500 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY house for ordinary gatherings, but con -tinued to have the use of the houses at Mt. Pleasant and Short Creek for quarterly and yearly meetings. In 1854 the Orthodox Friends suffered another division into Gurneyites and Wilburites, the former being followers of Joseph John Gurney, who favored evangelism, and the latter disciples of John Wilbur who dissented. As noted elsewhere, the Wilburites secured the boarding school, which the courts compelled them to surrender, and also the big yearly meeting house, the Gurneyites taking the one on Short Creek. The latter, however, discontinued the use of the Short Creek house, and a tripartite arrangement was made by which all the factions could hold yearly meetings in the big house in town. It was too large, however, for ordinary meetings, and so about twenty-five years ago the Gurneyites built a neat brick meeting house in the village, where they now have a regular minister, organ and all the procedure of ordinary Protestant worship. Their first regular minister was Rev. D. B. Updegraff, who was succeeded by Rev. J. Pennington and Isaac Kinsey, the present incumbent. A Sunday school was started May 3, 1858, with Ellwood Ratcliff as superintendent, which is still in operation. The Short Creek meeting house is silent and deserted, but the Trenton congregation still conducts worship after the primitive style of Friends. The distinctive costume is now the exception rather than the rule, and the surroundings would not be recognizable by any of the patriarchs. The Wilburites now have their headquarters at Barnesville, Belmont County. They also conduct services at the old meeting house near Harrisville after the primitive method. There is a meeting house at Long Run, which is only used occasionally when some one goes and preaches there. M. E. missionaries were in Mt. Pleasant Township as elsewhere at an early date, and in 1815 a small brick church was built at the east end of the village on ground owned by David McMasters, a local minister. The house was also used for school purposes for a number of years. In 1827 when the agitation for lay representation began, which resulted in the formation of the Methodist Protestant organization, the Mt. Pleasant congregation, Possibly from the daily example of the Quakers, was almost solidly favorable to the new movement, and finally joined itself to the new organization, while continuing to occupy the old buildings. As no title had been obtained to the property, and David McMasters dying that year, it was conveyed by his heirs to the Methodist Protestant organization, which was formed in 1829 with William B. Evans, local minister; Samuel Pennington, class leader, and Anna McMasters, Aaron B. Townsend, Mary Witherow, Mrs. Kerlin, and James Davis among the original members. The old house was taken dawn in 1839 and a new building 30x50 feet erected on the site. During the razing of the old building one of the walls fell on Henry Marshall and John Sidebottom, breaking Marshall's thigh and severely injuring Sidebottom. During its erection the new house caught fire from a defective flue, and the roof and plastering were destroyed, which delayed its completion until 1842, the Presbyterian Church, being used in the meantime. This building was occupied by the Union Sabbath school, started by Miss Sarah Clark, a visitor from Philadelphia, in 1843. Pinckney Lewis was the first superintendent, and George K. Jenkins, librarian. In 1849 Mr. Lewis having been elected state senator, he resigned, and was succeeded by John H. Mercer until 1870, when he was succeeded. by Dr. T. N. Lewis until 1873 Oliver Flanner to 1875, when Mercer was again elected. The school did considerable missionary work in the way of educating Indians and in other directions. For many years it was the only Sunday school in the village but now each congregation has its own school. The building was also used for temperance meetings and other public gatherings until it was replaced by a new house 40x60 feet in 1869, on the same lot. It was dedicated by Alexander Clark in the winter AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 501 of that year and cost about $6,000. About 100 members were added during a revival during the winter of 1864. The local ministers have been David McMasters, Pinckney Lewis, John H. Mercer and Henry Heberling. Among the traveling pastors have been Wm. B. Evans, Rufus Richardson, Moses Scott, E. E. Scott, Wm. Callege, F. Hopwood, Z. Ragan, J. S. Thrapp, Thomas Fairchild, Jacob Nicholls, John Burns, J. W. Case, Wm. Baldwin, T. L. Scott, G. W. Hissey, H. F. Bradford, J. B. McCormick, T. L. Diddle, J. M. Woodward, J. D. Murphy, O. McKeever. Rev. Mr. Schurmann is the present pastor. There is no M. E. congregation in the township. About 1892 an M. P. Mission was established in Dillonvale, and a frame building erected. It is served from Mt. Pleasant. An African M. E. Church was organized at Mt. Pleasant about 1818. A rented house at the west end of the village was used as a place of worship until its purchase a few years later. Becoming unfit for use it was sold and a neighboring lot purchased, on which a neat brick building was erected, which is still in use. It had at one time as high as 170 members, but internal dissensions and a division in 1871 reduced this materially. In the fall of 1871 fifteen members withdrew from the A. M. E. Church and formed a new M. E. Church, meeting in the colored school, house. Their earlier ministers were Alexander Hargrave, 1871-3 ; Lewis Carr, 1874 ; Jacob Skinner, 1875 ; Jesse Hargrave, 1876-8 ; George Carr, 1879 ; Rev. Brown, 1897. A colored Baptist Church was organized at Trenton on January 10, 1844, at a meeting held in a brick house owned by Esther Sparksman. Wm. Callihan was moderator, and Milton W. Kasley, clerk. The original members were George Sparks-man (deacon), John Cusans (clerk), Esther Sparksman, John and Harriet E. Williams, Frank King, Susan Thompson, John V. and Sarah Brown, Elizabeth Sparksman, John Thompson, Charlotte Duting and Martha Sawyer. Elder Callihan closed with a discourse and the church united with the Zoar Association. On November 2, 1850, Elder Jones was called to the pastorate at a salary of $4 a month. May 30, 1854, a committee was appointed, and a church building lot afterwards purchased from Henry Bundy for $30, the money for the first payment being raised among the members. On October 26, 1860, Madison H. Gaskins was employed as pastor at a salary of $105 for half his time. Meetings were held in the Seceder Church for about eighteen months, when a room was taken in Mrs. Sparksman's house, which was used until 1872. A frame house of worship 24x30 was built that year, costing $1,000. Elder G. L. Sedgwick preaching the sermon. A sabbath school was started in 1868, and two ministers have been ordained, Jared Charles in 1866 and Madison Boggs in 1873. Membership about fifty. A religious organization known as the Church of God was formed about 1890 at Long Run, and a small building erected where services are held. Two Roman Catholic Churches to accommodate the different nationalities have been erected at Dillonvale, the first pastor of one being Rev. Father Smoger, since removed to Steubenville, and Rev. Father Danner the other. SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. To the north of Mt. Pleasant lies Smithfield Township, even six miles square with thirty-six full sections. It was detached from Short Creek on November 7, 1805, and election for trustees held at the house of William Stewart, the commissioners being Andrew Anderson, John Jackson and Benjamin McCleary, with John Ward, clerk. The township at this time included the present Mt. Pleasant Township, from which it was detached in 1807, receiving its name from the town of Smithfield, already laid out. It is more rugged than Mt. Pleasant, but its limestone soil has been productive of fine grain crops and has been es- 502 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY pecially favorable to the growth of superior strains of Merino sheep and other blooded stock. Like Mt. Pleasant, the rich coal veins have produced an enormous development of that industry during the last few years. Two squatters named Simpson and Tyson are said to have been the first settlers within the limits of the present township. They came and built their cabins the latter part of the Eighteenth century, and left about the year 1800. They occupied land about half a mile south of the village afterwards entered by William Kirk and subsequently owned by William Purviance, Jr. Next came the influx of Friends or Quakers between 1798 and 1800. A company of five or six families from North Carolina settled south of the present village, among them being Richard and Christopher Kinsey, Mason Miller, Richard Jelks, Malachi Jolly and ______ Alberson. Jolly's land was west of the Wm. Purviance farm, and adjoining this on the west was school land, Section 16. John Morton and Cadwallader Evans came about 1802 and settled in Section 17, the former taking the southeast quarter, now Runyon place, and Evans the northeast, now Vermillion. The northwest quarter was settled by Joseph McGrew, now Hammond. North of this Samuel Cope, of Redstone (now Brownsville, Pa.), entered a half section, and located his son Joseph, who died there and left it to his sons, B. W., William and Willits Cope. James Purviance about 1806 entered two sections east of Cope's, extending to the Wells Township line and south to Jolly's. Six of his sons and one daughter, Mrs. Sarah Sidwell, settled on the land. Thomas, one of the sons, occupied 200 acres in the northeast part, afterwards owned by Sutherland and Hobbs. James owned 146 acres on the south, afterwards owned by John Scott. Richard had 200 acres in the southeast corner, William 200 acres in the northwest, Sarah 120 acres, David 200, and Joseph 200 in the southern corner. Thomas and James came about 1810, and the others soon after. Farther south among the first settlers were John Naylor, Caleb Kirk, Thomas Carr, Richard Logan, John Cramlet and Nathan Cullom. Walter Francis settled near York in 1799 and Jacob Winters on the northeast quarter of Section 27 in the spring of 1800. The same year John Stoneman settled on the James Russell farm near Adena, John Wallace on the George Hamilton, and John McLaughlin on the Samuel McLaughlin farm. Then we have James McGrail, Nathaniel Moore and Daniel Haynes ; last but not least, Jacob Holmes, the Indian scout who