100 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY become a numerous and respectable congregation, known by the name of the Ridge. After the division of Jefferson county had taken place, and a new county formed out of it, Cadiz, then a small village, became the Seat of Justice of Harrison county. This village lay within our limits, and was considered a part of our congregation. Here we organized a church, at the request of the villagers, and labored a part of our time for three years; since which our ministry has been chiefly confined to this place alone. For several years after, this church continued still more to increase, until she became, as was generally supposed, the largest in the State of Ohio. Out of this congregation, at different periods, there have been formed not less than six contiguous organized churches. Still, she continued to maintain her standing entire, until April, 1848, when age and infirmity made it necessary that I should resign, and the pastoral relation of forty-three years was at length dissolved. Having thus briefly outlined the history of this church,—for "Why should the wonders He has wrought, Be lost in silence and forgot." some notice is due to its officers. In the Presbyterian Church the membership of elder is recognized in all her -courts. The interest this class of men take, or the course of conduct pursued by them, will go far in shaping the destiny, the well being, or ill-being of any church. In the organizing of this church at first I had no concern; it took place before my settlement. But in the course of years, as the congregation increased, frequent additions had to be made, until at one time we had not less than ten members in session. All were chosen by the people, and ordained by myself, with the exception of three, viz: James Kerr, Sr., John McCullough, Esq., and Dr. Thomas Vincent. These were valuable men, and useful members of the session. They obtained their ordination elsewhere, and were received as such here. HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 101 CHAPTER VIII. HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813. Harrison county was erected from parts of Jefferson and Tuscarawas, As at first constituted, the county included the southern portion of Carroll county; while the western half of Franklin and nearly all of Monroe townships were retained by Tuscarawas county. Carroll county was erected in 1832, from parts of JeffersOn, Harrison, Columbiana, Stark, and Tuscarawas, which left the northern boundary of Harrison as it is to-day. The original townships of Jefferson county, which covered nearly all of the present territory of Harrison, were Short Creek and Archer. As organized in 1803, Short Creek township included all the present townships of Nottingham, Moorfield, Cadiz, Athens, Short Creek, and the south three-sevenths of Green, besides three tiers of sections in Jefferson county; while Archer included the eastern halves of Monroe and Franklin, all of North, Stock, Rumley, Archer, and German, and the north four-sevenths of Green, besides the southern tier of sections in Carroll and the northwestern portion of Jefferson counties. Harrison county was organized under an act of the Legislature passed January 2, 1813, to take effect January 1, 1814. On January 12, 1813, the Legislature amended the act, making it take effect February 1, 1813, which, accordingly, is the date of erection of the county. On January 14, 1813, the Legislature appointed three commissioners, to locate the county-seat for the new county, and named Messrs. Jacob Myers, Joseph Richardson, and Robert Speer for this purpose. On the fifteenth of the following April, these commissioners made their report to the 102 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY common-pleas court for Jefferson county, naming the village of Cadiz as the county-seat. While Harrison county was still .included within the territory of Jefferson, the second war with Great Britain broke out. Jefferson county furnished at least one full regiment, consisting of thirteen companies and 1065 men, and contributed to the formation of others. The officers of the regiment were as follows: Lieutenant-Colonel, John Andrew; majors, Thomas Glenn, James Campbell, George Darrow, Jacob Frederick; adjutant, Mordecai Bartley; surgeon, Thomas Campbell; quartermaster, Jacob Van Horn; sergeant-major, John B. Dowden; quartermaster-major, John Patterson; drum-major, John McClintock; fife-major, John Niel; captains, (1) Aaron Alien, (2) Thomas Latta, (3) John Alexander, (4) John Allen Scroggs, (5) ames Alexander (6) Nicholas Murray, (7) William Faulk, (8) Jacob Gilbert, (9) Joseph Alolmes, (10) James Downing, (11) Joseph Zimmerman, (12) Davi.d Meek, (13) William Stoakes; lieutenants (in same relative order with captains, as to their companies, (1) John Vantillburg, (2) Hugh Christy, (3) ______ (4) John Ramsey, (5) Henry Bayless; (6) Nathan Wintringer; (7) John Berkdell, (8) John Teeton, (9) William Thorn and John Ramsay, (10) Peter Jackson, (11) James Kerr, (12) Joseph Davis, (13) Thomas Orr; ensigns (in same relative order with captains and lieutenants, as to their companies), (1) William Mills, (2) William Pritchard, (3) David Jackson, (4) John Caldwell, (5) John Myers, (6) John Carroll, (7) Jacob Crauss, (8) Abraham Fox and Conrad Myers; (9) Gavin Mitchell, (10) Thomas Smith, (11) Conrad Myers, (12) Jacob Sheffer, (13) John Caldwell. Of the companies enumerated in the foregoing list, at least three were enlisted wholly or in part within the territory of Harrison county. The first was that of Captain Joseph Holmes. Following is a muster-roll of this Company, taken from the records of the Adjutant-General's office at Columbus, under date of August 26, 1812: Captain, Joseph Holmes; lieutenants, William Thorn and John Ramsey; ensign, Gavin Mitchell; sergeants, Francis Popham, James Gilmore, Alexander Smith, John McCully; corporals, Edward Van Horne, John Pollock, Thomas McBride, Joseph Hagerman; drummers, John McClintock, James Robb; privates.(enlisted to serve from Aug. 26, 1812, to Feb. 28, 1813); Rezin Arnold, James Arnold, Samuel Arnold, Anthony Asher, William Barcus, James Belch, James Brown, George Brokaw, John Brottle (also written Brittel), David Briggs, George Carpender, Philip HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 103 Cahill, James Chaffin, Findley Elliott, Thomas Elliott, Isaac- Edgington, John Ferguson, Thomas Ferguson, Benjamin Foster, Thomas Glass, Samuel Gilpin, John Guttery, William Harper, Isaac Henry, Joseph Hughes, john Harriman, John Hawthorne, Rhesa Kendall, Matthew Kelly, Samuel Kerr, William Kyle; Jacob Lanning, Richard Logan, John Leach, James Long, Benjamin McClery (also written McClay); James Minnis, George McElroy, Patrick H. Madden, James McCullough, Charles 'McMillan, Robert Maxwell, Thomas McDonald, James Moore, William McClintock, John McCormick, Thomas McFadden, Jacob Meek, Jacob Osburn, Jacob Osler, John Parks, Hugh Porter, Richard Ross, Jeremiah Roach, Ebenezer Roach, Isaac Skeels, Charles Smith, James Sankey, Henry Snider, Joseph Strahl, George Sullivan, David Stevens, Luke Tipton, William Tipton, Jonathan Tipton, Isaac Van Bibber, Joseph White. Most of these privates re-enlisted for the spring campaign of 1813, as Kell as the following in addition (enlisted to serve from Jan. 1, to April 13, 1813): David Potts, Johnston Rollins, John Robertson, Charles Robertson; (enlisted to serve from Jan. -1, to Feb. 28, 1813): John Scholes, Jonathan Wist (or West), Edward Yealdhall. Captain Aaron Allen's company was also largely recruited in Harrison county, and the adjoining townships of Jefferson and Belmont, the most of the company enlisting for six months, service, from September, 1812, to March, 1813. The "roll of this company is as. follows: Captain, Aaron Allen; lieutenant, John Vantilburg; ensign, William Mills; sergeants, James Clare, John Farquer, Richard Shaw, Thomas Henderson; corporals, Christopher Abel, Hugh Livingston, James Johnston, David Workman; privates, Philip Ault, James Ayres, Samuel Avery, Anthony Asher, Benjamin Abel, John Barr, .Robert Bay, Frederick Burchfield, Adam Beamer, Nehemiah Brown, Emery Burris, William Brown, Obadiah Barnes (or Burns), 'Lewis Corbet, Ryan Carter, Alexander Campbell, John Close, Alexander Conn. (or Cann),. Alexander Crawford, John Carson, Samuel Carson, Joseph Caughey, Henry Davis, John Degoir, Thomas Duvall, Anthony Doyell, James Ellison, David Freet, Abram Recker, Frederick Fisher, John Fisher, Michael Fivecoats, John George, Thomas Graden, Martin Grim, Joseph Gibson, Michael Gladman, John Hitchcock, John Hardenbrook, James Hill, Jerome Hardenbrook, James Hukill, Samuel Holley, Joseph Haverfield, Jacob Haning, William Hill, John Harriman, John Haye, John Hickory, Nathaniel Jinnings, John James, James Kean, Samuel Kerr, John Lyons, John Logue, John Lyon, Samuel Lane. Samuel Lees; Robert Lisle, Emanuel 104 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Myers, John Moody, James Mays, William McCloud, Thomas Mays', oseph Mallen, William Montgomery, James Moorehead, Jacob Myers, Thomas McNiles, William McColly, Samuel Main, Robert McClerg, Felix McClelland, David McCaskey, William McClintock, Jacob Miller, Isaac Pugh, Thomas Packman, George Palmer, John Peterson, John Quinn, Adam Quillen, William Rutledge, Robert Ralston, Robert Russel, Mathew Richeson (or Richardson), Daniel Rickey, Caleb Reynolds, James Ray, Job Ruse)), Benjamin Ritter, Joseph Ralston, James Stuart, Philip Shaffer, Jacob Shower (or Shawber), Allen Speed (or Speedy), John Stoakes, John Smith, Adam Simmons, Daniel Steven, Benjamin Sessions, John Skelton, William Skelton, Samuel Smith, John Shepherd, John Taylor, Moses Thompson, Nicholas Wheeler, Daniel Welch, Jr., John Willits. A third company was that of Captain Allen Scroggs, enlisted September 21, 1812, to serve until November 30, 1812. The roll of this company is as follows: Captain, John Allen Scroggs; lieutenant, John Ramsey; ensign, John Caldwell; sergeants, William Wilkin, William Dunlap, William Holson, William Robertson; corporals, Samuel Avery, Joseph Haverfield, John Conoway, John Wallace; privates, Benjamin Abbott, Peter Bebout, John Brokaw, Farrington Barricklow, Adam Beamer, Homeny Buris, William Brokaw, Horace Belknap, Michael Conoway, James F. Carr, Archibald Fletcher, James Francis, Benjamin Foster, Michael Fivecoats, Michael Gladmore, Abraham Henary, John Hitchcock, Samuel Holly, William Hill, Edward Jack, Henry Johnson, Ebenezer Gray, Duber Lawrence, John Dewalt, David Finley, Samuel Lees, John McClay, John McCormick, Thomas McGonigle, James Moffit, Thomas McFadden, William McKain, Robert Mintier, Jacob Myers, William McCally, Charles Parson, Peter Pittenger; Alexander Porter, Stephen Perry, John Reed, John Reed, Jr., Samuel Reed, Charles Robertson, Moses Robb, Nicholas Shale, John Scholes, Samuel . Smith, Charles Tenet, Moses Thompson, John Welch, Archibald Wilkins, Edward Yielhall. It will be observed that many of these names are repeated on the rolls of two or three of the companies given above. This may have been caused by the transference from one company to the other, or by a tour of service in each one of the companies. Another Company was organized in Harrison county, before its separation from Jefferson, and took the field against Great Britain. This was the Company of Captain Baruch Dickerson, in service in 1814. HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 105 Before giving its muster-roll, the following account of its organization 'and record may be repeated, the same having been dictated by the aged Joshua Dickerson, in two interviews had with him in the fall of 1896. Mr. Dickerson spoke as follows: "I was but six years old, or thereabouts, when the Indians living along Lake Erie made frequent marauding excursions through this part of the State. This was about the year 1810 or 1811. There were no incidents of cruelty in this immediate neighborhood, but apprehending well the danger that might be, the settlers sought to prevent further trouble. Although I was but a child, I remember well the occurrences; perhaps my memory of this is strengthened somewhat by having heard my father relate the matter repeatedly. "David Barrett, a Quaker, came to my father, and asked what he advised doing, to prevent trouble with the Indians. Father said, 'in time of peace, prepare for war,' and on election day a Militia Company was formed. After the election, the Company numbered sixty, and in a short time reached a hundred. David Barrett having organized the Company, was chosen its first. captain; Samuel Gilmore, first lieutenant; John Jamison, second lieutenant. Two years later, Baruch Dickerson, having succeeded David Barrett as captain, the Company was called out to serve against the British. "The. Company was to serve nine months, but was out only six. They went from Cadiz, first, to Steubenville, then north to Sandusky. During the whole six, months there was no actual engagement; only on two or three occasions were any shots fired. The camp life was very disagreeable. At Sandusky, they camped in a swamp, where they were obliged. to cut down cedar trees, roll the logs together, and cover them with cedar branches. These cedar branches .formed their bed, and covering. "Samuel Gilmore was sick when they started home. He lived where Samuel Cochran now lives; he was a broad-shouldered, well-made man, of about forty years, and had three or more Children. Gilmore, two days before his discharge, being on the way back to Cadiz, took the fever, and riot at that time having a horse, was in bad condition; and refusing assistance from his comrades, walked thirty miles. Then the officers contributed sufficient money to purchase a horse, and Gilmore rode the remainder of the way to Cadiz, for the last two days of his march being held on the horse by his companions. The Company reached Cadiz on a Saturday, where a large assemblage was waiting to welcome their return. 