matters, together with his affable manner and jovial disposition, made him a general favorite with all who have had the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. and Mrs. Yungbluth have been connected with St. Stephen's Catholic Church from its earliest existence, in which he at present holds the important position of treasurer.

HENRY MORTEN and Mary, his wife, came to America from Amersham, which is twenty-six miles from London,. England, together with their sons, Henry, John, Joseph, and Richard. They had another son, Thomas, who was the eldest of the family. Coming west. from Baltimore in wagons through an almost unbroken wilderness, they located in Cincinnati in the spring of 1809, but preferring farm life settled in Mt. Lookout in the fall of the same year. The son, Henry, married Catherine Armstrong, second daughter of John and Tabitha Armstrong, and settled in Mt. Lookout; they had eleven children: Henry (who was for many years a resident of Covington; he was in the tobacco business before his death, which occurred in 1890; he removed to Mt. Lookout); James, William, Edward, Aaron, Richard, Tabitha and Catherine, all living at the present time. John was married in Baltimore to a distant relative, Nancy Morten, and came to Mt. Lookout to reside; eight children were born to them, of whom four are now living: Mary, Mrs. Sam Leeds, of Mt. Lookout; Mrs. Cryer; Andy, and John. John died in 1879 at the age of ninety-one, his wife surviving him but two months.

Joseph Morten married Ann Armstrong, eldest daughter of John and Tabitha Armstrong, and settled in Madisonville. They had eleven children: Joseph Aaron Goforth; Maria A. Ball; John; William; Mary; James; Smith C. ; Charlotte; Tabitha; Thomas Pool, and Eri Jewett. Mrs. Morton's father, John Armstrong, was born in New Jersey April 20, 1755. His parents, Thomas and Jane Armstrong, were natives of County Tyrone and Derry, Ireland, respectively, and emigrated to America about 1753, dying in Northumberland, Penn. Their son John married, January 17, 1793, Tabitha Goforth, who was born February 27, 1774, daughter of William Goforth. John Armstrong enlisted in the American army when eighteen years of age, served through the Revolutionary war, and afterward in the standing army, and as an explorer about ten years, being stationed a part of the time at the Falls of the Ohio, where Jeffersonville, Ind., now stands, his service ending about 1793. The children of John and Tabitha Armstrong were: Ann; Catherine; William Goforth; Mary Gano; John Gano; Thomas Pool; Eliza; Viola Jane; Thomas Pool, and John Hilditch.

Richard Allen Morten had, like all his brothers, a love for farming, but being a cripple was compelled to follow other pursuits; he had a ready pen, and during the latter half of his life held many offices of trust; in 1875 he removed from Carthage, where he was mayor for several years, to Oxford; he married Sallie Marsh, of Sharpsburg, now Norwood, and lived there for a time; he died at the age of eighty-six, leaving two sons and a daughter.

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ERI JEWETT MORTEN, coal dealer, office No. 689 Eastern avenue, residence Hudson avenue, Norwood, was born at Madisonville, Ohio, September 16, 1834, and is a son of Joseph and Ann (Armstrong) Morten. Our subject was reared a farmer boy, and in early life received only such limited education as could be obtained at the country schools in the winter time. At the age of about eighteen he went to Columbus, and after attending school there for a time entered a drug store as clerk, occupying this position for several years. He afterward engaged in various occupations and up to 1880 was engaged in numerous enterprises, when he embarked in his present business. He was married, in 1857, to Mary W. daughter of Lyman and Maria Woodbury. and to their union have been born five children as follows: June M., May W., Charles D.,Erietta and Wyona A. Politically Mr. Morton is a Republican, and in religious connection he and his family are members of the Presbyterian Church.

Joseph Morten, the father of our subject, was born near London, England. About 1794 he and his wife came across the mountains from Baltimore by stage coach locating at Madisonville where they engaged in farming, and passed the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 1866, the mother in 1874. Eleven children were born to them, eight of whore lived to maturity, viz. : Joseph A. G., who died in California at the age of seventy-six; Maria, wife of Danforth E. Ball, who was a teacher in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum at Columbus. Ohio, both now deceased: John Armstrong, living in Marion county, Ohio; Mary, wife of Samuel Silver, of Hamilton, Butler county, both deceased; William, who died at the age of sixty-five, in Texas; Tabitha, Mrs. James Conover, of Madisonville, who died about a year after her marriage; Thomas P., residing in Bellevue, Mich., and our subject., Eri Jewett.

JAMES A. McDOUGAL, residence No. 108 Harriet street, Cincinnati, was born in Henry county, Ind., April 21, 1851, and is the son of Nathan and Cassie (Shinn) McDougal. He was bound out to a farmer when ten years old, and was only able to obtain the very limited advantages of such education as could be had in the country schoolhouse during the winter season, when it was too stormy to work on the farm. Remaining with this farmer for eight years, he was offered his choice between a horse, bridle and saddle, and to remain until he was twenty-one years old, or his freedom at once. Choosing the latter he went to work in a sawmill, and two years later, or at, the age of twenty, had entire charge of the mill. Later on he went to work for the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company, at Indianapolis, veneer cutting. In 1879 he came to Cincinnati and engaged with the E. D. Albro Company, remaining with them until April, 1893, when he was transferred to and appointed foreman of the Tennessee Lumber Company, the position he now occupies. Ho was married, in 1875, to Christina, a daughter of Henry and Mary (Winouer) Fisher, and their union was blessed with two children: Eva, who died October 19, 1893, and Emma )lay, who still survives. Our subject lost, his first wife by death in December, 1883, and in May, 1886, was married, for his second wife, to Lida M., a daughter of Joseph H. and Josephine (Hollenbeck) Palmer; no children have been born to them.

Mr. McDougal is a grandson of the late Hugh McDougal, an old and highly esteemed resident of Cincinnati, who passed away at a ripe old age, in 1868. The father of our subject was born in Cincinnati, and after leaving school worked at the blacksmith business. In 1845 he moved to Indianapolis, where he continued to carry on the blacksmith business until his retirement from active life a few years ago. If is mother was born in Virginia, arid carne to Henry County, Ind., when only twelve years of age. Both parents still survive and have their horse in Indianapolis. They had born to them six children, two of whom died in infancy; the survivors are: Anna, wife of George Dickler, of Indianapolis, James A.; George H., and Ida, wife of William Wilson, residing in Guernsey, White county, Ind. In his political affiliations Mr. McDougal is a Republican.

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FREDERICK PARKER, retired coal and lumber merchant, Cumminsville, was born in Derbyshire. England, in January, 1818, son of John and Susan Parker. In 1839 he came to America, locating near Cincinnati, and subsequently in 1842, engaged in Farming, which he still follows. He established a large coal and lumber yard in Cumminsville, which he managed successfully for many years. Of late years Mr. Parker has lived a retired life. He was married, in 1846, to Margaret Langlands, and to this union seven children have been born; those living are: David, of California, and Alexander, of Cumminsville. The deceased are John, Richard, William, Sarah and Mary. Mr. and Mrs. Parker are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically he is a Republican; he was a member of the school board of Cumminsville for several years, and for a time treasurer of the board.

JOHN HENRY HERMESCH is a native of Borringhausen, Germany, born December 19, 1838, the youngest of three children born to Henry and Mary Hermesch. His parents were natives of Germany, and his father was a farmer by occupation. Our subject received a common-school education in his native land, and when about twenty years old came to the United States, settling in Cincinnati, where he began working for Cobb, Williams & Company, afterward Cobb, Christie & Company, hay and grain merchants, with whom he learned the business. He remained with them until 1867, when he established the firm of J. H. Hermesch & Company, at Nos. 17 and 19 Water street, where the business was conducted until lack of space compelled him to seek larger quarters. He then removed to Nos. 8 and 10 Water street, where, under his able direction, the business continued to expand. Finally he removed to a commodious five-story brick warehouse, on the corner of Walnut and Water streets. Seeing that the growth of the business would eventually render this inadequate, he constructed, in 1889, the largest track warehouse in the West. It is situated on the Kentucky Central and Louisville & Nashville railways, is fireproof throughout, and has a capacity of one hundred and fifty cars. Last year it was found that still greater storage facilities were required. and another warehouse was erected at Erlanger, Ky., on the Cincinnati Southern, where all delays and expense of transfer are avoided. The building is 200 by 35 feet, fire-proof, and modern in construction. The firm handles annually very large quantities of hay, as well as thousands of bushels of grain. As a business man Mr. Hermesch ranks with the foremost in the Queen City. His standing in the business world is due to his own efforts and tireless endeavors. The firm does a heavy business all over the country, and ships largely throughout the South.

