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PREFACE All life and achievement is evolution; present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exertion and suffering. The deeds and motives of the men that have gone before have been instrumental in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privilege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the present conditions of the people of Knox County, Ohio, with what they were one hundred years ago. From a trackless wilderness and virgin land, it has come to be a center of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth, systems of railways, grand educational institutions, splendid industries and immense agricultural and mineral productions. Can any thinking person be insensible to the fascination of the study which discloses the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the foundation upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, political and industrial progress of the community from its first inception is the function of the local 'historian. A sincere purpose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetuation, and which unite the present to the past, is the motive for the present publication. The work has been in the hands of able writers, who have, after much patient study and research. produced here the most complete biographical memoirs of Knox county, Ohio, ever offered to the public. A specially valuable and interesting department is that one devoted to the sketches of representative citizens of this county whose records deserve preservation because of their worth, effort and accomplishment. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to the gentlemen who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of Knox county for the uniform kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking and for their many services rendered in the gaining of necessary information. In placing the "Past and Present of Knox County. Ohio," before the citizens, the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and therefore any error of fact, if there he any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was prepared. Confident that our effort to please will fully meet the approbation of the public, we are, Respectfully, THE PUBLISHERS. CONTENTS CHAPTER I—ORGANIZATION OF OHIO TERRITORY AND STATE - 25 Early Surveys—Virginia Military Reservation—Western Reserve—United States Military Lands—Refugee Lands—Acts of Congress—Ohio Made a State—Boundary Survey of 1812. CHAPTER II—INDIAN OCCUPANCY, TREATIES, ETC. - 29 After the Mound Builders, the Indians—Tribes of Ohio—Treaty of 1785—Origin of the Delawares—Indians Trading at Mt. Vernon—Killing of an Indian Squaw—Indian Treaties. CHAPTER III—NATURAL FEATURES - 34 Boundary of Knox County—Glacial Channels—Geology—Timber—Prospecting —Neff Petroleum Company—Mound Builders—Mysterious Wells—Streams Area. CHAPTER IV—ORGANIZATION OF KNOX COUNTY - 44 The Organizing Act—First Election—First County Officers—Original Knox County Territory—Townships Detached—Organization of Morrow County—Bloomfield Township—Franklin Township—The County Seat Contest—Some Funny Incidents. CHAPTER V—EARLY SETTLEMENT - 52 First Settlers in the Various Townships—Advent of the Whites—James Smith —Method of Indian Adoption—Indian Captives—Andrew Craig, the First White Settler—Historian Norton's Account—Quakers Come In. CHAPTER VI—PIONEER MANNERS AND CUSTOMS - 59 Origin of the Pioneers—Early Methods of Cooking—Pioneers and Rye Whisky —Early Superstitions—What Men and Women Wore—How the Pioneer Women Dressed—Pioneer Houses—Household Furniture—Hunting in Knox County—Wolf Traps—Great Occasions. CHAPTER VII—THE COUNTY GOVERNMENT - 70 Meetings of County Commissioners—Another County Government—Commissioners' Records--Public Buildings—Court Houses—County Jails—County Infirmary—Finances of Knox County—Financial Statement in 1911. CHAPTER VIII—COUNTY, STATE AND NATIONAL REPRESENTATION - 83 Governors—Congressmen—State Senators—State Representatives—Presidential Electors—County Recorders—Clerks of the Court—County Auditors—County Treasurers—Sheriffs—Prosecuting Attorneys—Knox County Commissioners—County Infirmary Directors—County Surveyors—District Judges—Probate Judges—Associate Judges. CHAPTER IX—AGRICULTURE, HORTICULTURE AND COUNTY FAIRS - 93 Importance of Agriculture—Pioneer Farming Methods—Horticulture—Farm Products in 1910—Fair of 1878—Agricultural Societies—Morris Agricultural Club—Knox County Agricultural Society—Teaching Agriculture. CHAPTER X—RAILROADS, TRANSPORTATION AND TELEGRAPHS - 103 Early Day Principal Towns—Early Railroad Systems—A Wooden Railroad— Present Railroads in the County—Telegraph Companies—Express Companies. CHAPTER XI—EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF THE COUNTY - 109 Early Schools Inferior—Spelling Schools - First School Houses in the County—First Teachers—Establishment of Graded Schools—Westminster Academy—Mt. Vernon College—Public Schools of Mt. Vernon—Schools in General—High Schools of the County—Books in Libraries—Colleges and Parochial Schools. CHAPTER XII—HISTORY OF KEN YON COLLEGE - 122 Incorporation—Philander Chase, the Founder of the College—The Founding—Bishop Chase's Trip to England—English Donors—Erection of the College, a Gigantic Task—The 'College History from 1831 to 1912—Literary Societies—Property, 1911--Distinctive Features—Harcourt Place School. CHAPTER XIII—NEWSPAPERS OF THE COUNTY - 140 Knox County Journalism—Ohio Register—Knox County Gazette—Western Watchman--Family Cabinet—Democrat and Knox Advertiser—Looking Glass and Whig Reflector—Knox County Republican—Daily Republican-News— Democratic Banner—Western Home Visitor—Knox County Express—Knox County Advocate—Knox County National—Centerburg Gazette— Knox County Herald —Tri-County Leader—Universalist Advocate—Centerburg Mirror—Fredericktown Independent—The Free Press—Literary Work. CHAPTER XIV—CHURCHES OF KNOX COUNTY - 147 Presbyterian Church—United Presbyterian Church—Free Presbyterian Church —Methodist Episcopal Church—Methodist Protestant Churches—Wesleyan Methodists—Free Methodists—African Methodists—Baptist Churches—Colored Baptist Church—Free-Will Baptist Church—United Brethren Church—German Evangelical Churches—Lutheran Churches—Universalist Churches—Seventh-day Adventists—Society of Friends—Union Churches—Congregational Churches —Roman Catholic Churches—St. Vincent de Paul School—Catholic Cemeteries —Church of Christ (Disciples)—Brethren Churches—Protestant Episcopal Church. CHAPTER XV—CIVIC SOCIETIES - 198 Free and Accepted Masons—Mt. Zion Lodge No. 9—Thrall Lodge No. 170—Antioch Lodge No. 286--Danville Lodge No. 456—Bloomfield Lodge No. 422—Clinton Chapter No. 26, R. A. M.—Kinsman Council No. 76, R. & S. M.—Clinton Commandery No. 5, K. T.—Masonic Club—Independent Order of Odd Fellows —Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 20—Quindaro Lodge No. 316—Kokosing Encampment No. 38—Centerburg Lodge No. 666—Sycamore Valley Lodge No. 553—Ellicott Lodge No. 267—Knox Encampment No. 211—Bartholo Lodge No. 692—Brinkhaven Lodge No. 905—Owl Creek Lodge No. 686—Kokosing Lodge No. 807—Knights of Pythias—Timon Lodge No. 45—Wayne Lodge No. 303—Colfax Lodge No. 688—Hawthorne Lodge No. 228—Kokosing Canton No. 71, U. R.—Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks—Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 140. CHAPTER XVI—MILITARY HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 208 War of 1812—Soldiers Rendezvous at Mt. Vernon—Erection of Block Houses—General Harrison's Famous Speech—The Texas and Mexican Wars—War Meetings at Mt. Vernon—The "Young Guards"—Wartime Incidents—Reunion of Mexican-War Veterans—The Muster Rolls—Knox County in the Civil War- Mass Meetings—Resolutions Passed and Committees Appointed—Soldiers' Bounties—Ladies' Aid and Sanitary Commission Societies—Early Civil War Incidents—Regiments in Which Knox County Men Served—A Touching Letter —The "Squirrel Hunters"—In Memoriam—Soldiers' Monument—Grand Army of the Republic—The Spanish-American War. CHAPTER XVII—THE BENCH AND BAR OF KNOX COUNTY - 236 Dignity and Usefulness of the Legal Profession—Notable Men Contributed by the Bar of Knox County—The First Court in Knox County—First Grand Jury —First Petit Jury—First Jury Trial—First and Last Public Whipping—Early Judges—First Resident Lawyers—Columbus Delano—Lawyers of 1880—Active Members of the Bar in 1911. CHAPTER XVIII-PHYSICIANS OF KNOX COUNTY - 250 Doctors Early in the Field—Wonderful Advance in the Science of Medicine—Doctor Hilliar, the First Practicing Physician in Knox County—Other Early Doctors—Those of a Later Period—Present Physicians of the County—Knox County Medical Society—Hospitals of Mt. Vernon—Mt. Vernon Hospital-Sanitarium—Mt. Vernon Medical and Surgical Sanitarium. CHAPTER XIX—BANKS AND BANKING - 260 Early Scarcity of Money—Owl Creek Bank—A Bank Without a Charter—Resulting Failure—Knox County National Bank—First National Bank of Mt. Vernon--Knox County Savings Bank—Commercial and Savings Bank Company, Buckeye City—Danville Bank—First National Bank, Centerburg—Howard. Savings Bank—Centerburg Savings Bank—First National Bank of Fredericktown—Building and Loan Associations—Centerburg Building and Loan Association—Knox Building and Loan Company—Home Building and Loan Company—Citizens Building, Loan and Savings Association. CHAPTER XX—CITY OF MOUNT VERNON - 268 Mt. Vernon as the County Seat—Early Surroundings—Early Improvements at Mt. Vernon— Chief Armstrong—Early Taverns—First Illuminating Gas—Postoffice—City Platted and Filed for Record—Comparative Statistics—Changes in Natural Features—Postoffice History— Municipal History—Mayors and Marshals of Mt. Vernon—Water Works—Paving—Population of the City—Street Railway—Electric Lighting Plant—Mound View Cemetery—Literary Societies —Thespian Society—Mt. Vernon Literary Society—Mt. Vernon Lyceum—Public Library—Home for the Aged—Young Men's Christian Association—Knox County Mutual Insurance Company—Eagle Mutual Fire Insurance Company—Ohio Mutual Aid Association— Business Men of Sixty Years Ago—Manufacturing Industries—C. & G. Cooper Company— Cooper Manufacturing Company —Mt. Vernon Bridge Company—Reeves Engine Company—Industries in 1911. XXI—TOWNSHIP HISTORIES - 292 Original Civil Subdivisions—Date of Organization and Area of Present Townships —Brown Township—Natural Features—First Settlement—Early Settlers- Jelloway— First Mills— Jelloway Mutual Life Insurance Company—Population. CHAPTER XXII—BUTLER TOWNSHIP - 296 The Soil—Former Timber Conditions—Minerals—Pioneer Settlements—Signs of Former Indian Occupancy—Pioneer Features Preserved—First Settlers—Early Distilleries—"Johnny Appleseed"—Griffin Mill—Owl Creek Postoffice - Population. CHAPTER XXIII—BERLIN TOWNSHIP - 301 Organization and First Election—Geographical Features—Early Forests—First Settlement by White Men—Shaler's Mills—Village of Palmyra—Village of Ankenytown--Population— Postoffice at Shaler's Mills. CHAPTER XXIV—CLAY TOWNSHIP - 305 Location and Name—Surface—First Settler—Other Pioneers—Population -Martinsburg Village—Postoffice History—Business Interests—Churches—Physicians. CHAPTER XXV—CLINTON TOWNSHIP - 309 One of the Original Townships—Boundary—First Settlement—Andrew Craig—Other Early Settlers—Population—Clinton Township Tragedies—An Incident of the Slavery Period— Religiously Insane—An Indian Murder. CHAPTER XXVI—COLLEGE TOWNSHIP - 313 A Peculiar Subdivision—Originally a Dense Forest—Fertile Valley Lands—Bishop Chase and Kenyon College—Organization of the Township—Village of Gambier—A College Town— Postoffice—Newspapers—Religious History—Population—Business Interests. CHAPTER XXVII—HARRISON TOWNSHIP - 316 Organization—Boundary—Population—Natural Features—Former Indian Occupancy—First Permanent White. Settlers—Burlington Wind Storm—First Events —Wolfe's Postoffice. CHAPTER XXVIII—HOWARD TOWNSHIP - 320 Formation of Township—Location—Natural Features—Streams—Indian Field —Tom Jelloway—Early Hunters—Early Settlers—Distilleries in the Township —Village of Howard—Postoffice—Present Business Interests—Mills—School. CHAPTER XXIX--HILLIAR TOWNSHIP - 326 Creation of the Township—Change of Boundary Lines—Surface of the Land -Streams— Timber—First Settlement—First Road—Early-day Incidents—Early Agricultural Implements— First Elections—Mills—Population—Dr, Richard Hilliar—Village of Centerburg—Laying Out of the Town—Postoffice History—Incorporation History—Business Interests in 1911 CHAPTER XXX—JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP - 331 Organization of the Township—Name—Interesting Geological Scenery and Formations— Mohican River—Ancient Mounds and Fortifications—First Settlement—Village of Greersville. CHAPTER XXXI—JACKSON TOWNSHIP - 334 Name—Organization—Minerals—Timber—Indian Relics—First Settlement—"Johnny Aprleseed"—Bladensburg—First Business Interests—Bladensburg in 1911. CHAPTER XXXII—LIBERTY TOWNSHIP - 340 Organization—Boundary—Surface—Soil—Streams—Mound Builders—First Pioneers—Early Hotels—Good Agricultural District—Village of Mt. Liberty—First Merchants—Business Interests in 1911—Village of Bangs. CHAPTER XXXIII—MILFORD TOWNSHIP - 343 Creation of the Township—Topography—Streams—Timber—Pioneer Settlers—Character of Early Settlers—Wolves—Railroads—Five Corners—Village of Lock—Population. CHAPTER XXXIV—MORGAN TOWNSHIP - 348 Location—Organization—Indian Mounds—An Agricultural District—Origin of Early Pioneers—First White Settler—Later Pioneers—Early Incidents—First Events. CHAPTER XXXV—MONROE TOWNSHIP - 351 Creation—Name—Streams—Timber—Earliest Settlers—Milling Interests—Other Industries—Population of Township. CHAPTER XXXVI—MIDDLEBUItY TOWNSHIP - 354 Creation and Location—Boundaries—Area—Settlement—The Friends, or Quakers—Early Mills—Waterford—Postoffice—Township's Men of Note—Hon. Columbus Delano—Hon. William Windom. CHAPTER XXXVII—MILLER TOWNSHIP - 360 Formerly a Part of Morgan Township—"Sychamore"—A Novel Election--Separation of the Township—The Settlement—John Vance—Population of the Township—Early Hardships— Village of Brandon—Civil-war Enlistment in Miller Township. CHAPTER XXXVIII—MORRIS TOWNSHIP - 363 Geographical Features—Ancient Mounds—The Township's Settlement—William Douglass— Other Early Settlers—Distilleries—Old Village of Clinton—Once a Contestant for the County Seat—Its Early Business Interests. CHAPTER XXXIX—PIKE TOWNSHIP - 368 Situation—Surface—Settlement of the Township—First Events—Village of Amity— Early Merchants—North Liberty—Postoffice—Democracy Postoffice. CHAPTER XL—PLEASANT TOWNSHIP - 371 Location and Name—Streams—Population—First Settlement—Distilleries -Mills—Nurseries. CHAPTER XLI—UNION TOWNSHIP - 374 Organization—Surface—Variety of Soil—Railroad—Settlement—First Things —Villages of the Township—Danville—Incorporation and Mayors—Present Officers—Churches—Schools— Present Business Interests—Millwood—Rossville —Buckeye City—Its Laying Out— Incorporation—Present Municipal OfficersPostoffice—Cavallo—Brinkhaven (Gann)— Incorporation—Present Officers—Mayors and Clerks—Business Directory. CHAPTER XLII—WAYNE TOWNSHIP - 381 Its Creation—Population—Name—Natural Features—Streams—Early Settlement—Green Valley—Jersey Settlement—Fredericktown—Population—Platting --First Stores—First Events in the Village—First Events—The Block-house -Incorporation—Mayors—Water Works—Business Directory of 1911—Postoffice History. CHAPTER XLIII—MISCELLANEOUS SUBJECTS - 391 Population of Ohio—Knox County's Population from 1800—Detailed U. S. Census Report of Knox County—Village Plats in Knox County—The Ohio Sanitorium—First Mill in Knox County—Postoffices of Knox County. 1911—Old Style Apprenticeship—Violent Storms—Judge William H. West, "Blind Man Eloquent"—John Chapman, "Johnny Appleseed"—Daniel Decatur Emmett, Author of "Dixie." HISTORICAL INDEX A Acts of Congress - 26, 27 Advent of Quakers - 58 Advent of the Whites - 53 African Methodists - 169 Agricultural Societies - 97 Agriculture - 94 A. Legal Whipping - 238 Amity - 369 Amity Baptist Church - 173 Aukenytown - 303 Another County Government - 71 Antioch Lodge No. 286, F. & A. M. - 200 Area of Knox County - 42 Associate Judges - 93 A Touching Letter - 227 Auditors - 86 B Banks - 342 Banks and Banking - 260 Baptist Churches - 170 Bar of Knox County - 236 Bartholo Lodge No. 692, I. O. O. F. - 204 Bench and Bar - 236 B. P. O. E. - 207 Berlin Township - 301 Beulah M. P. Church - 168 Bladensburg - 337 "Blind Man Eloquent" - 399 Bloomfield Lodge No. 422, F. & A. M. - 200 Bloomfield Township - 47 Boundaries of Knox County - 34 Boundary Survey of 1812 - 28 Bounties - 221 Brandon - 362 Brandon M. E. Church - 157 Brethren Churches - 188 Rrinkhaven - 379 Brinkhaven Lodge No. 905, I. O. O. F. - 205 Brinkhaven M. E. Church - 158 Brown Township - 903 Buckeye City - 378 Building and Loan Associations - 266 Buildings, Public - 74 Business Men of 1850 - 285 Butler Township - 296 C Captives, Indian - 53 Catholic Cemeteries - 183 Catholic Churches - 179 Census Report on Knox County - 391 Centerburg - 328 Centerburg Building and Loan Assn. - 266 Centerburg Gazette - 13 Centerburg Lodge No. 666, I. O. O. F. - 204 Centerburg M. E. Church - 156 Centerburg Presbyterian Church - 151 Centerburg Savings Bank - 265 Chapman, John - 400 Chase, Philander - 123 Chief Killbuck - 31 Church of Christ - 184 Churches of Knox County - 147 Citizens Bldg., Ln. and Say. Assn. - 267 City of Mt. Vernon - 268 Civic Societies - 198 Civil War - 218 Civil War Incidents - 993 Clay Township - 305 Clerks of the Court - 86 Clinton - 365 Clinton Chapter No. 26. R. A. M. - 201 Clinton Commandery No. 5, K. T. - 202 Clinton-Mt. Vernon Contest - 40 Clinton Township - 309 Clinton Township Tragedies - 311 Colfax Lodge No. 688, K. P. - 906 College Township - 313 Colleges - 121 Colored Baptists - 173 Commercial and Savings Bank Co. - 264 Commissioners. County - 89 Commissioners, First Meetings - 70 Commissioners' Records - 72 Congregational Churches - 177 Congressional Acts - 26, 27 Congressmen - 84 County Auditors - 86 County Commissioners - 89 County Finances - 82 County Government - 70 ounty Infirmary - 80 County Jails - 78 County Officers - 83 County Officers, First- 45 County Recorders - 85 County Seat Contest - 49 County Seat Located - 48 County Seat Organized - 48 County Sheriffs - 87 County Surveyors - 91 County Treasurers - 87 Court House Destroyed - 77 Jourt House, First - 74 Jourt House, Present - 78 Court House, Second - 74 Court House, Third - 76 Craig, Andrew - 55, 309 D Daily Republican-News - 143 Danville - 376 Danville Bank - 264 Danville Catholic Church - 183 Danville Lodge No. 456, F. & A. M. - 200 Delano, Columbus - 241 Delawares, Origin of - 30 Democratic Banner - 143 Destruction of Court House - 77 Disciples Church - 184 Distilleries - 322 District Judges - 92 Doctors, Early - 250 E Early Business Men - 285 Early Farm Machinery - 94 Early Furniture - 66 Early Improvements, Mt. Vernon - 270 Early Population - 58 Early Railroads - 103 Early Schools - 109 Early Settlement - 52 Early Superstitions - 62 Early Surveys - 25 Early Teachers - 111 Early Wearing Apparel - 62 Ebenezer M. P. Church - 168 Educational Interests - 109 Eighteenth LT. S. Regulars - 230 Election, First - 45 Electors, Presidential - 85 Elks - 207 Ellicot Lodge No. 267, I. O. O. F. - 204 Emmett, Daniel Decatur - 403 Episcopal Church - 190 Express Companies - 107 F Fair of 1878 - 96 Farm Products - 96 Finances of Knox County - 82 Financial Statement, 1911 - 82 First County Officers - 45 First Court House - 74 First Court in Knox County - 236 First Election - 45 First Election Results - 45 First Grand Jury - 236 First Jury Trial - 238 First Meeting of Commissioners - 70 First Mill in Knox County - 395 First National Bank - 263 First National Bank, Centerburg - 265 First National Bank, Fredericktown - 265 First Permanent Settlement - 56 First Petit Jury - 237 First Resident Lawyers - 240 First School Houses - 113 First Settlers - 52 First Settlers, Origin of - 55 First White Settler - 55 First White Visitor - 53 Five Corners - 346 Forty-third Ohio Regiment - 226 Fourth Court House - 78 Franklin Township - 48 Fredericktown - 389 Fredericktown Baptist Church - 171 Fredericktown Independent - 145 Fredericktown M. E. Church - 161 Free and Accepted Masons - 198 Free Methodists - 169 Free Presbyterian Church - 152 Free- Will Baptist Church - 173 Friends, Society of - 176 Friendship M. P. Church - 168 G Gambier - 314 Gambier M. E. Church - 158 Gen. Harrison's Famous Speech - 210 Geological Description - 34 German Evangelical Churches - 174 "God's Barn" - 151 Governors - 83 Grand Army of the Republic - 233 Great Occasions - 68 Greersville - 333 H Harcourt Place School - 138 Harrison Township - 316 Hawthorne Lodge No. 228, K. P. - 206 High Schools of County - 120 Hilliar Township - 325 Home Building and Loan Company - 267 Home for the Aged - 283 Hospitals of Mt. Vernon - 258 Household Furniture, Early - 66 Houses, Pioneer - 66 Howard - 323 Howard Savings Bank - 265 Howard Township - 320 Hunting in Knox County - 67 I Incidents of Civil War - 223 Independent Order of Odd Fellows - 203 Indian Adoption Ceremony - 54 Indian Captives - 53 Indian Murder - 312 Indian Occupancy - 29 Indian Squaw Killed - 32 Indian Trading - 31 Indian Tribes - 29 Industries in 1911 - 291 Infirmary, County - 80 Infirmary Directors - 90 In Memoriam - 232 Insurance Companies - 284 J Jackson Township - 334 Jails - 78 Jefferson Township - 331 Jelloway - 294 Joe Hooker Post No. 21, G. A. R. - 233 "Johnny Appleseed" - 95, 400 Journalism - 140 Judges, Associate - 93 Judges, District - 92 Judges, Probate - 92 K Kenyon College - 122 Kenyon College, Distinctive Features - 133 Kenyon College Presidents - 130 Kenyon College Property - 133 Killbuck, Chief - 31 Kinsman Council No. 76, R. & S. M. - 201 Knights of Pythias - 205 Knox Building and Loan Company - 267 Knox County Agricultural Society - 97 Knox County, Area of - 42 Knox County Boundaries - 34 Knox County Finances - 82 Knox County Gazette - 141 Knox County Herald - 145 Knox County in Civil War - 218 Knox County Journalism - 140 Knox County Medical Society - 257 Knox County, Organization of - 44 Knox County National Bank - 263 Knox County. Natural Features - 34 Knox County, Population of - 391 Knox County Republican - 142 Knox County Savings Bank - 264 Knox County Streams - 42 Knox County Timber - 37 Knox Encampment No. 211, I. O. O. F. - 204 Kokosing Canton No. 71, U. R.. K. P. - 206 Kokosing Encampment No. 38. I. O. O. F. - 203 Kokosing Lodge No. 407. I. O. O. F. - 205 L Ladies' Aid Societies - 222 Lawyers of 1880 - 247 Lawyers of 1911 - 249 Legal Whipping - 238 Liberty Township - 339 Libraries - 121 Literary Societies - 281 Literary Work - 146 Location of County Seat - 48 Lock - 346 Lutheran Churches - 174 M Manufacturing Industries - 286 Marshals of Mt. Vernon - 275 Martinsburg - 307 Martinsburg M. E. Church - 156 Martinsburg Presbyterian Church - 150 Masonic Club, Mt. Vernon - 202 Masonry in Knox County - 198 Mayors of Mt. Vernon - 275 Methodist Episcopal Church - 152 Methodist Protestant Churches - 167 Mexican War - 212 Middlebury Township - 354 Milford Township - 343 Military History of Knox County - 208 Mill, First, in Knox County - 395 Miller Township - 359 Millwood - 377 Miscellaneous Subjects - 391 Monroe Township - 351 Morgan Township - 347 Morris Agricultural Club - 97 Morris Township - 364 Morrow County Organized - 47 Mound Builders - 39 Mound View Cemetery - 280 Mt. Liberty - 341 Mt. Vernon - 268 Mt. Vernon Baptist Church - 170 Mt. Vernon Catholic Church - 179 Mt. Vernon-Clinton Contest - 49 Mt. Vernon Congregational Church - 177. Mt. Vernon College - 116 Mt. Vernon Hospital Sanitarium - 258 Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 20, I. O. O. F. - 203 Mt. Vernon Lodge No. 140, B. P. O. E. - 207 Mt. Vernon Medical and Surgical Sanitarium - 259 Mt. Vernon M. E. Church - 152 Mt. Vernon M. P. Church - 167 Mt. Vernon Municipal History - 274 Mt. Vernon, Population - 279 Mt. Vernon Postoffice - 272 Mt. Vernon Presbyterian Church - 147 Mt. Vernon Public Library - 282 Mt. Vernon Public Schools - 116 Mt. Vernon Street Railway - 280 Mt. Vernon Times - 143 Mt. Vernon Water Works - 277 Mt. Zion Lodge No. 9, F. & A. M. - 198 Murder of Indian Squaw - 32 Muster Rolls - 218 Mysterious Wells - 42 N National Representation - 84 Natural Features of Knox County - 34 Natural Gas - 39 Neff Petroleum Company - 38 Newspapers - 140 Ninety-sixth Ohio Regiment - 227 North Liberty - 369 O Odd Fellowship - 203 Officers, County - 83 Officers, First County - 45 Oil Explorations - 38 Ohio Lodge No. 199, F. & N. M. - 201 Ohio Made a State - 27 Ohio, Population of - 391 Ohio Register - 140 Ohio Sanitorium - 394 Ohio Territory Organized - 25 Old-style Apprenticeship - 397 One Hundred Forty-second Home Guards - 231 One Hundred Twenty-fifth Ohio Reg. - 220 One Hundred Twenty-first Ohio Reg. - 228 Organization of County Seat - 48 Organization of Knox County - 44 Organization of Morrow County - 47 Organization of Ohio Territory - 25 Organization of Townships - 292 Original Territory - 46 Origin of First Settlers - 55 Origin of the Delawares - 30 Other Railroads - 105 Owl Creek Bank - 260 Owl Creek Baptist Church - 172 Owl Creek Lodge No. 686, I. O. O. F. - 205 P Palmyra - 303 Parish Schools - 121 Petroleum - 38 Physicians of Knox County - 250 Physicians, Present - 257 Pike Township - 368 Pioneer Customs - 59 Pioneer Houses - 66 Pioneers and Whisky - 61 Pleasant Township - 371 Population. Early - 58 Population of Knox County - 391 Population of Mt. Vernon - 279 Population of Ohio - 391 Postoffices of Knox County - 397 Preglacial Channels - 34 Presbyterian Church - 147 Present Court House - 78 Present Physicians - 957 Presidential Electors - 85 Probate Judges - 92 Prosecuting Attorneys - 88 Prospecting and Results - 38 Protestant Episcopal Church - 190 Public Buildings - 74 Public Library. Mt. Vernon - 282 Q Quakers Come in - 58 Quindaro Lodge No. 316. I. O. O. F. - 203 Railroad, A Wooden - 104 Railroads. Early - 103 Recorders - 85 Refugee Lands - 25 Religiously Insane - 311 Results of First Election - 45 Roman Catholic Churches - 179 Rossville - 378 S Sad Mistake - 216 St. Luke's Catholic Church - 183 St. Paul's Episcopal Church - 190 St. Vincent de Paul Church - 181 St. Vincent de Paul School - 182 Sanitary Commission - 222 School Houses. First - 113 Schools. Early - 109 Schools in General - 120 Schools of Mt. Vernon - 116 Schools, Parochial - 121 Second Court House - 74 Second Heavy Artillery - 230 Senators, State - 84 Settlement, Early - 52 Settlement, First Permanent - 56 Settler, First White - 55 Settlers, First - 52 Seventh-day Adventists - 175 Sheriffs - 87 Sixty-fifth Ohio Regiment - 226 Smith, James - 53 Society of Friends - 176 Soldiers' Bounties - 221 Soldiers' Monument - 232 Spanish-American War - 234 "Squirrel Hunters" - 231 State Representatives - 84 State Senators - 84 Storms - 398 Streams - 42 Superstitions. Early - 62 Survey, Boundary, of 1812 - 28 Surveyors - 91 Surveys, Early - 25 Sycamore Valley Lodge No. 553. I. O. O. F. - 204 T Teachers, Early - 11l Teaching Agriculture - 102 Telegraph Companies - 106 Texas War - 212 The Press - 140 The Young Guard - 214 Third Court House - 76 Thirtieth Ohio Regiment - 225 Thirty-second Ohio Regiment - 225 Thrall Lodge No. 170. F. & A. M. - 199 Timber in Knox County - 37 Timon Lodge No. 45, K. P. - 205 Topography - 35 Township Histories - 292 Townships Detached from Knox- 47 Treasurers. County - 87 Treaties of 1817 and 1829 - 33 Treaty of 1785 - 29 Tri-County Leader - 145 Twentieth Ohio Regiment - 225 U Union Churches - 177 Union Township - 374 United Brethren Churches - 174 United Presbyterian Church - 152 United States Military Lands - 25 Universalist Advocate - 145 Universalist Churches - 175 V Village Plats - 393 Violent Storms - 398 Virginia Military Reservation - 25 W War Meetings - 219 War of 1812 - 208 Waterford - 357 Wayne Baptist Church - 173 Wayne Lodge No. 303, K, P. - 206 Wayne Township - 381 Wearing Apparel, Early - 62 Wesleyan Methodists - 169 West, Judge, William H. - 399 Western Reserve - 25 Western Watchman - 142 Westminster Academy - 115 Whisky and Pioneers - 61 Wolf Traps - 68 Wooden Railroad - 104 Y Young Men's Christian Ass'n - 283 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX A Ackerman, Louis B. - 715 Ackley, Solon B. - 621 Alan, John S. - 447 Alien, George - 857 Allen, Henry A. - 576 Amos, Frederick - 867 Amos, John F. - 866 Anderson, Robert C. - 830 Arndt, George D. - 454 Arndt, John L. - 454 B Banbury, Harry C. - 871 Banbury, John C. - 872 Barber, Clark M. - 823 Beach, Charles H. - 856 Beal, Joseph - 490 Beal, Michael - 499 Beam, Frank L. - 826 Beaty, John - 655 Beck, Charles A. - 653 Beggs, Edward C. - 642 Bell, J, Edward - 807 Bell, Lloyd M. - 721 Bennett, Frank L. - 635 Bennett, George W. - 788 Bermont, Charles L. - 695 Berry, Patrick A. - 555 Best, Sylvester R. - 754 Bishop, Allen S. - 583 Bishop, Charles L. - 816 Bishop, Clayton H. - 582 Bishop, Fred C. - 815 Blackburn, Charles W. - 894 Blue, Clem L. V. - 734 Blue, Hamilton - 735 Boggs, Coleman E. - 516 Bone, John H. - 781 Bottenfield, John - 507 Bottenfield, W. L. - 507 Bounds, William A. - 656 Braddock, Levi S. - 874 Bradfield, Levi S. - 751 Breece, Adam G. - 572 Breece, Cassie - 571 Breece, Ellsworth W. - 681 Britton, Legrand - 659 Britton, Lewis - 660 Brown, Arthur W. - 663 Brown, Elmer J. - 781 Brown, James M. - 891 Brown, James S. - 892 Brown, John - 818 Bryant, Jacob M. - 626 Bunn, Harry S. - 634 Burger, Jacob - 468 Burger, Levi S. - 468 Burgess, L, H. - 806 Busenburg, J, B. - 861 Butler, Wilson W. - 577 Buxton, William T. - 877 C Callihan, J. W. - 868 Campbell, Francis W. - 512 Carlisle, William M. - 592 Carpenter, William N. - 565 Caywood, John - 772 Caywood, Leander - 772 Cessna, John R. - 489 Cessna, John W. - 865 Cessna, Newton S. - 865 Cessna, William - 490 Chappelear, Herschel J. - 606 Clark, Samuel - 840 Claypool, John R. - 581 Clements, Christopher C. - 570 Clements, Rollin S. - 670 Clutter, David P. - 736 Cochran, Frank M. - 691 Cochran. John M. - 829 Coe, Charles W. - 598 Colgin, James - 480 Collopy, Joseph H, - 881 Colville, Charles F. - 486 Colwill, John T. - 804 Colwill, Simon - 805 Conard, Charles K. - 680 Cooksey, Uriah T. - 731 Cooper, John - 616 Cooper, William C. - 543 Cover, Perry L. - 488 Cover, Upton A. - 488 Coiner. Rev. David H. - 442 Coyner, George - 441 Critchfield, Charles E. - 434 Cromley, L. Tate - 66l Crumley, Albert W. - 688 Cunningham, John - 792 D Davis, Alva B. - 759 Delong, Benjamin F. - 854 Delong, John - 855 Devin, Henry C. - 742 Devin, Joseph C. - 743 Dial, Lee - 629 Dodd, Stephen B. - 460 Dowds, Alva A. - 649 Dowds, Elijah W. - 457 Dowds, Sheridan G. - 456 Dudgeon, Chris, E. - 464 Dudgeon, Scott - 893 Dudgeon, Timothy - 464 Durbin, Clement E. - 833 E Eastman, James W. - 519 Eastman, Newton R. - 515 Eley, Thurman L. - 646 Elliott, James - 669 Elliott, Orange H. - 665 Ewalt, Henry - 586 Ewalt, John M. - 585 Ewers, George J. - 474 F Farmer, Walter B. - 733 Farmer, Warren - 896 Ferenbaugh, Burchard B. - 624 Ferenbaugh, Leo - 624 Fish, Simon B. - 511 Flack, Samuel - 767 Frizzell, Isaiah H. - 786 G Gaines, Robert S. - 472 Gaines, Thomas B. - 473 Geitgey, Alverdo A. - 902 Gitlin, Robert - 524 Gorsuch, William L. - 812 Gray, Charles M. - 652 Gray, George W. - 531 Gray, James E. - 530 Grubb, Charles M. - 724 Grubb, Henry - 810 H Hagan, Oliver C. - 703 Hamilton, Edwin F. - 525 Hamilton, George S. - 513 Hamilton, William - 514 Harmer, Isaac S. - 580 Harper, Franklin - 557 Harper, Lecky - 557 Harris, George A. - 515 Harris, Jesse - 524 Harris, John C. - 524 Harris, Omer T. - 504 Harter, George S. - 612 Hayden, Charles D. - 752 Hayes, Charles W. - 694 Heard, George H. - 762 Hickinbotham, John A. - 483 Hildreth, Charles M. - 714 Hildreth, Washington - 784 Hollister, Elmer E. - 466 Holmes, Harry - 594; Hook, George E. - 462 Horn, Benton C. - 740 Horn, Joseph - 735 Hosack, William A. - 699 Houck, Lewis B. - 677 Howell, Edmund C. - 509 Howell, Hezekiah - 509 Hull, Rev, William E. - 430 Hunter, Archie D. - 731 Hunter, Richard - 842 Hunter, Ross E. - 729 Hyatt, George W. - 739 I Iams, Charles C. - 449 Israel, James - 444 Israel, Samuel - 446 Israel. Samuel H. - 674 J Jackson, Charles B. - 505 Jackson Edward - 790 Jackson, George - 505 Jackson, VanBuren - 496 Jackson. Will H. - 495 Jacobs. Henry M. - 591 Johnson, Isaac S. - 889 Johnson, James - 553 Johnson, Walter B. - 552 Jones, Goshen A. - 439 K Kerr. Scott D. - 685 Kirk. Desault B. - 538 Kirk. Robert C. - 548 L LaPorte. George P. - 601 Larimore. Frank C. - 545 Larimore, Isaac P. - 705 Larimore, Joseph M. - 794 Larimore. Robert - 546 Layman. Stanley A. - 860 Leatherman, William T. - 717 Leedy, Abraham - 853 Leedy, Isaac - 852 Leedy. William H. - 870 Leonard. James L. - 700 Lepley. Jacob - 770 Levering. Frank O. - 450 Levering. John Cook - 452 Levering, Noah - 452 Lewis. William - 827 Limbaugh, Edward C. - 886 Litzenberg. John E. - 822 Litzenberg, John - 822 Lloyd. John B. - 741 Logsdon. Charles C. - 602 Loney. John - 537 Loney. John C. - 537 Loney. William C. - 535 Lytle. Mortimer E. - 706 Mc McCamment, John S. - 843 McCormick, Joseph - 615 McGee, William - 640 McIntire, Alfred R. - 697 McIntire, Rollin R. - 702 McKinley. John L. - 568 McMannis, Curtis E. - 622 McMillan, Joseph - 779 McNabb. George W. - 758 M Mahan. Loran E. - 478 Mande. George L. - 712 Martin. George R. - 906 Martin, Milton P. - 905 May, William H. - 759 Meyers. Max - 470 Mild, William - 638 Miller. Irving C. - 747 Miser, J. E. - 859 Mitchell. Charles A. - 563 Mitchell. James W. S. - 862 Mitchell. John A. - 563 Mitchell. Rollin C. - 609 Mitchell. Torrence - 481 Mitchell. William - 609 Mitchell. William H. - 783 Mitchell. William M. - 525 Mixer. Alfred L. - 851 Mizer. John - 851 Mizer, Lloyd 0. - 850 Moree. Cassius B. - 689 Morey. Corwin D. - 465 Metz. Gottlieb - 498 Motz. John M. - 497 Mulhane. Rev. Lawrence W. - 748 N Neal. George D. - 560 Neal. Hugh - 766 Neiderhauser, Robert - 897 Nicholls. Daniel - 841 Nixon. Isabelle B. - 654 Nixon. Michael - 655 0 Oberholtzer, Millman C. - 719 Owen. Frank V. - 756 P Padgett, Frank O. - 666 Paige, Warren T. - 803 Parker, Peter J. - 692 Parr, Silas - 708 Pelker, William P. - 883 Penn, John - 529 Penn, Lawrence C. - 764 Penn, William - 528 Pennell, William W. - 431 Pfouts, John J. - 673 Purdy, Elijah - 476 Purdy, Richard D. - 476 R Ransom, Oscar - 814 Reed, John A. - 900 Rice, Clinton M. - 604 Riley, James - 527 Riley, Walter C. - 527 Rine, Emanuel - 726 Rine, Henry - 727 Rine, Rudolph - 728 Robinson, William L. - 684 Rockwell, William C. - 745 Russell, John W. - 619 S St. Luke's Church, Danville - 502 Salisbury, Charles K. - 676 Sapp, Burgess E. - 873 Schooler, Clark - 722 Scott, Adam - 522 Scott, James - 485 Scott, James L. - 485 Scott, Lewis B. - 522 Semple, William F. - 687 Severns, French W. - 607 Sevits Irven - 777 Sevits, Stephen W. - 627 Shellenbarger, Charles B. - 844 Shellenbarger, Harry N. - 848 Shrontz, John F. - 493 Silcott, William A. - 631 Simmons, Amaziah H. - 658 Simpson, James A. - 573 Singrey, Fred L. - 534 Sipe, Almanza R. - 644 Smith, Homer C. - 661 Smith, John T. - 458 Smith, Joseph B. - 459 Snyder, William - 860 Sperry, George W. - 500 Sperry, Peter W. - 501 Stillwell, Francis M. - 541 Stillwell, L. C. - 541 Stinemetz, John B. - 588 Stitzlein, Adam - 876 Stonebrook, John E. - 769 Stonehocker, John J. - 521 Stonehocker, W. W. - 520 Struble, David W. - 632 Struble, John D. - 633 Swartz, John W. - 796 Swetland, Clarence D. - 469 Syler, Harvey - 817 T Trogus, Rev. Otto P. 502 Tulloss, Benjamin F. - 847 Tulloss Charles R. - 491 Tulloss, Ernest C. - 888 Tulloss, George W. - 837 Tulloss, Richard S. - 493 Tulloss, William - 492 V Van Horn, Jasper - 820 Vannatta, Charles O. - 802 Vannatta, Samuel T. - 800 Vincent, Judson - 647 W Wagner, George P. - 738 Wagner, Henry - 799 Wagner, William H. - 798 Waight, John B. - 438 Ward, Joe M. - 595 Ward, John F. - 879 Ward, Rufus - 879 Ward, William L. - 594 Welker, Andrew D. - 550 Welker, William E. - 551 Welsh, William J. - 761 Wenger, Joseph - 611 Wheaton, Avery - 899 Rev. Albert B. - 566 Williams, Lester L. - 637 Wilson, Hodgson - 864 Wilson, John M. - 710 Winterringer, Jesse B. - 835 Winterringer, John C. - 835 Wolfe, John - 845 Woodruff, John F. - 809 Workman, Hiram W. - 590 Workman, Joseph - 672 Workman, Lyman - 671 Workman, Stephen - 590 Wyant, Burr A. - 885 Y Young, Charles A. - 775 Young, Charles R. - 832 Young, Frank E. - 776 Young, Harry C. - 532 Young, Silas - 832 Z Zeig, Frank B. - 574