Mine Name

P. 0.

Adams,. Roy H. Anderson, R. H. Apex Coal Company, Apex No. 1 Baker, R. M. Bates-Williams Coal Company Bigger, William Boats, William R., Long View Brown, Charles R. Cambridge Collier Company, Majestic Campbell, J. H. Christopher, T. B. Crab Orchard Mining Company, Crab Orchard Culbertson, F. S. Culbertson Coal Company, No. 1 Czatt, M. S. and G. M., Dunlap, S. P. Fleming, G. O. Freeport Coal Company Freshwater, J. W., McGrew Great Lakes Coal Mining Co., No. 1 Hamnett, James H. Harmon Creek Coal Company, Howard Henderson & Hennen Hildreth, A. B., Kannel Hine, 0. C. Hitchcock, S. G. Hoobler, Morris Hopkins, V. S. Hutson Coal Company Jankoioiko, Stony Kane, J. J. Keesey, J. L. Kerr & Son, James W. Kuhn & Burner Long, Robert Love, Hartzell McGrew, J. S. Massillon Coal Mining Company, Rose Valley Mills, Elias Moore, J. D. Morris, A. J. Mull, Loyd B.

Cadiz Cadiz Germano Cadiz Hopedale Cadiz Hopedale Blairmont Cadiz Cadiz Freeport New Athens Adena Bowerston Cadiz Jewett Freeport Cadiz Bobbyville Cadiz Hopedale Cadiz Cadiz Cadiz Germano Cadiz Hopedale Cadiz Cadiz Cadiz Germano Cadiz Cadiz Moorefield Short Creek Cadiz Jewett

Mine Name.	P. O.
Neff, E. J., New Briar Hill Newton Coal & Mining Company, "Newton". Ohio Wheeling Coal Company, No. 1 Phillips, Charles Pickering, C. C. Pittsburgh Block Coal Co., Kenwood Sheets, William Short Creek Coal Company, Nos. 1, 2, 3, Stellar Coal Mining Company Stillwater Mining Coal Company, "Stillwater" Stinard, William, Bigger Unity Coal Company, Copeton Webb, Samuel Webster, Jose	Tippecanoe Bowerston Harrisville Cadiz Cadiz Blairmont Cadiz Adena Tippecanoe Jewett New Athens Jewett

Tons Pick Mined	Tons Machine Mined	Tons Stripped	Total Tons
33,903	1,013,181	404,977	1,452,061