CAPTAIN F. R. PHILLIPS, manager of the Walnut Hills District Telegraph. Company. was born in Cincinnati, October 24, 1862, a son of Robert A. and Lizzie J. Phillips, the former born in England in 1848, and the latter born in New York City, October 14, 1848. The father, a machinist by occupation, is residing in Harrison county, Kentucky.

Our subject is the eldest of two boys and three girls. He attended the common schools of Cincinnati until fourteen years of age, when he began to learn the machinist trade, and after completing same worked at engineering for some time. Later he hid charge of the engines of the Globe Rolling Mills on Water street, Cincinnati, where the present gasworks are now located, and still later had charge of the electric engines at the Edison Light Company, Fourth and Vine streets; while this employed he invented an automatic counting machine to be used on any kind of machinery-on printing presses to count the number of copies that are run off; on grail elevators to register the amount, that runs through the elevators, etc. He also invented an automatic clock used by railroad and telegraph companies. The Captain is the present time manager of the Walnut Hills District Telegraph Company. He intends to introduce an automatic burglar alarm. which rings a bell the instant a burglar attempts to effect an entrance into any residence connected with his office. As ;in officer of the law he has a record to be proud of. He knows that there is such

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a word as " fear'' in Webster's Unabridged, but that is the extent of his acquaintance with it. When the vicinity of Newport was, infested with convicts who had escaped from the stockades in Tennessee, during the miners' strike, he arrested sixteen of then, nine of whore were desperate murderers.

Capt. Phillips was united in marriage, September 26, 1888, to Lizzie G., daughter of William P. and Julia E. O'Meara, born in Cincinnati, February 28, 1862. Politically he is a Republican.

CAPTAIN SAMUEL BETTS HALLEY was born in Cincinnati, October 29, 1814. His father, David S. Halley, was born in Salisbury, Conn., of English stock, was a merchant, and came to Cincinnati in 1800. His mother was Mary Betts, also of English stock, born at Newark, New ,Jersey.

Samuel received his education in private schools. attending first the school taught by the brothers John aid David Talbott, and subsequently was a pupil of the classical academy taught by John Findley, of the old Cincinnati College. Front 1830 to 1833 he was at Lane Seminary, which then had an academic department, and was conducted on the manual labor plan He was graduated at the Miami University in the class of 1839, and received front this institution the literary degrees A. B. and A. M.

Captain Halley was in the steamboat business for fifteen years, and was a popular commander of important boats. Tiring of the river, he bought a farm in Clark county, Ind.. where for twelve Years he was a successful farmer. He then resumed commercial business, serving fur a number of years as assistant auditor of the Louisville, Jeffersonville and Madisonville Indianapolis railroad. On November 2, 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Harriet Hathaway. of Rising Sun. Ind., and to their union were born four daughters and one son. In 1828 Capt. Halley united with the Presbyterian Church, and has maintained a good standing all his lift-, serving in later years as a ruling elder. He was a member of the court which tried Henry P. Smith. D. D., for heresy. He is connected with the Masonic Order, and also with the Odd Fellows, and in the latter Fraternity has occupied the highest office, past grand patriarch, and has been past grand representative of the Sovereign Grand Lodge of Indiana. He has a wide circle of acquaintances, and keenly enjoys social life.

CHARLES RANDOLPH BROWN was born in Dayton, Ohio, December 28, 1832. Three generations of his ancestors were among the earliest settlers of Hamilton county. His mother, Sarah (Groom) Brown, came to Columbia in 1794, from Chatham. N. J., when four years of age. with her parents. John and Susannah Brant Groom, About the same time, perhaps somewhat earlier, came John Brant and wife. parents of Susannah Grown, and great grandparents of Charles R. Brown. His mother was married the second time in 1824 in Lebanon, Ohio, to the father of our subject, Thomas Brown. Thomas Brown is still living at Dayton, Ohio, at the age of ninety-four years, and is still in business, serving as the president of the S. N. Brown Wheel Company of that place. He suggested anti laid the first boulder pavement ever laid west of the ALleghany Mountains, at Dayton, in 1830. The authorities of Cincinnati, hearing of this unusual piece of work, sent a commissioner to examine it, which resulted in bringing Mr. Brown to Cincinnati to introduce bouldered streets. His mother lived to the age of ninety-four.

Charles was educated at Dayton, enjoying the advantages of the academy taught by the well known Milo G. Williams. At the age of sixteen he left the farm adjacent to the city of Dayton, to join an engineering corps under R. M. Shoemaker, then superintending the building of the Cincinnati. Hamilton & Dayton railroad. He was associated with Mr. B. W. Woodward, the prominent railroad manager, who was then doing his first railroad work in Ohio, anti %vent with him to engage in building the Cincinnati, Wilmington & Zanesville railroad. During the war of the Rebellion Charles was a private in the One Hundred and Thirty-first O. V. I.,

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and at the close of the struggle he went South, and took part in the work of developing the business interests of that section. He was the first person to introduce the King Cottonseed Drill and Williams' Cotton Chopper, in raising the cotton crop, and was successful in producing this staple at a lower cost than ever before. Later, as a civil engineer, contractor and dealer in builders' materials. he has been an active and honored member of the Builders Exchange of Cincinnati. Mr. Brown's latest business venture is of a philanthropic character. He is interested in the Tyson Cure for Alcoholism in his city, and has established a resort in Chicago, where he has experienced a marvellous success in the restoration of inebriates. His business career has been a varied one, successful in all respects excepting the accumulation of wealth. In this respect he contrasts himself with his brother, Samuel, who remains at Dayton, Ohio, where he founded a business in 1845, which now enjoys the uniqne distinction of a management participated in by the representatives of four generations, and is now, as it has been for many years, a wealth-producing concern. At Decatur, Ala., April 14, 1868, Charles R. Brown was united in marriage with Miss Carrie T. Lemmon, who was born at Andover, Mass., and two sons, Samuel H. and Roy L., are the fruits of this marriage.

ALFRED FOSTER SCHUYLER was born near Burlington, N. J., April 15, 1818. His mother was Ann Eliza Stewart, of Scotch descent; his father was Aaron Schuyler, of Holland-Dutch blood. His ancestors were among the first settlers of New York, from whom descended Gen. Schuyler, a Revolutionary officer, whose daughter married Alexander Hamilton.

Mr. Schuyler secured his education in the country school near his home. At the age of fourteen he went to Philadelphia, where he secured an appointment for six years at the brick-laying trade. When he had attained his majority he went to Louisiana, and worked at his trade in St. Mary's Parish, setting sugar kettles and teaching the slaves the trade. In 1841 he came to Cincinnati, and at once found work at his trade with Mr. John Ridgeley, brother of the man with whom he served his apprenticeship. The building on which he laid his first bricks, in this city still stands, near the corner of Eighth and Vine streets. In 1846-47 Mr. Schuyler helped build the roundhouse of the Little Miami railroad, which still stands, and was the first structure of the kind built in Ohio. He has been industriously at work all these years and has contributed his full share to the solid structures of the city. Soon after reaching Cincinnati he joined the Rovers, a celebrated independent fire company, in connection with which, for ten years, he was an active participant in the great work clone by the company in the protection of property from fire. On the organization of the paid fire department, at the solicitation of Miles Greenwood, he became captain of the "fours," which operated the second steam fire engine used in the city, and held the place for six years, at the nominal salary of $12 per month, aiding in laying the foundation of our present department. Thus, as builder and fireman, Mr. Schuyler has done an honorable and substantial part in founding and forwarding the enterprises of our great city. He was married, in 1843, to Miss Ann Ward. who was born in Washington City, and to them have been born two sons, William and Algoma; and two daughters, Ida and Fanny. Mr. Schuyler is an active and honored member of the Builders Exchange. In politics he is a Democrat, and in religion a liberal. Though advanced in years, he is still active in business.

HENRY TOBIAS, son of Harris and Fannie Weiner Tobias, was born in 1821. in Stenscewo, near Posen, a Polish settlement in Prussia, but was reared in Berlin by his mother's sister, where he was educated until his thirteenth year. Descended on both sides from good old German and Polish stock, he was brought lip in what was denominated the Orthodox Mosaic faith. Early in life imbibing a strong love of liberty, he engendered in consequence a dislike to many of the existing customs of his country, among which was the one compelling military duty by the youth; and

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to avoid this, among others, he left his native land in the year 1847, and went to England, whore he remained two years. During this time he met the lady who afterward became his wife, Miss Maria Myers, who was a daughter of Morris Myers, born in London, and a government contractor on " Her Majesty's Board of Ordnance," and Sarah Proctor Fuller, his wife, who was born in Staines, England.