106 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Gilmore was able to recognize only his wife among the crowd; was at once conveyed to his home south of the village; and during the following week [Sept. 8, 1814], he died." The roll of Captain Baruch Dickerson's Company, as shown on .the records of the Adjutant-General's office at Columbus, is given below, the Company forming a part of Lieutenant-Colonel William Cotgreve's (or Colgrove's) Second Regiment of Ohio Militia. It will be observed that the titles of some of the officers differ from those given in Mr. Dickerson's account. This may possibly be accounted for by the fact that it was customary for .the militia companies of that day to elect new officers every year or so. The Company as made up to fight the British numbered but thirty-six men, and was enlisted March 12, 1814, for service until September 12, 1814, as follows : Captain, Baruch Dickerson; lieutenant, John Jamison; ensign, Samuel Gilmore; sergeants, William Haverfield, Charles Holmes, Laken Wells; musicians, James Robb, David Young; privates, Samuel Browning, Ezekiel Chambers, Samuel Carson, John Carson, Joseph Craig, Andrew Foster, Moses Foster, Michael Fivecoats, Isaac Hitchcock, James Haver-field, John Hurless, John Hovey, Samuel Holmes, Elsy Holmes, James McConkey, Samuel McConkey, Aaron Mecham, Benjamin Nelson, Joseph Parrish, John Richison, Francis Smith, David Scott, Bazaleel Steel, Francis Warpenboy, Nathaniel West, John Walraven, Henry Welday, George Young. While on the subject of the war with Great Britain, it will not be out of place to record in this place the names of some of the surviving soldiers of the Revolutionary War, who afterwards located and lived in Harrison county. So far as known there are no printed records of these veterans in existence, save the names of those who were pensioners, and as such enrolled on the pension lists of the Government. The first of these pension rolls was published by Congress about 1820, in volume four of. Executive Papers, No. 55, first session of the Sixteenth Congress. In this roll, which is very lengthy, the pensioners are classified as to residence only by States, and it is not possible to determine to what counties they then belonged. In 1835, a second roll was printed by Congress, showing the pensioners then living, or whose heirs were drawing pensions, with their place of residence, and age. To Harrison county at that time were credited the following: John Brannon, of the Pennsylvania Line, age, 89 years. Timothy Boyles, of the Delaware Line, age, 96 years. HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 107 Thomas Haley, of the Maryland Line, age; 74 years. Thomas Johns, of the Virginia Line, age, 92 years. James Larkins, of the Pennsylvania Line, died July 13, 1828, aged 70 years. Neal Peacock, of the Maryland Line, died Aug. 17, 1827, aged 74 years. John Parker, of the Pennsylvania Line, age, 68. years. Henry Rankin, of the Pennsylvania Line, age, 72 years. In the Government Census for 1840, a list of pensioners was prepared, and printed in the Census Report. This gave the names of all then drawing pensions for Revolutionary, or other military service, which included pensioners of the War of 1812 and of the various Indian Wars. Harrison county then contained the following pensioned veterans: In Rumley township, George Dickerson, aged 94. In Washington township, John Parker, aged 81. In Cadiz village, William Boggs. In Cadiz township, Robert Alexander, aged 45; Charles D. Wells, aged 82. In Hanover village, Charles Conaway, aged 88. In North township, Mordecai Ames, aged 90. In Stock township, Frederick Walters, aged 80. In Nottingham township, William Todd, aged 84; Isaac Suddith, aged 80. The following letter, written by Walter B. Beebe, then a young. lawyer, who had but recently emigrated to the West from his home in Massa chusetts, gives an interesting description of the settlers and conditions which he found in the newly organized county, where he had determined to seek his fortune. It will be observed the letter bears a date scarcely two weeks later than the date of organization of the county: Cadiz, County of Harrison, State of Ohio, February 14, 1813. Honored Parents :—I take this opportunity to inform you that I am well and in good spirits. Since I left home, I have become tolerably well acquainted with the science of traveling. I started from St. Clairsville (the place from which I wrote you), on or about the 1st of December, and took a convenient route through the middle section of this State, a route of about 500 miles. The more I get acquainted with this part of the country, the better I like it. It is certainly the best land I ever beheld. Judge Ruggles went with me to Chillicothe, the seat of Government, at which place the Legislature was then sitting. I got acquainted 108 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY with Governor Meigs, and many of the members, who all appear to be very friendly to young men emigrating to this part of the coun try. Governor Meigs is a Yankee, from Middletown, Connecticut. At Chillicothe, I was examined by the Judges of the Supreme Court of this State, and admitted to practice as an attorney and counsellor at law in the several courts of record in this Staate. I found a good many counties in my route, which I thought would be good places for an attorney, but was induced to settle in this, the county-seat of Harrison county, from the following considerations, to-wit : Notwithstanding this county was set off and organized when I was in Chillicothe, yet it is an old settlement, and the settlers are generally rich. The inhabitants of this county, and counties adjoining, have but few Yankee settlers, but settled by Virginians, Pennsylvanians, Germans, Scotch, and Irish, who are more litigious and quarrelsome than the Yankees are, and pay their money more freely. There is no lawyer in this county, and I have the assurance of being appointed State's attorney, which will be worth eighty a year, and will be attended with but very little trouble and very little inconvenience to other, business, being only barred in criminal prosecution from appearing against the State of Ohio. This county is so situated that there are five other counties within one day's ride of it, and it is the practice in this State for lawyers to practice in adjoining counties. It is the healthiest part of the State, and the water is good. These, together with other considerations, have induced me, after having been a bird of voyage for three months, to pitch on this place for my permanent home. This town is about twenty miles from the Ohio river, about seventy miles from Pittsburgh, and sixteen miles west of St. Clairsville. It is the shire-town of the county, and will soon be a populous town. I think my prospects are as good as a young man can reasonably expect, and I have no fear, if I have my health. I am in a land abounding in very many of the good things of this life. I have seen good pot-turkeys, weighing twenty pounds, sell for twenty-five cents; hens and chickens, six cents. Money is very plentiful in this State, probably more plentiful than usual, owing to its being near the N. W. army. I remain, your dutiful son, To Capt. Stewart Beebe WALTER B. BEEBE, Wilbraham, Hampden Co., Mass. It is to be regretted that some of our eastern writers of American history, who have never been west of the Allegheny mountains, cannot have the advantage of a visit to Ohio, and learn as General Beebe did, that Yankees were exceedingly scarce there, outside of the Marietta and Western Reserve settlements. The first courts of Harrison county were held at the houses of Thomas Stokes and William Grimes. At a meeting of the county com- HARRISON COUNTY IN 1818 - 109 missioners hcld April 12, 1813, they entered into an agreement with the trustees of the Associate Reformed congregation of Cadiz, leasing the meeting-house belonging to that society for the term of three years, for the purpose of bolding the courts of the county. On October 24, 1815, this lease was extended for a second term of three years, or until the newly begun court-house of thc county should be completed. The first term of court was held in the house of Thomas Stokes on May 3, 1813. Very little business was transacted at this term. The second term was held August 24-26, 1813. Judges Benjamin Ruggles, President, and James Roberts, Samucl Boyd, and Ephraim Sears, Associates, occupied the bench. The court appointed Walter B. Beebe as prosecuting attorney for Harrison county, and allowed him the sum of $33.33, as salary for his services during the August term. The first grand jury was composed of Andrew McNeely, foreman, William Smith, Zachary Baker, William Mercer, William Hamilton, Samuel Gilmore, William Moore, Thomas Hitchcock, John McConnell, William Conwell, Richard McKibben, and John Taggart. On motion of Mr. Beebe, Rev. William Knox, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was licensed to officiate at marriages within the State of Ohio. The Court also licensed John Adams to keep a tavern at his place of residence in Nottingham township, for the term of one year; and likewise, William Grimes and Messrs. Kiddie, Niel and Maholm, to keep taverns in the village of Cadiz. The first empanelled jury was composed of Messrs. John Paxton, Samuel Osburn, Jonathan Seers, Robert Croskey, Samuel Dunlap, James McMillan, Samuel Huff, David Barrett, John Clark, Andrew Richey, James Porter, and Benjamin Johnson. The grand jury returned one indictment for larceny, four for riot, and seven for assault and battery; thus apparently vindicating Lawyer Beebe's judgment as to the quarrelsome character of some of the Ohio pioneers. The following named persons served on the judicial bench of Harrison county prior to 1851: President Judges—Benjamin Ruggles (1810 to 1814), George Tod (1814 to 1816), Benjamin Tappan (1816 to 1823), Jeremiah H. Hallock (1823 to 1836), George W. Belden (1837 to 1839), William Kennon (1840 to 1846), Benjamin Cowan (1847 to 1852). Associate Judges—James Roberts (1813 to 1819), Samuel Boyd (1813 to 1819), Ephraim Sears (1813 to 1818), Matthew Simpson (1818 to 1819), Alexander Henderson (1819 to 1827), John McCullough (1820 to 1834), John McCurdy (1820 to 1825), Thomas Bingham (1825 to 1839), 110 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY David Campbell (1827 to 1829), John McBean (1829. to 1836), Robert Maxwell (1834 to 1841), Alexander Patterson (1836 to 1841), John Hanna (1810 to 1846), Samuel Moorehead (1841 to 1848), Thomas Lee (1841 to 1848), James Maxwell (1846 to 1852), William McFarland (1848 to 1852), William Boggs (1848 to 1852). Judges after 1851: Thomas L. Jewett (1852 to 1854), Thomas Means (1854 to 1855), Samuel W. Bostwick (1855 to 1861), George W. McIlvaine (1862 to 1870), John: H. Miller (1870 to 1877), James Patrick (1877 to 1882), Joseph C. Hance (1882 to 1884, and 1.889 to 1891), John S. Pearce (1884 to 1889), John Mansfield (1892 to Walter G. Shotwell (1899 to -). Following is a list of the Senators and Representatives in .the State Legislature, who served from and were residents of Harrison county: Senators-Daniel Welch (1811, then from Jefferson county), Samuel Dunlap (1814 to 1815), Matthew Simpson (1816 to 1820, and 1822 to 1828), James Roberts (1820 to 1822), Daniel Kilgore (1828 to 1832), Joseph Holmes (1832 to 1834), Thomas C. Vincent (1834 to 1838), Chauncey Dewey (1841 to 1842), Samuel G. Peppard (1852 to 1854), Charles Warfel' (1856 to 1858), Marshall McCall (1860 to 1862), John C. Jamison (1864 to 1866), James B. Jamison (1868 to 1872), Samuel Knox (1872 to 1878), David A. Hollingsworth (1880 to 1884), George W. Glover (1888 to 1890), Charles M. Hogg (1892 to 1896). Representatives--Samuel Dunlap (1803 to 1808, and .1810 to 1813, from Jefferson county), Stephen Ford (1808 to 1810, and 1813 to 1818, from Jefferson county, prior to 1813), Andrew McNeely (1810, 1814, and 1815, from Jefferson county in 1810), William Moore (1816 to 1819), John Patterson (1819 to 1820, 1821 to 1822, 1823 to 1824, and 1826 to 1830), Ephraim Sears (1820 to 1821), William Wiley (1822 to 1823,-and 1.824 to 1826), Walter B. -Beebe (1830 to 1831), Joseph Rea (1831 to 1833, and 1838 to 1840), Samuel W. Bostwick (1833 to 1836), John Gruber (1836 to 1838, and 1842 to 1843), Josiah Scott (1840 to 1842), William McFarland (1843 to 1844), Jacob Lemmon (1844 to 1846), Samuel A. Russell (1846 to 1848), John Hammond (1849 to 1850), Marshall McCall (1850-to 1854), Reynolds K. Price (1854 to 1856), Ephraim Clark (1856 to 1858), James Day (1858 to 1860), William H. McGavran (1860 to 1862), Smith R. Watson (1862 to 1866), Ingram Clark (1866 to 1868), Lewis Lewton (1868 to 1870), Anderson P. Lacey (1870 to 1872), David Cunningham (1872 to 1874), Samuel Herron (1874 to 1876), A. C. Nixon (1876 to 1878), Jesse Forsythe (1878 to 1880), Oliver .G. Cope (1880 to 1882), Samuel B. McGavran (1882 to 1884), Jasper N. Lantz (1884 to HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 111 1886, and 1888 to 1890); George M. Patton (1886 to 1888), Wesley B. Hearn (1890 to 1892), Samuel K. McLaughlin (1894 to 1898), Samuel S. Hamill (1898 to 1900). Other names on the Civil List of Harrison county are as follows: Probate Judges-Brice W. Viers (1852 to 1854), Allens C. Turner (1854 to 1867), Amon Lemmon (1867 to 1894), Elias B.. McNamee (1894 to 1900), John B. Worley (1900 to -). Auditors (the title of the first three was "Clerk. of Commissioners") --Walter B. Beebe (1813 to 1816), Lared Stinson (1816 to 1817), James L. Hanna (1817 to 1820), John Hanna, clerk and first auditor, (1820 to. 1822), Joseph Harris (1822 to 1832), Joseph Meek (1832 to 1833); James Miller (1833 to 1837); Charles Pattersons (1837 to 1840), Zephamiah Bayless (1840 to 1843), John Sharp (1843 to 1845), Robert Edney (1845 to 1849), Reynolds K. Price (1849 to 1853), Jain Sloan (1853 to 1854), Will S. Granfell (1855 to 1856), Kersey W. Kinsey (1856 to 1860), Samuel Knox (1860 to 1864), William H. McCoy (1864 to 1869), Reuben A. McCormick (1869 to 1871), William O. Potts (1871 to 1875), Thomas W. Giles (1875 to 1880), James M. Scott (1880 to 1883), Henry Spence (1883 to 1884), James C. Carver, deputy for Henry Spence, (1883 to 1884), George A. Crew (1884: to 1891), Henry G. Forker (1891 to 1896), Harvey B. Law (1896 to ____). Treasurers-Samuel Osburn (1813 to 1828), John S. Lacey (1828 to 1836), James McNutt (1836 to 1840), William Milligan (s1840 to 1844), Zephamiah Bayless (1844 to 1848), Ralph Barcroft (1848 to 1852), David Hilbert (1852 to 1854), J. J. Johnson (1854 to 1858), John Russell (1858 to 1860), Thomas Richey (1860 to 1862), Frank Grace (1862. to 1864), Wesley S. Poulson (1864 to 1866), Elias Foust (1866 to 1870), George A. Haverfield (1870 to 1876), Harvey L. Thompson (1876 to 1878), Nimrod B. Pumphrey (1878 to 1882), Albert J. Harrison (1882 to 1886), Samuel A. Moore (1886s to 1890), Nathaniel E. Clendennin (1890 to 1894), Robert Stewart (1894 to 1899), Joseph J. Sears (1900 to -). Prosecuting Attorneys-Walter B. Beebe (1813 to 1834), Josiah Scott (1834 to 1838), Edwin M. Stanton (1838 to 1839), Samuel W. Bostwick (1839 tos 1844), Thomas L. Jewett (1844 to 1848), Samuel G. Peppard (1848 to 1851), Allen C. Turner (1851 to 1853), Lewis Lewton (1854 to 1856), Jesse H. McMath (1856 to 1861), Amon Lemmon (1861 to 1863), William P. Hayes (1863 to 1866), David Cunningham. (1866 to 1869), John S. Pearce (1869 to 1875), David A. Hollingsworth (1875 to 1877), John C. Given (1878 to 1881.), John M. Garvin (1882 to 1887), Walter G.. 112 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Shotwell (1888 to 1894), William T. Perry (1894 to 1900), Barkley W. Rowland (1900 to ). Recorders-William Tingley (1814 to 1829), Joseph Harris (1829 to 1.832), William Johnson (1832), Samuel M. McCormick (1832 to 1838), Matthew M. Sloan (1838 to 1844), William Boyce (1844 to 1850), Lancelot Hearn (1850 to 1857), William A. Hearn (1857 to 1858), Joseph Rea (1859 to 1868), George Woodborne (1868 to 1874), John Graybill (1874 to 1880), Landon B. Grimes (1880 to 1886), Albert B. Hines (1886 to 1892), Thomas Arbaugh (1892 to 1898), S. Edwin Thompson (1898. to ____ ) Sheriffs-Elescondo Henderson (1814 to 1816), James Boswell (1816 to 1817), John Stokes (1817 to 1821), Rezin Arnold (1821 to 182.4), Baruch Dickerson (1824), John S. Lacey (1824 to 1826), Matthew McCoy (1826 to 1832), James McNutt (1832 to 1835), William Mulligan (1836 to 1839), William Cady (1840 to 1842), William Barrett (1842 to 1846), John McCormick (1846 to 1848), David Hilbert (1848 to 1853), James Boyd (1853 to 1855), Alexander Barger (1855 to 1858), Edwin S. Woodborne (1858 to 1861), Stephen R. McGee (1862 to 1866), John E. McPeck (1866 to 1870), James Moore (1870 to 1872), Samuel S. Hamill (1872 to 1876), Elisha Hargrave (1876 to 1878), Emanuel Howard (1878 to 1.880), James C. Carver (1880 to 1886), Jefferson C. Glover (1886 to 1888), Albert Quigley (1888 to 1892), David P. Host (1892 to 1896), Samuel B. Moore (1896 to 1900), Davis Garvin (1900 to _____ ). Clerks of Court-Joseph Harris (1813 to 1815), William Tingley (1815 to 1838), Thomas Vincent (1838 to 1845), Samuel McCormick (1845 to 1851), Charles Patterson (1852 to " 1854); Thomas C. Bowles (1855 to 1860), R. M. Lyons (1861 to 1863), John Fogle (1863 to 1867), John Garvin (1867 to 1875), Allen W. Scott (1875 to 1882), Elias B. McNamee (1882 to 1888), Martin J. McCoy (1888 to 1894), E. B. Kirby (1894 to ___ ). Commissioners-John Pugh (1813), James Cobean (1813 to 1814), Eleazer Huff (1813), William Phillips (1813 to 1816), William Wiley (1813 to 1821), John Craig (1814 to 1820, and 1824 to 1825), Robert Maxwell (1816 to 1828), William Henderson (1820 to 1826), Joseph Holmes (182.0 to 1824), David Thompson (1825 to 1833), Thomas Martin (1826 to 1832), Brice W. Viers (1828 to 1831), John Caldwell (1831 to 1834), Henry Ford (1832 to 1838), John Ramage (1833 to 1836), Samuel Colvin (1834 to 1840), Jesse Merrill (1836 to 1839), John Sharp (1838 to 1841), Andrew Richey (1839 to 1842), James P. Beall (1840 to 1843), Thomas Day (1841 HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 113 to 1842), John Downing (1842 to 1845), James Hogland (1843 to 1846), Samuel Hitchcock (1845 to 1851), Samuel Richey (1846 to 1852), Luther Rowley (1847 to 1853), John Carrick (1851 to 1852), John Yost (1852 to 1857), Elijah Carver (1852 to 1855), Joseph Masters (1854 to 1856), Jacob Cramblett (1855 to 18(31), Jackson Croskey (1856 to 1863), Charles Wells (1860 to 1866), James J. Billingsley (1861 to 1867), Walter Craig (1863 to 1865), Andrew Jamison (1865 to 1871), Levi Snyder (1866 to 1872), William Evans (1867 to 1873), James Patton (1871 to 1877), John, Sloan (1872 to 1874), Alexander Henderson (1873 to 1879), John Latham (1874. to 1878), Thomas McMillen (1877 to 1883), Enoch W. Phillips (1878 to 1881), George Love (1879 to 1882), Lindley M. Branson (1882), Jackson Rea (1882 to 1884), John Miller (1882 to 1886), Michael B. Firebaugh (1883 to 1890), Robert B. Moore (1884 to 1891), Andrew Smith (1886 to 1891), John W. Spiker (1890 to 1896), William C. Adams (1891 to 1897); Thomas H. Ryder (1892 to 1898), John H. Pittis (1896 to ___ ), John C.. Patton (1897 to ____), Henry P. Worstel. (1897 to ___ ). Surveyors-James McMillan (1820 to 1825); Abner Hixon (1825 to. 1830, and 1834 to 1837), Curtis W. Scoles (1833 to 1834), Daniel Morris (1837 to 1840), Samuel McCormick (1840 to 1847), Daniel Spencer (1847 to 1819), Samuel Bcll (1849), Jacob Jarvis (1849 to 1894), Benjamin Green (1894 to ___ ). Congressmen-Daniel Kilgore (1834 to 1838), John A. Bingham (1855 to 1863, and 1865 to 1873). Members State Board of Equalization-Walter Jamison (1850), Carleton A. Skinner (1890). Membcrs of Constitutional Conventions.