had a government grant on which Holmes M. E. Church was built. Daniel Haynes lived to the age of 101 years, and related to his descendants that about 1802 the family of John Jamison, composed of husband, wife and several children, the wife riding a cow with a babe in her arms, came from the Ohio River up Short Creek to near Adena, and squatted on his land. The settlers jointly built them a cabin and, according to custom, Jamison was permitted to crop all the land he could clear in order to give him a start. This was the beginning of the well known Jamison family, of Harrison County. According to John S. Williams, who was editor of "The American Pioneer," published in Cincinnati in 1843, he came with a party of Quakers from Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1800, the party including his mother, sister and brother, Joseph Dew, Levina Hall and Jonas Small and families. On arrival at Redstone, Pa., they found several families starting on the return, being dissatisfied with the new country's prospect. Like some of the Israelites they concluded it more comfortable to continue to endure the sight of slavery so abhored, than to found a home in the wilds of Qhio. The others came on, and were .met at Steubenville by Horton Howard, who escorted them to the Short Creek and Wheeling Creek Valleys. They stopped over night at Warren (Warrenton). A portion of the company of twelve families went from Warrenton to John Leaf's, in the Concord (Colerain) settlement, where there was already a meeting, and Joseph AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 503 Dew and Mrs. Hall to Mt. Pleasant, the others going to Smithfield. The widow of John Sherrard (who was with the Crawford expedition) with four sons, including Robert A., father of the late Hon. R. Sherrard, came from Pennsylvania and settled in Smithfield in 1804, but soon after removed to Warren Township, and built a mill near the mouth of Rush Run. SMITHFIELD VILLAGE. As intimated, the village of Smithfield is older than the separate organization of the township, and gave to the latter its name. In 1800 Horton J. Howard and Abel Townsend entered Section 11, on which the, present town is located, which they sold in small tracts as follows : To James Garretson, forty-eight acres in the southwest corner, afterwards owned by William Naylor; north of this seventy-six acres, to Caleb Kirk, afterwards owned by Mathias Ong and W. A. Judkins ; farther north 100 acres to Joel Hutton and Casparis Garretson, afterwards bought by William and Samuel Naylor and subsequently owned by William and Thomas Wood and heirs of the latter. A fraction still farther north was sold to William, Wood, and subsequently to Benjamin. Ladd and Hugh Hammond. James Carr bought the east half of the northeast quarter, and here on August 18, 1803, he platted a town, to which he gave the name Smithfield. Its origin reminds one of some of the mediaeval legends in regard to the selection of sites for religious houses. It is said that a surveying party from the Ohio River stopped here, and while taking a view of the landscape with the proprietor the leader of the company, remarked : "This is the finest situation for an inland town that we have seen since we left the river," whereupon an arrangement was made for the party to stop and lay out a town, which was expected to become a leading center of trade. There were ninety-four lots 75x150 feet each in the original plat, separated by South, High and North Streets, and in- tersected by Front, Second, Third and Fourth. Lots one and two were reserved for public use, number three being afterwards substituted for the latter, bringing both on the same side of the street. A public square was provided at each end of the village, where now stand the public school building and hay scales. Mr. Carr laid out an addition to the village in 1805, and another in 1815. Since then there have been three others, by Isaac Lewis, Mr. Cheffey and M. W. Simpson, the two latter being outside the corporation. The first house within the village limits was a log cabin on High Street west of the old Smithfield bank building. The lot was later owned by G. Washington Whitton. The next was built in 1804 by Mr. Griffith on the corner of Fourth and Main streets, opposite Litten's Hotel. He kept a tavern there a short time and sold to William Wood, who started a store in it, being the first in the place. The house was built of hewn logs and was occupied as a residence by William Wood's grandson, Henry, who moved to Steubenville a number of years ago. Isaac Lewis now occupies the property. The third was built by Josiah Glover in 1804, and when it was partly completed he returned to Maryland, his former home, and remained there until 1808, when he came back to Smithfield, finished the building and opened a hotel in 1808. He conducted it until 1820, when he leased it to Mr. Duvall for a couple of years, when he again took charge and continued there until his death about 1850. His son, Cuthbert, then continued the business until 1863, when he sold out to John Gilmore, wno ran it until 1864, when he sold to Jesse Litten, who took possession on October 1, who remained there for about twenty years. Although the house has had several additions the original log structure is an integral part of the building. Mr. Litten's widow continued the hotel under the name of Litten House when at her death about 1900 it passed into the hands of W. B. Naylor and was converted into a private dwelling. The first frame house was built 504 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY on the east side of Main street, opposite Charles Mathews's store. It was owned and occupied as a dwelling by M. H. Ong, and now by J. W. Jones, the druggist. David Purviance built the first brick house in the township about one-half mile east of the village, John Duff being the mason, about the year 1809. The property is now owned by Galbraith and others. The second store was started by Thomas Fleming in the building afterwards occupied as the postoffice, moving there from Wells Township. William Matthews had the third on the corner of Main street, opposite the Grant House on the property afterwards owned by Mrs. Naylor. William Blackiston and Benjamin Ladd had a large mercantile house on a lot afterwards owned by Rezin Jones and Edith McGrail. Blackiston lived near the store while Ladd remained on the farm outside of town. Pork packing became an important industry here as well as at Mt. Pleasant between 1815 and 1840, in which this firm was a leader; in fact, Mt. Pleasant had a greater business in this respect than any other place in the country. Richard and William Purviance carried on business in the building afterwards occupied by Shane & Bro., and nOw owned by Mrs. Ramsey. Finley B. McGrew kept a store in the house now occupied by Mr. Thomasson and owned by T. W. Purviance. Thomas McGrew is in the Mather property. The extensive tanyard industry is described elsewhere ; it added materially to the business of the bustling little village, which down to 1850 bid fair to realize the most sanguine expectations of its founder. William Burrell was the first physician, coming about 1806 and locating on High street on the property later owned by Evan Purviance. William Judkins was the next a few years later, followed by his brother, Anderson, and then William Leslie and son, John, who came between 1818 and 1820. Joel Hutton was the first shoemaker. The village was incorporated in 1832, the following being a list of mayors since that time : William Blackiston, 1832-7 ; Charles Barnes, 1838-9 ; Louis Kinsey, 1840 ; F. M. Talbot, 1841; John C. Phipps, 1842 ; Jacob Ong, 1843; William Gassaway, 1844-6; John Irvine, 1847 ; William Whitten, 1848-50; William Gassaway, 1851; John Gilmore, 1852 ; John Irvine, 1853-4 ; William Matthews, 1855-6 ; John Irvine, 1857-60; D. M.. Allen, 1861-4; William Vermillion, 1865 Cuthbert Glover, 1866 ; H. M. Sanborn, 1867; Jesse Litten, 1868 ; John Young, 1869; John Irvine, 1870 ; D. M. Allen, 1871-2 ; H. M. Sanborn, 1873 ; W. B. Whitten, 1874 ; G. W. Lee, 1875-7; John White, 1878-9 ; Dr. Walter Moore,. 1884- 1894 ; A. J. Ralston, 1894-1909; Albert Barger, 1910. The postoffice was established in 1805, with Abel Carey the first postmaster, succeeded by the following: William Blackiston, 1829 ; Thomas Odbert, Geo. M. Fleming, two months ; John Irvine, 1841, Charles Barnes, 1841-5; Robert Leslie, 1845-9; John Hobson, 1849-51; Charles Long, 1851-53 ; Jason Brown, 1853-61; James Watson, 1861-6; Jason Brown, 1866-9; Jonathan C. Harrison, 1869, succeeded by Edward Trippen, T. B. Vermillion and George Pearce, the present incumbent. The population of Smithfield was 425 in 1850, 515 in 1870, 559 in 1880, 639 in 189Q, and 503 in 1900. Smithfield Lodge No. 182, F. & A. M., was chartered October 15, 1849, the three principal officers being Charles Mather, W. M. ; N. A. Adams, S. W.; John Gilmore, J. W. Smithfield Royal Arch Chapter was chartered October 17, 1859, the principal officers being Charles Mather, H. P. ; Amos Jones, K. ; George W. Drake, S. After running a few years it was consolidated with the other lodge. Smithfield Lodge No. 591 was instituted July. 27, 1874, with the following charter members : John A. Penn, John M. Boyd, Wm. W. McConnell, A. B. Conoway, H. 0. Conoway, Jacob Barkhurst and John Heaton. It has since dissolved. Both Senior and Junior Order American Mechanics organized, of which the former is still in operation, and also a G. A. R. post. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 505 There was a bank at Smithfield early in the last century, but it was an unprofitable enterprise and went out of business. At the beginning of 1864 Joseph H. Cope, who had been connected with the* Mt. Pleasant bank for twenty years, started to organize a national bank. The people were slow to respond, but finally an organization was effected, with a capital of $63,000, soon after increased to $100,000. On June 24 the stockholders completed their organiza-tion by electing as directors Joseph H. Cope, Charles Mather, Joseph Jones, Wil-liam S. Bates, Elisha Cooke, Jr., Nathan Hughes, H. S. Black, C. D. Kaminsky and Joseph Hammond. Mr. Cope was chosen president, and served until his death in February, 1879. C. D. Kaminsky was elected vice-president in 1871, and became president on the death of Mr. Cope, when H. S. Black was elected vice-president. Among other members of the early boards 'were William Sharon, Cuthbert Glover, James M. Newlin, John Cole, John Galbraith, Mifflin Ong, William Vermillion. James C. Scott was elected cashier, but only served a few months when William Vermillion was elected his successor. Mr. Vermillion died suddenly at his desk, and was succeeded by his son, Edward B. J. B. Lowry is the present cashier, and John Galbraith, president. The Merchants and Mechanics' Bank organized a little over a year ago and purchased the William Jones property. Horace Cattell is cashier, and William Reynard, president. That the town continues to maintain the enterprise manifested by its early settlers is demonstrated by its successful annual fair, the only one in the county, which is attended by thousands, many coming a considerable distance. The society is a joint stock company, incorporated in 1871 with a capital stock of $4,000, divided into eighty shares of $50 each. The object of the society is the improvement of agriculture, blooded stock, horticulture and mechanic arts. A tract of twelve and one-half acres was purchased of Joseph H. Cope for $150 an acre, and necessary buildings were erected in time for the first exhibition in September, 1871. The land lies immediately north of the village, and the grounds are beautifully located and fully equipped with halls, stalls, etc., for exhib-itors, including a good third of a mile driv-ing track. The annual premiums amount to about $1,600 and operating expenses $400 to $500 more, while the receipts run from $1,800 to $2,500, which keeps the books balanced on the safe side, and as the institution is for the benefit of the com-munity and not for profit that is all that is needed. The revenues are also supplemented by an allowance from the county treasury. There is an unusually large board of directors, composed of W. O. Reynard, president ; M. B. Cole, vice-president ; J. O. Hayne, secretary ; Chas. McKinney, treasurer; J. S. Vale, ticket agent ; R. A. Hayne, J. P. H. Henderson, A. C. Vermillion, J. L. Welday, J. W. Polen, D. F. Elliott, Fred Scott, Robert Large, J. O. Nay-lor, Dwight Elliott, A. H. Mills, J. E. Gault, A. L. Sutherland, A. U. Moore, W. B. Mather, R. J. Henderson. For quite a number of years the subject of a children's home has been agitated in Jefferson County, and from a bequest left by the late Robert Speer and a gift by Mrs. Anna Brown a fund of $20,630.40 has been accumulated towards that object. The authorities, however, did not see their way clear to the founding of such an institution, and the children entitled by law to become inmates of such an institution have been cared for in the homes of neighboring coun-ties. But the work which the public in its official capacity seemed unable to under-take was undertaken by an individual with a marked degree of success. Several years ago when the mine developments began at Bradley near Smithfield, Samuel T. Purviance had his attention attracted by a number of children in the hamlet whose parents were either dead or indifferent to their welfare, so that they were practically deserted. Moved by compassion at their misfortunes he gathered them into his own house at Smithfield, where he and his wife, 506 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY with the assistance of his father, looked after them. The institution naturally grew, until it was necessary to call on outside assistance, which was generously afforded. A fund was raised with which a house and tract of thirty-eight acres were purchased from Nancy V. and W. F. Burris on April 19, 1907, for $4,400. The property is located about three-fourths of a mile from Smithfield on the Portland pike, and contains a good brick dwelling considerably enlarged and other outbuildings. The tract was conveyed to Oliver Thomas, Evan H. Purviance, S. T. Purviance, William W. Thomason, Anna H. G. Brown, Martha Cope, Sarah Wheeler, S. G. Park and Calvin Shreve as trustees. The institution has been incorporated with Hon. R. G. Richards as president, and upwards of a thousand persons have subscribed from $1 per annum to a considerable sum to keep it in operation. Nothing is received from the county except payment for the board and care of such children as may be sent there by the authorities. There is a competent matron in charge, and the health, training, moral and intellectual development of the children are carefully looked after. At present there are thirty-one inmates, and additional quarters are needed. Homes in families are found for children when practicable, and the management of the institution has been such as to commend it as a work of practical philanthropy. The title of the institution is The Children's Bethel. J. F. Masters is secretary. York village was laid out by David Updegraff in 1815 and a postoffice was established there in 1832, with Ambrose Updegraff, postmaster. Among his successors have been Joseph Wallace, E. H. Kirk, James Hutton, A. J. Purviance, Robert Thompson, Henry Waddle, Jacob Peter-man, William F. Hooper, V. P. Gorby, W. D. Thompson and W. H. Calderhead. The census reports eighty-nine inhabitants in 1850 and the same number in 1870. It is about five miles southwest of Smithfield. Adena is located in the southwest corner of the township directly on the Harrison County line. It is a neat little village of about 600 people, and has built up considerable trade since becoming a station on the W. L. E. railroad. Bradley is a new mining town about two miles from Smithfield, which has obtained more or less notoriety through labor troubles. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. The first school in the township was taught by Mr. Shackelford in the village in 1802. He was followed by Miss Armilla Garrettson, who was peculiarly afflicted, being destitute of lower limbs below the knee and also of one arm, all from natural causes. Joe] Hutton, the shoemaker, also taught in the winter season. These schools were all held in the Friends' meeting house. James Tolletson, an Irishman, was the next teacher, who taught in a log house near the brick building of the old Smithfield bank. Shortly after the first school house was built on the same lot as the present school house. The second school house was built about 1839, which was used until 1858, when a third house was built., This was not satisfactory and was torn down lately, when the present structure, containing four primary rooms and one high school room, was erected. Other schoolhouses in the township are located at York, Adena and Bradley, and in the following sections : 2 Barkhurst, 7 Carson, 9 Barkhurst, 15 Reynard, 20 Gosnell, 23 Thompson, 18 Hammond. The Friends or Quakers were first to form a religious organization in the township, in 1802. Meetings were held in private houses until 1804, when a log building was erected in the village, where the present meeting house stands. This was used until 1813, when it was replaced by a substantial brick, which, with some repairs, lasted until 1879, when it was removed and a large frame house, costing $2,000, was put up in its place. The building committee consisted of Nathan L. Wood, William M. Cope and Evan Purviance. The lot contains ten acres and was deeded June AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 507 7, 1810, by James Carr to George Hammond, Casparis Garretson, David Purviance and Nathan McGrew as trustees for the society. It was originally called Plymouth Monthly Meeting, but in 1818 the name was changed to Smithfield. Among the original members in 1802 were Benjamin Townsend and wife Jemima, Malachi Jolly, Richard Jelks, James Carr, William Kirk, George and James Hammond and David Purviance. The first marriage was Evan Evans and Mary Brighte, or Brite, on April 20, 1808. The first burial in the graveyard was a child of Malachi Jolly, and the first adult was Jemima Townsend. A Sunday school was started in later years. As elsewhere, in 1828 the Smithfield Friends divided into the Hicksite and Orthodox parties. The former organized a separate society in 1829 and built a house near the east end of Fourth Street, where they worshipped until 1859, when, by deaths and removals, their number became so small that they dissolved their organization and sold their property. Their house, a brick building, was purchased by William Vermillion and the property is now owned by William Moores, the house having been removed. In 1854 came the Gurney-Wilbur division, in which the former, being largely in the majority, kept the church building and the others withdrew and formed a separate organization. They met in private houses and never built a church. Holmes M. E. Church is the oldest organization of that denomination in the township and has been claimed to be the first northwest of the Ohio, which, however, has been disputed, probably with success, by Hopewell in Wells Township. It is, however,. indisputably one of the oldest. The original building was built on Short Creek, about five miles southwest of the present village, in 1803. It was called Holmes meeting house, after Jacob Holmes, a local minister, who owned the land. Concerning Holmes,, Curtis Wilkin, a grandson, writes to the Steubenville Gazette that he was borii December 8, 1768, in Rockingham County, Virginia, and when a small boy his father moved to Bedford County, Pennsylvania, then to Catfish, Pa., now Washington, then to Buffalo Creek, near the river, where he grew to manhood, and in 1791 was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Michael and Hannah Doddridge Huff. Shortly after his marriage he was employed by the United States government as an Indian scout, and in company with his brother-in-law, Kinsey Dickerson, and a man named Washburn, was thus employed for three years. For his services he received a tract of land on Short Creek, a few miles north of where Mt. Pleasant now stands. To this place he moved his family in the spring of 1796. He resided on this farm some twenty-five years, when he sold to a man named Comley and removed to the northern part of Harrison County, now in Carroll County. He resided here until 1832, when he again sold out and removed to Fairfield Township, Highland County. In the summer of 1838 he again sold out and bought a farm one mile north of Kenton, Hardin County, to which he moved in the spring of 1839, and there he died October 14, 1841. On October 30, 1840, he requested all of his children to meet at his home in a family reunion and take dinner with him. The children all met, except Mrs. Augustine Bickerstaff, of Steubenville, her health not permitting. Ex-Sheriff Ambrose Moore is a grandson of Holmes. The church was built of hewn logs and was about twenty-six feet long with a fireplace on one side, not less than seven feet in the clear. The story was nine feet high, with the joists close together and covered with clapboards, forming the ceiling. The roof was made of clapboards held down by heavy poles, the floor was of puncheons and the seats were made by splitting small trees in two pieces. The house was parallel with the creek, and the door fronted the southeast. No money was spent in its construction, the people coming together and performing the necessary labor. Charles Moore, Richard Moore, Isaac Meek and Mr. Crane were among the originators. There 508 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY had been preaching at Holmes 's and Meek's before the erection of the building, but there is no record of any previous to 1800. Three of Isaac Meek's sons, John, James and Jacob, were preachers. Other preachers here at that time were Ellis Matthews, Asa Shinn, Cullison, James Riley, Jacob Young, Thornton Fleming, Burke, James Quinn and Bishop Asbury. While the latter was preaching a bench broke down, and he stopped and thanked God that there was a floor in the church to catch those who fell. This church was abandoned in 1810, on account of the difficulty of reaching it when the creek was high or filled with ice. Bodies in the graveyard were removed to other cemeteries, but some were left to be carried away by the waters of the creek, which now flows through the place and across the ground where stood the church. The logs in the building were utilized to make canes and other mementoes. A new house was built in 1810 on higher ground about half a mile from the first building, which was deeded to Jacob Holmes, John Stoneman, William Storer, Jacob Jones, James Smith, S. Moore, E. Pierce, R. Moore and John Barkhurst. Elias Crane preached at the laying of the cornerstone. The house originally was a long, narrow building, with pulpit and door in the sides. The pulpit recess was formed by building a large pen of logs outside, connected with the main walls, and the same arrangement was made opposite at the door, forming a large vestibule and giving the house the appearance of an ark with large wheelhouses at the sides. For several years it had neither stoves nor chimneys two fireplaces were made on the floor, of stones and mortar, and the house was warmed by burning charcoal on these elevations. The society flourished until 1829, when the usual division occurred, resulting in the erection of a Methodist Protestant Church about a mile distant. In February-, 1874, it was determined to build a new edifice, which was begun the following June and completed in November. This was a plain, neat house, costing $3,200. Over seventy ministers have preached to this congregation, among them being James B. Finley, J. B. Brooks, William Dixon, Daniel Townsend West, William and John Meek, John Graham, Edward Taylor, David Merryman, Simon Louck, Walter Athey, William Tallman, Kent Hanks, Samuel Worthington, Robert Hopkins, Israel Dallas, William Knox, John Spencer, Joseph Montgomery, Pardon Cook, J. N. McAbee, Hiram Gilmore, J. R. Brockunier, Simon Elliott, William Summers, William Tipton, C. A. Holmes, James Merriman, J. W. Shriver, Robert Boyd, George Crook, W. Cox, William Devinney, S. W. Bailey, Isaac Atkins, C. H. Jackson, Ludwig Petty, George McKee, T. S. McClure, J. D. Vail, George W. Dennis, James H. Rodgers, Henry Neff, J. S. Heagle, Homer J. Clark, John Huston, James M. Bray, J. McK. Garrett. . D. L. Dempsey, Hosea McCall, George W. Baker, W. C. P. Hamilton, A. E. Hard, John Conner, John Williams, J. S. Bracken, T. Storer, Rev. Limerick, Archibald McElroy, Calvin Ruter, William Savage, S. Adams, A. L. Petty, T. Winstanley, Rev. Clegg, J. W. Miner. It was a part of Smithfield, circuit until 1901, when it was dropped and is now without regular service. Rev. J. B. Finley formed a class in Smithfield village in 1814, that being then a part k! f Cross Creek circuit. Included in the class were Benjamin Roberts, John Stout, James Coleman, Pollard Hartgrove, David Long, Thomas Mansfield and John Dougherty. Meetings were held in private houses, with Joseph Powell as Mr. Finley's colleague, and soon after a lot was purchased on the west side of the village at the end of Green Street, of James Carr, for $40, on which a frame building was erected in 1816. It was 36x27 and was used until 1862, when it was sold to the A. M. E. congregation, and a new site purchased on the east side, near the end of High Street, on which was erected a frame house 38x48 feet, costing $1,800. It was dedicated on March 9, 1863, by Bishop James and Dr. S. B. Nesbitt. A Sunday school was or- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 511 ganized in 1836 and was carried on as a union school until 1853, when it was reorganized April 13 on an M. E. basis, with George Lee as superintendent and W. A. Judkins secretary. The later ministers since the organization of Smithfield circuit have been the following : I. K. Rader, 1886 1889; J. A. Wright, 1890-91 ; J. D. Kaho, 1892 ; T. W. Anderson, 1893-94 ; S. A. Pere-goy, 1895-97 ; S. B. Salmon, 1898-1900 ; J. V. Orin, 1901-2 ; M. F. Rainsberger, 1903 ; B. C. Peck, 1904 ; M. C. Grimes, 1905-7 ; J. F. Hoffman, 1908-9. The church was rebuilt a few years ago. In 1815 James Wheeler deeded a tract about three miles south of Smithfield village to himself, William Whitten, Jacob Cramblet, Thomas Kems and Dennis Lowry, trustees, for an M. E. Church and cemetery. A log house was built, known as Wheeler's Church, which was used until about 1849, when it was abandoned as a preaching place and afterwards removed, although the burying ground was retained. Mr. Wheeler came from Maryland about 1804 and was proverbial for his honesty. If he sold his produce for what he thought afterwards was too high a price, he would hunt up the purchaser and refund the excess, and if he thought he had bought anything too cheaply he would insist on making good the deficit. The first preaching at Piney Fork, resulting in what is now the United Presbyterian Church of that place, was by Rev. Alexander Calderhead, a Scotch minister of the Associate Reform Church, in 1800. It may be remarked here that at this period there were in existence two offshoots from the original Presbyterian body, the Associate Reform and Associate Presbyterian, the former being sometimes known under the title of Seceders. In 1858 these two bodies were reunited, under the name of the United Presbyterian Church, by which the body has since been known. This, of course, explains why the name United Presbyterian does not appear at an early date in local history. Mr. Calderhead preached here until his death in 1812, when he was succeeded by Rev. John Walker. In December, 1821, Rev. Thomas Hanna took charge in connection with Cadiz. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph Cloky in 1835, and in 1840 the charge was transferred to Steubenville Presbytery. Mr. Cloky resigning in 1842, there was no pas- tor until 1856, when Rev. William Lorimer took charge and remained until the spring of 1859. Rev. J. M. Jamison became pastor in 1860, May 20, and remained until September 11, 1888. Rev. K. McFarland served from Bloomfield in 1891-92 ; J. D. Oldham, 1894-96 ; D. J. White, 1899-1902, and G. E. Henderson, 1906-8, the charge at present being vacant. The first preaching was in the woods, and then they made a tent between two trees and covered it with clapboards, while the congregation sat on logs and poles arranged for seats. They afterwards built a cabin for winter use, and on October 29, 1819, the society was incorporated, the meeting being attended by William Hervey, Robert Milligan, James Carson, William Crawford, David Lindsey, Charles A. Lindsey, William Kyle, James Moore, James Leech, Joseph Boles, Robert Reed, David Hervey, James Hutcheson, Malcolm McNary, Robert McGaw, Charles Herrin, Samuel McNary, John Walker, Walter and George Crawford. Messrs. Kyle, Hutcheson and Malcolm McNary were elected trustees and Samuel Mc-Nary clerk. A hewn log house was built in 1824, 60x30, Thomas Hamilton being the contractor. It was replaced by a brick building the same size in 1838, erected by John Lacy. In 1889 it was decided to abandon the old church, and the following spring a neat frame structure was built on the Henderson, now Dorrance, farm, a mile and a half from the old church, which was torn down, but the graveyard retained. The charge is now separate from Bloomfield. A Disciple Church was started by Thomas Campbell in 1831, and in 1836 was removed to Smithfield village. William Scott, John Cramlet and Joshua Carle, David Carson being the first deacons. Alex- 512 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY ander Campbell, Elder Young of Willsburg, Jonas Hartzell, Dr. George Lucy and Harrison Jones were among the first preachers, and meetings were held in the schoolhouse, but in 1838 a brick building costing something over a thousand dollars was erected. McIntyre Creek, two miles distant, is used for immersions. A Sunday school was organized in 1867, with James P. Hopkins as superintendent. The first Presbyterian Church in the township was organized at Adena on June 1, 1848, and a house was built the same year at a cost of $825. Samuel Kerr, Sr., was the founder and he, Robert Brown and William Stringer were the original elders. The other charter members were Agnes, James, Julia and Joseph Kerr, Isabel Stringer, James W., Sarah and Eleanor Carrick, Isabel Brown, James and Sarah Hamilton, Sarah Stringer, John and Jane Hagan, Elizabeth Hope, Mothers Stringer and Hamilton, William Hamilton, twenty-two in all. Rev. Samuel Boyd preached about three years and in 1856 Rev. Robert Armstrong was installed and served until the fall of 1870, and was succeeded by Rev. H. W. Parks. His successors were Rev. Mr. Gibson, L. Trinem and Mr. Rummage. The old church was torn down in 1878 and replaced by a neat frame building 50x36 feet, costing $2,400. Rev. Robert Alexander preached the dedication sermon on Thursday, October 31, 1878. The project of a Presbyterian organization in the village of Smithfield was agitated in the summer of 1866, and that fall Steubenville Presbytery appointed Rev. W. R. Kirkwood to preach there and discuss the matter with the people. A committee was appointed the following spring, consisting of Rev. A. Swaney, M. A. Parkinson and W. R. Kirkwood, which made a favorable report to the June meeting held at Beech Springs Church. After going through the usual routine an organization was effected at Smithfield on September 21, 1867, by the following: John Medill, elder; William Vermillion, deacon William Ekey, Margaret Ekey, Eleanor Peters, Mary E. McGhill, Elizabeth J. Newlin, Mary Matthews, Abigail J. Scott and Eliza O'Donnell. W. R. Kirkwood was pastor until December, 1871, Rev. T. A. Grove from 1872 to 1875, A. A. Hough from 1875; A. A. Giffin, 1897, and supplies since. The church was rebuilt about five years ago. A Sabbath school was started in 1870. Soon after the organization of the Methodist Protestant Church in 1829 a congregation was formed and house of worship built in Section 33, which took the name of Rehoboth Church. It was used until about 1880, when it was, abandoned, the congregation uniting with the Presbyterians at York in the building of a union chapel. This was destroyed by fire a few years later, and the Presbyterians declining to enter into an arrangement for rebuilding the M. P. people built a small house of their own, which is still used. The Presbyterians joined the Beech Spring congregation, in Harrison County. The church was lately remodeled. A union Sunday school was organized in Smithfield village in 1853, which had a flourishing existence for about thirty years. Joel H .Carr was the first superintendent. On January 28, 1863, the African M. E. Church, of Smithfield, which had been in existence for some time, purchased from the M. E. Church the latter 's lot, with the building thereon, for $150. This building was replaced by a new frame building 36x26, at a cost of $1,500. It was dedicated November 10, 1878, Rev. Johnson Underwood preaching the sermon, and Rev. D. N. Mason assisting in the exercises. There were ten members in the original organization. A Sunday school was started in 1864. Samuel Conoway and Ezekiel Palmer kept up an organization of Bible Christians, or "New Lights," for about ten years, beginning with 1821. They were an offshoot from the M. E. Church, but opposed to bishops, and the remnant found a home, probably in the M. P. organization. Howells gives an account of their doings in Steubenville. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 513 WAYNE TOWNSHIP. Wayne Township. lying to the north of Smithfield, partakes of the same general character, both as to surface and minerals, leading in grain and sheep in former days and later a field for coal mining development. It contains thirty-six full sections and was first set apart from Archer on June 12, 1805, it then including part of what are now Green and German Townships, in Harrison County, and Salem in this county. The first election was held at the house of Joseph Day. Settlers appear to have come here as early as 1796, and the first birth was that of John Mansfield, grandfather of Hon. John A. Mansfield, of Steubenville, on Section 10, in December, 1797. Joseph Copeland, the second white child, was born in 1800. The Mansfield family first settled on Section 4 on what has since been known as Dorsey Flats, but failing to obtain a title from Joseph Dorsey, who was a land speculator, they vacated and settled in Section 3. James Blackburn came from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1798, and settled two and one-half miles southeast of the present Bloomfield village, on what was afterward the Washington Stringer property. His brother Anthony came at the same time and settled near him. John Maxwell also settled near the Blackburns at that time, and Jacob Ong on Short Creek. Others down to 1814 included Michael Slonecker, William Wright, John Lyon, Lewis Throckmorton, John Dickey, Richard Coleman, John Barrett, Jacob Shaw, James Tipton, John Tipton, Robert Christy, William Sprague, Hugh Trimble, Joseph McGrail, Thomas Carr, John Thorn, William Elliott, Samuel McNary, Jacob William, Zebedee and Christopher Cox, Thomas Bell, John Edgington, John McClay, Sylvester Tipton, Henry Ferguson, John Matthews, John Kinney, Richard Ross, John Johnson, Jacob Vorhes, Morris Dunlevy, David Milligan, John Scott, Archer Duncan, Nicholas Merryman, James McFerren, William Ferguson, Thomas Rowland, William Hervey, Joshua Cole, Henry Beamer, Leonard Ruby, Manuel Manly, Tobias Shanks, Nicholas Wheeler, John Dayton, John Welch, John Vanhorn, Charles Stewart, Abel Sweezy, William Elliott, Elijah Cox, Thomas Arnold, George Hazelmaker, John Matthews, Richard Boren, Methiah Scammehorn, James Barber, James Sinkey, Amos Scott, Benjamin Bond, John Jones, Thomas Lindsey, Gabriel Holland, Patrick Moore, Robert McNary, John Hedge, Andrew Duncan, Peter Beebout, Thomas Moore, Andrew Johnson, Thomas Riley, Finley Blackburn. BLOOMFIELD AND UNIONPORT. Bloomfield village was laid out by David Craig on March 20, 1816. It was made up of sixty-nine lots 60x80 feet each, to which there have been no additions. John Morrison was the first blacksmith in 1823, John Crow the first wagonmaker, about the same time, Thomas Latta, the first tanner in 1826, and Henry Beckett the second in 1827. The town being about midway between Steubenville and Cadiz furnished a good business for taverns. Richard Price had the first in 1822 and Marion Duvall the second. The first doctors were Harrison, Riddle, Vorhes and Johnson. The township hall, a substantial frame structure, built about 1900, is located here, and there are good church and school buildings. At one time in 1897 it had a lodge of American Mechanics. The town was incorporated in 1848, but its growth has not been marked. It had 184 inhabitants in 1850, 146 in 1870, and 175 in 1880, since which time it does not appear in the census reports. The postoffice has been named Bloomingdale and was established in 1823, with postmasters as follows : Henry Rickey, 1823 ; Edward Hand, 1825 ; Washington Murray, 1827 ; Marion Duvall, 1828 ; Samuel McGrew, 1829 ; Basil Carter, 1836 ; John W. Carter, 1846 ; J. B. Simeral, 1849 ; Haran Maxwell, 1857 ; M. L. Blackburn, 1869 ; John B. Simeral until his death, sue- 514 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY ceeded by his daughter, Ada Simeral, and R. A. Blackburn in Cleveland's second administration, then Ada Simeral again to the present. Unionport, twenty-five miles west of Steubenville, was laid out by William and John Hervey on October 24, 1852, the plat containing fifty-two lots, with Front, Market and South Streets running parallel with Cross Creek, intersected by West, Second, Third and Fourth. It soon became quite an industrial center, and on the opening of the S. & I. Railroad, a year later, was a leading shipping point for that section, and was for a while the western terminus of the road. The town was originally laid out on the south side of the creek, but it soon spread to the other side and in June, 1879, this section was made a part of the town. Although not incorporated, it became the busiest village in the township, with a population of about 250. The first store started here was by Coleman & Hervey in 1854, and the first hotel by William Hervey and the second by Samuel Sproat. Thomas Potts started a wagon shop in 1847, which under his sons grew to quite an extensive carriage factory, followed by marble works of J. J. Gruber in 1874. An account of the Exchange mills, the chief industry, is given elsewhere. Unionport Lodge, No. 333, F. & A. M., was chartered October 16, 1861, with the following charter members from Smithfield Lodge : Eli Wolf, F. M. ; George Pott, F. S. W. ; William Herron, F. J. W. ; Charles Mather, Warner Grimes, William Miser, Edward Hall, Samuel Sproat and Joseph Adrian. Later K. of P. Lodge, No. 369, was instituted, and subsequently D. F. Mizer Post, No. 677, G. A. R. The Unionport band has been a feature at different gatherings throughout the county. The postoffice was established in 1854, with James Waggoner postmaster, followed by William Herron in 1857, Samuel Vorhes, 1865 ; David Matlack, 1871, Harvey Poland and S. Crider later. Fairplay, the third office in the township, was established at Bloomfield station in 1858. There was some feeling on the part of the railroad authorities against the township because it had refused to follow the example of Steubenville and Cross Creek and vote $30,000 towards the building of the road which was to intersect it, and William Blackburn, the first postmaster, having this in mind, suggested Fair-play as the title of the office, which was adopted by the department, and a few years ago the company changed the name of the station to correspond to the post-office. Mr. Blackburn was succeeded by C. B. Templeton on May 1, 1865, and Jacob Adrian, S. Crider and John Jarvis later. Cresswell postoffice was established at Skelly's station on the S. & I Railroad in 1869, with James Keyes as postmaster, succeeded by Robert Jollie, Amos Hammond, John Boop and John Montgomery. SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES. The first teachers in Bloomfield were Isaac Holmes, John Haughey and John Dunlap. There is now a good brick building in the village, containing an elementary and high school. Other schoolhouses in the township are in Section 3, Moores ; 5, Possum Hollow ; 7, Woods ; 8, Stringer ; 12, Talbott ; 14, 15, Wiggins ; 18, Mansfield; 27, Henry; 29, Unionport; 31, Baker; 36, Grable. The religious history of Wayne Township begins with the organization of the First Baptist Church in Steubenville on May 17, 1812, whose early history and removal in March 1814 will be found related in the chapter on Steubenville. Its first meeting in its new location appears to have been on March 5, 1814, at the house of Mordecai Cole, near the present site of Union-port. Sessions were held at different private houses for over three years, some of the members traveling from three to sixteen miles, and on September 20, 1817, there is a minute of a meeting at the house of Peter Hesser, when, after preaching, Thomas White and Zachariah Prichard presented letters from Thumb Run Church, of Farquier County, Virginia, and were ad- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 515 mitted as members. Most of the members, however, seem to have attended the regular Baptist Church at Hopedale, Harrison County, during the next six years, but in 1823 they reorganized under the name of Pine Run Church, and a new hewn log building was erected adjoining the present Tipton place in Section 30, in the northwest corner of the township. It was dedicated the same year by Elijah Stone, the first pastor, followed by John Long, Thomas W. Greer, Solomon Sells, George Jones, George Wharton, George C. Sedgwick, Mr. Squibb and Washington Glass. There were eight charter members, James and Rebecca Shockney, Luke and Theresa Tipton, Thomas and Deborah Rowland, and Andrew and Hannah Roloson. A Sunday school was started and the congregation flourished for a number of years, when the center of population having apparently moved. in the direction of Section 14, a couple of miles southeast of Bloomfield and five from the old church, a movement was started to build a new church there under the name of Mount Moriah. An organization was effected on July 6, 1861, with a sermon by Rev. W. R. McGowan, J. Davis and G. C. Sedgwick assisting in the exercises, the latter becoming pastor, S. B. Thorp, clerk; Andrew Ralston, W. P. Saunders, W. Merriman and G. W. Ralston, deacons; John Cole, John L. Megrail and John Walden, trustees: The membership was thirty-five. Meetings were held in a barn until the summer of 1862 when John and Thomas Cole gave an acre of land on which the present house was built. Smithfield Chapter, R. A. M., gave $20 to purchase lamps, for which a vote of thanks was returned. A Sunday school was organized, but in the fall of 1864 Mr. Sedgwick, the pastor enlisted in the army, and in November of that year he was succeeded by S. D. Ross, who remained two years. His health failing, he was succeeded by Rev. W. J. Dunn on October 1, 1866, who remained five years. In 1873 Sedgwick was recalled. After the establishment of Mt. Moriah, Pine Run was unable to keep up its organization, and no meetings have been held there for many years, but the building is still standing. A colored Baptist Church was established at McIntyre in 1870. The M. E. Church at Bloomfield was organized about 1828, and the first building erected in 1842, which was a brick edifice 42x32, costing $1,200. The original number of members was forty, and a Sunday school was started in 1844 with forty scholars. The Bloomfield circuit now includes Hopedale, Long's and Unionport, the pastors for the last twenty-five years being : R. S. Strahl, 1886 ; James Walls, 1887-89 ; A. W. Gruber, 1890-92 ; D. W. Knight, 1893- 1895 ; E. T. Mohn, 1896-99 ; J. A. Rutledge, 1900-2 ; T. W. Anderson, 1903-4 ; L. O. Eldredge, 1905-8 ; H. W. Stewart, 1909-10. A new brick structure, seating about 350 was built in 1881. The Unionport M. E. Church was organized in 1863-64, the first meetings being held in the old brick schoolhouse, until it burned, and sessions were held in the new frame school building until the fall of 1874, when they built a new house. It was dedicated by Rev. I. C. Pershing, of Pittsburg, assisted by W. D. Starkey, the minister in charge. It started with fourteen members, since considerably enlarged, and a flourishing Sunday school added. Hays Chapel at Cresswell is an old organization attached to Wintersville circuit, with Centre Chapel and county infirmary. The colored settlement in McIntyre has an M. E. Church, established in 1845, with a Sunday school attached. The United Presbyterian Church of Bloomfield, was organized October 10, 1871, in the Presbyterian Church by Rev. J. A. Morrow, with thirty-five members. David and Joseph Hervey and Samuel McCoy were the first elders, and Ebenezer, J. B., and William H. Hervey, James Keyes and Samuel McCoy were appointed trustees. In 1872 they completed a brick church, costing $4,000, which was dedicated November 14 by Rev. Kennedy, of Steubenville. Their first pastor was Rev. Mr. Jamison, who served until April 10, 1876, and occasionally in connection with Piney Fork 516 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY until September 11, 1888. Rev. K. McFarland served in 1891-92, J. D. Oldham, 1894-96 ; D. J. White, 1899-1902 ; G. E. Henderson, 1906-8, since which time the charge has been vacant. There was formerly an M. P. organization in Bloomfield, and the building, used as a schoolhouse, is still standing, but there have been no services for over fifty years. A Disciple Church was organized many years ago in Section 36, just outside of Unionport, and a brick building was erected, which is still in use. Unionport Presbyterian Church was organized on June 14, 1874, by a committee from Steubenville Presbytery, consisting of Rev. Israel Price, Rev. T. V. Milligan and Henry Hammond. The original members, twenty-three in number, were : John and Elizabeth Welday, James and Mary Reed, Mrs. Mary Reed, Mrs. Sarah J. McNary, Alexander Porter, J. P. Lyle, C. M. Jones, Emma C. Jones, John and Sarah Moore, William and Esther Crenery, Jonas and Ella Amspoker, John J. and Mrs. Mary Gruber, John and Anna Cameron, George Polen, Mrs. Mary A. Whitmore and Miss Mary Crenery. Messrs. Porter, Reed, Welday and Moore were elected elders, and Cameron, Gruber and Jones installed as deacons. A house of worship was erected the same year and dedicated on February 4, 1875. Rev. Alexander Swaney was installed pastor, who served quite a number of years. Revs. McNary and J. G. Black have been subsequent pastors. A Presbyterian Church was organized at Bloomfield early in the century, and a frame building erected in 1827. It was replaced by a substantial brick structure in 1876. Among the early pastors were Rev. Messrs. Boyd and Parkinson, followed by Samuel Forbes for fifteen years, Rev. Minameyer, M. W. Simpson and D. W. Macleod. There is no regular pastor at present. SALEM TOWNSHIP. In the original five townships Salem was, part of Steubenville, but on Friday, June 12, 1807, the county commissioners, on application set off and incorporated the Tenth Township of the Third Range into a separate township and election district, to be distinguished and known by the name of Salem Township, and the first election to be held at the house of David Coe." As this description indicates, this civil township corresponds to the government surveys, having thirty-six sections, with Ross Township on he north, Island Creek on the east, Wayne on the south and Springfield and Harrison County on the west. It is rugged, being drained on the north by the Town Fork of Yellow Creek, and on the south by Cedar and Clay Lick, Burke's and Lease's Runs, tributary to Cross Creek. It is a good farming section, and has coal and oil, although the development of these minerals has not been so extensive as in the adjoining townships. It is scarcely necessary to say that settlers were here long before the organization of the township. They began coming in 1798-99, and when the above order was made among those already on the ground were Jacob Coe, James Moores, Henry Miser, Edward Devine, Joseph Talbott, Rev. Joseph Hall (one of the pioneer Methodist Episcopal ministers), Henry Hammond (brother of Charles Hammond, the able lawyer and most noted of the early Ohio editors, whose work received Jefferson's praise), Joseph Hobson, Stephen Ford, Baltzer Culp, William Farquhar, John Collins, Ezekiel Cole, John Walker, John Johnson, William Bailey, James Bailey, James McLain, Adam Miser, William Smith, John Andrew (a soldier of the Revolutionary War and a colonel in the War of 1812 ; his remains are buried in the graveyard on the hill at Salem Village) ; John Gillis, Sr., Francis Douglas, William Leslie, David Lyons, John Hogue, John McComb, Thomas and Patrick Hardenmadder, Daniel Markham, Benjamin Hartman, Isaac Helmick, John Sunderland, John Wilson, William Mugg, William Vantz, Henry Jackman, Jacob Vantz, Andrew Strayer, Benjamin Talbott, Jacob Ong, John Watson, Joseph Flenni- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 517 ken, Adley Calhoun, Jacob Leas, Christian Albaugh, James Rutledge (from Pennsylvania, and of the same family as the signer of the Declaration of Independence, the latter's people moving to South Carolina, and his remains lie at Charleston), Isaac Shane, Aaron Allen, Robert Douglas (potter), Thompson Douglas (gunsmith), Thomas Calhoun, John McCullough, David Watt, David Rogers, George flout, Henry Morrison (first settler on Mingo Bottom in 1793, and was in the War of 1812 with Colonel Duvall), William McCarel, Dr. Anderson Judkins, William Bahan, Charles Leslie, Thomas George, Thomas Orr, William Blackiston, Samuel Bell, David Sloane, Richard Jackson (the grandfather of Baron R. Mason Jackson), Levi Miller Stewart McClave, Richard McCullough, John Collins, John Stutz, John Wolf, William Dunlap, William Davidson, William Alexander, John Markle (an early school teacher), Adam Winklesplech, _____ Stout (storekeeper), William Leas. Henry Hammond settled near East Springfield before 1804 and caught a land turtle and cut his initials on its shell ; in 1850 he found the same turtle with 1804 and the initials distinctly visible.   RICHMOND VILLAGE.   Joseph Talbott in the year 1799 bought of Bezaleel Wells the northeast quarter of Section 10, for which he paid $2.50 an acre, on $400 for the tract. He settled there the next year, and in 1815 employed Isaac Jenkinson to lay out a town, with streets sixty feet wide and lots 60x160 feet. The work was completed on September 20 and the new town named Richmond. B. Hartman built the first dwelling, a log house 18x28 feet, who also kept a hotel and followed blacksmithing. His house was located on the corner of Sugar and Main Streets, diagonally opposite the old Freeman Torrance place. Allen Farquhar was the first storekeeper, and by 1817 there were five families in the town, those of William Talbot, Benjamin Hartman, William McCarrell, William Bahan and Anderson Judkins, the latter being the first physician. Richmond was incorporated January 27, 1835, and the first election held on April 25. The judges were John C. Tidball and Samuel Hanson; James W. Ball, clerk. At this time there were forty-seven voters in the place, indicating a population of about 200. The officers elected were : Mayor, Adam Stewart; recorder, James Riley ; trustees, William Farmer, Thomas Burns, Henry Crew, John McGregor, E. M. Pyle. On May 23 an election was held, at which Samuel Hanson was chosen marshal, William Frazier treasurer, Robert Gray and Joseph McCarel, street commissioners. Local industries were lively towards the middle of the century, plain pottery, milling, pork packing and wool dealing, with an established college, together with its location on the state road from Steubenville westward, made Richmond a local center which contrasted decidedly with the quiet of later days. It had another little spurt when the construction of a railroad down Island Creek was begun, and later, when there was a mild oil excitement, but both died out without any marked results. The census of 1850 showed a population of 514 ; that of 1860 gave 692, which in 1870 had dropped to 405, in 1880 increased to 491, in 1890 dropped to 444, and in 1900 to 393, the present population being about 400. The town has a commodious hall, suitable for public gatherings, and Harry Hale Post, No. 447, G. A. R., was organized a few years ago.   