AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 401 school library referred to below. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Buchanan, who looked after the books until 1870. In 1867 the books were placed in the rooms of the Y. M. C. A. in order to save rent, and an effort to revive the association was made in 1869, but was only temporarily successful. The books were then turned over to the Odd Fellows' Association, who opened a library in their new building on North Fourth Street. It met witi fair success for a number of years, especially meeting the wants of fiction readers, but its patronage naturally dropped off after the opening of the Carnegie library, and it closed after disposing of its books to that institution. There was also what was known as a school library in the fifties in the Scott building kept up by taxation and containing a good collection of books. It was supported from the school funds, and every family in the district was entitled to its use. During the war of the rebellion it was allowed to languish and was closed for a number of years. About 1880 the Board of Education concluded to revive the so-called school library and levied a small tax for that pufpose. Its first quarters were in the August Floto building on North Fourth Street, but a few years after it found a more commodious home in the city building on Market Street. With a comparatively small income a very good collection of books and magazines was in progress and it was well patronized until it contents were transferred to the Carnegie Library in. 1902. In the summer of 1899 Dr. A. M. Reid, in a letter to Andrew Carnegie, suggested that as Mr. Carnegie had begun his career here as a telegraph operator it would be peculiarly appropriate to bestow upon Steubenville a library. Mr. Carnegie replied that he would be very glad to do so provided the city guarantee its support. On the 3d of October, 1899, an ordinance was passed by the city council providing for the establishment of a public library and reading room and board of directors for control of same. The first board of directors consisted of G. W. McCook., J. W. Gill, W. H. McClinton, H. G. Dohrman, Michael Keane and Charles Gallagher. Mr. Gallagher dying in October, 1901, Thomas Spencer was appointed to fill the vacancy. Mr. Dohrman was succeeded in 1910 by Joseph B. Doyle. Bonds were issued for the purchase of a site, and the Sarratt property at the intersection of Slack with Fourth and Fifth Streets was bought. The building was planned by Alden & Harlow, architects, of Pittsburgh, and the contract awarded to J. M. Trimble, of Allegheny. The result was a handsome, substantial fireproof library building, thoroughly equipped in every detail. Mr. Carnegie first promised $50,000, but as the building upon completion was found to cost over $62,000, lie generously paid the difference. The building was formally opened to the public Tuesday evening, March 11, 1902, with music and speeches. The organizer and first librarian was Miss Ellen Summers Wilson, a. graduate of the Albany Library School, who had organized and been librarian of the West End and Wylie branches of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. In July, 1904, Miss Wilson resigned on account of ill health, and in December of the same year was succeeded by Miss Agnes Elliott, librarian of the Lawrenceville branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. In July Miss Elliott accepted the superintendency of the circulation of the Pratt Library in Brooklyn and was succeeded by Miss Beatrice M. Kelly, chilth'en's librarian of the Mount Washington branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. The present staff consists of Miss Kelly, librarian; Misses Parks and Niedengard, assistants, and Misses Williams and Beazell, substitutes. Since the library was opened over 7,000 renders have been registered, 375,000 books circulated and over 600,000 persons have been in attendance either to read in the library or procure books for home reading. The number of books in the library on December 31, 1908, was 10,604, and the number taken out during the year was 60,854. The total attendance at the library during that year 402 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY was 98,177, and the present year will show at least 100,000. All the leading periodicals are found in the reading rooms, and the story hour inaugurated by Miss Wilson has been carried on with great success by the present librarian. The expense of conducting the institution is about $5,200 per annum. CHURCHES AND RELIGION. The first religious minister of whom we have any account in this section was Rev. David Jones, from Freehold, N. J., a Welsh Baptist, having made a preaching tour among the Indians and the few settlers in 1772. He speaks of Mingotown in his journal, to which rcl:erence has been made, but he does not state that he preached in the county. He was with George Rogers Clarke opposite the mouth of Captina Creek the same year, and notes in his journal that "lie instructed what Indians came over." He was informed here that the chief of the tribe located at the mouth of Captina was a professor of Christianity, and was struck by the impression his prayer made on the Indians who heard him. It was at this place that in the spring of 1780 several families descending the river to Kentucky were attacked by the Indians and murdered or carried into captivity, one of the latter, Catherine Malott, afterwards becoming the wife of Simon Girty. Rev. Jones (luring the Revolutionary War was known as the "Fighting Chaplain," and he stood beside Anthony Wayne as his chaplain for the Pennsylvania line. His eloquence was a wonderful power at Valley Forge in cheering the disheartened soldiers. it is said of him that he told his men "that a shad would as soon be seen barking up a tree as a Revolutionary soldier turning his back on the enemy or going to hell." METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. In his journal, dated Cross Creek (Mingo), Sunday, October 2, 1785, General Butler, who was on an expedition having for its purpose the removal of squatters from the Indian country, says : "The people of this country appear to be much imposed upon by a sect called Methodist, and are becoming great fanatics." He did not state in what way the fanaticism was manifested, unless it be what he says in the following sentence: "They say they have paid taxes which are too heavy." In a history of the Methodist church of Steubenville, written by Rev. Dr. D. C. Osborne, it is stated that "as early as the summer of 1794 Samuel Hitt and John Reynolds, of that denomination, preached a few sermons here amidst much opposition." It is also mentioned that in 1795-6 Charles Connaway, presiding elder, Samuel Hitt and Thomas Haywood also came upon the site of Steubehville—" the latter being poor, received £24 in Pennsylvania currency per annum for his services." The circuit embraced in the itinerancy of Hitt and Reynolds included Ohio County, Virginia; Washington County, Pennsylvania, and the settlements on both sides of the Ohio from the mouth of the Muskingum to near Pittsburgh. A society was soon formed in Steubenville and the congregation was kept supplied. Bishop Asbury visited Steubenville in 1803 and made this entry in his diary: "The court house could not contain all the people; we went to the Presbyterian tent, and as the Jews and Samaritans have no dealings, I must tender my thanks. I found a delightful home with the family of Bezaleel Wells, who is friendly to our church." In 1815, when the first conference was held in Steubenville, Bezaleel Wells was asked to entertain one of the representative men. The guest sent him was from the Northwest, dressed in homespun and spattered with mud as he alighted from his horse at the Wells mansion. Mr. Wells was rathed chagrined at I his appearance and called the local minister to task, but he was told to wait until he heard his young guest preach the following Sunday. He did so and was so impressed with his oratorical powers that he expressed wonder that such a man should be AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 403 buried in the pioneer work of the Northwest. The next day he took his visitor to a tailor and ordered for him the finest suit of clothing that could be procured. The preacher was Rev. Mr. Bigelow, who became noted in the annals of Methodism as a pioneer pulpit orator. This, however, is anticipating. Charles Conaway was presiding elder in 1793, with Samuel Hitt and Thomas Haywood itinerants. 1796 — Andrew Nichols. John Seward, Shadrach Johnson and Jonathan Bateman, Valentine Cook, P. E. 1797—N. B. Mills. Jacob Colbert. with Daniel Hitt, elder. 1798—Mills and Solomon Harris, 427 members in district. 1799 — Thomas Haywood, Jesse Stoneman. Haywood died in June, and through lack of services membership fell off 106. 1800—Joseph Bowen. John Cullison. revivals and membership increased to 328. 1801—Pittsburgh district formed and Thornton Fleming appointed presiding elder. with Benjamin Essex and Joseph Hall preachers. Jefferson County was placed in the West Wheeling circuit this year. 1802—Joseph Hall, John Cullison. 1804—Lasley Matthews. 1805—Monongahela district, James Hunter, presiding elder; John West and Eli Towne, preachers. 1806—Thornton Fleming, .presiding elder: David Stevens and Eli Town, preachers. Services were held at the home of John Permar. 1807—William Knox, James Reiley and J. G. Watt. 1808—Robert R. Roberts, Benedict Burgess. The records do not show who of the above preachers officiated in Steubenville or how frequently. Their circuits included western Pennsylvania and a large part of the state of Ohio, and their visits to any particular place were no doubt fragmentary, sometimes at considerable intervals. Cumming, in his journal, only refers to the Presbyterians and "Episcopalians" as having any regular services. But a change was coming. James Quinn was .appointed presiding elder in 1809, with Jacob Young and Thomas Church preachers. Rev. Young says in his diary: "I found my circuit included the whole of Belmont, Jeffer son and Harrison counties. At Steubenville we preached in the old log court house upstairs. During the year Obadiah Jennings, a great lawyer, was our constant hearer. He was converted and became a noted Presbyterian minister." 1810—William Lamdeu, at the close of his first sermon, announced that the next forenoon he would form a class at the house of Bernard Lucas. Twelve persons appeared and were organized into a Methodist society. They were Bernard Lucas, leader; Margaret Lucas, Matthew Worstel, Rachel Worstel, William Fisher, Margaret Cummings, Archibald Cole, Elizabeth Cole, Nicholas Murray, Nancy Murray, Hugh Dunn and James Dougherty. Their meetings were held in private houses, with an increase at nearly every gathering. 1811—William Lamden and Michael Ellis. There were revivals this year, and Bezaleel Wells donated a lot on the corner of South and Fourth streets on which a church edifice 50x35 feet was begun and used as a place of worship. In 1812 the Ohio District was formed with Jacob Young presiding elder. West Wheeling circuit was divided, and Cross Creek circuit formed from the north part with Michael Ellis and John McMahan preachers. Ohio Conference was formed October 1, and Abel Robinson and William Knox appointed preachers. Ohio Conference met here September 1, 1813, Bishops Asbury and McKendree being present. Services were held thrice daily in B. Wells' sugar orchard, below South street, at which many accessions were received. "The shouting and weeping were heard afar off." Cold plague and spotted fever swept through the country this year with great mortality, the alarms of war, high price of provisions and scarcity of money making the year one of trial. 1814—J. B. Finley and Archibald McElroy. Mr. Finley writes in September: "This circuit embraced all of Jefferson and parts of Belmont and Harrison counties. It was a four weeks' circuit with an appointment for each week day and two 404 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY for each Sabbath, making thirty-two appointments with fifty classes to meet each round. This year the church at Steubenville was completed and dedicated. At the time of dedication a Bible was presented by twelve gentlemen of the town with the request that a sermon be preached from Revelations, 21st and 22d verses, which was complied with, and it pleased God to pour out his spirit in a wonderful manner. Eleven of the twelve were converted and joined the church. The work spread until the whole town felt its influence. We continued our meetings day and night. One morning before breakfast I was sent for to pray with eight families, many of whom I found lying on the floor crying for mercy. During this year a money mania like an epidemic seized the people. There were seven banking establishments in Jefferson County, one of them said to have been kept in a lady's chest. All these were engaged in issuing paper money. But it did not stop here. Merchants, tavern keepers, butchers and bakers became bankers. This mania was followed by the mania for new towns, which were laid out at almost every cross road. The imaginary riches of the speculators soon fled, business was paralyzed and discontent prevailed everywhere." Steubenville circuit was formed in 1815. J. B. Finley returned with J. Powell, junior preacher, with the following outside preaching places : Hale's meeting house, Edward Taylor's, Scarlott's, Davis's, Moore's, Long's meeting house, Baker's, Kent's, Evans 's, llinde 's, Cady 's. Dickinson's, Roberts's, Holmes's meeting house, Scoq's, Dean's, Cramlett's, Smithfield, Hopewell meeting house, and one place forgotten. This was a year of discussion, "in which Calvinism and Armenianism grappled in strong if not loving embrace." 1816—J. B. Finley, presiding elder; W. Dixon, B. Westlake, preachers. 1817—S. Hamilton, W. Knox, Cal. Rooter, preachers. A deed for the church lot was made , to J. B. Finley, Bernard Lucas, James Saunders, Samuel Dorsey, Alexander Sutherland, John Sutherland, Basil H. Warfield, Isaac Harlemand, John McCully, trustees of the Methodist Episcopal church. It was about this time that the "Newlights," whose career is related elsewhere, caused some trouble in the congregation. Conference met here in August, 1818, Bishop George presiding, at which Steubenville was made a station with Cornelius Springer pastor. 1820—W. Swayze, presiding elder; C. Goddard, pastor. 1821 —John Waterman. This year the church was enlarged by the addition of a cross building, which gave the church the familiar title of the "old ship." 1822—Muskingum district—John Waterman, presiding elder; James McMahan, pastor. 1823—H. B. Bascom, a noted pulpit orator, who afterwards went with the Methodist Episcopal Church South. 1824—West Wheeling district, William Lambden, presiding elder; W. Stevens, pastor. Pittsburgh Conference was formed, including Steubenville. 1825—Joshua Moore, pastor. Additional land was secured for $100 and quitclaim secured from B. Wells for entire property, as the trustees had not been incorporated when the lot was first transferred. 1826—George Brown, pastor, and Sunday school organized. ' "Edwin M. Stanton was converted and joined the church this year." Conference met here in 1827. 1828—D. Limerick, presiding elder ; Joshua Monroe, pastor. 1829—Monroe, presiding elder; R. C. Hatton, pastor. 1830—T. M. Hudson, pastor. The morning after his arrival he received a letter signed by Alexander Sutherland and eighty-one other members, requesting that their names be erased from the church record and they be considered withdrawn. Their request was granted, and they with eleven probationers withdrew, leaving ninety-six in the old ship. This was the origin of the Fifth Street M. P. church. A revival towards the close of the year brought the membership up to nearly its original number. There was an epidemic of scarlet fever in 1831, and many promising young people died. One home lost seven. The pastor's salary was $175 and AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 405 house rent. 1832—W. Browning, presiding elder; H. J. Clarke, pastor. 1833—Robert Boyd. 1834—Charles Thorn. 1835—Thorn and J. C. Merriman. On July 22 the parsonage lot was purchased from Ambrose Shaw for $200, Mrs. B. Wells donating $100. 1836—S. R. Brockunier, presiding elder; Edward H. Taylor. The parsonage was completed in the spring of 1837 and occupied by Rev. George S. Holmes. 1839—Samuel E. Babcock. 1840—Robert Hopkins, presiding elder. 1841-2—Mr. Holmes. 1843—Mr. Brockunier. 1844—H. Gilmore, presiding elder ; A. M. Brown, pastor. 1845—C. Battelle. In March steps were taken towards the formation of another congregation north of Market, more fully detailed in the Hamline history. 1846—F. Moore. 1847—George S. Holmes, F. McCleary. 1848—Simon Elliott, presiding elder; E. Hays, pastor. 1850—J. Spencer, presiding elder; C. H. Jackson. 1852—C. A. Holmes. 1853—W. Cox, presiding elder. In 1854, A. H. Thomas, pastor; the old building was torn down to make way for a new brick church, completed in 1856, which with enlargements and improvements still stands, with a fine auditorium seating 500 people. It was named Kramer Chapel, on account of a large contribution by Allen Kramer, of Pittsburgh, but about twenty years after the original name was restored. During its erection services were held in the old Baptist church on Church street. 1856—C. H. Jackson, presiding elder ; J. C. Pershing, pastor. 1858 — W. A. Davidson, pastor. 1860 — W. J. Clarke, presiding elder ; S. P. Wolf, pastor. 1862 — S. F. Minor. 1864 — D. L. Dempsey, presiding elder ; T. J. Higgins, pastor ; parsonage enlarged. 1865 — W. C. Cooper, presiding elder. 1867 — E. Hingley, pastor. Thomson church organized with sixty-three members. 1870 — J. Williams, pastor. Finley church organized with fifty members. The church was enlarged in 1871 by bringing the west wall out flush with the tower and a bell purchased. 1872—J. Williams, presiding elder; J. S. Bracken, pastor. 1875—J. R. Mills. In 1876 the East Ohio Conference was formed from the Pittsburgh and Erie conferences, its first session being held at Kramer, Bishop Ames presiding. 1877—D. C. Osborne, pastor, and a pipe organ was installed in 1879, which has since been enlarged and improved. J. S. Bracken was presiding elder from 1876. 1880—A. R. Chapman, presiding elder; J. M. Carr, pastor. 1883 —James S. Hollingshead. 1884—H. L. Webb, presiding elder. 1886—A. R. Chapman, pastor. 1890—L. H. Stewart, presiding elder ; E. F. Edmonds, pastor. 1891 —G. F. Oliver; organ chamber added. 1894 —Louis Paine. 1896—H. S. Jackson, presiding elder. 1899-0. W. Holmes, presiding elder; J. S. Reager, pastor. 1901—C. E. Manchester, presiding elder. In 1903 a new front was added and the building otherwise improved at a cost of $10,000. 1904—J. C. Smith. 19057–G. B. Smith. 1907—W. H. Dickerson, presiding elder. The present membership is about 650, and material improvements have recently been made to the parsonage. The board of trustees is : W. H. McClinton, president; F. S. Grace, vice-president ; John Taggart, secretary; H. S. Coble, treasurer; L. V. Brandenburg, George L. Conn, Albert Zink, Henry Gregg, Archie Arnold. The society was incorporated May 20, 1822 ; trustees, Joseph Wample, A. Sutherland, Bernard Lucas, David Hall, John McCulby, James Odbert, Michael E. Lucas. The title of presiding elder has been changed to superintendent. In March, 1845, several members of the South Street Methodist Episcopal church, as it was then called, living north of. Market street, indicated a desire for a place of worship in their part of the city. Quarters in the North school building having been secured for a Sunday school, on a Sunday morning a procession was formed and with John McCracken and Francis Bates as leaders marched to the new place, where a Sunday school was inaugurated with Mr. Bates as superintendent and a membership of about 125. A building lot on the corner 406 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY of Fourth and North streets was secured and forty persons gave their notes for $100 each, providing a fund for the purchase and a building. A two-story brick structure was erected and the basement occupied that winter, the audience room upstairs not being completed until two years later. Up to December, 1854, the organization was conducted as a mission from Kramer, but at that time it became an independent congregation. There were no separate preachers for the first two years, but after that the congregation was served by Revs. E. G. Nicholson, J. B. Dunlap and IL Y. Inch. The first board of trustees was composed of .John McCracken, secretary ; .T. C. Huff, .Trrnes Parks, William Nash, .Tohnson Mooney, John Bray, Dr. James Scott, .Tohn H. Lindsay, William Huscroft, Hamline Chapel was selected as the name and the first pastor was J. A. Swaney, the others coming in the following order : 1856, .T. D. Cramer ; 1858, Sheridan Baker ; 1859, A. L. Petty; 1862, D. H. McCready ; 1864, B. M. McMahan, E. Burgett ; 1865; T. N. Boyle; 1868, S. P. Wolff ; 1871, H. L. Chapman; 1874, J. W. Baker ; 1875, J. A. Pearce ; 1877, G. W. Gray; 1879, H. Webb ; 1881, E. Y. Yingling; 1882, R. F. Randolph ; 1885, E. P. Edmonds ; 1887, Jay S. Youmans ; 1889, L. N. Stewart ; 1891, W. H. Haskell ; 1894, R. B. Pope ; 1897, A. R. Chapman ; 1903, J. A. Ulman ; 1908, E. A. Jester. During Mr. Stewart's administration a handsome stone building was erected at a cost with the furnishings of $32,000. It was dedicated on March 27, 1892, by Bishop Ninde. During the past year further improvements were made at a cost of $7,000. The present membership is 425, and the board of trustees is composed of D. M. Gruber, John M. Cook, W. II. Ferry, T. A. Bygate, B. F. Murphy, William Ruddicks, W. R. Burgoyne, J. L. Beatty, John A. Mansfield. A small chapel was maintained on Sherman avenue during the seventies, but was discontinued. Thomson Chapel, in what was then known as the Rolling Mill district, was or ganized in the fall of 1868 with the following class : B. W. Risher, leader; Benjamin Ford, assistant ; Sarah A. Ford, Mary Ford, Mary J. Canby, Hester Aldridge, Letitia Melvin, Eunice Risher, Edward Canby, Charles Canby. Rev. J. R. Keyes served as pastor until March, 1869, succeeded by Rev. W. B. Grace, by whom a neat wooden building 55x35 feet was erected. ' He was succeeded by Rev. S. H. Cravens in 1871, W. Brown in 1872, J. Q. A. Miller in 1873, L. H. Stewart in 1874, A. J. Lane in 1876, and I. K. Rader in 1878. It was conducted jointly with Finley Chapel for a few years, when the shifting of population caused a consolidation with the latter congregation. Finley Chapel on Wells's run, now Lincoln avenue, was also organized from Kramer in 1870 with about fifty members. A neat brick structure was erected which will seat 400 persons. The pastors have been J. R. Keyes, W. B. Grace, D. H. Snowden, J. H. Ekey, A. W. Gruber, A. Appleton, J. M. Bray, C. M. Hoilett, D. A. Pearce, H. D. Stauffer, J. A. Ekey, J. C. Smith, F. B. Stockdale, T. J. Baker, J. O. Randall, W. S. Lockard, H. B. Edwards, T. J. Post, F. C. Anderson, Joseph M. Shepler, William Fatherly; R. J. Norris, 1898; J. O. Davidson, 1899 ; L. L. Fisher, 1901; J. E. Russell, 1903; R. E. Beetham, 1905 ; J. A. Miller. Membership, 275. A flourishing Methodist Sunday school has been started on La Belle View. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. The First Methodist Protestant church was organized on September 17, 1830, under the name of Associate Methodist church. It was composed of eighty-two members of Kramer who were dissatisfied with the form of government in the Methodist Episcopal church, and especially with the pastor who was sent to them that year. Among the charter members was Lucy L. Stanton, mother of Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, and in honor of that circumstance the latter paid for a pew there until AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 407 his death. The others were A. Sutherland, Nancy Allen, John Leetch, Dorothy Mas- sey, M. E. Lucas, Sarah Gray, Sarah Wampler, Elizabeth Armstrong, Elizabeth Lucas, Sarah Leetch, Mary McCoy, William Allen, Lydia Priest, William :Massey, Susanah Cullins, Elijah Steele, Sarah Cullins, William Hawkins, Asena Cullins, James Clark, Martha Devinney, Alfred Cummins, Jane Turnbull, John Armstrong, Margaret Cummins, Stephenson Jeminson, Louisa Gray, Robert Pyle, Robert Shearer, Anna H. Norman, Elizabeth Lewis, Margaret Ann Brown, Frank A. Priest, Matilda Foster, Leteia Reider, P. L. Haven, Sarah Brown, Elizabeth Cummins, Mary Stroud, Mary Cummins, Kinsey Swords, Mary Armstrong, William Eng- lish, Robert C. Peters, Hanna Clemmins, Barbara Dohrman, James Myers, William Clemmens, Sr., James Keith, M. M. Laughlin, Matthew Steele, Mary Fickes, Alexander Devinney, Jane Baker, James Armstrong. Cynthia Fulton, William Clemmens, Jr., Keziah Murray, Samuel Thomas, Elizabeth Woods, Jane Shearer,' Mary Hazlett, Jane Fogg, Rachael Stroud, Eleanor Hawkins, Matilda Armstrong, Susan Stroud, Jane Sutherland, Maria Haven, Ann Murray, Susan Hawkins, Sarah Connel, Sarah Devinney, Ruth A. Lucas, Charlotte Thompson, Sarah Ann Hawkins, TomzeY Ann Clark, William Henry, Lucinda Baker, Mary Ann Turner, Sarah Murray. The first board of trustees, elected October 26, 1830, was George Hull, Matthew Roberts, William Thompson, Benjamin Turnbull, Bernard Lucas, John Leetch, Alexander Sutherland, Matthew M. Laughlin, M. L. Lucas. The organization was formed under the leadership of Rev. George Brown, and Rev. R. C. Hatton was the first pastor, who remained about one year. In March, 1831, they adopted the discipline and name of the Methodist Protestant church. During their first year they increased in numbers until they enrolled 133 members. They elected their first lay delegate to the Methodist Protestant annual conference which met in Zanesville in the fall of 1831, William English being chosen. On his return from the conference Rev. E. S. Woodward accompanied him as pastor, remaining for two years. A lot was purchased on the east side of Fifth street south of Market in 1831, and a building erected costing $4,000. This stood until 1853, when it was replaced by a two-story brick structure, now the property of the Hebrew congregation. In 1903 a fine building of brick and stone costing $50,000 was erected on the corner of Fifth and North streets, containing an excellent organ and other proper equipments. The pastors from the beginning have been as follows : 1830, Revs. Robert C. Hutton ; 1831, Enos Woodward ; 1833, B. W. Johnson ; 1835, J. Elliott ; 1837, Arnett ; 1838, John Burns ; 1840, Joel Dalby ; 1841, Zachariah Ragan ; 1842, John Burns ; 1844, E. S. Hoagland ; 1846, Robert Andrews ; 1848, J. W. Case ; 1849, E. S. Hoagland ; 1850, Joseph H. Hamilton ; 1852, F. A. Davis ; 1853, W. Collier ; 1854, John Burns ; 1857, Joseph H. Hamilton ; 1859, A. Abbott ; 1866, J. C. Ogle 1868, George W. Hissey ; 1869, W. S. Baker ; 1871, J. H. Hamilton ; 1873, John Cowl ; 1875, 0. V. W. Chandler; 1878, J. A. Thrapp ; 1882, F. A. Brown ; 1887, S. A. Fisher 1892, D. C. Coburn ; 1896, G. E. Mcianiman ; 1900, George H. Miller. The present board of trustees is composed of W. S. Walker, W. F. Ridgley, George S. Hawkins, C. J. McConnell, A .M. Lyons, George J. Fickes, J. J. McCoy, E. C. Chandler, F. C. Chambers. Present membership, 513. ST. PAUL'S AND ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCHES. Dr. Joseph Doddridge was ordained deacon in old Christ church, Philadelphia, by Bishop White in 1792. Bishop White, with Provoost, of New York, had been consecrated at Lambeth only five years before, and Dr. Seabury, of Connecticut, only about seven years previously, and the American Church as a separate body from the Church of England had barely commenced its independent career. The American Government had been in operation only three years, and the country west of 408 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY the Alleghenies was still regarded as a wilderness. To the West, however, the young deacon came and with his wife made Charlestown (Wellsburg) his headquarters, where, after the example of St. Luke, he combined the practice of medicine with his ministerial labors, and ministered to the scattered families of Churchmen throughout this region. Among the first parishes founded by him were St. John's in Brooke County, Virginia, four miles east of the Steubenville ferry ; West Liberty, near Wheeling (both in 1792) ; St. Paul's, five miles east of Wellsburg, in 1793, and later Trinity church at Charlestown. He did not confine his labors to the Virginia side of the ri—er but came into Ohio to minister to the scattered sheep. While he carried on his clerical work he was careful to make notes of the habits and customs of the pioneers, and his book on these subjects has always been a recognized authority. In an edition of the "Notes," prepared by his daughter and published after her death, is found the following memorandum from David Moody, one of Steubenville ',§ early settlers, who says : "The Rev. Dr. Doddridge was the first Christian minister who preached in our little village. As early as 1796 he held monthly services in it, his congregation meeting ,in a frame building which stood on the south side of Market and Water streets. In 1798 the first court house for the county was built, in which an upper room was reserved for religious purposes, free to all denominations. In this room the Episcopalians met for worship. With some intervals this early missionary of the church continued to officiate until Dr. Morse took charge of the parish in 1820 (1819)." It will be nr,te..d. that Mr. Moody does not say that ti,o. first service held here by Dr. Doddridge was in 1796; matters had so far progressed that by this date regular monthly services were held. As Dr. Doddridge had then been in this section nearly if not quite four years it is altogether probable that he made at ieast occasional visits to Steubenville during that interval. In March, 1800, Dr. Dodd-ridge returned to Philadelphia and was ordained priest. He came back to his western field and in December of that year entered into an agreement with a number of individuals to hold church services at the house of Mrs. Mary McGuire, a widow, living on what is now a portion of the County Infirmary Farm, four miles west of the village. The subscription book, dated December 1, 1800, contains the following names : George Mahan, William Whitcraft, Eli Kelly, George Halliwell, William McColnall, John McConnell, Benjamin Doyle, Joseph Williams, John Long, Mary McGuire, John McKnight, Frederick Allbright, William McConnell, John Scott, George Ritchey, Moses Hanlon. These services were held at Mrs. McGuire's house for upwards of eighteen years, when the organization grew into St. James's parish, Cross Creek, and Philander, son of Bishop Chase, was sent to take charge of the Steubenville section. On May 17, 1819, a company met at the residence of Mrs. William R. Dickenson, and with Rt. Rev. Philander Chase presiding organized the parish of St. Paul's Church, Steubenville, with the following officers : Senior warden, Brice Viers ; junior warden, George Chapman; vestrymen, Nicholas Hutchins, Jacob C. Hoagland and Ephraim Root, Jr. Rev. Intrepid Morse was called to the rectorship, who, until 1822, divided his labors between this place and Zanesville. The parish was incorporated on May 9, 1825, with Bezaleel Wells, senior warden ; Joseph Beatty, junior warden ; George Chapman, Brice Viers and Edward Wood, vestrymen. It was reincorporated in 1879. The congregation for a number of years worshiped in the council chamber, over the old market house, and at Kramer chapel. In 1822 it secured a room in the "Old Academy," on South High Street, which it occupied for eleven years. Finally the lax started a movement for a permanent church building, and a lot was purchased on the corner of Fourth aild Adams Streets. Here the cornerstone of a brick structure, early Eng- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 409 lish architecture, designed by Bishop Hopkins, was laid on July 9, 1832, and on September 13, 1833, the building was consecrated by Bishop Chase. Later fifteen feet were added, and for forty-six years it stood, until torn down to make room for the present structure. For many years it had the only public pipe organ in the city. Dr. Morse's rectorship continued until October 10, 1865, a period of more than forty-six years. He was a man eminent in learn- ing and piety, and was of remarkable influence in the community. Rev. Charles Gillette succeeded him on January 31, 1866, who, after a successful rectorship of twenty months, resigned to take an important position on the Church Missionary Board in connection with the Freedmen's Department. He died of heart trouble about a year after. On September 2. 1868, a call was extended to Rev. Andrew hull, who filled the rectorship until May 15, 1871, when he accepted a call in the diocese of Vermont, and died several years after. On November 20, 1871, a call was extended to Rev. Thomas D. Pitts, of Racine, Wis., who first officiated here on Advent Sunday of that year and took charge of the parish on March 3 following. He infused new life into the congregation and before long steps were taken towards building a new church. On May 13, 1879, the cornerstone of the present handsome structure was laid by Rt. Rev. G. T. Bedell ; Rev. J. W. Brown, afterwards rector of St. Thomas's church, New York, preaching the sermon. The church was consecrated free of debt on April 1, 1880. The structure is low Early English Gothic, built of native sandstone, and the nave is 85x45 feet, comfortably seating 500 people, with a chancel 23x26. graceful spire and cross 120 feet in height grace the southeast corner. The church contains many handsome memorials, of which want of space prevents a detailed description. Mr. Pitts resigned the following fall, and was succeeded by Rev. R. W. Grange, who took charge on Advent Sunday, 1880. He resigned in May, 1889, to become rector of the new Church of the Ascension, Pittsburgh, where he still remains. Mr. Grange was succeeded by Rev. Charles D. Williams the following month. During his administration the present parish house was built at a cost of $13,000, and was completed in 1892. The vested choir was formally inducted on Easter day of that year, although it had an inchoate existence for some time previous. Mr. Williams resigned early in 1893 to become dean of Trinity Cathedral, Cleveland, since becoming bishop of Michigan. In May, 1893, lie was succeeded in the rectorship by Rev. H. P. LeF. Grabau, who resigned in March, 1895, and was succeeded by Rev. George W. Hinkle, of St. Michael's parish, Maryland, who began his regular ministrations on All Saints' day of that year. In 1901 a large pipe organ was installed and other improvements made during Mr. Hinkle's rectorship. He resigned in December, 1903, to accept a call to Christ church, Waterloo, Iowa, and was succeeded the following February by Rev. J. W. Foster, of Hobart, N. Y., who resigned in March, 1909, to accept a call to the diocese of Florida. His successor was Rev. William M. Sidener, of Scranton, Pa., who took charge in September, 1909. The present list of communicants numbers about 200, and the vestry is composed of Joseph B. Doyle, senior warden ; John W. Forney, junior warden ; James Means, John Barthold, Herbert W. Nichols, Charles Specht, Eli Castner, John H. Peterson, E. Y. Dougherty. Missions have been conducted in the Sixth ward, Mingo and Toronto, at times, but there are none at present. During the rectorship of Rev. Mr. Grabau some differences of opinion arose among the members of St. Paul's church as to the conduct of public worship and other matters, which in 1896 crystallized into a petition bearing the signatures of sixty-six communicants being presented to the ecclesiastical authorities of the diocese, asking permission to form a new parish. This was agreed to with the consent of St. Paul's, and St. Stephen's church was organized with the following wardens and 410 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY vestrymen : Charles Gallagher, senior warden; W. H. Garrett, junior warden ; A. A. Elliott, W. M. Beall, George A. Maxwell, John A. Caldwell, vestrymen. The Presbyterian Mission chapel, corner of Fifth Street and Franklin Avenue, was leased and the Rev. E. W. Cowling accepted the first rectorship of the parish. In the spring of 1898 the Thompson property, corner of Logan and Fifth Streets, was purchased. In the spring of 1900 the rector, the Rev. Mr. Cowling, whose health had become impaired, resigned and was succeeded by Rev. H. L. Gaylord. During the first two years of Mr. Gaylord's rectorship plans were made and perfected for erecting a church, -ad by Christmas, 1903, the present building was ready for occupancy. It is a heat Romanesque brick structure, seating about 250 persons, and contains a sweet-toned organ, since added. Mr. Gaylord resigned in the fall of 1904, and was succeeded by Rev. E. B. Redhead, the present rector. The present vestry is composed of William M. Beall, senior warden ; Joseph W. Jordan, junior warden ; Alexander B. Sharp, James M. Reynolds, Robert R. Cox, J. B. Nicholson, Frank Ault. The communicant list numbers 134. PRESBYTERIAN. Rev. Smiley Hughes was the first Presbyterian minister to preach in Steubenville, *which was early in 1798. The next was done by Rev. ,Tames Snodgrass in 1799. The Lord's Supper was administered first in 1800 by Rev. Thomas Marquis, with elders from east of the Ohio River. All these services were held by appointment of the Presbytery of Ohio. The First Presbyterian church of Steubenville was organized in the latter part of the year 1800. The first elders were Thomas Vincent„Tohn Milligan and Samuel Hunter. Rev. James Snodgrass was called to the pastorate in connection with the Island Creek church in 1800 at a salary of $300. At first he gave two-fifths of his time to Steubenville and then one-half. The first preaching place was in a grove on Market Street between Seventh and Eighth, and in the winter the court house was used. In 1803 a lot was given by Bezaleel Wells on South Fourth Street, where a small brick building was erected. About 1810 Rev. William McMillan came to the town to preside over the "Academy" and was engaged to preach on the Sundays that Mr. Snodgrass was absent. This arrangement continued until 1817, when the pastoral relations with both gentlemen were dissolved, and in the spring of that year Rev. Obadiah Jennings took sole charge. The erection of a new and large building was begun in 1816, but its construction so taxed the resources of the congregation that at the end of seven years the organization was considerably in debt and the building still unfinished. In the meantime it was decided to incorporate the society, and on March 4, 1819, a meeting was held with the following members present : Samuel Hunter, John Patterson, John Abram, Charles Porter, David Hoge, David Larimore, Robert Thompson, Thomas Norton, Robert Hening, Adam Moderwell, Joseph Y. Mossman, James Wilson, Hans Wilson, John Galbraith, Thomas Henderson, James G. Hening, Joseph Cookson, Elias Bayless, Ambrose Kennedy, Edward Todd and John C. Bayless. John McDowell, David Larimore and John Patterson were elected trustees and John C. Bayless, clerk. On March 25, 1823, Mr. Jennings resigned, and on June 2 Rev. C. C. Beatty was called and entered on his duties October 21, 1823. The unfinished building was made as comfortable as possible, but, being unsatisfactory, it was taken down and a new building 88x47 feet erected in its place. In 1832 a cupola with bell was added, and in 1851 the structure was lengthened sixteen feet at a cost of $1,000, which gave 100 pews on the main floor, and with the galleries would accommodate about 700 people. Later basement heaters and gas for lighting were introduced. In the fall of 1835 Dr. Beatty offered to donate a lot on the north side of the church and $100 cash towards a par- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 411 sonage if the congregation would raise the balance. At the same time and on the same conditions Mrs. Susan F. Beatty and Mrs. Hetty E. Beatty as a further inducement proposed to erect at their own expense south of the church a two-story building suitable for session and Sabbath school rooms. The new buildings were all erected the next season. The parsonage still stands, having passed to private parties, and the Beatty building, now the property of J. P. Draper, is devoted to dwelling and business purposes. Owing to poor health and other causes, Dr. Beatty desired to resign his charge in 1835, but consented to remain until April, 1837. In July, 1835, Rev. E. J. McLean was called and entered on his duties in November, but suffering from a severe pulmonary attack the following winter he moved South the next May without having been formally installed. In the fall of 1836 Rev. Henry G. Comingo, of New Brunswick, served as a supply, and on February 13 following he was elected pastor. He was installed the following May, and served until his death on December 1, 1861, after a week's illness. His remains were interred in Union cemetery and his funeral was one of the largest ever held in the city. Rev. Henry Woods was employed as a supply in the spring of 1862. He was called to the pastorate in September, and was installed October 22. During his pastorate a pipe organ was placed in the church, the building having been beautified and improved five years before. He resigned in April, 1867, on account of ill health, and on December 11 Rev. Thomas A. McCurdy was called, and continued as pastor until his resignation in April, 1875. In 1872 the site of the First church was changed' to the west side of North Fourth Street, between Washington and North Streets, and the present building erected at a cost of $75,000. This large building was partially wrecked by a cyclone January 16, 1885, but was promptly repaired and somewhat remodeled at a cost of about $4,000. The style is Fourteenth Century English decorated, and the building is brick with finished stone front. The interior will seat about 1,000 persons, and the session building in the rear is unusually spacious. The new, commodious and substantial parsonage, situated on the north side of the church, was erected in 1883 at a cost of about $10,000. Rev. William M. Grimes, of Cadiz, succeeded Mr. McCurdy and served most acceptably until his death in 1887. Rev. Orlando V. Stewart followed until his death, in 1894, making the third pastor to die in active service. R. A. McKinley, cousin of President McKinley, succeeded him, and resigned in 1905 to take up work in the West. He was succeeded by Rev. S. N. Hutchinson, who remained about two years, followed by Rev. F. W. Evans, the present pastor. A fine new organ has recently been installed, partly contributed by Andrew Carnegie. Not only was this congregation the first regular religious organization in the city but quite a number of other societies have been created from its membership. In 1837 more than sixty members went into the new organization of the Second church, and that same year thirty-nine members assisted in forming the Cross Creek Presbyterian church. In 1873 forty-five members went into the organization of Potter chapel at Mingo Junction, and twenty-seven went into the new new Third Presbyterian church, to be followed by others soon afterward. In 1875 fifty-two members went into the Congregational church. When the railroad shops were removed to Columbus in 1885 thirty-five members were dismissed to churches in that city. Notwithstanding these drains, the membership has continued to increase, and now numbers 400. The following eminent Christian workers have gone out from the membership of this church : Rev. Henry C. McCook, D. D., pastor of the Tabernacle Presbyterian church, of Philadelphia ; Rev. Thomas J. Sherrard, pastor of the Presbyterian church of Chambersburg, Pa.; Rev. John Sherrard, pastor of the Presbyterian church, Thornton, Ind.; Miss Nancy Sherrard, principal of Washington 412 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY Ladies' Seminary; Rev. William A. Hallock, pastor of the Presbyterian church, Groveland, N. Y.; Rev. Henry G. Comingo Hallock, missionary in China and Mrs. Effie Hallock Braddock, missionary in India. The present board of ruling elders is composed of Dr. H. W. Nelson, William Bullock, M. L. Miller, M. M. Dunlope, William Leech, John F. Flood, J. H. Strong, D. F. Coe, J. C. Wier. While the preliminary steps were taken towards forming a second Presbyterian church in 1837, a regular organization was not effected until January 1, 1838. Rev. Dr. Beatty purchased a lot on North Fourth Street, present site of the Christian church, and € -ected thereon a two-story brick building and presented the property to the congregation. The new organization started with about sixty-five members, and Rev. Joseph Chambers was their first pastor, who served until 1844, when Dr. Beatty took charge and acted until 1847. He was succeeded by AV. P. Breed, who served until 1856, Henry B. Chapin until 1858, and J. B. Patterson until 1865. A pipe organ was installed by Dr. Beatty about the latter date. David R. Campbell served until 1871, at which time a lot was purchased at the southeast corner of Fourth and Washington Streets, and a handsome structure of red pressed brick erected at a cost of $43,000, of which about one-eighth was contributed by Dr. Beatty. Rev. James