240 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

CHAPTER XIII. DENTAL SURGERY.

THE OHIO COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY.

[B H. T. SMITH, D.D,S.]

THE Charter or the Act of the Legislature of Ohio, by which this institution came into legal existence, was passed January 24. 1845, and constituted Drs. B. P. Aydelott, Robert Buchanan, Israel Al. Dodge, William Johnson, J. P. Cornell, and Calvin Fletcher, of Cincinnati; Dr. G. S. Hampstead, of Portsmouth, and Dr. Samuel Martin, of Xenia, and their successors, a hoard of trustees, with power to establish a College of Dental Surgery in the city of Cincinnati.

In the spring of 1845 the trustees met and organized by the appointment of B. P. Aydelott, M. D., D. D. , president, and Israel M. Dodge, M. D. , secretary ; and then organized the Ohio College of Dental Surgery by the creation of the following departments : Dental Anatomy and Physiology, of which Jesse W. Cook, M.D., D.D.S., was made professor ; Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, of which M. Rogers, M. D. , D.D.S., was elected professor ; Practical Dentistry and Pharmacy, of which James Taylor, M. D. , D. D. S., was appointed professor ; Jesse P. Judkins, M.D., was appointed demonstrator of Anatomy ; and Prof. Taylor discharged the duties of demonstrator of Practical Dentistry.

The Faculty elected Prof. Cook, dean. He issued the first annual announcement; and the college session for its first course of lectures opened on the first Monday of November, 1845, and closed on or about the 20th of February, 1846, four young men receiving,, degrees. President Aydelott delivered the opening address, conferred the degrees, and, in behalf of the college, gave each graduate a copy of the Holy Bible. Prof. Cook made the valedictory address to the graduates.

For the second session the venerable Christian philosopher, Elijah Slack, D.D., LL.D., was appointed lecturer on Chemistry, and, it is believed, delivered the first course of lectures, on this science, ever given to dental students.

In 1847 Prof. Cook resigned his chair, and the trustees filled it by electing J. h'. Potter, .D., and the Faculty appointed Dr. William M. Hunter demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry. In 1848, Profs. Rogers and Potter resigned ; and George Mendenhall, M.D., was elected professor of Dental Pathology and Therapeutics, and John P. Shotwell, M.D., professor of Anatomy and Physiology. The Faculty appointed A. M. Leslie, D.D.S., demonstrator of Mechanical Dentistry, and Charles H. Raymond, lecturer on Chemistry. In the Department of Anatomy, Prof. Shotwell was succeeded y Thomas Wood, M.D. ; he by C. B. Chapman, M. D. ; he by Charles Kearns, Al. D. ; he y William Clendenin, M. D. The character and standing of the professors, elected to teach this science, show the high estimate placed upon it by the trustees and stockholders of the College. In 1850 a professorship of Mechanical Dentistry was created, and A. M. Leslie, D.D.S., was elected to the new chair, which place has since been held y John Allen, D.D.S., H. R. Smith, D.D.S., M. D. , Joseph Richardson, M. D., D.D.S., C. M. Wright, D.D.S., J. A. Watling, D.D.S., William Van Antwerp, D.D.S., M.D., N. S. Hoff, D.D.S., and J. R. Clayton, D.D.S., Grant Molyneaux, D.D.S., and Frank Bell, D.D.S.

The Department of Chemistry struggled for existence. After Dr. Raymond, G. J. Van Emon, D.D.S., was appointed lecturer, in 1851. In 1853, George Watt, M.D., succeeded him as lecturer, and he was succeeded by George M. Kellogg, M.D.

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In 1855, the science was regarded as worthy of a professorship, a new chair was created, called "Chemistry and Metallurgy," and George Watt, M. D., D. D. S., was elected to fill it. The position has since been filled by H. A. Smith, D.D.S., S. P. Cutler, D.D.S., J. G. Willis, M.D., D.D.S., and J. S. Cassidy, M.D.. D.D.S.

The chair of Pathology, after the resignation of Prof. Mendenhall, was filled by the election of J. B. Smith, M.D.; and this position has been subsequently held by George Watt, M.D., Edward Rives, M.D., F. Brunning, M.D., and A. O. Rawls, D. D. S.

In 1851, a chair of Operative and Mechanical Dentistry was created, and John Allen, D.D.S., was elected to fill it. In 1853 this was divided, leaving the department of Operative Dentistry to Prof. Allen, who in 1851 resigned the chair, and was succeeded y Jonathan Taft, D.D.S., who occupied the place till March, 1878.

A chair of Clinical Dentistry was established, and was filled at various times y W. T. Arlington, D.D.S., J. A. Watling, D.D.S., C. R. Butler, D.D.S., William Taft, D.D.S., M.D., H. M. Reid, D.D.S., J. I. Taylor, D.D.S., and H. A. Smith, D.D.S.

Additional studies, other than those indicated by the names, were added to most if not all these departments, such as Dental Hygiene, Microscopy, Histology, Metallurgy, Materia Medica, etc., and special professorships were, from time to time, provided for the departments of Oral Surgery, Irregularities, etc. And besides these, special clinical instructors have been selected for many years, from among those in the dental profession of high repute as operators. It is probable that this College was the pioneer in this direction ; but, at any rate, the example has been well and profitably followed. Previous to the session of 1851, the duties of the College were discharged in a building leased for the purpose. It had been mainly built by the distinguished educator, John L. Talbot, with special reference to the wants of the College, the lease, for ten years, included the privilege of purchase. By correspondence, and personal solicitation, arrangements were made to buy the building ; shares of stock, having been issued, were promptly taken by members of the profession, and a few others, interested in dental education. It would be unjust should we fail to give Prof. Taylor due credit for this effort. Accordingly, in November, 1851, the College session opened in the building owned by the profession, and specially dedicated, for all time, to the cause of dental education, and became another " new thing under the sun."

