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404 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES CHAPTER XXI MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS OF INTEREST HISTORIC PARAGRAPHS-NOTABLE HAIL STORMS-MARKET QUOTATIONS- "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD"-BURYING GROUNDS-INDIAN TRAILS - ORIGINAL VILLAGE PLATS UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA-BIRDS OF COUNTY- BIBLIOGRAPHY. HISTORIC PARAGRAPHS Edwin M. Stanton whose wonderful executive capacity as head of the War Department, has given him renown throughout all the world, was at one time an active member of the Cadiz bar and the third prosecuting attorney of Harrison County. PICTURES OF GEN. GEO. A. CUSTER 1839-1876 HON. JNO. A. BINGHAM 1815-190 BISHOP MATTHEW SIMPSON 1811-1886 THREE FAMOUS CITIZENS OF HARRISON COUNTY-CUSTER, SIMPSON AND BINGHAM The Cadiz branch of the Pennsylvania lines from Pittsburgh to St. Louis was opened to Cadiz, June 11th, 1854. Messrs. Biggs and Beatty laid out the town of Cadiz in 1804. New Rumley was laid out August 15, 1814 ; Freeport in 1814 ; New Athens in 1817 ; Deersville in 1815 ; Harrisville, 1817. Magdalena Gundy is said to be the first white woman to cross the Conotton Creek west and located with her husband on the farm well known as the John M. Holmes farm, near the village of Conotton. Dr. T. R. Crawford was pastor of the Nottingham Presbyterian church for fifty years. April 29, 1866, the Harrison National Bank of Cadiz was robbed of $260,000. Within a few days the burglars were captured and most of the money found in their possession. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 405 Dr. William Custer of Scio, Dr. William Beadle of Green Township, Dr. John McBean, of Cadiz and Dr. R. H. Simmons of Deers- \rifle were regarded in their day as the leading physicians of Harrison County. John A. Bingham was elected in 1854, as a representative to the XXXIV Congress from the twenty-first Ohio district, and was a member of every Congress from the twenty-first and sixteenth Ohio districts, except the XXXVII, until March 4, 1873. In May, 1873, Mr. Bingham was appointed by President U. S. Grant, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan, which position he held for twelve years. Matthew Simpson, D. D., LL. D., was born in Cadiz, June 20, 1811 and died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 18, 1884. He was one of the most eminent preachers in the Methodist Episcopal church. He was elected a bishop in 1852. Gen. George A. Custer, the famous cavalry leader of the War of the Rebellion, was born in New Rumley, this county, December 5, 1839. The courthouse bell, the first one in Harrison County, was purchased in 1829. At that time the steeple was erected on the old courthouse and the bell placed therein. This steeple had three large balls upon it. NOTABLE HAIL STORMS September 27, 1850, a remarkable hail storm visited Cadiz. The little creek was for a time choked up with large hail-stones, some being as large as hen's eggs. Quinces fell from the trees and helped stop up the waters of the stream along with the hail-stones. This occurred at Mr. McConnell's place on Warren Street. All over town, on the west and south sides of the buildings the window-glass were badly broken. Mr. McConnell was kept busy making putty while men went hurriedly to Wheeling for a supply of wmdow lights. Some were brought here from Steubenville, too. The standard sizes those days were 8 x 10, 10 x 12, and 10 x.14 inches. The next great hail storm was July 5, 1877, in Cadiz and surrounding country. Hail fell as large as hulled walnuts, several were found measuring eleven inches in circumference. All over Cadiz, windows on the west side of dwellings and stores were demolished. Loss at the Methodist Episcopal church was over one hundred dollars. At the house of J. W. Osburn forty-eight window lights were broken out ; Thomas McFadden also had a large number of windows destroyed. The growing corn had reached the back of a horse and much of the crop here was destroyed by this local hail storm. July 14, 1886, at day break, a gale, accompanied by sharp lightning and hail again did much damage to growing crops south of Cadiz. Hail were washed down the hillside and in many places were drifted knee-deep to a horse. Two days later (July 16) the hail was not all melted along the highways and were collected in pails and brought to Cadiz. On the farm at the old fair ground, the fruit trees were badly stripped of fruitage and leaves. 406 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES May 26, 1907, hail stones as large as henls eggs broke windows in and near Cadiz. Tubsful of the hail were brought from ten miles east of Cadiz. (The above facts are gleaned from items in the Cadiz Republican.) MARKET QUOTATIONS At various times in the history of Harrison County, the following market prices for produce and merchandise have obtained: At Adena, in Jefferson County, near here, one hundred years ago and a little .more, according to an old account book still preserved, the following prices were paid for certain commodities and labor. These charges were made by Benjamin Chance : Fowls, $1.00 per dozen; one hog, 131 pounds at three and one-half cents, $4.50; six pounds salt, 25 cents ; 18 pounds meat at two and one-half cents, 45 cents; two pounds butter, 8 cents ; 113 head of cabbage, one cent each, $1.13; one peck of dried apples, 25 cents ; one pound coffee, 50 cents; one quarter pound tea, 63 cents. Another entry made in the same book dated February I5, 1810 reads : "Paid Hannah Humbertson for four weeks' spinning at fifty cents per week." "Jince Anseller was paid $2.50 for ten days' hoeing corn, and the 'old woman' was paid $1.00 for hoeing corn four days." PITTSBURGH MARKET ITEMS-1865 In June, 1865, just at the close of the Civil war, these quotations were made in the papers : Cattle, $7.50 to $8.25 ; sheep, $6.25 to $8.25; hogs, $7.00 to $7.75; wool, per pound, 65 to SO cents. CADIZ PRICES--1918 During the World war and in February, 1918, these prices prevailed in Cadiz and surrounding towns of Harrison County : (W. T. Wood & Son Grocers) raisins, 15 cents ; can sliced pineapples, 30 cents ; large can peaches, 25 ; Kelloggsis Corn Flakes, 11 ; National Corn Flakes, 10; coffee, 25 to 33 ; Golden Sun coffee, 28 cents ; Ivory, Lava, Fairy, Tar, Kirk's soap, 6 cents ; Lenox soap, 5 cents per bar; Gold Medal flour, $1.75 per sack ; lake herring, kit, 90 cents ; evaporated peaches, 15 ents per pound : prunes, 