A. Worden was elected pastor, who resigned in 1878 to take charge of the Sunday school work of the denomination. He was succeeded by Rev. W. W. McLane, who, on account of doctrinal differences, withdrew in 1883 and united with the Congregational church. During this time a new and larger organ was placed in the church. Rev. Edward Ledyard was pastor from 1883 to 1895, and was followed by Rev. William B. Irwin, until 1906, under whose administration the lecture room and parlors at the east end were considerably enlarged and the organ removed to that end of the church. Subsequently a gallery was placed at the west end, greatly enlarging the seat ing capacity. The present, pastor is Rev. J. Millen Robinson, and the membership is over 600. The ruling elders are Hon. R. G. Richards, Thomas A. Hammond, William Banfield, Dr. J. C. M. Floyd, Dr. James E. Miller, Robert H. Orr, G. Gaston, A. E. McLane, F. W. Mosel. Twenty-nine members of this congregation have gone forth to preach the gospel, many of them in foreign lands, with probably a score of home missionaries in Alaska and elsewhere. The congregaition owns a handsome parsonage on North Fifth Street. On May 26, 1873, J. B. Salmon and W. H. Mooney conveyed to James Turnbull, trustee, lot No. 18 on the corner of Franklin and Fifth Streets, on which a frame building was erected and a mission Sunday school conducted under the auspices of the Second Presbyterian congregation. This stood for about twenty years, when it was replaced by the present building. In the fall of 1896 the building was leased to the St. Stephen's congregation, who occupied it until the completion of their new church in December, 1903. The mission school in the meantime was discontinued, and the building was leased to a society of evangelists known as "The Brethren," who also had a tent on South Street during the warm weather. It is now the property of Hon. J. J. Gill. When the first Presbyterian church moved uptown in 1872 quite a number of the members disapproved of the action, as they wished to rebuild on the old site. Dr. Beatty shared these views, and when the South Fourth Street property was sold he purchased, through the medium of Joshua Manly, the old church building. Twenty-seven members from the 'First congregation organized under the name of the "Old Presbyterian Church," the building was reopened for services, and Rev. T. V. Milligan chosen for the first pastor. The old building remained until 1877, when it became unsuitable, and Dr. Beatty erected the two-story brick structure, which still stands, and presented it to the congregation. It will seat about AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 413 430 persons, the upper story being occupied as the main audience room and the lower for Sunday school and other purposes. Mr. Milligan remained until December 16, 1877, and was succeeded by Rev. G. N. Johnson, who remained until 1880, when he was succeeded by Rev. Robert White, who served until 1883, and was followed by Rev. Mr. Swan. While Rev. J. W. Wiglitman had charge of the seminary in 1887-8, he was also pastor of this congregation. He was succeeded by Rev. J. A. Cook on January 1, 1890. Ill health caused the dissolution of his pastorate in August, 1898, and Rev. Samuel L. Boston took charge on January 1, 1899. During his pastorate the building was considerably improved, a pipe organ installed, and the former parsonage north of the church acquired. Rev. George P. Roland, the present incumbent, succeeded him on January 1, 1906. The present mmebership is about 340, and the ruling elders are S. C. Boyd, William S. Tweed, Samuel S. Hill, E. P. Potter, Ida Potter, John H. Kithcart. Dr. Beatty in the later sixties erected a two-story frame building for a mission at the corner of Ross and Fourth Streets, but it was never used for that purpose, and was afterwards converted into dwellings. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. The organization of the United Presbyterian Church dates back to 1810. In the fall of that year George Buchanan, a licentiate of Philadelphia Presbytery, preached in Steubenville, Yellow Creek (now Richmond), and Harmon's Creek (now Paris), Pa. On the 3d day of April, 1811, the Rev. Dr. Riddell, of Robinson's Run, Pa., moderated a call for Mr. Buchanan in the above three places. Public services were held in the court house until about 1814 or 1815, when through the action of the county commissioners the congregation was compelled to move. They next occupied a school room that stood on the lot now occupied by the Christian Church. This was on the outskirts of the town at that date. As the congregation increased, they resolved to build and bought a lot on North Street west of Fifth, where they built a brick church forty feet by fifty, facing North Street. This was out of town, and to get to it the people had to come to North Street by Fourth, Fifth Street not yet being opened. The pastor partially withdrew from Yellow Creek, giving one Sunday a month to it, and dividing his remaining time equally between Steubenville and Harmon's Creek. Several families came from the vicinity of Knoxville, one from near Bloomfield. Since the pastor's salary was very small and poorly paid, he, at the solicitation of the citizens, opened a classical school, in which some very noted men received their education, among them being Secretary of War E. M. Stanton. The congregation, at that time known as Associate Reformed, was incorporated January 12, 1830, with James Campbell, Joseph Walker, Samuel Wilson and A. McMechan, trustees. It purchased the lot on the southwest corner of Fifth and North Streets, and in 1838 erected a one-story brick structure, with basement, facing Fifth Street. In 1859 it was converted into a two-story building, with audience room above and others below. In January, 1838, Paris yielded its share of Mr. Buchanan's time and he became pastor of Steubenville alone on a salary of $500. From statistics of that year, 1838, the congregation had 112 families and 125 members. This pastorate continued until October 14, 1855, when the pastor died, having served, without ceasing, a period of forty-four years. During this period and previous to 1828, the elders were Messrs. Campbell, Boyd, Andrew McMechan, Sr., Hugh Sterling, James McFetridge and Walter Walker. In 1830 or 1831 Andrew McMechan, Jr., and William Cassell were chosen elders. In 1838 Thomas McConnell, Samuel Filson and M. 0. Jun-kin became elders. In 1847 William Frazier. In 1857 Rev. J. K. Andrews was called to the pastorate. In 1863, being appointed chaplain in the army, he, in effect, 414 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY ceased to be pastor. In September, 1864, Rev. Joseph W. Clokey was called. He resigned December 28, 1868. Dr. Clokey was succeeded by the lamented Rev. Dr. T. J. Kennedy. Mr. Kennedy's health failing, he demitted the charge, having served from January, 1870, to April 8. 1873. Rev. S. J. Stewart was the next pastor, taking charge February, 1874, and continuing until February, 1877, when he resigned and joined the Congregational Church. In June, 1877, Rev. W. S. Owens, D. D., was called and entered on his duties September 21, 1877. This pastorate continued until September 21, 1886, when Dr. Owens became secretary of the Home Mission Board. In the meantime a spacious parsonage had been erected on the lot south of the church, and in 1884 the old church was torn down and the present structure was erected at a cost of $20,000. In addition to the elders already mentioned, Dr. Thomas Aliller and William McGowan served in that capacity until their death. In 1872 James Archer, R. L. Brownlee, M. L. Miller and H. W. Nelson, M. D., were inducted into office, and in 1877 Dr. S. C. Shane. In 1886 David McGowan and Dr. Joseph Robertson were elected, and ordained, and in 1887 T. M. Boal was elected and installed. M. L. Miller and Dr. Nelson, having changed their church connection, and M. 0. Jun-kin having died, the bench of elders, as it stands today, is as follows : James Archer, R. L. Brownlee, David McGowan, Dr. Joseph Robertson, George Swan, D. U. McCullough, J. Lewis Junkin and Thomas McCullough. Rev. W. R. Harshaw, of New York, was installed June 14, 1887, and, served until February 4, 1800, when lie resigned to accept a call in New York City. Rev. E. M. Milligan was pastor from October 5, 1891, to April 9, 1895. He was followed by Rev. Thomas H. Hanna, Jr., who was ordained and installed May 12, 1896. During his pastorate a pipe organ was installed, the changing condition of affairs gradually leading up to what a number of years earlier would have been considered a startling innovation. Mr. Hanna resigned in the fall of 1907, and was succeeded by Thomas M. Liggett, the present pastor, in the spring of 1908. Rev. Joseph Buchanan, son of Rev. George Buchanan, dying at over ninety years of age, served the congregation at intervals when there was no regular pastor, and he has been invaluable as superintendent of the Sunday school and in other ways during his long and useful life. About 1890 a mission school was started on Eighth Street, near Adams, and subsequently, in 1895, a neat frame building was erected at the corner of these two streets. It was decided, however, to discontinue the mission, and the building was sold about 1904 to the Simpson M. E. congregation. An interesting Italian mission is at present conducted on Adams Street, in charge of Rev. Francesco Argenta. The present membership of the congregation is three hundred. BAPTIST. There was a regular Baptist organization in Steubenville in 1812. On May 17 of that year there was a meeting at which Daniel Woodward was chosen, clerk and Rev. Samuel Yateman called to the pastorate, which he accepted. Among the articles setting forth a "Declaration of Principles" were the following : "Art. 15. We believe that pride is forbidden in the Scriptures, and that it is the duty of all the followers of the meek and lowly Jesus to adorn themselves in modest apparel as people professing godliness. "Art. 16. We believe that the principle and practice of slaveholding is an abhorrent sin in the sight of God, and very inhuman to man; we therefore refuse to commune with slaveholders at the Lord's table, and with any that will commune with them." They do not seem to have erected any building at this time, and two years later the records have this minute: "The church, having thought proper to remove their meetings of business from Steubenville, AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 415 met at the house of Mordecai Cole in Wayne Township, Jefferson County, on the 5th day of March, 1814." This was near the present site of Unionport, and the subsequent history of that flock will be found in the chapter on Wayne Township. There were evidently some Baptists left in Steubenville and some sort of an organization was maintained, which, on May 31, 1824, purchased from James Hukill a lot on what is now Church Street, near Adams, for $75. The trustees were John Thompson, Adam Wise and James Dillon. Here a brick church was built, which stood until about forty years ago, when it was torn down to make room for dwellings. It had long before been vacant, the last use to which it had been put having probably been the meetings of the Kramer congregation there during the building of their new church in 1854-5. The main cause of the decline was doubtlessly due to the rise of what was known as the Campbell movement, forming a new organization under the name of the Disciples of Christ. An effort was made to revive the Baptist organization in the seventies, and a frame church was built on the west side of Fifth Street, between Market and Washington, but after a few years it was abandoned and the property sold for residence purposes. 