HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 279

CHAPTER XXXI.

WAR OF THE REBELLION.

PREPARATIONS FOR THE CONFLICT-NUMBER OF SOLDIERS

FROM KNOX COUNTY-WAR MEETINGS AND RESOLUTIONS -

COMMITTEES APPOINTED-HOME GUARDS--SKETCH OF

THE LIFE OF C. P. BUCKINGHAM- BOUNTY MONEY FOR

THE VOLUNTEERS OF 1862 - ADDRESS OF THE MILITARY

COMMITTEE-METHODS OF SECURING VOLUNTEERS -

DRAFTING-WAR FUND-KNOX COUNTY MILITIA-LA-

DIES' AID SOCIETIES-LADIES' UNION LEAGUE-THE

MONUMENT.

The drum's wild roar awakes the land, the fife is calling shrill,

Ten thousand starry bantams blaze, on town, and bay, and hill;

Our crowded streets are throbbing with the soldier's' measured tramp,

Among the bladed cornfields gleam the white tents of the camp.

The thunders of the rising war hush Labor's drowsy hum,

And heavy to the ground the first dark drops of battle come.

The souls of men flame up anew; the narrow heart expands;

And woman brings her patient faith to nerve her eager hands.

Thank God l we are not buried yet, though long in trance we lay;

Thank God I the fathers need not blush to own their sons to-day.

ELDRIDGE JEFFERSON.

ACCORDING to the figures in the provost marshal general's office, Ohio furnished during the war of the Rebellion, the great army of three hundred and ten thousand men; of these, two hundred and forty thousand five hundred and fourteen were actually sent into the field against the enemy; of this latter number Knox county furnished about three thousand. The larger proportion of these went in detached fragments, making it a very difficult matter to give a correct and consecutive account of their operations during the great struggle. Something more than twenty organized companies went from the county, as well as a large number of detachments in various regiments and companies raised in other counties. In addition to these a large number of men, residents of the county, enlisted singly, in regiments and companies raised elsewhere, and Knox county boys were found in scores of regiments in other States; especially was this the case among the western regiments-those from Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Kansas.

When, in April, 1801, Sumter was. fired upon, the whole country was in a blaze of war; it was like a match touched to a powder magazine-there was an instantaneous explosion Ohio immediately offered more men to the Government than was called for from the United States. Knox county was not behind in this excitement. Meetings were

280 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

held all over the county, and companies of men quickly enlisted.

April 20, 1861, there was a great mass meeting in Mount Vernon, presided over by Hon. Henry B. Curtis. Thousands of people were present, and party-lines, which up to this time had been tightly drawn, were in a great measure obliterated. Republicans and Democrats, with a few exceptions, met on common ground, to consult together for the safety of a common country. This was more the case and more noticeable in the beginning of the war than a little later, when party lines were again drawn on the great issues involved in the war.

This mass meeting was held in front of the court house. Speeches were made by Hon. Columbus Delano and others, and the following resolutions adopted

Resolved, That civil war exists by act of the seceding States; and we hold the traitors banded together under the "Southern Confederacy, "or otherwise, responsible before God and the world for all the evil that may arise from the unnatural war, thus inaugurated.

Resolved, That in this crisis the people of Ohio know but one party-the friends of the Union. We ignore all former partisan distinctions and declare with one voice for our country, our whole country, and nothing less than our country.

Resolved, That we pledge to our Government, in support of the constitution and laws, our property, our lives and our sacred honor, .

Resolved, That we hereby pledge ourselves to the volunteers who may go from this county that we will support their families during their absence in the service of their country; and for that purpose, therefore

Resolved, That there he a central executive committee of five in the town of Mount Vernon, and a county committee of twenty-two-one from each township-appointed.

The above resolutions, which were offered by a committee consisting of C. Delano, Mr. Rigby, L. Harper, Major Sapp, and William Dunbar, were quickly adopted amid much cheering and excitement. .

The central executive committee then appointed consisted of W. Sapp, William Dunbar, William Mefford, A. J. Beach, and C. Delano. This committee soon had its hands full of business, which continued during the war. The following gentlemen constituted the township committees:

A. J. Butler, Jackson township; James McCammet, Butler; Doctor Moffet, Union; Mark Greer, Jefferson; Wait Whitney, Brown; Samuel Popham, Pike; U. T. Porter. Howard; James Head, College; George Hughes, Morgan; Thomas Rogers, Clay; Moses Dudgeon, Harrison; L W. Gates, Miller; Nathan Bostwick, Milford; Robert Graham, Pleasant; William Mitchell, Hilliar; James Severe, Liberty; John Welsh. Clinton; John McIntyre, Mortis; John D. Struble. Wayne; Stephen-H. Sherwood, Middlebury; James Markley, Berlin: Peter Hoke, Mooroe.

In addition to the above, one was added (or each ward in Mt. Vernon, and soldiers' families were generally, in various ways, well provided for doting the war. The two companies that went out in the Fourth Ohio, in the three months' service, were more than filled up at this time. More then could easily have been had, but could not be accepted.

Meetings of a similar character were held in Amity and Brownsville. In the latter place a company was immediately formed, and elected John F. Cunningham captain; William L. Brook, first lieutenant, and Squire Workman, second lieutenant. W. Frazier was orderly sergeant The meeting was held in the Methodist Episcopal church, and after the volunteering, one side of the house was cleared, and those who would contribute to the support of the families of the volunteers requested to take that side. Immediately that side of the house was refilled.

An enthusiastic meeting was also held in Morgan township, April 23d, at which a company of home guards was formed.

A company of home guards was about the same time formed in Mt. Vernon, consisting of about eighty members, mostly old or middle-aged men. C. P. Buckingham was captain of this company, Joseph W. Vance, first, sad William Dunbar, second lieutenant The two first named officers subsequently rose to high positions.

C. P. Buckingham was born March 14, 1808, at Putnam, then Springfield, Muskingum county, Ohio. His father, Ebenezer Buckingham, was one of the early settlers in the State, and his mother was a daughter of General Rufus Putnam, a soldier in the Revolution, the first chief engineer in the United States army, sad the first man to lead a band of settlers to Ohio. Young Buckingham was appointed a cadet by President Monroe, and at the age of seventeen entered West Point His application was such that at the end of one year he was appointed acting assistant professor of mathematics, and for two years, besides prosecuting his own studies, he spent several hours each day in teaching. At the end of four years he gradu-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 281

ated second in mathematics, philosophy and engineering; and sixth in general merit. Among his classmates were General Robert E. Lee, Joseph E. Johnston, O. M. Mitchell, Thomas A. Davis, James Barnes, Thomas Swords and others of less note.

In 1829, he was commissioned by President Jackson as second lieutenant in the Third United States artillery, and before the expiration of the usual furlough he was ordered to join a party engaged in surveying Green river, with a view to render it navigable. The next winter was spent in Washington completing maps of the survey, and in the following September, after a furlough of four months, he was ordered to West Point as acting assistant professor of natural philosophy. After serving one year in this capacity, Lieutenant Buckingham decided to quit the service, and devote himself to civil pursuits.

In 1833 he was called to the professorship of mathematics and natural philosophy in Kenyon college, which position he held three years; and upon his retirement he was chosen trustee of the institution. Professor Buckingham settled in Mt Vernon, and in 1849 became senior partner in the Kokosing iron works. In 1856 he removed temporarily to Chicago, where he spent two years in building and putting in operation the grain houses of the Illinois Central railroad. At the end of that time he returned to Ohio and resumed the management of the Kokosing iron works.

A few days after the fall of Sumter Governor Dennison offered Mr. Buckingham the position of assistant adjutant general of Ohio, and he at once repaired to Columbus . and reported for duty. At that time the State was organizing twenty-two regiments; these troops to the number of seventeen or eighteen thousand were collected in several camps and fed by contract at the rate of fifty cents per day for each man. The necessity for an organized commissary department was very urgent, and within a week after arriving in Columbus, Mr. Buckingham was appointed commissary general of the State. He immediately established depots of provisions, purchased supplies, appointed assistant commissaries, and within two weeks the troops were put upon regular army rations, and were fed at an average cost of fourteen cents per day for each man.

After the commissary department was fully organized, General Carrington, the adjutant general of the State, was commissioned in the regular army, and General Buckingham was appointed to succeed him; and for nine months he labored incessantly in raising regiments and forwarding them to the field. Special difficulties arose between the State authorities and the authorities at Washington in regard to the recruiting service, and to give a minute account of General Buckingham's efforts to bring order out of confusion; to establish a system of recruiting on fixed principles; to organize and arrange the records of the office so that the information they contained should be reliable and easily accessible; to bring the war department into proper relations with the State authorities; to reconcile the conflicting claims of officers, and, in a word, to meet all the wants and requirements of his position to give a minute account of all this would require the publication of a voluminous correspondence, and an innumerable number of official documents. It is sufficient to say that by the end of the year eighty thousand men had been organized and equipped for the three years' service. Upon the accession of Governor Tod, General Buckingham still continued in his position, and nothing ever occurred in his private and official intercourse, either with Governor Dennison or with Governor Tod to interrupt for a moment the confidence that existed between them.

April 1, 1862, General Buckingham was offered, and accepted, the position of brigadier general of volunteers, with special reference to the war department. His duties were of a very miscellaneous character. In July, 1862, when national affairs on the James river wore their gloomiest aspect, it was decided that strenuous efforts should be made to raise a large additional force. Experience had shown the necessity of a complete understanding between the war department and the State authorities; and to effect this the Secretary of State set out to visit several of the governors, to have interviews with them on the subject. General Buckingham was directed to accompany him, with authority from the war department to remove, as far as possible, any impediments which the State authorities might find in the way of recruiting. Together they conferred with the governors of Pennsylvania, New

282 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

York, and Massachusetts; and then General Buckingham proceeded alone to Cleveland, where he met the governors of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin; and, without doubt, the arrangements, thus made facilitated the business of recruiting.

In October, 1862, General Buckingham was ordered to repair to Columbus, Indianapolis, and Rock Island to select sites for the arsenals authorized at the preceding session of Congress. He performed this duty by selecting those now occupied at Columbus and Indianapolis, and by recommending that Rock Island, already owned .by the Government, be selected for the third, His report was adopted in every particular.

The first conscription was ordered in July, 1862, and General Buckingham was selected to organize and arrange the details, and to set the machinery in motion, While engaged in this duty his attention was called to the enormous amount of desertion and straggling, and also to the necessity of some means by which the Government could reach and control the recruiting system at all points. To this end he suggested to the Secretary of War the propriety of appointing provost marshals; and subsequently the provost marshal's bureau was established mainly upon General Buckingham's plan.

In February, 1863, Congress determined to pass a conscription law, and the Senate Military committee requested General Buckingham to meet them, and make such suggestions as would assist them in drawing up a bill. After hearing his views, his experience both as a State officer and as having charge of the conscription during the previous summer, making him quite familiar with the subject, the committee requested him to take the papers and memoranda to his office and draw up a bill to be submitted to them. This he did; and the bill as it passed Congress varied but little from the one which he reported to the committee.

About this time General Buckingham's private affairs, which he had almost wholly neglected since the opening of the war, demanded his attention; and accordingly he tendered his resignation, and once more returned to civil life. His services through the war were not of the kind that figure largely in the public eye or in the newspapers of the day, but a large share of the credit which Ohio won for her promptitude in filling her quotas, and for the admirable organization of her troops is due to General Buckingham; and his name will ever deserve prominent mention in her list of those who served and honored their native State through the trials of the great Rebellion.

The following resolution, offered by W. R Sapp at a convention for the nomination of civil officers, contains the gist of all resolutions offered in those days. It speaks volumes for the patriotism of the people

Whereas-Experience has demonstrated that political parties have their legitimate exercise in the administration of established government; and

Whereas-When the existence of government is threatened by armed foes, the only real parties are the supporters of the government on the one hand and its enemies on the other; and

Whereas-The war now waging has been forced upon our country by rebels and traitors; and

Whereas--The time has now come when it is to be decided whether the union our fathers framed shall be perpetuated or destroyed; therefore

Resolved-That forgetting the obligations of party ties, and believing it unwise to make any party nominations, we hereby declare that we recognize as the only true political principle of the present time, the faithful enforcement of the laws, the union of States, the maintenance of the constitution, and the vigorous and continued prosecution of the war.

Other and similar resolutions were adopted and the convention nominated unconditional union men without regard to previous party affiliations.

Up to June, 1862, eight hundred and fifty-two men had volunteered from this county, and large amounts of money had been raised to pay bounties and furnish support for the families of soldiers. While the volunteers were fighting the enemy in front, the loyal people in the rear were not by any means idle. The following is copied from the books in the auditor's office, and shows how the sinews of war were obtained

The following are the amounts raised in each township in the county to pay bounties to volunteers in 1862, which amounts were, by law of April 6, x866, refunded by taxation:

Jackson ........................ $14,830 Union ............................ $15,610

Butler .............................10,610 Brown............................ 4,709

Harrison .........................16,100 Clay................................ 18,760

Pleasant ......................... 7,905 College ........................... 10.348

Pike................................. 12,315 Berlin .............................. 15,670

Clinton............................. 7,605 Mt. Vernon City............... 40,527

Milford . ......................... 8,500 Liberty . ........................... 10,488

Middlebury ...................... 9,327 Hilliar ................................ 18,105

Jefferson ......................... 12,040 Howard .............................. 20,160

Morgan .......................... 14,388 Monroe .............................. 3,040

Morris............................. . 9,910 Miller .................................22,131

Wayne ............................ 37,500 Knox county at large. ....... 28,170

The total amount raised during the war for bounties to vol-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 283

unteers of 1862 was three hundred and sixty-eight thousand, seven hundred and forty-eight dollars.

The foregoing is as correct as can be made from the data in my possession.

ALEXANDER CASSIL, Auditor.

The great earnestness of the people of Knox county, under the call of the President in 1862, for three hundred thousand volunteers, is revealed in the following special appeal by the military committee of the county. It also reveals the source of the Ninety-sixth regiment, Colonel J. W. Vance:

MILITARY COMMITTEE ROOM,

KNOX COUNTY, July 30, 1862.

The military committee of Knox county take the liberty of again addressing themselves to their fellow citizens of the county upon a subject imperatively demanding prompt and vigorous action at their hands.

We have therefore called attention to the fact, that under the recent call of the President for three hundred thousand additional volunteers, the counties of Knox, Morrow, Marion, Delaware, Union, and Logan had been formed into a regimental district, and were required by the governor of the State to raise a regiment of one thousand men.

These men have been apportioned to the several counties comprising the district in proportion to the population of each county. Under this apportionment Knox county is required to furnish two hundred and twenty men.

The regiment to be raised in this district is already organized, and its field officers appointed. Our county has been honored in the choice of the colonel; our esteemed fellow-citizen, Joseph W. Vance, esq., whose ability and untiring energy are well known to all, having been appointed to the position. This selection, we are sure, will give additional impetus to the recruiting service in our midst.

The call upon us for our quota of men must be met. The Government, as it should be, is terribly in earnest in its efforts to quell the rebellion. It is determined to put forth its power and do the work thoroughly and at once. The number of men necessary to accomplish this purpose must be forthcoming at all hazards. The alternative therefore, is presented us of entering the service as volunteers, or of submitting to the draft.

In one or the other of these modes two hundred and twenty men must be raised by Knox county within a short period of time.

Acting under orders from headquarters, our county auditor is even now engaged in enrolling the militia of the. county: and we understand he is required to make his return by the eighteenth of August.

Will our people volunteer, or will they compel the public authorities to resort to the draft, in order to raise the number of men which, upon a fair and just apportionment, our county is required to furnish? Our sister counties are addressing themselves earnestly to the work of filling the ranks with volunteers. What, to the future, shall be said of the action of Knox county, in this dark hour of our country's peril?

The man who is drafted, is entitled to no bounty; the Government reserves this testimonial of its good wilt to the gallant citizens who volunteer. His pay is less than that of the volunteer. He cannot select the company or regiment in which he will serve, a privilege which every volunteer may exercise, and in addition to this, he is regarded not as the patriotic citizen who has voluntarily stepped forward to fight the battles of his country, but as one who serves her upon compulsion.

We sincerely trust and confidently hope that our county may be spared this disgrace. There are certainly two hundred and twenty loyal and gallant men yet left within her borders, who will see that her hitherto fair fame is preserved untarnished.

We now earnestly appeal to our fellow-citizens to assist us in putting into the field the number of volunteers required from our county. We are advised precisely what that number is, and know exactly the work to be done. Let us all see that it is promptly done. We desire each man to feel that this appeal is made personally to him. The call upon us by the Government is of paramount importance; it should be our special business no matter how urgent the demands of private interests may be to see to it that prompt and faithful response is made to that call.

A fund is also being raised for the purpose of furnishing a bounty to volunteers, in addition to that paid by the Government. We expect to be able to raise within Knox county, at least ten thousand dollars for that purpose, which will enable us to pay an extra bounty of forty dollars to each recruit. Of this sum a large proportion-enough to insure twenty-five dollars to each man-has already been subscribed. Let every man who cannot go himself contribute liberally of his means to those who can.

Each volunteer, when his company is mustered into service, will receive from the Government one month's pay in advance (thirteen dollars); one fourth of his one hundred dollars bounty (twenty-five dollars), and au extra payment of two dollars, making in all forty dollars. In addition to this we expect to be able to pay him the further sum of forty dollars; thus his advance payment will be eighty dollars.

Township military committees are being appointed in every township in the county, and will receive due notice of their appointment.

Upon them we more particularly rely for aid in accomplishing the work before us. Work-systematic, energetic, persevering work-will alone accomplish the desired result.

SAMUEL ISRAEL, Chn. K. C. Mil. Corn.

JOSEPH S. DAVIS, Secretary.

At the same time, July 28, 1862, a great war meeting was held in Mt Vernon, at the court house at which patriotic speeches were made by Mr. Delano and Colonel Joseph W. Vance. The greatest enthusiasm prevailed, and it became evident that old Knox would not be behind her sister counties in this great effort. At this meeting the following citizens contributed the sums opposite their names, to the war fund:

W. Dunbar ........................... $ 25 00

H. B. Curtis.......................... 500 00

C. Delano............................. 500 00

R. C. Hurd........................... 100 00

George B. Potwin. ............... 200 00

W. M. Young ...................... 100 00

J. C. Devin........................... 100 00

George W. Morgan.............. 25 00

284 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

G. A. Jones ................................... 100 00

J. Sperry & Company . . . . . . . . . . 200 00

J. Weaver...................................... 100 00

Isaac Cassell ............................... 25 00

E. P. Buckingham......................... 50 00

L. Harper ......................................... 30 00

E. S. S. Rouse.................................. 30 00

I. Mattison........................................ 25 00

M. Leopold & Company ................. 23 00

John Denny ..................................... 10 00

H. W. Jennings................. ................ 10 00

R. M. Roland .................................... 10 00

Carlos W. Fisher................................10 00

P. McIntyre ..................................... 15 00

John Eichelberger ........................... 10 00

Frank H. Hurd................................... 25 00

G. H. Martin..................................... 10 00

W. A. Bounds................................... 10 00

R. A. Kindrick................................... 20 00

John E. Evans................................... 15 00

Otho Martin ..................................... 10 00

William E. Doty. ............................... 5 00

Samuel Israel ................................. 150 00

C. E. Marquand ............................... 10 00

J. S. Shaw.......................................... 25 00

E. C. Camp ...................................... 10 00

Joseph Watson ................................. .10 00

N. N. Hill ....................................... 100 00

John McCormack ........................... 100 00

A. Wolf ............................................ 100 00

A. Weaver......................................... 100 00

More than three thousand dollars were subscribed on this occasion; committees were appointed and liberal subscriptions obtained all over the county. The two hundred and twenty volunteers required for the Ninety-sixth regiment were easily obtained, and no drafting became necessary to fill this quota. Not only this, but before these companies were fairly organized, the President called for three hundred thousand more men, and Knox county's quota was immediately doubled. Two more companies were required. These were raised within fifteen or twenty days and entered the One Hundred and Twenty-first regiment, under Captains Stephens and Yager.

Preparations for drafting were begun in August, 1862; the auditor was already busy enrolling all persons in the county liable for military duty, to be in readiness should it become necessary to fill up the army by conscription. Hon. William R Sapp was appointed commissioner; D. C. Montgomery, provost marshal, and Dr. M. Thompson, examining surgeon. Happily the necessity for enforcing the draft was avoided at that time by liberal volunteering, and indeed, comparatively few men were drafted in this county during the war. A draft ocucrred in October, 1862, a large number of the men being assigned to the Sixty-fifth regiment. Whenever the quota of the county was ascertained under the repeated calls of the President for volunteers, the people went to work with a will to get the number of men required without resorting to the. draft. Money was freely used and success generally attended their efforts.

The following advertisement appears in the Mt. Vernon papers of .that date, and is interesting as showing what inducements were held out to volunteers:

One hundred men wanted for the Third Ohio volunteer cavalry. Four hundred and two dollars bounty paid to old recruits, and three hundred and two dollars to new recruits.

WALTER L. BURR,

December 1, 1863. Recruiting Officer.

In the following year, 1864, the inducements were still greater, as the following extract shows:

Every able-bodied man who will come forward and volunteer for one year, and be credited to the First ward of Mt. Vernon, on or before the twenty-fifth of August, will receive five hundred dollars in cash for one year's service.

In 1862, the Knox county war fund, raised by voluntary contribution in the county, for the relief of soldiers' families reached the sum of eight thousand eight hundred and thirty-five dollars and thirty-nine cents. In 1863 the county commissioners set apart for the same purpose eleven thousand three hundred and thirty-nine dollars; and the same amount, for the same purpose in 1864. In 1865, the amount set apart for this purpose was twelve thousand one hundred dollars.

In addition to these contributions from the county funds, large private subscriptions were continued. During the last years of the war large amounts were paid for substitutes; no limit being defined; those who were drafted hired other men to take their places at whatever price could be agreed upon. This finally grew into a great evil, and created a class known as "bounty jumpers," who made a business of enlisting, deserting, and re-enlisting at some other point for additional bounty.

In 1864, under the call of the Government for five hundred thousand men, Knox county's quota was five hundred and eighty-nine men, to be enlisted for one, two and three years. The Govern-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 285

ment paid to one year troops, one hundred dollars, and an additional one hundred dollars for each year of service-three years men getting three hundred dollars. This was in addition to the large bounties paid by the county and by private individuals.

In the fall of 1862, one hundred and thirty-nine men were to be drafted in this county, and the draft proceeded in all the townships except Berlin, Milford, Morgan, Morris and Union, which succeeded in filling their quotas without draft.

Under the militia law of April 11, 1863, Knox county was divided into military districts, and all men liable to military duty enrolled, numbering three thousand three hundred and sixty-two. These were divided into regiments and companies, and early in July meetings were held and company officers elected. Four regiments were formed and the election for field officers took place August 22, 1863, with the following result:

In the first district, composed of Hilliar, Milford, Liberty and Wayne, I. P. Larimore was chosen colonel, A. B. Ink lieutenant colonel, and D. A. Snider, major. In the second district, composed of Middlebury, Berlin, Morris and Clinton, William McGaughey was chosen colonel, Henry Markley lieutenant colonel, and John S. Parrott, major. In the third district, composed of Morgan, Pleasant, College, Monroe, Pike, Brown and Howard, W. O. B. Honey was chosen colonel, Charles A. Young lieutenant colonel, and J. P. Cunningham major. In the fourth district, composed of Harrison, Clay, Jackson, Butler, Union and Jefferson, George Butler was chosen colonel, W. J. Withrow lieutenant colonel and S. C. Richard major.

Soon after the war broke out the need of sanitary and hospital supplies began to be felt, and the requirements of this department rapidly increased. The women of the North saw where their services were most needed and could be most effectually utilized. "Ladies' Aid societies" immediately sprang up all over the land, and from small beginnings this movement finally developed into the great Sanitary commission, whose immense operations secured a world-wide reputation. Knox county was not behind in this most important factor in the military operations of the great Rebellion. Early in 1861 a Ladies' Aid society was formed in Mount Vernon, with Mrs. J. E. Woodbridge as president. This was quickly followed by other societies in the different townships, and be fore the war ended probably every township in the county contained a Ladies' Aid society, thoroughly organized and doing efficient work. These organizations co-operated with each other, and the amount of work done and assistance rendered to Soldiers both. in the field and in the hospital, would seem almost incredible.