35 cents ; navy beans, three pounds for 55 cents ; buckwheat flour, ten pound sack, 85 cents. THE "UNDERGROUND RAILROAD" SYSTEM What was styled the "underground railroad" in slavery times, was a route or trail over which negroes were spirited from the slave states north into Canada where they became free. Such routes ran through parts of Harrison County. In his "Pathfinders of Jefferson County," William H. Hunter, the author, has this to say concerning the underground railroad in this county: "The Short Creek valley from Cadiz to Mt. Pleasant and including the region about New Athens and Crabapple church, just over the divide, on the headquarters of Wheeling Creek, was noted for its warmth of abolition sentiment from 1820 down to the close of the irrepressible conflict—abolition of slavery, pure and simple ; the CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 407 hard-headed austere seceders, the followers of Dr. John Walker, and other ministers of his kind, would tolerate no compromise and they looked upon Benjamin Lundy's colonization schemes with almost the same disrespect that they would consider any half way measure proposed by the pro-slavery advocates. Franklin College, founded by John Walker, was long recognized as the fountain head of the abolition sentiment of eastern Ohio, and it is but natural that the people first to drink of the stream were powerfully influenced; and further, it was in accordance with the eternal fitness of things that numerouS `underground stations,' so called because slaves were surreptitiously conveyed along certain routes kept hid during the day and hurried during the night season from one station to another on their way to Canada, should be established in this valley. "Of course, there were stations at the mouth of Short Creek, one kept by George Craig and one by William Hogg. One was kept by Joseph Medi11, on Warren Ridge, near Hopewell Methodist Episcopal Church. There were many in Mt. Pleasant, the slaves being kept during daylight in any of the houses of the villages and there is an authority for the statement that one good Friend kept a number of strong negroes on his farm from corn planting until after harvest. The house of Rev. Benjamin Mitchell was a noted station, there being a trap door in the kitchen floor through which runaway slaves reached a large hole in the ground when slave-hunters were searching the premises. The Updegraff house, a mile west of Mount Pleasant, and that of David Robinson, west of Trenton, were also well known to the slave on his way to liberty. The Bracken house in Mount Pleasant, was so constructed that the negroes could enter an attic by means of a trap door in the roof after climbing a ladder. Benjamin Ladd, the Quaker philanthropist, kept the Smithfield station. The one at Lloydstown, named for Jesse and Isaac Lloyd, was kept by Eli Nichols. One at Unity kept by Rev. John Walker, the courageous Seceder minister ; at Hammond's crossroads, by Alexander and John Hammond—John Hammond, Jr., and Joseph Rogers, now of Cadiz, being conducted between this point and Hopedale; one at the house of James Hanna (brother of Rev. Thomas Hanna) near Georgetown; one at the house of Silas McNeely (founder of Hopedale College), between Hopedale and Unionvale ; one at the house of Judge Thomas Lee, near Cadiz ; one at Miller's station, by David Ward; one at Richmond, by James and William Ladd ; and from here, the negroes were conducted to the home of Judge Thomas George, on Yellow Creek, then to Salem, in Columbiana County, from which point they had comparatively safe passage into British possessions." Those who harbored fugitive slaves in those days ran great risks, the penalty being a thousand dollars fine and imprisonment. Just as this chapter is being compiled in December, 1920, an obituary of Benjamin Cope, of Cadiz, in the local paper appears, he' having passed from earth's shining circle last week. The following explains its appearance in this connection: "As a young man Benjamin Cope was an ardent abolitionist, and since his father's home was one of the "stations" on the "underground road," on numerous occasions he acted as guide to runaway 408 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES slaves who were temporarily sheltered at the Cope homestead, at one time there being twenty-one at the Cope home, who had escaped from their masters in Virginia, in the part of the State that is now West Virginia, some of them coming from Wheeling. They remained in hiding during the day time, and in the night time Benjamin, sometimes accompanied by his brother Oliver would guide the runaways to the home of Cyrus McNeely at Hopedale, a distance of fourteen miles, the next station on the underground railroad." BURYING GROUNDS OF THE COUNTY While it is not practical in a work of this character to attempt to give a list of the deceased as shown by the tombstones and cemetery records of the county, it may be well to note the locations and names of the more ancient and important burying places within the county. Beech Spring cemetery is situated at Beech Spring church, on the southwest corner of section 1, in Green Township, about two miles southeast of Hopedale. Dickerson cemetery is situated near the center of section 32, Cadiz Township, about half way between Cadiz and New Athens. Crabapple and Unity cemeteries are situated in Wheeling Township, Belmont County, the former about two and the latter about three miles southeast of New Athens. Bethel cemetery is situated in the southeast quarter of section 28, in Green Township, about half a mile north of Folk's Station. Ridge cemetery is situated in the southwest quarter of section 23, in Archer Township, about a mile southeast of Hanover. Nottingham and Rankin cemeteries are both within Moorefield Township, the former in section 6 and about a mile southwest of Rankin, which is in section 31, one mile south of Cassville. The list as given above comprises most of the "country burying grounds," while nearly all the villages of the county have cemeteries of their own including the two at Cadiz—the pioneer grave-yard and the latter one which is now being used and is kept m a beautiful condition. Center Unity, over the tunnel near Cadiz Junction. Laceyville, in Stock Township, at Pleasant Valley church. Hines in Cadiz Township, near Asbury chapel. Cassville, Minksville, Conotton, near United Brethren church. Green Township cemetery ; May's in Washington Township; Feed Springs in Franklin Township and Plum Run in Monroe Township. INDIAN TRAILS