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372 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES CHAPTER XVIII EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS EARLY PRIVATE AND SUBSCRIPTION SCHOOLS-PUBLIC SCHOOL SYsTEM-CADIZ EARLY AND LATER SCHOOLS-THE COLORED SCHOOLS -DIRECTORS-1920 STATISTICAL REPORT OF COUNTY-LAST ENUMERATION OF SCHOOLS-SCIO COLLEGE-FRANKLIN COLLEGE -HOPEDALE NORMAL COLLEGE. The first settlers in this portion of Ohio came far in advance of any thought of free public school systems in this country. Private and select schools and home training was the way our forefathers obtained their education. For the wealthy these methods seemed to be quite satisfactory, but to the poorer classes it worked great hardship :and the result was a high per cent of illiteracy obtained throughout the entire country. But following out the old methods of schooling, the pioneers of Harrison County, as soon as they could erect cabin :homes for themselves, they commenced to canvass the question of :starting a school in their neighborhood. But between 1835 and 1840 when the free school system had come into use, and government and :State lands were accessible for school purpose, then it was that the people of this county saw the value and justice of such a system and at once availed themselves of the opportunity offered of having uniform schools and the expense was taxed to the property owners, but they were free schools and the famliy that had no property had as good a chance to educate their children as did the wealthy. This is one of the main reasons why this commonwealth and the Republic itself stands out prominently above the other nations of the world. Free common schools call for democratic ideas and democratic ideas call for free schools, hence it is that the glory of this Republic is its free educational institutions. But it should not be forgotten that long before the common school was had in this county there were numerous excellent private schools and almost a generation of men and women had grown up and gone out into the busy places of life well fitted and educated for the duties they were to perform. It is of such schools that educated these people.that we are now to speak in brief : SCHOOLS OF CADIZ In the enumeration of Cadiz in 1807 it was found that there were twenty families and among the names listed was "William Tingley, School Teacher." It is stated that he was "no rude borderman" either! He taught the first school in the village in his own humble residence on Main Street, between Spring and North streets. He was a beautiful penman, as the records of the courthouse still attest, for he was county clerk from 1815 to 1838—twenty-three eventful CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 373 years in the history of the "Kingdom of Harrison." The Tingleys seem to nearly all have been teachers. William the first teacher in Cadiz ; Jeremiah Tingley; Mrs. Elizabeth Carnahan, music teacher; Tempe Carnahan, teacher of music in the public schools. Between 1815 and 1818, a school was opened at the corner of South and Ohio streets, taught by Miss Allen in 1820. The Cadiz Academy was established in 1818. The first trustees were: John Pritchard, John Macusday, Walter B. Beebe, John Hanna, Martin Wilson, Humphrey Leavitt, Daniel Kilgore, William Ramsey, John Craig, Rev. William Taggart, Rev. J. Rea and Jacob Webb. The first teacher was James P. Miller, who taught at $450 per year, instructing in English, grammar, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, mathematics, natural philosophy and geography, with the additional study of chemistry. This school was situated where Doctor Sharp PICTURE OF CADIZ HIGH SCHOOL now resides on Main Street. The elder Doctor McBean, before he practiced medicine, taught here. In a few years this school went down as did scores of others in Ohio. It was established about 1819 and continued until about 1825. The Simpson school opened in 1826 by Matthew Simpson, teaching elementary and higher branches in his home on Market Street, This was before Ohio had her free common school system. After a few years This school had for its teacher Matthew Simpson, later the Methodist bishop,- Matthew Simpson. In 1829 this school moved to the old academy building on Gimlett Hill and continued there until the building was sold in 1832. Then "Uncle Matthew" Simpson took the school to his own house and there continued to teach many years. The house in which this school was kept was a large one story building with three parts—first a dwelling, the second part used as an. organ reed factory and the third part used for the school room. 374 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES The Ladies Seminary was established in 1836 by a young lady from the East named Sarah R. Foster, who opened her school in the old Beebe homestead on Gimlett Hill. The school grew and after two years she tried to secure aid from the town of Cadiz and upon failing she went to Washington, Pennsylvania, where she taught a successful academy many years. Then Cadiz had a small select school taught by a Mr. Brown. In the thirties a school was held in the old Covenanter church, where the present round-house and turn-table is located. Reverend Sloan was among the