At the end of two years Mr. Tobias left England and came to America to seek his fortune, landing in New York in 1849. He had learned the cap-creaking trade in Prussia, and being peculiarly fitted for his chosen vocation, his untiring industry and devotion to it insured his success. Here, in New York City, he was united in marriage September 2, 1850, with Miss Maria Myers, who in the meantime had come to America. Two children were born to them while here, and in 1854 they removed to Cincinnati, where he began his business, opening a factory on the west side of Main street, between Seventh and Eighth, doing a retail business. he soon, however, engaged in wholesale trade, removing to the east side of Main, below Fifth street, next door to the "Gothic Arcade," where during the civil war he conducted a successful business, accumulating quite a coin fortable fortune. Extreme liberality and large-hearted charity were his main characteristics, and he frequently remarked that he "could not feel himself rich, while suffering and want were rife in the world." His hospitality was proverbial, his home always open. He took a deep interest in the welfare of his employes, many of whom are living and will testify to the kindness and courtesy he extended to all, attracting all toward him. Although not a politician in the accepted sense of the word, he was a Republican and willing to perform a citizen's duty. He was a member of a company of "Hussars " in New York, and also a member of the militia. Soldiering had a different meaning for him ill a free country from that of his own. During the existence of martial law in Cincinnati caused by the threatened invasions of Gen. Kirby Smith and Morgan, we find him assigned to picket duty in the city of Cincinnati. Believing as he said that " every man is the architect of his own fortune," and that every well educated man has two educations, the scholastic one and the one he acquires himself, he pursued his way. Later in life he became very liberal in Judaism, though conservative in its main elements. He was an advocate of truth and justice, not as taught by the bigot, but as revealed to him by an enlightened conscience; and while he loved his faith with a love that was half reverence, his love for the human race was greater than his veneration for tradition. He was twice president of the Polish Congregation then worshiping, at Seventh and Walnut, and later became a member of Dr. Lilienthal's Temple, Eighth and hound streets. Interested in all charitable movements, he was a member of the B'nai B'rith, president of " Jerusalem Lodge," Clevelands Orphan Asylum, Jewish Relief, Humane Society and the Bethel. Having broad views of life and duty, his charities knew no creed. Each year of his life from early youth represented a period of unremittent toil, and in the prime of his manhood he succumbed to en attack of pneumonia, superinduced by overwork, dying after a short illness at his residence, No. 409 West Eighth street, January 13, 1874. He left a reputation unblemished and a fine example for his children and grandchildren. Mr. and Mrs. Tobias were the parents of eight children: Sara, married to Simon Drukkerd; Charles, unmarried; Pauline, married to Michael Drukker; Morris, married to Mary Lesinksy; Josephine, married to Leo Ledner, of Cleveland; Ida, married to William Levi; two others that died in infancy. The sons of Henry Tobias succeeded their father in business, and at present conduct an immense factory on Fourth street, west of Central avenue.

SAMUEL GANO STERLING was born in Pittsburgh, May 14, 1819. His father, Joseph Spencer Sterling, died when his son Samuel was but two years old; his mother, Eliza Gano, came with her widowed mother to Cincinnati in 1811, while a girl, and opened a private school on the east side of Main street, between Fifth and Sixth. In 1817 she returned to Pittsburgh and there married Joseph S. Sterling.

908 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Being left a widow with two sons, Samuel G. and Henry Gano, she returned with them to Cincinnati March 25, 1825, having relatives here already settled. Their first residence was on Gano street, and they afterward, in 1828 removed to Harrison street.

Samuel G., the subject of this sketch, was educated at old Woodward, completing his school days in 1836. He was married in Cincinnati December 11, 1843, to Eliza Smith, daughter of Oliver Comstock and Millie Ann Briggs Smith, natives of western New York, who came to Cincinnati in 1819. Mr Sterling learned the trade of wood turner, and carried on his business at Fifth and Pike streets until the year 1846, when he moved to Mill Creek township, near Spring Grove Cemetery, and there remained until 1800, when he removed to his present residence, near Glenway avenue, Clifton. In 1848 he began teaching school in a building located at the corner of Lafayette and Crescent avenues, erected in 1847 for a general place of worship, and taught there until 1855. Then he taught in Resor Academy until 1807. From 1851 to 1856 he tilled the office of clerk to the recorder of the village of Clifton, and again from 1860 to 1866. Then he was elected to the office of clerk and charge of affairs of the village, which position he still holds. A fine testimonial frona the residents of Clifton, expressing their thanks and gratification at the manner in which the public affairs of the village are and have been handled by Mr. Sterling, hangs framed in the beautiful music room of his comfortable home in Clifton. His family consists of five children: Henry, who is purchasing agent for the Standard Oil Company, of Cincinnati, married; Fannie, secretary to her father; Ida Bell; Robert Riley, mining engineer, Colorado, and Winthrop S., who is professor in the organ department of the College of Music. Mrs. Eliza Smith Sterling, wife of Samuel Gano Sterling, died at her residence November 23, 1893.

FRANKLIN HEY LAWSON was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. His grandfather, Thomas Lawson, came to Cincinnati from England in 1816, bringing with him his family, and making the journey from New York by wagon. He entered into business at once, engaging in the manufacture of plumbing and of copper and tin ware. He put in the first grates used in Cincinnati. and made the first gas burned in Cincinnati, the present immense has-works being the outgrowth of the small, primitive plant. In 1830, Thomas Lawson's sons--Fenton, Robert and Thomas-became members of the firm; the partnership continuing under the firm name of Thomas Lawson & Sons, until the death of its founder, in 1841, when it, became that of Fenton Lawson & Brothers, importers of tin plate ind metals. After the death of Robert, and the retirement of Thomas, Fenton Lawson conducted the business under his own name.

After his death in 1853, his sons-George, Park, and Franklin Hey-succeeded to the business as F. Lawson's Sons. In 1855, the former retired, and the late William G. Coffin became a partner; the firm taking its present form, F. H. Lawson & Company. Fenton, son of F. H. Lawson, was made a partner in 1880, and another son. William C., in 1886. Mr. Coffin died in 1884. The members of the firm of F. H. Lawson & Company consist of the third and fourth generations of the Lawsons, the business having been in existence since 1816, making it at the present time the oldest business house in Cincinnati. Fenton Lawson, the father of Franklin Hey Lawson, was a man of great, business enterprise and prominence. He was a director, and one of tire originators of the C. H. & D. R. R., of the Firemen's and the Cincinnati Insurance Companies, and of the Franklin and Lafayette Banks, besides holding many offices.

ALFRED WHITE was born May 16, 1835, in Bradford, England. His parents were Thomas and Martha English (Stobbart) White. both native to the county of Durham, England, the former having been born in Staindrop, in 1810, the latter in Darlington, in 1813. Thomas White followed the business of railroad bridge and viaduct. building in England, and upon coming to America was engaged with his son, Alfred, in monumental work in Cincinnati, up to the time of his decease.

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Alfred White was educated at the Darlington grammar school, and afterward became indentured to a civil engineer and architect in the same town, with whom he remained until 1852, when his father came with his entire family and belongings to this country, locating in Memphis, Tenn. In that city, the father established a monumental works, and the son Alfred obtained employment as a topographical engineer on the first survey of the Vicksburg & Shreveport railroad. The southern climate proving objectionable, the family remained less than a year in Memphis, removing in 1853 to Cincinnati, where Thomas White founded, upon its present site, the great monumental works which his son and grandsons are to-day conducting with pronounced success. For a few months prior to entering into business with his father, Alfred was associated with Erasmus Gest in the engineering work upon a proposed short line road to the north and northeast, which, as projected, tunneled some distance into Walnut. Hills, when it was abandoned. Our subject's next business was the drawing of the design for the Cumminsville Orphan Asylum, after which he embarked in the business, which he has ever since been identified with, and from the profits of which he has accumulated a handsome fortune. The old firm of "Thomas White & Son" was the first in this country to import, to any great extent, Scotch granite.

Mr. White has been twice married, first time in Campbell county, Ky., in 1856, to Mary, daughter of Henry C. and Mary Cost, and by this marriage he has five children living: Walter Thomas and Arthur English, associated with their father in business; Alfred Richard, who is a sculptor with studio in Paris, France, whither he went after prosecuting studies in his art in Florence and Carrara, Italy, in each of which places he received medals from the Royal Academy and Beaux Artes; Clara, now Mrs. Frank McCord, and Bertha, now Airs. Hiram H. Belding, of Chicago. By his second wife, Florence Claude (Horton), who was born in Cincinnati, Mr. White has two children: David Horton and Elenora. Mr. White is a 32 Mason and Odd Fellow, and a Knight of Honor; in politics he is a Republican. The family are members of the Church of the Advent (Episcopal), Walnut Hills, Mr. White being one of its vestrymen, and he and his wife taking an active interest in its general work. The family reside in a handsome mansion recently erected by Mr. White in Avondale.