AND LATER HIGHWAYS In A. B. Hulbert's "Indian Thoroughfares of Ohio," published in 1900 by one of the departments of the State Historical Society, is found the following concerning the Indian tract through Harrison County: [What is designated as the Mingo trail led from the Mingo Bottoms (Steubenville), on the Ohio to Duncan's Falls, a short distance below Zanesville. This trail ran through Harrison County, CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 409 passing about two miles or less to the south of Cadiz-practically it is the real route afterward taken by the Steubenville and Cambridge road.] Author Hulbert continues : "It is possible to believe that in the earliest times, the Indians traveled only on rivers and lakes. When they turned inland, we can be practically sure that they found ready made and deeply worn the very routes of travel which have since borne their name. From the beginning of road-making in the central west, we must go back two centuries, when the buffalo, urged by his need of change of climate, newer feeding grounds, and fresh salt-licks, first found his way through the forests. Even if the first thoroughfares were made by the mastodon and the mound-builder, they first came to white man's knowledge as buffalo "traces" and later became Indian trails. * * * One who has any conception of the west as it was a century and a half ago, who can see the river valleys filled with immemorial plunder of the river floods, can realize that there was but one practicable passage-way across the land for either beast or man, and that on the summit of the hills. Here on the hilltops, mounting on the longest ascending ridges, lay the tawny paths of the buffalo and Indians. They were not only highways, they were the highest ways. They were chosen for the best of reasons : 1. The hilltops offered the driest course. 2. The hilltops were wind-swept. 3. The hilltops were coigns of vantage for outlook and signaling. * * * "An interesting proof of the use made of the Indian trails by the white man is found in the blazed trees which line them. There is not an important trail in Ohio which is not blazed and it is well- known that the red men were not in the habit of blazing trees on their trails. * * * Upon the high summits of the long range of hills one may see today upon an aged tree, savage gashes made not less than a century ago, as the writer has ascertained by the study of the blazes made in Washington County on roads laid out by the surveyors of the Ohio company, 1795-1800." While there was no wagon roads in Harrison County, it is reasonable to suppose that both the paths and trails above referred to were widened and made passable for vehicles soon after that date; for the emigration that followed the opening of the Steubenville land- office poured in like a mighty wave. In fact large numbers of people had come into adjoining counties in Pennsylvania and Virginia, months before the opening of the land office, to be on the ground ready to have their pick of choice lands, same as was later the case in the great "drives" made in Indian Territory and Oklahoma. Then it can easily be understood when the bars were let down, the settlers came in with a rush ; and during the next few years many of the best sections in the present townships of Short Creek, Green, Cadiz and Athens were pre-empted. LAST OF WILD ANIMALS The Cadiz Republican, a few years since published the following facts concerning the last of several wild animals once so common in this county: 410 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES The last bear was killed on the old Walter Jamison farm, in the outskirts of Cadiz. The last deer shot was two miles from old Asbury chapel, on or near the Pink Rogers farm. About 1867 a large timber wolf was shot by James Chaney in the west part of Cadiz Township ; she had a large family of cubs and all were killed. In 1908, a large Golden eagle was shot near Hattonia, the last of the species ever seen in Harrison County. SHIPPING WALNUT LOGS In the fall of 1918, the last year of the World war, there might have been seen many loads of black walnut logs wending their way toward the Pennsylvania station in Cadiz, for shipment by the government, the same having been purchased by local dealers for United States agents, who wanted this scarce kind of timber for making gunstocks and airplanes. The loads usually consisted of three large walnut logs, and such logs sold for $60 each, delivered at the train. G. W. Rogers shipped five carloads in one day, making a total of twenty-five loads that he bought in various portions of the county. Added to this lot there was all that was purchased by four other buyers in Harrison County, something like 250 car loads of walnut logs shipped in all during that war period. This county sold more than any other county in Ohio, with Coshocton district coming in second. ORIGINAL VILLAGE PLATS The following is a list of the original village plattings in Harrison County, as shown by the county records: Bowerston (first called Bowersville) was platted by David Bowers, Henry Hoover and Nathaniel Bowers, August 21, 1852. Brownsville was platted by Absalam Kent, Jr., December 20, 1815; plat filed December 22, 1815. Cadiz was platted by Zaccheus A. Beatty and Zaccheus Biggs, October 29, 1804; plat filed in Jefferson County, October 29; in Harrison County, May 24, 1813. Deersville was platted by John Cramblett, November 25, 1815. Fairview (Jewett) was platted by John Stahl, December 5, 1851; filed January 9, 1852. Franklin was platted by John Marshall, March 4, 1837; plat filed March 7, 1837. Freeport was platted by William Melton, Daniel Easly, and Jonathan Bogue ; plat filed in Tuscarawas County, March 7, 1810, in Harrison County later. Georgetown was platted by George Riggle; plat filed September 3, 1814. Harrisville was platted by John Wells, Thomas Gray, Store Hutchinson and Robert Dutton, October 19, 1814; plat filed January 9, 1815. Hopedale was platted by Cyrus McNeely, October 15, 1849; plat filed July 30, 1851. 411 - PICTURE OF BIG SYCAMORE LOGS HAULED TO CADIZ 412 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Jefferson was platted by Frederick Zollers, December, 1815; filed January 3, 1816. Jewett (see Fairview). Masterville was platted by G. W. Holmes, in 1851. Moorefield was platted by Michael Moore and Gabriel Cane, December 15, 1815. Plat was filed December 27, 1815. New Athens was platted by Rev. John Walker and John McConnell, February 10, 1817; plat filed February 10, 1817. New Hanover was platted by John Fisher, August 13, 1812; plat filed, July 25, 1834. New Market (Scio) was platted March 30, 1852. New Rumley was platted by Jacob Custer ; filed August 16, 1813. Pennsville was platted by Joseph Penn, October 30, 1851; plat filed, January 8, 1852. About the same as present Cadiz Junction. Scio (see New Market).. Smyrna was platted by Samuel Burrows, August 4, 1817. Tippecanoe was platted by Alfred Heacock, December 8, 1840. New Town was platted in section 13, township 9, range 4, by John Heberling, October, 1852. Belknap was platted in Short Creek Township in section 2, township 9, range 4, March 20, 1904, by Charles F. Bronson. Butler was platted in section 29, township 10, range 6, by Henry Butler, March 2, 1880. It is now known as Piedmont (a portion of). Collinsport was platted by Zacheriah Collins, in section 29, township 10, range 6, November, 1878. Is now a part of Piedmont village. Adena was platted m section 1, township 9, range 4, April 1, 1905, by J. M. Wheeler. Walnut Grove was platted in section 23, township 12, range 7, May 5, 1914, by 0. L. Fulton. UNUSUAL WEATHER PHENOMENA (Compiled by Harry B. McConnell, of Cadiz, Co-operative Observer, U. S. Weather Bureau.) While the state of the weather is a daily concern of most people, accurate records of temperature and rainfall have been kept at Cadiz only since August 23, 1903. Joseph Holmes, of near New Athens, reported the highest and lowest temperatures, together with the measurements of rainfall and melted snow, to the Cadiz Republican from June of 1882, to October of 1889. He had standard instruments. Previous to that time the records available are based on ordinary thermometers and were kept by a few men who took an interest in taking note of unusual weather conditions. However, the following notes are based on pretty accurate information: February 7, 1807, was long remembered as "the cold Friday." In reporting a heavy snowfall (nine inches) that occurred on October 20, 1873, the Cadiz Republican stated that similar snowstorms occurred in October of 1812 and October of 1835. January 1, 1864, was a memorably cold day, with thermometers marking 16̊ below zero and colder. The winter of 1856-1857 was known as "the winter of the big snows." It began snowing the night before Christmas, and old resi- 413 - PICTURE OF HARRY B. MCCONNELL 414 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES dents state that it snowed some nearly every day and it did not grow warm enough to cause the snow on roofs of houses to drip from the eaves except on one day until after the middle of March. The packed snow was so deep as to cover the fences in the country and the crust of the snow became so heavy that it was possible to drive anywhere without regard to the main highway. Hon. O. G. Cope tells us that the lowest thermometer reading that winter was 36̊ below zero. John W. Osburn, who has kept a record of the weather for many years, states that it was 40̊ below zero at his home near Cadiz, in February of 1881, and that seven feet of snow fell that winter and that it was all on the ground at one time. He also states that on December 17th and 18th of 1884, there was a very severe cold spell, and that the thermometer did not get above 18̊ below zero all day. His home is in a sort of valley and his thermometers are not of a standard make, but they surely indicated unusually cold weather on the dates named. The memorable June frost occurred on Saturday night, June 4, 1859. It was cold enough at Cadiz to freeze tomato plants that were securely covered, indicating a temperature not far from 20̊. I have often heard the older people speak of the consternation of the people at that time and of the gloom that overhung the people who attended church that Sunday morning. According to the Cadiz Republican there was a severe thunder storm, with sharp lightning, April 9, 1874, in the midst of a snow storm that left six inches of snow on the ground. There was a furious snow squall at Cadiz on September 29, 1888. The winter of 1889-1890 was unusually mild. Lowman Smith, of Stock Township, had a hen to steal her nest in the woods and appeared in the barnyard on February 5th with a brood of little chicks. The Cadiz Republican reported April of 1881 as being a regular winter month and that on March 16th and 17th of that year there was a big snow that remained on the ground until April 25th. Peach trees were in bloom February 28, 1890. They were in bloom March 16, 1828, the birthday of the father of the writer of this sketch. It began to rain at noon of Thursday, April 18, 1901, raining steadily until Friday afternoon, when it changed to sleet and rain and the twigs of trees that were as thick as a lead pencil became coated with ice until they were as thick as a broom handle with ice on the trunk of the trees a half inch thick. Streets and roads were blocked with fallen trees. Friday night and Saturday it snowed and on Sunday morning there were 20 inches of snow on the ground. A rather narrow strip of eastern Ohio was affected by this storm. The thermometer remained almost continuously below zero from February 8th to the 15, 1899, reaching as low as 32̊ below on the morning of the 10th. January 8, 1884, two feet of snow fell at Cadiz. There was over 23 inches of rainfall in July and August, 1888. Rainfall for that year 65 inches. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 415 On February 7, 1904, lightning struck five times within and near town in five minutes. Stephen Kail was killed by lightning at New Rumley on July 1, 1904. Plum trees were blue-black with unpicked fruit the winter of 1904-1905. Harry Hamill killed by lightning near Conotton in May of 1906. Twenty-nine and a ,half inches of snow in March of 1906. April was a colder month than March in 1907. A great meteor passed over this county August 10, 1907. It left a trail of sparks and was followed by a loud explosion and prolonged roar. Dishes were reported as having rattled in cupboards, etc. May 1, 1908, came in with 41/2 inches of snow on the ground, following a blizzard of the day before. The M. E. church at Cadiz was struck by lightning and damaged by fire June 20, 1908. The U. P. church at Cadiz was damaged by a storm on July 12th, the same year, and the steeple blown off and two days later the Cadiz Presbyterian church was struck by lightning. We were supposed to have passed through the tail of Halley's Comet on May 18th of 1910. It was visible in the eastern sky on the early mornings in May, and after the 18th it showed as a faint streak of light in the western sky. A few flakes of snow fell on May 31, 1910. Bessie McCort, twenty miles north of Cadiz in Carroll County, struck by lightning and killed July 10, 1912. Snowfall on November 9, 1913, measured twenty inches. Mrs. Ross McAfee killed by lightning at New Rumley June 23, 1914. The government thermometer at Cadiz registered 17̊ below zero on February 5, 1918. Other deaths from lightning in Harrison County not heretofore mentioned include Levi Mallernee, of Nottingham. Township, June 21, 1896. Anna Dickerson, aged eleven years, of Columbus, who was visiting at the home of Samuel McFadden, near Cadiz, killed by a bolt of lightning on the front porch of the house on June 21, 1892. A young man named Ferrell was killed by lightning near Freeport, August 24, 1870. There was a remarkable halo in the sky on April 25, 1920. The heavens were intersected with circular bands of light which were brilliantly colored, resembling rainbows. BIRDS OF THE COUNTY (By Harry B. McConnell.) The following is a preliminary list of the birds of Harrison County, taken from records kept by Harry B. McConnell, of Cadiz, who also had access to notes furnished by Emmett E. Smith of near Laceyville, Harrison County, and John Worley, of Cadiz. The list is not intended to include all the birds that might be found in Harrison County, since a number of migrants and winter visitors may have escaped notice, but such a list will be useful for reference in the future. 416 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Hole-bill Grebe. On February 6, 1905, when the temperature was below zero, some boys brought me a strange "duck" that they had seen fly against the telephone wires in an alley in Cadiz. It proved to be a Hole-bill Grebe, the only county record. Pied-billed Grebe. Not uncommon migrant. A live one was once brought to me to 'identify. Loon. This bird is almost as large as an eagle and is also known as the Great Northern Diver. I have been called on to identify at least three live specimens in the last twenty years that were captured during the spring migration. Herring Gull. I have a single record of one I saw on the Chautauqua Lake. American Merganser. E. E. Smith has records for this bird, also known as the Shelldrake and Fish Duck, made on April 28, 1909, and February 17, 1917. Mallard Duck. Common migrant. Black Duck. One record, November 22, 1912, made by E. E. Smith. Baldpate Duck. March 26, 1915, and March 8, 1918. (Smith.) Blue-winged Teal. E. E. Smith has seen this duck on three different dates. Pintail. Mr. Smith has several dates for this duck. Redhead Duck. April 24-28, 1918. (Smith.) Lesser Scoup Duck. The most common duck seen in the migration season on the Chautauqua Lake. Buffle-head. A pair of these ducks April 20, 1906. (Smith.) Old-squaw Duck. Mr. Smith has one record for February 14, 1904. American Golden-eye Duck. March 3, 1911, November 15, 1912. (Smith.) Common Tern. Seven birds, April 23, 1911. (Smith.) Snow Goose. Two records, February 29th and March 4, 1904. (Smith.) Canada Goose. While frequently seen flying overhead, I once saw five birds at close range on the Chautauqua Lake. Whistling Swan. I have records of several being shot in the county and mounted by local taxidermists. American Bittern. One live bittern and several dead ones have been brought to me for identification. Great Blue Heron. This bird, commonly spoken of a "Crane," is becoming rare for this part of the State. It has nested in this county. Green Heron. Commonly known as the "Shitepoke". Formerly common on the streams in this county, is now becoming rare. Sora Rail. Not uncommon spring and fall migrant. Florida Gallinule. My records are of birds shot for ducks and brought to me for identification. American Coot. Same as the preceding. American Woodcock. An irregular migrant. Wilson Snipe. A more common migrant in the spring than in autumn. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 417 Least Sandpiper. Rare. Two birds May 18, 1915. (Smith.) Pectoral Sandpiper. One record, October 16, 1917. "It had the oddest creaking note I ever heard."—Smith. Greater Yellow-legs. Irregular migrant. Lesser Yellow-legs. Same as the preceding. Solitary Sandpiper. More common in the spring than in the fall. Spotted Sandpiper. Very common summer resident. Bartramian Sandpiper. A rare migrant. American Golden Plover. Rare. April 3, 1911. Three birds. (Smith.) Killdeer. Common summer resident and occasionally found in winter also. Bob-white. Resident. Ruffled Grouse. I once found a nest of this noble bird almost within the corporation of Cadiz. Now confined to a few timbered areas in the county. Wild Turkey. Extinct. Passenger Pigeon. Extinct. Mourning Dove. Common summer resident. Decreasing. Turkey Vulture. Casual summer resident. Black Vulture. Very rare. One shot by Homer Moyer, December 17, 1906. Marsh Hawk. E. E. Smith found a nest of this hawk June 17, 1914, containing four eggs. He usually finds this species every year. Sharp-shinned Hawk. Not common resident. Cooper Hawk. Both species are destructive to birds and young chickens. The Cooper hawk resents your intrusion in the woods and makes your presence known by an irritated kek-kek-kek. Red-tailed Hawk. The bounty on hawks is working havoc with this species. The large hawks seen sailing out in the open are usually this species. Red-shouldered Hawk. Not nearly so common as the preceding. Brod-winged Hawk. April 12, 1908. (Smith.) Golden Eagle. While Chapman states that it is his belief that the young of the Bald eagle are usually mistaken for the Golden eagle, I carefully examined a specimen in captivity at Piedmont in 1901. Bald Eagle. The visits of this eagle to our country are so notable as to make the occasion a memorable one. Pigeon Hawk. May 8, 1917. (Smith.) Sparrow Hawk. Now the most common hawk. Osprey. Several records. E. E. Smith once saw it catch a fish in Little Stillwater Creek. Barn Owl. The "Monkey-faced" owl has been considered rare in the State, but there are several records of its occurrence in this county. Long-eared Owl. December 26, 1915. (Smith.) Short-eared Owl. Two took up their abode in the Cadiz cemetery one winter. Barred Owl. Not common. Great-horned Owl. This is the most common large owl. 418 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Screech Owl. Common. I find the ones in the red phase of plumage more common than those in the gray phase. Snowy Owl. A southward flight of this large Arctic owl brought a number of them to spend the winter among the pine trees in the Cadiz cemetery. Several were shot and mounted by Mr. Dallas and J. W. Scott. One captured alive by C. B. Gilleland near Cadiz in December of 1907. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. Common summer resident. Black-billed Cuckoo. One or two records are possible each spring. Kingfisher. Common summer resident locally. Several winter records. Hairy Woodpecker. Resident. Downy Woodpecker. It requires a little practice to distinguish the difference between these two woodpeckers, but the Downy is by far the most common. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Usually to be found in the spring and fall seasons, but I have several winter records. One relished unpicked grapes at the residence of Emma Ellison one winter. Pileated Woodpecker. This large woodpecker can be found only in the more remote parts of the county. Decreasing as the timber is cleared away. Red-headed Woodpecker. Common summer resident. Sometimes remains all winter. Red-bellied Woodpecker. Dawson's Ohio Birds states that this bird is an occasional winter resident. It has always been a common winter resident in this section. Northern Flicker. Resident. Whip-poor-will. Summer resident. Nighthawk. Rather common summer resident. Chimney Swift. Common summer resident. Ruby-throated Hummingbird. Summer resident. Kingbird. Summer resident. Crested Flycatcher. This is the bird that decorates its nest with cast-off snake skins. Summer resident. Phebe. Summer resident. Wood Pewee. Summer resident. Least Flycatcher. Usually found every spring. Green-crested Flycatcher. Known to nest in the county. Prairie Horned Lark. Dawson's Birds of Ohio does not state positively that this bird nests in Ohio. E. E. Smith has found its nest in this county. Blue Jay. Resident. Sometimes nests in Cadiz. Crow. Common resident. A few remain every winter. Bobolink. Sumnier resident, but decreasing in numbers. Cowbird. Summer resident. Have one winter record. Red-winged Blackbird. Common summer resident. Meadowlark. Abundant summer resident. Often found in winter. Orchard Oriole. Not common summer resident. Baltimore Oriole. Summer resident. Rusty Blackbird. To be found nearly every spring. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 419 Bronzed Grackle. Abundant summer resident. Often found in winter. Purple Finch. Spring and fall migrant. White-winged Crossbill. November 10, 19 and 23, 1906. (Smith.) Redpoll Smith reports finding them nearly every winter. Not often seen about Cadiz. Goldfinch. Common in summer, but not easily found in winter. Pine Siskin. November 16, 17 and 2I, 1913. (Smith.) Snowflake. This is a bird I have' diligently looked for in many a winter walk. Smith's records are for February 24, 1910, and January 23, 1920. Lapland Longspur. March 25, 1912. "About forty birds. My only record."—Smith. Vesper Sparrow. Common summer resident. Savanna Sparrow. One record, September 22, 1911, two birds, by Smith. I am fairly certain I have seen it on one or two occasions. Grasshopper Sparrow. To be found in upland country in summer. Lark Sparrow. This is one of the rarer sparrow to be found in Harrison County. White-crowned Sparrow. An aristocrat among the sparrows. Can be found during the spring migrations. White-throated Sparrow. Common spring and fall migrant. Tree Sparrow. The most common winter resident. Chipping Sparrow. Once the familiar "door-step" sparrow, now decreasing in numbers, due to the English sparrow. Field Sparrow. Common summer resident. Slate-colored Junco. Not so common as the Tree sparrow, in winter. Late records extend into April. Song Sparrow. Common resident. Swamp Sparrow. A few may be found during the spring migration. Fox Sparrow. While some authorities state that the Fox Sparrow does not sing during the spring migration, I once ran across a flock of about thirty, in full song. Towhee. Common bird of the woods in summer. Several winter records. Cardinal. The redbird is common throughout the year. A pure white one remained on the John S. Merryman farm for several years. Rose-breasted Grossbeak. Not common migrant. I found it one summer in the Jamison woods, south of town. Indigo Bunting. Summer resident. Dickcissel. A bird that belongs in the middle west. Tune I9, 1909. (Smith.) Scarlet Tanager. This bird is fairly a "torch of flame," and people are loath to believe it is not a rare bird from the tropics when they first see it, but it can readily be found every summer. Summer Tanager. A pair seen east of, town one year. Purple Martin. Abundant summer resident where martin houses are provided for them. 420 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES Cliff Swallow. E. E. Smith reports them missing during the summer of 1920 for the first time in his experience. Barn Swallow. Common summer resident. Tree Swallow. A record every two or three years. (Smith.) Bank Swallow. I first identified this swallow along the creek at Warfel. Cedar Waxwing. Erratic. Recorded it in our Christmas census for Bird Lore in 1920. Has nested in Cadiz. Northern Shrike. February 6, 1912. (Smith.) Migrant Shrike. "I make records of it but never can find it nesting."—Smith. Red-eyed Vireo. Common summer resident. Warbling Vireo. Nests in Cadiz. Yellow-throated Vireo. Summer resident. Blue-headed Vireo. Rather common spring migrant. White-eyed Vireo. The unusual song of this bird got me out of bed early one May morning, and I gave it quite a chase before I satisfactorily identified it. Black and White Warbler. Common spring and fall migrant. Prothonotary Warbler. An unusual bird for Ohio. I found one once in the Porter woods, near Cadiz, and observed it closely for fifteen minutes through. my field glasses. Worm-eating Warbler. Smith's one record for this bird was made in the midst of the spring migration, while my only record was made in August. Blue-winged Warbler. I found this warbler nesting near the county infirmary several years in succession. Sycamore Warbler. Smith has one record for this bird, September 13, 1914. Nashville Warbler. Spring migrant. Tennessee Warbler. Spring migrant. Hard to distinguish from the Nashville and Orange-crowned Warbler. Northern Parula Warbler. May 6, 1906. (Smith.) Cape May Warbler. Not very common, but have both spring and fall dates for this warbler. Yellow Warbler. Common summer resident. Nests in Cadiz. Black-throated Blue Warbler. Common migrant. Myrtle Warbler. One of the first warblers to appear in the spring. Magnolia Warbler. This beautiful warbler can be found usually every spring. Cerulean Warbler. Nests in the county. Chestnut-sided Warbler. One of the more common migrating warblers. Bay-breasted Warbler. One of the last warblers to pass north. But few records. Black-poll Warbler. I have a record made in June, a late date for the spring migration. Blackburnian Warbler. The first sight of this beauty through field glasses tends to excite any bird lover. Common in the spring. Black-throated Green Warbler. Spring and fall migrant. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 421 Pine Warbler. Smith's record, as well as my own, are for September. Oven-bird. Common resident of the deep woods. Louisiana Water Thrush. Nests along streams in the woods. Kentucky Warbler. An easily identified woods warbler. Nests. Mourning Warbler. Audubon reported this warbler exceedingly rare. I have found it several times in the spring and have heard it sing. Smith's one record is for August 13, 1911. Northern Yellow-throat. Common summer resident in suitable localities. Yellow-breasted Chat. We are fortunate in having this mimic, ventriloquist and clown among the birds with us every summer. Hooded Warbler. An easily recognized warbler, but not common. Wilson Warbler. One or two records a year is possible. Canadian Warbler. Not common in the spring migration. Redstart. An easily identified warbler that looks like a big butterfly. Nests in the county. Pipit. While Smith reports this bird can be found every year, it is not at all common about Cadiz. Mockingbird. This rare songster from the South is occasionally found in this county, and it has been reported to me as having nested in the county. Catbird. Very common summer resident. One remained all winter (1918-1919) at the home of Ed C. Johnston in Cadiz. Brown Thrasher. The "Merry Brown Thrush" of the school reader. Common summer resident. Carolina Wren. For several years this bird was about, Cadiz throughout the year, and its song could be heard on winter days, but it is becoming rare. Bewick's Wren. Not common resident. House Wren. Common summer resident. Winter Wren. Migrant. Have no winter dates. Brown Creeper. Migrant. A number of winter records, White-breasted Nuthatch. Common resident. More common in Winter than in summer. Red-breasted Nuthatch. John Worley reports that one lone bird spent the winter of 1912-1913 in the Cadiz cemetery, Tufted Titmouse. Common resident. Chickadee. Common resident. Golden-crowned Kinglet. Usually common spring and fall migrant and occasionally found in the winter. Reported as decreasing in numbers. Ruby-crowned Kinglet. Fairly common migrant. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. Summer resident. Wood Thrush. Common summer, resident. Nests in Cadiz. Wilson Thrush. Migrant. Gray-cheeked Thrush. Not common migrant. Olive-back Thrush. Spring and fall migrant. Hermit Thrush. This bird has the reputation. of being the finest songster among the American birds, and E. E. Smith had the rare 422 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES good fortune to hear it sing, but it is generally silent during the migration season. John Worley found one on November 30, 1912. Robin. Abundant summer resident. A few usually remain all winter. Bluebird. Common summer resident, although a few are often found in the winter season Ring-necked Pheasant. Introduced. A few wintered in the suburbs of Cadiz, and even came into town, winter of 1920-1921. English Starling. John Worley, Harry McConnell and Milton Ronsheim found a flock of these birds December 26, 1920, the first record for the county of a bird promises to become as great a nuisance as the English Sparrow, another "introduced" species. COUNTY BIBLIOGRAPHY (Compiled by Harry B. McConnell.) The following list of books relate in some way to Harrison County, either by reason of the authors having resided in the county, or are at present residents of the county, while a part of them refer to the county in the text matter. Several are novels founded on incidents and personages belonging to the county, or else the scenes are laid in the county. It is understood that it is the intention of the owner of the collection to turn the books over to the Cadiz Public Library for preservation for future reference. "The Wilderness Trail," (2 vols.) G. P. Putnam's Sons, New York, 1911. "The Scotch-Irish," (2 vols.) G. P. Putnam's Sons. "Historical Collections of Harrison County, Ohio." The foregoing three books were written by Charles A. Hanna, of New York, who was born and raised at Cadiz, and are the most pretentious books, in all respects, of any that relate to Harrison County. The Calvanistic Family Library," (devoted to the re-publication of standard Calvanistic Works.) "The Historical Family Library," (devoted to the re-publication of Family History.) The foregoing two volumes were published by David Christy, editor of the Harrison Telegraph (later the Cadiz Republican), and were printed in his office at Cadiz in 1835-1836. "Down the O-hi-o," by Charles Humphrey Roberts, a native of Shortcreek Township. Most of the incidents described happened in Harrison County, including an account of the Colerain (Harrison) County fair. "Lucile Vernon ; or, the Church at Lansington," by Dr. William T. Meloy, formerly pastor of the Cadiz United Presbyterian church. Lansington is another name for Cadiz. "Everard and Eulalie," by Ed Wright, formerly of Freeport, now of Brooklyn, N. Y. Most of the incidents and scenes recorded happened at Freeport. "Shifting Shadows," by S. E. Simmonds. The author was a Franklin College student when he wrote and published this book. "The World to Come," by Adolph Lehman, D. D., former pastor of the Nottingham Presbyterian Church. CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 423 "Abraham Lincoln: An Appreciation—by One Who Knew Him," by Gen. Benjamin Rush Cowen, who was born at Moorefield. "Breeding and Care of Rabbits," by Charles S. Gibson, of Detroit, formerly of Scio. “Franklin College." Biographical and Historical. Published by the Board of Trustees, 1908. Biographical Sketch of Gen. D. A. Hollingsworth. "The Life of Charles Sumner," by Walter G. Shotwell, of Cadiz. "Forty Years Pastorate and Reminiscenes," by Rev. T. R. Crawford, pastor of the Nottingham Presbyterian church. "The Elements of Law," by J. Ross Lee, formerly of Jewett. "Cycling Art, Energy and Locomotion," by Robert P. Scott, of Cadiz. "Early American Families," by Rev. W. A. Williams, D. D., former president of Franklin College. "The American Family of Reverend Obadiah Holmes," by Col. J. T. Holmes, formerly of Shortcreek Township. "The Genealogy and History of the Haverfield Family in America," by Dr. Wallace Taylor of Oberhn. This book deals largely with Harrison County families. "Poems," by Mrs. Frances B. M. Brotherson. This volume contains 518 pages of poetry, written by Mrs. Brotherson during and subsequent to her residence in Cadiz. "Early Efforts," by Linda Warfel, a Cadiz girl. "Freedmen of the South," by Linda Warfel Slaughter. Dr. Lynn Harold Hough, of Detroit, is the most prolific writer of books of any person who was born in Harrison County. He is a minister of the M. E. church, and has served as Biblical instructor in the Garrett Institute and has been prominently connected with a number of theological seminaries and other institutions of learning. He was born at Cadiz on September 10, 1877. The following is a list of his books : "Athanasius: The Hero." "The Lure of Books." "The Men of the Gospels." "The Quest for Wonder." "In the Valley of Decision." "The Theology of a Preacher." "The Man of Power." "A Living Book in a Living Age." "The Significance of the Protestant Reformation." "The Productive Beliefs." "The Clean Sword." "The Eyes of Faith." "The Little Old Lady." "Flying Over London." (Poems.) The following books relate to Bishop Matthew Simpson, the great Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church, who was born at Cadiz: "The Cyclopaedia of Methodism." "Serms by Bishop Simpson." "Lectures on Preaching," by Bishop Simpson. "One Hundred Years of Methodism," by Bishop Simpson. 424 - CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES "Our Martyred President, Abraham Lincoln." (Contains Bishop Simpson's oration at the tomb of Lincoln.) "The Peerless Orator," by E. M. Wood. "The Life of Bishop Simpson," by George R. Crooks. "Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio," (2 vols). "Ohio Centennial Celebration." (Contains a mention of Franklin College, etc.) "Daring and Suffering," by Rev. William Pittenger. "The Great Locomotive Chase," by Reverend Pittenger. This being an enlarged edition of "Daring and Suffering." The following are the Custer books: "The Threat of Sitting Bull," by D. Lange. "A Life of Major General George A. Custer," by Frederick Whittaker. "George Armstrong Custer," by Frederick S. Dellenbaugh. (True Stories of Great Americans Series.) "Life on the Plains," by Gen. G. A. Custer. "Tenting on the Plains, or General Custer in Kansas and Texas," by Mrs. E. B. Custer. "Following the Guidon," by Elizabeth B. Custer. "Boots and Saddles," by Mrs. Custer. "On the Plains With Custer," by Edwin L. Sabin. (The Trail Blazers Series.) The following are the Edwin M. Stanton books. (Mr. Stanton was elected as prosecuting attorney during his residence at Cadiz.) "Life and Public Services of Edwin M. Stanton," by George C. Gorham (2 vols.). "Edwin McMasters Stanton," by Frank A. Flower. "In Memoriam : Edwin McMasters Stanton, His Life and Work," by Joseph B. Doyle. "Caldwell's Atlas of Harrison County, 1875." Souvenir edition of the Harrison County Democrat, 1909. Report of the Ohio Antietam Battlefield Commission, by Major David Cunningham, of Cadiz. "Commemorative Biographical Record of the Counties of Harrison and Carroll," 1891. "A Brief History of Harrison County," by Dr. S. B. McGavran. (Paper.) "Opportunities in the Colonies and Cuba." (The chapter on "Opportunities in the Philippines" was written by M. E. Beall, of the Division of Insular Affairs, who is a native of Harrison County.) "Lawyer's History of Ohio." (Contains a county sketch, etc., of Harrison County.) "Ray's Astronomy and Ray's Mathematical Series." Joseph Ray was a graduate of Franklin College. "Word and Work of David J. Lewis." Contains an introduction by his wife, Shortcreek Township, December, 1899. "Life and Times of Rev. Thomas M. Hudson." Contains an account of a camp-meeting near Cadiz, where Matthew Simpson was converted. Books by Melvin Grove Kyle, D. D., a Harrison County boy: CARROLL AND HARRISON COUNTIES - 425 "Moses and the Monuments." "The Problem of the Pentateuch." "The Deciding Voice of the Monuments in Biblical Criticism." Three books by Hon. J. J. Burns, a former resident of Cadiz, and former State commissioner of public schools, "English Kings According to Shakespeare." "How To Teach Reading and Composition." "Eclectic School Geometry." William Henry Holmes, head curator, Department of Anthropology, Washington, D. C., has written a large number of books on scientific subjects. He is a native of Shortcreek Township, and ranks as one of the most prominent men who can claim this county as a former home. On his seventieth birthday his friends and co-laborers presented him with a magnificent volume of Anthropological Essays, published under the title of "The Holmes' Anniversary Volume." The following titles indicate the nature of Professor Holmes' work : "Aboriginal Pottery of the Eastern United States." "Stone Implements of the Tide Water Province." "Archeological Studies Among the Ancient Cities of Mexico." "Handbook of Aboriginal American Antiquities." "Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States." This book contains a sketch of John A. Bingham. Similar books and cyclopaedias also contain sketches of the life of Mr. Bingham. "The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson," (2 vols.). A government publication. Many references to the part John A. Bingham had in this famous trial. "From Bonif ace to Bank Robber," by George W. White. Concerns the Cadiz Bank robbery. Zane Grey's books—"The Spirit of the Border," "The Last Trail," and "Betty Zane," and "Under Mad Anthony's Banner," by James Ball Naylor, contain references to events that happened in this part of Ohio in the days of the pioneer. "The Quest of John Chapman," by Newell Dwight Hillis. This book is about Johnny Appleseed, who. planted his first nursery in Jefferson County. He undoubtedly visited Harrison County and planted apple trees within its borders. Map of Harrison County. Published by Jacob Jarvis, 1862. Map of Harrison County. Published by W. F. Lemmon, 1904. "Flowers of the Wildwood," a collection of poems, by Demaris Irwin, of Deersville. Paper bound. Published by the Uhrichsville Chronicle, 1875. "Wanderings in Europe," by Dr. W. T. Meloy. This book was printed at the LaMonte, O'Donnell & Co., establishment in Chicago, at the time George E. McConnell, formerly of Cadiz, was foreman of the composing room in that office, and Doctor Meloy conferred with him every few days regarding the proof reading and make-up of the book. |