The stockholders held their first regular meeting in the lecture room of the Col'-loge, February 19, 1852. Dr. Charles Bonsall was called to the chair, and Dr. Thomas, Wood was appointed secretary. Drs. Thomas Wood, H. R. Smith, and James Taylor were appointed to report a draft of a constitution for an Ohio College Dental Association, which, after some modifications, was adopted. The first election of officers resulted in the selection of James Taylor, president; W. M. Wright, first vice-president ; Thomas Wood, second vice-president ; Charles Bonsall, secretary ; Edward Taylor, treasurer. And thus was the association organized, and equipped for action ; and it has had virtual control of the College ever since, in its educational, as well as its financial, aspects. Eighteen members were present, and signed the constitution. At this first meeting, the stockholders generously relinquished their interest on stock, for the good of the College, for three years ; and this principle of generosity has ruled ever since. New shares of stock were issued and taken. In 1854 the old building, purchased from Mr. Talbot, having been found inadequate to the growing wants of the College, the stockholders took steps toward the erection of an entire new edifice. As the location, College street, between Sixth and Seventh streets, was central, it was decided to rebuild on the same ground. With marvelous energy and promptness the new building was erected and furnished in time for the opening of the ensuing course of lectures. This is the first building erected for the sole and special purpose of dental education. In 1865, a change in

242 - HISTORY OF CINCINNATI AND HAMILTON COUNTY.

the charter and general management of the College occurred. One object of the change was to bring the institution more directly under the immediate supervision and control of the College Association.

At a later year the College Association was abandoned, and from this time the College has been controlled y its trustees elected alone by the stockholders. In the year 1878 there was a complete reorganization. Dr. James Taylor, who had been connected with the Faculty from the organization, again connected himself with the teaching body, and remained an active member until his death, June 12, 1881. The Faculty elected at this time were Dr. James Taylor, Dr. J. S. Cassidy, Dr. H. A. Smith, Dr. Frank Bell, Dr. C. M. Wright. Dr. H. A. Smith was elected dean of the Faculty, and under the new management an era of prosperity was begun, greater than the College had ever known before, which has continued up to the present time under the deanship of Dr. H. A. Smith.

In 1878 the number of matriculates increased from eighteen to fifty, the following year to sixty-nine, the following to eighty-one, steadily increasing until, in 1890-91, the College had the largest class in its history, numbering 208. In 1888 the College became the Dental Department of the University of Cincinnati, assuming this in addition to its old name, its diplomas being so inscribed. This annexation with the university was a convenient mutual working arrangement, the College remaining in its own property and under its own management as heretofore. The trustees and Faculty of the College consist at present of: President, C. I. Keely, D.D.S.; vice-president, D. W. Clancey, M.D., D.D.S.; secretary, James I. Taylor, D.D.S.; treasurer, James Leslie, D.D.S. ; W. S. How, D.D.S.; B. O. Doyle, D.D.S. ; F. A. Hunter, D.D.S. ; H. A. Smith, D.D.S. ; J. S. Cassidy, A.M., M.D., D.D.S., professor of Chemistry and Materia Medica; H. A. Smith, D.D.S., professor of Operative Dentistry and Dental Pathology; C. M. Wright, D.D.S., professor of Physiology and General Pathology; William Knight, M.D., D.D.S., professor of Anatomy and Oral Surgery; Grant Molyneaux, D.D.S., professor of Prosthetic Dentistry and Metallurgy; C. I. Keely, D.D.S., lecturer on Irregularities of the Teeth; L. E. Custer, D.D.S., lecturer on Anaesthetics and Obtundants; H. C. Matlack, D.D.S., demonstrator of Anatomy; T. I. May and H. A. Whiteside, D.D.S., demonstrator of Operative Dentistry; F. A. Lush, D.D.S., demonstrator of Prosthetic Dentistry; H. T. Smith, D.D.S., demonstrator of Analytic Chemistry; H. A. Smith, D.D.S., dean, and H. T. Smith, D.D.S., secretary.

THE CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF DENTAL SURGERY.*

This school was incorporated April 17, 1893, under the laws of the State of Ohio. It has graduated one class of five students. To insure better instructions to all, it has limited its class annually to fifty students. It, teaches dentistry in every branch, and thoroughly equips men and women for the practice of their profession. The Faculty of the College are: A. V. Phelps, M.D.; W. T. McLean, M.D., D.D.S. (secretary of the Faculty); L. S. Coller, B.S., M.D.; Lincoln Mussey, M.D.; G. S. Junkerman, M.D., D.D.S. (dean of the Faculty). The officers of the College are: Hon. Francis B. James, LL.B., president; O. W. Martin, A.M., secretary; George B. Harte, Esq., treasurer. This College gives one regular session of six months, and a post-graduate course of six months each year. An entrance examination and the attendance of three regular sessions are required for graduation.

* Contributed.