G. MOORE PETERS, president of the King Powder Company, and of the Merchants and 'Manufacturers Bank of Columbus, Ohio, was born near Circleville, Ohio, August 31, 1843, a son of G. Moore and Miranda (Eaton) Peters, natives, respectively, of Virginia and New York. He is a grandson of Tunnis Peters who emigrated from Holland. and who was a commissioned officer in the Revolutionary war. He is a grandson of William Eaton, and a descendant of John Eaton who came from England in 1635. He is also a descendant, on the maternal side, of George Banker, who owned a farm on Banker Hill at the time of that memorable battle, and it was from him the "Hill." the " Battle," the " Sword," and the " Monument of Bunker Hill," ever dear to lovers of liberty everywhere, derived their names. The father of our subject cache to Columbus, Ohio, in charge of a government survey when that territory was a dense forest, and ever afterward made the Buckeye State his home, removing from Circleville to Columbus in 1845. He served as associate judge in the early days, and passed sentence upon the first two prisoners consigned to the Ohio penitentiary. He for a time followed flatboating down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and as was then customary made the return trips through the woods on foot or horseback. He also followed at various times tanning, merchandizing, farming, and pork packing. He died in 1868 at the advanced age of eighty-one years. The family consisted of seven children, four of whom are living: Alma, wife of the Rev. J. B. Tuttle, of the Baptist Church at Clay Center, Kans.; A. L. Peters, who represents the King Powder Company at St. Paul, Minn. ; Orin E. Peters, president of the Peters Cartridge Company, and treasurer of the King Powder Company; and

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G. Moore Peters, whose name opens this sketch. The youngest brother, Rev. Theron R. Peters, D. D., superintendent of Baptist Missions of the State of Minnesota, died in January, 1894. Our subject was educated in Denison University, from which he was graduated in 1867, and then took a three-years' course in Rochester Theological Seminary, at Rochester, N. Y. He followed the profession of the ministry for three and one-half years at Penn Yan, N. Y., and seven years at Buffalo, N Y., when failing health and filial duty led him to retire from the ministry, and engage in his present business. Many years ago J. W. King organized the Miami Powder Company which he sold in 1870. In 1878 he organized the King Powder Company, with headquarters at Xenia, Ohio. The plant of the company, consisting of ton mills, is located at Kings Mills, thirty miles from Cincinnati on the Little Miami railroad, and since February, 1886, the chief officers have been located at Third and Main streets, Cincinnati. Mr. Peters was married May 8, 1873, to Mary E., daughter of J. W. King, and the issue of this marriage is two children, Helen and Bessie. The family reside on Walnut Hills, and worship at the Baptist Church of that place of which Mr. Peters is a trustee. He is also president of the Ohio Baptist Convention, In his political views he is a Republican, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln at his second election. He enlisted in the first three years call in the Civil war, but was discharged at the end of eight months on account of disability.

G. MORRIS CRAWFORD, president and treasurer of the Bundle Arms Company, No. 256 Main street, was born at Cincinnati, December 7, 1865, son of George W. and Mary (Morris) Crawford, and grandson of George Crawford, who was postmaster of Cincinnati in 1849, and received from his employes, as tin expression of their good will, a silver pitcher which is now in the possession of the subject of this sketch. George W. Crawford was a publisher, and a lime and brush merchant. Me died May 23, 1891, at the age of fifty-six; his wife died in 1890, aged fifty-three; they were the parents of four children: Cora May, who married Robert Fraser; G. Morris; Eva, who died at the age of eighteen, and Arthur.

After completing the public-school course and one year at, Woodward High School, G. Morris Crawford was employed as clerk in the superintendent's office of the Baltimore & Ohio Express Co. a year and a half. He was then employed by the F. R. Warley Printing Company three years, and after it dissolved he was bookkeeper for the Mendenhall Caster Company for au equal period. On July 6, 1889, he entered the employ of the Bandle Arms Company, and with this business he has since been continuously connected, as assistant bookkeeper for one year, and then as chief bookkeeper. J. C. Bandle was individual proprietor until 1880; 1880-85 the style of the firm was J. C. Bandle & Son, in 1886 the Bundle Arms Company was organized, and in 1891, when it was incorporated, Mr. Crawford became secretary, and a year later secretary and treasurer. In July, 1893, Mr. Crawford purchased the interest of Wood, Harmon & Company, and became president and treasurer. The company deals in guns, fishing tackle, base ball and other sporting goods. On June 4, 1891, Mr. Crawford married Clara Josephine Philips. of Hamilton, Ohio.

HENRY GOODMAN, vice-president and general manager of the Bandle Arms Company, was born at Portsmouth, Ohio, June 28, 1856, son of Michael and Theresa (Amberg) Goodman, natives of Germany, who emigrated in the "forties." He received a public-school education in his native town, and here he made his first business venture as a bottler of mineral waters. He worked as shearman in a rolling mill for one year, and as turner in a furniture factory two years. In 1875 he came to Cincinnati, where for six years he was employed in the manufacture of brackets, as scroll-sawyer. In 1882 he became purchasing clerk for J. C. Bandle, with whom he has since been connected, with the exception of the year 1887--88, when he was a traveling salesman for the Laflin & Rand Powder Company in Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky. When the Bandle Arms Company was incorporated in 1891, he was made general manager, and in 1803 became vice-president and general manager.

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CLEMENS OSKAMP, deceased jeweler, born in Prussia, carne to Cincinnati with his parents when he was fifteen years of age. Before leaving, his native country, his father, Casper Oskamp, gave him a good education. He was possessed of a mechanical genius which induced hire to bind himself as an apprentice to Mr. Harkness, to learn the trade of a machinist. At the age of twenty, having learned his trade thoroughly, he went south, where he was engaged to set up machinery and superintend it, and he remained there several years. Having been able to save some money, his brother, Theodore Oskamp, induced him to return and engage in the watchmaking and jewelry business with him. This enabled him to apply himself to the fine class of machinery to which his tastes led, and ho soon excelled in this line of work. Their business house was on Main street, and through skill and industry they built up a good trade, In 1854 Theodore died and all the business devolved upon our subject. At this time the house had established a favorable reputation, and the business under careful management steadily increased. In 1868, Mr. Oskamp erected the handsome five-story block on the west side of Vine street, between Fourth and Fifth street,, which at that time was considered a very fine improvement, and occupied it in 1869; since that time the business has more than doubled. The stock consisted of a large and varied assortment of watches, clocks, and. jewelry of every description, including the finest diamonds, g eras, opera glasses and fancy goods. By his individual enterprise and strict business integrity he built up a trade which extends through all the adjoining States and as far away as Virginia, Iowa, Kansas, Illinois and Tennessee. The wholesale department is so complete, and goods are sold at such reasonable rates that retailers throughout the States mentioned find that they can buy as cheaply here as in the large cities in the East, consequently they prefer to purchase of this house. Mr. Oskamp was married May 23, 1847 to Miss Mary Fisher, of Cincinnati, and eight children were the fruits of the union, all of whom and his widow survive him.

WILLIAM S. P. OSKAMP, senior member of the firm of Oskamp, Nolting & Co., was born in Cincinnati September 8, 1855, son of Clemens and Maria (Fisher) Oskamp, natives of Germany, whence they came to America in 1846, locating at Cincinnati, where the father died in 1887 at the age of sixty-five, and, the mother still resides. They had the following children: Henry; Amelia, wife of John C. Daller; Anna; Clement, Jr. ; William S. P.; Alfred; Eleanor, wife of Fred Brunning, bridge builder, of Denver, Colo. ; and Nettie.

The subject of this sketch was educated at St. Xavier College, Cincinnati, and learned the trade of jeweler in his father's store, remaining there until 1881, when his present business partnership was formed. The foreign interests of the firm have been entrusted almost exclusively to Mr. Oskamp. For a score of years he has visited Europe annually for the purchase of diamonds, etc., and enjoys intimate personal and business relations with many of the leading jewelry and diamond firms of Paris, Amsterdam and other European cities. The catalogue which this firm furnishes annually to its patrons is the only one of its kind issued from Cincinnati, is one of the largest published in America, and costs them many thousand dollars. On November 25, 1876, Mr. Oskamp married Adele, daughter of Michael Werk, of Westwood, and their family numbers five children: William Herbert, Eugene Gordon La Feuille, William Werk, Adele Regina, and Elsa Pauline.