-Samuel Moorehead (1850 51), Josiah Scott (1850-51), William G. Waddle (1872-73). Prominent Attorneys, who have been or are now members of the Harrison County Bar-Walter B. Beebe, Edwin M. Stanton, Chauncey Dewey, Thomas L. Jewett, Samuel W. Bostwick, Samuel A. Russell, Samuel G. Peppard, Josiah Scott, Joseph Sharon, Jesse H. McMath, Lewis Lewton, Josiah M. Estep, David Cunningham, David A. Hollingsworth, John S. Pearce, Walter G. Shotwell. Natives or residents of Harrison county who have attained a National reputation-Edwin M. Stanton, Bishop Matthew Simpson, General George A. Custer, John A. Bingham, Thomas L. Jcwett, Frank Hatton. The towns and villages of Harrison county wcre organized as follows : Bowerstown (first called Bowersville) was platted by David Bowers, 8 114 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Henry Hoover, and Nathaniel Bowers, Aug. 21, 1852; plat filed, Aug. 22, 1852. Brownsville was platted by. Absalom Kent, Jr., Dec. 20, 1815; plat filed Dec. 22, 1815. Cadiz was platted by Zaccheus A. Beatty and Zaccheus Biggs, Oct. 29, 1804; plat filed in Jefferson county, Oct. 29, 1804; in Harrison county, May 24, 1813. Deersville was platted by John Cramblett, Nov. 25, 1815; plat filed, Dec. 19, 1815. Fairview (Jewett) was platted by John Stahl, Dec. 5, 1851; plat filed, Jan. 9, 1852. Franklin was platted by John Marshall, March 4, 1837; plat filed, March 7, 1837. Freeport was platted by William Melton, Daniel Easly, and Jonathan Bogue; plat filed in s Tuscarawas county, March 7, 1810, in Harrison county, 185 (Mason's Journal, quoted on another page, states that Freeport was laid out some seighteen months before his visit there, which .was made in October, 1819). Georgetown was platted by George Riggle; plat filed, Sept. 3, 1814. Harrisville was platted by John Wells, Thomas Gray, Store Hutchinson, and Robert Dutton, Oct. 19, 1814; plat filed, Jan. 9, 1815. Hopedale was platted by Cyrus McNeely, Oct. 15, 1849; plat filed, July, 30 1851. Jefferson was platted by Frederick Zollers December, 1815; plat filed, Jan. 3, 1816. Jewett, see Fairview. Masterville was platted by G. W. Holmes in 1851. Moorefield was platted by Michael Moore and Gabriel Cane, Dec. 15, 1815; plat filed, Dec. 27, 1815. New Athens was platted by Rev. John Walker and John McConnell, Feb. 10, 1817; plat filed, Feb. 10, 1817. New Hanover was platted by John Fisher, Aug. 13, 1812; plat filed, July 25, 1834. New Market (Scio) was platted March 30, 1852. New Rumley was platted by Jacob Custer; plat filed, Aug. 16, 1813. Pennsville was platted by Joseph H. Penn, Oct. 30, 1851; plat filed, Jan. 8, 1852. Scio, see New Market. HARRISON COUNTY IN 1813 - 115 Smyrna was platted by Samuel Burrows, Aug. 4, 1817; plat filed, Aug. 4, 1817. Tippecanoe was platted by Alfred Heacock, Dec. 8, 1840; plat filed, Dec. 22, 1840. 116 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY CHAPTER IX. HARRISON COUNTY SETTLERS IN 1813. Following are the names of some of the early settlers and non-resident land-owners of Harrison county (outside of Cadiz village) up to and including the year 1813. This was the year in which Harrison county was erected, its territory before that time being comprised in Jefferson county. This list includes the names of all those who had land patents issued by the United States Government before 1815; and it is from thc dates of these that many of the dates in the list are taken. Nearly all of these patents were issued after 1804; although, as a matter of fact, in almost every case, settlement and improvements had been made on the land by the patentee or his assignor, from one to five years before. The first lands sold in Harrison county after the opening of the land office in Steubenville were under a credit system, which gave the purchaser four years, time after the date of his entry to make his payments; and patents were not issued until the payments had been completed. In some cases time of payment was extended for some years beyond the original period, so that the patent may have been dated several years after settlement was begun. A full list of all Harrison county land patents issued by the United States will be found in the latter part of this volume. Several dates in the following list are taken from the old township book of Short Creek township, an abstract of which was prepared by Mr. Oliver Cope, and printed in the Cadiz Republican near the close of the year 1895. Other dates, particularly those prior to 1804, are taken from family histories and records, and not to be relied upon absolutely. In this regard the list is not so full or correct as could be desired, and the HARRISON COUNTY SETTLERS IN 1813 - 117 writer regrets that the data at his command does not include more of the early settlers of Harrison county. In Archer Township before 1814.-Samuel Amspoker, 1803; William Anderson, 1811; Comfort Arnold, 1810; from Pennsylvania; Daniel Blair, 1812, from Somerset county, Pa.; William Barnhill, 1811; John P. Pond, 1811; Samuel Boyd, 1812; John Busby, before 1812, from Maryland; Zebediah Cox, 18f0; Alexander Crawford, 1808, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Edward Crawford, 1806, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Devore, 1811; Andrew Endsley, 1810; David Endsley, 1808; John Endsley, 1810; Andrew Farrier, 1808; Samuel Ferguson, 1812; George Fisher, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; James Fisher, 1811; Isabella Haggerty, 1811; George Harriman, 1811, from Washington county, Pa; Thomas Hitchcock, before 1809, from Maryland; Gabriel Holland, before 1812, from Maryland; Peter Kail, 1810; Isaac Lemastors, 1813, from western Virginia; William Lisle, 1811; Joseph McClain, 1812, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; William McCreery, 1811, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Robert McKee, before 1811, from Fayette county, Pa.; Alexander McKittrick, 1813, from Washington county, Pa.; Robert Meeks, 1812; David Moody, 1813; Hugh Orr, 1812, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Isaac Osburn, 1809; Charles Porter, 1813; Arthur Reed, 1810, from Pennsylvania; John Roush, 1812; James Steward, 1813, from Washington county, Pa.; William Wartembe, 1807, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; John Welch, about 1804, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Williams, 1812, from Brooke county, (West) Va. In Athens Township before 1814.-Simpson Bethel, 1806, from Loudoun county, Va.; Stacy Bevan, 1811; Jacob Black, Sr., 1808, from Fayette county, Pa.; James Cooke, before 1810, from Washington county, Pa.; Joseph Covert, 1813, from Fayette county, Pa.; William Crawford, 1809; David Cunningham, 1811, from Fayette county, Pa.; Joshua Dickerson, 1811, from Fayette county, Pa.; David Drake, 1806; Adam Dunlap, before 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Dunlap, 1812, from Fayette county, Pa.; William Dunlap, 1806, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Fagley, 1810; Samuel Foster, 1813, from Allegheny county, Pa.; Thomas Gordon, 1811; Samuel Hanna, 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; Joseph Hollaway, 1810; Samuel Hutchison, 1810, from Chester county, Pa.; Robert Innis, 1812, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Samuel Jumpes, 1812; Samuel s Knight, 1808; Job Lewis, 1811; John Loney, 1812; John Love, 1808, from Washington county, Pa.; John McAdams, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; George McConnell, 1805, 118 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY from Washington county, Pad; John McConnell, 1806, from Washington county; Pa.; John McCoy, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; Thomas McCoy, before 1810, from western Virginia; Robert McCracken; 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; James McDowell, 1806, from Fayette county, Pa; John McDowell, 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; Samuel McDowell, Jr., 1806, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Maholm, 1812; Alexander Moore, 1813; Nathaniel Parramour, 1811; Caleb Pumphrey, 1808; Johns Reed, 1812; Nathans Shepherd, 1807,s from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Roger Toothaker, 1811; Jacob Webb, 1806, from Fayette county, Pa. In Cadiz township before 1814 (Exclusive of Cadiz Village.)-John Agnew, 1807, from Washington county, Pa.; Reuben Allen, 1812, from Maryland; James Allison, about 1810; George Barricklow, 1812, from Fayette county, Pa.; Henry s Barricklow, 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; Valentine Barriger, 1813, from. Adams county, Pa.; Arthur Barrett, 1808, from Frederick county, Va.; John Baxter, 1812, from Allegeheny county, Pa.; Zaccheus A. Beatty, 1804; Zaceheuss Biggs, of Steubenville, 1806; John Blair, before 1810; Rannel Blair, 1809, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Thomas Burkhead, 1812; Samuel Carnahan, 1806; Joshua Cecil, 1813; Nathan Chaney, 1805, from Virginia; Robert Cochran, before 1805, from Allegheny county, Pa.; Samuel Dunlap, 1805, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Eagleson, 1813, from Maryland; Abraham Furney, before 1805, from Germany; John Gilchrist, 1811; from Fayette county, Pa.; Francis Gilmore, 1808; Samuel Gilmore, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county, Pa.; William Grimes, 1813; Jesse sHaines, 1811; James Haverfield, before 1810, from Huntingdon county, Pa.; Samuel Heavlin, 1812; Samuel Hedges, before 1810, from Virginia; Alexander Henderson, 1813, 'from Pennsylvania; John Jamison, before 1.805, from Hopewell township, Washington county; Absolom Kent, 1805, from Fayette county, Pa.; George Leporth, 1806; Samuel McDowell, 1811; John McFadden, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county, Pa.; Joseph McFadden, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county, Pa.; John McMillan, 1807; Andrew McNeely, before 1805, from Berks county, Pa.; James Mahon, 1812; Arthur Martin, 1813, from Lancaster county, Pa.; Matthew Mitchell, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; John Morris, 1813, from western Virginia; John Oglevee, before 1805, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Perry, 1813; James Porter, before 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; Samuel Porter, before 1805, from Washington county, HARRISON COUNTY. SETTLERS IN 1813 - 119 Pa.; Joseph Rogers, 1808, from Maryland; William Rogers, 1811, from Maryland; Adam Ross, 1804, from York county, Pa.; John Ross, 1804, from Pennsylvania ; Joseph Steer, 1805; .James Stewart, 1812; David Thompson, about 1814, from countys Tyrone, Ireland; Elizabeth Toole, 1810; Bazaleel Wells, of Steubenville, 1806; Charles D. Wells, 1813; Robert Wilkin, before 1802, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Wilson, 1812, from Brooke county, (West) Va. In Franklin Township before 1814.--Walter Craig, 1809; William Craig, 1809, from Washington county, Pa.; Benjamin Johnson, 1812, from Brooke county (West) Va.; Joel Johnson, 1812, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Joseph Johnson, 1811, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Benjamin Price, before 1805, from New Jersey; Jonathan West, 1811, from Pennsylvania. In Freeport Township before 1814.-Isaac Cadwallader, 1811, from Fayette county, Pa.; Samuel Colvin, 1812, from Washington county, Pa.; Daniel Easley, 1810, from Halifax county, Va.; John Gilmore, 1,810, from New York; John Hollett, about 1806, from Maryland; Berriman McLaughlin, 1808; William Milton, 1812, from Washington county, Pa.; James, John, Richard, Thomas, and William Reeves, 1813; Henry Stevens, 1808. In German Township before 1814.-George Abel, from Loudoun county, Va.; John Abrams, 1811; George Atkinson, 1804, from• Brooke county (West) Va.; Jacob Beckley, 1812; Robert, Birney, 1807, from Chester county, Pa.; Stephen Ford, 1807; William Gallaher, 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; David Gibson, 1809, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Nicholas Gutshall, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; James Hanna, 1810, from Washington county, Pa.; George Hartford, 1809, Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Hazlett, 1812, from Fayette county, Pa.; Henry Heisler, 1806, from Northumberland county, Pa.; Petcr Hesser, 1807; Francis Holmes, 1811; Nathan Johnson., 1812; Jacobs Kail, before 1806, from Pennsylvania; John Kail, before 1810, from Pennsylvania; James Kelly, 1809; Robert Kelly, 1811, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; William Kelly, 1812, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James B. Magrew, 1806, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Peter Markley, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; Benjamin Menyard, 1811; David Miller, 1812. William Nichols, 1813; George Pfautz, 1805, from Cumberland county, Pa.; Frederick Reed, 1807; John Riddle, 1812, from Allegheny county, Pa.; Jacob Sadler, 1806; George Shultz, 1810, from Loudoun county, Va.; Jacob Smyer, 1810; Joseph Sprott, 1806, from 120 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Fayette county, Pa.; Jacob Stees, 1812; Matthias Stohl, 1806; William Wallace, 1809, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Bcnjamin Wheeler, 1806, from Baltimorc county, Md.; Nicholas Wheeler, before 1810, from Maryland; John Winnance, 1812. In Green Township before 1814.-John Baker, before 1805, from Pennsylvania; Henry Barriger, 1813, from Adams county, Pa.; William Birney, 1813; James Black, 1806, from Adams county, Pa.; Anthony Bricker, 1804; George Brokaw, before 1805, from Pennsylvania; John Caldwell, 1808, from Fayette county, Pa.; Alexander Cassil, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; Joseph Clark, 1806, from Westmoreland. county, Pa.; John Craig, 1803, from Donegal township, Washington county, Pa.; John Croskey, before 1805, from New Jersey; Robert Croskey, before 1805, from Pennsylvania ; Robert Davidson, before 1805, from Pennsylvania; Philip Deleny, 1806; Henry Ferguson, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; Archibald Fletcher, 1813, from Adams county, Pa.; James Ford, 1808, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; John Fowler, before 1810, from Maryland; john Fulton, 1806, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Gardner, 1810, from Washington county, Pa.; Hugh Gwynn, 1813; William Hanna, 1805, from Pennsylvania; William Hogg, 1804, from Fayette county, Pa.; William Holmes, before 1804, from Pennsylvania; Joseph Kent, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; John Laughlin, before 1806, from Pennsylvania; Caleb Merryman, 1807, from Baltimore county, Md.; Jane Milligan, 1811, from Adams county, Pa.; Mark Milliken, before 1812, from Pennsylvania; William Moore, before 1805, from Hopewell township, Washington county, Pa.; John Nicodemus, before 1805; John Oldshoe, before 1806; Robert Orr, before 1805, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; William Orr, 1812; Joseph Pumphrey, 1806; William Pumphrey, 1806; John Ramsey, before 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; Thomas :Rankin, 1807; Rev. John Ilea, 1804, from Washington county, Pa.; Johns Shepherd, 1807; Jacob Shepler, S06, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Martin Snyder, before 1805; John Stapler, 1806, from Bucks county, Pa.; Galbreath Stewart, 1805, from West Middletown, Washington county, Pa.; John Taggart, before 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; Hugh Tease, 1806; Edmund Tipton, about 1814; John Wallace, 1804, from York county, Pa.; William Watt, before 1804, from Washingtons county, Pa., Pa.; Bazaleel Wells, of Steubenville, 1805; Daniel Welch, before 1803, from Cecil township, Washington county, Pa.; John Wilson, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; John Young, 1814, from Anne Arundel county, Md. HARRISON COUNTY SETTLERS IN 1813 - 121 In Monroe Township before 1814.—William Baun, 1801; Bernard Bower, 1812; John Bower, 1809; William Constable, 1801; Jacob Easterday, 1811; John Fry, 1813. In Moorefield Township before 1814.—Robert Baxter, 1812; Robert Bell, 1811; John Cadwallader, Jr., 1812; Thomas Crabtree, 1812; Robert Hurton, 1811, from. Ohio county, (West) Va.; Henry Johnson, 1812, from Allegany county, Md.; Joseph and Lemuel Johnson, 1812; William Johnson, 1810, from Allegany county, Md.; John Kennedy, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; Matthew Kennedy, 1811, from Scotland and the District of Columbia; John Knight, 1812; Edward Lafferty, 1810, from Washington county, Pa.; James Lamb, 1810; John Lamb, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; Peter John Lance, 1812; Anne Mifflin, of Philadelphia, 1807; William Ramage, 1808; Thomas Rankin, 1805, from Mt. Pleasant township, Washington county, Pa. Rachel Titus, 1812; Alexander Wilson, before 1810; Israel Wilson, 1811; James Wilson, 1812; Jonathan Wright, 1811. In North Township before 1814.—Jacob Albert, 1811; Martin Bog-hart, 1812, from Somerset county, Pa.; Christian Canaga, 1807, from Somerset county, Pa.; Jacob Canaga, 1807; Philip Creplever, 1812, from Washington county, Pa.; James English 1812 from Fayette county Pa., (Name Miller), John and Philip Firebaugh, 1812, from Somerset county, Pa.; Nancy Forney, 1812, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Peter Forney, 1810, from Somerset county, Pa.; Joseph Gundy, 1812, from Somerset county, Pa.; Joseph Keiser, 1812; Henry Miser, 1811 ;sPeter Smith, 1812, from Somerset county, Pa.; Thomas Yarnell, 1811, from Washington county, Pa. In Nottingham Township before 1814.—William Arnst, 1811; James Caldwell, 1813; George Carothers, 1811, from Washington county, Pa.; John Carson, before 1812, from Maryland; Peter Crabtree, 1812, from western Pennsylvania; William Grist, of West Nottingham township, Chester township, Pa., 1809; Isaac Haines; 1812; Thomas Haines, 1807; John Hines, before 1810, from Westmoreland county, Va.; Benjamin Johnson, 1810, from Allegany county, Md.; John Johnson, 1810; John McCorkle, 1812; William Phillips, of West Nottingham township, Chester township, Pa., 1809; John Pugh, 1807, from Chester county, Pa.; John Richardson, 1813; John Riley, 1812; Jonathan Sayes, 1811. In Ruinley Township before 1814.—Samuel Buchanan, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; David Custer, 1811; Emanuel Custer, 1812. from Allegany county, Md.; George Custer, 1804; from Fayette county, Pa.; Andrew Hendricks, 1812, from Allegany county, Md.; John and 122 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Joseph Hendricks, 1813, from Somerset county, Pa.; Adam Kimmel, 1813; Leonard Kimmel, 1807, from Somerset county, Pa.; John Lowmiller, 1808, from Pennsylvania; Joseph McLain, 1812, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; John Miller, 1806 from Frederick county, Md.; Abraham Noffsker, 1806; Abraham Pittenger, 1813, from New Jersey; John Rough, 181s2; Jacob Turney, 1813. In Short Creek Township before 1814.-John Adams, 1805, from the North of Ireland; Thomas Anderson, before 1805; Joseph Applegate, 1805, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Beatty, 1803; John Beatty, 1803; David Belknap, 1807; Robert Braden, 1802, from Washington county, Pa.; William Brown, 1805, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; James Carrick, 1812, from Adams county, Pa.; Sarah Chambers, 1806, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Joshua Clark, 1808, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Cope, 1813, from Frederick county, Va.; Thomas Crumlcy, 1812, from Virginia; Robert Culbertson, 1811s, from the North of Ireland; Thomas Dickerson, before 1805, from Fayette bounty, Pa.; James Ervin, 1812, from Maryland; James Finney, 1806, from Fayette county, Pa.; John Fuller, 1806; Joseph Gill, 1806; Samuel Hanna, before 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; Simpkins Harryman, 1802, from Maryland; Samuel Haund, 1801; Robert Hill, 1807; Isaac Holmes, about 1800, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; Joseph Holmes, about 1800; Ellis Hoopes, 1812; Nathan Hoopes, 1809; Joseph Huff, before 1800, from Brooke county, (West) Va.; John Hurford, before 181s0, from Culpepper county, Va.; Abner Hutton, 1805; Jonathan Jessop, 1806; John Johnson, 1807, Westmoreland county; William Johnson, about 1804, from Pennsylvania; Enoch Jones, 1806; James Kerr, 1807, from Adams and Westmoreland countics, Pa.; James McBride, 1809, from Washington county, Pa.; Vincent Metcalf, before 1804; s Baldwin Parsons, 1803; Samuel Primes, 1806; Andrew Ritchey, Jr., before 1805, from York and Washington counties, Pa.; Charles Richey, 1805, from Washington county, Pa.; John Ritchey, about 1807, from York and Washington counties, Pa.; Richard Ridgway,s 1803; James Roberts, before 1806; Hugh Rogers, 1806, from Washington county, Pa.; William Rouse, 1s805; William Sherrod, 1804; John Singer, about 1808, from Virginia; William Smith, 1812; Benjamin Stanton, 1803; Silas Stephen, about 181s0; Jacob Styers, 1812; Jonathan Taylor, 1813; Bradway Thompson, 1804, from Washington county, Pa.; Isaac Thomas, 1812; Thomas and William Thorn, 1806; Joseph Townsend, about 1812, from Bucks county, Pa.; Nathan Updegraff, 1806; Thomas Vanbuskirk, 1804; HARRISON COUNTY SETTLERS IN 1813 - 123 Joseph Vanlaw, 1805, from Burlington county, N. J.; William Walraven, before 1805; John Wells, 1806; Ezra Wharton, 1806, from Bucks county, Pa.; William Wiley, 1804, from Washington county, Pa.; Michael Yost, 1806, from Frederick county, Va.; Charles Young, 1805, from Washington county, Pa. In Stock Township before 1814.—Michael Conaway, before 1810; James Hoagland, 1811; Isaac Johnson, 1812; Williams Johnson, 1812; Hugh McDonough, 1812; Alexander Moore, 1811; Charles Prather, of Brooke county, Va., 1811; John Simpson, before 1810, from Washington county, Pa.; Aquila Tipton, before 1812; George Venamon, 1809, from Washington county, Pa. In Washington Township before 1814.—John Henry Carver, 1812, from Germany; John Cooper, 1813; Lewis Davidson, 1809, from Fayette county, Pa.; Nathaniel Gilmore, 1811; Jesse Huff, 1811; John Huff, 1812; William Huff, 1810; Robert Parks, 1810. Besides the names given above, a list of the first lot-owners in the town of Cadiz will be found in connection with the account of its early settlement; and, as stated before, a complete list of the Government land patents issued for lands in Harrison county, is given in another portion of this book. There were many early settlers in the county, however, who did not get their land directly from the Government, but bought it at second-hand from the original pre-emptors. The names of some of these are given in the following supplementary list, covering the period from 1814 to 1829, inclusive. This list is very incomplete; and it is a matter of regret that more reouords are not available to the writer. But such as have been obtained are here given; although many families will find the names of their pioneer ancestors missing, when they properly deserve a place in such a list as this : John Adams, Freeport, before 1812, from Erie county, Pa; Thomas Adams, Cadiz, 3815, from Pennsylvania; George Addleman, Monroe, 1820, from Greene county, Pa.; James Aiken, German, 1826, from Washington county, Pa.; John Alexander, Freeport, 1828, from county Antrim, Ireland; John Arbaugh, Rumley, about 1820, from Maryland; Johr Archbold, Archer, 1814, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; David Barclay, Moorefield, about 1826, from county Derry, Ireland; James Barnes, Athens, 1824; Zenas Bartow, North, 1819, from Washington county, N. Y.; Samuel P. Baxter, Green, 1821, from Fayette county, Pa.; James P. Beall, Nottingham, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; Sampson Beatty, Archer, before 1826, from the North of Ireland; Samuel Beck, Freeport, 124 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY 1814; Petcr Barger,. Cadiz, 1818; Joseph Bernhard, Short Creek, 1814, from Chester county, Pa.; Hugh Birney, Green, before 1820, from the North of Ireland and Chester county, Pa.; Samuel Borland, North, 1819, from Westmoreland county; Pa.; James Bradford; Cadiz, before 1821, from Washington county, Pa.; Benjamin Brindley, Archer, 1825, from Harford county, Md.; John Cadwallader, Freeport, 1814; Joseph Cadwallader, Freeport, 1814; John Cady, Cadiz; 1824, from county Tyrone, Ireland; John Campbell, Green, before 1822, from Pennsylvania; Erasmus Cannon, Athens, 1815, from Harford county, Md.; John Cecil, Moorefield, 1819; Philip Cecil, Franklin, before 1823, from Maryland; Robert Christy, Archer, before 1830, from Scotland; Robert Clark, Cadiz, before 1830; James Clements, Cadiz, before 1820, from Maryland; Jacob Condo, German, 1814, from York county, Pa.; Hiram Conwell, Cadiz, before 1816, from Virginia; Caleb and Imla Cooper, Washington, 1814; William Cooper, Washington, 1814; James Copeland, Green, 1816; Thomas Copeland, Green; about 1814; William Coultrap, Stock, 1815, from western Virginia; Nathaniel Crawford, Moorefield, 1814; John Creal, North, 1820, from Maryland; Valentine Creamer, Freeport, 1814; James Cree, Freeport, about 1818, from Pennsylvania; James Cummings, Monroe, before 1820, from Kent county Del.; Samuel. Curry, Archer, 1821; Jacob Custer, Rumley, before 1816, from Anne Arundel county, Md.; Jacob Dennis, Green, before 1830, from New Jersey; Chauncey Dewey, Cadiz, 1821, from Norwich, Conn.; Henry Dillon, Archer, 1814; James Endsley, Archer, 1817, from Lancaster county, Pa.; David Firebaugh, North, before 1817, from Pennsylvania; John Firebaugh, North, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; John Ford, Nottingham, before 1820, from Fayette county, Pa.; William Foreman, German, 1818; Jesse Forsythe, Washington, 1825, from Fayette county; Pa.; Alexander Foster, German, 1815; George Foster, 1816, from England; John Fowler, North, before 1820, from Pennsylvania; John Fulton, Green, 1816, from Harford county, Md.; Philip Fulton, Nottingham, before 1820, from Maryland; James McC. Galbraith, German, 1814, from Cumberland county, Pa.; Abram Gaudy, before 1810, from Maryland; Hezekiah Garner, Nottingham, 1818, from Maryland; John Green, Freeport, .1825, from the North of Ireland; Robert Guttry, Moorefield, 1814; William Guttery, Athens, 1815; Elijah Guyton, Nottingham, about 1826, from Maryland; Edward Hagan, Short Creek, 1815, from Adams county, Pa.; W. P. Hall, Archer, about 1815; Samuel W. Hamill, Monroe, 1828, from the North of Ireland; Francis H. Hamilton, Cadiz, 1820, HARRISON COUNTY SETTLERS IN 1813 - 125 from the North of Ireland; Joshua Hamilton, Cadiz, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; James Hanna, German, about 1816, from Washington county, Pa.; John Hanna, Cadiz, 1814, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Robert Hanna, Green, 1814; Hezekiah Harrison, Green, 1820, from Maryland; John Harrison, North, 1816, from Yorkshire, England; Christopher Hartley, North; about 1820, from England;s John Haverfield, Cadiz, 1817; Joseph Haverfield, Cadiz, 1817; James Hawthorne, Short Creek, before 1830, from the North of Ireland; John Heberling, Short Creek, 1823, from Berkeley county, Va.; John Hefting, Washington, 1821; Henry Hemry, Archer, 1815; John Henderson, Rumley, 1816, from Indiana county, Pa.; Jacob Hendricks, Rumley, 1814; Thomas Hidey, Rumley, 1830; Leonard Hilton, 1826, from Maryland; Rudolph Hines, 1814, from Germany; Samuel Hitchcock, 1808; Robert Holliday, Freeport, 1815, from the North of Ireland and Westmoreland county, Pa.; Henry Houser, Cadiz, before 1825; Edward Huston, Moorefield, before 1830, from Pennsylvania; Solomon Insley, Franklin, 1816, from Maryland; Andrew Jamison, Green, before 1825, from Pennsylvania; William Jenkins, Washington, 1814, from Nova Scotia; Alexander Johnson, German, 1814; from county Tyrone, Ireland, and Pennsylvania; Derrick Johnson, Moorefield, 1814; Samuel R. Johnson, Monroe, 1824, from Maryland and South Carolina; Daniel Kilgore, Cadiz, before 1815, from Pennsylvania; John Kimmel, North, 1814; Charles Kinsey, Cadiz, before 1820, from Bucks county, Pa.; Hugh Kirkpatrick, Athens, 1818; James Kirkpatrick, Athens, 1821, from Cecil county, Md. and Washington county, Pa.; William Knox, Cadiz, before 1813, from the North of Ireland and Maryland; John S. Lacey, Cadiz, 1816, from Sussex county, Del.; Samuel Lafferty, Moorefield, 1814, from Washington county, Pa.; James Laughridge, North, before 1820, from the North of Ireland; John Law, Monroe, 1826; from the North of Ireland; George Lewis, Rumley, about 1818, from England; Jacob Long, Moorefield, 1816; Robert Lyons, Cadiz, 1819, from Pennsylvania; George McAdams, Moorefield, 1815; James McAfee, Rumley, 1823, from Washington county, Pa.; James McAfee, North, 1828, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Joseph McBeth, Monroe, 1829, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; John McClery, Green, 1814; John McClintock, Nottingham, 1830; Robert McConnell, Washington, 1814, from Pennsylvania; James McDivitt, (NANA M.) North, 1820, from Pennsylvania; Samuel McFadden, Cadiz, 1815; 'Robert McFarland, Athens, before 1824; John McMillan, Nottingham, 1818, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Maddox, Short Creek, 1825, from Virginia; 126 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Joseph Maholm, Cadiz, 1814; Emanuel Mallernee, Nottingham, 1829, from Maryland; Allen Manly, Green; before 1817; Thomas Marquis, Athens, before 1823; Arthur Martin, Archer, before 1817, from the North of Ireland; and Lancaster county, Pa.; Peter Martin, Green, 1823, from Virginia; Abraham Mattern, Green, before 1830, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; John Megaw, North, 1816, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Micajah Merryman, Cadiz, before 1820, from Maryland; Alexander Millekin, Cadiz, 1815; John Mitchell, Archer, before 1816, from Maryland; John Mitchell, Cadiz, before 1828, from Washington county, Pa.; Ezekiel O'Bryan, Moorefield, 