instructors there. These earlier private and select schools were only able to run about three or four months a year. Peculiar forms of punishment obtained in those early times. The larger girls were punished by making them ride a broom-stick around the stove, stand on one foot and crawl under the teachers table on one foot. Another form was to make them touch a high mark made by the teacher on the blackboard. In the early fifties the old brick school building was turned over to the colored children of the village, but in 1860 it was sold. The old log school was located in the thirties on the corner of Warren and Buffalo streets. It was burned in 1840 by reason of a number of drinking, gambling characters assembling there nights and through this a fire was caught and destroyed the building and it was never rebuilt. In the basement of the old Methodist Episcopal church, a school was taught in 1836 and continued there many years. Among the teachers there are now recalled Joseph Ward, Miss Foster, Mr. Finney, Daniel Spencer and a Mr. Vincent. The first attempt at having a graded school in Cadiz was in 1854. What was known as the New Union School Building was erected in 1868. The board purchased of John Sharp and D. Cunningham eight acres of land, including the site of the present school building. This was an eight room school house built at a cost of $25,000. The first term of school was taught there in the fall of 1868. In 1903 this building was added to and in 1906, $30,000 was voted for a new structure, which is known now as the "Annex" to the original building. SCHOOL DIRECTORS From 1868 to the present date the following have served as members of the school board: D. Cunningham. D. B. Welch, W. T. Sharp, W. S. Poulson, J. M. Estep, D. A. Hollingsworth, C. M. Hogg, S. M. Bailey, Walter Brown, S. B. McGavran, W. H. Rife, J. M. Gavin, E. B. McNamee, Charles Pearce, I. C. Moore, G. W. Lloyd, George A. Crew, Oliver Clark. James W. Kerr, W. T. Perry, Emory Birney, W. W. Wright, A. J. Hammond, Mrs. John Sharp, Dr. Mary Lemmon, P. W. Boggs, Mrs. J. C. Haverfield, George D. McFadden, A. P. Sheriff, Mrs. J. B. Worley, Mrs. E. N. Haverfield, J. S. Campbell, J. M. Shrieber, Rupert R. Beetham, Harry B. McConnell, P. M. Sharp, M. J. Taggart, George W. Grissmger, Fred Wagner, Charles L. Scott, all prior to 1912 ; from that date on to the present the CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 375 directors have been as follows: John Aukerman, N. R. Beetham, John B. Wagner, John S. Campbell and 0. C. Gray. COLORED SCHOOLS OF CADIZ Ten years prior to the close of the Civil war, the colored children of Cadiz had the privilege of attending schools maintained exclusively for their own race. In the old brick schoolhouse erected in 1837 there was started in 1854-55 the first colored school. Miss Jackson was the teacher. She taught in 1856 and was succeeded by D. S. Bruce who taught twelve years. The next colored school was started in the basement of the Disciples church—now the Ehrhart Hotel. Here the colored school continued for fourteen years. There were numerous teachers, including "Billy," now Prof. W. H. Lucas, "who commenced to teach thirty-nine years ago and is still principal," said a record of these schools found in the local paper files in 1911. A new schoolhouse was provided for the colored children in 1873 at the corner of South and Ohio streets. In 1891 more room was needed and part of the school was moved to the basement of the African Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1908 the fine new Dunbar Building was erected, which was indeed a great step from the schools taught in the "Old Brick." All of the colored pupils of Cadiz attend a school separate from the whites, except a few who are advanced enough to enter the high school where they are welcome and are making good in their studies. JEWETT HIGH SCHOOL Jewett is now blessed with most excellent public schools, including the high school. In the beginning at Jewett, the scholars attended a very small frame building; next came a two story building (two rooms) also a frame structure which served well its purpose until it became too small to accommodate the increasing number of pupils, when a brick building was constructed on the site of the present high school building. This had four rooms and served until the present modern structure was built in 1905 at a cost (including the five lots surrounding it) $20,000, but now could not be built for twice the amount. Nine teachers are here employed as instructors in the various grades and high school. OTHER SCHOOLS OF THE COUNTY Bowerston with an enrollment of 142 pupils ; Deersville with twenty-nine ; Freeport with 132; Harrisville with 108; Hopedale with 175; New Athens with eighty and Scio Village with an enrollment of 197, gives a general idea of the advancement made in and near the villages of the county, while the county school superintendents report for 1920 shows in tabulated form many details concerning the rural schools of the county. 1920 SCHOOL REPORT The subjoined is a portion of the annual report made to the State Superintendent of Public Instruction by County School Superintendent Roche, of Harrison County, for the year 1920: 376 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES