Churches	No.	Membership	Value of Church	Capacity
Friends African M. E.   United Brethren Presbyterians United Presbyterians Adventists Methodist Protestant Methodist Episcopal German Reformed Lutheran Baptist Disciples Union Sunday Schools	3 2 5 13 6 1 1 34 1 2 3 4 13	333 160 442 1,747 507 14 60 3,335 62 181 100 244 6,570	$ 3,800 3,000 7,270 55,500 28,300 500 300 89,600 1,500 4,000 2,250 3,750	815 500 1,700 4,950 2,200 120 400 10,850 400 550 500 1,250

PIONEER CHURCHES OF CADIZ In Hanna's Historical Collection of Harrison County, the introduction to the churches of Cadiz reads in part as follows: CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 329 "In taking up the early history of the churches of Cadiz we find that some years elapsed after the town was established before any church or organization was made. The Presbyterian worshipers of the community were then included in the congregation of Beech Springs and ministered to by Rev. John Rea who undoubtedly preached in Cadiz at private dwellings before 1810. Most of the first settlers who took up land in the vicinity of Cadiz seemed to have been of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian faith, among them being the, large families of the McFaddens, Gilmores, Jamisons and Craigs from Washington County, Pennsylvania. The membership of this church in America ,is made up chiefly from descendants of the Scotch-Irish immigrants who came to America from Ulster after the close of the Revolutionary war. More than 90 per cent of the pre-revolutionary emigration from Ireland consisted of Presbyterians of the old school. The later emigrants on first coming to Pennsylvania where their relations or friends had settled many years before, found much of the best lands taken in these older settlements. Though at first they settled in the western counties of the Keystone State they were not satisfied with their condition but usually took up with the earliest opportunity of bettering it. This came to them with the opening to settlement of the lands in the Northwest Territory ; and it was not many months after the land office was opened at Steubenville before many of the choicest tracts in the vicinity of Cadiz were occupied by these Washington County Scotch-Irish. During the time between their removal to Harrison County and the organization of the Associate Reform Presbyterian church, at Cadiz, it is hardly reasonable to suppose that they were without occasional religious services. The present United Presbyterian church of Cadiz, as of other churches of that denomination, throughout the country, was formed in 1858 by the union of the two former congregations known as the Associate Presbyterians and the Associate Reformed Preshyterions. Prior to the formation of the Second Ohio Associate Reformed Presbytery in 1824, Cadiz was included in the territory of the Presbytery of Monongahela and as such was doubtless visited and preached to by ministers belonging to that Presbytery who were resident of Washington County. And it is reasonable to assume that many of them came as missionaries before the formal organization of the congregation in 1810. It is probable that, a small log church had been erected in Cadiz Township, by this congregation some years before the erection of their meeting house in Cadiz village." The Harrison County records show that lots numbered 58, 59 and 60 in the town of Caliz (later the property of A. H. Carnahan) were deeded to "John McFadden, Samuel Carnahan, John Craig, William Hamilton and John Jamison, trustees appointed by the Associated Reformed congregation of Cadiz," for the purpose of a meeting house for public worship. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH-CADIZ This is among the historic old churches of Harrison County and hence more than a brief, passing notice should be given space in this chapter. Prior to 1885 the following sketch was written by William 330 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES M. McConnell, and giving as it does much of the early history of the society, it is here made use of, the same coming down to a date after the present church edifice was erected in 1876: "The Methodist Episcopal Church was established in Harrison County as early as the year 1801. The first Methodist emigrants settled on the south branch of Short Creek and consisted of Joseph Holmes, Samuel Humes, William Walraven, Isaac Buskirk and others. Soon after Thomas Dickerson came from Redstone, Fayette County, Pennsylvania and cleared some land and built a cabin near the settlement. Through his labors and influence a class was formed, prayer meetings were established and the people instructed in religion. Following the labors and progress of this good man, came the itinerant minister—Asa Shinn—and the first Methodist Episcopal Church of the county was erected and named 'Dickerson.' In 1802, the first seed was planted by Henry Johnson .who penetrated the forests to that place, and gathered to him after a while, a Methodist class. As early as 1814 there were societies organized at Rankin, Deersville, Bethel, Morris West, two miles northeast of Cadiz and at Cadiz. In 1807-08, Rev. James B. Finley traveled through this region and organized a number of classes in the western part of the county. He preached with such power as to impress himself and his message upon the minds of the people so that neither were ever forgotten. Reverend Finley has given us, in a book of his life, an account of his work during these years and the description of his circuit as it had been formed by Rev. James Watt. It was called 'Wills Creek Circuit' and was not less than seventy-five miles in extent. Beginning at Zanesville and running east, it embraced all the settlements on the Wheeling road on to Salt Creek and Buffalo fork of Wills Creek, thence down to Cambridge, and Leatherwood, on Stillwater, including all the settlements on its various branches, to the mouth, thence up the Tuscarawas, through New Philadelphia, thence up Sandy View to Canton and on to Carter's, thence up Sandy to Sugar Creek and down said creek to the mouth, thence down the Tuscarawas to William Butts, thence down to mouth of White Woman, thence after crossing the river and including all the settlements of the Wapatomica, down to Zanesville to place of beginning. "About this time the society and the classes in the territory of Harrison County, were placed in West Wheeling Circuit. This circuit was composed of three counties, Harrison, Belmont and Jefferson and belonged to the Baltimore Conference. While in the Baltimore Conference Thornton Fleming was presiding elder and R. R. Roberts preacher in charge. At a conference held in 1808, the West Wheeling Circuit was transferred to the Western Conference with James Quinn as presiding elder ; Jacob Young preacher in charge, and James Wilson, James Watts and Thomas Church assistants. Together with the brethren were others, named, Revs. Michael Ellis, Caleb Humphrey and Archibald McElroy, the latter at that time a vigorous local preacher and afterwards a regular itinerant preacher. "The early history of the church scarcely furnishes a more singular character than that of McElroy. He was without advantages in his youth and of very limited education. But endowed with good CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 331 sense, great natural and moral courage and with all an honest man, he enjoyed the confidence of all who knew him. Possessed of stout frame, manly bearing and open and frank countenance and being absoplutely 'fearless in pursuit of the right he won the respect of all even those of the baser sort.' At a time when the traffic in intoxicating liquors was some part of almost every man's business and when scarcely, a man was to be found either in the pulpit or out of it, to open his mouth on the subject, McElroy came forward with lance and trumpet—an unpolished lance, but a trumpet with no uncertain sound —and made war with the beast. He delivered hundreds of temperance lectures, the most electrifying ever heard in the State of Ohio. Without any temperance organizations or newspapers to support him, with many of the clergy opposed to him and very few to encourage him, alone in those pioneer times, he lifted up his standard. As a preacher he was enthusiastic and successful. It is said that at one of his quarterly meetings the church could not hold the congregation and they resorted to a grove in the neighborhood. The master of a dancing school in the place and some of his pupils, went to the church late and finding it vacated, danced a while when the master said: 'Now let us go to the church and get converted.' When they reached the ground the preacher, Reverend Swayze, was closing his sermon with a thrilling exhortation. The master listened for a few minutes and fell to the ground crying for mercy. McElroy was on hand and when he saw the dancing master down, he improvised an altar and cried: `All hands to, here is a bull in the net, here is a man who taught the people to serve the devil by rule, and I pray God to break his fiddle, and convert his soul, and turn his heart to sing his praise.' " Rev. J. B. Finley says in his autobiography that this occurred at St. Clairsville, but Alfred Brownson insists that it took place at Cadiz. "In those years when churches were very small, and when the settlers lived in cabins and many of them in rude huts, the people sought the groves and camp meetings were of wonderful interest and success to the new and restless church. We have accounts of these meetings being held within the bounds of West Wheeling Circuit as early as 1808. In that year there was one held at St. Clairsville, under the management of James Quinn and Isaac Young, at which with very little ministerial assistance, more than one hundred were added to the church. "A camp meeting was held near Cadiz in 1812. which was attended by Many of the leading preachers of the conference. Bishop Asbury came from a meeting at Uniontown, Pennsylvania to attend the meeting at Cadiz. Jacob Gruber, then presiding elder of the Ohio district of the Baltimore Conference, accompanied him. Rev. William Lamden, who was probably in charge of the West Wheeling Circuit, was present with the able support of such men as Rev. T. D. Finley, Rev. Michael Ellis and Rev. Archibald Mcllroy. The order of the meetings was generally good ; but a slight interruption occurred on Saturday night. On that occasion Bishop Asbury took the stand at midnight and after saying some kind things told the rabble that the Methodists were not all sanctified and if they persisted in disobeying the rules of the meeting they would find that out. The Bishop 332 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES preached during the meeting. The ministrations were all able and much good was done. "Just when tbe Methodist society in Cadiz was formed is not known, but about 1811. As early as 1806 or 1807 a few families met together from time to time, going from house to house, with prayer and religious services. More frequently than at any other place, these services were held at Brother James Simpson's, the father of the renowned Bishop Simpson. The services continued until about 1815 when the society was organized and a board of trustees chosen for the purpose of erecting a house of worship. This board consisted of Matthew Simpson, (the Bishop's uncle) William Tipton, Joseph Tingley and Thomas Inskepp. April 20, 1816, they purchased a lot at the south corner of Spring and Buffalo streets and erected thereon a small church. In this church the Methodists of Cadiz worshiped without pride or ostentation and without preserving much history for twenty years. PICTURE OF OLD FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, CADIZ, WHERE BISHOP SIMPSON PREACHED FIRST SERMON "In this building, which was standing when this sketch was written, although much dilapidated, was used for a tenement house, the renowned Bishop Simpson preached many of his most powerful sermons there. In fact he was at this time sent as an associate pastor to the church and made his home there. Being of very progressive views, he suggested to the church the advantages of having a Sabbath school. The older and wiser brethren shook their heads and said it would not do to bring the children into the church with their dirty faces on Sabbath, that they had hard work enough to keep the house clean and in order as it was. The young preacher finally succeeded in organizing a Sabbath school in the house, upon the condition that he would sweep the house after Sabbath school. This is reputed to be the first Methodist Sabbath School to be established and the only one existing for many years. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 333 "Before the removal of Mr. Simpson measures were introduced with a view to the incorporation of the society and to replace the old church with a more commodious and better structure. In December, 1835, the legislature of Ohio passed an act of incorporation and Matthew Simpson, Edward Tipton, William Tingley, Robert McKee, James Poulson, Philip Trine, John Davis, George White and Elijah Laizure are named in the act as trustees. The Matthew Simpson named at the head of the list, was an uncle of the Matthew who later became Bishop Simpson. "When this church was incorporated Cadiz was the chief appointment of the then St. Clairsville Circuit. The other appointments were Dickerson's New Athens, Stiers, Uniontown, Eatons', Wesley Chapel, Bates's, Neff's, Weige's, Mt. Glenn (Crossroads), Scotts's, Bridgeport, Martin's Ferry, Crose's and Harrisville. Two preachers on the circuit. The first record of names of preachers is Rev. I. C. Taylor, pastor in charge. when the second church was built, and James Drummond, his colleague, the latter having been received on trial at the conference the spring previous. "Cadiz remained on this circuit until 1866, when it became a regular station. The lot upon which the second church was built and upon which now stands the third commodious structure, was deeded to the congregation by William Tingley and wife. Mr. Tingley was permitted to live many years afterward and was one of the church's most ready and willing workers. Among other names as members appear Edmond Tipton and wife, Robert McKee and wife, Michael McConnell and wife, Charles Chapman, wife and daughters, Judge Turner, Mrs. Major Lacy, Thomas Thompson, Matthew White, Mrs. William Arnold, and Mrs. Dr. McBean. All of them have been called from the church militant to the church triumphant. The second church building was commenced in 1835 but was not finished until 1836. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. Wesley Browning, of Wheeling. Bishop Simpson, who was stationed then in Monongahela City, preached at night." In passing let this be said of the great Bishop Matthew Simpson : In Cadiz Bishop Simpson was born June 21, 1811. Here he attended his first school and acquired the rudiments of an education. Here he read medicine and afterward practiced medicine in the town and community. He was converted in his early youth at a camp- meeting held in a grove in the Dickerson neighborhood and soon afterward started in Cadiz the first young men's prayer meeting and a little later organized the first Sunday school in the town. An account of this the reader will find in the previous paragraphs in this chapter. In this first little church in Cadiz young Simpson made his first public address on a religious subject and was later appointed to preach regularly at Cadiz. He was often in Cadiz after he became known throughout the church. When the present church edifice was frnished Bishop Simpson preached the dedicatory sermon: This church has had some famous men for its pastors. James Drummond, a great organizer and eloquent preacher and church builder. William Hunter, editor, educator, author of one of our great hymns "My Heavenly Home is Bright and Fair." In this 334 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES church are relatives of Bishop Birney and here also was born Harold Lynn Hough and in his boyhood was converted at the altar of this church. The present church building was named "The Drummond Methodist Episcopal Church of Cadiz" in honor of Rev. James Drummond. This building, a magnificent structure of brick, was begun in April, 1875, and completed in May, 1876, at a cost of $22,000. It was dedicated May 7, 1876, out of debt. Bishop Simpson preached the dedicatory sermon and chaplain McCabe (later Bishop) was present and sang. In 1894 extensive repairs and the adding of a pipe organ cost the church upwards of $7,000. On the night of June 20, 1908, the church was struck by lightning and damaged by fire to the amount of $6,000. As to parsonages it may be said that this church has had but two-a frame house of seven rooms on North Main Street, costing $4,000. This was owned and occupied by the church for forty-five years. It was sold in 1917 for $2,525. The present parsonage is one of the finest in Methodism, situated on Lincoln Avenue and valued at $18,000. This property was given to the church by Mr. and Mrs. Charles Sumner Scott, the church taking possession upon Mrs. Scott's death in October, 1917, her husband having died in February of that year. Rev. A. A. Brown, D. D., moved into the parsonage about November 1st. With the parsonage came many pieces of valuable furniture, rugs, carpets. etc. This property should stand as an abiding memorial of the generosity of Mr. and Mrs. Scott. The present (1920) total church membership of this church is five hundred and eighty-nine (589) ; the present Sunday school membership is five hundred and forty-eight (548). George A. Martin is superintendent. LIST OF PASTORS But few churches can furnish a complete list of their pastors, running back a century and more, hence this list is here appended: (To about: 1870, two served on this circuit.) James B. Finley, 1811-16. Jacob Young, 1811-12. Michael Ellis, 1812-14. William Lambdeb, 1814-16. Caleb Humphrey, 1816-20. Archibald McElroy, 1816-22. James Roberts, 1822-25. John McMahon, 1822-25. Daniel Limerick, 1825-28. Simon Lauck, 1825-28. Thomas Hudson, 1828-30. S. R. Brockunier, 1828-29. William Tipton, 1829-30. William Knox, 1830-32. Aurora Callender, 1832-34. Matthew Simpson, 1832-34. James C. Taylor, 1834-37; 1841-42. James Drummond, 1834-37; 1869-72. T. R. Miner, 1837-38. P. McCue, 1837-38. Charles Thorn, 1838-39; 1845-47. Alexander Scott, 1838-39. Pardon Cook, 1839-40. J. Hammitt, 1839-40. Edward Smith, 1840-41. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 335 A. J. Rich, 1840-41. William F. Lauck, 1841-42. Wesley Smith, 1842-44. J. L. Clark, 1842-43. T. McCleary, 1843-44. Ebenezer Hays, 1844-45. B. F. Sawhill, 1844-45. David Welling, 1845-48. James C. Merryman, 1847-49. James Henderson, 1847-48. J. W. Shirer, 1848-49. John Moffitt, 1849-51 ; 1857-59. Charles Avery Holmes, 1849-51. Daniel P. Mitchell, 1851-53. George Crook, 1851-52. John D. Knox, 1852-53. S. F. Miner, 1853-55. A. L. Pettay, 1852-55. Simon P. Wolff, 1855-57. Hiram Sinsabaugh, 1855-57. E. W. Bradey, 1857-59. W. B. Watkins, 1858-59. James M. Bray, 1859-60. H. M. Close, 1859. James Day, 1859-60. Alexander Scott, 1860-62. T. J. Scott, 1860-62. S. M. Hickman, 1862-63. S. B. Uber, 1862-63. J. M. Carr, 1863-66. William Pittenger, 1866-69. B. E. Edgell, 1872-73. I. K. Rader, 1873-74. A. H. Norcross, 1874-76. William R. Hunter, 1876-77. Thomas S. Hodgson, 1877-78. William L. Dixon, 1878-81. J. H. Conkle, 1881-83. S. Y. Kennedy, 1883-85. George B. Smith, 1885-88. Anthony W. Butts, 1888-92. George W. Gray, 1892-93. John R. Keyes, 1893-95. William H. Locke, 1895-96. Harvey Webb, 1896-1900. Thomas H. Armstrong, 1900-04. Thomas Wood, 1904-08. Charles B. Henthorne, 1908-11. George L, Davis, 1911. A. A. Brown. DICKERSON CHURCH October, 1888, Joseph Holmes delivered an historic address on this Methodist Episcopal Church, at the dedication of a new building, near Cadiz, and the author is permitted to draw freely from the same for this chapter: The history of the Dickerson society commences early in the nineteenth century. As early as March, 1801, Joseph Holmes moved to the farm on which he lived and died. Soon after the following came into the neighborhood: Joseph Huff, William Walraven, Thomas Dickerson, Eli Dickerson, William Scoles, James and Thomas Worley, Abraham Holmes and William Welling. In the autumn of 1802, Thomas Dickerson settled on the farm on which Dickerson Church is located. He was a man of strong religious convictions and during the same autumn he succeeded in organizing a prayer meeting circle, at which he gave religious instructions to those who attended the meetings. These meetings were held weekly from house to house. In 1804 a society of Methodists was formed with Thomas Dickerson duly appointed class-leader. Among the original members of the society were: Thomas Dickerson and wife, Joseph Holmes and wife, William Walraven and wife, William Scoles and wife, James Worley and wife, Abraham Holmes and wife, Eli Dickerson and wife, William Welling and wife, and James Jones and wife. Preaching was held like the prayer meetings, from house to house. In those days sermons were like angel's visits, "few and far between." 336 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES The first quarterly meeting was held on the farm of Joseph Holmes in the summer of 1805. This meeting was conducted by Rev. Asa Shinn. Methodists from about and beyond Wellsburg, on the Ohio River and from the Holmes Church, on Short Creek, came to the meeting, not only to renew their friendship of other years, but to aid in pushing forward the cause of Christ. It may seem strange to those of modern times when we describe the arrangements for holding this first quarterly meeting. The meeting was held in the grove. The seats were made of rails, logs and puncheons. A few puncheons were used for a platform. In each of two trees, standing about six feet apart, a notch was cut and in those notches was placed a puncheon about sixteen inches wide, and on this the preacher laid his Bible, and this was the makeup of the preacher's pulpit. The meeting was one of great spiritual power and several persons united with the church. PICTURE OF DICKERSON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, OLDEST CHURCH IN OHIO, ORGANIZED IN 1804 The second quarterly meeting was held on the farm of Thomas Dickerson in 1807 with the same arrangements and like results. In 1813 a quarterly meeting was held in the barn of Thomas Dickerson conducted by Rev. James Finley. From 1807, preaching services became more frequent. Asa Shinn, James B. Finley, Bishop Roberts and the Reverend McElroy were some of the early itinerate ministers who had preached in this community. The first church was built in 1817, although the selection of a site for a church had been made in 1806. The first burial in the cemetery was in 1807. The ground was conveyed by Thomas Dickerson and wife to Joseph Holmes, William Scoles, William Welling, James Worley and Abraham Holmes as trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 337 The organization of the Dickerson Church is clearly traceable to the labors of Bishop Asbury and Bishop McKendree, from the fact that the first members of the church came from Virginia and Pennsylvania direct from the fields of labor of these great and good men. But directly to Thomas Dickerson, more than to any other, belongs the honor of the organization of the church at this place. He was blessed with a fine social nature and a vigorous constitution. His piety was deep and uniform. * * * From 1817 to 1828, the church moved steadily forward. In 1828 Thomas Hudson and S. R. Brockunier were appointed to the West Wheeling circuit and this circuit included the Dickerson appointment. During this year, there were some accessions to the church and the membership was greatly revived. But the year 1829 is especially remarkable for its great spiritual prosperity at Dickerson's. During this year Thomas Hudson and William Tipton were traveling the circuit and Joshua Monroe, presiding elder. At the first meeting of the quarterly conference that year, a resolution was passed to hold a camp-meeting on the farm of Thomas Dickerson. The meeting was appointed and was largely attend. In the "Life and Times of Rev. Thomas M. Hudson," he says as the meeting progressed, the work of revival greatly increased, awakenings became more general and conversions more frequent every day. * * * He tells us, that among the numerous subjects of that great revival that he received into the church at Cadiz, many interesting young men, five of whom became ministers of the gospel. Bishop Simpson was one of them. Some weeks after the close of the camp-meeting, Hudson determined to hold a meeting at the Dickerson appointment. As a result of this meeting, over sixty persons professed conversion. This revival included to a greater or less extent, the families of the entire neighborhood and bore its fruit many years. From 1829 to 1835, the church was in a prosperous condition. But during 1835 and 1836 many of the members of the Dickerson appointment moved their membership to New Athens. The number thus removed was about twenty-five. This greatly weakened the Dickerson society. This removal of membership was caused by a new church being built at New Athens. But those remaining still adhered to the society with a strong faith. In 1839 the second camp- meeting was held on the old camp ground. As a result of this meeting, several more united with the society. From 1840 to 1850, the membership remained about the same. There were several additions to the church in 1851 and 1852, but during the winter of 1853, a revival meeting was held by Rev. D. P. Mitchell and Rev. J. B. Knox. This was the last protracted effort ever held in the old church building. It was the opinion of many and the desire of others, that as soon as Thomas Dickerson was gone, the old church should be abandoned, and that the members of the society should either go to Cadiz or New Athens-but those persons were much mistaken. Mr. Dickerson died. The workmen fell but still the work went on. The mantle of Thomas Dickerson was resting on the shoulders of his son, Joseph Dickerson. By much labor of his own, with such help 338 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES as he could secure, the second church was built in 1854. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Doctor Nesbitt. After the building of the new church the society received new life. The membership increased from sixty-five in 1856 to ninety-three in 1858. For the next two years after the membership remained about the same. The next four years were years of war and while the society and community were loyal to the church, they were also loyal to the government. In proof of this, twenty-eight of the young men that were either members or patrons of the society, gave their services to their country. Within a circle of one and one-fourth miles from the church, thirty-eight of our best and bravest young men left for the seat of war. It is not saying too much when we declare that the Dickerson neighborhood furnished more soldiers to the square mile than any other country place in the county. The first Sabbath school was organized in 1825, with Joseph Dickerson as superintendent. This history would be deficient without the names of its class leaders from its organization down to the date of this sketch. They are as follows : Thomas Dickerson was leader for forty-eight years. During the latter part of his life, he had an assistant. The next in order were Joseph Dickerson, Joshua Dickerson, A. H. Thomas, William Perry, Washington Soule, Joseph Holmes, Abraham Holmes, R. B. Green, S. M. Dickerson and J. B. Holmes. From 1804 to 1855 there was but one class. In the latter year, it was divided into three classes and a leader appointed for each class. "Time has removed nearly all who were horn before the building of the first church, only three remain with us (in 1888). They are Asa and Mary Holmes and (Knob) Joshua Dickerson." (See list of 1919 churches.) BETHEL CHURCH This was formed one mile north of Cadiz in 1811 by Rev. James B. Finley. Its nine charter members were: Morris West, leader; John Baker, Sr., and Margaret Baker, William Foreman, Sr., and Sarah Foreman, Zebedee Baker and Cassandra Baker, Joseph Kent and Elizabeth Chaney. This was the first class history and the church organization was perfected in 1818, when land was purchased and a log church erected, it being thirty feet square. The seats were split logs with legs in their ends. Preaching was then at noon on Thursdays. A new church was built in 1830 and another in 1839. The brick were made near where the church was built. At first the pulpit was of the upper story type and it took three high steps to get into it ; and the preacher had to stand up to see over the top. The seats were high-backed and closed at the bottom. This building cost $1,600. (See list of 1919 churches.) RANKIN CHURCH This church was organized about 1814 by Rev. James Roberts and Thomas Dickerson. For five years services were held m the log cabin of Thomas Rankin. Among the original members are recalled: CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 339 Thomas Rankin, Mary Rankin, James and Hester Rankin, William Johnson and wife, Joshua Dickerson, John Early and wife, Jonathan Early and wife, Margaret Early, Arthur Barrett, Isaac Barrett, William Jones, Rachel Jones. In 1819 Thomas Rankin donated an acre of land to the society on section 31, in Moorefield Township for the site of the church and burying ground. At one date this church had a membership of one hundred, but before 1850 the membership begun to decrease and got as low as thirteen. In 1870 a new building was erected after which the interest and membership rapidly increased. (See list of 1919 churches.) METHODIST CHURCHES OF HARRISON COUNTY-1920 The subjoined is a tabulated list of Methodist Episcopal churches in Harrison County in the autumn of 1919: Cadiz—See detailed history of above. Asbury Chapel, on New Athens charge. Dickerson Chapel, on New Athens charge. Bethel Chapel, on New Athens charge. Rankin Chapel, on New Athens charge. Harrisville, on the Adena charge. Georgetown, on the Adena charge. Hopedale, on the Bloomington charge, Edward R. Reed, pastor Jefferson. Howards Chapel, Jefferson charge, New Athens, on New Athens charge. Rankin, on New Athens charge. Jewett, on Jewett charge, J. A. Rutledge, pastor. Hanover, on Jewett charge. New Rumley, on Germano charge, C. E, Ross, pastor. Piedmont. Moorefield, Piedmont charge. Bethel, on Deersfield charge. Deersville, Deersville charge. Mount Zion, Bowerston charge. Pleasant Valley, Deersville charge. Mount Hope, Deersville charge. Scio, Scio charge. Conotton, Bowerston charge. Bowerston, Bowerston charge. Plum Run, Bowerston charge. Tippecanoe, Tippecanoe charge. Freeport,. Freeport charge, Barnesville district. Smyrna, Freeport charge, Barnesville district. ST. JAMES AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH This church is situated at Cadiz at the corner of Market and Buffalo streets. It dates its organization back to 1851—sixty-nine years ago—a dozen years before the colored race became free men and women. It now has a total membership of one hundred and 340 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES forty-two. It has a Sunday school of one hundred and sixty members, with W. H. Lucas as its superintendent. It is impossible to give the names of the pastors for the first decade m the history of this church, but since 1860 the list of pastors in charge is as follows: Rev. Alexander Austin, M. M. Smith, M. F. Welker, Surgus Jones, Solomon Thompson, Jesse Henderson, C. T. Shaffer, Jacob Cole, Newman, W. H. Brown, W. T. Maxwell, James Ross, B.. S. Lee, D. W. Butler, C. S. Gee, B. M. Carson, J. M. Means, James Tate, John Mason, P. J. Blackburn, J. S. Singleton, H. F. Fox, Oliver W. Childers, Charles H. Young and present pastor, George C. Cotton. As to church building let it be stated that this congregation at first worshipped pioneer style, in a log church on West Spring Street, near the depot. The second building was purchased from the United Presbyterian people on North Buffalo Street, near the corner of Market. This was bought about 1860 and served well its purpose until 1916. During 1916 the present beautiful red pressed brick edifice at the corner of Market and Buffalo streets was erected under the pastorate of Rev. Oliver W. Childers. The present value of the church and parsonage is estimated at not less than $25,000. BOWERSTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH This church was organized about 1876 by Rev. William McCarty with charter members as follows : Alexander Gamble and wife, Joseph Gamble, James Messenger and wife, a little later were added John Addleman and wife, E. M. Long and wife, George T. McKean and wife, James McKean and wife, Thomas A. Newell and wife, John Sams and wife, David Brower and .wife, and a few others, whose names appeared on an early record which is now lost. The church now has a total membership of one hundred and fifty-nine ; Sunday school has an attendance of one hundred and eighty-four under care of superintendent L. G. Newell. When first formed this church belonged to the Leesville circuit, but in 1891 it was made the head of a new circuit called Bowerston with a pastor residing at Bowerston ; Bowerston and Conotton were taken off from the Leesville circuit with Plum Run and Mount Zion composed the Bowerston circuit. Rev. John D. Vail was pastor when the change was effected. The following pastors have served this church since its formation : Revs. William McCarty, J. Q. A. Miller, I. K. Rader, Thomas W. Anderson, E. R. Jones, John Beetham, John D. Vail, J. W. Stephan, N. B. Stewart, Edward Williams, W. E. Beotticher, John C. Winters, D. B. Cope, R. B. Van Fossen, W. T. Walters, E. L. Lea, and present pastor, Rev. C. H. Roe. The first church building was a frame structure about 24 by 28 feet. It was on Main Street and worth about $600. The present frame church is 40 by 70 feet and was erected in 1880, dedicated in 1881 ; was .built under pastorate of Rev. John Quincy Adams Miller. Under the pastorate of Rev. John C. Winters, in 1911, the Sunday school room, Ladies Aid room and kitchen were built ; this addition was 36 by 40 feet and the present value of the church is about $8,000. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 341 The day on which this church was dedicated proved to be a very rainy day and this looked as though it would be hard work to raise sufficient money to clear the property of a debt of $1,400 hanging over it, but the faithful ones were induced to "go still deeper" and raised the necessary amount to pay the debt and the church was dedicated. Everyone aided in the building operations, money, work, material, sawing and timbers all were freely donated inside and outside the membership. A parsonage house was built in 1909 at a cost of about $1,600. THE PRESBYTERIAN AND CADIZ CHURCHES The first mention of Cadiz as a separate congregation on the records of the Presbytery of Ohio appears under date of Wednesday, June 11, 1816. The Presbytery having met at Raccoon in Washington County, Pennsylvania, applications for supplies were made from Cadiz and Freeport. Mr. Joseph Stevenson was appointed to preach at Cadiz on the second Sabbath of July and Elisha Macurdy one Sabbath at his discretion. Rev. John Rea was appointed to supply at Freeport on the first Sabbath of July. The Presbytery met again at the same place on October 25, 1816 and application for supplies were again received from Cadiz and from Freeport. On the following day "Mr. (John) Munson licentiate from Presbytery of Hartford, Ohio, was granted leave to itinerate and ordered to supply Cadiz the fourth Sabbath of October and Freeport the first Sabbath of January." Rev. Moses Allen was directed to preach at Cadiz on the second Sabbath of December and John Rea one Sabbath at his discretion. Rev. Joseph Anderson was likewise appointed to preach at Freeport on the third Sabbath of November ; and Andrew Gwinn at Cadiz on the second Sabbath of November. From this time on supplies seem to have been sent as frequently as Presbytery could furnish them until the installation of a regular minister. No better historical account of this church can be given than to quote from the sermon by Rev. W. P. Shrom, D. D., on August 21, 1884, which reads as follows: "If the records to which we have had access are correct, there was but one white family living within the limits of what is now Harrison County previous to the year 1799. This was the family of Daniel Peterson and his place of residence was at the forks of Short Creek. ,During the year 1799 Mr. Alexander Henderson and his family moved into this vicinity from Washington County, Pennsylvania. In the following year immigration set in chiefly from western Pennsylvania and the ancestors of a large portion of the present inhabitants made this region their home, the names of Craig, Jamison, McFadden and others being almost as familiar then as now. "The immigration was evidently very rapid for in 1820 the population of the county is given at 14,345 and in 1830 at 20,920, while the population given in the census of 1880 is only 20,455, being less than that given in 1830 by 465. "The county was organized in 1813 from portions being struck off from Tuscarawas and Jefferson counties. The town of Cadiz was laid out in 1803 or 1804 by Messrs. Biggs and Beatty. The present 342 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES ground was then covered by a heavy forest and inhabited by the Indian and such wild animals as abounded in this region. The town was laid out at this precise point because of its being the junction of two roads—one from Pittsburg and one from Washington, Pennsylvania, via Wellsburg, leading to Zanesville. Very early in the history of the settlement of this county attention was given to the organization and building of churches. The first church built in this region was what is still familiarly known as Beech Springs church—one mile west of the eastern boundary line of this county. Its first building was a small log structure which was destroyed by fire. This was succeeded by a larger one holding a thousand people and was the center to which all Presbyterians attended from a wide range of country. It was at one period the largest Presbyterian Church in this State, numbering upwards of four hundred members. The Rev. John Rea became pastor of this church in 1804 at which time what is now Cadiz was regarded as in the central portion of his parish. His first sermon in this immediate vicinity was preached in 1805 in a private house. As was then the custom, he continued to preach at different points in his large parish, and this region became one of these preaching points. The services were generally held on Sabbath afternoons or evenings in private houses, or in the log schoolhouse as was most convenient. This was continued until 1817, when under the direction of the Presbytery of Ohio, with Mr. Rea as chairman of the committee, the Presbyterian Church of Cadiz was organized." In his historical sketches Mr. Rea says : "I first saw the ground on which Cadiz is now located, in 1804, when the place now occupied by the courthouse and other public buildings was a forest of oak, walnut and sugar trees." Mr. Rea continued to preach after the organization of the church as stated supply until 1820. The history of the church from its organization is a little more difficult to trace from the fact that the early records of the church have been lost. The