'The colored people have kept up a Baptist organization, with more or less regularity, and meet at 717 Adams Street, Rev. Grandison, pastor. DISCIPLES OF CHRIST. The Western Herald and Steubenville Gazette of September 13, 1828, contained the following notice : "The citizens of Steubenville are respectfully informed that Messrs, Thomas and A. Campbell will wait upon them in the court house on Sunday the 14th, at 11 o'clock, for the purpose of preaching the ancient gospel." It is scarcely necessary to state that this was Alexander Campbell, of Bethany, Va., who had already become noted as a preacher, and Thomas was his brother. They doubt- less made other visits, and their preaching was so effective that in 1830 twenty-six names were enrolled in a society of Disciples of Christ, as follows : Rachel Johnson, Ebe Heston, Delila Cummings, Mary Cable, Thomas Weir, Jane Weir, Lydia Wise, Jenet Kennedy, John Johnson, Sr., Mary Cable, ____ Daugherty, Susanna Walker, Elizabeth Dillon, John White, Elizabeth White, James Daugherty, Jacob Cable, John Rogers, Elizabeth Rogers, James Dillon, _____ Anderson, Anna Winters, _____ Hazlett, James Sidebottom, Henry Phillips, Maria Phillips, A reorganization was effected in 1840 by Alexander and Thomas Campbell, and a lot on the south side of Dock Street, corner of Bank Alley, was bought the following year. A one-story brick church was built, E. M. Stanton being one of the contributors. The pastors here were Dr. Poole, William Beaumont, John Phillips, D. J. White, S. B. Tee-garden and P. H. Jones. In 1872 the old SeCond Presbyterian Church, building on North Fourth Street was purchased for $8,000 and refitted, among other improvements being a baptistery back of the pulpit. The congregation grew rapidly in its new quarters, which by 1898 were found too small, and were replaced by the present handsome building in 1898. Since 1872 have succeeded the following pastors : Leonard Southmayd, A. Walden, W. H. Blanks, A. H. Carter, Mr. Brenendohl, M. D. Adams, E. A. Bosworth, 1891; C. W. Hamilton, 1892 ; George T. Smith, 1895 ; J. G. Slaytor, 1900 ; J. W. Kerns, 1902 ; H. H. Moninger. M. J. Grable, 1909 ; A. F. Stahl. Present membership, 700. When the La Belle Land View Company laid out its hilltop addition in 1902, it offered a lot free of charge to the first religious society that would undertake to erect a building on the same for public worship. The offer was taken up by the Christian Congregation, and with the funds collected a neat frame chapel was erected the following year, which now has a good congregation in charge of C. N. Jarrett. On July 27, 1826, an organization was in- 416 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY corporated at Steubenville under the name of "Christian Church," with the following members: William Craig, Thomas Noland, Abram Winters, Sr. and Jr., Andrew Jones, James Taggart, John Hause, Hiram McFeely, William Carman, Henry Hause and James Tredway. At this time Alexander Campbell and his followers had not formally separated from the Baptists, and there is apparently no connection between this organization and the Campbell society, or Disciples of Christ, which organized in 1830. There is no subsequent record of this society. CONGREGATIONAL. The First Congregational Chureh was organized in October, 1875, fifty-two persons, who had withdrawn from the First Presbyterian Church, forming the nucleus. The original trustees were Charles Spaulding, W. R. E. Elliott and James Bair. Philharmonic Hall, on Fourth Street below Market, was used for a short time as a place of worship, when rooms were fitted up in the second story of the Odd Fellows building on North Fourth Street, which were occupied for seven years. Rev. II. M. Tenney was the first pastor, who served until the fall of 1879, and was succeeded by Rev. W. F. Blackman, who remained here until 1884. In 1882 David Spaulding and W. R. E. Elliott presented to the congregation a lot on the corner of Washington Street and Bank Alley, where a neat church and Sunday school building were completed the following year, at a cost of $20,000. Rev. Dan F. Bradley was the next pastor, who resigned in 1886 and was succeeded by Rev. C. W. Carroll, who, in turn, was succeeded by Rev. Mr. King in 1891, he remaifling about three years. He was succeeded 13r Rev. Joel Swartz in 1894; and he by Rev. C. C. Merrill early in 1898, and he, in turn, by Robert H. Higgins in 1902, who remained until 1905. His successor Was..L. H. Roget, who left in the fall of 1907, and was succeeded by Morgan P. Jones, the last incumbent. A pipe organ was purchased in 1888. The present membership is about one hundred and the trustees are I). J. Sinclair, John McClave, James Bair and Thomas M. Simpson. LUTHERAN. Services in connection with Zion's German Lutheran Church were held in the basement of the Second Presbyterian Church soon after 1860, and a regular organization was effected in 1862. A lot was purchased on Fifth. Street, below Washington, and a neat brick building erected thereon at a cost of $3,600, a parsonage being added a couple of years later, and an organ gallery in 1870. Rev. George Pfuhl was the first pastor, who was succeeded in 1.876 by Rev. Mr. Born. He remained about a year and was succeeded by Rev. C. A. Ilermann in 1878; Carl Mildner, 1890; Carl .Braun, 1900; A. Lange, 1903; A. Bender, 1905; Oscar Schaer, 1908. During Rev.. Lang's adininistration the building was enlarged and a new pipe organ secured. The present membership is about 250, and the trustees are A. Boethe, Henry Moto and William Melching. During Mr. Born's pastorship there was some dissatisfaction in the congregation and about 1877 a number of members withdrew and formed St. John's Lutheran Church. They met for a while in Barclay's Hall, corner of Sixth and Market Streets, but in 1880 the former African Church lot on the corner of Third and South Streets was purchased and a brick building, with a seating capacity of two hundred erected. The pastors have been Rev. W. L. Meyer, Theodore B. Ebert, P. Rather, A. J. Klindworth, H. A. P. Ziel, William Schneider, E. C. Stellhorn, C. W. Voss, J. Humberger, R. A. Saltzweddell, K. Braeuer. The present .membership is 127, the trustees being A. B. Duemlin, E. Bakel and A. Lucas. OTHER, BODIES. The Universalist and New Jerusalemites have had meetings in private houses and then dissolved. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 417 A society of Primitive Methodists was organized in 1869, and the following year a one-story brick structure, with capacity for 300 people, was built on the west side of Sixth Street, near Slack, called Latimer Chapel. Their pastors were Rev. G. Parker, W. B. Beach, L. 0. Beach, J. W. Reed, Mr. Batch, R. Fothergill and John Mason. They have since dissolved, and the building, after being occupied by the Salvation Army, Colored M. E. and perhaps one or twe other organizations, was finally disposed of to private parties. The Salvation Army, English and American Volunteers of America and other organizations have their periodical existence here, but none of them developed into permanent institutions. The Roman Catholic Church in this section has an interesting history, which is contributed elsewhere. Quinn Memorial A. M. E. Church is the oldest organization of this denomination in Ohio. It was formed, with eighteen members in 1823, by Rev. William Pauly Quinn, who was afterwards elected bishop. The organization took place in the house of the first class leader, Jacob Moore, on Fourth Street, three doors north of South Street. They first attempted to buy the lot at the northeast corner of Fifth and North Streets, but lost it. In 1846 they purchased the lot at the northwest corner of South and Third Streets, on which the St. John's German Lutheran Church now stands. Here the congregation began to build a church, which was completed by Rev. Bowman and dedicated by Rev. AL M. Clark. Dur- ing Rev. S. H. Thompson's pastorate, in 1873, this building was torn down and for several years the congregation met in halls and private houses. In 1878 a lot on the corner of Fifth and Washington Streets was purchased from Rev. John Williams and the dwelling thereon converted into a temporary church and pastor's residence combined. Shortly after, under the administration of Rev. Charles Bundy, the present neat brick church, 50x35 feet in dimensions, with lecture room below and auditorium above, was built. In 1893 Rev. W. T. Anderson, M. D., finished and furnished the auditorium, and the church was dedicated by Bishop D. A. Payne, who remarked that it was the first he had ever dedicated entirely free of debt. The handsome two-story brick parsonage, which cost $1,750, was built by Rev. John Dickerson during his pastorate. The following are the pastors in their order : Revs. Moses Freeman, Jeremiah Miller, Noah C. Cannon„T awes Gray, George Bowler, Austin Jones, George Coleman, Cousins, Reynolds, Turner Roberts, Charleston, Fiatt Davis, George Coleman, Thomas Lawrence, G. Boler, Clinton L. Davis, William Newman, Charles N. Peters, G. Clingerman, S. H. Thompson, J. Coleman, Simon Radcliff, Jeremiah Bowman, W. Morgan, T. Sunrise, John Ridgeway, Lewis Gross, Alexander Austin, Nelson Carter, James Stewart, S. N. Thompson, William Ralph, M. Smith, S. T. Jones, John Gibbons, S. H. Thompson (third, time), Ralph Burns, W. H. Lowry, D. N. Mason, A. March, R. H. Morris, W. H. Coleman, W. D. Mitchell, C. Bundy, B. P. Wheeler, J. W. Lewis, D. W. Butler, W. T. Anderson, M. D., George W. Maxwell, John-Dickerson, Primus Allston, C. D. White, Jackson. The trustees are M. M. Brown, A. J. Guy, John Matthews, George Johnson, David Smith. Present membership, one hundred. hi 1876 a number of members withdrew from the A. M. E. congregation and formed what was known as the Sixth Street M. E. Church. A frame building was erected on the east side of Sixth Street, above Dock, which was occupied for a number of years, when financial troubles compelled its relinquishment. The congregation afterwards acquired Latimer Chapel, on South Sixth Street, the organization being now known as Simpson M. E. Church. Here they remained until the purchase of the U. P. mission chapel at the head of Adams Street in 1904, which is now their permanent home The pastors of this con- 418 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY gregation have been Rev. Messrs. Posey, Carr, Bougher and others, E. W. Kitchen being the present pastor. HEBREW CONGREGATIONS. While there have been Hebrew residents of Steubenville for many years, there does not appear to have been any regular organization until about 1880. Meetings were held on the Sabbath at private houses for a while and then at Barclay's Hall, corner of Sixth and Market Streets. The Synagogue B'Nei Israel was formed with more commodious quarters in the Pearce block, on North Fourth Street. During this period .a divisi-,n occurred, and for a while there were two organizations, but they afterwards united. On June 4, 1903, they purchased the M. P. Church building on South Fifth Street for $11,000, which has been greatly improved and fitted up for religious worship. Among the rabbis in charge have been J. Fineberg, R. B. Raphelson, M. S. Peiros, M. Levy and I. Caplan, the present incumbent. The membership numbers sixty. BIBLE SOCIETY. The Steubenville Female Bible Society is one of the oldest institutions of the city, having been organized as an auxiliary to the American Bible Society in 1818. The object was to place a Bible, free if necessary, in every house, and the surplus, after providing for local needs, was sent to the parent society to be used in sending Bibles to all parts of the world. The original officers were : Mrs. Sarah Wells, president; Miss Hannah Graham, secretary, and Miss Sarah Findley, treasurer, with an executive committee of twelve. Among the early members were Mrs. Hetty Beatty, Mrs. Lydia McDowell, Miss Jane Hoge, Mrs. Anna Dike, Mrs. Rebecca Junkin, Mrs. Mary Semplq, Mrs. Hans Wilson, Mrs. Mary Buchanan, Mrs. Rebecca Morse and Mrs. Harriet Conn. Mrs. Sarah C. Moody was secretary for fifty years. Mrs. Emelda B. Donaldson was elected secretary in 1867, and still holds that office, keeping up the organization. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The first organization of the Young Men's Christian Association was effected on February 12, 1867, and reorganized on March 12 of that year. The third floor of the McConville block at Fourth and Market Streets was secured and a spacious library and reading room fitted up, the library including about a thousand volumes belonging to the City Library. This room proving too expensive, cheaper quarters were secured in A. Floto's block on North Fourth Street, and on the completion of the new Odd Fellows building in 1873, it was moved across the street to the second floor of that structure, where it remained until the latter part of 1875. There not being sufficient interest to sustain the organization, it was dissolved and the property sold to pay expenses. During this time a feature of the room was a collection of zoological, geological and other curiosities, the property of Archibald Hamilton, which, unfortunately, has been scattered by his death. Shortly after 1890 the association was revived, and for a few years occupied Garrett's Hall, when it was again dissolved. Nothing more was done in this direction until the spring of 1904, when $15,000 became available from the estate of John H. Hawkins. At that time, through the interest of David McGowan and Dohrman Sinclair, M. C. Williams, one of the secretaries of the State Executive Committee, came to Steubenville and spent some time in an effort to interest the citizens of Steubenville in the movement and provide the additional money necessary to purchase a lot and erect a building. This effort resulted in a subscription of $27,000 being secured, in addition to the $15,000 gift of Mr. Hawkins. In 1906 T. H. Brad-rick, of Piqua, Ohio, was chosen secretary, and on November 15 of that year a lot belonging to Miss Ellen Davidson, on Fourth Street, above Washington, 60 by 180 feet, AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 421 was purchased for $10,000. Herbert B. Briggs, of Cleveland, was appointed architect, and.work was begun on the present building a few months later, which was dedicated and opened for use in May, 1909. It is a handsome structure of light pressed brick and terra cotta trimmings, with four stories and basement, occupying practically the entire lot. The basement has two rooms in front for reading and games, with boiler and machinery rooms and swimming pool in the rear. Above this are the office, main reception rooms, restaurant and other rooms for various purposes. The upper floors are devoted to sleeping rooms and an auditorium seating about 250. The gymnasium is furnished with everything needed in that line, the building is thoroughly equipped throughout in every detail and elegantly finished in marble and hardwoods. The total cost of the property, including furniture, was about $125,000, and the whole plant is probably superior to any other in a city of Steubenville's size in the country. The present directors are : H. B. Grier, president H. D. Wintringer, vice president; John Potter, treasurer; H. H. McFadden, R. G. Richards, F. A. Hammond, A. W. Weber, George Swan, David McGowan, C. B. Crawford, Walter M. Smith, D. M. Gruber, E. M. Fisher, W. S. Walker, George S. Hawkins, F. W. Ewans, H. W. Parmenter, secretary, F. M. Yocum and R. C. Kirk. EARLY SOCIAL CIRCLES. Enough has already been written to show that in the way of education, culture and refinement the little town of Steubenville was second to no other in the western country. From an interesting article by Mrs. Ida A. Means in the centennial edition of the Herald-Star some notes are made, throwing light on social affairs of that period. In these circles the Misses Rebecca and Catherine Wells, daughters of Bezaleel Wells, were acknowledged belles. Miss Rebecca was a noted beauty, while Miss Catherine was noted for her intellec tual qualities and wit, and both were great favorites and had many suitors, and their marriages were among the most brilliant social events of the new century. Miss Rebecca married Rev. Philander Chase, son of the bishop of Ohio. Miss Eliza Stokely and Ross Wells were their attendants, and the ceremony was performed in the presence of a brilliant assemblage of distinguished guests. Rev. Chase lived but a short time, leaving her a widow with one child, Mary Chase. She afterward became the wife of Intrepid Morse, the venerable rector of St. Paul's parish, her second marriage taking place in the old Academy on South High Street, after the evening church services. She wore on the occasion a beautiful white leghorn hat, trimmed with an embroidered veil of white net, which was tied around the crown and was thrown back over the silken wedding gown. The veil was embroidered by Miss Sara Wood, a gentlewoman expert in fine needlework. Miss Catherine married Dr. John McDowell, one of the leading physicians of the new city. The younger sisters were also most popular young ladies, and Miss Annie married E. B. Kellog and afterward moved to California, and Miss Sarah married Rev. Dudley Chase, also a son of the bishop. So that the old homestead was a scene of many social gatherings and brilliant marriage festivities that for elegance, hospitality and good cheer were noted throughout the countryside. There were a number of Marylanders among the aristocratic early settlers, and John Bayless, who built the old stone mansion near Portland Station, which is standing in good preservation today, led a brilliant social set., visitors being entertained each summer from Baltimore, the gentlemen coming on horseback, and the ladies in carriages over the wild mountain roads. Two daughters, Caroline and Sophia, married Captain George and Leander Mitchell, brothers, of Mt. Pleasant, and removed to St. Louis and Alton, where they became leaders in church, social and philanthropic circles. 422 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY Weddings are among the most historic events of ye olden time, and the first couple married by Rev. Dr. C. C. Beatty, in his first pastorate, were D. L. Collier and Hettie Larimore. The second couple were John D. Slack, and Miss Catherine Spencer in 1823. One of the most beautiful and romantic pleasure resorts for the young people was "Slack's Linden hill l Gardens," located on Slack Street and reaching southwest to what is now Fourth Street extension and east to where the Pan Handle tracks now run. This beautiful tract was laid out in 1832 in English landscape gardening of terraces, right angles and picturesque walks making an entrancing scene of beauty. The rarest flowers were here brought to perfection and a conservatory, bath house and ice cream and other dainty refreshments were served to visitors. The property was purchased from Mr. Slack by W. R. Allison, at that time the editor of the Herald, in 1852, and remained in the family until 1879. One of the swells of 1805 was Robert Hening, who came with his brother, James Gordon Hening, from Winchester, Va., and cut quite a swath in social circles, and was always faultlessly attired, as follows : White silk hat, blue broadcloth coat, linen frills, small clothes and shoes of marvelous shine, and was never seen on the street without his umbrella. He was a general merchandise and forwarding business man, and carried on business on lower Market Street, on the present site of the Stanley building. The Hening wareroom was afterward burned. Captain Spencer, of the first battalion of the Royals, of the English army, married Alicia Courtenay, a cultured and highly educated Irish girl, who married the English soldier without her father's consent in 1799, and came to this country in 1803, and to Steubenville in 1804. Her daughter, Catherine, was one of the belles of the day, and, like her beautiful mother, married one of the most prosperous young merchants of the city, Mr. John D. Slack, without the consent of her guardian, James G. Hening, the action giving great offense to her English ancestors. Mr. Slack had three large stores, and carried on an extensive business, going east on horseback for goods, which came by wagon over the mountains. Another society belle was Miss Eliza Stokely, who married James Wilson, only son of Hans Wilson, who left a large estate to the Presbyterian missions. Mrs. Wilson made her appearance at church after her marriage, in a most beautiful gown of pearl gray merino, which opened down the front over a white satin embroidered petticoat. There were little gold catches down the side of the dress, so that the skirt could. be closed in over the petticoat or left open at will. About the neck she wore a cable watch chain dangling to her waist, and on her head a rice straw hat so thin and fine one could see through it. It was trimmed with roses as large as chrysanthemums. "I thought," said the narrator, "I had never seen so beautiful a woman, or one so handsomely dressed." The Beatty family were also among the oldest settlers and jived in a brick house, corner of Fourth and Market Streets, and were great Churchmen and women. Upon one occasion the ladies' sewing society were gathered there making fancy articles for a church entertainment, and were working upon chemisettes for gentlemen. These were fashioned out of fine white material, with much puffing and many frills, and were tied about the neck and waist with strings. One of the beaux called in and challenged any lady to don the chemisette and promenade Market Street, and he would donate $5 to the society. Mrs. Hutchinson took up the dare, donned her bonnet and the chemisette, and, taking the gentleman's arm, went out for a stroll, and she won the $5 for the fund. Miss Eliza Beatty was one of the children baptized by Bishop Chase in 1817, at his first baptism in the city. An elopement was also among the social happenings of the early part of the cen- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 423 tury. Miss Fanny Stokely, who was on her way to a boarding school in Philadelphia, stopped en route at Mr. Dorsey's at Brownsville, Pa. Here she was met by her lover, Peter Wilson, and they were married, the youthful bride being only in her sixteenth year. The family became famous. George was educated at West Point and became a classmate of Jeff Davis, and they tent to Prairie du Chien, Wis., together. Here