NEW SALEM OR ANNAPOLIS.   The second village to be settled in the township, in fact, the first to be laid out, was New Salem, platted by Isaac Helmick on November 9, 1802. It is directly on the Harrison County line, about one-fourth of the inhabitants living in that county. There were seventy-four inlots 60x132, and seventeen outlots. John Sunderland built the first house and John Wilson kept the first store. The first regular hotel was kept by William Mugg, and the first sermon in the village was preached by Rev. John Rhine-   518 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY   hart, a Lutheran. Jacob Vantz and William Smith, who came from Maryland, were the first hatters. William McGowan and son David, the latter afterwards establishing a grocery in Steubenville, located here in 1820, and manufactured woolen goods. Adam Winklesplech, grandfather of the late D. W. Matlack, of Steubenville, was an early merchant, coming here in Indian times. The land on which the village stands had been entered by Henry and Adam Miser, whose descendants still live in the neighborhood. Mr. Harrison was .a pioneer storekeeper, also a Mr. Hutchinson, and Mr. Simmons a tavern keeper. There was quite a settlement of Germans here, and the town flourished so that there was an effort to locate the county seat ,here. It must be remembered that parts of Columbiana and Tuscarawas and all of Harrison and Carroll Counties were still a part of Jefferson. Steubenville was an insignificant village, with a sparse population in the river and central townships, while west was a fine rolling country, suited to a large farm population, and New Salem being near the geographical center, the claim probably did not seem so preposterous as it would now appear. When the building of a new courthouse was projected in 1869, Richmond put in a similar claim, with far less foundation. Shortly after the town was laid out James Kelly built a large flour mill and laid out a new addition, and during the financial craze between 1815 and 1819 two banks were organized in what was now called Salem, the title "New". being dropped. Of one we have no record, and the other ended in a tragedy. Dr. G. W. Duffield was president of the Salem bank, and when it went down in 1818 suits were brought against him to recover on the circulating notes, which every bank issued in those days at its own sweet will, without government supervision or guaranty, a period which some agitators seem anxious to restore. During the hearing before Jacob Vantz, justice of the peace, on July 9, 1818, hot words passed between Duffield and David Redick, the attorney for the prosecution. The trial adjourned and Redick followed Duffield to the street, and, throwing his weight upon him, bore Duffield to the ground. Duffield, feeling his life in danger, stabbed his antagonist in the neck with a doctor's lance. Redick died as the result of the wound while being conveyed to Steubenville in a wagon. Duffield was indicted and tried during the August term and was acquitted. The form of indictment in 1818 was the same as that used in the territory in 1798, and related that the accused, "not having the fear of God before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by instigation of the devil," committed the crime. Like in most cases of the suspended "wild cat" banks the only ,asset remaining of the Salem bank was a table, which afterward became the property of John M. Goodenow. The only asset of one of the banks in the county was a keg filled with nails, having a mere covering of gold and silver coins !   John Andrew, whose grave in the Salem Cemetery is marked by a small sandstone, with the inscription, "John Andrew, a native of Marseilles, in the south of France; a soldier of the Revolutionary War and of the War of 1812," came to America with Lafayette, and was with Wayne in storming Stony Point, on the night of July 16, 1779, and was one of the eighty-three patriots wounded in the bold attack on the British stronghold, he receiving a bayonet thrust entirely through his abdomen, and, strange as it may seem, he lived, none of the intestines being seriously injured. In the same battle lre received a sabre stroke across the temple and cheek, leaving a scar which he carried to his grave. He came here about the beginning of the Nineteenth century and when the Jefferson County troops were called out to fight the British in the War of 1812 John Andrew was made first lieutenant (colonel) of the regiment, and he served with honor and distinction until peace was declared. The date of his death is supposed to be 1835. Gen. George A. Custer, who was killed with his entire command of 277 cavalrymen at Little Horn   AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 519   River, Montana, June 25, 1876, was born near New Salem and within the bounds of the original township, out of which Salem was constructed on December 5, 1839. His brothers, Thomas and Boston, and a brother-in-law met the same fate.   Salem was made a postoffice in 1815 under the name of Annapolis, with Robert Baird postmaster. He probably served until 1823, when President Monroe appointed William Vantz, then twenty-one years of age, who had emigrated with his father ten years before, to be postmaster. Being a bachelor, he located himself and his office at the east end of the village, where for some fifty-six years or more he handed out the mail. Fifteen administrations came and went, the country passed through two wars, children grew to youth and middle age, the young men of his time became parents and grandparents, and most of them passed to the great beyond, but he continued at his post away from the madding crowd and unaffected by steamboats, railroads or telegraphs, for none reached the little town. He was a Democrat in politics and a Lutheran in religion, but not obtruding his views on those differing from him. He was elected justice of the peace in 1836, and served twenty-four years, and although left handed kept books that were models of neatness. Finally, in 1880, on account of the increasing infirmities of age he laid down the cares of office, and before his death that same year he received from the Postoffice Department a commendatory letter in recognition of his long and faithful service. He was spoken of as the oldest postmaster in the United States, and so he was at the time of his death, and the honor can still be awarded to him if we have regard only to the fact that his term was consecutive without interruption in a single office. W. H. Wallace, who died at Hammondsville in 1897, could claim more years of service, but they were given at three different places, with intervals of time between. However, we regard it, Jefferson County is entitled to the honor of having the old- est postmaster in the United States in fact, two of them. Robert Baird, Flora Grimes, Ada Swan and Amos L. Myers were his successors. Salem's location off the main thoroughfares of travel prevented a realization of early hopes. The population was 158 in 1850, dropping to 155 in 1860, to 139 in 1870, after which it disappears from the census, but the quiet little town is still there.   EAST SPRINGFIELD.   East Springfield, in the northeast quarter of Section 35, about five miles west of Richmond, was laid out by John Gillis, Jr., in February, 1803. The lots were 60x132 feet and the streets fifty-five feet wide. It is directly on the edge of the township, the Springfield Township line being at the west end of the village. It grew slowly, and in 1809 had but three houses. Among the first residents were Francis Douglas (sheriff from 1797 to 1804), William Leslie, David Lyons, John McComb, Thomas and Patrick Hardenmadder (the two latter in the War of 1812), Richard Jackson (clock and silversmith). The first tavern was kept by John Hogue Charles Leslie kept the first store in 1813, opposite Shane's Hotel. William Dunlap, for many years a merchant of Steubenville, was also an early merchant of East Springfield. Rev. Dr. William Davidson's father was an early resident. David Lyons and Daniel Markham were the blacksmiths who manufactured all the axes, chains and nails needed in the neighborhood, the former making nails and the latter saddle tacks. John Wolf was one of the first justices. John Hague kept the first hotel, near where the Porter residence afterwards stood, and afterwards built, in 1810, the brick structure long known as the Edgington-McCullough House and subsequently kept by A. Calhoun, Isaac Shane and his widow. The town being on the mail route between Steubenville and Canton, after roads were opened it became of considerable importance and much business was transacted. Here the stage horses were changed and hotels flourished, and' these   520 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY   were prosperous days for the village. General musters of the militia of all this region under command of Gen. Samuel Stokely, were held here with all the pomp and circumstance, excitement and turmoil usually attendant on such occasions, and attracted crowds from miles around. Isaac Shane, writing of these occasions, says : "We boys had fine times during the general musters. Here alone we got gingerbread, which, to our taste, was next to ambrosia, the food of gods. Whisky, too, was plentiful—a good kind, that Tom Corwin called the great leveler of modern society, not that indescribable compound of our times, that violates law and fills jails." Are we much happier than our forefathers with all our modern improvements, which, whatever else they have done, have intensified the struggle for existence ? The question is at least an open one. The town had 216 inhabitants in 1850, and 170 in 1870. Neighboring developments have since caused a considerable increase.   