Total number mines reported in operation, 43. Thirty-four were slope mines, eight drift mines and one a shaft. ACCIDENTS In 1917 the total number of coal miners employed in Harrison County was 1,798; number of tons coal mined, 1,222,561 ; fatal accidents, 2; men employed per life lost, 899; tons coal mined per life lost, 611,288. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS As seen through the eyes of writers on such topics in 1895, the following is found in a standard work on Geology of Ohio. These subjects, especially the latter have recently acquired such wide-spread interest and importance in the country that a separate section will be given to their consideration. The introduction of natural gas on the large scale is of comparatively recent date. It was begun in Pittsburgh and in the region around it a dozen years since (1883) but it is only within the last six years that it has made a deep impression on the country at large. The cheapness of the new fuel, the economy resulting from several different factors m its use, the improvement of product in a number of lines of manufacture, all combine to give a decided advantage to the centers that have been fortunate enough to secure it, and to make competition seem almost hopeless to the towns that are without it. In consequence, an earnest and eager search for natural gas has been begun throughout the entire State, and vast amounts of money have been used in carrying forward these explorations. Next CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 217 to Western Pennsylvania, Northwestern Ohio has scored the most signal success and, following the experience of Ohio, Eastern Indiana has also found one of the most valuable fields of the country. Harrison County, while not in the belt just mentioned, is so nearly connected that discoveries were made in the `80s and '90s of paying amounts of both oil and natural gas, which industries have been further developed until for a number of years, both of these wonderful natural mineral products have been a blessing to the county, in way of both light and heat. Pipe lines are now found trailing hither and yon throughout the domain of the county, carrying the gas by which the county seat and smaller villages are well lighted and heated. As the older or original wells become exhausted, new ones are discovered, thus keeping the supply about up to the requirements of the population. The oil industry in this county has made scores of men and women wealthy, but at present there are more dry wells than those producing oil, but the natural gas product is still one of immense magnitude and it is sanguinely believed that as time passes enough new gas wells may be struck to keep pace with the increasing demands of the county. This county has been extensively tested for both oil and gas, and still the work goes on. In 1903 it was stated in the State reports on geology that Harrison county had pools as follows: 1. Cadiz. 2. Bricker. 3. Snyder. 4. Maxwell 5. Tewett. 6. Scio. 7. Bowerston. 8. New Philadelphia Road. 9. Plum Run. There may be said to be two distinct groups—four in one and five in the other of the above mentioned pools. The surface strata in Harrison County lie almost entirely in the Conemaugh or Lower Barren and the Monongahela or Upper Coal measures. Along the western side of the county the Upper Freeport or No. 7 coal, which lies just below the Lower Barren Measures, is found a short distance above drainage, while in the southeastern corner of the county, the Pittsburgh or No. 8 coal which makes the base of the Upper Productive Measure, is not far above drainage. THE CADIZ POOL In the summer of 1887 the Cadiz Oil & Gas Company drilled a well on the R. R. Cochran farm one mile north of the courthouse. Its cost was $1.25 per foot, including casings and all work. When the salt sand was reached a heavy flow of brine was liberated which ran from the top of the well, and the Berea sand, which was struck at a depth of 1,414 feet and was fifty feet thick, yielded neither oil or gas. But the company was not discouraged but that autumn commenced drilling a well on the farm of W. D. Rogers in the southwest quarter of section 29 Cadiz Township. Here but little gas was obtained and the well was abandoned. 218 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Then a preliminary survey was made in which State Geologist Edward Orton took part. Wells were drilled here and there, but no paying ones obtained. In the fall of 1888 a new organization, the "Berea Grit Oil & Gas Company" was formed with a capital stock of $20,000 and its object was to further test the cadiz district. A dozen or more gas and oil wells were obtained within a few years. In 1901 there were eight oil and two gas wells producing in this field. This mile long pool lies in section 33 of Cadiz Township and section 27 of Green Township. The biggest thing accomplished by the company above noted was supplying Cadiz with natural gas. This gas was sold at 75 cents per 1,000 feet for fuel and $1.00 per 1,000 for illuminating purposes. Since April, 1901, there have been rival companies supplying the town with gas—the Cadiz Gas Company and the T. N. Donaldson Company, the former deriving its gas from the Fryer wells, and supplied 300 families during the winter of 1900-01, and the charges made were 25 cents a 1,000 feet after April, 1901. The second company derived its supply of gas from the Jewett field, five miles north of Cadiz. Fifty families were being served by this company in the summer of 1901. THE BRICKER POOL This lies wholly in the eastern part of section 30, Green Township, and in 1901 was developed only in about a half mile square. The pool was surrounded by many dry holes, hence the field cannot be productive of much more of the oil products. Oil was there discovered in October, 1899, by the Bricker Oil Company, which drilled a well on the Bricker farm. It flowed 125 barrels a day for sometime and in all 13,040 barrels were had during the first 120 days. The producing sand is the Berea. Some of these wells produce much gas and others oil to quite an extent. At first a number of these wells flowed, but later had to be pumped. THE SNYDER POOL This pool is located in the south half of section 20, and the northeast quarter of section 19, Green Township. In August there were twenty-five wells flowing or being pumped. The pool was discovered in the spring of 1900, the first well having been drilled on the William Croskey farm. The second site was on the Snyder farm, where twenty-five barrels daily were produced. This well is 1,512 feet deep. Many wells were sunk but comparatively few were paying propositions. THE MAXWELL POOL This pool lies in Shortcreek Township and is confined largely to the southwest quarter of section 21. In July, 1901, the number of producing wells was less than a dozen, Work was started here in the autumn of 1899, starting with a five barrel well. The gas present at first was sufficient to cause the oil to flow to the surface and higher. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 219 THE JEWETT POOL This pool is situated in the townships of Archer, Green and Rum- ley. This was opened in the fall of 1895 on land owned by A. M. Busby on section 35 of Archer Township. From this well gas was piped to Jewett and used until the fall of 1899 when it was abandoned. A local company—the Jewett Oil & Gas Company—handled this proposition until 1896 when it was transferred to the Ohio Oil Company, which drilled and obtained other wells. July, 1901, the number of producers was seventy-five, of which eight were gas wells. At that date the companies operating there were the Ohio Oil Company, The Scott Oil Company and the F. N. Donaldson. The products of these wells find markets at Jewett, Cadiz and Scio. THE GREAT SCIO POOL This lies principally in North Township in sections 3, 9, 2, 33, 32, 1, 31, 26, 25, 30, 36 and 35. Also runs over into Rumley Township in sections 13, 18, 19 and 24 and passes over into Carroll County. This oil-gas field is three by five miles in extent. As early as 1872 a number of derricks were standing along the edge of the village of Scio. One of these was at the Spiker farm, and was drilled by the old-fashioned spring-pole method an entire summer having been consumed in the work. One of these wells was opened by H. A. Snyder, who twenty-five years later organized the Scio Oil & Gas Company, which opened the pool. Again another historic event was that of the well on the Spiker farm on which a well was drilled, later became one of the most valuable properties m the field, more than $540,000 worth of oil having been secured from it up to 1903. The early efforts of Spiker failed simply because they did not go deep enough. The discovery of oil near the neighboring town of Jewett in 1895, appears to have encouraged Snyder to renew his search in the vicinity of Scio. He accordingly began taking leases for oil purposes and secured options on about 2,000 acres near the village. His next step was to organize a company to test the territory, and in March, 1898 the Scio Oil & Gas Company was incorporated with a capital stock of $10,000, divided into shares of $25 each. The people, however, had little faith in the venture, and consequently the stock did not sell rapidly. Only fifty-six shares were disposed of, and even after the first well had been drilled and oil secured, there was difficulty in inducing the stockholders to double the amount already paid. This, however, resulted more from their inability rather than from their lack of confidence in the project. After the second well had been completed the stockholders decided to double again their subscriptions, making necessary a payment of $100 for each share originally taken. The amount of money raised by the three assessments combined was $5,600. The company drilled two additional wells and put up rigs for two more, and then sold out to Myers & Brown for $100,000. When the Scio Oil & Gas Company was organized Snyder transferred to it his leases, the consideration being 4 per cent of the oil secured and 2 per cent of the gas, after the land-holder had received his royalty. Much of the territory covered by these leases was dry, 220 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES and other tracts were forfeited by the non-payment of rent. Nevertheless Snyder received a handsome fortune in return for his perseverance. The first well drilled to the Berea sand in this pool was located on a small tract of land owned by Matthew Henry, situate one-fourth of a mile north of the village. The well was completed June 7, 1898 and after having been shot with eighty quarts of nitro-glycerine began producing eighteen barrels of oil per day. The second well located on land of William Donaldsons' started producing twenty-two barrels, but the necessary tanks not being at hand the well was left idle several days the tools hanging in the well. When these were removed the well began flowing, and the gas catching fire from the boiler burned the derrick. This accident was widely published, and as is usual under such circumstances, the production of the well was exaggerated. The accident attracted the attention of oil men from near and far, and started a boom which in a short time revolutionized the village. The third well was drilled late in the fall of 1898 on a lot owned by Jacob Strayer within the corporation limits. This began producing seventy-five barrels per day, and of course added fresh fuel to the excitement. After -this, wells were completed in rapid succession and all were producers. Early in December the leasing of town lots began and wells by the score were soon drilled on them, the owners vieing with each other in their anxiety to have their property tested. According to the gauger for the Buckeye Pipe Line the largest number of producing wells in the field was in January, 1900, when it was 850. The most the field ever has had of producing wells is 1,000. Of this large number of oil and gas wells 250 were within he corporation but in 1901 only twenty of these inside the limits were producing oil. It is believed that the reason for this failure is the fact that the wells were drilled too close together. The one on the Given lot produced, however, $30,000 worth of oil. Three were drilled on the college campus, but the royalty derived was not large. The average cost of a complete well in the field was about $3,000; 1,190 feet was the depth of many of these wells. It was in 1901 that the Standard Oil Company got control of most of the oil in this section and it was shipped to Toledo and Cleveland where it was refined. Monroe Township from 1894 on had many wells drilled, but nearly all proved unsuccessful, but some were fair producers for a time. Of other deep wells in Harrison County let it be stated that a dry hole on the Luther farm in section 29 of German Township ; a dry hole in section 18 on the Ralston farm; a dry hole on the Johnson farm in section 25 and three dry holes near New Jefferson in section 26, tells the story to date. In Rumley Township, on the Crabb farm, and one on the Kimmell farm, are all of any note up to 1903. Archer, Franklin, Stock, Moorefield, Washington, Freeport, Athens and Cadiz townships have all had many dry wells, but few of paying oil. The term "dry hole" describes a larger part of the experiments made, with now and then one marked by geologists as "producer." In 1894 on the A. Wyant farm in Monroe Township in section 33, a hole was drilled to the depth of 3,950 feet ; it had been intended to go down 4,400 feet but the tools were lost and the work abandoned. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 221 Today (1920) the most of the developments in a mineral way in Harrison County consists of drilling for natural gas and coal, both of which are becoming quite numerous in the last year or two. Many farms are being stripped in places and coal taken up by means of steam shovels. Hundreds of acres are thus being stripped and the coal taken out and shipped on spurs of the various railroads. In the way of gas, all that is hoped for is to gain enough for home demand, but the coal beds of Harrison County are sufficient to afford scores of years of constant mining.