earliest sessional record we have been able to find is June 18, 1831, so that fourteen years of the most valuable records are wanting. The church was organized under the Ohio Presbytery and was for a time under its care. Then in 1819 the Presbytery of Steubenville was struck off by the order of the Pittsburgh synod and this church then belonged to that Presbytery until 1839 when the Presbytery of St. Clairsville was organized under whose care the church is at this time. In Steubenville records of 1820, Cadiz church appears with several others—the last on the list as "vacant not able." The same record occurs in 1821 with the addition that Obediah Jennings of Steubenville First Church was appointed to preach at Cadiz. At a meeting of the Presbytery held April 16, 1822, at Two Ridges, Matthew McCoy appears before the Presbytery and presented a call for the pastoral services of Mr. Donald McIntosh and was granted permission to prosecute the call before tbe Presbytery of Ohio of which he was then a licentiate. The call was accepted and Mr. McIntosh was ordained and installed pastor of this church October 17, 1822, Rev. Obediah Jennings preaching the sermon and Rev. John Rea delivering the charge (whether to people or pastor is not stated.) CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 343 Rev. Donald McIntosh was the first pastor that served this church. He was born in Aberdeen, Scotland, but came to this country early in life and graduated in his collegiate course at Jefferson College in 1817, and was licensed to preach the gospel by the Presbytery of Ohio. He continued to serve the church as pastor until 1826 when the pastoral relation was dissolved on account of ill health. Mr. McIntosh then returned to the state of New York and from there he went to Florida in 1828 where he died in 1830. Thus early in life the first preacher passed away to his eternal rest and reward. The second pastor was the Rev. John McArthur. He was born March 25, 1803 in Argyle, Washington County, New York. He removed to Ohio in 1819, took the degree of A. B. at Jefferson College in September, 1825 and was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Hartford, October 3, 1827, then in session at New Lisbon and was ordained and installed pastor of the United charge of the Ridge and Cadiz churches—in the former November 19 and m the latter November 20, 1828 and continued until October 3, 1837, when his relation was dissolved by the Presbytery of Steubenville. Mr. McArthur then removed to Miami University and entered on the duties of a professorship in the Greek language, to which he had been elected, and for twelve years he taught in this university and preached to a small congregation until his death which was in 1849. The third pastor was Rev. James Kerr. He was born December 23, 1805, in the county of Wigton, Scotland. He immigrated to America in 1832. He finished his education at the University of Glasgow, was licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Baltimore, April 27, 1836, and was ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of Winchester, April 22, 1837, and labored in Hampshire County, Virginia, until July 15, 1838, and being invited he visited the church of Cadiz as a candidate and in due time received a call and. was installed pastor, May 6, 1839, by the Presbytery of St. Clairsville and remained sixteen years the incumbent of said office until his death April 19, 1855. The fourth pastor of this church was Rev. William M. Grimes, born at Crabapple, Belmont County, Ohio, September 15, 1821. He took the degree of A. B. at Franklin College in September, 1844, was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Presbytery of St. Clairsville in April, 1850, was ordained and installed pastor of the Presbyterian church in Concord and also in the church at Bealsville. He remained in that field for six years. He was called to the church at Cadiz, October, 1856. A call from the church at Steubenville was presented before the Presbytery of St. Clairsville for the labors of Reverend Grimes and his relations with the Cadiz church were dissolved, January 25, 1876, after a pastorate of nineteen years. The fifth pastor of the Cadiz Presbyterian church was Rev. Robert Dickson, called September 18, 1876. Mr. Dickson was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1818, was educated at Belfast Royal College. The first nine years of his ministry were spent in Ireland. In 1850 he came to the United States, continuing his ministry in Pennsylvania 344 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES and Ohio. He served a term during the War of the Rebellion, as chaplain of the One Hundredth Pennsylvania Regiment. He was called from the Second Presbyterian church at New Albany to the Cadiz church and was its pastor until 1881, when he was called to Clifton, Ohio. The church was then without a pastor for about two years. The sixth pastor was Rev. W. P. Shrom, D. D., who came June 14, 1883 and he remained about three years. The seventh pastor was Rev. J. K. Black serving from April, 1887 to June, 1889. The eighth pastor was Rev. A. K. Bates, from 1889 to 1891. The ninth pastor was Rev. J. S. Plumer, D. D., from 1892 to 1911. The tenth pastor was Rev. R. P. Lippincott who came in December, 1911, and was still serving faithfully and well in December, 1920, having added about 300 to the church under his pastorate. The present (December 6, 1920) total membership is 606. Of the church edifice it should be stated that the ground on which the present building stands was purchased from Daniel Kilgore for a consideration of $150. There have been two church buildings on these grounds. The first was built in either 1831 or 1832. It was a spacious structure for the time, and had gallaries on three sides, and was built at a cost of between five and six thousand dollars. The sum was raised by subscription, and partly paid in money and partly in labor. The brick work was done by John Pepper, and the wood work by Mr. Robinson. Before the erection of the building services were held in the courthouse and at private houses ; also for a time in the Associate Reformed church. The present church was dedicated May 25, 1871, the sermon being preached by Dr. S. J. Wilson, of Allegheny Seminary. This house cost about $40,000. NOTTINGHAM AND FREEPORT CHURCHES Early in the nineteenth century, the territory comprising Nottingham Congregation, together with the region where Cadiz and Freeport are now located, as well as many other portions of Eastern Ohio, were mission fields, sustained partly by the Home Missionary and Synod societies of the Presbyterian Church at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. For nearly sixteen years there was only a mission station within the vicinity of Nottingham church of today ; and all was connected with the pastorate at Crabapple. So far as known, Rev. John Rea preached the first sermon in this region, he being of the Beech Spring church. This sermon was preached the second Sabbath in June, 1806, on the old Cunningham place. Dr. Crawford who was pastor of this church for more than forty years, used to write sketches of his work from which we have taken such historical data as is deemed suitable for this abridged chapter on Churches of Harrison County. In speaking of the Nottingham church and pioneer days, Doctor Crawford says : "In 1806 a stand was erected in a forest at the base of a large tree, where Dr. Rea preached his first sermon in this part of the county. Six weeks after, he returned and held religious serv- CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 345 ices in the same place, encouraged by a much larger attendance than on the former occasion. A council was held by a few in connection with the preacher, as to the propriety of an organization at this point ; but on more mature reflection it was deemed advisable to make this an outpost for missionary work, tributary to Crabapple church and that their pastor should continue to labor here part of his time, preaching and administering the sealing ordinances of the church to such as desired them, to which all parties agreed. Although there were no formal organization of this church until several years later, yet it was virtually organized under the ministry of Doctor Rea who continued five. years to preach occasionally at this point. A part of the time it was in a private house and in suitable weather in the grove. In 1818 a tent was erected on the south side of the grave-yard by Abraham Brokaw, Robert Baxter, John Glenn and Adam Dunlap. This tent was occupied in the summer season for eight or ten years and the house of Robert Baxter in the winter or stormy days. Doctor Rea established Nottingham Mission in 1806 and served it at stated times from the beginning until 1810, when all his labors were required at Beech Springs where his pastorate continued forty- five years and during all this time he was much beloved and appreciated by the people. The older members of the congregation were enthusiastically attached to him, both as a spiritual adviser and preacher and well they might be, for he was untiring in his exertions for their well-being. Thomas B. Clark, a licentiate of the Hartford Presbytery, came here in the spring of 1811 and supplied the Mission Station every fourth Sabbath for six years ; for there was no formal organization of a church here then, though often desired, by the scattered families of the "Ball Lick" settlement. Mr. Clark was ordained and installed at Crabapple by the Presbytery of Ohio, June, 1811, and continued there until dismissed in 1818. He had credit for being quite punctual in his engagements and rarely failed to meet his contracts for public worship, although his labors were abundant for his pastorate covered a territory of about fourteen miles square. In the spring of 1821 Rev. William Wallace, an evangelist under the Steubenville Presbytery, came here, and after preaching here and elsewhere for about six months, he made application of Presbytery by request of the people, for an organization of a church at the "Tent." The request was granted and Mr. Wallace was chairman of a committee that organized the church of Nottingham, November 17, 1822, with twenty-two names on the roll as follows : Archbald Todd, Nancy Todd, Thomas Morrow, Jayne Morrow, William Crawford, Adam Dunlap, Abraham Brokaw, Margaret Brokaw, Elizabeth Lafferty, Samuel Lafferty, John Glenn, Nancy Glenn, John Price, Mrs. Price, William Hamilton, Elizabeth Hamilton, John Reed, Ann Reed, Robert Baxter, Margaret Baxter, Mary W. Wallace and Sarah McKibbon. The stipend was to be paid the minister quarterly, one-fourth in cash and three-fourths in produce. Money was scarce and little to 346 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES sell with which to procure it. The products of the ground were few, until the wilderness was subdued and turned into cultivated fields; and after a supply of grain was had the markets were so distant ; the labor of shipping so costly, that when the expenses were paid the agriculturist had little left. The whole amount of salary was $300 per annum, paid equally by this and the Freeport church. To us this appears like a short allowance for the preacher and it surely was. Yet it went as far then as more than double the amount would today. Reverend Wallace died in 1841 and was succeeded by Rev. Gilbert M. Hair, who was then placed in charge of this congregation for two years. Thomas R. Crawford was the next preacher here at Nottingham church. The first house of worship here was erected of logs, a short distance from the old "Tent." It was built in 1821. In the winter it was heated by placing a huge pile of logs in the center of the room on an earthen floor, whilst the smoke escaped as best it could through the roof. The second edifice used at Nottingham was a brick structure 40 by 50 feet in size, completed in 1833. Here the congregation worshiped for twenty-nine years, when it became too small, so in 1859 subscription books were opened up and within thirty minutes one-half enough was subscribed for a new building. In February, 1860, a committee went forward with the work of building a church 50 by 73 feet in size with a large gallery and all surmounted by a tower 106 feet high (that was church style in those doys) ; this house was dedicated, free of debt, April 18, 1861. FREEPORT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH This church was organized in 1821, by the Presbytery of Steubenville. Messrs. Holliday, Leaper and Kincade were ordained ruling elders. The first pastor was Rev. William Wallace, who divided time between Freeport and Nottingham, until the spring of 1839, when he resigned on account of ill health. He died of heart failure in 1841. In 1843 Rev. John Hattery, from Washington Presbytery, became a supply at Freeport. In 1847 he was followed by Rev. Samuel Mahaffey, who remained a supply eight years. In 1859 Rev. John B. Graham became stated supply and remained until 1865 ; next came Rev. Samuel Mahaffey the second time, serving from 1867 to 1873. Rev. H. R. McDonald came next and served until 1881. Rev. W., A. Williams spplied from 1881-85; Rev. E. C. Eagelson, 1886-88; Rev. M. W. Simpson, 1892-96; Rev. W. H. Tannehill, 