The following list will give an idea of the work of these societies. It comprises the articles forwarded by the Ladies' Aid society of Pleasant township from the date of its organization up to the date of this report-Christmas, 1863:

Shirts, 91; drawers, 65 pairs; pocket handkerchiefs, 138; pillow slips, 42; pillows, to; sheets, 6; towels, 35; socks, 9 pairs; mittens, 2 pairs; compresses, 32 rolls; bandages, 59 rolls; 5 bundles of papers and magazines, 1 pound of hops, 53 pads, 13 fans, 2 neckties, 3 boxes 2 rolls and 1 sack of lint, 32 pounds of crackers, 6 pounds of dry toast, to dozen pickles, 4 quarts of vinegar, 18 jugs of canned fruit and pickles, 4 1/2 bushels of apples, 7 quarts of dried peaches, 23 quarts of elderberries, 14 quarts of dried cherries, 5 quarts of sweet corn, 3 quarts canned fruit, 13 bushels of potatoes, 2 1/2, bushels of onions, 1 bushel of beets, and one bushel of cabbage. Total estimated value, $225.31.

These societies were continually at work gathering and forwarding supplies, and never flagged in their efforts during the entire war. The good accomplished is beyond computation.

The following is the report of Mrs. J. E. Woodbridge, president of the Knox County Soldiers' Aid society, dated December 1, 1864:

In compliance with the request of the State authorities at Columbus, I herewith submit a report of the general operations of the Soldiers' Aid society of Mount Vernon, from its first organization up to the present time.

This Aid society was organized October 16, 1861, for hospital purposes, and is composed of ladies of Mount Vernon and vicinity, who constitute its working members.

The working members habitually meet one or more days in each week (as the urgency of the case requires) at their rooms, and devote the time to work in various ways.

Besides these stated meetings most of the members take materials to their homes and have it worked up, and manufactured into articles of comfort and utility for hospital purposes. During the first months of its organization and before the present State Sanitary commission was duly organized, the society

286 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

forwarded its supplies direct to different regiments and companies in the field at various points as their needs required.

They shipped large amounts to Western Virginia during the severe mountain service in the winter of 1861. After the State Sanitary commission began operations, our society generally cooperated with them and forwarded supplies to the Sanitary commission at Cincinnati, or their agents and State agents at various points.

Our society has been sustained very liberally by patriotic and devoted citizens from all parts of Knox county, especially during the first fifteen months which enabled us to ship during that time, large contributions of blankets, flannels, woollen socks, muslins, dry goods, and supplies of various kinds. Shipments often amounted to three thousand dollars at one time.

As the war wore on, and urgent calls were made from the army for sanitary supplies, the officers had to draw on their ingenuity to raise funds with which to purchase dry goods and material for manufacture. Public lectures, old folks' concerts, festivals, private canvassing and other modes of raising money have been in turn called into requisition to replenish our treasury and keep the society at work. The community responded liberally and our aims and efforts have been well sustained.

We cannot in this report give items and details for want of space; but from our books and records the society can now report an aggregate amount of about sixty thousand dollars' worth of property and supplies at fair valuations, which it has collected and forwarded to the army. The present valuation of said property would swell the amount to seventy-five thousand dollars.

The collection, handling, manufacturing, boxing, and shipping this amount and variety of property, although arduous and incessant, has been cheerfully performed by the members of the society, aided by a few noble-minded gentlemen.

The society has received generous contribution from all parts of the county, and especially from the noble men and women of Butler township, and from the branch societies of Mortis and Berlin townships. To these, and to the numerous clubs and individual contributors, who have stood by us and lent us their aid and influence, our society owes its thanks.

The noble band of ladies who composes the working membership of this society, are no less worthy, though they do not claim, the compliments of the community.

They have faithfully performed arduous labors, but with willing hands. They also, like most of our gallant soldiers, enlisted for "three years, or during the war," and as their three years of faithful service has but lately expired, they will not be mustered out, but have re-enlisted without draft, substitute, or bounty. They have become "veterans" in the good cause, and ask no further bounty than an approving conscience, and the continued aid and generosity of the community in furnishing funds and material to the society, that it may be enabled to do good in a good cause. MRS. J. E. WOODBRIDGE:,

President Knox County Soldiers' Aid Society.

The officers of the above society, besides Mrs. Woodbridge, were Mrs. N. N. Hill, vice-president; Mrs. Matilda Mills, treasurer; Mrs. T. E. Monroe, secretary; Miss Mary Woodbridge, corresponding secretary, and Mrs. Singer, Mrs. Hildreth, Mrs. Linsted, and Mrs. Tunison, directors.

In 1863, a society was formed by the young ladies of Mount Vernon, known as the "Young Ladies' Union League," the object of which was to secure funds for the erection of a monument to the momory of the soldiers and sailors of Knox county who gave their lives to the cause of the Union. This was the beginning of the operations which finally culminated in the erection of the present beautiful monument that graces the public square of Mt. Vernon.

Much energy was shown in the beginning of this enterprise, and a comparatively large sum of .money collected from different parts of the county. Milford township contributed very liberally through the labors and influence of Mr. Platt Beardsley and Captain Nathan Bostwick. About fifteen thousand dollars were wanted, but before the amount was subscribed the war ended, and with it much of the enthusiasm of the society; and the enterprise was, for some years, neglected. Upon the approach of the Centennial year the project was again revived and pushed to final success; the corner-stone of the monument being laid, with appropriate ceremonies, July 4, 1876. It is of Vermont granite, solid, beautiful, and an honor to the city and county. Rev. Dr. Muenscher's name is inseperably connected with the erection of this monument. It was through his personal influence and exertions, mainly, that it was finally completed. It cost about five thousand dollars.

Hon. Henry B. Curtis delivered the address at the laying of the corner-stone, and Hon. Columbus Delano at the unveiling of the monument July 4, 1877. Following is a list of articles deposited in the corner-stone:

Copies of the Bible; Declaration of Independence; Constitution of the United States and State of Ohio; names of the President and Vice-President of the United States; names of the members of the cabinet; officers of the State of Ohio and judges of the supreme court of Ohio; the names of the county officers of Knox county, and city officers of Mount Vernon;. names of the building committee, architect, and remarks of the chainnan of the building committee; copies of the Mount Vernon Democratic Banner, Mount Vernon Republican, Fredericktown Free Press, Gambier Argus, and the Orphans' Friend; programme of the dramatic representation of the "Honeymoon,"in the interest of the soldiers' monument; coins and fractional currency of the United States; programme of the day; names of the grand officers, as follows: Dr. J. N. Burr, past grand master; Edward Burson, R. W. deputy grand master, Thrall lodge, No. 170, Fredericktown, Ohio; William Dunbar, grand S. W.; Silas

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 287

Mitchell, grand J. W.; A. B. Hutchinson, grand S. D.; J. E. Hunt, grand J. D.; David Blystone, grand treasurer. Ohio lodge, No. 199, Bladensburg, Ghio; Samuel H. Peterman, grand secretary; Rev. J. A.. Kellam, grand chaplain, Thrall lodge, No. 170, Frederictown; E. W. Cotton, grand marshal; N. J. McGrew and J. B. Gains, grand stewarts; J. Cornell, grand Tyler, Cardington lodge, No. 384.

Following are the names of the soldiers who were buried in the Mount Vernon cemetery

Alfred Armstrong, George W. Anderson, Charles Bronson, James Blanchard, Edward A. Beam, William N. Beach, Lorin C. Beach, S. C. Bartlett, William Bates, Charles A. Bergen, George E. Browning, Jacob B. Brown, Henry S. Beam, A. Smith Bunn, H. R. Black, James C. Bennett, William Barriball, H. D. Brown, William S. Bergen, Edgar L. Bouidinot, Patrick Barry, J. Willet Beam, George Bergen, Thompson Cooper, Samuel C. Critchfield, Thomas Culberston, Peter Cullison, 0. W. Chamberlain, Peter Cady, William E. Doty, Henry Davis, Edwin Day, James Dunn, J. Warner Devoe, Samuel Elliott, Thomas Elder, Campbell Errett, John Fry, Henry Grad; Willis B. Green, - Green, Samuel W. Gribbon, Samuel H. Graham, George Orvill Hill, Thomas B. Hoey, W. W. Hickman, Thomas K. Hess, J. Monroe Haller, John Hildreth, Hicks, Surgeon C. A. Hood, Titus Hill, George W. Hank, Andrew Howard Haller, George Hildreth, H. A. Ingram. James C. Irvine, C. V. Johnson, Thomas J. Jacobs, W. S. Jordon, John E. Kirk, Michael Kelly, John Kilkenny, Henry Landerbaugh, Robert Lucas, Abraham W. Lippitt, James Martin, William A. McDowell, Bryant M. Murphy, James McGriffin, Dr. George McCreary, Benjamin McFadden, Thomas R. Plummer, D. L. Patrick, William Porter, Henry W. Payne, James D. Phifer, Robert Patrick, John L. Parke, John A. Peoples, John C. Ramsey, Leander Reed, Anthony B. Raymond, Thomas A. Stevenson, Francis Stratton, James Stoyle, Dr. Jacob Stamp, Captain Uzzel Stevens, Samuel Scarbrough, Patrick Sommers, Alfred Thayer, Robert T. Thompson, Thomas B. Taylor, Colonel Joseph W. Vance, Jonas Ward. Joseph Welsh, John T. Welsh, Jonathan Wilson, Huron Wilson, Jefferson J. Wolf.

Total, one hundred.

CHAPTER XXXII.

WAR OF THE REBELLION CONTINUED.

COMPANIES A AND B, FOURTH OHIO.

EXCITEMENT IN MT. VERNON-FIRST VOLUNTEERS IN KNOX

COUNTY- HOW LORIN ANDREWS BECAME COLONEL-OR-

GANIZATION OF COMPANIES A AND B-DEPARTURE OF

TROOPS-COMPOSITION OF THE FOURTH OHIO-LORIN AN-

DREWS-HENRY B. BANNING-ORGANIZATION OF THE

FOURTH OHIO-THREE MONTHS SERVICE-THREE YEARS

SERVICE-MUSTER ROLLS OF COMPANIES A AND B-A

SKETCH OF THE OPERATION OF THE REGIMENT TO THE

DATE OF MUSTER-OUT-RETURN OF THE REGIMENT -IN-

SCRIPTIONS ON ITS FLAG-ROSTER OF THE OFFICERS AND

MUSTER ROLL OF THE COMPANIES.

THE first contributions of Knox county to the War of the Rebellion were two companies, "A" and "B," which subsequently became a part of the Fourth Ohio regiment.

The people of Mt. Vernon well remember the wild excitement in the streets when the news came that Sumpter had been fired upon. The sound of those rebel guns did not die until it reverberated in every hill and valley, and grated upon the heartstrings of every patriot in the land. Only those who lived in those days can fully appreciate the tremendous effect, the great excitement, the outburst of patriotism, the mighty revolution in party and public feeling. The sound of the drum was heard daily on the public square, and the young life of the county sprang to arms as quickly and earnestly as if each household were in danger of immediate annihilation.

The first man to place his name upon that honored roll of heroes that went out from Knox county was. Mr. Israel Underst=ood, yet living in Mt. Vernon. Sixty-three others followed quickly, and in less than twenty-four hours after the first call for troops flashed over the wires sixty-four men were ready to march to the defence of the imperilled capital.

There is a little inside history connected with the formation of this company. Lorin Andrews, the honored president of Kenyon college, had enrolled his name, among the first, as a private of this company, ambitious to serve his country in any capacity. The governor of the State, however, recognizing his fitness for a high position, informed him that he should have a colonel's commission if he would raise a company. This promise Mr. An-

288 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

drews obtained while on a flying visit to Columbus. He was personally acquainted with the governor, and three months before Sumter was fired upon had written him, offering his services in case of war. He returned home with the intention of immediately raising a company, but meeting Mr. Underwood, with whom he was intimately acquainted, the latter made the generous offer to immediately turn over his company, then nearly ready to depart for Columbus, to Mr. Andrews. The latter hesitated for a time about accepting this generous offer, but finally did so and was elected its captain in place of Mr. Underwood. This company numbered one hundred and three men, when on the twentysecond of April, 1861, it was ready to depart for Columbus, and was styled the "Knox County Guards." Israel Underwood subsequently, through the influence of Colonel Andrews, became quartermaster of the Fourth Ohio. Upon the appointment of Andrews to the colonelcy of the regiment, James C. Irvine became captain, Leonard W. Carpenter first lieutenant and F. A. Coates second lieutenant of company A.

Meanwhile Henry B. Banning, of Mount Vernon, had been actively at work enlisting men, and the two companies were formed simultaneously, and were ready to depart for Columbus on the same day. Of this company (B) Henry B. Banning was elected captain; W. C. Cooper, first, and George Rogers, second lieutenant. Captain Banning's company numbered one hundred and thirteen men, both companies having more men than are allowed to an infantry company in the service. Thus it was that within a few days after the first call for troops two hundred and sixteen men organized and officered, marched down High street amid the cheers of assembled thousands, and boarded the train that was to convey them toward the scene of conflict, Thousands of people assembled at the depot to witness the departure of this, Knox county's first contribution to the great war. The students of Kenyon college, out of respect to their president, marched over from Gambier in a body to witness the departure. The crowd and excitement at the depot was beyond description. Mothers, wives, sisters and lovers, saying "goodbye" and "God bless you" with streaming eyes and full hearts, pale cheeks and trembling lips. People were not accustomed to war, it was a new experience, and made a lasting impression upon the minds of all present. Not many months elapsed until the arrival and departure of volunteers was an almost daily occurrence, and was looked upon as a matter of course, and was borne with that grim determination that comes of familiarity with suffering. Captain Banning's company was styled the "Union Guards." Nearly every company in those early days of the war, as soon as organized, received a name similar to the above, which soon, however, with much of the sentiment indulged in at first, passed away with the stern realities of war.

These two companies went into Camp Jackson near Columbus, where the Fourth Ohio was soon organized with the following companies:

A-Knox County Guards, Captain James Irvine.

B-Union Guards, Captain Henry B. Banning.

C-Delaware Guards, Captain James M. Crawford.

D-Hardin County Company, Captain George Weaver.

E-Given Guards, Captain James McMillen.

F-Canton Zouaves, Captain James Wallace.

G-Hardin Company, Captain J. S. Rohinson.

H-Marion Company, Captain E. B. Olmstead.

I-Olentangy Guards, Captain E. Powell.

K-Marion Company, Captain A. H. Brown.

Lorin Andrews was appointed colonel April 16, 1861; James Cantwell, lieutenant colonel, April 26, 1861; James H. God. man, major, April 26, 1861; H. H. McAbee, surgeon, May z, 1861, and J. T. Cantwell, assistant surgeon, May 1, 1861.

Some of the officers above named subsequently atiained to high positions, and acquired a national reputation. Henry B. Banning, now a resident of Cincinnati, became a brevet major general, as did also Captain James S. Robinson; and Major James H. Godman and Captain Eugene Powell became brevet brigadier generals.

As the history of the military services of the two companies from Mount Vernon is inseparable from that of the regiment, what follows is partly taken from Reid's "Ohio in the War" prefaced with the following sketches of two of the prominent men who went out with these companies, and who were both residents of Knox county at the date of enlistment.

Lorin Andrews was one of the earliest and costliest offerings of Ohio in the war. He was not permitted to develop fully his military ability, but there was no reason to doubt, from his known character, and his zeal in the distinguished posi-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 289

tions he had filled, that as a soldier he would have reached as high a rank as he had already won in civil life.

He was born in Ashland, county, Ohio, April 1, 1819. His early life was passed on his father's farm, and in obtaining a good common school education. He afterward took a collegiate course, and spent some time. in common school teaching. He became an efficient and intelligent laborer in the cause of common schools in Ohio, and was prominent as a leader of the movement for inaugurating many of the present excellent features of the present common school system. He was agent and "missionary" of the Ohio Teachers' association in 1851-2. In 1853 he was its choice for Slate school commissioner, and in 1854 he was its president.

At the height of his reputation and influence in the cause of general education, he was chosen to the presidency of Kenyon college. Bishop McIlvaine, in his funeral sermon, said of this appointment: "The condition of the college demanded just the qualities for which he was so distinguished -the talent for administration, a very sound judgment, a prompt and firm decision, united with a special drawing of. heart toward young men in the course of their education. All the highest expectations of his administration were more than fulfilled."

Of his entrance into the military service the bishop says: "When the first call of the President of the United States for quotas of volunteer troops from the several States was made, he was the first man in Ohio whose name Governor Dennison received. He did it for an example.

He sought no military distinction. He led to the camp a company of his neighbors, expecting only to be allowed to lead .them in the war. But his talents and character were appreciated, and he was placed in command of the regiment, the order and discipline of which soon became conspicuous, as also did his devotedness to the interest and comfort of his men."

When in June, 1861, the Fourth Ohio was changed from a three months' to a three years' regiment, he was retained as its colonel

His faithfulness in whatever position he was placed, united with his ability to master whatever he chose to learn, made him very soon an able and efficient commander and disciplinarian. He went with his command to western Virginia, where he soon fell a victim to the exposure incident to camp life.

In the beginning of his sickness he could not be prevailed upon to leave camp, saying: "My place is with my men;" but as he grew worse he was removed to Gambier, August 29th, where, amid the scenes of his labors, in the best years of his life, and among his weeping friends, he breathed his last, September 18, 1861. Thus did the country, at the threshold of its great struggle, the State of Ohio, the county of Knox, Kenyon college, and the community, lose one of their brightest ornaments, most noble patriots, and best of men.

General Banning will appear prominently in the narrative as it progresses, but it may be best to give here a brief sketch of his military career, that a better understanding may be had of what follows.

Henry B. Banning, the grandson of the Rev. Anthony Banning, and son of James and Eliza Banning, was born at Banning's Mills, near Mt. Vernon, November 10, 1834.

His mother, an accomplished Christian lady, superintended his early education, and subsequently he attended at the Clinton district school, the Mt. Vernon academy, and Kenyon college.

He remained at Kenyon but a short time, returned to his home and entered the office of Hosmer, Curtis, & Devin as a law student, and was admitted to the bar. When the war broke out he had acquired a good reputation as a lawyer, and was doing a good business in Mt. Vernon. In politics he was a Douglas Democrat.

His connection with the first call for troops has already been mentioned. In June, 1861, when the Fourth Ohio was reorganized for the three years' service, Captain Banning was re-elected captain of his company.

At this time Governor Dennison offered him a majority, in another regiment, but he declined it, saying his experience and military knowledge would not justify him in accepting the promotion.

He served with his company until the spring of 1862, taking part in the battles of Rich Mountain, Romney, Blue Gap (where his company captured a stand of rebel colors), Winchester and Cross Keys.

290 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Upon the recommendation of General Shields, Governor Tod appointed him major of the Fiftysecond Ohio. When he arrived at Columbus the regiment had gone to the field, and he was placed in command of the Eighty-seventh Ohio, a three months' regiment. At the expiration of the time of the Eighty-seventh, he was made lieutenant colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth, with which he served until the spring of 1863. He was then transferred to and made colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-first regiment, upon the petition of all the officers of the regiment. He spent about two months drilling and disciplining this regiment, which had been taken into the battle of Perryville, in the summer of 1;862, without discipline or drill, and armed with unserviceable arms, had won no enviable reputation. During this time he made it one of the best drilled and best disciplined regiments in the reserve corps of the army of the Cumberland. The glorious record of this regiment is given in full in another place in this work. Colonel Banning retained command of the One Hundred and Twenty-first during the Atlanta campaign, being at the battle of Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Rome, Kenesaw Mountain, Dallas, Peachtree Creek, and Jonesborough, as well as in many hard skirmishes, After the fall of Atlanta General Jefferson C. Davis, the commander of the Fourteenth corps, in his official report, recommended Colonel Banning for promotion to brevet brigadier general, for gallant and meritorious service during the Atlanta campaign. General George H. Thom- endorsed this recommendation and the brevet was issued.

In the battle of Nashville he served with his old commander, General James B. Steadman, where he distinguished himself, and was brevetted major general.

General Banning was placed in command of the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth regiment and served in the valley of Virginia in the spring and summer of 1865. He commanded the post of Alexandria, Virginia, until December, 1865, when he was mustered out of the service to take his seat as a member of the Ohio legislature to which he had been elected from this county.

General Banning's promotions were all fairly won upon the battle-field, and his military record, by the testimony of those who served under him is worthy of all praise.

The Fourth Ohio regiment was organized at Camp Jackson, Columbus,, April 25, 1861;. Onthe second of May the regiment moved to Camp Dennison, and on the fourth of the same month was mustered into the three months' service by Captain (afterwards major general) Gordon Granger, United States army. A few days thereafter the President's call for three years' men was made public, whereupon the majority of the men signified their willingness to enter the service for that period, and it was mustered in for three years, dating from June 5, 1861. The men, however, did not all enlist for three years, and Captains Banning and Carpenter; Lieutenants Lippitt and Gilman, and Sergeants Haller and Hill returned to Mount Vernon on recruiting service. Upon the reorganization for three years' service company A was officered as follows; Leonard W. Carpenter, captain; Foster A Coates, first lietenant, and Israel Underwood,- second lieutenant. Company B, Henry B. Banning, captain; John Green, first lieutenant, and A W. Lippitt, second lieutenant. Lieutenant Underwood was subsequently transferred to the quartermaster's department.

The following are the muster-out rolls of companies A and B, Fourth Ohio regiment, mustered into theservice June 5, 1861: *

COMPANY A.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Leonard W. Carpenter, June 5, '61.

Captain John Green.

Captain John R. Pritchard, July 28, '63.

First Lieutenant Foster A. Coates, June 5, '61.

First Lieutenant Samuel L. Brearly.

First Lieutenant William Welsh, December 14, '62.

Second Lieutenant Israel Underwood, Junes, '61.

Second Lieutenant Algernon Gilliam.

Second Lieutenant William F. Lynch, February 17, '63.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Allen Ingram, June 3, '61.

Sergeant John B. Wolverton, June 3, '61.

Sergeant John Roberts, June 3, '61.

Sergeant Homer G. McClelland, June 5, '61.

Sergeant John C. Dowling, June 3, '61.

Sergeant George O. Hill, June 5,'61.

Sergeant Isaiah C. Long, June 5, '61.

Sergeant James M. Haller, June 5, '61.

* These rolls were copied from muster-out rolls, and include those that were transferred, discharged, killed, died, and deserted, during the time the companies were in service.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 291

Sergeant James N. McGiffin, June 5, '61.

Sergeant Joseph W. Watkins, June 10, '61.

Corporal Henry G. Pollock, June 5, '61.

Corporal S. Rogers, June 5, '61.

Corporal Bernard Griffis, June 5, '61.

Corporal Jacob B. Brown, June 5, '61.

Corporal Jay D. Cooper, June 5, '61.

Corporal Samuel W. Magill, June 5, '61.

Corporal Henry P. Pyle, June 5, '61.

PRIVATES.

Bigbee, Robert E., June 5, '61.

Bell, Josiah G., Junes, '61.

Bronscombe. William, June 3, '61.

Bendle, William, June 5, '61.

Brollier, Williard J., June 5. '61.

Blue, Alexander V. R., June 5, '61.

Browning, George E., June 5, '61.

Briggs, John, June 5, '61.

Bunn, Addison S., June 5, '61.

Crawford, Henry, June 3, '61.

Cummins, James M., June 3, '61.

Church, Benjamin D., June 5, '61.

Corder, Elias, June 3, '61.

Church, Stephen D., June 5, '61.

Davy, Isaac, June 5, '61.

Discon, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Degrote, George H., June 5, '61.

Eggleston, Admiron, June 5, '61.

Erion, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Foss, Jefferson, June 5, '61.

Furlong, William D., June 5, '61.

Grimwood, William J., June 5, '61.

Gates, Lewis, April 1, '61.

Glaze, Columbus D., June 5, '61.

Hall, Richard A., June 6, '61.

Hull, James W., June 5, '61.

Hollbaugh, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Huntley, Emmons, June 5, '61.

Hargrove, Richard, June 5, '61.

Headington. Murry B., June 5, '61.

Hardin, Cornelius, June 5, '61.

Henry, Daniel J., June 5, '61.

Homer, Benjamin F., June 5, '61.

Hart, Samuel W., September 13, '61.

Jacob, Francis O., June 5, '61.

Kimball, Robert, June 5, '61.

Knode, Oliver C., June 5, '61.

Kerr, Robert W., June 5, '61.

Lawton, Austin. June 5, '61.

Langham, Alexander, June 5, '61.

Lybarger, George H., June 10, '61.

Logsdon, J. W., June 5, '61.

Minor, Benjamin D., June 3, '61.

Morris, William H., June 3, '61.

Mahaffey, Joseph, June 3, '61.

McKenzie, John L., October 19, '61.

McDowell, William E., June 5, '61.

Murphy, Marshall, June 5, '61.

McKenzie, William F., October 19, '61.

McGugin, William, June 3, '61.

McKenzie, Joseph C., June 3, '61.

Miller, Edward, June 5, '61.

McKenzie, Caleb, June 3, '61.

Montes, John, June 3, '61.

Nealy, William, February 8, '61.

O'Neal, Thomas J., June 5, '61.

O'Neal, John K., June 5, '61.

Pancost, Ohio, June 3, '61.

Phifer, Leroy, August 22, '61.