The geographical center of the township is about a mile south of the little hamlet of Fairfield, which is also about equidistant from Richmond, Salem and East Springfield. Consequently, for many years, it was the voting place for the entire township, and in February, 1816, Thomas Potts concluded it would be a good place to lay out a town, which was done, the plat containing seventy-six lots. A postoffice was afterwards established under the name of Roberts, there being another Fairfield in the state. There was the usual store, blacksmith shop, etc., and on election day there was some activity. But there was no expansion. On September 5, 1873, the township was divided into two precincts, the eastern one at Richmond, and subsequently Annapolis, East Springfield and Shelley precincts were set off, leaving only about sixty voters in Salem precinct proper, and the establishment of rural free delivery took all the business away from the post-office and it was discontinued. Barely half a dozen houses now mark the site of the little town, which has reverted to a strictly rural community.   John Hammond, on November 29, 1815, laid out a suburb about a mile west of Richmond, under the title of Ausburn, but it seems to have gotten no farther than the plat, and the lots were soon after vacated.   SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES.   Probably the first school in the township was at New Salem, Nicholas Wheeler and Mrs. Leslie being the first teachers. East Springfield built a schoolhouse soon after the village was laid out, and the teachers were supported by subscription. The names of the teachers are lost, but John Gillis taught there at least as early as 1814, followed by Dr. Markle, Mr. Byers from New England, Isaac N. Shane, Charles McGonnigal, Benjamin F. Gass, Daniel Langton (storekeeper), John Bell and James Foster. The last named wore an old red cap, something like a Turkish fez, and when a pupil was recalcitrant he was compelled to don this head covering, a punishment which caused disgust to the offender and amusement to his associates in the school.   The township, however, was destined soon to have a higher institution of learning. About the year 1830 Rev. John C. Tidball had a small academy on the Steubenville and Knoxville road, about three miles from the latter place. Deeming Richmond a more available location, he decided to remove there. It is stated that he also had a select school in Richmond as early as 1832-33, but if so, it was operated in connection with this academy, which appears to have been removed to Richmond about 1835, just when the founding of a larger institution 'was agitated. On January 22 of that year an act was passed by the legislature by which Thomas George, Isaac Shane, William Blackiston, Henry Crew, Stephen Ford, Thomas Orr, David Sloane, Nathaniel Myers, John Cook, William Farmer, Samuel Bell, A. T. Markle and James H. Moore were created a body corporate   AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 521   styled the "Board of Directors of the Richmond Classical Institute," the object being to "afford instruction in the liberal arts and sciences." Nothing very definite was done until July 31, 1843, when a committee was appointed to secure quarters and a competent teacher. The basement of the old M. E. Church was leased for two years, and on October 1, Rev. John Dundass was chosen president of the institution and D. D. McBryer professor of languages and natural science, who began their duties the first Monday of November following, and remained until June, 1845, when Mr. McBryer resigned. At a board meeting on January 6, of that year, committees were appointed to collect subscriptions and procure a building site. Two lots were purchased from Joseph Talbott and a half acre adjoining was given by Thomas Hammond. They were numbered 91 and 92 on the east side of Sugar Street, and cost $60. The building committee, consisting of Thomas Burns, E. M. Pyle and Henry Crew, erected a brick structure 32x45 feet, two stories house. It was completed that year and in June, 1845, John Comin was elected professor of languages and moral science, and William Sarver was chosen professor of mathematics and natural science. In March, 1846, D. D. McBryer was chosen president and on January 15, 1847, several chairs were added and filled, as follows: Hebrew and evidences of Christianity, Rev. William Lorimer ; ancient and Modern history, Rev. B. F. Sawhill ; chemistry, geology and belle lettres, Dr. John Cook.   On November 15, 1847, the board re-quested the legislature to change the name of the institution to Richmond College, which was done the next year. In September, 1848, J. R. W. Sloane, father of. Prof. Sloane, of Columbia College, whose "Napoleon" and other works have made him famous as a historian, was elected president. In March, 1849, Prof. Sarver resigned the chair of mathematics and natural science and Alexander G. Farquhar was chosen to succeed him. In July, 1849 Rev. John C. Spencer superseded Rev. Prof. Sawhill, and in August, Prof. Far-quhar was succeeded by James Orr. In 1850 the Steubenville Presbytery-, desirous of having an academy, took the college un-der its control, and Rev. Cyrus C. Riggs was appointed president, with Rev. Wil-liam Eaton and Prof. Sloane in the fac-ulty. The graduating class that year was composed of William H. Pyle, A. F. Tor-rance, Lewis Weaver, Thomas McFarran and Josiah Wagner. Profs. Sloane and Eaton resigned in February, 1851, and Rev. Joseph White was appointed on the faculty. The Presbytery gave up the college the latter part of 1851, and the old board again took charge. Rev. Riggs resigned and S. L. Coulter was elected his successor, and he in turn was succeeded in January, 1853, by Joseph Lindley. Rev. Archbald was chosen professor of languages, and J. W. Lindley mathematics and natural science. In 1854 the Pittsburgh M. E. Conference assumed control, with M. S. Bonnafield and C. R. Slutz the faculty, who began. their work November 5, 1855, and resigned in June, 1856, when Rev. S. B. Nesbit was chosen president and Rev. S. M. Hickman professor of languages. The latter was succeeded in May, 1857, by John Z. Moore. A movement was then started to endow the institution, but failed. J. T. Holmes was elected president in the beginning, remaining until the spring of 1862, when he raised a company of volunteers and entered the Union army. Later in the year Revs. Peacock and Marquis took charge, but were succeeded by Lewis Rabe in the latter part of 1863. Rev. G. W. Baker became presi-dent in the spring of 1864, but was shortly succeeded by Mr. Peacock, who, in turn, was succeeded by L. W. Ong in the latter part of 1866, with M. B. Riley, assistant. Mr. Riley resigned in 1869, and in 1871 A. R. Ong and S. S. Simpson were placed on the faculty.   In 1872 the property was conveyed to L. W. ng, with the proviso that it should be used for educational purposes only. A new departure was made at this time in the   522 - HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY   way of securing new buildings and a new site. Subscriptions were secured and a site was secured a short distance east of the village by the donation of one acre from Lewis Ong and the purchase of eleven acres adjoining. Here, on a beautiful knoll, which makes the institution a conspicuous object in approaching Richmond from the east, were erected a two-story brick college building and three-story frame boarding hall, capable of accommodating fifty students. The cornerstone of the new college building was laid on August 8, 1872, with addresses by J. R. W. Sloane, J. B. Dickey, James Marvin and W. B. Watkins. On August 28 next year the building was dedi-cated and occupied. Prof. Ong remained president until his death on June 5, 1877. A monument has since been erected to his memory near the college by alumni of the institution. Rev. W. J. Brugh was the next president, who resigned in 1878 and was succeeded by S. S. Simpson and A. C. Ong. On September 6 the property was purchased by a number of individuals, includ-ing B. L. Crew, Rev. I. Price, Thompson Douglass, S. H. Ford, Joshua Moores, Benjamin Shelly, William Waggoner, F. J. Frederick, Rev. J. B. Borland, Robert Martin, George McCausland, A. J. Crawford and William Ford. Mr. Simpson gave up the college about 1880, and the buildings were closed until August 23, 1886, when Rev. S. C. Faris, having become pastor of the Presbyterian Church, was chosen presi-dent and reopened the school. He retained it for two years, when Rev. George W. MacMillan came from the East and took charge on July 1, 1888. He purchased the property and infused new life into the institution, the attendance reaching over 100. He still has charge, although the attend-ance has been small of late years, and gives thorough instruction in the different branches. The old college property on Sugar Street was sold to the district for public school purposes and was occupied for about ten years, when it was torn down to make room for a substantial two-room building, which is still in use.   There are also good school buildings in Salem and East Springfield. The country schoolhouses are located in Sections 7, Ford farm ; 16, Union ; 18, Frazier ; 20, Kirkpatrick ; 28, Copeland ; 30, Johnston ; 35, Ellis.   Rev. Joseph Hall, a young Methodist Episcopal preacher, came to Ohio in 1800, and married Miss Delila, daughter of James Moores, of Salem Township, and settled on the northwest quarter of Section 2, on what was afterwards the Burchfield property, about a mile and a half south of the site of Richmond. He preached sometimes at the house of Mr. Moores and later at Stephen Ford's and Henry Jackman's, until a small log church was built on the land of the latter. A class was formed about 1808, which included James Moores, leader, and wife Elizabeth, Jack-man and wife, Christina, Hall and wife Delilah, Ford and wife Ruth, George Hout and and wife Christina. A brick church 40x44 was built at Richmond in 1832, which stood with some alterations until 1861, when it was replaced by a new brick structure 45x66, costing $5,000. It is on the east side of South Sugar Street. The charge was formerly a part of Cross Creek circuit, but it is now Richmond circuit, including Mt. Hope, Mt. Tabor and Mt. Zion. The pastors have included John Graham, 1828 ; Edward Taylor, 1828-30, William Knox, 1830-31 ; David Merriman, 1831-32; S. R. Brcckunier, 1832 ; Walter Athey, 1833 ; Simon Lauk, 1833-34 Athey and Taylor, 1835 ; John P. Kent, Henry Whar-ton, 1836 ; Thomas Thompson, 1837 ; John W. Miner, 1837-38 ; P. K. McCue, 1838 ; J. M. Bray, Harvey Bradshaw, 1839-40 ; J. M. Bray, 1840 ; George McCaskey, John Murray, 1841-42 ; John Moffit, Isaac McClaskey, 1843 ; J. C. Taylor, C. E. Weirich, 1845 ; W: C. Henderson, 13. F. Sawhill, 1847 J. L. Williams, John Hare, A. J. Blake, 1849 J. Spencer, George Crook, 1850 ; Thomas Winstanley, 1850-51 ; S. F. Miner, 1851 ; M. W. Dallas, 1852 ; J. H. White, 1852-53 ; S. F. Miner, 1853 ; T. C McClure, 1854 ; Alexander Scott, 1854-55 ;