1898-1903; Rev. W. L. Beaumont, 1904-05; Rev. M. A. Boyd, 1905-06 ; Rev. W. C. Beebe, 1906-07; Rev. J. Byers Brice, pastor from September, 1908 to April, 1913 ; Rev. Robert Lee Brown, pastor from October, 1913, and continues to be pastor. There are now (1920) 180 members in this church and the Sunday school attendance is 130 usually. The superintendent's name is J. A. Cummings. The first building was a frame structure; the next was a brick on a different site, built in 1890-91; dedicated in August, 1891; cost CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 347 $5,500. A manse was erected in 1905-a frame structure costing $2,200. BEECH SPRING CHURCH There is no question about Beech Spring Presbyterian church being the first organized within Harrison County. It was not until 1802-03 that the settlers began to come in large numbers to that part of the county now comprising the townships of Short Creek, Green, Cadiz and Athens. A year later (1804) John Rea was licensed by the Presbytery of Ohio and entered this field as a supply for the people of Beech Springs and Crabapple. Rev. John Rea was born in Tully, Ireland, in 1772, son of Joseph and Isabelle Rea. About 1790 he immigrated to America and first resided in Philadelphia for a short time. He left there on foot and started for the west, traveling usually without company, and after crossing the mountains located in Washington County, where, in 1793, he married Elizabeth Christy. He made his home for a time at the house of James Dinsmore, a ruling elder of Upper Buffalo church, by whom he was encouraged and assisted in his attempts to gam an education. A few years later he entered Jefferson College and was graduated in 1802, being one of the members of the first class graduated at that institution. On August 22, 1805, having been duly called by the congregations which he had served as supply, Mr. Rea was ordained and installed as pastor of Beech Springs and Crabapple. April, 1810, he was released from Crabapple and thenceforth gave all of his time to Beech Springs where he continued in active charge until 1848 although not finally severing his connection with that church for three years after. He died in 1855. The following is a part of the farewell sermon delivered by Reverend Rea at Beech Spring church in January, 1851: I have come here today, in somewhat feeble health, to discharge what I deem a solemn duty; to take my leave of, and bid a final adieu to a church that has been under our care, and where we have lived and labored for nearly half a century—a church where we have lived to see one generation pass all away, and another rise in its room. That justice, in some measure, may be done thereto, reference must be had to her early history, and to some of the changes that have shaped her destiny thus far. To prevent being tedious, we shall do little more than outline it. This church was organized sometime in the fall of the year 1803, by two Reverend fathers, Patterson and Macurdy, who are now no more. Three persons were chosen, and set apart at the time as ruling elders, and a communion followed. This appears to have been the beginning, the morning of the existence of what has since been called Beech Spring, a name said to have been given to it by Mr. Daniel Welch, and took its rise from a group of beech trees that enclosed a large spring of water on a lot of five acres he had generously donated for the use of the church on the west corner of his section. The year following another young man and myself, of the first class of students that graduated at Jefferson College, having finished a course of theological studies, under direction of Reverend Doctor McMillan were 348 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES licensed to preach the gospel by the Presbytery of Ohio, June, 1804. After a tour of three months through the interior of this State, and another up the Allegheny toward the lakes, the winter following 1 supplied here, and at Crabapple, by order of Presbytery. In April, a joint call was prepared by these two congregations, then in union, and forwarded to Presbytery signed by the following persons : John Miller, S. Dunlap, W. Watt, Henry Ferguson, Jesse Edgington, D. Welch, Esq., and William Harvey. You will readily excuse me in the mentiomng of these names, when it is remembered that these were the men who founded the church of Beech Spring; these were the men who called me, who first gave me the hand of fellowship, and welcomed me to these woods. Most of these I remember with affection, and would gladly visit were they living ; but they are no more ; the last died the other day. This call being accepted I was accordingly ordained and installed pastor. of the united congregation of Crabapple and Beech Spring by the Presbytery of Ohio. August, 1805. Over all this extensive field, claimed by both churches, we had to travel. Wherever one was found, or whenever we heard of one of our connection we must visit ; day and night, summer and winter, all seasons of the year, without a road in most places, save the mark of an ax on the bark of a tree, or the trail of an early Indian. No man that now comes in among us at this distant day, and highly improved state of the country, can so much as conjecture the labor and fatigue of the primitive pioneers of the Ohio forests, out of which the savage had just begun to recede, but continued still in large encampments in some places, near the skirtings of little societies, where the few came together to worship under the shade of a green tree. The two churches under our care lay nearly twelve miles apart. Many Sabbath mornings, in the dead of winter, I had to travel ten miles to the place of meeting in Crabapple, having no road but a cow-path, and the underwood bent with snow over me all the way. Worn down by fatigue and frequently in ill-health, I was more than once brought near the confines of the grave. In all the region around, there were but two clerical brethern who could afford me any assistance, where now there are two Presbyteries and well night thirty preachers. Notwithstanding all this, I must say of those early times, as Jehovah once said of Israel eight hundred years after, "I remember thee, the kindness of thy youth, the love of thy espousals when thou wentest after me in the wilderness, in a land that was not sown." Those were the best times, and that generation, that Israel, as a nation, ever saw. During the first years of these two congregations, a great and good Providence was evidently seen over them. They prospered exceedingly. Their increase was unprecedented ; within our knowledge, we have seen nothing like ; without anything very special that could be called a revival (though something of the effects of the great western revival still remained and appeared at times in our meetings), yet so rapid was their growth, that in less than five years each became able to support a minister all his time. Accordingly, in April, 1810, the union between these churches was by mutual consent dissolved, and the way opened for each to employ CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 349 a pastor. Shortly after, a call was prepared by this congregation for the whole of our time and received through the same Presbytery as before. About this time there were several small societies forming at some distance from us, and appeared to be promising. From one of these societies an earnest request was forwarded to the Session at Beech Spring, that some part of their pastor's time might be granted them. With this request the congregation complied, and for some years a fourth of our time was spent in laying the foundation of what has since become a numerous and respectable congregation, known by the name of the Ridge. After the division of Jefferson county had taken place, and a new county formed out of it, Cadiz, then a small village, became the seat of justice of Harrison County. This village laid within our limits, and was considered a part of our congregation. Here we organized a church, at the request of the villagers, and labored a part of our time for three years ; since which our ministry has chiefly been confined to this place alone. For several years after, this church still increased, until she became, as was generally supposed, the largest in the State of Ohio. Out of this congregation, at different periods, there have been formed not less than six contiguous organized churches. Still she continued to maintain her standing entire, until April, 1848, when age and infirmity made it necessary that I should resign, and the pastoral relation of forty-three years was at length dissolved. THE JEWETT PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH This church was organized in 1873 and has had for pastors : Revs. R. Price, George P. Rowland, M. P. Steele, Isaiah Revennaugh and Leonard Twinem. The present (1920) membership of this Presbyterian church is one hundred and thirty-five ; present Sunday School has a membership of about fifty ; the present superintendent is Professor G. A. Dunlap. The church belonging to this society is valued at $3,000, and the parsonage at the same figure. The Presbyterians also have a church called Ridge Presbyterian church, near Hanover. In the absence of records no early history as to membership and other affairs of the society cannot be recorded in this connection. There are a few other Presbyterian churches in this county, but no response was made for data sought by the editor from Bowerston and Scio churches. THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF CADIZ The Associate Reformed Presbyterian church of Cadiz was one of the earliest missions west of Pennsylvania. As early as 1808 the work of organizing commenced in this section of Ohio. Reverend Buchanan was appointed as a supply to preach at Cadiz and was here several Sundays. The first ruling elders were Joseph McFadden, George McFadden, William Hamilton, and Robert Orr. Of the regular pastors of this church let it be stated that they included these: 350 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Rev. Alexander Calderhead, a native of Scotland. He became pastor in October, 1808, at Cadiz and served until the appointment of Rev. William Taggart, who was here from 1814 to 1838; Alexander Wilson from 1840 to 1851 ; J. C. Forsythe, 1852-58, resigned and Rev. J. H. McCready also resigned from the pastorate of the other branch of the church and Reverend McCready was then called to the pastorate of the United church, which union was effected in 1858. McCready served from 1858 to 1864; Rev. W. T. Melloy, D. D., from 1865 to 1878; Rev. S. R. Frazier, 1878 to 1880; Rev. S. M. Bailey from 1881 to 1886; Rev. R. G. Ramsey, D. D., 1894 to June 26, 1904 ; Rev. George W. Hamilton, D. D., December 11, 1904, to September 29, 1913; Rev. Charles Gilmore, D. D., installed in May, 1914, and is still pastor of the church. The present total membership of the Cadiz United Presbyterian church is two hundred and eight. It furnished sixteen soldiers in the late World War-a wonderful military record. An historical sermon was delivered by Reverend W. T. Meloy, D. D,, then pastor of the United Presbyterian church of Cadiz, on August 26, 1876, giving the history of the congregation from the time of the organization of the Associate Reformed church. So complete is this historical account of the churches to that date that it has been deemed proper to insert a greater part of his sketch in this work, making it a part of the important annals of Harrison County. Here follows Doctor Meloy's article: "The first house of worship used by this congregation was a log building, erected on the ground purchased from Zachariah Biggs, situated on the corner of South and Ohio streets. The purchase price was twenty dollars. The deed for these lots is on record in Jefferson County. The log building was torn down and a substantial brick erected in 1828. This house was occupied by the congregation until 1870. Its cost cannot now be determined. It was not completed until 1833, when the pews were sold to pay for its completion. The total value of sixty-six pews was $1,812, the lowest being appraised at $10 and the highest at $40. Nearly all of the pews were sold, as the amount received was $1,740.67. "The trustees were incorporated by act of the Legislature, February 18, 1830, and were John McFadden, Thomas Patton, William Hamilton, David Thompson and Thomas Bingham. William Haverfield was elected the same year in place of Thomas Patton, deceased. "The building was no doubt the best in Cadiz, and was esteemed at the time most eligibly located. Yet why our fathers persisted in erecting store rooms and hotels on front streets and churches out of the town, or on back streets, it is difficult to tell. They certainly did not advocate the penance of wading unnecessarily through the rich mud of Harrison County, on scriptural or sanitary grounds. It was the custom of the time to spend most of the Sabbath in and about the church. The forest trees had been cleared away, where the old grave-yard now is, but on every side the chestnut and oak and maple afforded a pleasant shade under which to hitch the horses, eat the Sabbath biscuit and discuss the sermon. It is even hinted that in