Peaks, John F., August 17, '61.

Parks, John L., June 5, '61.

Phifer, James W., June 5, '61.

Phifer, Eleazer P., June 5, '61.

Phillips, Emanuel, June 5, '61.

Powers, James L., February 2, '64.

Robinson, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Roberts, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Runyan, Charles H ,June 5, '61.

Russell, William, Tune 3, '61.

Scott, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Shalp, Thomas, June 5, '61.

Seacord, William, June 5, '61.

Smith, Henry, August 22, '61.

Thompson, Randall, June 3, '61.

Thompson, William H., June 5, '61.

Taylor, Adam H., June 5, '61.

Ward. Byron W., June 5, '61.

Welshymer, William. June 5, '61.

Whitworth, John T., June 5, '61.

Welsh, Zephaniah B., June 5, '61.

Wallace, Alfred B., August 22, '64.

White, John W., June 5, '61.

Yager, Joseph, June 5, '61.

Addler, Moses, June 5, '61.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry B. Banning. June 1, '61,

Captain John S. Jones, July 1, '62.

First Lieutenant John Green, June 1, '61.

First Lieutenant Bradford R. Durfee, June 6, '61.

First Lieutenant Israel Underwood, January 9, '62.

First Lieutenant William T. Patton, August 21, '62.

Second Lieutenant Abraham W. Lippett, June 1, '61.

Second Lieutenant George Brophy, February 23, '63.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant John Chander, June 1, '61.

Sergeant William T. Hart, June 1, 61.

Sergeant William White, June 5, '61.

Sergeant William Poland, June 5, '61.

Sergeant William H. Remmington, June 1, '61.

Sergeant William T. Patton, June 1, '61.

Sergeant George D. Bergen, June 1, '61.

Sergeant John M. Dunlap, June 1, '61.

Corporal Byron W. Evans, June 1, '61.

Sergeant John W. Gillespie, June 1, '61.

Sergeant Daniel A. Stinger, June 1, '61.

Sergeant Squire C. Young, June 1, '61.

Corporal John Conley, June 1, '61.

Corporal Archibald Scott, June 5, '61.

Corporal William Jones, June 5, '61.

Corporal Isaiah Kemball, June 5, '61.

292 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Corporal Dewalt Fulmer, June 1, '61.

Corporal John Debolt, June 5, '61.

Corporal Henry B. Gordon, June 1, '61.

Corporal Jesse Simms, June 5, '61,

Corporal Albert Barnes, June 5, '61.

Corporal Charles Bergen, June 5, '61.

Corporal Bryant M. Murphy, October 14, '61.

PRIVATES.

Alson, John, June 1, '61.

Armstrong, James, February 23, '64.

Ball, Plinney, June 5, '61,

Booze, Andrew J., June 5, '61.

Barnes, George W., June 5, '61

Beach, Franklin B., June 5, '61.

Barker, William H., June 5, '61.

Barnes, William T., June 5, '61.

Brown Henry D., June 5, '61.

Bush, Charles H., June 1, '61.

Beckholt, William, June 5, '61.

Beardsley, William, June 5, '61.

Barber, Aquilla, June 5, '61.

Boley, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Barker Joseph M., October 14, '61.

Clayton, Thomas C., June 1, '61.

Craven James W., June 5, '61.

Cassiday, Edward, June 5, '61.

Case, Wilbur, June 5, '61.

Craven, Malon T., June 5, '61.

Cline, John M., June 5, '61.

Covella, Alfred, June 1, '61.

Colgin, Frank, June 5, '61.

Clayton, Nelson E., December 25, '61.

Davis, William, June 5, '61.

Davis, John W., June 5, '61.

Dunn, Michael, August 22, '63.

Earl, Samuel, June 1. '61.

Evens, Andrew, March 31, '61.

Fletcher, Jacob, June 1, '61.

Fry, Martin, June 5, '61.

Foot, Burnley, June 5, '61.

Glasscock, Valentine, June 1, '61.

Galbreath, George W., October 12, '61.

Graft, Henry, June 1, '61.

Graham, Archie, February 19, '62.

Hutchison, Leander, June 5, '61.

Hunt, Milton, June 5, '61.

Hooler, Jacob, June 5, '61.

Hull, Joseph, August 20, '61.

Herrington, J. W., June 5, '61.

Hoye, William, June 5, '61.

Johnson, William, June 5, '61.

Jackson, William, June 5, '61.

Jewels, Lewis, February 22. '61.

Kile, William, June 5, '61.

Lyons, Albert, June 5, '61.

Lucas, Elisha, June 5, '61.

Litsenburgh, George, June 5, '61.

Kibler, Joseph, June 5, '61.

Mantonya, Alonzo M., June 5, '61.

Morey, Loring, June 5, '61.

McCune, Thomas, June 5, '61.

McDonald, Ronald, June 5, '61.

Myers, David, Junes, '61.

Millhoon, Gustavus, June 5, '61.

McHorton, Francis, June 5, '61.

Michaels, George, October 12, '61.

Niscon, William, June 5, '61.

Parks, Gilbert M., June 1, '61.

Patterson, Hutchison, October 15, '61.

Pritchard, William T., February 20, '64.

Pay, William, January 5, '61.

Pinkerton, Benjamin, January 5, '61.

Ross, Jacob, February 20, '64.

Russell, Thomas J., March 31, '64.

Robinson, Henry H.. June 5, 1861.

(All the remainder of the list - enlisted June 5, 1861)

Robinson, Phillip,

Rial, John,

Rockwell, William,

Rockwell, Lewis,

Rowley, Simon,

Stoughton, Omar,

Stump, James B.,

Shafer, B. F.,

Shank, T. L.,

Shaffer, Thomas H.,

Sebring, Robert,

Seymore, Henry S.,

Shipp, William,

Stinger, Daniel A.,

Shafer, A. H.,

Sanford, Josiah H.,

Sapp, Joseph R.,

Shafer, Isaac,

Shaffer, Layman,

Seymore, Charles F.,

Stephens, William,

Smith, Charles,

Sargent, George H.,

Trimble, Thomas E.,

Taylor, Hezekiah

Updyke, Edgar,

Van Vorhes, W. O..

Wilcox, Edward,

Wilcox, George,

Waldron, Lucas,

Worley, Douglass,

June 25, 1861, the regiment left Camp Dennison for Western Virginia, arriving at Grafton on the twenty-third, moving through Clarksburgh and Buchannan, it arrived at Rich Mountain on the ninth of July, but did not participate actively in that engagement, being held as a support for the skirmishers.

On the twelfth of July the regiment joined in the pursuit of the enemy, going to Beverly, Virginia, where it went into camp and rested for a day. On the thirteenth six companies of the regiment under Colonel Andrews moved with the main column of General McClelland's forces to Huttons-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 293

ville. The other four companies under Lieutenant Colonel Cantwell, remained at Beverly in charge of six hundred rebel prisoners until they were paroled. On the fourteenth the six companies moved to the summit of Cheat mountain, but on the sixteenth returned to Beverly, where they remained until the twenty-third, when they took the cars for New Creek, arriving there July 28th On the seventh of August they marched to Pendleton, Maryland.

The first skirmish with the rebels in which either of the Mt. Vernon companies was engaged, was at Petersburgh, Virginia, September 7, 1861. News having reached their camp at Pendleton, that a force of the enemy was at Petersburgh, companies A, F, and K, were detached under Major Godman with orders to attack the rebels. The detachment left camp about one o'clock at night, and when about three miles out, had a skirmish with a rebel outpost. At Petersburgh they met a very superior force of the enemy, and Major Godman fell back until reenforced, when he again advanced and drove the enemy from the place, capturing a large quantity of provisions, animals, and some prisoners. One man, only, was wounded in this affair. Their next skirmish was at Romney, Virginia, September 24, 1861. Lieutenant Colonel Cantwell with six companies of the regiment, including companies A and B, one piece of artillery, seventy-five of Ringold's cavalry and about four hundred of the Eighth Ohio under Colonel Parke, moved against this place, driving the enemy from a strong position at Mechanicsburgh Gap, and advancing on Romney drove the enemy before him with a loss of thirty-two men wounded.

Colonel Andrews having died at his. home in Gambier, Captain John S. Mason, of the United States regulars, was appointed colonel of the regiment, and took command , October fourteenth. This appointment was not, at first, satisfactory to the regiment, but Colonel Mason proved himself a brave and able officer, and soon became a very acceptable commander. He remained with the regiment until after the battle at Fredericksburgh, when his health failing, he was compelled to withdraw from active service.

October 25th the Fourth Ohio marched to New Creek, Virginia, where it joined General Kelly's command, and on the next day moved to Romney. The rebels were again driven from that place and all their baggage, two pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners captured. After this affair Lieutenant Colonel Cantwell was promoted to colonel and transferred to the Eighty-second regiment, and was killed while gallantly leading his men in one of the battles on the Rappahannock, August 29, 1862.

Romney was occupied until January 7, 1862, when the regiment under Colonel Mason moved on the rebels at Blue's Gap, sixteen miles from Romney, surprised and drove them from a fortified position, capturing all their camp equippage and two pieces of artillery.

Romney was evacuated January 10th, and the regiment transferred to Patterson's creek, on the north branch of the Potomac; and thence, February 9th, to Pawpaw tunnel on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. March 1st the regiment moved toward Winchester under Brigadier General Lander, but, hearing of his death the next day, it returned to Pawpaw tunnel, remaining there until March 7th. On that day it took the cars for Martinsburgh, and arrived there on the ninth. On the eleventh it moved toward Winchester, to find on its arrival that the enemy had vacated it the day previous.

Making Winchester its base, detachments of the regiment were sent out in different directions until the night of March 23d, when it was reassembled at Winchester, and on the twenty-fourth started in pursuit of Stonewall Jackson, who had been defeated at Kernstown on the day previous. The enemy was pursued as far as Strasburgh, where the regiment remained until the night of March 30th, when it moved to Edenburgh, in the valley. April 17th the regiment again moved to New Market, skirmishing by the way. On the twenty-seventh it moved to Moore's farm, five miles from Harrisonburgh, where it remained in Camp until May 9th, when it again returned to New Market.

On the twelfth of May the regiment marched via Luray, Front Royal, Chester Gap, Warrenton, and Catlett's Station, for Fredricksburgh, Virginia, to join McDowell's corps, arriving there May 22d. The next day the regiment was ordered back to the valley via Manassas Junction. It reached Front Royal on the thirtieth, drove the enemy from that

294 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

place, and captured a large quantity of amunition, supplies, and a number of prisoners. On the third of June it moved toward Luray, reaching that place on the seventh. From this point a forced march was made by the brigade for Port Republic, reaching there in time to cover the retreat of the National forces.

It was during this month that Captain Banning was made colonel of the eighty-seventh. His old company (B) passed appropriate resolutions, and presented him with a saddle and bridle and a pair of revolvers.

After marching and counter-marching around Luray and Front Royal until the twenty-ninth of June, the regiment went by rail to Alexandria, from whence it embarked for the Peninsula, arriving at Harrison's Landing on the first of July. It remain ed at this place until August 15th, and was the last regiment to leave Harrison's Landing on its evacuation by the army of the Potomac.

It marched via Charles City Court House, Williamsburgh, and Yorktown to Newport News, and on the twenty-fourth of August embarked for Aquia Creek and Alexandria, reaching the latter place August 27th. On the twenty-ninth the regiment marched to Centerville, and -on the first of September returned to Fairfax Court House. On the second it marched to Fort Gaines, District Columbia, and from thence to Harper's Ferry via the Baltimore & Ohio railroad. On the first of October the regiment marched to Leesburgh via Waterford, returning to Harper's Ferry on the second. On the fourth it marched to Halltown, coming back to Harper's Ferry on the sixth. October 30th the regiment broke camp and crossed the Shenandoah. November 1st it marched to Gregory's gap, thence through Smucker's and Ashby's gaps to Rectortown and Richmond; thence to Salem, Warrenton, and Fremont, Virginia, where it remained in camp until the twelfth of September, at which time, under command of Colonel Mason, it crossed the Rapidan into Fredericksburgh, and was thrown to the front as skirmishers, holding that position until the next day, December 13th, when the desperate charge was made through the streets of Fredericksburgh. It received the first fire of the rebel artillery on the right of the National line. This was a desperate and bloody battle for the Fourth Ohio, and its losses were very severe; five officers and forty-three enlisted men, out of one hundred and fifteen engaged, were either killed or wounded. The regiment re-crossed the river in the night, with the retreat of the National forces, and occupied its old camp at Falmouth.

The regiment continued in camp at Falmouth until April 28th, when it participated in Hooker's remarkable movement on Chancellorsville. On the third of May the regiment engaged the enemy, and captured one stand of colors and over one hundred prisoners, among whom were nine commissioned officers. It lost in killed and wounded seventy-eight out of three hundred and fifty-two engaged. On the sixth of May the regiment moved back to their old camp at Falmouth.

In this severe battle (Chancellorsville) the losses in company A were Charles A. Runyan, killed; Bernard Griffis, Austen Lawton, Byron Ward, Francis O. Jacobs and Robert Kimball, wounded. In company B Thomas Shaffer, killed; Gilbert M. Parks, George Wilcox, Plinney Ball, Valentine Glasscock, George H. Sargents, Archibald Scott, George Michaels, O. L. Stoughton and F. G. Beach, wounded.

June 14th the line of march was resumed toward Pennsylvania, in consequence of the rebel army under Lee having invaded that State. Gainesville, Virginia, was reached on the twentieth, when a halt was made until the twenty-fifth. The next day the Potomac was crossed at Edward's Ferry, and, passing through Frederick, Uniontown was reached on the twentieth, and Gettysburgh, Pennsylvania, on the first of July, where the regiment took part in that great battle. It was one of the three regiments that drove the rebels from Cemetery Hill, after they had driven part of the Eleventh corps from the field, and had gained possession of two of our batteries. Generals Hancock, Howard and Gibbon, and other prominent generals witnessed this charge and gave it their highest commendation. The Fourth Ohio lost in this engagement three commissioned officers and thirty-four enlisted men killed and wounded.

After the battle the regiment with its brigade and division marched in pursuit of the flying rebels, passing through Frederick City; and thence through Crampton's gap of the South mountain,

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 295

crossing the Potomac at Harper's Ferry, July 18th, marching through Smucker's gap, Woodbury, Bloomfield, and Upperville, to Markham and Manassas gap; thence to Salem and White Plains, Warrenton Junction, Elk Run, Kelley's ford on the Rappahannock, returning to Elk Run on the first of August. Here it remained until the sixteenth of August, when it moved to Bealton Station, and took the cars for Alexandria, Virginia. On the twentieth of August the regiment embarked for New York, arriving in that city on the twenty-third. The riotous spirit prevailing in that city having subsided, the troops were removed, and on the twenty-sixth of August the Fourth moved to Jamaica, Long Island, near the city, in order that they might be on hand in case of further outbreak.

September 6th the regiment took passage at New York for Alexandria, Virginia, arriving there on the eleventh. Again a series of marches commenced, embracing Fairfax Court House, Bristoe Station, Bealton, Brandy Station, Cedar Mountain and Robinson's run, arriving at the latter place on the seventeenth of September, and remaining until October 6th. It then moved to Culpeper Court House; thence to Bealton Station; thence to Auburn; thence to Bristoe Station, where it had a skirmish with the enemy. After this came another series of marches in a circle until, on the twenty-sixth of September, the regiment crossed the Rapidan at Germania ford, and on the twenty-seventh, at Robinson's Cross Roads, it had a brisk skirmish with the enemy, with a loss of twenty-eight men killed and wounded. On the first of December the regiment went into winter quarters near Stevensburgh, Virginia.

February 6th, the regiment moved to Morton's ford on the Rapidan, crossed the river, had a skirmish with the enemy, and lost seventeen men wounded; re-crossed the river on the seventh, and returned to camp near Stevensburgh, Virginia, where it remained until the latter part of August, when it removed with the forces of General Grant, participating in the skirmishes and engagements of that arduous campaign, until in the early part of September, the term of enlistment of the. main part of the regiment having expired, it was mustered out of the service as a regiment. Those who had re-enlisted as veterans were retained and organized into a battalion, called the Fourth Ohio battalion. This remainder of the Fourth was placed on duty in and around Washington city, and continued in that locality until the final muster out during the closing scenes of the war.

The Fourth marched one thousand nine hundred and seventy-five miles, and travelled by railroad and transport two thousand two hundred and neventy-nine miles, making an aggregate of four thousand two hundred and fifty-four miles travelled. Throughout its career it maintained its efficiency, discipline and good conduct on every battle-field.

A Columbus paper of June 14, 1864, says:

This old and gallant regiment (the Fourth Ohio), or rather what is left of it, arrived in this city Saturday night under command of Colonel L. W. Carpenter. It has done good and noble service for the country. In the battles in which this regiment was engaged prior to General Grant taking command of the army, it had dwindled down to tour hundred men. In the last battles they were in (Grant's campaign in '64) they went in with three hundred men, and came out with just ninety-one, and part of these wounded.

The few battle-scarred veterans that entered Mt. Vernon in June, 1864-the remnant of the two full companies of bright, vigorous, noble young men that marched away from here more than three years before were tendered a reception by the ladies of Mt Vernon. At the banquet which followed, speeches were made by Hon. Columbus Delano and other citizens; but no words can adequately portray the sadness caused by the thought that these were the last of that noble band. The remainder of the Fourth Ohio (Fourth Ohio battalion) was mustered out in January, 1866.

Upon the return of the first remnant of the regiment in June, 1864, the battle flag of the Fourth Ohio was turned over to Governor Brough by Captain George F. Laird. The following inscriptions were placed upon it:

Romney, Blue's Gap, Front Royal. Harrison's Landing, Fredericksburgh, Chancellorsville, Gettysburgh, Bristoe, Mine Run, Norton's Ford, The Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Po River, North Anna River, Prospect Hill. and Cold Harbor.

The following is a roster of the Knox county officers of companies A and B, Fourth Ohio regiment, with date of muster into service.

COMPANY A.

Captain James C:. Irvine, April 27, '61; three months service

Captain Leonard W. Carpenter, June 4, '61; promoted to major.

296 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Captain Foster A. Coats, June 11, '62; honorably discharged October 15, '62.

First Lieutenant Foster A. Coats, June 4, '61; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant William Welch, December 7, '62; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant George Orville Hill, January 10, '63; honorably discharged November 28, '63.

Second Lieutenant George Orville Hill, December 7, '62; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant William F. Lynch, January 7,'62; resigned.

COMPANY B.

Captain Henry B. Banning, April 20, '61; tbree months' service.

Captain Henry $. Banning, June 1, '61; promoted.

Captain John Green, June 1, '62; promoted April 17, '63.

Captain Israel Underwood, November 6, '62; declined promotion-made quartermaster.

First Lieutenant John Green, June 4, '61; promoted to captain June 11, '62.

First Lieutenant Israel Underwood January 9, '62; made quartermaster.

First Lieutenant A. W. Lippett, January 9, '62; died December 26, '62.

First Lieutenant William T. Patten, August 31, '62; mustered out.

First Lieutenant George Brophy, March 1, '63; mustered out.

First Lieutenant John Dunlap, April 1, '63; commission revoked.

Second Lieutenant Israel Underwood, June 4, '61; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant A. W. Lippett, June 4, '61; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant William T. Patten, January 9, '62; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant Joseph Watkins, January 1, '63; mustered out.

CHAPTER XXXIII.

WAR OF THE REBELLION.-CONTINUED.

COMPANIES A, E, AND G, TWENTIETH OHIO REGIMENT-

ORGANIZATION OF THREE COMPANIES IN KNOX COUNTY-

ROSTER OF THE OFFICERS AND MUSTER ROLLS OF COM-

PANIES-EXPEDITION TO WARSAW, KENTUCKY-OPERA-

TIONS OFTHE REGIMENT DURING THE WAR, MUSTER-OUT

AND RETURN -INSCRIPTIONS ON ITS BANNERS-MEDALS

AWARDED.

THE Twentieth Ohio volunteer infantry was organized in the spring of 1861, and entered the three months' service, but as Knox county was not represented in this regiment at that time, it is not within the province of this chapter to speak o that service.

Upon the reorganization of the regiment for the three years' service, during the first days of October, 1861, more than three companies from this county were attached to it. Companies A, E, and G, were nearly all from this county; also a part of company I, and a few others from the county were scattered through other companies of the regiment.

Company A was recruited partly in Chesterville and vicinity, and partly in Fredericktown and vicinity, by Dr. Elisha Hiatt of the former place, who became captain, and William Rogers and L. N. Ayres, of Fredericktown, who became first and second lieutenants, respectively. The company numbered one hundred and thirteen men. The surplus was subsequently attached to company I,

About the same time (August, 1861), George Rogers, of Mount Vernon, and John N. Cassell, of Fredericktown, began recruiting, and soon had about one hundred men each. Captain Cassel was very materially assisted in recruiting his company by Nathan Bostwick, who subsequently became second lieutenant of the company.

Dr. Hiatt's company was presented with a beautiful silk flag by the ladies of Fredericktown, upon its departure from that place. These two companies rendezvoused at Camp Chase late in September, 1861; and soon after were sent to Camp King, near Covington, Kentucky, where, on the twenty-first of October, the regiment was organized.

This regiment was fortunate in having some of the very best officers in the service, and it became, in consequence, one of the most efficient. Charles Whittlesey, its colonel, was a West Point graduate, an eminent engineer, geologist, and student. Its lieutenant colonel, Manning F. Force, was a lawyer of Cincinnati, a gentleman, a scholar, a soldier, and subsequently became brigadier general.

Following is a roster of the officers from Knox county in this regiment, and the muster rolls of companies A, E, and G, with the date of muster into service:

COMPANY A.

Captain Elisha Hiatt, September 3, 1861; resigned February 22, 1862.

Captain William Rogers, February 9, 1862; resigned April 26, 1862.

Captain Lyman N. Ayres, November 14, 1862; mustered out December 18, 1864.

First Lieutenant William Rogers, September 3, 1861; promoted to captain.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 297

First Lieutenant Lyman N. Ayres, Febntary 22, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant John G. Stevenson, April 20, 1863; mustered out December 18,1864.

Second Lieutenant Lyman N. Ayers, September 3, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant February 22, 1862.

COMPANY E.

Captain George Rogers, September 4, 1861; resigned February 16, 1863; subsequently colonel of Fourth United States colored regiment.

Captain W. H. Jacobs, April 19, 1863; mustered out November 5, 1865.

First Lieutenant Benjamin A. F. Greer, September 4, 1861; promoted to captain company B.

First Lieutenant William H. Jacobs. April 19, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant George Thoma, June 11, 1865; mustered out with the regiment.

Second Lieutenant William H. Jacobs, September 10, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant John G. Stevenson, January 28, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant and quartermaster.

COMPANY G.

Captain John N. Cassell, September 4, 1861; resigned January 5, 1863.

Captain George L. Mellick, December 3, 1862; died October 20, 1863.

Captain Nathan Bostwick, January 1, 1864; promoted major

Captain Samuel J. Hasler, January 6, '65; declined promotion.

Captain Joshua Clark, January 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment.

First Lieutenant George L. Mellick, September 7, 1861; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant Nathan Bostwick, April 24, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant Samuel J. Hasler, April 20, 1863; mustered out.

First Lieutenant Jesse L. Felt, June 11, 1865; mustered out with regiment.

Second Lieutenant Nathan Bostwick, October 18, 1861; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second lieutenant Samuel J. Hasler, April 8, 1863; promoted to first lieutenant.

COMPANY I.

Captain W. L. Waddell, April 22, 1864; mustered out with regiment.

First Lieutenant N. C. Waddell, December 3, 1862; promoted to captain.

First Lieutenant William L. Barrington, June 11, 1865; promoted to captain.

Second Lieutenant N. L. Waddell, February 11, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant.

Second Lieutenant William Rush, December 3, 1862; promoted to first lieutenant.

Muster roll of company A, Twentieth Ohio regiment, mustered into service September 14, 1861:

(All men enlisted September 3, 1861)

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Elisha Hiatt, date of enlistment September 3, 1861.

First Lieutenant William Rogers, " "

Second Lieutenant, Lyman N. Ayres, " "

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Peter Weatherby,

Sergeant William W. McCracken,

Sergeant John B. Aringdah,

Sergeant Christian W. McCracken,

Sergeant Charles H. Dalrymple,

Corporal Abner P. Lefever,

Corporal James E. McCracken,

Corporal William A. Brown,

Corporal Russel B. Conant,

Corporal William B. McMahon,

Corporal Isaac Cassell,

Corporal William Allison,

Corporal Andrew J. Strong,

Wagoner, Aaron V. Lambert,

PRIVATES.

Allen, Ira B., date of enlistment, September 3, 1861.

Ayres, Van B.,

Bryant, Mitchel,

Barry, Edwin,

Blackburn, William,

Berkholder, Henry C.,

Ball, James W.,

Brown, Thomas,

Bird, Charles E.,

Bailey, Thomas E.,

Brocaw, Abram,

Brollies, Jacob.

Blackburn, Wilbur,

Chancey, Corryden,

Crill, William,

Couter, Jacob,

Condon, John T.,

Carpenter, Joseph,

Cassell, Levi,

Clink, James,

Colony, Erastus,

Dyer, Archibald,

Devoe, Edward,

Dunn, David H.,

Davis, Arnold,

Ebersole, George W.,

Everts, Levi B.,

Foot, Wilber,

Fogle, Robert M.,

Gibson, A.,

Gallagher, Caleb W.,

Gordon, Joseph,

Hawk, John R.,

Hotchkiss, Charles W.,

Howe, Joel,

Harris, Daniel,

Harris, Ephraim,

Hobbs, Madison,

Hartwell, Oliver C.,

Haden, Joseph,

Isenbarg, Jacob,

Jones, Henry G.,

James, David B.,

Johnson, James H.,

Johnson, Jesse,

298 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Kinney, W. H., date of enlistment, September 3, 1861.

Lidderdale, William,

Lion, Baker W.,

Lambert, Curtis J.,

Melick, Jesse,

McGaughey, Alexander L.,

Miller, Absalom,

Miller, James L,

Needles, Alexander I.,

Pollock, John,

Pollock, Edwin W.,

Pears, John S.,

Royce, James M.,

Rigby, Lucian,

Runyan, Johnson J.,

Rigby, Major,

Runyan, Malan T.,

Ransom, Gavin M.,

Randall, John D.,

Rowley, Artemus C.,

States, Benjamin F.,

Skillman, Abram,

Sams, Joseph,

Seely, Andrew J.,

Swaney, James,

Thrift, Thomas B.,

Turner, John M.,

Trump, George M.,

Taylor, Samuel,

Weider, Adam C.,

Walker, Benjamin F.,

Walters, John W.,

Wensel, Aaron L.,

Wright, Lester,

Winterbottom, Edward S.,

Waterfall, Samuel,

Whitney, Milton,

Muster roll of company E, Twentieth Ohio regiment, mustered into the service October 15, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain George Rogers, September 4, 1861.

First Lieutenant Benjamin A. F. Greer, September 4, '61.

Second Lieutenant William H. Jacobs, September l0, '61.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER.

First Sergeant Selby Byron, September 4, '61.

PRIVATES.

Atherton, William, October 1, '61.

Ashton, Silas, October 14, '61.

Beaver, Morgan, September 20, '61.

Bigbee, William, September 20, '61.

Baker, Leroy C., October 1, '61.

Bennett, John B., September 19, '61.

Bumpus, Alexander, October 1, '61.

Boyd, George, October 14, '61.

Canavan, John, September 16, '61.

Clark, William H., September 20, '61.

Coram, John, October 1, '61.

Davis, Henry M., September 6, '61.

Dudew, Daniel, September 6, '61.

Dowds, Elijah P., September 20, '61.

Elder, Frank, October 1, '61.

Elder, Clifford O., October 10, '61.

Felt, Jesse S., October 20, '61.

Frazier, Abram, September 20, '61.

Fowler, John, September 30, '61.

Fiddler. Charles, October 5, '61.

Farnham, E. B., October 12, '61.

Hersch, Peter, September 20, '61.

Hagarman, Amos, September 20, '61.

Hartsook, Engelbert, September 20, '61.

Hogland, Solomon, October 10, '61.

Jones, George B., October 1, '61.

Kelley, Caleb J. McN., October 1, '61.

Knox, Edward, October 15, '61.

Kenzie, William, September 20, '61.

Knox, Charles, October 1, '61.

Ligget, Thomas, September 20, '61.

Lee, Alexander, September 20, '61. ]

Lafever, William P., September, 20, '61.

Long, George M., October 15, '61.

Linstead, Henry, October 15, '61.

Miller, William H. H., October 1, '61.

McClerg, Albert, September 20, '61.

McKee, Squire, September 20, '61.

McMahan, Joseph, October 1, '61.

Miller, Hiram W., October 1, '61.

Mowry, David, October 5, '61.

Norick, Lot, September 20, '61.

Oldroid, Osbern H., October 15, '61.

Oury, Silas, October 1, '61.

Oury, George, October 1,'61.

Picard, Richard, October 1, '61.

Robinson, William R., October 1, '61.

Robinson, Alonzo, October 15, '61.

Russell, Cornelius, October 15, '61.

Ross, William, October 5, '61.

Stevenson, John D. Septcmber 4, '61.

Smith, Henry, September 20, '61.

Swales, Charles W., September 20, '61.

Swales, Darius R., September 20, '61.

Smith, Silas, September 20, '61.

Sapp, Napoleon M., September 20, '61.

Speakman, Thomas, September 20, '61.

Sapp, John A., October 1, '61.

Shiner, John H., October 1, '61.

Stull, Philip, October 1, '61.

Stoughton, Nathaniel, October 5, '61.

Shadrack, Oliver K., October 5, '61.

Taylor, William D., October 5, '61.

Tucker, Charles, September 20, '61.

Trott, William, September 20, '61.

Thomas, George, October 1, '61.

Thomas, James, October 15, '61.

Van Buskirk, Johnson, September l0, '61.

Walker, Charles R., September 4, '61.

Workman, Wilson, September 20, '61.

Williams, Henry M., September 4, '61.

Waddle, William L., September 4, '61.

Wiggins, Warren, September 20, '61.

Waltz, Thomas, October 15, '61.

Waddle, James H., October 15, '61.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 299

Waltz, Obediah, September 20, '61.

Wiggins, John, October 15, '61.

Welker, Simon, October 5, '61.

Yarnell, Thomas, September 20, '61.

'The following is the muster-out roll of company G, Twentieth Ohio regiment, mustered into the service November 18, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain John N. Cassell, September 4, 1861.

First Lieutenant George L. Mehick, September 7, '61.

Second Lieutenant Nathan Bostwick, October 18, '61.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Edwin C. Day, September 10, '61.

Sergeant Samuel H. Davis, September 9, '61.

Sergeant Julius C. Bostwick, October 19, '61.

Sergeant Joshua E. Clark, September 24, '61.

Sergeant Eli C. Hollister, October 21, '61.

Corporal Curtis W. Powell, September 21, '61.

Corporal William S. Phillips, September 9, '61.

Corporal Philip A. Bronscom, September 21, '61.

Corporal George F. Bostwick, November 15, '61.

Corporal William A. Phillips, September 24, '61.

Corporal Caleb Leidey, October 25, '61.

Corporal Charles F. Cochran, September 24, '61.

Corporal Joseph A. Robison, November 4, '61.

PRIVATES.

Arnold, Edwin T., November 4, '61.

Brown, Lewis, September 15, '61.

Barrible, William, September 29, '61.

Batch, William G., September 17, '61.

Bartlett, George V., October 31, '61.

Beardsley, Charles, November 2, '61.

Chambers, Merrett, October 19, '61.

Case, Elisha W., November 1, '61.

Camp, Curtis H., September 9, '61.

Cochran, George M., September 24, '61.

Cochran, Josiah, September 14, '61.

Coffing, John W., September 9, '61.

Darling, John, September 9, '61.

Duncan, George, September 29, '61.

Dunn, David H., October 10, '61.

Dunn, James, September 23, '61.

Davis, Robert, October 10, '61.

Davis, Isaac S., October 25, '61.

Ewers, Thomas G., September 22, '61.

Fry, John D., September 14, '61.

Fox, John, September 9, '61.

Frazier, John, October 10, '61.

Fishburn, Josiah, October 21, '61.

Grimes, James, September 9, '61.

Halter, Newton S., September 21, '61.

Hunt, Richard C., September 14, '61.

Huntsberry, Urius, September 14, '61.

Hirsh, John, November 7, '61.

Hassler, Samuel J., October 21, '61.

Hunt, David, October 25, '61.

Hunt, Leroy, October 21, '61.

Hull, Calvin C., October 19, '61.

Johnson, C. V., September 21, '61.

Lockwood, Henry H., September 14, '61.

Lockwood, Eliakim, September 14, '61.

Lewis, David F., September 14, '61.

Larmer, Henry, September 15, '61.

Larmer, Franklin C., October 19, '61.

Larmer, Robert A., October 19, '61.

Lamson, David M., October 19, '61.

Manson, William C., October 19, '61.

Merihew, John L., September 10, '61.

Manning, S. A., November 7, '61.

Milt, Enoch, September 9, '61.

Newton, William, November 4, '61.

Phillips, Joseph, September 9, '61.

Porter, George, September 27, '61.

Pitkin, John G., October 19, '61.

Poland, Edwin G., November 2, '61.

Ransom, Thomas L., September 9, '61.

Reeder, Aaron M., September 7, '61.

Rolland, Joseph, September 15, '61.

Rush, Ezekiel B., October 19, '61.

Redman, Samuel, November 15, '61.

Smith, Jonathan, October 23, '61.

Smith, William C., October 23, '61.

Smith, Marion S., September 27, '61.

Simon, James H., September 27, '61.

Stilley, Benjamin F., September 17, '61.

Singer, Gilbert, September 27, '61.

Stinmates, Richard, October 21, '61.

Speelman, Lewis, October 18, '61.

Tarr, Alexander B., September 14, '61.

Vance, John, September 10, '61.

Woods, David W., September 14, '61.

Whitman, William H., September 10, '61.

White, Joseph, September 17, '61

White, Romayne, September 27, '61.

Woodward, William W., October 20, '61.

Watson, John, October 23, '61.

During the winter of 1861-2 the regiment was engaged in guarding several batteries in rear of Covington and Newport. Four companies, including companies A and G, were sent during the winter into an insurrectionary district near Warsaw, Kentucky. While on this service company G, Captain Cassell and Lieutenant Bostwick, had the pleasure of organizing and conducting a secret expedition with sixty picked men. They were absent several days,' and succeeded in capturing a score or more noted and influential secessionists and bringing them prisoners to camp, where they were given a fair trial and sent north as prisoners.

On the eleventh of February, 1862, the entire regiment, except company K, embarked on steamers for the Cumberland river.

The Twentieth arrived at Fort Donelson on the evening of February 14th and was under fire to some extent on the fifteenth. It marched to the ex-

300 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

treme right of the army, was placed in reserve, and was compelled to stand the severe test of seeing crowds of stragglers falling back from the front and in being forced to hear their wild reports of disaster and defeat; but notwithstanding these discouragements the regiment passed through its first real battle with no little credit to every man. After the battle the regiment was sent north with the prisoners, and became scattered all over the land. Lieutenant Bostwick, in command of company G, escorted eleven hundred rebel prisoners to St. Louis, from which place, in company with a portion of company C, they escorted all the officers captured at Fort Donelson to Camp Chase, thence to New York and Boston.

The regiment was again brought together in March, and on April 6th while in camp near Adamsville, heard the booming of the guns at Pittsburgh Landing, and at 3 o'clock P. M. of that day they marched to the field, going into position on the right of the army, and passing a comfortless night in the rain. The regiment participated in the next day's battle with considerable loss and is fully entitled to share the glory of the victory. It was commanded during the engagement by Lieutenant Colonel Force, Colonel Whittlesey being in command of a brigade. During the advance on Corinth the Twentieth remained on duty at Pittsburgh Landing. Death and sickness held a carnival in its camp, and it was acustomed to appear on parade with scarcely one hundred men. After the fall of Corinth the regiment moved to Purdy, and there joining its division, marched to Bolivar, where it was left as a part of the garrison on the sixth of June, 1862. August 30, 1862, the rebel General Armstrong with fifteen regiments marching to destroy railroad communications northward, was held in check all day by the Twentieth Ohio, a portion of the Twentyeight Ohio, and two companies of the second Illinois cavalry. The steady fire of the skirmishers of the Twentieth did much toward restraining the enemy from any attack in line.

Late in the afternoon two companies, G and K, of the Twentieth were captured by a cavalry charge, but not until after a desperate fight and the repulse of two previous charges. In this affair company K was commanded by Lieutenant Mellick, Captain Cassell being absent and Lieutenant Bostwick commanding company C. The affair was considered of so much importance that Colonel M. M. Crocker, commanding the post of Bolivar, was promoted to brigadier general to date from the day of the engagement. Colonel Force, Major Fry, Captain Kaga, Adjutant Owens, Lieutenants Ayers, Hill and Mellick, were especially and honorably mentioned in the official report of General Leggett, who commanded the brigade in this battle. The two companies, G and K, which fell into the hands of the enemy were taken to Vicksburgh, and within thirty days were exchanged and returned to the regiment.

The regiment assisted in driving Price from Iuka, on the twentieth of September, and in the engagement between Hurlburt and Price at the crossing of the Hatchie, near Metamora, Tennessee, it arrived on the field at four o'clock P. et. with a wagon train loaded with supplies, having marched twenty-eight miles since ten A. M. The supplies were immediately turned over and the regiment marched in pursuit of the rebels the same night.

During the winter of 1862-3 the regiment marched from place to place, being almost continually on the move, and was attached to the Third division (Logan's), Seventeenth corps.

On the twelfth of May the regiment deployed in advance of the corps as it approached Raymond, Mississippi, and while resting with arms stacked, was fired upon from a dense thicket beyond a small stream. The regiment immediately formed and advanced across the creek, using the bank on the opposite side as a breastwork. For an hour the struggle was severe, and especially so to the Twentieth, as the regiments on the right withdrew their lines a little distance to the rear, and the flank of the Twentieth was exposed to a raking cross fire. Every man stood firm until the line again advanced and the rebels gave way. The regiment lost in this engagement twelve killed and fifty-two wounded.

All the officers of company E were shot down, and Private Canavan of that company was promoted to a sergeantcy on .the spot for skillfully man aging the company during the engagement. Captain Wilson was decorated with the Seventeenth corps medal of honor, in silver, for gallantly assembling his skirmishers under the very muzzles of the

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 301

enemy's guns in the first charge. Wilson was for a time captain of company E. Lieutenant Weatherby of company A, being on the extreme right of the skirmish line with his company, and being cut off from his regiment, assembled his company and reported to the nearest regiment, the Eighty-third Illinois, and fought as a part of that regiment until the end of the battle; when, as the company marched to join its regiment, the Eighty-first showed their appreciation of its services by giving three hearty cheers for the "Twentieth Ohio boys."

The regiment moved on through Clinton, Jackson, Bottom Depot, to Champion hills, where it was early pushed forward to a strong position in a ravine, under such a fire that it was dangerous for a staff officer to approach with orders. Though the adjoining regiments on either flank were pushed back as the enemy moved up in mass, the Twentieth held its ground without wavering till its ammunition was exhausted; it then fixed bayonets and prepared to maintain its position, but the Sixty-eighth Ohio came to its assistance from the reserve and the enemy was driven back.

Crossing the Big Black the regiment reached the rear of Vicksburgh and acted as support to the assaulting party on the twenty-first of May. It then went to work in the saps, mines and trenches.

The following is an extract from a letter written by one of the Twentieth Ohio boys about this time.

Our division is on the main road from Jackson to Vicksburgh, which the rebels have well fortified. The first fort is a large one on the right of the road running into the city; the rear of this fort is open, and some distance beyond are two more forts which command the first one, so that should we succeed in taking the first one we could not hold it. We are digging a ditch ten feet deep and six feet wide to run into the fort and are now within twenty-five feet of their works.

Our men are very much exposed to the fire of their sharp shooters while digging. Company H was out yesterday working on the ditch and had two men shot dead. Our whole regiment was out the other day sharp shooting. Company G fired nine thousand cartridges, but could not tell how many took effect. Our company after dark took a position on the left of the fort, in a hollow, within twenty-five feet of the rebels, and could hear them talking, but we did not shoot, for we were exposed to their fire, and if they found we were there they would soon scatter us. During the night some of the boys of the other companies conversed quite freely with some of the rebels. One called to one of Company H and said "what's the use of firm at a feller what you don't know?" Another said, "we are goin' to have a new general," and when asked who it was he said "general starvation." Seven of the regiment were wounded in this day's work.

May 25th our regiment was out sharp-shooting near the same fort. This was the day the flag of truce came from General Pemberton, asking to be allowed to march out with the honors of war. As soon as the flag was discovered both sides ceased firing, and all mounted the works anxious to see what we had been shooting at. They were equally anxious to see what the Yankees looked like. We talked at a distance for awhile, then met half way and talked for half an hour or more. t he conversation at first was about fathers, brothers, cousins, and friends; and some near relations met and shook hands. Some of the rebels went back and some did not. When the Seventh Missouri, Federal, charged the Sixth Missouri, rebel, fathers, sons and brothers met in deadly conflict.

The confederates offered three dollars in confederate money for three hard crackers, but our boys refused. Toward evening we went back to our rifle-pits, and the rebels to their strongholds. We had orders not to fire until 8:30 that night, and not then unless the rebels commenced. We hoped they would surrender, and watched anxiously for the white flag until 8:30, but were disappointed. The bullets began flying over us as thick as ever, and we opened out with guns from a musket up to a thirty-two pounder.

On the twenty-second there was to be a grand charge by the First brigade, supported by ours. We felt that should we be ordered to charge we should lose one-half or two-thirds our number. The brigades were ordered out, but for some reason the order was countermanded, and we returned to our quarters with very dirty clothes, for we had lain in the road nearly an hour, and the dust was so thick we could aimost cover ourselves with it; We had orders to lie down, and every man was as flat as a pan-cake in a second, for the bullets began to zip, zip, and buzz over our heads as thick as hail stones. In moving out we had one man killed and six wounded in the regiment.

We were under fire from the nineteenth of May to the twenty-eighth, then started, with seven days' rations, with four other brigades under General Blair, to meet Johnston if he could be found. We marched forty-five miles, and returned by way of Yazoo river.

Of our fight at Raymond I presume you have heard. The Illinois boys were given all the praise. Our regiment was the first in the fight. De Golyer's battery was on our right, and we lay in the edge of the woods, when we heard the rebel yell, and knew they were coming down upon us through the woods on a charge. We had orders to take arms and move forward. We moved about fifty feet, when we came to the banks of a stream; the water was knee-deep and banks quite high. We made no halt here, for we could see the rebels coming at us. We crossed the stream and took shelter under the opposite bank just in time, for the rebel line dropped into a ditch about twenty-five feet in front of us. We were not long in giving them some of Lincoln's pills, and they returned Jeff.'s best. We fought them in full sight for an hour and a half, during which time they tried several times to charge our line, but the Twentieth was firm, and although our brave boys were falling fast, we determined to hold the position as long as we had a man left. We felt that the result degended upon our action. If we pave way we would have been slaughtered before we could have re-crossed the creek, and our whole division cut to pieces. After the battle we marched to town, two miles, which we reached about dark. We (company E) went into the fight with thirty-two men, and came out with sixteen. We were ready the next morning with sixteen men to go into battle; but

302 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

it was a sad thing at roll-call to find half our number gone. We had no commissioned ofcers. Lieutenant Stevenson, who was in command, was wounded.

On the fourteenth we reached Jackson without having fired a shot. Our company took charge of the prisoners that night, and the next morning we were on the march to Vicksburgh. We fought at Champion Hills on the sixteenth.

The following is a list of the killed and wounded of company E, at Raymond, May 12th.

Killed-Orderly Sergeant Byron Selby, Corporal John C. Waddle, privates Parker Douds and Leroy C. Baker. Wounded -Corporal Abram Frazier, privates Darius Swail, Johnson Van Buskirk, Thomas McGovern, Joseph McMahon, William Trott, Jacob Baker, Josiah Workman, James H. Waddell, Thomas Yarnell, Daniel Duden, Lieutenant John G. Stevenson.

Thomas McGovern, Darius Swail, Johnson Van Buskirk, William Trott, and Thomas Yarnell were made prisoners at the Raymond hospital, and taken to Mobile. The rest were not able to go and were paroled.

The Ninety-sixth is close to us. We have beautiful fireworks some nights when the mortar-boats send two hundred and twenty-five pound shells over the city. Lieutenant Henry Davis has been appointed captain of company C, and Lieutenant Jacobs captain of company E.

Regarding the work of the regiment in the trenches before Vicksburgh, the following from a correspondent on the ground, gives a vivid picture of the condition of things:

Imagine it-men work all day, and never once stand upright; load their pieces upon their hands and knees, extending the rammers out of the embrasures, while others ply the shovels to replace the earth knocked away by the hostile projectiles. Here where the bushes have been allowed to stand in the embankment, if you will rise up cautiously and peep through, you will see the shovel of earth as it is thrown up and falls upon their line two hundred yards away. You must be wary, and you must drop promptly on your knees when you see a puff of smoke, for they suspect that some one :- looking through the bushes. You will have sufficient time to drop down into safety, for the smoke will puff out white and distinct a quarter of a minute before the sound of the discharge reaches you, or the ball whizzes by, or thuds in the thrown up dirt.

Better take off your hat, for it can be seen more distinctly than the naked head, and don't betray any nervousness should the ball, which will surely come, shower dirt upon your head, else those old artillerymen will laugh at you.

Now, if you want to go to the rear, stoop low and doublequick it until you get under cover of the woods. It is only eight or ten rods. Oh! there is no danger. They won't hurt youmore than a hundred men have run across there to-day; every one has been fired at and only three have been struck. You see they only get a glimpse of you, and can't get good aim. They will shoot over you, or behind you, or ahead of you.

June 26, 1863, the regiment, marching with the Second brigade, withdrew to Tiffin, near Black river, in order to observe the movements of Johnston. After the fall of Vicksburgh, it camped at Bovina station, on the Mississippi Southern railroad, but was shortly ordered to join Sherman's army besieging Jackson. It returned to Vicksburgh July 30th, and encamped in the outskirts of the city. In the latter part of August the Twentieth formed part of an expedition to Monroe, on the Ouachita river, and returned to its camp at Vicksburgh, September 1st. October 7th, the regiment crossed the Big Black at Messenger's Ferry, skirmished slightly at Boquechitto creek, advanced toward Canton as far as Livingston, thence to Clinton, and then over the old Champion Hills battleground to Big Black and Vicksburgh. In January, 1864, two-thirds of the men present re-enlisted for three years more, and the Twentieth was brigaded with the Thirty-second, Sixty-eighth, and Seventyeighth Ohio. February 3, 1864, the regiment crossed the Big Black and joined in the celebrated Meridian expedition. In crossing Baker's creek a rebel battery opened upon the column. The Twentieth rapidly formed a line of battle and the battery retired. The regiment was compelled to march in line of battle until late in the afternoon, as the rebels placed their battery on every hill-top, and skirmished briskly along the road. In spite of this the head of the column passed over eighteen miles, and camped at Jackson that night. Passing through Brandon the troops reached Morton, and from this point to Meridian the Twentieth acted as rear-guard to the whole army the greater portion of the distance. After arriving at Meridian the regiment assisted in destroying ten or fifteen miles of railroad, and then marched to the wagon corral on Chunkey creek; and being misdirected by a rebel, it marched eight miles to advance three. The next day this rebel's house was burned in order that he might remember the time he had the pleasure of misdirecting the Yankees.

February 20th, the regiment marched on its return as part of the convoy for seven hundred wagons. It marched by way of Hillsborough and Canton, and reached Vicksburgh March 4th. It was now allowed its veteran furlough, and the Knox county boys enjoyed thirty days at their homes.

May 1st they rendezvoused at Camp Dennison, by and proceeded to Cairo, Illinois, and from there steamer to Clifton, Tennessee. From this place the regiment marched via Pulaski, Huntsville, Decatur and Rome (over the Sand mountains), two hundred

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 303

and fifty miles; joining Sherman at Acworth on the ninth of June. In the advance from Acworth the Twentieth formed the escort to the wagon-train, but finally joined its brigade on the twenty-third at Bushy ridge, near Kenesaw mountain.

On the night of the twenty-sixth, the Twentieth, with its division, marched to the left of the line, and at eight o'clock the next morning moved vigorously and with great noise upon the enemy, the object being to divert the enemy's attention from the general assault made by other portions of the National line. The division advanced to within easy range of the rebel works, near Marietta, and was exposed to the concentrated fire of four batteries. Having succeeded, to a certain extent, in accomplishing its object, the regiment engaged in another demonstration on the rebel works in front of its camp, at 3 P. m.; and, advancing up a thickly wooded hill till within one hundred yards of the enemy's works, sustained a brisk musketry fire till dark. On the second of July, the regiment marched with its corps to the mouth of Nickojack creek, where the enemy was found intrenched. After the evacuation of the works at Nickojack, the regiment was employed in picketing the river, which was lively business, as the rebels kept up a constant and accurate fire during the day. On the sixteenth of July the regiment crossed the Chattahoochie at Rossville, and on the twentieth reached the rebel works before Atlanta.

The regiment took a position on the twenty-first in the advanced line, and on the twenty-second firing was heard in its rear. The regiment formed in the works, but as the rebels advanced the men leaped the parapet and faced toward the enemy. The rebels pressed up to and around the regiment, and the bullets carne from front, flank, and rear, and according as the fire was hottest in front or rear, the men of the Twentieth leaped their works and delivered their fire in that direction. Cartridges became scarce, but portions of companies A, F, and D, risked their lives and obtained, in the very face of the enemy, five cases of ammunition, which were piled up near the regimental head quarters; but even this supply was insufficient, and the ammunition of the wounded and dead was distributed, and charges were made to capture the rebels for their cartridges. At 4 P. M. many of the men had only two or three cartridges left. The batteries in Atlanta threw shell upon the rear of the brigade, the enemy redoubled their fire in front and, placing a captured gun within fifty paces of the flank of the Twentieth, raked the regiment with cannister. Orders came to withdraw from the works and form anew line, and the Twentieth slowly retired, the men turning now and then to fire their last cartridge at the foe. In the new line the Twentieth was placed in reserve, with the exception of a detachment of about one hundred, who were posted in the works on Force's hill, and fought desperately until the close of the battle. In this engagement the Twentieth lost forty-four killed, fifty-six wounded, and fifty-four missing. Instances of personal daring were numberless.

The following extract regarding this desperate conflict is from a letter written on the twentyfourth, two days after the battle, by Captain B. A. F. Greer, of Mount Vernon, who was at the time in command of company B

On the twenty-second instant a desperate battle was fought on the left of our army, caused by the enemy massing their forces and endeavoring to turn our flank. The Twentieth had the misfortune to be hotly engaged and lost heavily. The enemy are in possession of part of the ground fought over, so we cannot tell exactly what the loss is.

The regiment had built breastworks and began fighting from behind them, but soon the enemy came up in our rear, and obliged us to jump to the opposite side of our works. The enemy would charge front and tear at the same time, compelling us to meet and repulse a charge first in front then right about to the rear, and thus we continued to fight four hours, moving across our works no less than ten times. Often the opposing lines would meet on top of the works, when the bayonet, sword, clubbed musket, and even the fist, were used with murderous effect. I cannot give a more detailed account of the fight. We held our own, only closing up to the right on our works, yielding about one hundred yards of them.

Generals Blair, Sherman and Leggett estimated the rebel dead lying around our works, upon the ground fought over by our regiment, at one thousand. General Sherman said that each man had made himself a hero, but that we had violated all the rules of civilized warfare by not surrendering when so completely surrounded.

Captain Greer reports the following losses in the three Knox county companies in this battle:

Company A, Lieutenant Ed. Nutt commanding.

Killed.-D. B. James and Benjamin Wilson.

Wounded.-Corporal Levi Cassell and Privates G. W. Ebersole, G. M. Moodie, P. H. Conner and A. Davis.

Missing.-M. F. Runyan, Samuel Taylor, E. Colony and C. W. Dalrymple.

Company E, Lieutenant E. R Woodmancy commanding.'

Killed.-Sergeant John Canavan and Cornelius Russell.

304 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Wounded.-Lieutenant Woodmancy, Ed. Knox, J. McMahon, A. J. Patchen and William Rose.

Missing.-Corporal M. Long and Henry Linstead.

Company G, Captain Nathan Bostwick commanding.

Killed.-Corporal Charles Beardsley.

Wounded.-E. W. Case, D. B. Linstead and D. Pitkin.

Missing.-Captain Nathan Bostwick, Corporal Fayette Bostwick, Reason Brown, G. M. Cochran, B. F. Stilley, and Loyal G. Vance.

The following were the losses in company I, part of which was from this county-Captain W. L. Waddell commanding:

Killed.-E. Campbell, F. G. Ailes, H. Reed, W. Wickleam, B. Dodds, T. M. Govern and J. Van Fossen.

Wounded.-A. Williams, E. Fuller, O. Hupp, P. McBride and J. Sparling.

Missing.-Lieutenant William Rush, William Barrington, T. J. Watson, G. A. Irwin, E. M. Evans, N. Warfield, F. Crow F. Moore and B. Penman.

When it is considered that the ranks of the above companies had already been greatly thinned in previrus battles, these losses clearly indicate the desperate character of the conflict. Among the noble young men whose lives went out in this battle none were more worthy, more highly respected, or gave greater promise than Corporal Charles Beardsley, an only son of Platt Beardsley, of Milford township. It will be observed, also, that Sergeant John Canavan, who had been promoted from the ranks for gallantry on a previous occasion, went down in this battle.

Captain Nathan Bostwick and his son Fayette were both wounded and both fell into the hands of the enemy. The latter was taken to Andersonville prison pen, where he suffered all the horrors of that famous-or infamous-place. He succeeded in making his escape and paddling down the Ocomulgee river reached the Federal gun-boats in safety.

Captain Bostwick was taken to Macon, Georgia, and subsequently to Charleston, South Carolina. After suffering all the horrors of prison life in various places, aggravated by wounds and disease, he finally made his escape Deeember 1, 1864; from Columbia, South Carolina; and after untold suffering, hardship and hairbreadth escapes, reached the Federal lines at Knoxville, Tennessee, December 27, 1864. .

The regiment was commanded in this battle by Lieutenant Colonel John C. Fry, who had entered the regiment in the spring of 1861, as a three months' volunteer.

After the fall of Atlanta the regiment was engaged in changing position and building works until the twenty-fourth of August, when it received orders to march as guard to the supply trains of the army of the Tennessee. Four days later the regiment joined its brigade at Fairburn, and assisted in destroying the railroads. In the battle of Jonesborough, on the thirty-first, the Twentieth was on the left of the Fifteenth corps, at right angles to the main line, as "refused flank," and in this position was greatly annoyed by a heavy artillery fire. On the second of September the regiment took position on a hill near Lovejoy's station, where it remained several days, exposed to some annoyance from the enemy's sharp-shooters, and finally settled down in camp near Atlanta, on the East Point road. October 5th the regiment joined in the pursuit of Hood, and, after following as far as Galesville, Alabama, returned and camped at Smyrna church, about twenty miles from Atlanta, November 5th.

The regiment left Atlanta with Sherman's army, on the fifteenth of November, for Savannah. It participated in the destruction of the town of Miller, Georgia, and, on reaching Savannah, took position on the right of the Seventeenth corps. December 19th it was detached from the brigade, and sent to the Ogeechee, near King's bridge, where it was engaged in building wharves, on which to land supplies for the army. This work was cut short by the surrender of Savannah, and the regiment rejoined the brigade December 24th, in camp at the outskirts of the city.

January 5, 1865, the regiment embarked on the steamer Fanny for Beaufort, South Carolina, crossed Port Royal ferry and advanced until the enemy was found entrenched beyond a rice swamp, The Twentieth deployed as skirmishers, charged the enemy's work in fine style, and the regimental colors were soon waving from the parapet. At dark the troops encamped before the fortifications of Pocotaligo, and, on the morning of January 13th, it was assigned camping ground beyond the rail road station at Pocotaligo, where it remained until January 30th, when it started on the Carolina campaign.

The head of the column struck the enemy February 13th near the bridge across the North Edisto

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 305

at Orangeburgh. Two companies were deployed as skirmishers, and soon the regiment advanced on double-quick, and drove the enemy back to their fortifications, which were concealed by a turn in the road, and from which the rebels opened fire. The regiment deployed as skirmishers, advanced through the swamp in water icy-cold and waist-deep, opened fire on the enemy on the opposite side, stood until late in the afternoon, and was relieved. The next day it crossed the river and engaged in destroying the railroad. In this affair the National loss was light. The regiment marched through the smoking ruins of Columbia, and destroyed the railroad as far as Winnsborough.

February 24th it was rear guard; reached Che raw March 3d, and Bennettsville the 6th. On the twentieth it reached Bentonville, where it fortified on the twentyfirst, expecting an attack, but the enemy withdrew and on the twenty-fourth the regiment reached Goldsborough.

After two weeks rest the regiment pushed on to Raleigh, and April 15th moved toward Johnston's army. On the way it became known that Johnston had asked terms of surrender; the men seemed crazy with joy; they shouted, laughed, flung their hats in the air, threw their knapsacks at each other, hugged each other, stood on their heads in the mud, and were altogether worse than children let loose from school. Leaving Raleigh May 1st the regiment marched via Richmond to Washington was in the grand review May 24th; thence was sent to Louisville, Kentucky, and, July 18th, back to Columbus, where it was mustered out of service. Thus ended an organization which had made a record second perhaps to no other among the glorious records of the war.

The regiment may inscribe upon its banners the following summary of engagements: Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Bolivar, Matamora, Mississippi, Central Expedition, Thompson's Hills, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Siege of Vicksburgh, Meridian Raid, Big Shanty, Kenesaw, Nickojack, Atlanta, Siege of Atlanta, Jonesborough, Lovejoy Station, Pursuit of Hood, March to the Sea, Pocotaligo, Orangeburgh, and Bentonville. It lost nearly four hundred men in battle.

Nine medals are known to have been awarded for special gallantry, viz: to Lieutenant Colonel Harry Wilson, Captain L N. Ayres, Captain Charles Stevenson, Captain Ed. E. Nutt, Sergeant William Blackburn, Sergeant John Rinehart; Sergeant Robbins, and Privates John Alexander and M. Elliott.

CHAPTER XXXIV.

WAR OF THE REBELLION-CONTINUED.

COMPANY A, THIRTIETH REGIME\T-COMPANY C, THIRTY-

SECOND REGIMENT-COMPANY K, AND FRACTIONS OF

OTHER COMPANIES FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT-COMPANIES

A AND F, SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.

IN the summer of 1861, Emory W. Muenscher, of Mt. Vernon, was commissioned and began recruiting a company. He succeeded in raising about sixty men and left Mt. Vernon about the last of July for Camp Chase, Columbus. His was the third company recruited in Knox county for the three years' service, and became company A, of the Thirtieth regiment. Mr. Muenscher was commissioned first lieutenant of this company August 15, 1861; was promoted to captain June 28, 1862, and to lieutenant colonel of the regiment January 6, 1865. He, however, declined to accept this last promotion and was mustered out as captain.

Captain Muenscher having been appointed adjutant of the regiment in the beginning of his service, his name does not appear on the following musterroll of this company.

Muster-roll of Company A, Thirtieth Ohio regiment, mustered into the service August 14, 1861.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain William W. Reilly, August 2, 1861. .

First Lieutenant Thomas Hayes, August 2, 1861

Second Lieutenant Jeremiah Hall, August 2, '61

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Henry McIntire, August 2, 1861.

Sergeant Henry F. Wolf, August 2, '61

Sergeant Fred D. James, July 30, '61

Sergeant George T. Davy, July 30, '61

Sergeant Gilbert D. Walt, August 21, '61

Corporal Walker Mustain, August 21, '61

Corporal Benjamin T. Warner, July 30, '61

Corporal Eberly Martin, August 2, '61

Corporal John H. Peck, August 2, '61

306 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

All enlisted August 2, 1861

Corporal John Hey. August 2, 1861.

Corporal John H. Sharkey

Corporal Thomas B. Gaston

Corporal Robert Vealons,

Musician Charles O. Lloyd,

Musician Wm. H. Cochran,

Wagoner Thomas Milward,

PRIVATES.

All enlisted in 1861

Anderson, David, August 2

Bartholomew, William H., August 2

Brook, John, August 14,

Brock, Robert, August 2,

Brock, Thomas, August 14,

Baker, John J., August 14,

Butler, Charles E., July 30,

Buchanan, William, July 30,

Bryant, George W., "

Boyles, William "

Casaford, David, "

Callahan, Michael, August 14,

Dawm, Joseph, August 2,

Dawson, Jacob, August 2,

Dunfraimit; Edward A., July 30,

Elmore, Thomas D., August 2,

Eikenberger, George, August 2

Furlong. Myron C., July 30,

Hassey, John, August 2,

Huddleson, Powell, "

Huddleson, Joseph, "

Howard, Henry, "

Hess, August, "

Ireland, William, July 30,

Jacobs, Wayne J., August 2,

Jones, Dudley, "

Jones, John M., "

Kirner, Joseph "

King, Eli, "

Kingora, James, July 30,

Kingston, James R., August 2,

Lee, Henry, "

Lewis, John, "

Larkin, James L., "

Lane, James A., "

Livery, Constant "

Linderback, James, August 21,

Lesley, William, August 14,

Martin, James, August 2,

Martin, Syrus, "

McJugin, Franklin, August 30,

Nagler, Leonard, August 2,

O'Brien, Michael, August 14,

Piatt, Thomas H., August 2,

Purdy, Jesse, "

Pond, William H., August 30,

Reyburn, Stephen, August 2,

Redding, George W., "

Smith, Jacob, "

Smith, Benedict. August 30,

Smith, John H., August 2,

Smith, M. N., July 30,

Steamshoon, Henry, August 2,

Swigler, Martin, August 2,

Resinger, Adam, "

Sowers, George, "

Stephens, Joseph, "

Sword, John C., "

Swartz, John J., "

Stebe, John V., "

Showberty, Peter, "

Slattirly, Charles, "

Shipley, Horatio T., July 30,

Tipton, Charles W., August 2,

Thompson, John H., August 14,

Thomas, Samuel O., July 30,

Taker, William, August 14,

Wittuch, Ernest, August 2,

Walter, Charles, "

Whitehead, Samuel, "

The Thirtieth Ohio regiment was organized at Camp Chase August 28, 1861, and on the thirtieth was ordered to the field in Virginia. During the fall it was engaged mostly in guard duty in separate detachments at various places, and was not reunited until December 25th, when it held its first dress parade. It was again scattered during the winter, doing guard duty and working on fortifications.

A portion of the regiment was engaged in the battle of Centerville under General Pope in the latter part of August, 1862, and the regiment was re-united on the thirty-first of that month. On the ninth of September it engaged the enemy at Frederick city, being placed on the skirmish line; but its first hard fight was at South Mountain, where it lost eighteen men killed and forty-eight wounded. Two days later it was engaged in the great battle of Antietam, where it was compelled to fall back under the weight of General A. P. Hill's division and lost heavily; its loss being two commissioned offices killed and two wounded, and eight men killed and thirty-seven wounded. Its colors were torn in fourteen places by the enemy's balls, and two of the color bearers shot dead on the field

During the winter of 1862-3, it was transferred to the Western department, and placed in the Second brigade, Second division, Fifteenth corps. In the spring of 1863, it participated in General Grant's movement to the rear of Vicksburgh, and on the twenty-fifth of May participated in a demonstration in favor of an assault made on the left. In three hours the regiment fired forty-five thou sand rounds of cartridges. On the twenty-second

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 307

of May it led the assault on the works in General Sherman's front. The flag of the regiment was planted on the rebel works and guarded there until night enabled the troops to retire. The three leading companies of the Fifteenth suffered severely, losing forty-seven men killed and wounded. It was engaged during the siege of Vicksburgh, losing during that time, one commissioned officer killed and six wounded; and six men killed and fortyeight wounded.

On the twenty-fourth of November, 1863, it was in front of Mission Ridge, and the next day, with a detachment of the Fourth Virginia, assaulted and carried the outer line of the enemy's works. Later in the day the Thirtieth and Thirty-seventh Ohio made two unsuccessful assaults on the works at Tunnel Hill; the Thirtieth losing thirty-nine men killed and wounded.

In January, 1864, a sufficient number of the men re-enlisted to make it a veteran regiment, and in April the men came home on veteran furlough. On the ninth of May the regiment reassembled at Columbus, and on the tenth started south, arriving at Kingston, Georgia, May 20th. On the twentythird it was on the march with Sherman's army, moving through Dallas and Acworth to Kenesaw Mountain, where it was engaged on the twentysixth, losing thirty-five men killed and wounded. In the severe battle before Atlanta on the twentythird of July, it lost twenty-seven men killed, wounded and prisoners; and in the battle of the twenty-eighth it was heavily engaged, losing thirty men killed and wounded. The enemy abandoned a stand of colors under the fire of the regiment, and one hundred and five dead rebels were picked up in its immediate front.

The regiment was transferred to the First brigade on the fifth of August, and on the twentyninth those who were not veterans were mustered out by reason of expiration of term of service.

On the night of the thirtieth of August the regiment went on picket within one mile of Jonesboro; and the next day the rebels attacked the line of the First brigade, but were repulsed In this engagement the regiment lost thirty-five killed and wounded. On the second of September the rebels evacuated Jonesboro, and the regiment pursued to Lovejoy station. It marched with Sherman to the sea, and was in the assault on Fort McAllister under Hazen, and engaged there in a hand to hand conflict with the enemy. It was especially mentioned by General Hazen in his report.

The regiment accompanied Sherman's army through the Carolinas, and was sharply engaged with the enemy at Shilling's Bridge and Harper's Farm. Moving with the army it participated in the grand review at Washington, May 24th. It was mustered out and discharged at Columbus, Ohio, August 22, 1865, having, as a regiment, travelled during the war a distance of thirteen thousand two hundred miles.

THE THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT

Company C, Thirty-second Ohio volunteer infantry was recruited in July, 1861, in Mt. Vernon, the officers elected being Captain James Blackstone Banning, First Lieutenant Anthony B. Raymond, and Second Lieutenant Charles B. Church. Captain Banning conducted his company to Mansfield; Ohio, August loth, where it went into Camp Buckingham, and became a part of Colonel Thomas H. Ford's regiment (the Thirty-second) then forming at that place.

Muster-roll of company C, Thirty-second Ohio regiment, mustered into service August 31, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Tames B. Banning, July 20, 1861.

First Lieutenant Anthony B. Raymond, July 20, 1861.

Second Lieutenant Charles B. Church, "

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant William E. Doty, July 20, 1861.

Sergeant Leander Reed, "

Sergeant William L. Harrod, "

Sergeant David G. Gardner, "

Corporal George W. Smith, "

Corporal Elias P. Irwin, "

Corporal Richard Blackstone, "

Corporal George W. O'Daniel, "

PRIVATES.

They all enlisted July 20, 1861

Alberson. Byram,

Ashton, Joseph,

Barnehard, Hugh D.,

Bushfield, Josiah C.,

Boyd, John C.,

Barber, George

Boone, Elry,

Bigbee: Wilson,

Beach, William,

Cutter, William.

Critchfield, James H.,

Critchfield, Samuel C.,

308 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

(All enlisted on July 20, 1861)

Clayton, Samuel,.

Camp, Lucius,

Coil, Peter,

Carpenter, Johnson,

Counts, Squire,

Davis, George W.,

Duncan, Alexander,

Dawson, Kobert T.,

Elliott, Orange H.,

Euers, David R.,

Ervine, David,

Eaton, Gustavus A.,

Fowler, Harrison H.,

Gleeson, Jeremiah,

Glassaway, Henry C

Garce, John,

Goodwin, Hiram B.,

Gold, Adam,

Gow, William,

Helt, George,

Hawking, David,

Huyler, Jacob,

Harris, Calvin C.,

Hardin, Martin V.,

Hunter, John,

Harter, Andrew J.,

Harter, William,

Harter, Richard M.,

Hatfield, Henry C.,

Lewis, Washington J.,

Lewis, Friendly,

Lewis, Benjamin W.,

Leonard, William,

Laity, Milton,

Laugh, Philip,

Longworth, Solomon,

Moyer, William,

McMahon, Joseph,

Masters, Wilson,

Murphy, James,

McCollister, Noah,

O'Donell Morris,

Oram, David,

Porter, Orrin C.,

Porter, David,

Post, Isaac B.,

Rowley, George,

Rigdon, William,

Rusler, George A.,

Stevens, Euriel,

Shock, Nathaniel,

Sinking, Nathan,

Simpson, John,

Soverner, Aaron J.,

Sharp, Morris,

Simons, George W.,

Stout, Christian,

Toms, George W.,

Taylor, William,

Underwood, Eli,

Underwood, Delano C.,

Utter, George W.,

Vance, John,

Wright. Charles,

Wesevell, Wilson,

Wirt, Joseph,

Weitseman, William H...

Walton, Lewis L.,

Winans, John H.,

Briefly, this regiment participated in the West Virginia campaign, and was in the battles of Greenbrier, Alleghany, Monterey, McDowell, Cross Keys, Franklin, .Maryland Heights, and Harper's Ferry. The regiment was surrendered at the latter place by Colonel Miles, parolled and sent to Chicago, Illinois. After remaining there without pay several months, nearly all the men took "French" leave and came home. Remaining at home about three months they were ordered to rendezvous at Cleveland, where they nearly all reported, were paid, and received a twenty days' furlough.

January 1, 1863, the regiment was exchanged and sent to the front, being attached to the Seventeenth corps. It was in the Vicksburgh campaign; re-enlisted in 1864, and was with Sherman in all his marches through Georgia and the Carolinas; was at the surrender of Johnston and in the grand review at Washington in May, 1865.

The following is the history of this regiment, more in detail from Ohio in the War.

On the fifteenth of September, 1861, the regiment left Camp Dennison for West Virginia. As was the case with most, if not all, of the first regiments from Ohio, they were poorly equipped, and armed with the almost useless old smooth-bore musket of by-gone days. The regiment was moved by railroad, and arrived at Grafton September 18, and marched the next day for Beverly, West Virginia, where it arrived on the twenty-second.

At this point Colonel Ford reported for orders to Brigadier General Reynolds, then commanding the district of Cheat Mountain, with headquarters at Huttonsville, and was assigned to the command then stationed on Cheat Mountain summit, with Colonel Nathan Kimball, of the Fourteenth Indiana volunteers, commanding the post.

The Thirty-second had been hurried to the field without discipline of any kind, in fact, it was hardly organized. Here, upon the rugged heights of Cheat Mountain, amid the wild scenery of the Alleghanies, the regiment received its first lesson in the art of war. On the third of October, 1861, the Thirty-second, under orders, made a forward movement and led the advance of the army against Greenbrier, Virginia, through the mountains and pines of that region by midnight. The regiment remained at Greenbrier during the fall of 1861, engaged in watching the movements of the enemy, then commanded by the afterward renowned rebel, General R. E. Lee.

On the thirteenth of December, part of the Thirty-second, under command of Captain Hamilton, accompanied General Milroy in his advance on Camp Alleghany. In his report Gen-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 309

eral Milroy complimented the regiment very highly on its gallantry and good conduct in its charge into the camp of the enemy. The loss of the regiment in this affair was four killed and fourteen wounded, some severely. On its return from this expedition, it was ordered to Beverly, where it remained the rest of that severe winter. The time was profitably spent in still further disciplining and organizing the regiment, which made necessary some changes in the roster. The followingnamed officers retired, and their places were filled by promotion from the ranks: Captain J. A. Lacy, company A; W. M. Stanley, company K, and J. Dyer, of Company I ; Chaplain Nickerson; First Lieutenants C. C. Brandt, J. W. McLaughlin, .albeit J. Spaulding, and C. C. Nichols; Second Lieutenants John Vanmeter, H. H. Fickel, B. F. Guck, R. F. Jackson (adjutant), George F. Jack, W. H. H. Case and D. Stambaugh. Surgeon John. N. Mowry also retired and was succeeded by Dr. James G. Buchanan, of Wellsville, Ohio.

Still retained in General Nfilroy's command, the regiment took the advance of the expedition under that officer, which resulted n the capture of Camp Alleghany, Huntsville, Monterey and McDowell. About the first of May, a further advance was made to near Buffalo Gap, seven miles from Staunton, Va. The enemy was met at this point, and after some severe fighting the National forces fell back to the main army, camped at MeDowell, in the Bull Pasture valley, where Generals Schenck and Milroy had united their forces, numbering about seven thousand men.

The rebel general, Stonewall 'Jackson, advanced against the National force on the eighth day of May, and was met on the side of Bull Pasture mountain. A severe battle ensued, which lasted from two P. M. until dark, with varied success on each side. The National forces fell back to Franklin, West Virginia, closely followed by the rebel army. In this battle, the Thirty-second lost six killed and fifty-three wounded, some mortally. It was the last regiment to leave the field. Lieutenant C. Fugate, of company E, a young officer of fine promise, was among the mortally wounded; he died at Franklin five days after the battle.

On the twelfth day of May, Major General Fremont, commanding the mountain department, effected a junction with Generals Schenck and Milroy, bringing with him about twelve thousand men. ' Before this junction, however, the rebel General Jackson had retired from the National front. The combined National forces lay at Franklin inactive until the twentyfifth day of May, when they were ordered to the support of General Banks, then operating in the Shenandoah valley against the rebel army under Jackson. While the army was in camp at Franklin, the Thirty-second was transferred from Milroy's to Schenck's brigade, composed of the Thirty-second, Fifty-fifth, Seventy-third, Seventy-fifth and Eightysecond, Ohio volunteer infantry.

In Fremont's pursuit of Jackson up the Shenandoah valley, the Thirty-second bore its part and participated in the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic, on the eighth and ninth days of June, 1862. The regiment returned to Strausburgh about the last of June, was transferred to Piatt's brigade, and moved to Winchester, Virginia, July 5, 1862. It remained at Winchester doing garrison duty until the first of September, the day the place was evacuated by General White, when the regiment moved with the brigade to Harper's Ferry, and assisted in the defence of that place. After making a hard fight and losing one hundred and fifty of its number, the regiment, with the whole command, was surrendered by the commanding officer of the post to the enemy as prisoners of war. The history of this unaccountable affair is yet to be written. The Thirty-second was parolled and sent to Annapolis, Maryland, whence it was transferred to Chicago, Illinois.

In the defence of Harper's Ferry, the regiment lost some gallant officers and brave men. Captain S. R. Breese, company H, who succeeded Captain Baxter, was killed by a musket ball, Captain M. W. Worden lost a leg, Lieutenant A. G. Hostetter was severely wounded in the foot, and Lieutenant E. B. Adams, of company F, lost a hand. Colonel Ford was placed under arrest and sent to Washington for trial by a military commission, on the charge of having neglected his duty in the defence of Maryland Heights. This trial resulted in his dismissal from the service November 8, 1862, by order of the War Department."

At Chicago the regiment became almost completely demoralized. It had not been paid for eight months, and many of the men took "French leave" and went home to look after their families. Captain B. F. Potts was sent to Columbus to ask Governor Tod to procure an order from the War Department. transferring the regiment to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland. This application was successful, and the Thirty-second, or all that was left of it-thirty-five men, arrived at Camp Taylor December 1, 1862.

On the second of December, Captain B. F. Potts was appointed by Governor Tod, lieutenant colonel of the regiment, and that energetic officer went immediately to work "reconstructing" the command. Within ten days, order prevailed, and eight hundred men had reported for duty. This happy result was not attained, however, without decisive action in the case of several officers, who were charged with inciting disaffection and revolt among the men. Secretary Stanton, of the War office, ordered their instant dismissal, which was consummated on the twenty-third of December, 1862. The men were paid in full, and, on the twelfth of January, 1363, declared to be exchanged. On the eighteenth, orders were received to proceed to Memphis, Tennessee. In re-organizing the regiment, Lieutenant Colonel Potts was made colonel; Quartermaster R. H. Bentley, lieutenant colonel; Captain A. M. Crumbacker, major; Assistant Surgeon Brundige, surgeon, and Lieutenant George Sinclair, captain. The regiment left Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, January 20th; reached Memphis on the twenty-fifth of January, 1863, and was assigned to Logan's division, Seventeenth army corps. At the battle of Champion Hills the Thirty-second made a bayonet charge and captured the First Mississippi rebel battery-men, guns and horses-with a loss of twenty-four men. For this gallant achievement, the captured battery was turned over to the regiment and manned by Company F during the entire siege of Vicksburgh. The total loss of the regiment during the campaign and siege of Vicksburgh was two hundred and twenty-five, rank and file. It participated in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills; was in the extreme front of Logan's division when Vicksburgh surrendered, and was assigned to post duty under General Logan.

In August, 1863, the regiment accompanied Stevenson's

* The evidence afterward adduced proved almost conclusively the correctness of Colonel Ford's position, and that he was not, as he always asserted, in any way to blame for the day's disaster. That he was made a "scapegoat" to shield the blunders of a superior officer was pretty well established, and he was afterward re-instated by President Lincoln. He did not, however, accept the position, but retired from the service.

310 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

expedition to Monroe, Louisana, and McPherson's expedition to Brownville, Mississippi, in October of the same year. It was also with Sherman in February, 1864, at Meridian, and lost twenty-two men at Baker's Creek, Mississippi, February 5, 1864, in which engagement Captain W. A. McAllister was severely wounded while gallantly leading the advance.

Colonel Potts bad been assigned to the command of the Second brigade, Third division, Seventeenth army corps, in the autumn of 1863, and was thereafter but seldom in command of the regiment. In December and January, 1863-64, more than three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans, and on the fourth of March, 1864, it was furloughed home. It rejoined the army at Cairo, Illinois, on the twentyfirst of April, with its ranks largely augmented by recruits. The only change made while at home was the addition of Dr. T. P. Bond, of Champaign county, as assistant surgeon. On the twentyseventh of April, the regiment embarked at Cairo with its division and corps, on transports, landing at Clifton. From there it marched to Ackworth, Georgia, where it joined General Sherman on the tenth of June, 1864. The Thirty-second was identified with the movements of the Seventeenth army corps in Sherman's advance against Atlanta; participated in the assault on Kennesaw mountain, June 27, 1864 and Nickajack Creek, near Howett's Ferry, on the Chattahoochie river, July 10, 1864; also in the battles of July, 20, 22 and 28, before Atlanta, and lost more than half its number in killed and wounded. In the affair of the twenty-second of July, Adjutant A. G. Philipps, of Mansfield, Ohio, was killed while encouraging the men, and Captains Huber and Potts were severely wounded. The regiment was commanded, in those battles, by Lieutenant Colonel J. J. Hibbetts, Colonel Potts being in command of the First brigade, Fourth division, Seventeenth army corps. (On the twelfth of January, 1865, Colonel Potts was promoted to the rank of brigadier general, on the special recommendation of General Sherman for gallantry before Atlanta, July 22, 1861.)

After the fall of Atlanta, the Thirty-second moved with the army in pursuit of Hood, after which it rejoined General Sherman and accompanied him on his march to the sea.

On the tenth of December, 1864, the Thirty-second was in the advance of the army, and contributed its share towards driving the enemy into his works at Savannah. In this expedition, the Savannah & Charleston railroad was cut, thus destroying the enemy's communications with Charleston. On the twentyfirst of December, the regiment entered Savannah with the army, and went into camp near Fort Thunderbolt. After the review by General Sherman of the whole army, the Seventeenth army corps went by transport to Beaufort, South Carolina; thence to Pocatoligo station, on the Savannah & Charleston railroad.

On the first of February, 1865, the regiment moved with the army through the Carolinas, and, with the Thirteenth Iowa, was the first regiment to enter Columbia. (Colonel Hibbetts, with a mounted detachment of the regiment, entered and captured Fayettville, North Carolina, March 10, x865, after a severe fight with Wade Hamptons Cavalry.)

On the twentieth and twenty-first of March, it was engaged with the enemy at Bentonville, North Carolina, where, on the twenty-first, Captain D. R. Potts, aid-de-camp of General B. F. Potts. was killed while gallantly leading the skirmish line of the brigade, in an assault on the enemy's works.

The regiment came out of the woods to see their friends at Goldsboro, moved with the army to Raleigh, North Carolina, and was present at the surrender of Johnson's army, May 1, 1865. It marched with the army through Richmond, Virginia, to Washington city, where it participated in the grand review before President Johnson and his cabinet.

The regiment remained in camp near Washington until June 8, 1865, when it took the cars for Louisville. It lay there until July 20th, when it was mustered out of the service and proceeded to Columbus, Ohio, at which place the men received their final discharge July 26, 1865.

During the stay of the Thirty-second in Washington, Lieutenant Colonel Hibbetts was commissioned colonel, vice B. F. Potts, promoted; Captain S. Guthrie was made lieutenant colonel and Captain Isaac B. Post, of company C promoted to major, vice Crumbacker. resigned.

The Thirty-second entered the field September 15, 1861, nine hundred and fifty strong, and during the war received mote than one thousand six hundred recruits. Only five hundred and sixty-five remained at its muster-out. It is believed that the regiment lost and recruited more than any other from Ohio.

When company C came home to enjoy its veteran furlough, James H. Critchfield, Edwin H. Sprague and Isaac Cole, members of the company, brought with them at considerable trouble and expense two fifteen-inch mortar shells. These shells had been thrown by the federal mortar-boats into Vicksburgh, during the siege of that place. They were buried about four feet under ground, and were dug up by the men; each weighing, when loaded, two hundred and thirty pounds. They were placed upon two posts set in the ground for that purpose on the public square in Mount Vernon, in front of the Kremlin buildings, where they were a "seven days wonder." These shells are now (1881) in possession of Colonel Rogers, and serve as tops for his gate posts, at his residence on Gambier street-former residence of George B. Potwin.

THE FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT.

Company K of the Forty-third regiment was recruited mostly in the eastern and southern parts of Knox county. As the Forty-third was encamped at Mount Vernon two or three months during the winter of 1861-2, other companies besides company K received recruits from this county. The camp was named Camp Andrews, in honor of Colonel Lorin Andrews of the Fourth Ohio; and the regiment was organized at this camp February 7, 1862. Lieutenant Colonel Wager Swayne was very active in recruiting the regiment. J. L. Kirby Smith, a nephew of the rebel General Kirby Smith, was made colonel. He was wounded at Corinth, and died October 12, 1862.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 311

The following extracts from a letter written in February, 1881, by Lieutenant E. L. Lybarger, an ofcer in the Forty-third, will give an idea of the part taken by Knox county in the formation of this regiment:

Joseph Cochran of Fredericktown, Lieutenant Ed. Dunbar of Mount Vernon, and Captain William Walker of Milwood, were the only persons in Knox county commissioned by the governor to recruit companies for the Forty-third. Captain Walker recruited sixty-nine men, or rather had credit for that number; I recruited not less than fifteen, while other enlisted men assisted in the work of filling a company. Lieutenant Dunbar, as nearly as I can recollect, had between fifteen and twenty men. Mr. Cochran assisted in a general way to fill the regiment, expecting to be major. All efforts failing to fill the regiment up to the minimum number, in time, two companies from the camp of rendezvous at Lancaster were transferred to the Forty-third, and the regiment was immediately organized by the consolidation of those companies that up to this time had not a sufficient number to enable them to organize. This being the condition of Captain Walker's company, he had the choice of separating his men and distributing a portion among other companies, thus gaining the first and second lieutenantcies, or of keeping them together and being himself made captain. He left this matter to be decided by the men, and with one accord they refused to be separated, preferred to lose the lieutenantcies and make him captain of the company. This was done and the company was afterward known as Company K, and was also known as the Knox county company, though filled up to the required number by Stark county men.

Those recruited by Dunbar and Cochran, were, I believe, distributed between companies C and F. There were not, all told, to exceed one hundred men from Knox county in the Fortythird at its organization. I think ninety is nearer the number. There, were, perhaps, between fifteen and twenty more men recruited and assigned to the regiment during the war, from Knox.

William Walker became captain of Company K ; E. Dunbar second lieutenant of company F, and Joseph Cochran quartermaster of the regiment. I was promoted to second lieutenant, April 28, 1863 ; first lieutenant in 1864, and received a captain's commission in 1865, which did not accept, having been appointed quartermaster of the regiment, which position I retained to the close of the war.

There were no other officers from Knox county in the regiment except, perhaps Sergeant Lindsey, who was promoted to a lieutenantcy and assigned to company F. Captain William Walker, being in a dying condition, resigned at Farmington, Mississippi, in the spring of 1862, and died at Milwood shortly after reaching home.

Of the original sixty-nine men of Captain Walker's company, but seventeen were mustered out with the regiment, in 1865; battles, disease and discharges account for the others.

I must say that the patriotic spirit manifested, and the generosity shown to the Forty-third by the citizens of Mount Vernon, by all parties and both sexes, while the regiment was quartered at camp Andrews, are worthy of all praise. Everything was done by the citizens to make the soldiers comfortable, contented and happy. The camp was daily in receipt of some token of the people's good will in the shape of luxuries and sweet-meats of all kinds; while the sick in the hospital were as well cared for and as kindly treated by the patriotic ladies as if they had been at home with their mothers, wives and sisters.

Muster-roll of company K, Forty-third Ohio regiment, mustered into the service February 14, 1862.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain William Walker, October 26, 1861.

First Lieutenant Moses R. Shalters, November 1, '61.

Second Lieutenant Isaac Young, December 18, '61.

PRIVATES.

(All enlisted in 1861)

Anderson, Simon, November 15, .

Butts, Joseph L., November 2,

Baker, Isaac, November 20,

Bonnet, Lewis, November 13,

Bird, George, November 23,

Buck, William, November 26,

Beck, George, December 5,

Butler, Laben, December 7,

Beal, Michael, December 8,

Bluebaugh, David, December 9,

Bluebaugh, Peter, December 12,

Bluebaugh, Levi, December 12.

Beltz, Moses, December 13,

Boohecker, Samuel, December 11,

Bates, Levi, December 21,

Calvin, Samuel Y., December 12,

Chapin, Lyman, October 29,

Clark, Philip, November 26,

Conkle, Philip, November 26,

Clark, George W., January 23,

Cope; John, November 28,

Cox, William, December 12,

Connell, George, November 12,

Denner, John G., November 7,

Dial, James, November 4,

Dennis, Noah, December 27,

Duck, Adams, December 10,

Edwards, Clark, November 4,

Everhart, John, December 12,

Faucett, John, November 30,

Fuller, Job, November 25,

Fabra, Anthony, November 9,

Flood, John, November 18,

Fry, Christopher, November 21,

Fry, Samuel, December 3,

Greer, Robert, November 23,

Graham, Alexander, November 17,

Green, Francis, December 6,

Green, John C., November 6,

Grove, Samuel, January 13,

Gibson, Adam, November 18,

Hall, John M., October 29,

Hour, John, November 13,

Hawn, Marion, November 25,

Hawn, John, November 25,

Hardenger, Frederick, November 30,

Hardenger, Jacob, November 30,

Hammill,--- December 17,

Horn, Christopher, December 9,

312 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Humes, Andrew, December 9,

Huddlestown, H., November 20,

Hanna, James D., November 15

King, William W., November 14,

King, Anthony, December 3,

Kirklin, Andrew, December 3,

Kiger, Richard, December 4,

Logsden, Francis, November 1,

Lepley, Josephus, November 13,

Lepley, Daniel, November 13,

Lybarger, Edwin, November 25,

Louis, Joseph, December 10,

McClain, James G., October 28,

McClusky, Peter, October 30,

McKinzey, John W., November 2,

McKinzey, Davis, November 1,

McGrevy, Henry, October 18,

Moore, Patrick, December 12,

Peigh, Henry, January 28,

Pearce, John, November 4,

Phillips, Peter, December 3,

Phillips, Joseph, January 25,

Packer, Josiah E., November 21,

Rice, Benjamin, November 9,

Ritcher, Lorrence, November 6,

Russell, Albert C., November 25,

Ruble, Miles, November 25,

Stull, Mathew, January 25,

Sapp, William, November 1,

Shrimplin, Van B., November 1,

Shrimplin, Allen, November 1,

Stull, Jeremiah, November 9,

Stull, William, November 20,

Shultz, Christopher, November 30,

Spurgen, Oliver, December 8,

Sapp, Joseph, November 23,

Sells, Emanuel, November 15,

Swartz, Christopher, November 6,

Shroyer, Newton, November 27,

Snider. Frederick, November 27,

Shelder, Eli, November 18,

Sutton, Caleb, November 16,

South, Benjamin, November 26,

South, Adam, December 9,

Speakman, James, October 21,

Shultz, Jacob, November 9,

Taylor, Oliver, December 8,

Tym, Benjamin, December 8,

Thompson, Arthur, December 4,

Teeters, Richard, November 8,

Ullery, Morgan, November 13,

Underwood, Obed, January 12,

Williard, Peters, November 13,

Wolf, John, December 6,

Wolf, Martin, December 10,

Warner, Edward, December 7,

Walton, Richard, January 1,

Workman, Jacob, December 16,

Workman, Amos, January 3,

Woods, Benjamin F., November 8,

Wallace, Henry H., November 12,

Wallace, Alexander, November 12,

The following men of this county enlisted in company C of this regiment, and were mustered in December 31, 1861:

PRIVATES.

(All enlisted in 1861)

Berril, Ananias, November 20,

Coffield, Jacob, December 5,

Fry, Harry C., December 5,

James, Origen, December 11,

Monson, Henry, December 3,

Murphy, Joseph, December 5,

Neal, William, December 20,

Rockwell, Tolbert, December 12,

Rouse, Erastus, November 20,

Vance, John, November 25,

Williams Adam, December 13,

COMPANY F, FORTY-THIRD O. V. I.

PRIVATES.

(All enlisted in 1861)

Barcus, Robert B., November 26,.

Curren, John, November 14

Campbell, John, November 26,

Holloway, John, November 23,

Hall, Thomas, November 20,

Hildebrandt, James S., November 20,

Hildebrandt, H, G., November 20,

Hall, John W., November 20,

Lindsley, John M., December 3,

Latham, William H., November 16,

Latham, John E., November 16,

Packer, Samuel, November 2,

Packer, Benjamin, November 20,

Price, Shaffer, December 2,

Stull, Jacob, January 2, 1862

Williby, John, November 28, 1862

COMPANY G, FORTY-THIRD O. V. I.

PRIVATES.

(All enlisted in 1861)

Arnold, Richard, December 25,

Armstrong, John M., December 4,

Boyle, Ephraim D., November, 30,

Colville, Joseph A., November 30

Dunbar, Edward L., November 23,

Knoles, Joseph L., December 24,

Kelley, Mathias, December 11,

Robert, Amos, December 2

Bunyan, William H., November 27

Black, Horatio B., November 23,

Shane, Francis L., November 22,

Wing, James L., November 28,

The regiment left Mount Vernon for the front February 21, 1862, and reported to Brigadier General John Pope, commanding the district of Mississippi on the twenty-sixth of February, and was immediately assigned to the Ohio brigade, composed of the Twenty-seventh, Thirty-ninth, Fortythird and Sixty-third regiments, First division, army of the Mississippi.

It was but a few days before the regiment was

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 313

introduced to active service, for in March, 1862, it was under fire at New Madrid, Missouri, and in all the operations against that post it bore a prominent part, especially in its final bombardment and capture on the thirteenth and fourteenth of March. The loss of the regiment in killed and wounded was quite severe.

It was in the movements against Island 10, and with the forces of General McCall in the capture of Tiptonville, Tennessee; it was also at the battle of Iuka, September 13, 1862. In all the operations of the army of the Mississippi around Corinth the Forty-third bore its part. Adjutant C. C. Hoyl and Van Buren Shrimplin, both of Knox county, were killed here. In the battle of the fourth of October, the Forty-third and Sixty-third Ohio claim to have done more to save the day than any other organizations. These regiments were posted, the Sixty-third immediately on the right, and the Fortythird immediately on the left of Battery Robinett, and between that battery and Battery Williams, and were entirely without works or protection of any sort. The grand assault was made by the rebels at daylight on the fourth. They opened on Battery Robinett with artillery at about three hundred yards, and at 10 A. M., led by Colonel Rogers of the Second Texas, moved forward to the assault. The Forty-third and Sixty-third Ohio stood firmly at their posts, and succeeded in staggering the assaulting column, and hurling it back, at a time when the National lines were broken, and troops appeared to be flying from every other part of the field. The opposing forces were but few feet apart and fought almost hand-to-hand, and men went down on both sides in great numbers. The casualties among the men were very severe. In a few minutes of fighting over one-fourth of those engaged of the Forty-third were either killed or wounded. The loss in the Sixty-third was nearly half of those engaged.

During 1863, the regiment was engaged, mostly in Tennessee in scouting, skirmishing, marching from place to place, and doing guard duty. In December of that year the regiment almost unanimously re-enlisted as veterans, and came home on furlough.

Upon the expiration of the furlough, they returned to the front in a body, and their first skirmish was at the taking from the rebels of Decatur, Alabama, which they occupied until the opening of Sherman's campaign against Atlanta.

While at Decatur the Ohio brigade was discontinued and a new brigade made, composed of the Forty-third and Sixty-third Ohio, Twenty-fifth Wisconsin, and Thirty-fifth New Jersey regiments, and placed under command of Colonel John W. Sprague, of the Sixty-third Ohio, and designated as the Second brigade, Fourth division, Sixteenth army corps.

The first battle in which the Forty-third was engaged in Sherman's victorious march, was at Resaca, where its loss was quite severe. The next day after the battle the regiment was engaged in skirmishing, and the same evening (May 14th) Sprague's brigade was sent to the support of General Logan, who was to make an assault on the position commanding the bridge across) the Oostenaula. The assault was made about sunset, and it was found necessary to send Sprague's brigade in order to hold the ground gained by Logan.

The brigade moved forward in fine style and not only occupied the ground from whence their comrades were about being driven, but pushed the National lines up still further to the front and held the position thus gained until the night of May 15th, against repeated attempts to dislodge them. All that day was spent in heavy skirmishing with the enemy. The members of the Forty-third, as was their custom, took the advance in this mode of fighting, and it was made a day memorable in the annals of the regiment. The rebel skirmish line was literally annihilated, and the dead found the next morning where they had fallen, the rebels having retired during the night.

At Dallas the regiment took an important part in the advance on the enemy's position near Big Shanty, and soon thereafter were engaged in the siege of Kenesaw, with its deadly skirmishing, grand cannonading, and the disastrous repulse of the National forces on the twenty-ninth of June.

On the morning of July 22d Colonel Swayne, in command of the Forty-third Ohio and Ninth Illinois mounted infantry, started for Decatur, twenty miles distant, with a train of some fifteen hundred wagons.

The train was attacked by Iverson's rebel divis-

314 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

ion, assigned to the duty of taking it, while Wheeler with two other divisions were to capture Sprague and his small command in Decatur. Through the audacity of Colonel Sprague, combined with the fearlessness and discipline of his command, although repulsed in a severe. fight, not a wagon was lost. Thus was averted a calamity that must have been fatal to the National army at that time. On entering the town the next day it was found that the enemy had lost over six hundred men in the fight of the day previous, fully two-thirds of the National force in action. During the remainder of the Atlanta campaign, the Forty-third shared the trials and glories of the Sixteenth corps; and on the fourth and seventh of August, particularly, in advancing the National lines, won the thanks of Ransom, the division commander, by splendid and steady fighting.

After the fall of Atlanta the regiment was attached, in the reorganization, to the Seventeenth corps, and joined in the pursuit of Hood; but returning to Atlanta joined Sherman in his "march to the sea."

The last battle of the Forty-third was at River's Ridge on Sherman's march through the Carolinas, where the gallant Swayne lost a leg. A charge was made by the regiment on a battery which commanded the bridge and the causeway approaching it. Down the narrow causeway the regiment rushed amid a storm of shot and shell, compelling the enemy to withdraw the battery and uncover the crossing.

The regiment participated in the grand review at Washington and was mustered out of service July 13, 1865.

THE SIXTY-FIFTH REGIMENT.

Two and a half companies from Knox county appear in the Sixty-fifth Ohio regiment, the organization of which began at Camp Buckingham, Mansfield, Ohio, in the latter part of the summer of 1861. Early in October of that year Mr. Alexander Cassil, of Mount Vernon, was commissioned to raise' a company for this regiment. Mr. N. L. Williams was also actively engaged in recruiting, and together they, with others, raised two companies, which subsequently became companies A and F. These companies were largely recruited in the eastern part of the county.; Captain Cassil's, especially, being raised mostly in the vicinity of Milwood. These companies joined the regiment at Camp Buckingham; Captain Cassil's joining October 23, 1861, before it was filled to the required number. They were filled up during the months of October, November, and December, 1861. In October, 1862, a draft was ordered, and forty-four more men from Knox were assigned to this regiment.

Following are the muster rolls of these companies:

Muster roll of company A. Sixty-fifth Ohio regiment mustered into the service December 6, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Alexander Cassil, October 10, 1861.

First Lieutenant Albert Ellis, October 5, "

Second Lieutenant Jacob Hammond, October 5, "

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

(All enlisted in 1861)

First Sergeant Oscar D. Welker, October 5,

Sergeant Franklin Pealer, October 10,

Sergeant John Bady, October 10,

Sergeafit Thomas McElroy, October 23,

Sergeant Stephen Craig, October 10,

Corporal Solomon Hedgington, October 19,

Corporal William Hibbits, October 5.

Corporal Freeman Snow, October 5,

Corporal Alexander Atchison, October 14,

Corporal Milton S. Sweed, October 10,

Corporal Leander Kelley, October 23,

Corporal Amos Baker, October 5,

Corporal Amos Humbert, October 10,

Drummer Nathaniel Critchfield, October 23,

Fifer Joseph Critchfield, October 5,

PRIVATES.

(Enlisted in 1861)

Beaman, Norman, October 23,

Beltz, John T., October 16,

Banbury, Solomon, October 18,

Burris, John, October 17.

Burris, George. December 6,

Buchanan, Smith, October 23,

Barron, James, November 2,

Cake, Howard, October 10,

Colwell, Daniel, October 17,

Cassil, Columbus D., 28,

Ellis, Lyman, October 5,

Farrer, Wilkinson, October 12,

Frizzle, Allen, October 19,

Frost, Otho, October 17,

Frost, Levi, November 1,

Greer, Peter, October 19

Greenlun, Thomas, November 19,

Greenlun, Marion, October 14,

Greenlun, Wesley, October 14,

Haw, Andrew, October 8,

Hoar, Thomas. October 10,

Hartgrove, Henry, October 23,

Hartesty, John, October 23,

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 315

(All enlisted in 1861)

Henwood, Samuel C., November 5,

Hedington, Nathan, October 19,

Johnston, Orange, October 5,

Johnston, Lloyd, October 28,

Jordon, George, October 21,

Lahman, Augustus, October 10

Larrabee, Enos, October 19,

Lybarger, Jacob, October 8,

Lybarger, Jasper R., October 19,

Lybarger, Alonzo C., October to,

Lyllie, Ransom, October 8,

McElroy, David, November 2

McGugin, William, October 18,

McGugin, John, October 23,

Mavis William, October 11

Mavis, Linas, October 19,

Marsh, Hollis S., November 18,

Miller, William McM., October 5,

Mars, James, October 27,

Miers, Joseph, November 2

Mathery, Simeon, November 26.

Pasco, Charles H., October 5,

Rummel, John, October 10

Reghtmire, Charles H., October 5,

Stratton, John, November 8,

Shaw, William B., October 10,

Shellenbarger, James J., October 17,

Stull, Martin V., October 18,

Stillinger, George, October 8,

Stout, Joseph, October 29,

Spindler, David, October 10,

Stratton, Albert, November 20,

Stratton, Frances, October 20, .

Tweed, Robert A., October 5,

Turbet, John, October 21,

Wright, Lewis A.. October 11,

Wirick, James L., October 11,

Wright, Darius J, October 23.

Wolford, George, October 16,

Witt, Henry, October 8,

Welker, Clayburn, October 8,

Young, Jacob, October 23,

Young, Michael, November 2,

Zimmerman, Daniel October 5.

Zimmerman, Jacob, October 5,

Zimmerman, David, October 10,

Muster-roll of company F, Sixty-fifth Ohio regiment, mustered into the service November 30, 1861:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain, R. M. Voorhes, October 18, 1861.

First Lieutenant, N. L. Williams, October 7, 1861

Second Lieutenant, Jasper P. Brady, October 23, 1861

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

(All enlisted in 1861)

First Sergeant Andrew J. Stiffler October 1,

Sergeant Leander R. Houghland, October 5,

Sergeant Philip P. McCune, October 15,

Sergeant George Hoxworth, October 10,

Sergeant James W. Simpson, October 17,

Corporal John J. Albertson, October 28,

Corporal Francis H. Kleine, October 28,

Corporal Joseph S. Covert, October 5,

Corporal George W. McFadden, October 14,

Corporal William A. Bell, October 8.

Corporal David Randolph, October 5,

Corporal James McMonigal, October 6.

Corporal Riley Clark, October 14;

Drummer Samuel McNulty, October 19,

PRIVATES.

(All enlisted in 1861)

Ashbaugh, Andrew, November 11,

Beitell Herman L., October 5

Boner, Isaiah, October 17,

Bunting, William, November 9,

Brophy, John, October 10,

Byers, Jacob, October 19,

Borden, Andrew, October 25,

Brent, Edward W., December 14,

Buckmaster, Samuel, November 30,

Crosky, Michael, October 18,

Carnahan, Gasper, October 14,

Carnahan, William, November 4

Corberant, Francis, November 4.

Coffins, Augustus November 5,

Corroman, :flex M., November 2,

Durler, Fredrick, October 10,

Douglass John, October 28,

Day, William, October 15,

Ewalt, John, October 26,

Foster, Arlington, October 31,

Funk, Jethro, November 14

Fogle, Henry, October 23,

Gwin, Noah C., November 2,

Goodrich, Loyd, October 12,

Goodrich, Louis, November 14,

Garret, John, November 18,

Hudnot, John, November 6,

Hile, John, November 4,

Huffman, Henry, October 11,

Hupp, Harvey, October 22,

Johnson, George, October 12,

Jennings, Charles, November 27,

Knox, Andrew, October 28,

Krow, George W., October 16,

Kidd, John C., October 19,

Lucas, Robert O., October 26,

Low, George W., October 15,

Lynch, Hiram, October 10,

Miller, Hiram D., October 12,

McCormick, Ebenezer, October 19,

Moore, William A., October 28,

McCune, James W, October 28,

McBride, Michael, October 30,

McCarty, Josephus, October 8,

McConky, George, October 25,

Miers, George, October 30,

Miers, Azro, October 31,

Montacue, Benjamin, November 12,

Neiswander, James, October 8,

Peters, John W., October 22,

Peters, Daniel M., November 9

Pyers, David, November 2

Pierce, William, November 27,

316 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

(All enlisted in 1861)

Rinehart, Abraham, November 2,

Ray, Charles N., November 6,

Rinehart, Preston, N., November 14,

Rowley, Jerome R., November 21,

Speelman, George J., October 8,

Sowash, John, October 8,

Sprague, Benjamin F., October 8,

Simpkerson, George G., October 31,

Snyder, Simon, November 2,

Steele, Charles, November 2,

Shreve, William N., November 6,

Shirts, Samuel E., October 29,

Shafer, Joseph, October 8,

Snyder, David C., October 9,

Swackhammer, George, November 3,

Tuttle, Joel, October 17,

Voorhies, C. E., October 15,

Wollard, Joseph, October 19,

Woods, Hugh, October 22,

Waegley, William N:, November 11,

Boner, Andrew J., October 23,

Close, Joseph, October 12,

Speakman, James, October 19,

Anthony, William, October 22,

Page, William Warner, October 19,

Packer, George, October 22,

Packer, James, October 22,

Keefer, Frederick:, October 28,

Drafted men called into service; assigned to the Sixty-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, and mustered into the service November 11, 1862:

PRIVATES.

(All drafted October 10, 1861)

Adams, Allison,

Barret, Thomas,

Burnett, Thomas S.,

Brown, George M.,

Bushfield, George E.,

Bedell, Warren,

Bricker, William,

Cain, Robert,

Cain, James B.,

Coleman, John,

Clark. Allen,

Clutter, Walden,

Clark, Thomas,

Culbertson, Milo,

Connell, John,

Day, Jehiel F.,

Doup, George,

Dickerson, Barrick,

Everett, William S.,

Headington, Clark,

Hinkle, Henry,

Huber, David,

Hess, Abraham,

Iden, Mahlon,

Kald, Joseph S.,

Kirkpatrick, S. C.,

Kost, Delonn,

McElroy, James,

Myers, Joseph,

Parmenter, George,

Park, Madison,

Pinkley, John,

Roof, Perry,

Rockwell, Daniel B.,

Ransom, Robert B.,

Shaffer, Mathias

Simpkins, Selah,

Smith, Levi,

Taylor, Hugh A.,

Thompson, David,

Vian, Elijah,

Witherow, William J.,

Weller, Henry,

Farmer, Van Buren,

The Sixty-fifth became a part of the "Sherman brigade" and was mustered into the service, December 1st, 1861. On the eighteenth of the same month it moved to Louisville byway of Cincinnati, where it remained a week and then marched to Camp Morton, four miles east of Bardstown, where it arrived on the thirtieth of December. It was brigaded with the Sixty-fourth Ohio, Fifty-first Indiana and Ninth Kentucky. Colonel Harker of the Sixty-fifth commanded the brigade and General Wood the division.

January 13, 1862, the brigade broke camp and passing through Bardstown, Springfield, Lebanon, Haysville, Danville, and Stanford, Kentucky, arrived at Hall's Gap on the twenty-fourth. The regiment was ordered to Corduroy roads, the country being swampy. The labor was severe and miasma engendered disease to such a degree that many of the men died. February 7th the regi. ment marched to Lebanon and on the twelfth embarked on the cars for Green river. It arrived at Camp Woods, near Mumfordsville, on the thirteenth, where it remained until the twenty-third when it crossed Green river on the railroad bridge, and passing Bowling Green, Franklin, Tyree Springs and Goodlettsville, arrived at Nashville, March 13th, and went into camp two and a half miles southeast of the city.

On the twenty-ninth of March, with General Garfield in command, the brigade marched by way of Columbia to Savannah, where it arrived on the sixth of April, and on the morning of the seventh it moved on steamer to Pittsburgh Landing. At 4 P. M. it was on the battlefield, but did not become actively engaged; however it lost two

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 317

men wounded. It participated in the movements against Corinth, and during the siege was under fire almost hourly. After the evacuation of Corinth and during the remainder of the summer and fall it was engaged in marching and countermarching to various places,

In the reorganization of the army at Nashville. under General Rosecrans the regiment. remained in its old brigade, Colonel Harker commanding.

On the twenty-sixth of December the brigade moved on the Nashville Pike, in Crittenden's corps, fighting its way into Lavergne, across Stewart's Creek and up to Stone river. On the night of the twenty-ninth the brigade crossed Stone river under orders, the men wading in water to their arm-pits in the face of a murderous fire. The opposite bank was gained and a line formed, but the supports failed to come up, and the brigade was ordered to retire, which it did in good order. Crittenden's corps lay on its arms all night and during the whole of the next day; it was waiting for McCook to move on the right. Early on the morning of the thirty-first McCook's corps was driven back, and Harker's brigade was ordered to its support. The brigade met a storm of bullets and a solid column of exultant rebels. For eight hours the brigade was heavily engaged and at last succeeded in checking the rebel army. All the commissioned officers of company A were either killed or wounded, and Sergeant Culbertson Henwood bravely took command and led it through the battle. He was promoted to second lieutenant by Governor Tod. The regiment was under fire during the entire engagement, and lost heavily.

The following letter from Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Cassil, now a resident of Mt Vernon, written shortly after the battle, speaks for itself. Captain Cassil, of company A, was promoted to lieutenant colonel August 8, 1862, and commanded the regiment at the battle of Stone river.

HEADQUARTERS 65TH O. V. I.,

NEAR MURFREESBOROUGH, TENNESSEE.

January 9, 1863.

W. C. COOPER, ESQ.-Dear Sir: The great battle of Murfreesborough (Stone River) has been fought; the roar of the cannon has ceased for the present; the smoke of the battlefield has partially cleared away; the dead have been buried; the wounded are being cared for as well as circumstances will permit, and I am sufficiently recovered from my injuries received on the memorable thirty-first of December, x862, to sit up for a short time, and propose to occupy that time in writing you a brief note. My injuries were received by my horse being shot under me, and the ground being rough and rocky, he fell on me, bruising me badly, but not seriously or dangerously I also received a slight wound in the hand from a bullet. But my wounds are nothing when compared with many, very many others.

It is not my purpose to try to give a history of the battle; I will leave that for those whose business it is; nor is it my purpose to enter into detail concerning the part that the Sixty-fifth regiment took in the engagement; an official report will be made of this. Neither is it my intention to pass a eulogy on the brave dead and wounded of our regiment, or to speak glowingly of the deeds of the survivors; a glance at our casualties, a contemplation of our decimated ranks, speaks more eloquently of their worth, of their bravery, of their daring, of their self-sacrificing devotion to their country's honor, than anything I could say. One thing permit me to say: that so long as life endures or memory lasts, I will remember with pride that I had the honor to command so noble a band of patriots in this great struggle as were and are to be found in the Sixty-fifth regiment. But my purpose is to ask you, through the columns of the Republican, to give to the relatives, friends and neighbors of company A a correct report of the casualties in said company, which I had the honor of bringing into the service, and commanding as their captain for one year.

The Sixty-fifth regiment went into the fight with fifteen commissioned officers, and about four hundred men present. Our loss is two commissioned officers and thirty-two non-commis, sioned officers and privates killed; nine commissioned officers and one hundred and two non-commisssioned officers and privates wounded, and about thitty privates missing.

The casualties of company A are as follows:

Killed.-Sergeant William Hibbets; privates William Buchannan and Milan Hammell.

Wounded, and since died.-Corporal Daniel Colwell and private Jacob Young.

Wounded, and still living.-Second Lieutenant Franklin Pealer, thigh broken corporals M. S. Tweed, in the hip; Amos Humbert, in the arm, severely; Augustus Laham, breast, Beverly; Peter Greer, breast, severely; James Mears, leg and arm, severely; privates Loyd Johnson, hand, slightly; Lines Mavisshoulder, slightly; Joel Wymer, shoulder, severely; Jacob Lybarger, arm- and shoulder, severely; Jasper R. Lybarger, leg, severely; James Shellenberger, foot, severely; Hollis L. Marsh, leg, severely.

Missing.-Privates James L. Wyrick, Allen Frizzle, Andrew How and James McElroy.

Of the men of Knox county who were enlisted by Lieutenant N. L. Williams, the following were wounded: Privates William Day, in the shoulder; Joseph Shaffer, in the ankle.

Casualties among the drafted men from Knox county, as far as I could learn are: S. C. Kirkpatrick, wounded in the leg, slightly; George Brown, in leg, slightly; William Errett and Thomas Clark, missing.

All I might say in praise of those brave men would not restore to bereaved friends their dead, nor alleviate the sufferings of the wounded, nor add additional laurels to the brow of the living; but the least that I can say What those who fell, fell bravely and manfully, battling for the right.

The wounded are patient, yes, ever cheerful, under their misfortunes, and those who escaped uninjured are in good spirits and ready to again meet the enemies of our common country in

318 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

deadly conflict, until treason is put down, and every man learns to acknowledge the supremacy of the constitution and the laws.

ALEX. CASSIL, Lt. Col. 65th Regt. O. V. I.

The following interesting items, regarding company A, are from a private correspondence. The writer says, regarding the siege of Corinth

From April 8th to June 1st it was one continuous battle, the history of which has never been written, nor will it ever be, Captain Cassil was the first in the regiment to receive a gunshot wound. As usual he was acting in the capacity of field officer, and was ordered out with six companies to relieve another regiment on picket duty. After posting his men he made his way cautiously to the picket line with a Springfield rifle in his hand. Picket firing was popular, and the besieged and besiegers were continually popping away at each other. The captain was anxious for a shot, and secreted himself behind some bushes to watch for a chance. There was air open field in front, with a fence hidden by bushes on the opposite side of it. The captain shortly made a discovery and fired after deliberate aim, at the same instant that the rebel, at whom his shot was aimed, fired upon him. Captain Cassil was slightly wounded. Much sickness prevailed in the army during this siege, and two of company A, C. D. Cassil and Robert Tweed, died. William Shaw and Jacob Zimmerman subsequently died from disease contracted here.

Prior to December, 1862, some changes occurred among the officers of company A. Captain Cassil had been promoted to lieutenant-colonel; Lieutenants Ellis and Hammond had resigned; Sergeant Walker had been promoted to second and then to first lieutenant, and sergeant B. F. Pealer had been promoted to second lieutenant. Thus organized, the advance on Murfreesborough began, with company A on the skirmish line. The operations of the regiment in this battle have been given.

After the battle the regiment remained at Murfreesborough until June 7, 1863, when it moved to the vicinity of Chattanooga, and on the seventh of September skirmished with the enemy, losing one man. During the first day of the battle of Chickamauga the regiment was held in reserve at Lee & Gordon's mills until five o'clock in the afternoon, when it became briskly engaged. It moved to the left centre and lay on its arms all night. At 10 A. M. the next day it advanced about a mile, but was driven back to a ridge on which it re-formed. Fighting continued all day with alternate success and reverse. On the night of the second the army fell back to Mission Ridge, and from there to Chattanooga. In this engagement the regiment lost three officers killed and five wounded, and thirteen men killed, sixty wounded, and twenty-four missing. During the siege at Chattanooga supplies became exceedingly scarce, and men and animals suffered greatly. The regiment participated in the battle of Mission Ridge with a loss of one officer wounded, and one man killed, and thirteen wounded. .

In the Atlanta campaign the Sixty-fifth was tinder fire almost constantly. At Lookout Mountain it lost three men wounded and one missing. At Resaca it lost one officer wounded, one man killed, and four wounded. At Marietta it lost one officer, killed, one man killed, and ten wounded. In a skirmish near Kennesaw it lost two men wounded, and in the charge on Kenesaw it lost one officer killed, one wounded, and two men killed, and six wounded. In this charge Brigadier-General Harker, formerly colonel of the Sixty-fifth, was killed.

The following item regarding this gallant officer is from the Cincinnati Gazette, published about the time the battle was fought:

When Harker perceived that his column had halted, and that the men were lying under the crest of a ridge, he rode forward and asked Colonel Bradley (Fortieth Indiana), who commanded one wing of the brigade, if he did not think it best to venture another charge. Colonel Bradley replied that he believed the men's energies had already been tested to the utmost. "At least," said Harker, "we may try what can be done;' saying which he galloped up to his men, took off his hat, waved it and called upon them to follow him. Animated by the voice of their beloved leader the soldiers sprang to their feet and rushed after him to the crest of the hill. Alas! the first volley from the rebel works disabled every man near the general, and the heroic Harker himself reeled and fell from his saddle. A bullet had shattered his arm, entered his side and passed through his body. There were those who loved him and who, in spite of death and danger, bore him from the field. A few hours after, he breathed his last, dying as he lived, a soldier, a patriot and a Christian.

Thus fell one of the brightest ornaments of the service; one of the most loved and valued officers. Since the beginning of the war Ohio has laid no costlier sacrifice upon the alter of our country's freedom than the life of General Charles G. Hanker.

Knox county was well represented at this terrible battle and many a gallant life went out. Captain N. L Williams was also killed here while leading his men to the assault on the enemy's works. He was among the first to leap the works, and at the head of his column fell mortally wounded, being struck in the head by a musket ball. He was one of the best of officers, ever ready and faithful in the discharge of his duties. At a subsequent meeting of the officers of the Sixty-fifth appropriate resolu-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 319

tions were adopted, expressive of their sentiments regarding the death of Captain Williams.

Following the battle of Kennesaw came that at Peachtree Creek, where the regiment lost four men wounded and one missing; and at Atlanta on the twenty-second of July, it lost one man killed and one wounded. The regiment participated in the flanking movement to 'Jonesboro'; and from there advanced to Lovejoy. After the evacuation of Atlanta it fell back to that place and went into camp. Here it remained about three weeks and then moved in pursuit of Hood.

On the twenty-ninth of November the regiment participated in the battle of Springfield, losing two officers wounded (one of whom was captured), and five men killed, twenty wounded and fourteen missing. On the thirtieth of November it was engaged in the battle of Franklin, with a loss of one man killed, twenty-two wounded and twenty-one missing. The non-veterans were discharged on the third of October, 1864, leaving the regiment with an aggregate of one hundred and thirty men. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Nashville and pursuit of the rebel army across the Tennessee, after which it went into camp at Nashville, where it remained until June, 1865, when it went to New Orleans and into Texas. It performed garrison duty at San Antonio until December, 1865, when it was ordered to Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, where it was mustered out, paid off and discharged January 2, 1866.

CHAPTER XXXV.

WAR OF THE REBELLION-CONTINUED.

COMPANIES A AND B, NINETY-SIXTH REGIMENT-ORGANI

ZATION-FIELD OFFICERS-MUSTER ROLLS-OUTLINE HIS

TORY OF THE REGIMENT WHILE IN SERVICE-COLONEL J.

W. VANCE-MUSTER OUT.

UPON the call of the President for troops in the summer of 1862, four companies were immediately raised in Knox county. The two first completed went into the Ninety-sixth Ohio, and the other two into the One Hundred and Twenty-first. Joseph W. Vance, a young and promising lawyer of Mt Vernon, who had,-been loyal and active in all that was being done to sustain the Government, was commissioned to form a regiment in the Eighth Congressional district. This regiment rendezvoused at Camp Delaware, became the Ninety-sixth, and the two companies from Mt. Vernon were, through the influence probably of Colonel Vance, assigned positions at the head of the regiment, and became companies A and B.

The field and line officers of this regiment were largely composed of those who had seen service in other regiments. Colonel Vance was without military knowledge, but courageous and able; Lieutenant Colonel A. H: Brown had seen service in Mexico, and had also been a captain in the Fourth Ohio, both in the three months' and three years' service. The major, Charles H. McElroy, had been a captain in the Twentieth Ohio.

The officers of company A upon its first organization were Captain William Mitchell, First Lieutenant William Young, Second Lieutenant George H. Terry. Captain Mitchell had been for several years superintendent and manager of the public schools of Mt. Vernon.

The officers of company B upon its first organization were Captain Joseph Leonard, First Lieutenant Henry P. Bennett, Second Lieutenant William S. Wing.

These two companies bade adieu to their friends and left for Camp Delaware early in August, 1862, and on the twenty-ninth of the same month the Ninety-sixth regiment was organized It numbered one thousand and fourteen men, rank and file.

The following list comprises the names of the members company A, Ninety-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry, with the date of enlistment:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain William Mitchell, July 21, '62.

First Lieutenant William M. Young, August 5, '62.

Second Lieutenant George H. Terry, July 23, '62.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Orderly Sergeant Lewis H. Mitchell.

Sergeant William Roberts, August 6, '62.

Sergeant John M. Ewalt, " 5, '62.

Sergeant George Trone " 6, '62.'

Sergeant Spencer D. Lincoln, " 2, '62.

First Corporal john H. Knode.

Corporal George H. Lybarger, August 5, '62.

Corporal Daniel N. Cooper, " 2, '62.

Corporal Alfred R. McIntyre " 9, '62.

320 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Corporal Albert C. Williams, August 7, '62.

Corporal Edward W. McGiffin " 2, '62.

Corporal Percival Pumphrey, " 7, '62.

Corporal George E. Browning " 1, '62.

Musician Thomas F. Kirk, " 2, '62.

Musician Thomas R. Bowland, " 2, '62.

Musician Charles H. Lauderbaugh, February 29, '64.

Wagoner Newton A. Chambers, August 8, '62.

PRIVATES.

Anthony, George W. August 7, '62.

Armstrong, James C., August 7, '62.

Beam, Isaac W., August 5, '62.

Bender, Martin, August 4, '62.

Blocher, D. E., October 3, '64.

Borden, Nathaniel B., August 6, '62.

Bostwick, Henry C., July 28, '62.

Bounds, Isaac N., February 29, '64.

Bowers, Charles, August 8, '62.

Briggs, Adaniram J., August 6, '62.

Brock, William, August 7, '62.

Browning, Rolland P., August 4, '62.

Carson, George A., August 5, '62.

Case, Aaron, August 4, '62.

Chadwick, Daniel, August 4, '62.

Clements, James H., August 4, '62.

Conger, Madison, August 4, '62.

Cummins, Albert, August 4, '62.

Devoe, James W., August 7, '62.

DeWitt, John W., March 9, '62.

Disney, Judson, August 8, '62.

Dodd, Levi N., August 7, '62.

Emmens, Albert, August 9, '62,

Finnarty, George W., August 6, '62.

Fordney, William, August 7, '62.

Fuller, George S., February 28, '64.

Graff, James K. P., August 7, '62.

Green, William, August 8, '62.

Hayes, Olney K., August '62.

Herrington, James H„ August 8, '62

Hildreth, George E., August 6, '62.

Hildreth, Henry M., August 28, '62.

Hildreth, Veloscoe. August 1, '62.

Hoffman, Levi L., August 8, '62.

Hoffman, James M., August 9. '62.

Hutton, James T., July 29, '62.

Jackson, John W., August 9. '62.

Karror, Henry, October 3, '64.

Keller, John, August 9, '62.

Kirby, Eben B., August 9, '62.

Kirk, John E., August 8, '62.

Knode, McNeil, August 2, '62.

Kring, Isaac, August 7, '62.

Lamson, Alvin, August 8, '62.

Lauderbaugh, Hugh, August 7, '62.

Lawton, Peter, August 7, '62.

Magaw, John, August 4, '62.

Martin, Joel R. P., August 2. '62.

Martin, William C., July 31, '62.

McCulloch, Barney, August 2, '62.

McElroy, John, February 21, '64.

McGrady, Daniel W., July 28, '62.

McGraw, William, August 1, '62.

McGrew, William A., August 4, '62.

Meeker, Norton A., August 8, '62.

Mitzger, Charles E., October 3, '64.

Moody, John R., August 8, '62.

Moore, Aaron B., August 6, '62.

Pierce, Isaac, August 8, '62.

Penrose, Henry, August 8, 62.

Phillips. Thomas R., August 5, '62.

Porter, William, August 1, '62.

Pitkin, Ebenezer, August 1, '62.

Premer, Philo, August 7, '62.

Rigler, George, August 5, '62.

Razor, Benjamin, August 1, '62.

Robertson, Jesse P., August 5, '62.

Roupe, George, August 7, '62.

Roupe, Jacob, August 7, '62.

Roupe, Michael, August 7, '62.

Small, Samuel, February 21, '64.

Sperry, Wilmot, August 5, '62.

Sprague, Braley, August 19, '62.

Stull, George W., February 24, '64.

Tarr, John, August 9, '62.

Tathwell, Edwin, August 5, '62.

Taylor, John W., August 2, '62.

Terrill, M. L., August 9, '62.

Thompson, Eugene I., July 30, '62.