Lieutenant Davis met General Taylor's daughter and eloped with her. Thomas Wilson married a daughter of David Hoge and settled in Iowa, and was a judge for forty years, and was succeeded by his brother, David. Samuel C. went to California and became one of the most celebrated lawyers of the coast, and his sons succeeded him and have recently won the famous law case for the Stanford University. The eldest daughter married Ross Wells, and their home was noted for hospitality and brilliant entertainments. George Wilson, a brother of Peter, was a young physician of Philadelphia, and started for the West in 1800. In coming down the river in a flatboat lie was wrecked at Brown's Island and hospitably entertained by Colonel Brown. Here he met Bezaleel Wells, who persuaded him to settle in the now city of Steubenville. His daughter married Dr. Mason and afterward General Stokely, and was the mother of Gen. John S. Mason, George Mason, the attorney; Mrs. E. S. Wood, Mrs. Colonel Lloyd and Mont. S. Stokely. General Stokely purchased the Grove in 1832. Among the noted receptions was that of Judge Wright in honor of Henry Clay. It was given at the homestead, corner of Seventh and Market Streets, and they had a large drawing room, extending on Market Street, where the brilliant assemblage of guests were presented to Mr. Clay. Mrs. Wright was a sister of Colonel James and Daniel L. Collier. Judge Wright, upon his removal from the city, sold this property to Judge Tappan, whose wife was his sister. Judge Tappan afterward married Mrs. Frazer, the mother of Abner and James Frazer and Mrs. Alexander Andrews, who was the mother of E. F. Andrews, the artist. Daniel L. Collier came here from Stockbridge, Conn., and was one of the most elegant and poplar beaux of the century. He married Hetty, daughter of David Larimore, a most beautiful girl, who is still living and makes her home with her daughter in Omaha, at the advanced age of ninety-four years. They built the colonial mansion on Market Street, afterwards the home of Mrs. Dr. Thomas Johnson, the Collier family leaving many years ago for Philadelphia. Judge Dike built the homestead, now the residence of Thomas Barclay, on Market Street, and married a daughter of Dr. John McDowell, who was a staff officer on General Washington's staff. During the War of the Revolution a British officer surrendered to Dr. McDowell, and his sword, with its silver scabbard, was given to another daughter, Mrs. Judge Leavitt, who afterward had the silver made into spoons. Years after, at the wedding of Col. John J. McCook and Miss Alexander, of New York, a young English gentleman told the incident of his paternal ancestor losing a silver sword and expressed great anxiety for its recovery. An investigation proved that this historic sword was now doing business as a. spoon. The Andrews family also added to the social status of the city. Martin Andrews, the pioneer, had a large wholesale grocery and his son, John, became a noted physician and president of the State Bank of Ohio, and married Miss Phoebe Lord, o f Columbus. He met her while he was visiting his sister, the second Mrs. Judge Tappan. A son of Dr. Andrews, Martin, married Carrie Wolcott and became a wealthy resident of Chicago. Dr. Andrews also had a number of other children. Wells & Dickenson were great sheep raisers, and their wool took the first premium for fine merino at the State Fair at Baltimore, Md., in the early twenties, it being the first State Fair ever held in the 424 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY United States. The premium was a handsome silver cup. The cup is now in possession of Mr. Dickenson's granddaughter, and is a priceless heirloom in the family. Le Marquis de Lafayette was so delighted with the enterprise of Messrs. Wells and Dickenson that he sent them a present of a fine ram and two ewes. The ram was the famous "Bolivar," to which many renowned merinos trace their record. This cup was also used as the first communion cup at the first sacrament of the pioneer Episcopal Church, the wine being served from a black bottle. Among the pioneer clergy was the Rev. George Buchanan, who organized the first United Presbyterian Church. He was born in York, Pa., in 1783, and graduated at Dickinson College and studied theology under the celebrated Dr. Mason and graduated in the first class of the first theological seminary established in this country. He established churches at Richmond and Paris, Pa. Rev. Buchanan also opened a classical school for boys in the basement of his residence on upper Market Street, among the number being Edwin M. Stanton ; Dr. John Newton, the first American missionary to India ; Judge Johnson, of Cincinnati ; Judge Wilson, of Iowa ; John Hoge, lawyer, of San Francisco ; the Wellses, Wrights, Dohrmans, Tappans, Sutherlands, George Beatty, and others, who became prominent. He was in demand throughout the countryside to perform the marriage ceremony and married five hundred couples during his ministry, and had some rich experiences, and at one time after riding to Island Creek to marry a couple, the groom offered to pay the fee in a bushel of castor oil beans, which were jocosely declined. He was chaplain of the regiment which rendezvoused here in the War of 1812. A report came in that the British and Indians were going to sweep down on the city, and the soldiers were panic-stricken. Rev. Buchanan called them together in the court house and preached a powerful sermon from the text, "Go up to battle, for the Lord is with you." This inspired great courage, and, riding his famous horse, "Punch," he led the host to rout the enemy, but, alas, it was a false alarm. Judge Wilson's family were one of the most popular in the city, and their elegant homestead on Logan Street, afterward occupied by Col. James Collier, was the scene of many gay festivities. He had a large family, and his eldest daughter married Mr. Larimore, a brother of Mrs. Daniel Collier. His youngest son, Joseph Wilson, who studied for the ministry and married Miss Woodrow Wilson, is the noted professor and writer at Princeton College. Mrs. Sheldon, a handsome and cultured lady, of Hartford, Conn., also selected Steubenville as her home, and had a family of beautiful daughters, who were popular young ladies of the first social era of the city. The eldest married David Moody, Sr., the cashier of the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank. The other daughters married Christopher Orth, Alexander McDowell and Dr. John McCook. They all reared large families, and their sons and daughters occupied honored positions in the world. Rev. Obadiah Jennings, of the First Presbyterian Church, was a man of learning, and afterward became president of Washington and Jefferson College, and his wife was a sister of Daniel Potter, and his daughter married Governer Wise, of Virginia. He was succeeded here by Rev. C. C. Beatty, son of Major Erkuries Beatty, paymaster of the western army, who made a survey of the Ohio in 1785, and afterward settled in Steubenville. Rev. Beatty's first wife was a sister of Rev. Matthew Brown, president of Washington & Jefferson College, and he afterward married Miss Hettie Davis, who founded the Steubenville Female Seminary in 1829. One of the gayest seasons, when the social circle of ye olden time was in the zenith of its glory, was upon the time that Henry Clay and Judge McLennan visited the city. Parties and receptions followed. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 425 The ladies sent to Philadelphia for their gowns of rich brocade, silk and lace, which are yet heirlooms in many of the old families, and are brought out on festive occasions. The gentlemen were also in gay attire, and wore blue broadcloth coats, ruffled shirts, buff vests and small clothes with silken hose. Their manners were most gallant and courteous, and they were celebrated in a later day and known as gentlemen of the "old school." Captain Spencer was one of the noted gallants, and his sisters were famous musicians, Mrs. Scull being the happy recipient of the first piano ever brought over the mountains. One of the greatest social events of the year was the Washington Ball, given on February 22, in the old Washington Hall that stood on the site of the present McConville Hotel. The ballroom was made resplendent with mirrors and . flags, and the floor was waxed in the perfection of smoothness for the minuet, the greatest honor among the belles being the opening of the ball. Upon this auspicious occasion General Stokely was the honored guest, and upon him devolved the important feat of opening the ball. The maidens fair had assembled in all their pomp of brocade, powder and hoops, and each was on the qui vive as to who should be chosen as the general's partner. With merry banter and repartee they left their dressing room, and as the custom of the day walked into the ballroom and were seated in a row by the wall; the gentlemen being already assembled, the decisive moment was at hand. The general, equal to the occasion, passed down the room, the target of bright eyes, and with low obeisance, extended his hand to Miss Elizabeth Collier, and led off the dance, opening one of the gayest balls in the annals of the city. Among other prominent families who have contributed to the business enterprises and social pleasures of the city were the Roberts, Dohrmans, Gallaghers, Means, Junkies, Parks, Doyles, O’Neals, McDonalds, McFeelys, McDevitts, McGowans, Wolcotts, McCooks, Allisons, Johnsons, Ragans, Sutherlands, Warners, Jewetts, Reids, Stewarts, Filsons, Donaldsons, Kilgores, Davidsons, Elliotts, Spauldings, Dotys, and many others whose names would fill a volume. CITY LIGHTING. Steubenville has the reputation of being the best lighted city in the Union, and there is little doubt that such is the case. On March 23, 1850, an act was passed incorporating the Steubenville Gas Light and Coke Company, the incorporators being Benjamin P. Drennen, Christopher C. Wolcott, James H. Warner, John Andrews and James Means. The subscription books were opened at John Andrews's counting room on April 25, and on May 4 following a board of directors was elected, consisting of John Andrews, president ; Roderick R. Moody, secretary ; D. L. Collier, Thomas Johnson, Francis G. Macey and John Lockwood. A lot was purchased at the northwest corner of High and Adams Streets, and work of building was begun by John Lockwood & Co. in October, 1850. The first superintendent was Thomas Jones, and he was followed by Louis A. Walker, Andrew J. Carroll, Joseph Gwynn, J. Charles Ross and J. Rothery. The mains were first laid up High Street to Market, up Market to Fifth and up Third to Washington, subsequently taking in all the older portions of the city, with some fourteen miles of pipe. The Steubenville coal was suited to the manufacture of gas, and the sale of coke and other byproducts of the retorts added considerably to the income. By the fall of 1886 electric lighting was coming into vogue in the larger cities, and not to be behind the Steubenville Electric Light and Power Company was organized and a plant constructed on the Zink lot, near the foot of North Street. The new light met with favor, and the gas company having an unexpired contract with the city, the new company offered to place arc lights at the principal street intersections at the nominal price of $1 per year, with the ex-