those days there were worldly men, who talked about stock and politics, and women who discussed their neighbors dresses, and gay young people who arranged CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 351 for week night meetings that were not strictly ecclesiastical. And to that old grave-yard, now so sadly neglected, the mourner went, Bible in hand, and read over the verses on the new gray sand-stone, now fallen and broken, dropped a flower on the grave where now the briers and old ivy twine together, and with wet eyes turned again to the house of God to hear a revered pastor tell of a Savior who is the "Resurrection and the Life." But the mourner and the mourned have met together, the grave encloses both. "As already noted the first pastor was elected in the person of William Taggart. He, together with Samuel Findley, had been taken under care of Presbytery by students, on September 5, 1809. He was licensed September 1, 1813. He delivered his ordination trials at Cadiz, November, 1814. He was about thirty-two years old when he began his labors in Cadiz and fifty-five when he was released. He was a man of very fine reasoning power. He spoke slowly, and at times with apparent hesitation, but when the discourse was completed, antecedent and consequent, premises and conclusion were bound together by a chain that could not be broken. "It must, however, be confessed that Mr, Taggart took ample time for his discourse never fell short of an hour, and frequently reached twice that length. The order in public warship was then to have, after the invocation prayer, the reading of the psalm and an explanation. This exercise was as long as the modern sermon, and as it proceeded, more and more of the hidden beauties of Divine truth were displayed. The precentor then gave out, and the people sang one line at a time. It was something of a departure to mingle bass with air, but this was occasionally done. On communion Sabbaths, there were long debarrances made, that seemed to shut out the very elect from the table. Tokens of admission to the table were distributed on Saturday, and were brought on Sabbath to the table, where an elder received them. The male portion of the congregation carried the leaden token in the vest pocket, and the female, carefully tied up in the corner of a snow white 'kerchief.' Seated upon rude slabs, the rustic sofa of early times, Mr. Taggart spoke to the people of all the words of this life. Socially, he was a man of courteous though dignified demeanor, and was greatly beloved. "We must not, however, take the salary paid, or rather promised him, as the measure of the people's affection. Nominally, it was $180 for half his time; yet there is a record in the full, clear hand of Thomas Patton, clerk, that on September 11, 1830, there was owing to the pastor $663.60. That is, the congregation was not less than four years in arrears. On June 2, 1836, we find the following record : `After a careful investigation it is found that there was a balance yet due Mr. Taggart of $1,122.' May, 1837, this amount was reduced to $350.50. An excuse for this tardiness that was somewhat amusing, though it might be a terror to rich fathers-m-law, was, that Mr. Taggart had stock in a St. Clairsville bank and had married a rich wife. The Uniontown church took all of Mr. Taggart's time and he removed there in 1838. On September 6, 1865, Rev. William Taggart ceased from his labors. His body rests in the grave at St. Clairsville. This old and honored servant of God was not called to his reward until 352 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES the eighty-fourth year of his age. To him the shadows had grown very long, and the rest of the evening time was sweet. "In 1838 Rev. Thomas Speer was elected pastor, but declined the call. Two hundred and fifty dollars a year was appropriated for the payment of supplies and raised by a levy on the pews. "In September, 1839, Rev. Parks moderated in a call which was made in favor of Rev. Alexander Wilson, his salary being fixed at $500. His labors began November 1, 1839. Rev. William Burnette preached the sermon on this occasion, and a copy was requested by the congregation for publication. "The women of the church were not in those days supposed to have much to do with its management, as we notice that on January 25th, 1840, it was announced from the pulpit that the 'male members' would detain to attend to congregational business. Possibly this may account in part, for imperfect management, as we certainly would fail today without the help and council of our sisters. We were not surprised, therefore, to find that the congregation, six months later, appointed a committee to wait upon Mr. Wilson and inquire of him whether he would be willing to accept a $400 stipend, after the present year. Charles Warfel, one of the members of that committee refused to serve, and if he were living I would commend him for it. During the years 1840-42, the male members frequently met and attempted to doctor the salary which was falling constantly behind. The arrearage was in 1841, $36,76; in 1842, $93.31 ; in 1843, $116.67. At last the collectors in utter despair, resigned and new ones were appointed. It was then resolved, November 23, 1844, that these arrearages be assessed on the pews. To this plan there must have been serious objections, for on January 27, 1845, this resolution was repealed. " 'The male members met in October, 1845, and reported the following arrearages : 1842, $93.41; 1843, $109.67 ; 1844, $181.50 ; 1845, $384.00; a report on this subject was presented by S. McFadden, C. Warfel and M. H. Urquhart.' "Joseph Braden, Moses Urquhart, John Mitchell, James Patton, Samuel Carnahan and David Carnahan were chosen singers and two of them were allowed to rise at one time. The worldly business in which Mr. Wilson was constantly engaged, was some excuse for his low salary and might have justified a petition for his release, but it was no excuse whatever for neglecting to. pay a debt when it fell due. "At this time the number of families in this congregation was seventy-seven and of communicants 144. "In December, 1850, Mr. Wilson tendered his resignation. The congregation adopted the following, which may seem strange, so far as the connection between the statement and resolution is concerned: " 'Whereas—it is the duty of every congregation to support the pastor ; And, whereas the said congregation has withheld from the said Alexander Wilson, that support which a faithful pastor merits ; therefore: Resolved, That no objection be made by the congregation to the prayer of said petition to Presbytery.' "The congregation then attempted to settle with him on the basis of $300 a year. Mr. Wilson claimed $50 more, and after appealing to the Presbytery his claim was paid, and for once the congregation was free from debt. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 353 "It would indeed be difficult to tell how a pastorate, involved in such constant and harrassing troubles, could be successful. The services of Mr. Wilson were doubtless rendered ineffective by them, and yet the congregation maintained its position and even advanced during his pastorate. "Two candidates were again before the congregation, December 6, 1851, some twenty-five of the 'male members' being Rev. Thomas Cunningham received seventeen votes, and James Forsythe eight. Reverend Lorimer moderated in this call, February 24, 1852. Reverend Cunningham having declined to be a candidate, the blank was filled by inserting the name of Rev. James C. Forsythe. He was installed October 27, 1852. His salary was at first fixed at $500, but later was raised to $600. "A meeting was called October 31, 1857, to regulate the singing of the congreation, at which the clerk was directed to stand at the pulpit, rather than in the center of the house, the vote being forty to twenty. It was also decided by a vote of fifty to fifteen that the psalm should be sung without lining. Gradually the old land-marks that had arisen with the necessity of time, faded away; they filled their purpose; and while these customs were dear to many, they yielded to the claims of the present, and were willing to give up all but the principles which as a church they had maintained. The pastorate of Reverend Forsythe was brief. He resigned April, 1858. "The congregation enjoyed considerable prosperity under his ministry ; and with the union of the two churches, the Associate Reformed Congregation of Cadiz ceased to exist. "After the union of the Associates and the United Presbyterians in Cadiz, there were on hand two church buildings, two congregations, and one pastor, as Reverend Forsythe had resigned. A basis of union between the two organizations was agreed upon. Each congregation was to choose three of its members, who were to constitute the Board of Trustees. The church was to be called the 'First United Presbyterian Congregation of Cadiz.' The trustees of the Associate congregation were to transfer all their property to the new Board. The United church was to occupy the brick house, and the pews in it were to be forever free. Each congregation was to have an equal number of elders. The United congregation was to meet on the last Saturday in March to ask for the moderation of a call. These conditions were signed by Andrew Jamison and John McFadden, on the part of the Union church February 20, 1859, and by Martin Wilson and John Carnahan, on the part of the Seceder church, February 26, 1859. In accordance with these propositions, the Seceder church building was sold to Eliza Hatcher for $1,400, and the congregation worshipped in the old Union church. The elders of the Seceder church were Alexander Haverfield, William Miller, John Carnahan, Daniel Mitchell, and Thomas Jamison—five. Those of the Union church were Joshua Hamilton, Robert Davidson and Charles Warfel-three. Andrew Jamison and James C. Love were elected to make the number equal. Mr. Love was installed, but Mr. Jamison declined to serve. "Reverend McCready demitted his charge April 19, 1859. On the 3rd of the following May, a call was unanimously made for his 354 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES services by the First United Presbyterian congregation of Cadiz. This call was accepted June 14 the same year. The congregation seemed now to enter on a career of unbounded prosperity. But already the dark shadow of Civil war was beginning to fall on our ccuntry. The aggressions of the slave power were felt. This church had always, in the branches from which it came, denounced slavery. But now alas! its extension became largely a political issue. On this subject this church gave no uncertain sound. Reverend McCready had not waited to be an abolitionist until slavery was overthrown. He was not one of those braves who stabbed the dead Percy. He was a patriot ; and was willing to seal with his blood the testimony of his lips. He entered the Union army August 14, 1862, as captain of Company H, One Hundred and Twenty-Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Two months later he wrote to his congregation : 'Your pulpit was not silent in regard to those sins which have convulsed the land. "Nor did it give an uncertain, non-committal sound, taking its cue from the dictation of party politics. It was "known and read of all men." Seven years ago when thousands of statesmen and divines who are now with it, were against it, it preached what it preaches today, and what all the pulpits are coming rapidly to preach. It had not to be impelled by divine judgments. To these truths which I have preached to you, dear brethren, if I fall in this struggle, I am a martyr. But for their influence, I had not been here. My home was as dear, my life as sweet, my congregation as near to me, as others are to them. As for official promotion I was stepping down. As for money I am probably losing. Besides, what is money, compared with life and home and comforts? " 'But you and I have raised up a standard for God's truth. We stood up for its divinity. We had taught--the time came to act. God demanded sacrifice in its behalf. The clergy of the South had shown how much they were willing to dare for this error—this great self-evident lie—this blot upon civilization—this outrage on all religion and all virtue. God put the question to us: Were we willing to do and to dare as much for truth, for liberty, for country? What could I reply? I may fall! Your beloved sons and brothers may fall! Be it so. Our testimony in behalf of God's truth is not lost. You will reap the benefit of it in future years.' "As such letters from the absent soldier-pastor were read, feeling in the congregation ran high, and some refused to hear them at all. Others, who had sons and brothers and husbands with him were indignant at this, and for a time the peace of the congregation was much disturbed. C. L. Vallandingham was nominated for governor of Ohio in 1863. He was at the time banished for disloyalty and was stopping at the Clifton House in Canada. "The following resolutions were passed by the Session : " 'Resolved: That it is utterly inconsistent with the principles of the United Presbyterian Church to vote for C. L. Vallandingham for governor of Ohio. " 'Resolved : That we consider that voting for that candidate involves a great moral question and that no member of the United CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 355 Presbyterian church can vote for him without ignoring his principles on slavery and countenancing and encouraging disloyalty.' "These resolutions were read on the 27th of September. Reverend McCready obtained leave of absence and came home soon after. He moderated the Session and dispensed the Supper October 16, 1863. It would have been strange if he, fresh from the field of battle, where his brave boys then were, (save those who had fallen), could have been silent. He was not wont to conceal his convictions of the truth. Thirteen families and a large number of adherents withdrew from the church. A few of these never formed any ecclesiastical connection, but most of them were received mto the communion of the Presbyterian church at Cadiz. It was my privilege to meet Mr. McCready after his return from the army. He talked of the field at home but spoke no words of bitterness. Doubtless he would have suffered more had it not been a time when such mighty emotions were swaying the hearts of men. In the army Captain McCready was the same in modesty, candor, firmness, bravery and courtesy that he was at home. His Company, brave as any in the army, united with him in daily prayers to the God of battles. On the 6th day of May, 1864, Mr. McCready was wounded in the left arm, during one of the terrible battles of the Wilderness. He was carried from the field, taken to Washington and finally died in Baltimore at the house of Mr. Carson, September 7. His end was peace. "The church was draped in mourning. All classes wept for him. Even those who had spoken harshly, now spoke with broken utterance. But no sincerer mourners gathered about his bier than the colored men whose constant friend he had been. He, of all the ministers who served this church, is the only one who died while its pastor." [The Rev. W. T. Meloy, D. D., commenced his labors with this congregation on the third Sunday in May, 1865, as the regular pastor. Reverend Meloy's account of the history after his coming continues as follows :] "The congregation was at that time somewhat discouraged. Withdrawals had been frequent. The salary promised was $800. It was, after six years generously raised to $1,200. It was still the custom to preach two sermons on the Sabbath, with a half hour's interval. Changes, however, had been made. The word 'male' had disappeared from the record of our proceedings, and the singing was led by a choir, most of whom were ladies. The excuse for this was that most of the young men of the congregation had gone to the army. The Sabbath school was reorganized and Charles Warfel elected superintendent. The session consisted of Joshua Hamilton, Daniel Mitchell, Alexander Haverfield, John Carnahan and Charles Warfel. Robert Paxton and Alexander Campbell were ordained and installed May 11, 1866; J. D. Osburn and Samuel Kyle, May 22, 1868, at which time Ebenezer McKitrick was installed. T. C. Grove and James Megaw were ordained and installed November 88, 1873. "The propriety of erecting a new church had been considered for some time. The first meeting had been held in 1867. The proposition had been discussed at some length and with considerable warmth, and was voted down by an overwhelming majority. Subse- 356 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES quent meetings were held and it was argued that the church was needing repairs ; that in a few years a new one must be built ; that the present one could not be comfortable; that it was located at such a distance from the main street that it would not be possible to keep a good pavement to it ; that money was plenty and the congregation abundantly able to build. It was argued on the other hand that the old church could be repaired at a very slight cost ; that although money was plenty, building materials were high; and that the present location was eligible, affording ample hitching room for horses. The advocates of the new church constantly gained in number, until finally in the fall of 1868, a committee to solicit subscriptions was appointed. The congregation subscribed liberally. About $7,000 was raised and there was nearly $2,000 in the treasury remaining from the sale of the associate church. It was finally determined to build on a lot adjoining the church property on Steubenville Street. This lot was purchased and additional subscriptions taken. Many of the congregation, however, had talked about the present location. But Mrs. McNutt still occupied rooms in the old hotel located on it and was in her infirmity of mind and body, unwilling to move. She died about this time (January. 1869). A meeting of the congregation was called. The matter was left in the hands of a committee and $4,000 additional was subscribed on condition that the new church be located on the McNutt lot. This lot was purchased for $3,200. The congregation now had six lots, and the jest was made that they were going into the real estate business. The old church property was sold for $2,500. The old buildings were all sold and work on the new structure commenced. As it progressed changes were made in the original plan. The ladies had joined in the work and raised a considerable sum with which to carpet and cushion the house. The children also helped. The people had a mind to work. Comfortable stalls were erected for the horses. "The basement of the church was occupied in the spring of 1870. As the work neared completion, a proposal was made to sell the pews and stalls. To this there was earnest opposition. An effort was made to raise the balance, but failed. The pews were then appraised. The lowest value at $10 and the highest at $100. The total appraised value was $2,700. The pews were all sold and also the stalls. "The building committee consisted of John C. Jamison, Walter Craig, W. L. Hamilton, Andrew Jamison, William Hamilton, Sr., and David Cunningham. There work was done to the entire satisfaction of the congregation and was a standing evidence of fine business management. The Ladies' Mite Society contributed $2,000. The church was dedicated Thursday, November 24, 1870 (Thanksgiving Day). "Of the history of our church in Cadiz no one need be ashamed, while all her true children may rejoice in it, I have neither sought to magnify the virtues nor paliate the faults of our fathers. One loved pastor fell in the great struggle for the life of our country and the freedom of a race. From her communion there went forth as heralds of the gospel such men as Hans W. Lee, Thomas B. Hanna and John B. Clark, who though early called from earth, held places second to none in the churches and in the affections of the people, CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 357 A daughter of one of one of the early and earnest men of this church is pointing the sisters in Egypt to the Lamb of Calvary." THE ASSOCIATES (SECEDERS) CHURCH As noted in the history of the United Presbyterian Church in this chapter, there was a split in the church in early days and Cadiz had a church of each branch from 1815 to 1858 when a union was effected of the two bodies throughout the country generally. The pastors who served at Cadiz for the Seceders were these : Revs. John Walker, 1815 to 1818; Thomas Hanna, D. D., 1821 to 1849 ; Rev. J. R. Doig, D. D., from 1848 to 1852; Rev. Samuel Patton, 1853 to 1854; Rev. J. S. McCready, 1856 to 1858 when the two wings of the church united and he became pastor of the United church serving until his death in 1864. Other points connected witb the property of the branches, etc., will appear in the United Presbyterian section of this chapter. In 1920 the United Presbyterian denomination has churches at Cadiz, New Athens and Harrisville. The church at New Athens was organized as an associate church of the reformed body in 1841. The first pastor was A. D. Clark, D. D. from 1845 to 1861; Rev. R. G. Campbell, D. D., LL.D., still living, served from 1867 to 1886 ; Rev. J. A. Alexander, D. D. 1890 to 1894; Rev. J. H. Spencer, 1895 to 1911; Rev. W. 0. Fisher, 1901; and from there on these served: Revs. J. C. Smith, W. J. McClintock, John A. Rankin, who came in May, 1919. The Seceders maintained a church at New Athens from 1850 to 1858. Rev. J. R. Doig was pastor from 1853 until the union took place in 1858. AT HARRISVILLE The United Presbyterians had a society (rather the Associate Reformed), from 1842 to 1856, when it disbanded. Its pastor was Rev. D. B. Jones, who served from 1849 to 1855. Since 1890 there has been a church of the United Presbyterians at Harrisville, served by the same pastors who have had charge at New Athens. Among the pastors at Harrisburg-New Athens jointly have been : Revs. A. Alexander, D. D., J. H. Spencer, 1895-01 ; Rev. W. 0. Fisher, 1901 succeeded by Revs. John C. Smith, W. J. McClintock, D. D., John A. Rankin, since 1919. DEFUNCT CHURCHES The United Presbyterian and Associates have had numerous churches in Harrison County, but all but three have gone down for various causes. Of the defunct ones the following may be outlined: At Scio the "Seceders" organized a church m 1839 which lasted until 1858, when it merged into the United Presbyterian and continued until 1919. At New Jefferson (Germano) the Seceders organized August 14, 1838 and continued until about 1918 ; they own their building yet 358 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES At Tippecanoe, the Associate Reformed organized and continued from 1852 to 1858 and as a United Presbyterian church held out until 1900 when they disbanded. Reverend Waddell, D. D., as pastor was followed by Rev. J. W. Taylor, from 1876 to 1885; Thomas Love was pastor from 1890 to 1894. At Cassville, seven miles out from Cadiz, what was styled the Moorefield church was organized as an Associate Reformed in 1836. The first pastor was Rev. Hugh Parks from 1837 to 1856 ; from then on it was a United Presbyterian body and Rev. William Waddell, D. D. was pastor from 1859 to 1909 when it disbanded. A Seceder church was organized at Unity in 1813, with John Franklin, D. D. as pastor from 1815 to 1845; William Wishart, D. D., 1847-58 when it merged into the United Presbyterian body. The name was changed to Fairpoint a few years ago. Tappan church was organized as an Associate Reformed Presbyterian church in 1850 and changed to the United Presbyterian in 1858 and disbanded in 1875. What was styled Centerville church at Demos was organized as an Associate Reformed church in 1850 and disbanded in 1869. It was supplied. At Conotton an Associate Reformed church was formed in 1849 and changed in 1858 to a United Presbyterian church. It was later ,called Oakdale church. At Deersfield what was styled the Pleasant Hill Church of the Seceders was established and continued from 1850 to 1857. A United Presbyterian church existed at Pleasant Valley from 1859 to 1867. Georgetown also had a very early Associate Reformed church, but the field was later occupied by the Friends largely. At New Rumlev Salem church of the Seceders existed from 1837 to 1846 when it disbanded. At Germano Sharon church of the Associated branch was formed in 1827 and merged with the United Presbyterian in 1858. THE FRIENDS SOCIETY The Friends or commonly known as the Quakers Society in Harrison County has an interesting history all too long to be given in full in a work of this kind. It is our good fortune, however, to be able, through the kindness of Israel J. Green of Freeport to give an account of this denomination which should be made a permanent record in the annals of the county now being prepared. In the emigration of Friends from the states east and south of the Ohio River, the records show that the Friends in Jefferson, Harrison, Belmont and Guernsey counties belonged to the Short Creek Quarterly Meeting, near Mount Pleasant. In the early dates of 1800 to 1812, settlement of Friends were made in the western parts of Belmont and Guernsey as well as in Harrison County. Meetings were established in Belmont called Stillwater Monthly Meeting and Plainfield Monthly Meeting, composed of Flushing and Guernsey Preparative Meetings. Preparatives in Harrison County were established from 1800 to 1817. There was work at various points within CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES- 359 what is now called Harrison County, but we speak now more especially of the Friends Society at and near Freeport. Nottingham (later known as Freeport) Friends first worshiped in what is now known as the David Sears farm ; it was at a log house with a log schoolhouse near by to educate their children in. The schools always followed the Friend's settlements. A few early burials were made at this site, but soon the highway was changed and with it the place of meetings of the Friends. Daniel Windor gave two and a half acres for $50, now called the Greenmont cemetery, on which land. Nottingham Preparative Meeting was built in 1817 (date on a stone placed in the gable).; the building was a brick structure 55 by 95 feet with a folding partition so all the room could be thrown together and it is stated that on Sundays frequently the house was filled to overflowing. At that time there