1814; Alexander Osburn, Athens, 1815, from Westmoreland county, Pa.; Jane Pattison, Moorefield, 1816; Joseph Patterson, Archer, before 1820, from the North of Ireland; James Patton, Short Creek, 1816, from Pennsylvania; Joseph Patton, Rumley, 1816, from Fayette county, Pa.; Thomas Patton, Green, 1816; Thomas Perry, Moorefield, 1815; John Phillips, Cadiz, before 1828, from West Nottingham township, Chester county, Pa.; Richard Phillips, Washington, 1815, from Pennsylvania; Thomas Phillips, Cadiz, before 1826, from West Nottingham township, Chester county, Pa.; John Pollock, Green, 1814, from Fayette county, Pa.; Joshua Quillan, Freeport, 1815; John Ramsouer, Rumley, before 1820; James Rankin, Athens, 1815; Robert Rankin, Cadiz, 1818; Thomas Richey, Cadiz, 1817; Robert Roberts, German, 1817, from Brooke county, Va.; Robert Robertson, Cadiz, before 1826, from Loudoun county, Va.; John Robison, Franklin, about 1826, from Virginia; William Ross, Archer, 1817; John Rowland, Moorefield, 1815, from York county, Pa.; John Sampson, Stock, 1827, from county Tyrone, Ireland; Adam Swavel, Burnley, 1815; from Pennsylvania; Matthias Schilds, Monroe, 1814; James Scott, Cadiz, 1819, from Yorkshire, England; Thomas Scott, Athens, about 1822, from county Down, Ireland; William Scott, Archer, 1817; Peter Sewell, 1828, from Delaware; George Shambaugh, Rumley, 1817, from Perry county, Pa.; John Sharp, Cadiz, before 1830; John Shivers, Cadiz, before 1816, from Pennsylvania; Hugh Shotwell, Washington, 1814, from New Jersey and Pennsylvania; John Shotwell, Washington, 1814, from Fayette county, Pa.; James Simpson, Green, 1829, from Washington county, Pa.; Samuel Skinner, Moorefield, about 1820, from the Shenandoah valley, Virginia; Andrew Smith, Archer, 1814; Daniel Smith, Stock, 1821; from Huntingdon county, Pa; John Smith, Nottingham, 1818, from the North of Ireland; David Smylie, Cadiz, 1815, from Washington county, Pa.; Johns Sneddeker, German, 1816, from Washington county, Pa.; John HARRISON COUNTY SETTLERS IN 1813 - 127 Snider, North, before 1824; Eli Sparrow, Green, before 1820, from Maryland; Thomas Sproul, about 1820, from the North of Ireland; Jacob Stahl, Burnley, 1816, from Charles county, Md.; Basil Steel, Washington, 1s815, from Berkeley county, Va., and Pennsylvania; Robert Steel, Moorefield, 1816; Archibald Stewart, Cadiz, 1816, from Pennsylvania; Matthew Templeton, Athens, 1815; Andrew Thomson, Moorefield, 1815, from Washington county, Pa.; Samuel. Thompson, 1813, from Franklin and Westmoreland counties, Pa.; Thomas Thompson, Green, 1816, from Centre county, Pa.; Thomas Thompson, Freeport, 1820, from the North of Ireland; Charles Timmons, Cadiz, 1817, from Berkeley county, Va.; Eli Town, Jr., Freeport, 1814, from Washington county, Pa.; Alexander Urquhart, 1813, from Scotland; Henry Utterback, Cadiz, 1820, from Virginia; Joseph Walker, Stock, 1822, from county Derry, Ireland; John Wallace, Moorefield, 1822, from York county, Pa.; Samuel Welsh, Archer, 1814; John Weyandt, Monroe, about 1817, from Washington county, Md., and Somerset county, Pa.; John Whan, 1815, from Chester, Northumberland, and Washington counties, Pa.; Ezra Wharton, Short Creek, 1818, from Bucks county, Pa.; Isaac Wheldon, Freeport, 1814; Joseph White, Nottingham, about 1818, from Maryland; Archibald Wilkin, Washington, before 1818, from Pennsylvania; Isaac Wood, Archer, 1814; Jonathan Worrall, Short Creek, 1815; David Wortman, North, 1825; John Wylie, German, before 1818. 128 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY CHAPTER X. CRABAPPLE AND UNITY CHURCHES. While Beech Spring was the first Presbyterian church organized within the present limits of Harrison county, the congregation of CRABAPPLE, composed largely of Harrison county people, and for five years united with Beech Spring under the same pastoral charge, was gathered some three or four years before that of the latter. Crabapple church is situated in Wheeling township, Belmont county, about two miles south of New Athens, and a short distance north from Uniontown. Near here, at the beginning of the present century, the settlers were perhaps more numerous than in any other part of the county. The most of them had come from Washington and Fayette counties, Pennsylvania; and for some years before 1800 the Presbytery of the Ohio, whose members were then chiefly stationed in Washington county, had sent nearly every one of their number on missionary tours to the new settlements in the Western Territory, as Ohio was then called. Among these ministers were Rev. John McMillan, Joseph Patterson, and Elisha Macurdy, the first named being one of the earliest Presbyterian ministers to settle west of the Allegheny mountains, and at that time perhaps the most prominent. On October 17, 1898, Rev. Joseph Anderson was licensed by this Presbytery, and at the same time appointed to visit the settlements west of the Ohio river, and to preach at " Indian Wheelin Creek " (St. Clairsville), on the fourth Sabbath of October, and at " Indian Short Creek" (Mt. Pleasant), on the first Sabbath of November. He continued to sup- CRABAPPLE CHURCH - 129 ply these churches occasionally, and on October 15, 1799, at a request of a committee from these churches, the Presbytery appointed Mr. Anderson as a stated supply for one year. On April 15th of the following year, however, a call from the united congregations of Indian Wheeling Creek (now first called Richland, and later, St. Clairsville), Short Creek (Mt. Pleasant), and Cross Roads (Crabapple), was made for the pastoral services of Mr. Anderson, and accepted by him. Isis. ordination took place at Cross Roads, Western Territory, on August 20, 1800; Presbytery having met at that place the day before. This is sometimes erroneously stated' to have been the first ordination of a Presbyterian minister in what s is now the State of Ohio; but such is not the case, Rev. James Kemper having been ordained and installed, at Cincinnati, by the Presbytery of Transylvania, as early as October 23, 1792. It was, however, the first or- dination by the Presbytery of Ohio within the present limits of that state. Mr. Anderson was a member of the church of Upper Buffalo, in Hopewell township, Washington county, Pennsylvania, and probably pursued: his studies in part at the Canonsburg Academy. He was a man of deep, and abounding zeal, a faithful and devoted laborer, and in an eminent. sense, 'a pioneer. Within two years after his installation, Cross Roads. (Crabapple) ceased to be a part of his charge, owing doubtless, to in- creased labors resulting from his rapidly growing congregations. In April, 1813, his pastoral relation to Short Creek (Mt. Pleasant) was dissolved; but in 1820, Short Creek is again coupled with Richland in Presbytery's report to Synod. In 1827, Richland is first reported as St. Clairsville, and in 1829, is reported as his sole pastoral charge. He was released. October 3, 1830; and in June, 1835, he was dismissed to the Presbytery of St. Charles. His death occurred at Monticello, Mo., in 1847, in the eightieth year of his age. Mr. Anderson's wife was a daughter of Rev. Joseph Smith, first pastor of Cross Creek and Upper Buffalo churches, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Robert McCullough and William McCullough were the first ruling elders in Crabapple church. In this capacity, Robert McCullough represented the infant congregation in as meeting of the Synod of Virginia held at Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1800; and he also attended the meeting of s the Presbytery of Ohio in the following year. The organization of the church, nevertheless, seems to have become dormant in 1802, and .so continued for a year or More. In the spring of 1804, however, in union, with the newly organized congregation of Beech Spring, Crabapple presented. 9 130 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY a call to Rev. John Rea, whose acceptance of the same, and subsequent labors in this field, have already been related in connection with the former sketch of the history of Beech Spring Church. A somewhat different account from the above, of the permanent erection. of Crabapple congregation is given by Mr. J. A. Caldwell, in his "History of Belmont and Jefferson counties." Mr. Caldwell says: In the year 1803, Robert and William McCullough sent to Georgetown, Harrison [then Jefferson] county, Ohio, for Samuel Hanna, to " come up and help " them to form a " praying society." He came, and from this germ planted in the wilderness, sprang Crabapple Presbyterian Church, the first and largest church organization in Wheeling township, Belmont county, Ohio. The first sermon was preached by the Rev. John Rea, and the church organized with forty members, in 1804, by Rev. Joseph Anderson and Dr. [Samuel] Ralston, a committee sent by the Presbytery of Ohio. The early records are lost, but the following families were among the first members: The McCulloughs, McKibbons, Campbells, Snedekers, Brokaws, and Merritts. The first bench of elders was composed of William McCullough, Robert McCullough, and Daniel [David] Merritt. While the account is probably correct, so far as it goes, yet, undoubtedly it refers to the second organization of the church. Rev. Joseph Anderson had certainly gathered the nucleus of the congregation here as early as 1799, and it seems to have continued as one of his preaching stations for two or three years afterwards. The records of the Presbytery of Ohio show a meeting of Presbytery at Cross Roads, Western Territory, as Crabapple was then called, on Aug. 19, 1800, as stated above. At this meeting were present, Revs. John McMillan, James Hughes, John Brice, and Thomas Marquis, all well-known ministers of Washington county, Pennsylvania, and elders, Samuel Dunlap and John Irwin. On Wednesday, August 20th, "Presbytery proceeded to the ordination of Mr. Joseph Anderson, and by fasting and prayer, and with the laying on of the hands of the Presbytery, solemnly ordained him to the holy office of the gospel ministry, and installed him pastor of the united churches of Richland, Short Creek, and Cross Roads, W. T." Dr. McMillan preached on this occasion, from 2d Corinthians, v. 20; and Rev. Johns Brice gave the charge. Mr. Anderson relinquished the charge of Crabapple in 1802, as stated above;s and in August, 1805, was succeeded by Rev. John Rea,. An account of Mr. Rea's five years, ministration here has been given in CRABAPPLE CHURCH - 131 the sketch of Beech Spring Church, which during that period was united with Crabapple as one pastoral charge. At the end of five years (in April, 1310), he withdrew from Crabapple, that he might give all his labors to the Beech Spring congregation. The Crabapple division of his charge had become too laborious for him, spreading over a district of nearly fourteen miles square; for the territory of the future churches of New Athens, Morristown, and Nottingham was within its bounds. The latter was then a mission station, under the care of the pastor and elders of Crabapple. The following extracts from the records of the Presbytery of Ohio will give us an idea of the strict orthodoxy of the early fathers of Crab-- apple congregation; and it is possible they may also furnish one of the reasons for Mr. Rea's withdrawal from the charge of this congregation. “The Presbytery met at Cross Roads, in Washington county, Pa., on October 10th, 1808.s On Friday, October 21st, "Samuel Hannah, a member of Crabapple congregation, appeared in the Presbytery with the following charge: "The Reverend John Rea is hereby charged with preaching and circulating heterodox sentiments at the following places, viz., at Crabapple, the Sabbath on or about the 20th of April last, and on Monday at Samuel Hannah's, at an examination: That the Covenant of Grace was not made with Christ, but with man only, and that man promises faith and repentance on his part; and maintains, that if the Covenant of Grace was made with Christ, he could not be the' Mediator of it. "The Presbytery agreed to take up the charge, and ordered the parties to appear before them at their next meeting, prepared to have the matters brought to an issue." Upper Buffalo, December 21st, 1808. "The Presbytery proceeded to the consideration of the charge which was at the last meeting brought by Samuel Hannah against the Revd. John Rea. The charge being read, Mr. Rea denied that ever he had taught as stated in the charge." Witnesses were accordingly sworn and examined, William and Robert McCulloch on that day, and Andrew Ackelson and William Wylie on the day following. Presbytery then "ordered Mr. Rea to prepare a written explanation of his sentiments." On the 23d, "Mr. Rea brought in a written explanation of his sentiments, which being read and considered, the Presbytery proceeded to consider the several items in the charge; and judged that they were not supported by the testimony." 132 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Rev. Thomas B. Clark, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Hartford," was ordained and installed pastor of Crabapple in 1811, preaching one- fourth of his time at the Nottingham mission station; and continued until 1818, when his relation to this charge was dissolved. The third. pastor was Rev. Samuel Cowles, who was installed in 1819, and continued seven years. After Mr. Cowles, there occurred as vacancy of several years, supplied from variouss sources; and then Mr. Jacob Coon, a licentiate of the Presbytery of Washington, preached as a candidate for settlement, received and accepted a call, and in 1834 was ordained and installed. He remained four years. Rev. Moses Allen was the fifth pastor. of the church. He studied theology under his father-in-law, Dr. John McMillan, and was licensed to preach by the presbytery of Ohio in 1807. He remained for thirtys years in ,the :bounds of that Presbytery, and then removed to the state of Ohio, where she, was installed as pastor of Crabapple church in 1839. He continued in this relation from that time until his death, a period of seven years. In Jane, 1847, Rev. McKnight Williamson was installed pastor of this church, and remained for five years and nine months. He was suc- ceeded by Rev. William R. Vincent, who served for thirteen years. Mr. Vincent was followed in succession by John P. Caldwell (1869-1872), T. J. Milford (187471882), and George S. Hackett (1883). The first structure. used by Crabapple Church as a place of worship was a so-called "tent," being nothing more than a rude pulpit, erected in the forest, possibly built against the side of a tree, and withs a small projecting roof or hood of clap-boards, designed to protect the minister' and his bible from the sun and rain. His congregation usually stood around in groups,. or seated themselves on the grass, or on fallen logs. Soon afterwards, a log house was built which later was succeeded by a brick building, and this in turn gave place to a frame structure, which has continued in use since its erection. About the year 1835, under the ministrations of Rev. Jacob Coon, Crabapple church sseems to have reached the flood-tide of its prosperity. Its communicants then numbered over three hundred, with a Sabbath school of some two hundred members.s Revs. William M. Grimes, Thomas R. Crawford, James Grimes, Robert Armstrong, Robert Tannehill, and Joseph Lyle were reared in this church, and received their early religious training in its Sabbath school. UNITY CHURCH - 133 UNITY CHURCH. The first sermon preached to the families of this congregation was delivered by Rev. Joseph Scroggs, about the year 1812-13. As Dr. Scroggs was not licensed by his Presbytery until October, 1813, it is possible the date of his visit may not have been until after that event. The church was regularly organized as an Associate Presbyterian congregation by Rev. John Walker, in 1814, and at that time consisted perhaps of no more than eight families, whose heads were as follows : John Trimble, James Cook, Robert McCracken, Alexander McCall, Robert Hammond, John Love, Thomas Love, and John McCaskey. The first bench of elders was composed of Messrs. John Trimble, Robert McCracken, Alexander McCall, and Robert Hammond. Of the first minister of this congregation, more than a passing notice is required; as few men have had a greater or more beneficial influence upon the moral welfare of the county, than John Walker. He was born in 1786, in Washington county, Pennsylvania; was educated at Jefferson College, and studied Theology with Dr. John Anderson, at Service, Pa.; was licensed in the summer of 1809 by the Presbytery of Ohio, and ordained July 11, 1811, by the same; served as pastor of Mercer and connections in Pennsylvania, until September 14, 1814; was installed over Unity, Mt. Pleasant, and Cadiz, in the summer of 1815., As his congregations increased, be resigned Cadiz in 1818, but retained the others until his death, which occurred March 8, 1845, from erysipelas. He was not distinguished for scholarship, but ,possessed an exceedingly enthusiastic temperament, which made him very energetic and active in his labors. He was a pioneer in the temperance cause, even to total abstinence; was very decided in his opposition to Free Masonry; and was intensely bitter in his hostility to slavery. He was always ready, even anxious, to defend his views, and oppose what he regarded as error. Hence, he was engaged in a number of public discussions, the most memorable of which was that with Alexander Campbell, the founder of the Campbellite Baptists. Mr. Walker desired to establish a classical school in Harrison county, and as none of the villages would take hold of the matter, he, in connection with a neighbor, laid out a town upon the adjacent portions of their farms, which they named New Athens. Here he started a classical school, and rested not until he succeeded in getting from the Legislature the charter of Franklin College. He studied medicine in his youth, and practiced more or less in an amateur way during his whole ministry. In later, years he felt a necessity to open a regular practice. The 134 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Durning of his house, together with a boundless hospitality, and a general financial mismanagement, made him very poor. For some time before securing the charter for his college, he conducted it as an academy in New Athens, under the name of the "Alma Mater," in active rivalry with a similar institution carried on by Rev. Donald McIntosh, in Cadiz. In the archives of Franklin College is found the record of a single meeting of the trustees of that academy, held on September 28, 1824, the names of the trustees being: Rev. Salmon Cowles (president), John McCracken (secretary), Rev. John Walker, John Whan, John Wylie, Alexander Hammond, Alexander McNary, Daniel Brokaw, and John Trimble. At this time, the project for a charter for the academy at Cadiz was being agitated; but by the superior activity and tact of Mr. Walker, the charter was obtained for the academy at New Athens, under the name of "Alma College." This name was changed at the next meeting of .the Legislature to that of Franklin College. The charter is dated January 22, 1825, and the original incorporators were Revs. John .Rea, Salmon Cowles, and John Walker, and Messrs. David Jennings, William Hamilton, John McCracken, John Wylie, James Campbell, David Campbell, John Trimble, John Whan, Daniel Brokaw,. Alexander McNary, and Alexander Hammond. To these were added by election, at the first meeting of the trustees under this charter, held April 5, 1825, Rev. Thomas Hanna, ,john McGlaughlin, Stephen Caldwell, Joseph Grimes, and Matthew Simpson. At this same meeting of the trustees, the Rev. William McMillan (a nephew of Dr. John McMillan), of Canonsburg, Penna., was elected President, with John Armstrong, of Pittsburg, as Professor of Mathematics; and on June 8th of the same year, the college was formally organized. At the Semi-Centennial Celebration of the organization of Franklin College, held at New Athens, June 23, 1875, Dr. Andrew Finley Ross, then 'president of the institution, sketched the history of the school from its organization; and from his address on that occasion, the following account has been condensed. The leading spirit in the enterprise was Rev. John Walker, a minister of the Secession church. Mr. Walker was a fit son of that particular branch of the church; a church characterized by its zealous orthodoxy and sturdy theology. He was a man of deep conviction upon the subject of equal rights. Hence, he entered into the anti-slavery contest with all the ardor of his impetuous nature, and during that long controversy, was one of the leading anti-slavery spirits of the West. By the superior tact UNITY CHURCH - 135 and energy of Rev. John Walker, the charter of Franklin College was obtained. Dr: William McMillan was elected President, and John Armstrong, Professor of Mathematics. Dr. McMillan was the nephew of Dr. John McMillan, the original founder of Jefferson College at Canonsburg, Penna., of which institution he had been for sometime president. He had thus been associated with and reared under the tuition of that noble band of men, the Smiths, Powers, McMillans, and Ralstons, who were so instrumental in planting the seeds of Presbyterianism and sound learning in the country west of the Alleghenies. John Armstrong was the mathematical oracle of western Pennsylvania. He made all the almanacs, and solved all the mathematical propositions. Learned societies in Europe recognized his attainments by admitting him to their fellowships. What are the results? In this small college, with its two professors, were educated such men as the Hon-. John Welsh, of the Supreme Court of Ohio; the Hon. William Kennon, a member of Congress during Jackson's administration, a friend and adviser of the President; Wilson Shannon, a former governor of Ohio; Dr. Joseph Ray, the well-known mathematical writer, whose works have maintained a longer popularity and gained a wider circulation than perhaps any other mathematical works ever written; besides giving to the church such men as Drs. Johnson, Bruce, Henderson, Walkinshaw. Surely, this is harvest enough for less than seven years. Dr. McMillan died in 1832. [He was followed, in succession, by Revs. Richard Campbell and Johnson Welsh]. In 1837, the Board appointed as president, Dr. Joseph Smith, then pastor of a church in St. Clairsville, the grandson of Rev. Joseph Smith and Dr. James Power, both noted pioneers of Presbyterianism in western Pennsylvania. He was thus from the same stock, and reared under the same tuition with Dr. McMillan. The anti-slavery agitation was becoming more and more intense. The people who attended the ministrations of Rev. John Walker were almost to a man strongly anti-slavery. The Presbyterian General Assembly was divided. The congregation of Crabapple was divided, although Rev. Jacob Coon, the pastor, was strongly anti-slavery. Dr. Smith opposed agitation of the question. Mr. Coon left Crabapple, removed to New Athens, and organized a Presbyterian church. Dr. Smith resigned the presidency, and Mr. Coon was elected in his stead. The majority of the Board was composed of anti-slavery men, but it was not their intention to commit the college to this principle. Coon was succeeded in a year, by Rev. William Burnett, an Associate Reformed 136 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY minister, from near Pittsburgh, but born in South Carolina, and con. servative on the slavery question. He resigned within a twelve-month, followed by Professor Armstrong. In 1840, the Board appointed Rev.s Edwin H. Nevin, President; George K. Jenkins, Professor of Mathematics; and Rev. Andrew Black, Professor of Languages. The members of the Board then resolved to throw themselves entirely upon the side of the anti-slavery sentiment of the country. The place had already come to be regarded as the hot-bed of Abolitionism in eastern Ohio; and Mr. Nevin's eloquent denunciation of the monster iniquity, aided by the hot shot 'of Rev. John Walker, soon began to. tell upon the community. The college had become involved in debt, and the creditors sued for their claims. The anti-slavery men, then in control, were unable to meet these claims, for various reasons, and in consequence, the property of the college was taken in execution, and sold by the sheriff. Thus Franklin College, after her long struggles, found herself without a home. But this was not all. The college edifice, with its appurtenances, was purchased by the colonization, or pro-slavery party, and under the name .of "Providence College," they succeeded in establishing a rival institution. The anti-slavery men, however, were adequate to the crisis, and notwithstanding the demands that had already been made upon their liberality, they at once raised funds for the erection of a building for the accommodation of Franklin College. To secure it from the claims of -the old creditors, yet unliquidated, and for the satisfaction of which their property had been sacrificed, they located their edifice upon their church lot, thus vesting their title in the trustees of the church; and so Franklin College was accommodated with a home. The popular .qualities of President Nevin and his associates in the faculty attracted at once all the students that resorted to the place, and Providence College; after a feeble effort to gain a hold upon the public patronage, was abandoned. The anti-slavery men had now fairly won the field. President Nevin, in having the bell cast for the new college, placed upon it the words: "Proclaim .Liberty Through all the Land." Dr. Nevin. was succeeded in 1845 by Rev. Alexander D. Clark, who remained until 1861. The sons of Franklin College are found occupying high positions all over the land. She has given to the Senate of the United States a Cowan, a Fowler, and a Sharon; and to the House of Representatives, a Kennon, a Bingham, and a Lawrence. She is represented in the halls of medical UNITY CHURCH - 137 science by an Armor; on the Supreme Bench of Ohio, by a Welsh; on that of Alabama, by a Bruce; and' in the theological seminaries of the country, by a Bruce, a Clark, and a Henderson. Seventy-five per cent. of her graduates have entered the Christian ministry, and some of the most distinguished and useful men who adorn the pulpit are found among them. In his "Pathfinders of Jefferson County," Mr. William H. Hunter has recorded considerable of the once forgotten history of the Abolition movement in Ohio, and in referring to that part of the subject connected with Harrison county, he says: "The Short Creek valley, from Cadiz to Mt. Pleasant, and including the region about New Athens and Crabapple church, just over the divide, on the head waters of Wheeling creek, was noted for its warmth of abolition sentiment, from 1820 down to the close of the irrepressible conflict—abolition of slavery, pure and simple; the hard-headed, austere Seceders, the followers of Dr. John Walker, and other ministers of his kind, would tolerate no compromise, and they looked upon Benjamin Lundy's colonization schemes with almost the same disrespect that they would consider any half-way measure proposed by the pro-slavery advocates. Franklin College, founded by John Walker, was long recognized as the fountain-head of the abolition sentiment of eastern Ohio, and it is but natural that the people first to drink of the stream were powerfully influenced; and further, it was in accordance with the eternal fitness of things, that numerous 'underground stations,' so-called because slaves were surreptitiously conveyed along certain routes, kept hid during the day, and hurried during the night season from one station to another, on their way to Canada, should be established in this valley. "Of course, there were stations at the mouth of Short creek, one kept by George Craig, and one by William Hogg. One was kept by Joseph Medill, on Warren Ridge, near Hopewell M. E. Church. There were many in Mt. Pleasant, the slaves being kept during daylight in any of the houses in the village, and there is authority for the statement that one good Friend kept a number of strong negroes. on his farm from corn-planting until after harvest. The house of Rev. Benjamin Mitchell was a noted station, there being a trap-door in the kitchen floor, through which runaway slaves reached a large, holes the ground when slave-hunters were searching the premises. The Updegraff house, a mile west of Mt. Pleasant, and that of David Robinson, west of Trenton, were also well known to the slave on his way to liberty. The Bracken house in Mt. 138 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY Pleasant was so constructed that the negroes could enter an attic by means of a trap-door in the roof, after climbing a ladder. Benjamin Ladd, the Quaker philanthropist, kept the Smithfield station. The one at Lloydstown, named for Jesse and Isaac Lloyd, was kept by Eli Nichols; one at Unity, kept by Rev. John Walker, the courageous Seceder minister; at Hammond's Cross Roads, by Alexander and John Hammond —John Hammond, Jr., and Joseph Rodgers, now of Cadiz, being conductors between this point and Hopedale; one at the house of James Hanna (brother of Rev. Thomas Hanna), near Georgetown; one at the house of Cyrus McNeely (founder of Hopedale College), between Hopedale and Unionvale; one at the house of Judge Thomas Lee, near Cadiz; one at Miller's Station, by David Ward; one at Richmond, by James and William Ladd; and from here, the negroes were conducted to the home of Judge Thomas George, on Yellow creek, and then to Salem, in Columbiana county, from which point they had comparatively safe passage into British possessions." Those who harbored fugitive slaves in those days ran great risks, the penalty being $1,000 fine, and imprisonment. John Walker was succeeded at Unity by Rev. William Wishart, who began his ministry in September, 1847, and served until April, 1868. He was followed, November 30, 1869, by Rev. William G. Waddle. The first meeting-house of Unity congregation was built in 1815, on the site of the present graveyard. The structure was built of round logs, and was twenty-five feet in. size. It had a clap-board roof, and the whole of one end of the house was occupied by the fire-place. This building was very primitive in construction, and defective in ventilation; so that the congregation, in order to avoid the smoke, which filled the room when a fire was burning, worshipped on the outside during the winter season, whenever the weather was sufficiently mild. The second building, made this time of hewn logs, was erected in 1820, and was entered through three different door-ways. This house was built under the direction of Rev. John Walker, near the site of the present building, and was occupied by the congregation until 1833, when a third building, of brick, was erected in its stead. The brick house was fifty-five by sixty-five feet in dimensions, and it is said to have accommodated 500 worshippers. It stood until 1875, when the present frame structure was erected. The congregation reached its greatest period of prosperity about the year 1841, under the ministrations of Rev. John Walker. At that time the membership numbered nearly two hundred and fifty persons,. more than twice its present size. EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ - 139 CHAPTER XI THE EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ. In taking up the history of the early churches of Cadiz, we find that some years elapsed after the town was established before any church organization was made. The Presbyterian worshippers of the community were then included in the congregation of Beech Spring, and ministered to by Rev. John Rea, who undoubtedly preached in Cadiz at private dwellings before 1810. Most of the first settlers who took up lands in the vicinity of Cadiz seem to have been of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian faith, among them being the large families of the McFaddens, Gilmores, Jamisons, and Craigs, from Washington county, Pennsylvania. The membership of this church in America is made up chiefly from descendants of the Scotch-Irish immigrants who came to America from Ulster after the close of the Revolutionary War. More than ninety per cent. of the pre-Revolutionary emigration from Ireland consisted of Presbyterians of the Old School. The later emigrants, on first coming to Pennsylvania, where their relations or friends had settled many years before, found much of the best lands taken in these older settlements. Though at first they settled in the western counties of the Keystone State, they were not satisfied with their condition, but usually took up with the earliest opportunity of bettering it. This came to them With the opening to settlement of the lands in the Northwest Territory; and it was not many months after the land office was opened at Steubenville before many of the choicest tracts in the vicinity of Cadiz were occupied by these Washington county Scotch-Irish. During the time between their removal to Harrison county, and the organization of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church at Cadiz, it is hardly reasonable to suppose 140 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY that they were without occasional religious services. The present United Presbyterian Church of Cadiz, as of other churches of that denomination throughout the country, was formed in 1858, by the union of the two former congregations known as the Associate Presbyterian and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian churches. Prior to the formation of the Second Ohio Associate Reformed Presbytery, in 1824, Cadiz was included in the territory of the Presbytery of Monongahela, and as such was doubtless often visited and preached to by ministers belonging to that Presbytery who were residents of Washington county. And it is reasonable to assume that many of them came as missionaries before the formal organization. of the congregation in 1810. The writer, not having the minutes of Monongahela Presbytery before him, is unable to give any details as to the number or frequency of these early "supplies"; but that they. were provided and paid for, there is no reason to doubt. It is also very probable that a small log church building may have been erected in Cadiz township by this congregation some years before the erection of their meeting-house in Cadiz village. We find from the records of Harrison county, that Lots numbered 58, 59, and 60 in the town of Cadiz (the present residence of Mr. A. H. Carnahan), were deeded on April 16, 1812, to "John McFadden, Samuel Carnahan,s John Craig, William Hamilton, and John Jamison, trustees appointed by the Associate Reformed congregation of Cadiz," for the purpose of a meeting-house for public worship. We can therefore determine positively that prior to the date here given, this congregation was fully organized and able and ready to sustain a minister. An historical sermon was delivered by Rev. W. T. Meloy, D. D., then pastor of the United Presbyterian Church at Cadiz, on August 26, 1876, giving the history of the congregation from the time of the organization of the Associate Reformed church. This history is so full of interest, and contains so much information regarding the subject to which it relates, as to be in every way worthy of permanent preservation; and the historical part of Dr. Meloy's discourse is therefore given here in full: THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church of Cadiz was one of the earliest mission stations west of Pennsylvania. As early as October 10th, 1810, we find. them petitioning the Monongahela Presbytery for supplies: Rev. Buchanan wass appointed to preach in Cadiz the. 2d and 3d Sabbaths of March, 1811. Supplies were afterwards fre- EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ - 141 quently sent them. June 23d, 1813, an application was made to have the Lord's Supper dispensed; Mr. Buchanan was appointed for that service, and to preside at an election of ruling elders in that society. Rev. Buchanan reported to Presbytery, the following September, that Joseph McFadden, George McFadden, William Hamilton, and Robert Orr, had been elected ruling elders. At the same meeting Revs. Riddell and Buchanan were appointed to dispense the supper at Cadiz on the fifth Sabbath of October, 1813, and to attend to the ordination of elders the preceding Friday. On the 30th of October, 1813, Joseph McFadden and Robert Orr were ordained and installed to the eldership. George McFadden declined accepting the office, and William Hamilton was absent. November 10th, 1813, application was made for the moderation of a call by Cadiz, and Upper Wheeling, a society near Uniontown. There was, however, a connection existing between it and Lower Wheeling and Short Creek. Discretionary power was then given to Mr. Buchanan, who was, in general, to be guided by the resolution—"that, provided Lower Wheeling and Short Creek shall satisfy the member who shall be appointed to moderate, that they willingly relinquish the connection existing between them and Upper Wheeling, then, and in that case, he shall proceed to this business.' The minutes of the two subsequent meetings of Presbytery were lost, and the Clerk records such business as he could recall. He forgot to record the report of Mr. Buchanan. The result, however, was, that Mr. Buchanan proceeded to moderate, and Mr. William Taggart was elected Pastor. The first house of worship used by this congregation was a log building, erected on grounds purchased from Zachariah Biggs, situated on the corner of South and Ohio streets. The purchase price was $20. The deed for these lots is on record in Jefferson county. The log building was torn down and a substantial brick erected in 1828. This house was occupied by the congregation until 1870. Its cost cannot now be determined. It was not completed till 1833, when the pews were sold to pay for its completion. The total value of sixty-six pews was $1,812, the lowest being appraised at $10, and the highest at $40. Nearly all the pews were sold, as the amount received was $1,740.67. The Trustees were incorporated by act of Legislature, Feb. 18, 1830, and were John McFadden, Thomas Patton, William Hamilton, David Thompson, and Thomas Bingham. William Haverfield was elected the same year, in place of Thomas Patton, deceased. The building committee were john McFadden, David Thompson, and Thomas Bingham. Mr. Bingham very often advanced money, and generally settled by taking the even hundreds and deducting the odd dollars and cents, for which, doubtless, the congregation felt duly grateful, although no record is made of their expressing it. The building was no doubt one of the best in Cadiz, and was esteemed at the time most eligibly located. Yet why our fathers persisted in erecting store rooms and hotels on front streets and churches out of 142 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY town, or on back streets, it is difficult to tell. They certainly did not advocate the penance of wading unnecessarily through the rich mud of Harrison county, on scriptural or sanitary grounds. It was the custom of the time to spend most of the Sabbath in and about the Church. The forest trees had been cleared away, where the old graveyard now is, but on every side the chestnut and oak and maple afforded a pleasant shade under which to hitch the horses, eat the Sabbath biscuit and discuss the sermon. It is even hinted that in those days there were worldly men, who talked about stock and politics, and women who discussed their neighbors, dresses, and gay young people who arranged for week night meetings that were not strictly ecclesiastical. And to that old grave-yard, now so sadly neglected, the mourner went, Bible in hand, and read over the verses on the new gray sand-stone, now fallen and broken, dropped a flower on the grave where now the briers and old ivy twine together, and with wet eyes turned again to the house of God to hear a reverend pastor tell'of a Savior who is "the Resurrection and the Life." But the mourner and the mourned have met together, the grave encloses both. As already noticed, the first pastor elected was Mr. William Taggart. He, together with Mr. Samuel Findley, had been taken under care of Presbytery as students, on Sept. 5th, 1809. He was licensed Sept. 1st, 1813. He delivered his ordination trials at Cadiz, Nov. 9, 1814. Rev. Findley preached the ordination sermon from 2d Corinthians, ii., 16, "And who is sufficient for these things ;" after which Mr. Taggart was ordained to the office of the holy ministry ;" and installed pastor of the united congregations of Cadiz and Upper Wheeling. He was about thirty-two years old when he began his labors here, and fifty-five when he was released. He gave to this field the years of his vigor. He was a man of very fine reasoning power. He spoke slowly, and at times with apparent hesitation, but when the discourse was completed, antecedent and consequent, premise and conclusion, were bound together by a chain that could not be broken. It must, however, be confessed that Mr. Taggart took ample time for the elucidation of his text. His discourse never fell short of an hour, and frequently reached twice that length. The order in public worship then was to have, after the invocation prayer, the reading and explanation of the psalm. This exercise was as long as a modern sermon, and as it proceeded, more and more of the hidden beauties of Divine truth were displayed. Each thought of God is a deep, and the pastor loved to bring up its treasures, that the people might sing with full hearts. The precentor then gave out, and the people sang one line at a time. It was something- of a departure to mingle bass with the air, but this was occasionally done. On communion Sabbaths, there were long debarrances made, that seemed to shut out the very elect from the table. Tokens of admission to the table were distributed on Saturday, and were brought on Sabbath to the table, where an elder received them. The male portion of the congregation carried the leaden token in the vest pocket, and EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ - 143 the female, carefully tied up in the corner of a snow white 'kerchief, Seated upon rude slabs, the rustic sofa of the early times, Mr. Taggart spoke to the people all the words of this life. Socially he was a man of courteous though dignified demeanor, and was greatly beloved. We must not, however, take the salary paid, or rather promised him, as the measure of the people's affection. Nominally it was $180 for half his time; yet there is a record in the full, clear hand of Thomas Patton, Clerk, that on the 11th of September, 1830, there was owing to, the pastor $663.60. That is, the congregation was less than four years in arrears. On the 2d of June, 1836, we find the following record: "After a careful investigation it was found that there was a balance yet due Mr. Taggart of $1,122." On the 27th of May, 1837, this amount was reduced to $350.50. An excuse for this tardiness that was somewhat amusing, though it might be a terror to rich fathers-in-law, was, that Mr. Taggart had stock in a St. Clairsville bank and had Married a rich wife. The Uniontown church took all of Mr. Taggart's time, and he removed there in 1838. On September 6th, 1865, Rev. William Taggart ceased from his labors. •His body rests in the grave at St. Clairsville. This old and honored servant of God was not called to his reward until the eighty-fourth year of his age. To him the shadows had grown very long, and the rest of the evening time was sweet. In 1838, Rev. Thomas Speer was elected pastor, but declined the call. Two hundred and fifty dollars a year was appropriated for the payment of supplies, and raised by a levy on the pews. On the twenty-seventh of September, 1839, Rev. Parks moderated in a call which was made in favor of Rev. Alexander Wilson, his salary being fixed at $500. His labors began November 1st, 1839. Rev. William Burnett preached the sermon on this occasion, and a copy was requested by the congregation for publication. The women of the church were not in those days supposed to have much to do with its management, as we notice that on January 25th, 1841, it was announced from the pulpit that the "male members" would detain to attend to congregational business. Possibly this may account, in part, for imperfect management, as we certainly would fail to-day without the help and counsel of our sisters. We were not surprised, therefore, to find that the congregation, six months later, appointed a committee to wait upon Mr. Wilson and inquire of him whether he would be willing to accept of $400 as his salary or stipend, after the present year., Charles Warfel, one of the members of that committee, refused to serve, and if he were living I would commend him for it. During the years 1841-42, the male members frequently met and attempted to doctor the salary, which was falling constantly behind. The arrearages were, in '41, $36.76; '42, $93.31,-'43, $116.67. At last the collectors, seemingly in utter despair, resigned, and new ones were appointed. It was then resolved, November 23d, 1844, that these arrearages be assessed on the 144 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY pews. To this plan there must have been serious objections, for on January 27th, 1845, this resolution was repealed. The, male members met in October, 1845, and reported' the following arrearages : 1842, $93.31 ; '43, $109.67; '44, $181.50; '45, $384.00. A report on this subject was presented by S. McFadden, C. Warfel, and M. H. Urquhart. Joseph Braden, Moses Urquhart, John Mitchell, James Patton, Samuel Carnahan, and David Carnahan were chosen singers, and two of them were allowed to rise at one time. The worldly business in which Mr. Wilson was constantly engaged, was some excuse for a low salary, and might have justified a petition for his release, but it was no excuse whatever for neglecting to pay a debt when it fell due. At this time the number of families in this congregation. was seventy-seven, and of communicants, 144. In December, 1850, Mr. Wilson tendered his resignation. The congregation adopted the following, which may seem very strange, so far as the connection between the statement and resolution is concerned: Whereas, it Is the duty of every congregation to support the pastor, and: Whereas, the said congregation has withheld from the said Alexander Wilson that support which a faithful pastor merits; therefore: Resolved, That no objections be made by the congregation to the prayer of said Petition to Presbytery. The congregation then attempted to settle with him on the basis of $300 a year. Mr. Wilson claimed fifty dollars more, and after appealing to Presbytery, his claim was paid, and for once the congregation was free from debt. It would indeed be difficult to tell how a pastorate, involved in such constant and harassing troubles, could be successful. The services of Mr. Wilson were doubtless rendered ineffective by them, and yet the congregation maintained its position and even advanced during his pastorate. Two candidates were again before the congregation December 6th, 1851, some twenty-five of the "male members" being present. Rev. Thomas Cunningham received 17 votes, and James Forsythe, 8. Rev. Lorimer moderated in this call, February 24th, 1852. Rev. Cunningham having declined to be a candidate, the blank was filled by inserting the name of Rev. James C. Forsythe. He was installed October 27th, 1852. His salary was at first fixed at $500, but was afterwards raised to $600. A meeting was called October 31st, 1857, to regulate the singing of the congregation, at which the clerk was directed to stand at the pulpit rather than in