CHARLES A. NOLTING, junior member of the firm of Oskamp, Nolting & Co., was born at Cincinnati September 14, 1850, son of Charles P. F. and Margaret (Jansen) Nolting, who came from Prussia to Cincinnati in 1848. Of four children born to them two are now living: Charles A. and Matilda, wife of Fred Schunke, wholesale tobacco merchant of Cincinnati.

The subject of this sketch began his career as errand boy for Duhme & Company in 1864, working for $2 per week, and living upon two meals a day for four years. Realizing that his services were becoming valuable, he sought recognition and grad-

912 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

rally rose in position and salary, during his eighteen years' service with them occupying nearly every position. In 1882 he formed a copartnership with Frank Lodwick, also an old employe of Duhme & Company, and they became favorably known under the name of Lodwick & Molting. The ill-health of Mr. Lodwick compelled him to withdraw, and during the next few years Mr. Nolting continued the business under his own name. The firm of Oskam, Nolting & Company was founded in 1887, when William Oskamp, son of the old and well-known jeweler, Clemens Oskam, allied himself with Mr. Nolting. The new alliance, with the increase of capital, gave them an impetus that has made them known throughout the commercial world. On February 19, 1873, Mr. Nolting, married Amelia Twachtman, daughter of Louis Twachtman, of Cincinnati, and seven children have been born to them: Louis, Alice, Lillie, Edwin, Florence Matilda, Myrtle and Wesley. Mr. Nolting is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and the I. O. O. F., and is independent in politics.

SAMUEL WELLS, of the firm of Samuel Wells & Company, Nos. 67-69 Vine street, was born at Oxford, Ohio, September 25, 1836, son of Oliver and Elizabeth (Tudor) Wells, natives of Cornwall, England. His father established the first type-foundry at Cincinnati, the original predecessor of the Cincinnati Type Foundry, but retired from business in 1833, and spent the remainder of his days at Oxford.

Our subject was principally self-educated. At the age of eleven years he entered the old Ben Franklin printing office, at Cincinnati, which he left two years later to find employment in a type-foundry. From 1849 to 1851 he was in the bank of James Gilmore. After spending a year with his brother-in-law at Coolville, Ohio, he clerked in a dry-goods store at Oxford until 1857, and was then clerk for R. A. Holden & Company until the outbreak of the Civil war. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B, Fourth O. V. I., under Col. John Kenet, serving three years. At Lexington, Ky., he was taken prisoner, but was paroled in twenty-four hours and sent to Columbus. Six mouths later he was again at the front; he enlisted as a private, but was mustered out in 1864 with the rank of second lieutenant. In 1864 he was a bookkeeper at Cincinnati. In 1866 he clerked for R. A. Holden & Company, and in 1867 became a member of the firm. This connection continued until 1889, since which date he has assumed entire charge of the business, that of buying and selling feathers' and ginseng; of the latter Mr. Wells is the largest exporter in the United States. On October 15, 1868, he married Adelia Symmes, and they have three living children: Florence, Percy and Mabel. Mr. Wells is a member of the Methodist Church and his wife of the Baptist Church; he is a Prohibitionist in politics.

JOSEPH F. CRONIN, sculptor, manufacturer of granite and marble monuments, granite statues, etc., is president of the Kilkenny Granite Company, which has one of the finest and largest quarries in the United States, located at Lancaster, N. H., with his place of business at Nos. 639 and 641 Gilbert avenue. He was born in Cincinnati January 1, 1859, and is the sixth of eleven children born to William Garde and Mary Elizabeth (Griffin) Cronin, natives of County Cork, Ireland. She was a niece of Gerald Griffin, the poet. The father of our subject came to the United States about 1850, and resided up to the time of his death between Cincinnati and Newport, Ky. ; his wife, Mary Elizabeth, died in 1881, and both are buried in St. Joseph's Cemetery, Price Hill. They were married in Cork, Ireland.

The subject of our sketch received his education in the public and general schools of Cincinnati, Newport and Campbell county, Ky., and also attended the McMicken Academy, where he received a silver medal for the most meritorious work in sculpture. Mr. Cronin has been engaged in business for over five years, and employs a number of men. Although a comparatively young man he is at the head of his profession and one of the best sculptors in the city. Possessing true genius, his love for the picturesque and beautiful exhibits itself in every detail of his work, and his fidelity to detail, brilliancy of stroke, and symmetry of outline stamp him a genuine artist, Mr. Cronin is unmarried.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY, - 913

WILLIAM P. ZELTNER, artist and designer, was born in Cincinnati August 11, 1869, and is one of the three children born to Michael and Margaret (Franck) Zeltner the former a native of Cincinnati, of German parentage, the latter of Cumberland, Md.. and of French descent. He was educated in the public schools of his native city and the Art Academy, after which he began his career as a designer for the Artistic Glass Painting Company, remaining with them for two years, and for three years with the Wells Glass and Decorative Company, of Chicago. Returning to Cincinnati he engaged witte William Coulter & Son, Art Workers, Fifth and Sycamore streets, where he is at the present time. He was married, April 5, 1893, to Miss Laura, daughter of George and Rosa (Hagan) Weber, natives of Bavaria and Cincinnati, respectively.

PAUL HEIN. decorative artist, and designer for interior decoration, with place of business at No. 521 Gilbert avenue, was born in Berlin, Germany, the eldest of three sons born to Julius and Rosalia Hein, the father a native of Koenigsberg, the mother of Bromberg, Prussia; both are now deceased.

Our subject was educated in Berlin, Germany, and graduated from the Kingley Academy of Arts in that city. He came to the United States in 1888, and for six months resided in Chicago, whence he removed to Cincinnati, and was employed with the Decorative Art Company as director of the fresco department, after which he became a partner in the W. Thien Decorating Company in the Carew building, opposite Fountain Square, and in January, 1893, engaged in business for himself. Mr. Hein was married, in Berlin, Germany, March 31, 1887, to Louisa Bertha, daughter of Christian and Carolina (Schyller) Flatau, of Bromberg, and five children have been born to them, as follows: Bertha Elsa, who died at the age of five months; Arthur, who died at the age of three months; Oswald, born September 26, 1888; Bruno, born January 11, 1891, and Gerbhart, who died in infancy. The father of our subject was also engaged in the decorative art business, and followed his profession successfully in Germany. Mr. Hein has contributed largely to the beautifying of the interior of some of our most prominent churches, hotels, and private residences, and is second to none in his profession.

MARTIN FISHER, architect and superintendent, office No. 986 Central avenue, residence No. 676 Western avenue, Fairmount, was born in Cincinnati April 17, 1851, and is a son of Martin and Maria Ellen Fisher. He was educated in the common^, schools of his native city, and took private lessons in architectural and mechanical drawing during the time that he served his time with his father working at the carpenter's trade. He also took a course of study at Bacon's College, corner Sixth and Walnut, and engaged in railroading until 1872, when he returned to Cincinnati and for several years followed carpentering and engineering, finally embarking in his present business. He was married October 13, 1873, to Miss Carrie, a daughter of John Meier and Margaret Vogler, natives of Bavaria, Germany, and this union has been blessed with nine children, all of whom survive. Mr. Fisher is a member of the Masonic Order, and is a liberal Republican in his political views.

The father of our subject was born August 10, 1818, in Freiburg, Baden, emigrated to Cincinnati in 1846, and was formerly a well-known carpenter and builder; he died at Cincinnati April 6, 1889. The mother, Maria Ellen, was born in Trier, Prussia, September 8, 1822. She now resides at No. 159 Browne street, Cincinnati. They had born to them six children, all of whom are living and residing in: Cincinnati and vicinity.

SAMUEL HANNAFORD is of English birth, and came to Cincinnati at the age of nine, years. He learned architecture with J. H. Hamilton. For the first year or two after acquiring his profession he was associated with others, but for twenty years or more was alone in the business, until he associated his sons, Harvey E. and Charles. E., with him, establishing the present firm of Hannaford & Sons. There are few if any men who have left a stronger or better impress on the architecture of Cincin--

914 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

nati and surrounding cities than Mr. Hannaford. Among the leading specimens of his skill, and later of Samuel Hannaford & Sons, may he mentioned the Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Passenger Depot, the Cincinnati Work House, the Cincinnati Music Hall, the "Grand Hotel," the I.O.O.F. Temple, the City Hall, the new Western Methodist Book Concern building, the Phoenix Club, the St. Paul, the Mitchell, the H. & G. Feder, the Times-Star, the J. B. Specker, the Frank J. Jones, and the Block -Seasongood-Hoope-Jones buildings. Mr. Hannaford was the resident architect of the splendid Government building, and superintended the work on it during the eleven years of its erection. Among many other fine buildings he planned and erected the residence of Alex. McDonald, Esq., at Clifton; that of the Hon. John E. Bell, and also that of Capt. George M. Stone, as well as a large number of other blocks and residences in Cincinnati equally fine and imposing. The professional skill of the firm is in demand from Cleveland on the north to Nashville and Chattanooga on the south, and from central West Virginia to Illinois. The splendid courthouse at Terre Haute, costing a million and a half; the Union Depot, and the Rose Orphan Home at Terre Haute, all owe their architectural work to this Cincinnati firm. They are also architects for the now City Hall. Both the junior members of the firm received their education at the Chickering academy. Harvey E. completed a course at the Boston Institute of Technology after leaving Chickering, while Charles K. went from here into his father's office.

H. J. HAMBERG, merchant tailor, No. 461 McMillan street, Walnut Hills, was born in Cincinnati January 19, 1862, and is the only survivor of four sons porn to Henry and Anna (Krumberg) Hamberg, natives of Germany. The parents came to Cincinnati via New Orleans, May 12, 1849; both are yet living. The father, who is one of the oldest and most experienced and practical tailors in the city, assists his son in the careful attention paid to the wants of his patrons.

Our subject was educated in the German schools, St. Xavier College, St. Mary's Institute, of Dayton, Ohio, graduating from the latter in 1878 with honors. After leaving college Mr. Hamberg spent two years in Europe, visiting London, Vienna, Paris, Berlin and other large cities. Upon his return to Cincinnati he worked at the dry-goods and tailoring business up to the time of his engaging in business for himself. Mr. Hamberg is a young man of live and progressive business qualifications, and by his pleasant manners and keen intelligence has won the universal respect of all who have had dealings with him. He is a member of St. Francis de Sales Roman Catholic Church, at Walnut Hills, and also a member of the Young Men's Sociality; in his political views he is a Democrat.

JAMES C. ULCH, Son of John Ulch, was born at Amherstburg, Ontario, in 1857, and is the eighth child in a family of fourteen-seven girls and seven boys. At the age of twelve years he came with his parents to the United States, locating in Newaygo county, Mich,, where his father was engaged in the pineries. It was here he first saw the inside of a schoolhouse, a very rude affair made of pine logs, and first made the acquaintance with the schoolmaster's beech gad. After two years spent in this primitive college, and grubbing up pine and hemlock undergrowth, he concluded to start out for himself. Having always been industrious and by nature very ambitious, he found but little trouble in securing employment, and we next find him working as "cabin boy " on the steamer " Alpena," one of the Goodrich Line, plying between Grand Haven. Mich.. and Chicago, Ill., and step by step he worked his way up until he became second mate on a large lumber vessel. The material for many a fine building in Chicago at. one time laid on the decks of " The Meteor," and it was while engaged in this occupation that he acquired the experience which gained him his present rank in manufacturing industries. On December 27, 1884, he came to Cincinnati, and after "resting on his oars" awhile, to use his own words, he organized and established "The Cincinnati Awning & Tent Company," at No. 277 Sycamore street, with James C. Ulch, president; and although the youngest business

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 915

of the kind, it takes the lead of all competitors in the manufacture of any of its specialties. Aside from being president, Mr. Ulch is the inventor and sole manufacturer of two " winding devices" for awnings, which can be found in almost every large city throughout the country, and this brings him a large annual income. Politically Mr. Ulch is a stanch Republican, and a member of the Young Men's Blaine Club, and is quite a power in his ward.

OLIVER L. STALL, proprietor of the Courthouse Livery and Boarding Stables, No. 17 East Court street, was born at Mount Washington, Hamilton Co., Ohio, March 22, 1851, and is the third eldest of six surviving children born to John A. and Christina (Bear) Stall, natives of Franklin county, Pennsylvania.

Our subject was educated in the public schools of his native town, and after leaving school acted as agent for the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Company, afterward working at fanning in both Clermont and Hamilton counties. In 1887 he engaged in the livery business on his own account.. Mr. Stall was married, September 19, 1875, to Julia, daughter of Thomas and Catherine Tobin, both of whom were born in Ireland, and their union has been blessed with ten children, seven of whom still survive, as follows: Oliver L., Bertha C., Alice E., Stella May, Valentine, Laura and Helen.

The father of our subject, who was a carpenter by trade, enlisted during the Rebellion in the Fifty-seventh O. V. I., and was killed at the battle of Shiloh in 1862. The mother still survives and resides in Tobasco, Clermont Co., Ohio. The other surviving members of the family are Mary Ann, John Franklin, Thomas I., Alice Emily and Charles Henry. Our subject and family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and Mr. Stall is a Democrat in his political views. His stables are among the best-equipped in Cincinnati. From small beginnings the business has grown to one of considerable consequence, and everything necessary to the equipment of a first-class livery service has been secured. Excellent accommodations are also afforded for boarding, the stables being as well ventilated and ordered as any in the city. Mr. Stall himself is popular with everybody, owing to his gentlemanly ways and obliging manners.

HENRY C. BUCHHOLZ, livery and boarding stables, office No. 502 McMillan street, residence No. 493 Kemper lane, Walnut Hills. This gentleman. the proprietor of the above far-famed establishment, was born in Cincinnati, July 17,1871, and is a son of George and Charlotte (Dohrman) Buchholz, natives of Germany. He was educated in the public schools of the city of his birth, and has been connected with the livery business all his life. His parents came to the United States about 1860, and for some years his father was engaged in stock raising in Boone county, Ky., later removing to Cincinnati, where he engaged in the livery business at the corner of Seventh street and Central avenue; he removed to Walnut Hills about 1874. He died in 1886, and since that time the business has been conducted by his sons. The mother still resides at the above address on Walnut Hills. The family consists of three surviving children, viz., our subject, George and Leonie. There are livery stables in Cincinnati, but none more deserving of popularity and large patronage than the one of which our subject is proprietor. A specialty is made of good rigs and careful drivers, Well appointed equipages for private hire; carriages for balls and private parties; buggies for pleasure driving, and well-trained saddle horses, are for hire at reasonable prices, and the equipments of the establishment include all the modern adjuncts for convenience and utility. Mr. Buchholz has won the confidence of all who have had business dealings with him, his patrons including many business men and farmers, and altogether he controls a flourishing trade.

DANIEL SHIELDS EVERSON, mechanical engineer, Hunt street pumping station, Cincinnati water works, residence No. 79 Mill street, was born in Cincinnati, and is a son of Dr. John Wesley and Annie (Bond) Everson. He received his education in the public schools of his native city, and after leaving school worked with the I. & E.

916 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Greenwald Company at the machinist business; for three years he has been "engineer in charge of the Hunt street pumping station. Politically he is a Republican, and in religious faith a member of the Protestant Church. ale is also a member of the Benevolent Order of Elks and Knights of Pythias; he is unmarried.

The father of our subject was born in Philadelphia, Penn., and his mother in Carlisle, England: the former died in 1888, the latter in 1891. They had born to them thirteen children, only six of whom now survive, viz.: Daniel S.; William B., a commercial traveler residing at Walnut Hills; James A., a painter; George R., a machinist; Calanthe, wife of Benjamin Sharpless, residing at Dayton, Ky. ; and Annie, wife of James Thurston, residing in Washington, D. C.

ROBERT E. WILLIAMS, house and sign painter, office No. 732 Gilbert avenue, Walnut Hills, residence Fairview avenue, was born February 22, 1862, in Pensarn, Abergele, Wales, son of Edward and Frances (Foulkes) Williams, both also natives of Abergele, North Wales, and of Welsh descent. Edward Williams is a contracting painter, and resides in Pensarn, Abergele, Wales. He is the father of fourteen children, ten of whom are living.

Robert E. Williams was educated at Fowyn, North Abergele, National School. At the age of thirteen he ran away to be a sailor, but after being absent some months was captured and brought home, and learned the painter's trade, which he has since followed. In 1879 he left his home in Wales for Runcorn, England, to become better informed in his trade. He left Runcorn in 1880 for Liverpool, England, and there remained until July, 1881, when he returned to Wales to take charge of painting Bryngwenallt Hall, the residence of the late John Roberts, Esq., M. P. for Flintshire. In April, 1884, he left Roberts' employ and came to Chicago, Ill., six months later coming to Cincinnati, where he entered the employ of L. H. Bolce & Company, as a painter. After working for them two years he was made foreman, and held that position until April, 1893, when he withdrew to form his present partnership with Mr. Leaman, at No. 732 Gilbert avenue, the firm being known as Williams & Leaman. He was a member of the Flintshire, England, Infantry Volunteers, and in May, 1884, joined the Chicago Volunteer Artillery, Battery D. Mr. Williams was married, February 3, 1886, to Elizabeth Davies, daughter of John and Charlotte (Roberts) Davies, natives of Flintshire, Wales, and of Welsh descent, and they are the parents of two children: Charlotte Frances, who attends the Mornington school; and Helen Lois, at home. Mr. and Mrs. Williams are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Mr. Williams is a member of the Ancient Order of Foresters.

WILLIAM W. WINDER, house and sign painter, office No. 73 West Pearl street, residence Carthage, was born in Hagerstown, Md., October 27, 1836. He is a son of Daniel and Catharine Maria (Knode) Winder, of English and German origin, both of whom were born and reared near Hagerstown, Md., and came to Ohio in 1847.

Our subject was educated in the public schools of Cincinnati, and since leaving school has been engaged in the painting business. He brings an active experience to bear in his business, and as a thorough exponent of the same has no superior. He is a live and progressive man, an old resident of this vicinity, highly esteemed for his ability, keen intelligence, and unswerving integrity. Mr. Winder was married, June 18, 1857, to Valeria, daughter of John A. and Ann (Taylor) Harrisson,. whose parents were of English ancestry, and their union has been blessed with seven children, three boys and four girls, as follows: May V., who married Walter E. Bonnell; Kate Day, married to Edwin R. Bonnell; William H., who married Miss Annie Hess; Harry H., who married Miss Emma Grove; Clifford C., who married Miss Rachael Spritz; Grace Amelia, who married Burt. D. Lockwood, and Neva Estella, who married Fred. G Hollmann, of St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Winder is a Republican politically, served as adjutant of the Fifteenth Ward Regiment during the

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 917

Kirby Smith raid, and was with the defenders in Kentucky; he also served as a member of the council and school board of Carthage, from 1869 to 1878; he is a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic Orders, and in religious connection the greater part of his family belong to the Christian Church.

The father of our subject was by profession a doctor and editor, and filled the pulpit of the Christian Church for many years; he passed away November 15, 1886; the mother now resides at Oxford, Ohio. Their family consisted of ten children, seven of whom survive, viz.: Daniel K., a printer, residing in Detroit, Mich.; Catherine M. Jones, of Dayton, Ohio; Margaret E. Wykhoff, of Woodland, Cal. ; William W. : Amelia Rebecca Ferris, of Oxford, Ohio; John E., a scale manufacturer, of Kansas City, Mo., and Alfaratta Sheehan, of Hamilton, Ohio.

ROBERT LITTLE. expressman, corner Plum and Pearl streets, was born in Edinburgh. Scotland, July 16, 1830. He is the youngest of live children born to Joseph and Margaret (Hannah) Little, natives of Scotland. His father was a gardener near Edinburgh, Scotland, where he died in 1833; his mother died in 1890. Our subject received his education in the public schools of his native country, and worked on a farm until 1853, when he concluded to try his chances in the New World, and coming to the United States, settled in Cincinnati. His first occupation here was driving dray for William Fallis, and later he worked in the same capacity for James Neblett. In 1858 he embarked in the draying business for himself, and he now has eight wagons, three-horse wagons, twelve drays and two four-horse wagons. Mr. Little was married in Scotland, May 28, 1853, to Miss Mary Sproat, daughter of a prominent Galloway farmer. Two boys and two girls have blessed this union: Mrs. Christopher Lusby, whose husband is in the employ of our subject.; John; Robert, assisting his father; and Mary, at home. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. Politically Mr. Little is a Republican. His opportunities for gaining an education have been limited, but he has accumulated a fund of general information which, added to his energy and enterprise, has been a safe guarantee to the success he has achieved.

ROBERT LITTLE, JR., was born in Cincinnati July 13,1860, son of Robert and Mary (Sproat) Little, both of whom were born in Scotland, the former July 16, 1830, in Edinburgh,, the latter in Galloway. Our subject received his education in the public schools of Cincinnati, and also attended high school for about two years, when he left to assist, his father in business. He is in the office, and is thoroughly identified with the business, it being the only work he has ever followed. He was married in Cincinnati, October 18, 1886, to Anna Lawless, which union has been blessed with two children: Thomas and Bert. In politics Mr. Little is a Republican, but does not devote his time to party affairs. He has recently joined the Masonic Fraternity. He has been president of the Fifth Ward Building Association since he was twenty years old, and enjoys the distinction of having been the youngest president of any association in Cincinnati. He is also extensively engaged in stock raising, and controls a farm of 180 acres near New Richmond, Ohio, where he has bred some of the finest trotting stock in the State. He is a man of more than ordinary energy.

JAMES WATTERS. founder of Watters' Business College, was born September 17, 1831, at Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio. His early life was spent, at the request of his parents, at the cigar maker's trade, in which undertaking he met with great success, and became very proficient, being, in fact, one of the artists of the time. However, his mind did not run in this channel, and after working hours he devoted himself to his studies. Laying away the hard-earned sums, he soon had enough to become a student at Woodward High School, studying during the morning and evening, and working in the afternoon, and continued thus for four years. until 1850, when he graduated from the above-named institution with honors. He was then appointed teacher in the old Eleventh District school, which position he held for

918 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

one year, and then became enrolled at the old Bartlett College, corner Third and Walnut streets. After a short time his teachers noticed the proficiency he displayed in his studies, and after a six-months' course he was offered a position as teacher by the then proprietor, R. M. Bartlett, in which capacity he continued for several years. In 1855, having amassed quite a sum of money from outside speculations, he purchased the controlling interest in the old Bartlett Commercial College, which continued under his care, as proprietor and principal, from 1858 until 1870. At that time Mr. Watters was appointed an Internal Revenue officer, and continued in the service of the Government until 1870, when he was appointed deputy auditor of Hamilton county, a position he held to the entire satisfaction of all administrations until 1882. He then retired from politics and opened what is now known as the J. M. Watters' Business College, at the southeast corner of Seventh and Race streets. The apartments of the building became too small for the school, and in 1884 he removed to the present location, northeast corner of Ninth and Walnut streets, and under his careful proprietorship the school prospered until the day of his death, January 6, 1891. At that time, his son, J. Harry Watters, assumed control of the college. He was born in the city of Cincinnati, February 2, 1859, and graduated from Hughes High School, also from J. M. Watters' Business College. After his graduation he entered the Third National Bank as assistant bookkeeper, and was promoted from time to time until 1882, when he was offered the position of teller and general bookkeeper, by the Queen City National Bank, a position he filled to the entire satisfaction of all until the opening of the Fidelity National Bank, when he assumed charge of all clerks in the bank, filling the different positions in the absence of the clerks, and having complete charge of the general books. He served with ability and honor in this capacity until the failure of the bank, June 20, 1887, when he was appointed by David Armstrong, the present receiver of the Fidelity National Bank, as chief examiner. Mr. Watters spent three years and six months in examining the books of the late Fidelity National Bank, and was employed by the Government as chief witness in the criminal and civil suit against the directors. He displayed great ability in these examinations, and in 1891 was an applicant for the position of bank examiner, but owing to the death of his father he immediately assumed charge of the J. M. Watters' Business College, in the management of which he has continued to the present time.

ALBERT GALLATIN CORRE, president of the A. G. Corre Hotel Co., is a native of Hamilton county, Ohio, having been born February 25, 1841, on his father's farm on College Hill. His father, Joseph Vincent Corre, came to Cincinnati in 1830 from New York City, where he was born, in 1808, of French parentage. His mother, Susan Eliza Arnold, was of English parentage, and was born December 29, 1813, in Columbia, Hamilton county, now a part of the First Ward of Cincinnati. Mr. J. V. Corre's business interests were, successively, those of farming, hotel keeping and milling. He died in 1852. His widow now resides in Chicago, Illinois.

The subject of this sketch, Albert Gallatin Corre, received his education at the district and high school of Mt. Healthy, and at Cary's Academy, College Hill. He subsequently, in 1857, graduated from the Bacon Commercial College of Cincinnati, and a short time thereafter obtained a situation as clerk at the "Broadway Hotel," where he remained for a number of years. In 1868 he became a partner in the firm of Sinks, Corre & Co., proprietors of the "Gibson House," severing his connection with that firm in 1872, to become associated with the "Burnet House" management. Upon the opening of the "Grand Hotel," by J. D. Gilmour & Son, in 1874, Mr. Corre became identified with the management of that house, and there remained until 1877. In the latter year he became one of the " Burnet House" Company, with a third interest therein, from which company he withdrew in 1880. After a brief period of rest Mr. Corre, in 1882, formed the "Gibson House" Company, of which he was president and general manager, his business connection therewith

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ceasing eight years afterward. On January 23, 1892, Mr. Corre bought the "Grand Hotel," obtaining a twenty-years leasehold. A month later the A. G. Corre Hotel Company, with a capital stock of $200,000, had been formed, with A. G. Corre as president, D. C. Shears, vice-president and manager, and Carl H. Harvey, secretary and treasurer. As a native Cincinnatian, it has been Mr. Corre's pride and pleasure, ably assisted by his associates, to add to the " Grand Hotel " every feature necessary to give it character as one of the first hotels in the State and the nation. To this end the company have expended within a year the sum of $100,000. The Grand" is the pride of our citizens, and is one of the great business successes of the decade.

Mr. Corre, was wedded. September 28, 1871, to Alice Glenn, a daughter of Lewis and Lucy Maria Glenn, both of whom were born in Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Corre have five children: Mrs. Carl Hamilton Harvey nee Grace Glenn Corry; Edith Glenn Corre; Helen Glenn Corre Glenn, Errett Corre, and Louise Glenn Corre. The four last named are attending school. Mrs. Carl Hamilton Harvey is the widow of Carl Hamilton Harvey, who resigned his position as general western agent of the Western & Atlantic R. R., Georgia R. R. and South Carolina R. R. to assume the duties of secretary and treasurer of "The A. G. Corre Hotel Company," as mentioned above. He died May 6, 1893. His demise, at the early age of twenty-six, is deplored by a wide circle of friends. He was a young man of exceptionally high character, and was universally beloved. His rare business ability renders his loss to the hotel interests which he represented, and to the business interests of Cincinnati, generally, a serious one. Carl Hamilton Harvey was the second son of William Harvey, a grain merchant of Cincinnati, and Sarah Jane (Kemper) Harvey, and was born November 3, 1866, on Walnut Hills. He received his education in the schools of Cincinnati. From his entrance into business up to the date of his untimely death he displayed a business energy and ability, and an unswerving integrity, that assured his attainment of an honored and honorable position among the best and most highly valued of the citizens of Cincinnati. The Corre family residence, which is known as "Maple Lawn," is located on Washington avenue, Avondale.

JOHN FREY, vice-president of the Board of Administration of Cincinnati, and proprietor of the " Dennison Hotel." of that city, was born April 15, 1845, at the family residence, No. 154 East Fifth street, where he still resides. His father, Joseph Frey, a native of Switzerland, and his mother, Magdalena Solar, a native of Laden, were married in Cincinnati. Joseph Frey ryas a foundryman, an occupation he followed until his death, in 1878: his wife died in 1887.

John Frey attended the public and parochial schools of the city of his birth, completing his education at Hughes High School in 1860. He then learned the machinist's trade with Moore & Richardson, locomotive and steamboat builders. While thus engaged he enlisted, for three months' service, with the Home Guards, and after returning to Cincinnati he resumed his trade with Arthur Moore, with whom he remained until 1867. His next employment was the building of the Scowden engines for the Cincinnati water works, which occupied one year. He was then engaged as master mechanic of the Cincinnati Southern railroad, fitting up the Ludlow shops. After one year of this service he was elected superintendent of the public school buildings of Cincinnati. in which capacity he served for three years. In 1887 he took a five-years' lease of the "Dennison Hotel," at the expiration of which he obtained a ten-years' renewal. Under Mr. Frey's proprietorship, and the capable management of Mr. A. F. Mueller, the business of the house has prospered beyond the most sanguine expectations. It has been thoroughly remodeled, refitted and refurnished, and is to-day one of the most popular and best patronized hotels in the city. Mr. Frey has always been actively identified with the Democratic party. He was for three consecutive terms a member of the board of education, and was the Democratic candidate for sheriff in 1888. In May, 1892, he was appointed by

920 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

Mayor Mosby as member for the short term, one year. of the non-partisan board of administration. and for four months of that period was its presiding officer. In May, 1893, he was reappointed by the Mayor for the long (four years) term, and upon the reorganization of the board at that time was elected vice-president. Mr. Frey is unmarried, and resides with his sister, Mrs. J. W. Luhn, and two unmarried sisters. He has one brother, Henry Frey, a machinist,

ERVIN MAXWELL was born upon June 13, 1827, in Wells, Maine. His parents were of Scotch extraction, and were both natives of Maine. His father was a farmer, and such school education as is ordinarily afforded the hard-worked son of the thrifty, hard-working American farmer was all that the subject of this sketch acquired, attending the district school during the winter months for four or five years. Becoming dissatisfied with the irksome round of duties upon the farm, he abandoned the plow in the spring of 1846, and went to Augusta, Maine, where he secured a "job" at the "Mansion House" as fire builder and general helper to the -nooks. He was soon promoted to the dining-room as waiter, then became a bell boy and lamp trimmer, and then porter. In 1848 he was given the position of clerk at the " Bangor House," Bangor, Maine, and in 1849 that of second clerk in the " Sagadahock House" of the same city, then the finest hotel in the State. In 1851 he was promoted to the head clerkship, Six years and eleven months after his humble start in hotel work, he became the proprietor, and kept the famous old " Sagadahock" for seventeen months, when he sold out and assumed the management of the "Hallowell," which he had purchased while landlord of the "Sagadahock.'' He remained at the " Hallowell " until 1857, the year which marked the crisis in the downfall of the ship-building interests of the Kennebec river, a period during which he lost most of his accumulations. He then turned his eyes westward, and in 1861 became steward of the "St. Charles," now the "Halliday House," Cairo, Ill., where he remained until 1868, when he embarked with his brother in the oil business in Chicago, Ill. The great fire of 1871 put an end to this business, and he then removed to St. Louis, where he engaged in the oil business with great success. In 1851 he leased the Central Hotel," at Hazelton, Penn., and conducted same until 1883, when be was offered a working interest in the "Hotel Emery." This he accepted, remaining until 1885, when he accepted the management of the " Palace Hotel," in Cincinnati, which he conducted with marked success. In 1887 he left his son. Walter H. Maxwell, in charge of the "Palace," and went, to Atlanta, Ga., where he refitted and repaired the " Markham House," of that city, conducting it until February, 1892, when he returned to Cincinnati to again assume control of the "Hotel Emery," remaining there until the close of 1893, when he retired from business,

Mr. Maxwell was married, September 22, 1852, in Waterville, Maine, to Emily A. Thomas, a daughter of James and Philenia Thomas, both of whom were natives of Maine and of English parentage. Of the children born to Mr. and Mrs, Maxwell three survive, viz.: Walter H., Fred W. and William E, The former is the manager of the "Palace" and "Stag" hotels of Cincinnati, and the two latter are members of the clerical force of the " Hotel Emery."

WALTER HATCH MAXWELL, manager of the " Palace " and " Stag" hotels, of Cincinnati, was born in Chicago, August 11, 1857, son of Ervin Maxwell. a biographical sketch of whom is contained in this volume. The subject of this sketch entered upon his school life at Chicago, and completed his education at the high school in St. Louis. His business career began immediately thereafter in the latter city as cashier of the firm of E. Maxwell & Co., oil dealers, in which capacity he remained until 1878, when he became identified with a wood-working establishment, at Fairfield, Ill. In 1880 he assisted his father in the conduct of a general store at Silver City, Ark. In 1881 he accepted a position as bookkeeper at the " Avenue Hotel," Hot, Springs. Ark., and in 1882 became manager for his father of the "Central Hotel," Hazelton, Penn. While thus employed his father was called, in 1883, to

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY. - 921.

take the management of the "Hotel Emery," and Walter also became associated therewith as cashier. In 1885 his father assumed the management of the " Palace Hotel," and Walter became the cashier of that house. In May, 1887, he became its active manager under the management name of E. 'Maxwell & Son. In March, 1890, he assumed the management of the "Stag Hotel" in conjunction with that of the " Palace." On February 1, 1892, the full management of both of these houses devolved upon him, his father withdrawing therefrom and confining his hotel interests to the management of the "Hotel Emery." The several hotels of Cincinnati with which the Messrs. Maxwell have been and are identified were built and are owned by Messrs. Thomas J. and J. J. Emery. It was one of the characteristic strokes of the business sagacity of these gentlemen to secure the services of the Messrs, Maxwell in connection with their hotel interests, as the signal successes of the several hotels managed by them abundantly attest. The Palace Hotel " especially-, since the acceptance of Mr. Ervin Maxwell's management and continuing under that of his son. has had an ever-increasing patronage, far out-numbering in its arrivals any hotel in the city, placing it in the front rank of the hotel successes of the United States.