was no set pastors, but traveling ministers of this faith came along occasionally and looked to the welfare of the faithful Friends of the community. These calls were made only as the ministers were called spiritually of God to do such specific work. A schoolhouse was built on the new site mentioned above. Here school was taught by both men and women until the public school came into use. The Friends always preached and practiced the equality of the sexes and today they have their preachers, lawyers, doctors, farmers, senators, congressmen and judges, and equal suffrage is everywhere practiced now. "Speak to the people that they go forward." About 1820 the name Nottingham was changed to Freeport Preparative. In 1875 John Green donated a lot on Main street, Freeport ; the large brick house was removed to town, using most of the material in the old in the new structure. The dates of buildings were replaced in the front of the rebuilt building, showing that this denomination is always careful to preserve and care diligently for history and landmarks of value to those who come after them. Two and a half acres were laid out into a burying ground, which was named "Greenmont Cemetery." Here repose many of the bodies of the stalwart pioneers from the central and southern states, with those of a later date from every part of the country, waiting to hear the trumpet call of the resurrection morn. In 1818 is recorded the first marriage-Henry Carver of Freeport and Ann Stahl of Flushing. In 1822 a library was placed in Freeport meeting and continued to increase. From 1835 to 1840 large amounts of potatoes and money were raised to send to the famine stricken of Ireland. Brushy Fork Meeting "laid down May 24, 1832" and among its members are recorded Jacob Cope, John Knight, Joseph Rodgers, the Carson family, the David Barnett family and the Kents. Some of the charter members of the Westchester meetings were: Ben Parsons, the Jenkins family, Thompson family, the Carothers, the Fawcetts, the Mears. This meeting was laid down at an early date. In Lower Flushing Meeting had members including these: 'William Billingsley, Sr., Jonas Holloway, John Nevit, Thomas Meldrom. This meeting was also laid down at an early date. 360 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Nottingham (later Freeport Meeting) : The charter and early members here included these: David Winder, John Dicks, Daniel Chicken, David Maxon, Henry Carver, Sr., H. G. Martin, R. K. Price, Absolum Homes, John Whetshel, John Easley, John Mitchell, Joseph Caldwalader (a minister in 1818), Israel Wilson, a minister several years, Abel Pickering, minister, Thomas Ridgeway, William Pearson, Elijah Carver, Abner Carver, John Green, Samuel Chambers, Mason Miller, Samuel Green, Reuben Allen, Kinsey Mitchiner (school teacher), William Adam's, Sr., the Clark and Jones families. Many more of the early settlers in this part of the county were also members of this meeting. Later ministers included this list: Jesse Lloyd, William Allen, a colored preacher who had been a slave and is spoken of as a fine minister. Also William Thornburry, Isaac Stratton, Alfred Hathaway, John Iddings, Anthony and Sarah Bolland. The last named was the last minister stationed at Freeport. The membership has become depleted and have turned their influence and fellowship to other Christian bodies, who for the present have largely adopted the principles and teachings of the Friends. Greenmont cemetery intended to be given over to the incorporated village of Freeport. The brick meeting-house of the Friends Society still stands, and it is the desire of the Friends that ere long it may again be filled with loving, faithful followers of Christ, teaching and worshiping the principles of the Sermon on the Mount to be a blessing to the community and the world. UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH OF BOWERSTON This church was organized about 1860. The first building used was a Baptist church moved from Hagerstown to Bowerston, by Jacob Norick who in reality was the founder of the church at this place. The charter members were: Barney and Matilda Bowers, Dawson and Anna Sams, John and Charity Addleman, William and Eva Ann Timmerman, George and Miranda McKane, James Albaugh and Lavina Bowers. The present total membership is 117. The present Sunday school enrollment is 105 and the superintendent is H. E. Hammill. The following have served this church as its pastors : Revs. J. N. Masters, Reverend Airhart, Rev. A. R. Bower, Rev. J. M. Poulton, Reverend Saltsman, Reverend Workman, Reverend Coleman, Reverend Dilley, Rev. A. L. Moore, Reverend Dickel, Rev. W. B. Leggett, Rev. D. M. Slusser, Rev. J. F. Leggett, Rev. H. A. Dowling, Rev. B. A. Bonewell, Rev. M. F. Fritz, Rev. J. S. Jones, Rev. W. B. Moody, J. F. Davidson, Rev. E. V. Cole, Rev. C. W. Birney, Rev. W. B. Leggett, Rev. H. H. Davis, Rev. J. B. Phelps, Rev. G. W.Grubbs, Rev. W. C. Coder, Rev. W. A. Heylow, Rev. O. M. Davidson, Rev. C. C. Slater, Rev. W. S. White, Rev. L. H. Heigelmire, Rev. W. M. Whitehair, present pastor. The present church was remodeled by Rev. W. A. Hevlow in 1910. The present value of the church building is $4,500. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 361 The parsonage is located at Bowerston and the present value is $1,500. It was the first church built in Bowerston and is still "doing business for the Lord." Connected with this church there are the following churches of the same denomination and under the same pastor : Tunnel Hill, Gundy Ridge and Perrysville. CHRISTIAN CHURCHES There are four church organizations within Harrison County of this religious faith, formerly known as Disciples—one at Cadiz, one at Tappan, one at Hopedale and another at Minksville. The Cadiz Christian church was organized March 10, 1912 by State Secretary I. J. Cahill and 103 members. Its present membership is 200. In 1913 it had on its rolls a membership of 200 same as today. In March, 1913, the men of the congregation held a conference with I. J. Cahill, relative to the construction of a house of worship. The summer previous the residence of Hon. John A. Bingham had been purchased and one thousand dollars paid on the purchase price. In the spring they commenced to remodel the building for church purposes and built a model auditorium at the rear of the main mansion structure. November 23, 1913, the doors were thrown wide open to the public. There remained a debt of $5,000. Led by Doctor Cramblett, within thirty minutes, over $6,200 had been pledged. After sun down that night, the church property was dedicated in a most impressive manner. The building contains thirteen rooms. Provisions were made for body, mind and soul within its walls. There is a modern auditorium, ladies' parlors, class and club rooms for each Sunday school class, dining room, kitchen, bath and nursery. The pastors, since organization, have been : Reverend Bloom, 1912-15; Rev. J. J. Smith, 1915-16; Rev. A. A. Sebastian, 1916-20. This church is located in the very heart of the town, opposite side of the street from the Drummond Methodist Episcopal church and has every modern convenience for both church and Sabbath school work. SIMPSON CHAPEL This is a colored Methodist Episcopal church that branched off from the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Cadiz in 1871. It was formed by Rev. E. W. S. Hammond. Its charter members included these : Messrs. Jefferson Bozell, Anna Sharper, Samuel Tyler, James Mutts, John Trammell, Harmon W. Smith. There are now thirty-three members and a Sunday school attendance of fifteen, with Samuel Brown as superintendent. A church building was provided in 1889, costing about $1,600. The pastors serving this church have been as follows: Revs. Henry Bailey, Tindel, White, Heaton, Johnson, Ferguson, Jones, Lewis, Jones, Gray, Statesman, Driver, Steider, Bracknelyend, Morland, Mayer, Overton, Carpenter and present pastor Holland. 362 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES JERUSALEM EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH-BOWERSTON In 1832 eighty-eight years ago, this church was formed near the present site of the village of Bowerston. The present membership is thirty; Sunday school attendance about twenty ; superintendent is C. A. Bowers. The church is now without a pastor and such data as we have was kindly furnished by W. E. Emery, of Canton, Ohio. A frame church building was erected in 1892 on the old site. This structure cost $2,600. The parsonage is located at Sherrodsville, Carroll County, The following is a list of the seventeen pastors who have served this congregation : Revs. E. Greenwald, D. D. Swaney, A. Bartholomew, David Sparks, John Sunk, Reverend Yiesley, Reverend Swingle, Reverend Welfley, P. Clingler, D. M. Kemerer, W. Weiksel, William Hall, G. G. Kunkle, Reverend Gillman, G. G. Kunkle, G. W. Miley, W. M. Brandt. ST. JAMES LUTHERAN CHURCH-JEWETT The history in brief, of this church and congregation, is as follows: St. James congregation was organized in 1859. It was never a mission as this term is usually understood, but rather the outgrowth of two congregations that at the present compose the parish in conjunction with St. James. A number of persons holding membership in Bartholomew's at New Rumley, Ohio, and in Zion's at Jefferson, Ohio, but living in the vicinity of Jewett or Fairfield, as it was then known, were voluntarily dismissed and granted the privilege of effecting a new congregation, of which the following were charter members: Mr. and Mrs. J. J. Arbaugh, Mrs. Sarah Busby, Mr. and Mrs. William Bloomis, Mrs. Sarah Hornor, Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Hoobler, Mrs. David Hazlett, Mr. and Mrs. Emanuel Hoobler, Mrs. Susana Kimmel, Mrs. James Laughlin, Mrs. Mary Lucas, Mrs. Thomas Lucas, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Mikesell, Daniel Mikesell, Simon Nupp, Mrs. Sarah Orr, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Reid, Mrs. Elizabeth Ridenour, Mrs. Maria Shambaugh, Mr. and Mrs. William Stahl, Mr. and Mrs. Isaiah Simmons, Mrs. Catherine Shambaugh, Mr. and Mrs. John Stahl, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Stahl, Mr. and Mrs. George Simmons, Uriah Simmons, William Simmons, Jr., Margaret Simmons, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Shilling, Mr. and Mrs. Eli Shilling, Mr. and Mrs. Martin Shilling, Frank Shilling, George and Mrs. Shuss, John and Mrs. Shuss, George Shuss, Jr. This made a total charter membership of fifty- four. The first pastor called was Rev. Henry Acker and during his pastorate the first church building was erected on the site of the present church building, the ground having been donated by John Stahl. This served to accommodate the needs of the church until 1879, when it was sold and the same year the present structure was erected, the Rev. D. M. Kemerer being the pastor at the time. In the fore part of 1914 plans were made to overhaul the building and such work was completed during the fall of the same year. The building was then veneered with brick and other improvements added. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 363 The following have served as the pastors of this church: Revs. Henry Acker, 1859-66; Joseph M. Long, 1867-68; Joseph A. Roof, 1869-75; Duncan M. Kemerer, 1876-81 ; George H. Gerberding, 1881-87 ; J. Sarver, 1887-91 ; Frank P. Cook, 1896-1910; W. S. Langhans, 1910-13; H. K. Shanor, 1913-1919; Frank C. Snyder, present pastor. During the pastorate of Rev. Doctor Gerberding, he found time to write his celebrated work, "The Way of Salvation in the Lutheran Church." The total membership of this parish is 115 ; of the Sunday school, 127. J. A. Copeland and J. A. Hauch are superintendents. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Harrison County, although more than a century old, has never had a Roman Catholic church organized within its borders until the present year 1920, when a congregation was formed by those of the Catholic faith residing in and surrounding the village of Cadiz. The subjoined appears to have been the first notice in public print of the organization of this parish : "Catholic Church at Cadiz" was the heading of an item in the Cadiz Republican in the month of November, 1920, and the item read as follows: "Frank Ehrhart has sold his property in Cadiz known as the Ehrhart apartments, now occupied by the families of John Williams, Albert Wagner, C. J. Victoreen and Dale Smith, to J. L. Trout of Cadiz, who bought the property for representatives of the Catholic church. Father Joseph A. Weigand, pastor of Holy Name Church of Steubenville was in town Monday and he informed us that Father Dzikowski, assistant pastor of the Dennison Catholic church, will be in charge of this property and it will be remodeled at once so as to make an auditorium room for holding regular services. Later a chapel will be erected on the lot on Ohio Street adjoining the property." This was the site of the old United Presbyterian church, which was in use before the present church was erected about 1869. Services are being held at this building at the present and the members of the Catholic faith hereabouts are highly elated over the fact that they are soon to have a church home.