the center of the house, the vote being 40 to 25. It was also decided, by a vote of 50 to 15, that the psalm should be sung without lining out. Gradually the old land marks that had arisen with the necessities of the time, faded away; they filled their purpose; and while these customs were dear to many, they yielded to the claims of the EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ - 145 present, and were willing to give up all but the principles which as a church they had maintained. The pastorate of Rev. Forsythe was brief. He resigned April, 1858. The congregation enjoyed considerable prosperity under his ministry; and with the union of the two churches, the Associate Reformed Congregation of Cadiz ceased to exist. We now return to the other branch of this church. THE ASSOCIATE CONGREGATION OF CADIZ was organized A. D. 1813. Its first place of worship was a "tent," which had been pitched a short distance northwest of the present depot of the P., C. & St. L. R. R. This tent was a house of was for the pastor alone. It was about six or eight feet square, was reached by high steps, was under a roof that fell off to each side, and was boarded up in front to about the height of the pastor's waist. The congregation sat outside on logs, and benches made of split timbers, under the shade of the trees. If it did not rain or storm they experienced no inconvenience. A slmothers,n did not spoil our mothers' bonnets. In the winter, services were held in the court house or in private houses of members. The location of the tent was finally changed to a part of Mr. Grimes' farm, nearer town, where afterwards a brick church was erected. It does not appear that there was entire unanimity about the new church. The first resolution in regard to it was adopted May 7th, 1827, at a meeting of which John Miller was chairman, and James Lee, clerk. Resolved, That this congregation take up a subscription to build a brick meeting-house, sixty feet long and forty feet wide. The following January a motion was lost that the ground then occupied be sold aowned house built on a lot oivned by George Craig. It was, however, ordered, that "the trustees have discretionary power as to the size of the meeting house, according to the funds subscribed." A second resolution was "to see what additional funds could be raised, provided the house would be built on George Craig's lot;" an expedient which, resorted to some forty years later, secured the present location of our church. At a subsequent meeting it was determined not to build on Craig's lot, not to build a house in connection with the Union congregation; and that the house should be one story. On the first of January, 1830, the fifty-eight pews were appraised, the values ranging from $2.25 to $7.50, the whole value, $275.50. The largest subscriber was to have the first choice. No pew was to be sold for less than its appraised value. No person could purchase more than two pews nor less than one. The minister's salary was to be assessed by a regular per centum on the pews sold. In case any one refused or neglected to pay his assessment, three months grace was lo be given him, 10 146 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY and if not paid at that time, the pew was to be offered for sale to make up the deficiency. In case it did not sell, .the pew was to become the property of the congregation. It was further made the duty of the trustees to raise what money they could from those not purchasing pews, in order to lighten the assessment on purchasers, until all the congregation, or those subscribing, shall have obtained pews. It will readily appear how, under such financial management, this congregation would be kept out of debt. There is nothing in the records to show that they were ever seriously troubled. Occasionally they got in arrears, but prompt measures were taken to remedy this. How much more the Word preached would profit under such circumstances. There was no action taken but such as was based on principles of fairness and honor. A good financial pilot was at the helm. Shrewd business ideas prevailed then as now. In a slip torn front a will which had been written at that time and was used to mark the page in the congregational book, I find the following bequest of Mr. W _____ , of Bloomfield: "I will and bequeath my big brass clock to whichever of my sons-in-law will give the most for it." But as that was only a book-mark of the clerk, it would not be fair to hold the congregation responsible for it. This church was not well located. The site was low, much lower at that time than is indicated now. Arrangements for ventilation were not much cared for in those days, and had not been needed when worshipping at the tent. Many a good sermon has been spoiled by bad air. In June, 1847, a new and violent form of disease suddenly appeared among the flock. From what we can learn from the symptoms of this fatal disease, it was the typhoid fever. No such name was then known, and, as it was at first confined entirely to members of this congregation, it was universally called the "Seceder fever." Many of the members died from it. among whom was the amiable wife of the pastor. This disease spread throughout the country, and showed equal violence when preying on the members of other churches and upon heretics. Many of those attacked died. The physicians, ignorant of its nature, in some cases, resorted to that old Joe of human life—the lancet, and aided the disease in quickly reducing the sufferer. The angel of death brooded over many homes, and the mourners were often met on the streets. It is impossible to tell certainly the cause of this malady. It was asserted that a stranger who had contracted the disease abroad, was that Sabbath a worshipper, and that there was a pool of water under the church. This was denied. Som light is gained by a bill which I find for digging the earth from about th church. Impure air must have given rise to the disease, and this may have resulted from a full house with too limited a supply of fresh air and too: much of what had been de-oxodyzed a score of times. The miasmatic influence was in the air, and may have arisen from physical causes not even guessed at, as has often been the case since. The house was blamed, and whether guilty or not, it was well that suspicion attached to it. It never had been comfortable. Members of the congregation attended services EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ - 147 as usual, but strangers sought some other place of worship. It was therefore resolved soon after to build a new meeting house, forty-five by fifty-five feet, and a committee was appointed to select a site. A committee was also appointed to find how much more funds could be raised to build in town than on the present lot. Lot numbered 103, on Steubenville street, was purchased from William Reid for $200, and a frame house, yet standing, was erected thereon. Part of the material of the old church was put in the foundation of this building. This house was occupied until the time of the union of the churches, when it was sold to Mrs. Hatcher, for $1,400. This congregation was organized about 1813, though occasional sermons had been preached here before. The first record is Oct. 1st, 1814. "The Rev. John Walker accepted the call of and took charge of said congregation." He was installed sometime between the 24th of May and the 4th of July, 1815, and was at the time twenty-nine years of age. His time was divided between Mt. Pleasant, Unity, and Cadiz. The installation occurred at Unity. Revs. French and Allison were appointed to this duty, but Mr. Allison was prevented from attending. Thomas Maxwell was ruling elder. The winter following, William Braden was installed, and Joseph Braden ordained to that office. The roll of the congregation rapidly increased under Mr. Walker’s labors. But, alas ! poor human nature. Discipline soon had to be exercised against offenders. Greater and lesser offences were strangely combined in the early discipline of the church. The first offence was intoxication. The offender was rebuked, and notification given to the congregation. The friends of the next accused, will pardon me for naming her—"Mrs. Agnes Crossen confessed her sorrow for violating the laws of the church and breaking her own vows, in that she was married without publication." She was accordingly admonished—possibly not to fall into the same offence again, which she was not likely to do while her husband lived—and then restored to church privileges. The musters of the time were fruitful causes of offence, also the huskings and choppings. Any one who sets up the claim that there was no drunkenness at that time, need only read over the session records. Rev. John Walker, the first pastor of this church, was, in many respects, a remarkable man, and was esteemed a preacher of great ability. His utterances were easy and rapid. With a quickness of perception, he knew well to say the right thing in the right place. His manners outside the pulpit were agreeable and easy. Outside of his profession he was shrewd and active. He was instrumental in securing the location of Franklin College at New Athens, and would have gone forty miles on horse or foot to secure a student for that institution. He was a good physician, and had an extensive practice; and, as he looked after both the souls and bodies of his hearers without receiving much pecuniary compensation, he became very popular, and was widely known. He conformed to the custom of his time and preached sermons of immoderate- length. 148 - HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS OF HARRISON COUNTY To this day there are some who delight to tell how long the services were at the Tent. This was signally so on Communion Sabbath, when there was the most minute examination of heart and life. The offences of the time were most severely denounced, and the man who had tossed a copper, marked the ashes with a stick, or resorted to any similar form of divination, did not go unwarned. The weightiest matters, too, were not neglected. Persons who grew tired of sitting, rested themselves by standing. The Sabbath evening examination on the shorter catechism properly belonged to exercises of the day. To criticise a sermon, or comment on the dress, manners, or bearing of the minister, would have been esteemed a serious offence. The people carried their Bibles, and committed the text, and the older members of the family were questioned about the introduction, divisions, and application. Dr. Walker was re- leased about 1820, and gave his entire time to Unity. He died March 8th, 1845, in the sixtieth year of his age, and thirty-sixth of his ministry. His body rests in the cemetery at Unity, and on his tombstone are the words : "Remember ye not, that when I was yet with you I told you these things !" Mr. Thomas Hanna accepted a call to Cadiz, Piney Fork, and Wills Creek, and was ordained as pastor, December 16th, 1821. The number of families in the Cadiz church at this time was forty-one, in Piney Fork, thirty-eight, and in Wills Creek, fourteen. He was soon after released from the Wills Creek branch. In 1835 his whole time was given to Cadiz. At the time of Mr. Hanna's settlement, the session consisted of Robert, Henry, and Thomas Maxwell, James Alexander, William Henderson, and James and Thomas Lee. William Miller and Richard Hammond were ordained, and James Hanna installed June 19th, 1834. Francis Grove vas installed, and Matthew Clark was ordained and installed. May 11th, 1837. Dr. Hanna was not a fine pulpit orator, nor was he regarded as a profound theologian. He was, however, a very instructive preacher. His sermons were often so systematically and minutely divided that one who took away the divisions carried the whole sermon. He had a very kin heart and was eminently sympathetic. It became convenient for him t life in Washington, Pa., owing to his marriage with Miss Foster, then, and for many years after, the honored Principal of the Washington Female Seminary. He was released April 24th, 1849. Dr. Hanna took charge of the church in Washington in May, 1850, and continued as pastor until physical prostration compelled him to give up the field. He died Febrile 9th, 1864, in the sixty-fourth year of his age, and the forty-third of his ministry. His memory is fondly cherished by his people. There were many offenders against the law and order of the church during his pastorate, mid there was not one meeting of the session in six that did not have one or more persons arraigned. Intemperance was doubtless the prevailing evil. But it was often the case that persons felt encouraged in carrying complaints to the session, just as children do to a parent or teacher. One man, when riding to Cadiz, had boasted With an oath, that 14 could ride down all the Whig horses in the county; occa- EARLY CHURCHES OF CADIZ - 149 sional hearing; marrying without publication; shooting for pennies; dancing; neglect of ordinances; unfair dealing; cutting bee trees; teaching on fast days; with an occasional sin of a graver nature, occupied most of the session's time. The cases seemed to grow the more they were dealt with, until the 7th of April, 1848, the following committees were appointed: Robert Maxwell and Thomas Lee were appointed a committee to confer with three persons, whose names I withhold, for occasional hearing; James Hanna, a committee to confer with three others about attending a ball; William Henderson, a committee to confer with W. W______ and wife, for neglect of ordinances; and Matthew Clark, a committee to confer with J. D. B_____ for the same offence. A large amount of business, truly, for one day. The church militant was rapidly earning the title of the church litigant. Discipline, however, in most cases was effective, and the erring were brought back. The membership of the church constantly increased, and its spiritual condition was healthy. On the 5th of June, 1839, Thomas Lee presented the following: Resolved, That all members of the Secession Church who approve of a resolution passed at a political meeting, held in Cadiz on the 15th day of May, A. D., 1839, approving of the course pursued by the State and National Administration on the subject of abolition, are guilty of a breach of the moral law, and the principles of the Secession Church. The vote on this resolution stood, ayes four, noes four. The moderator asked time to decide. A month later he cast his vote in the negative. A month later the vote was reconsidered, and the resolution adopted. An appeal from this was taken by Robert Maxwell. The whole matter was finally referred to Synod. The Church had already seen the "impending crisis," and was preparing for the noble stand she afterwards took ar,d maintained on the day of our nation's trial. - The Solemn Covenant engagement to duties is also recorded, although the date is not given. It was about 1840. There are but seven persons members of this church at the present time who joined in it. The scene must have been one of deep solemnity when the congregation, with uplifted hands, swore to live for Christ. A single sentence of this lengthy engagement will suffice: "We do, with our hands lifted up to the Most High God, hereby confess, and before God, angels, and men, solemnly declare, that we desire to give glory to the Lord by believing with the heart; confessing with the mouth; and subscribing with the hand, that in Him we have righteousness and strength." The congregation was vacant about a year, when Rev. J. R. Doig was called, and became pastor in May, 1850. He was never installed, owing to a neglect on the part of Presbytery. He had supplied the congregation during the preceding winter, in the absence of Dr. Hanna, who was most of his time in Washington with his new wife. When, therefore, Pr. Hanna resigned in the spring, Mr. Doig was ready to take his place. He was at that time a professor in Franklin College, and continued to