Tilten, George H., August 2, '62.

Trimble, Thomas H., August 4, 62.

Vance, Harvey, August 4, '62.

Ward, Jonas, August 8, '62.

Warden, Charles H., August 9, '62.

Watkins, Nathaniel D., August 5, '62.

Welch, Joseph B., March 29,'64.

Whitney, Walter S., August 2, '62.

Williams, Lewis H., January 2, '64.

Woods, Josiah, July 3, '62.

Wright, George, August 9, '62.

W right, Joseph P., August 9, '62.

Zimmerman, Andrew J., August 9, '62.

The following list comprises the members of company B, Ninety-sixth Ohio volunteer infantry, with date of enlistment:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Joseph Leonard, July 21, 1862.

First Lieutenant Henry P. Bennett, August 12, 1862.

Second Lieutenant William S. Wing, July 23, .1862.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

(All enlisted in 1862)

First Sergeant Phineas Faucett, August 11,

Sergeant M. J. Bennett, August 15,

Sergeant Henry L. Badger, July 25,

Sergeant George W. Lore, August 12,

Sergeant William H. Mast, August 12,

First Corporal Joseph T. Jacobs, August 11,

Corporal David Bonar, August 11,

Corporal Henry B. Snediker, August 12,

Corporal Daniel G. Anderson, July 25,

Corporal Thornton F. Black, August 9,

Corporal John T. Trusdell, August 11,

Corporal William E. Burk, August 11,

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 321

Corporal John A. Peoples, August 12, 1862.

Musician W. S. McGinley, August 13, "

Musician Columbus D. Popham, August 11, "

Wagoner William H. Wright, August 11, "

PRIVATES.

Beck, Jonas, August 12, 1862.

Black, Lyman W., August 9, "

Barker, Ziba B., August 11, "

Ball, Thomas J., August 11, "

Beers, Theodore L., August 13, "

Barnes, Wilbert E., August 9, "

Barnes, Wilson, August 11, "

Barker, Patterson, August 11, "

Ball, John N., August 13, "

Bennett, James, August 6, "

Burrows, Frederick S., "

Burr, Jesse T., August 15, "

Carpenter, Evan, August 12, "

Calhoun, Andrew, August 9, "

Craven, John H., August 11, "

Colwell, William H., August 11, "

Craft, Frank, August 11, "

Craig, Nathan, August 11, "

Dickson, Alfred J., August 12, "

Davis, Norman, August 12, "

Dowds, William B., August 11, "

Durbin, Benjamin, August 11, "

Dush, Calvin, August 13, "

Edgar, Jesse K., August 12, "

Eggleston, Hiram, August 11, "

Fabes, William R., August 12, "

Farquhar, Valentine, August 9, "

Feaster, Jacob, August 13, "

Greenlee, Barnet B., August 13, "

Heweler, George W., August 13, "

Hardin, Job, August 11, "

Habbs, Samuel M., August 11, "

Hardin, Solomon, August 12, "

Hardinger, George, August 12, "

Hess, John, August 9, "

Hibbetts, Thomas, August 9, "

Hardin, John, August 11; "

Henry, Daniel, August 12: "

Hess, Samuel A., August 12, "

Hill, Franklin, February 2, 1864.

Ireland, David D., August 13, 1862.

Kring, William, August 11, "

Keefer, Daniel, August 11, "

Lafever, William P., August 10, "

Lemmar, George, August 7, "

Link, William, August 11, "

Lafferee, William McH., August 11, "

Lewis Milford, August 11, "

Myers, James, August 7, "

McClurg. George, August 9, "

Morrison, Samuel, August 13, "

Minard, Nathan W., August 11, "

Oxley, Jeremiah, August 12, "

Penrose, Morris, August 12, "

Phillips, Ira M., August 12, "

Parker, Thomas, August 12, "

Rhodes, Benjamin, August 2, 1862.

Redding, Marquis D. L., August 13, "

Rowley, John R., August 11, "

Rice, John, August 12, "

Reynolds, John P., July 25, "

Robinson, Squire, August 9, "

Stokes, Samuel, August 11, "

Sevems, Loring L., August 9, "

Shirr, Benjamin, August 11, "

Smith, John B., August 11, "

Severns, Henry H., August 11, "

Slaymon, John, August 12, "

Scarbrough, William H., August 11, "

Stilley, Robert T., August 12, "

Tressel, John C., August 8, "

Fish, George W., August 11, "

Thayer, Alfred A., August 13, "

Thayer, Isaiah J., August 13, "

Tress, Charles, July 25, "

Walter, John W., January 16, 1864.

Wright, David, August 11, 1862.

Wright, William A., August 11, "

Workman, Zachariah, August 12, "

Weirich, George, August 13, "

Walker, John W., August 12, "

Walter, Orin L., August 11, "

Wheatcraft, Cyrenius, August 9, "

Young, Jacob, August 11, "

Walter, George A., February 11, 1864.

September 1st the regiment left Camp Delaware and the same night went into quarters at Covington, Kentucky. On the eighth it went into camp three miles back of Newport, Kentucky, and occupied the advance on a part of the Federal lines during the threatened advance upon Cincinnati of General Kirby Smith. October 8th the regiment marched to Falmouth, Kentucky, where it remained until the twentieth, when it marched to Nicholasville, arriving there November 1st, and remaining about a week when it went to Louisville. Leaving the latter place on the nineteenth of November it reached Memphis and went into camp on the twenty-seventh.

December 21st it embarked at Memphis as part of the expedition under command of General W. T. Sherman, destined "down the river." On the twenty-fifth of December it landed at Millikin's Bend, Louisiana, and made a forced march with the brigade, under command of General Burbridge, to Dallas Station, on the Vicksburgh, Shreveport & Tensas railroad; destroyed the bridge across the Tensas and about a mile of track and trestlework. It returned the next day to the transports, having marched fifty miles in two and a half days, destroy

322 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

ing a large amount of railroad property, and burned several depots of rebel cotton. The next day it followed the army to Johnston's Landing, on the Yazoo river; landed the same night and marched out to Chickasaw Bayou. Getting into position at 10, A. M., the regiment took part in the first attack on Vicksburgh. It returned with the army and embarked for "up the river" January 1, 1863.

On the tenth of January, 1863, it landed near Arkansas Post, and on the eleventh engaged in the severe battle at that place, resulting in the capture of the rebel forces and works. Companies A and B were in the thickest of the battle and suffered some loss. In company A, Corporal E. W. Mc Giffin, V. B. Hildreth, and J. H. Clements were killed, and Sergeant George Thorne, J. T. Hutton, Norton A. Meker, and Jesse P. Robertson were wounded. Hutton subsequently died of wounds received there. The loss in the regiment in this battle was ten killed and twenty-six wounded.

The regiment returned to Young's Point, Louisiana, January 25, 1863; accompanied the army in its flanking movement to the rear of Vicksburgh and took part in the siege of that city until its surrender July 4, 1863. Although under fire almost daily while working in the trenches, or occupying their camp, no casualties appear in the Knox county companies at Vicksburgh. The rebel General Bowen and Colonel Montgomery, who came into our lines July 3d, under flag of truce to negotiate for the surrender, were met by Captain Leonard, of Company B, and conducted to the headquarters o f General A. J. Smith

The day after the surrender the regiment was ordered to Jackson, and took part in the siege of that place up to its evacuation, July 17th, then marched to Bryant's Station and Dry Creek, thence to Vicksburgh. It went by river to Carrollton, Louisiana, August 26th, and from that point made several short expeditions and scouts. It moved to Brasher City October 3d, and took part in the Teche campaign.

The battle of Grand Coteau, a desperate fight against overwhelming numbers, occurred on the third of November. The regiment lost nine killed, thirty-three wounded, and sixty-eight taken prisoners.

This was one of the most desperate battles in which the Knox county boys were engaged, and companies A and B shared their proportion of the loss.

The losses in company A were as follows:

George E. Browning, wounded-afterwards died.

Norton A. Meeker, "

Edwin T. Tathwell, "

M. L. Terrill, ":

Andrew J. Zimmerman, "

James W. Devoe, prisoner. "

J. R. P. Martin, "

William C. Martin, "

William A. McGrew, "

Bailey Sprague, "

The losses in company B were

Jacob Young, killed.

William H. Scarborough, wounded, and George W. Lore, Joseph T. Jacobs, Norris Penrose, John P. Reynolds, George W. Fish, and Zachariah Workmen, prisoners.

Nearly if not quite all these prisoners were subsequently exchanged and rejoined their commands.

This battle has been variously designated as "Bayou Bouf" and "Bayou Bourdeux," but Grand Coteau is the name generally adopted. It occurred six miles south .of Opelousas, Louisiana. The following vivid picture of this battle is from the pen of Dr. J. T. Woods, the surgeon of the Ninety-sixth

At two o'clock on the morning of the third (November) Colonel Brown, of the Ninety-sixth, received a request from General Burbridge to call immediately at his headquarters. The general at that late hour was busily engaged in writing. This interview was private and confidential, in which he notified the colonel that there was not the least doubt but that early in the day the command would be attacked by overwhelming numbers. He explained fully all the details, and notified him as to what he should expect of his regiment. Very early in the morning a council was held, in which all the commanding officers of regiments were present. The general explained to them the expected attack, and directed them to adopt every precaution in their separate commands to secure their entire strength and efficiency in the coming struggle.

Colonel Brown proceeded immediately to give certain orders to his officers. Then followed quickly the sounds of busy preparation. Every where was heard the click-, click, of the rising hammer, and then the sharp explosion of the caps, by which it was known that the tube was open; and the clear ring of the rammer as it was dropped into the barrel satisfied the soldier that he could rely upon his musket to do faithful execution in the moment of need. Cartridge boxes were carefully packed with forty rounds, and canteens filled with water.

It was scarcely 10 A. M when the sharp picket-firing in the distance confirmed our expectations, and at twelve our retreating cavalry-gave notice of the enemy's approach. The thrilling long-roll called every man to arms. In calm, calculating haste each man donned his battle trappings, and with clock-work precision fell into line.

Marching directly on the road that turned to the left close to

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 323

the right of our camp, the rebel infantry advanced in force, while clouds of cavalry emerged from the woods, and deployed on the flanks of their infantry, scattering like wild Comanches and enveloping our camp.

Not an instant is lost in preparation. Our line of battle faces the woods on the right, close to and at right angles with our camp. The Sixty-seventh Indiana, in open prairie on our left, supports two guns of the Seventeenth Ohio battery. The Ninety-sixth Ohio and Sixtieth Indiana, with the remaining guns, form the centre. The Twenty-third Wisconsin, a little delayed in reaching its position, forms the right of our line. This disposition is scarcely completed, and we are face to face with more than eight thousand men, and the battle of Grand Coteau commences.

A part of the Sixtieth Indiana deploys as skirmishers, and promptly advance into the infested woods. Gallantry is unavailing against the frightful odds, and the whole. regiment advances to its support. They are few in number, and against them are hurled massed lines of battle. The quick crack of the skirmish rifle is followed by the crash of musketry, Undismayed by terrible loss they fall steadily back, leaving not an inch of ground uncontested.

A vindictive fight rages along the entire front. "Forward, Ninety-sixth," sends them to meet the solid lines of gray, and full in each other's faces the deadly volleys are exchanged. It is a host against which a handful of stout-hearted men are battling, and which it is impossible for them to withstand. Defiantly both Ninety-sixth and Sixtieth fall back.

A cloud of cavalry is swooping down on the Sixty-seventh and the two pieces of artillery on the prairie to our left. The regiment quickly fortes a hollow square to receive the cavalry. In doing so a gap is left in our line, and it is entirely detached from support. A command to reform and move to the right to fill the gap is instantly sent by General Burbridge. In attempting to execute this manoeuver under fire it becomes confused, and from confusion it is quickly panic-stricken. The fierce cavalry sweep like a whirlwind among the men with gleaming sabers; the swift riders enfold them, and almost without resistance march them away captive before our eyes.

The men of the Twenty-third Wisconsin, on our extreme right, are enveloped in smoke, but here, as everywhere, maintain their well-deserved fame. It is only by sheer weight of numbers that they are forced slowly back. Their intrepid colonel stands staunchly and firmly in the thickest of the fight, and, wounded, falls into the hands of the enemy.

Twice has the Ninety-sixth been repulsed, and, rallying, returned to the hopeless charge. The three regiments still maintain an irregular line; the rebels are plainly enveloping our flanks. The Twenty-third Wisconsin is almost muzzle to muzzle with the enemy, who, on its right, overlaps it and pours in a deadly enfilading fire. Nothing can save it or even prolong the contest, but to fall quickly back and form an angle to face the foe in front and on the right. The Sixtieth Indiana maintains a position on the right of the Ninety-sixth, but its left is driven far back, and a fatal gap is thus made between the regiments. The Ninety-sixth makes an attempt to close the gap, but it is a fruitless effort; the Sixtieth breaks, and a portion rushes through our right.

While this furious struggle is raging, our rear presents a most singular sight. At the summons of the long-roll, the stores of the brigade had been promptly loaded, and started poll-moll for the rear. In mad haste some dashed into the deep ravine, to find their wagons instantly mired. Others with more coolness took their places, rapidly flew over the bridge and with lavish use of whip and spur, escaped. Haste was never more demanded, as both the camp they left and the woods through which they must pass, are already full of roving rebel cavalrymen, who unexpectedly, and for some strange reason made little effort to prevent the escape of their legitimate prize and booty. A Federal officer rode through the woods unmolested, although they were thick around him. He noticed a stolid German artilleryman, stoically marching to the rear, carrying his swab-stick on his shoulder. A cavalryman rode behind him, brandishing a revolver and shouted: Halt! you Yankee vagabond!" The indignant gunner instantly turned on his heel with an oath, and furiously swinging his swab-stick, smashed the head of the would-be captor into a jelly, and 'shouldering arms' marched on as unconcerned as before.

The artillery has been, by dint of both valor and good fortune, removed from the field-the piece last passing through the woods being temporarily captured by a half dozen or more resolute rebel cavalrymen shooting down the artillery horses.

There is nowhere a trace of terror. Men fall in promiscuously, maintaining the semblance of a line, and move back delivering their fire defiantly to the last. We know we are doomed, but only press more closely together, Lieutenant-colonel Brown inspires, both by word and deed, the men, who keep their eyes on him, moving only as he directs and contesting every inch of ground. The gallant Burbridge rides up and down the tattered fragments of his brigade, directing and encouraging the men. No aid comes, and stumbling to certain death over comrades dead and dying, even the most dauntless spirit must falter. The movement is more than sublime, as each, without a murmur asks his own soul, in agony, can we stay? must we go?

Impulses are like avalanches, and as if to spur souls that have never faltered, the heroic Burbridge seizes the battle-flag of a regiment, and waving it above him in this yawning battle-hell, in the face of defeat and death, in full defiant tones begins himself to sing that grand old battle-hymn

'Rally round the flag boys

Rally once -again;

and amidst the crash, roar, and 'thud' of the minnie-bullet, a hundred voices mingle in the chorus

'Rally once again

Shouting the battle-cry of freedom'

Now comes the appalling shout of the rebel horde, followed by a bullet-storm, and an advancing line of gray thickly fringed with glittering steel.

The Ninety-sixth gather closer around their commander and at his word deliver their fire. By the returning volley they are shivered to pieces as if by a thunder-bolt. They are completely routed, but as if by instinct they gather in squads, and fall back, firing wherever a foe presents. Everywhere they turn, right, left, or rear, rebel cavalrymen are using pistol and saber.

Sergeant Forbes of company B., being wounded, had, early in the engagement requested Color-sergeant Isaac Ivins, as he could no longer use his gun, to exchange with him, and, with one mangled hand, he bore the banner safely through the battle, while the sergeant as bravely used his gun.

Falling back toward the edge of the wood near the camp, Colonel Brown notices a boy in the act of raising his gun to fire, when a bullet whistles through his breast. Running to him and

324 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

raising his head, his lips move, and putting his ear close to them, he hears the whispered word 'mother'-and Charley Stanfield is dead. Close before him rides three rebel cavalrymen, one of whom has shot the boy. The colonel instantly picks up the gun the boy had dropped with the hammer already raised, fires and the middle one of the three Texan rangers rolls from his saddle.

The bearer of the colors has planted the staff in the ground that he may use a musket, when he is whirled away, and, in the melee the flag is pushed over. The colors on the ground shocks the soldierly pride of Sanderson, orderly of Colonel Brown, and calling the colonel's attention to it asks if he shall get it, receiving for a reply : ' It is a terrible place to go to, but bring the colors if you can'. Gallantly he rushes among the reeling, swaying combatants, and bears it safely to the rear.

Not an organized command remains, and Colonel Brown mounts his horse ; soldiers in squads around him deliver a desultory fire into the troop of cavalry that are close down upon them. The colonel says: "Boys, to stay is death; fall back as best you can to the other side of the woods; we will rally there;" and empties his revolver into the advancing rebel cavalry. The return fire luckily inflicts a slight wound on his horse, and in mad frenzy the animal dashes away to our left and rear, and with one desperate leap clears the ravine. The rebel horsemen are sufficient in number to capture every man, but are strangely inefficient. In squads we battle our way through them to the rear of the wood. The voice of Colonel Brown, whose horse had saved him by running away from the saber-points of the enemy, is heard, and at his word the brave men halt in the teeth of the exultant foe. No sign of the hoped for aid is visible, yet with wonderful eagerness they fall into line. It seems like stubborn rashness, for masses of rebel infantry are surging along our front, and a cloud of cavalry deploying from right to left across our rear. They are no mounted mob, but proud knights of the sabre, whose lines are swiftly enfolding us. They ride rapidly on, when, as if by magic, there rises from the thick grass a line of men, till this moment unseen, who with level muskets pour into their ranks a volley that sends them reeling back with many an empty saddle. To our delight and surprise it is the Forty-sixth Indiana, whose colonel, hearing the roar of battle, instantly formed his command, and waiting for no orders, with the instincts of a true soldier, had marched at double-quick, and halting for a moment to take breath, found this opportunity to save us from utter annihilation. We join these brave comrades and charge upon the line of gray and steel, with a cheer. A short sharp struggle with the bayonet, and they flee through our camp so swiftly that they find no time to disturb anything.

For two long miles we pursue them, then return to our camp, both humiliated by defeat and exultant by victory. The camp has been twice swept by the storm of battle. All are there, save many of our comrades-the bravest and best, who wounded or dead lie all around us in ghastly pools of blood. The wounded are sent to the rear for medical attention, and the dead-a fearful number-are gathered for burial. Those of the Ninety-sixth we place in a row in our camp, and, with hearts bowed down in sorrow, the living gaze upon their loved comrades,

"With the red rents in their bosoms,

And their young eyes closed on life."

In the glimmering twilight we take our last look at the little yellow mounds as we march away for Carrion Crow Bayou.

The regiment returned to Algiers, opposite New Orleans, December 13th, and on the eighteenth embarked for Texas. March 1, 1864, it returned to Algiers and entered upon the Red River campaign under General Banks. The history of this ill-fated campaign cannot be repeated here. General Banks allowed his command to be beaten in detail. The battle of Sabine Cross roads was fought by Landrum's division, numbering about two thousand men. These were compelled to fight the whole rebel army of twenty or thirty thousand men, and the division was nearly annihilated. The Ninety-sixth formed part of this division, and was under command of Lieutenant Colonel Brown; Colonel Vance commanding the brigade. The Ninety-sixth was guarding the wagon train until just before the battle commenced, when it was brought forward and placed in the advanced line where it fought gallantly, holding the enemy in check until almost surrounded, when with the rest of the division it was compelled to retreat. The retreat became a rout; the road being blocked up with army wagons, so that supports could not get up in time to prevent the disaster. The regiment here lost fifty-six men, killed, wounded and missing. Of company A, Barney McCulloch fell into the hands of the enemy; in company B the losses were: Jacob Feaster, wounded (afterwards died); William Kring, wounded; O. L. Wallace, killed, and Samuel Stokes and John C. Tressel, prisoners. The brave Colonel Vance lost his life here. Being in command of the brigade he was not near his regiment when the order for retreat came, and in looking for the Ninety-sixth, as the troops were falling back, he found himself alone and almost surrounded. As he galloped toward the rear he was halted by four rebels who were secreted in a clump of bushes; he defies them and attempts t(: escape ; they fire, and the riderless horse dashes away. His body was afterward secured and sent to his home in Mt. Vernon for burial. A sketch of the life of this gallant soldier seems appropriate here.

Colonel Joseph W. Vance was born in 1809, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. In the sprint of I84o he removed to Mount Vernon, Ohio. H was admitted to the bar in 1842, and soon took position among the ablest advocates in the State

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 325

He made a profession of religion, and united with the Old School Presbyterian church of Mount Vernon in 1846, and in 1850 was ordained a ruling elder. He continued a devoted Christian until his death. He was an earnest, true man, a devoted patriot, a faithful friend, an affectionate husband and father, taking a lively interest in whatever tended to promote the welfare and prosperity of the community in which he lived.

With his military history the reader is already familiar, as it is part of the history of his regiment. He was a nervous, active, courageous man. At Arkansas Post he stood up continually encouraging his men amid the storm of battle, while all others were closely hugging the ground. He was unfitted j to accompany the Red river expedition by reason of ill health, and was hauled in an ambulance to the battle field, where he mounted his horse, and commanded the brigade. He was literally without fear, and made of himself a conspicuous mark for the enemy's sharpshooters.

He was ever is the fore front of battle, where bullets flew thickest, and died a heroic death doing his duty.

To his family, who urged him to resign and return to them, he thus wrote in February, 1863, from Young's Point, in sight of Vicksburgh:

You really distress me by urging me to resign, and if you properly understood the matter, you would not think of it. Would you have me disgrace myself by tendering my resignation in the face of the enemy? No, my wife, I would rather die in these hated swamps than do so; I know and fully appreciate the interest you and my aged mother, my children and all my friends take in me. but all this was very fully considered by me before I took the field in defence of my country and its constitution. The sacrifice, I felt, was a great one, yet I felt that it was my duty to make it, and I feel so yet. And if the Great Ruler of the universe intends that my life shall be sacrificed in the great struggle between freedom and despotism, then so it will be. In His hand I am willing to leave the issue. If I fall, he will be the God of the fatherless and widow, and a way will surely be provided for you. Then ask me, my wife, no more to resign. God Almighty will take care of you and me, and until the last foe to freedom and free institutions shall succumb or bite the dust I shall not sheathe my sword.

Captain Coulter, a brave and valuable officer of the Ninety-Sixth, was wounded in this battle, fell into the hands of the enemy, and subsequently died in a rebel hospital. In the terrible and ever memorable retreat to the Mississippi river, the Ninety-sixth was fighting and skirmishing most of the way.

The regiment went into camp at Morganza ; from there to Baton Rouge, where it remained until the twentieth of July, when it proceeded to Algiers, from which point it embarked and landed on Dauphin's island.- Alabama, August 3, 1864. At this point the Ninety-sixth formed part of the forces in the siege of Fort Gaines up to its capitulation on the eighth of August. It then moved to the rear of Fort Morgan, and engaged in the siege of that fort until its capitulation, August 2311.

On the first of September it moved back to Morganza, Louisiana: thence on November 1st, to the mouth of Waite river, Arkansas. By special order No. 21, the regiment was consolidated on the eighteenth of November, into four companies, and a company of about seventy-four men transferred from the Forty-second to the Ninety-sixth, making five companies, designated as the Ninety-sixth battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Brown, commanding.

The regiment remained at the mouth of White river until the fourth of February, when it moved to Kennersville, Louisiana; thence on the sixteenth, to Mobile Point. It was engaged in the operations around Mobile, taking part in the siege of the Spanish fort until its evacuation on the eighth of April, 186 5, and in the capture of Mobile April 12, 1865. Shortly after the capture of Mobile, the regiment was sent on expeditions to Namahubbel Bluffs on the Tombigbee, and to McIntosh Bluffs. On the ninth of May the regiment returned to Mobile, where it was mustered out of the service July 7, 1865, and embarked from that city for Camp Chase, Ohio, via New Orleans, Cairo and Cincinnati, where the men were paid off and sent to their homes. At the date of muster-out the regiment numbered four hundred and twenty-seven, including the company transferred from the Forty-second.

The Ninety-sixth marched one thousand six hundred and eighty-three miles; was transported by boat seven thousand six hundred and eighty-six miles, and by railroad five hundred and seventeen miles, making a grand total of nine thousand eight hundred and eighty-six miles.

326 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

CHAPTER XXXVI.

WAR OF THE REBELLION CONTINUED.

COMPANIES F AND G ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIRST

REGIMENT-ORGANIZATION AND OFFICERS-OPERATIONS

OF THE REGIMENT IN SERVICE.

IN the summer of 1862 President Lincoln issued two calls for volunteers for three hundred thousand men each War had become a stern reality, and the Nation appeared to be struggling in the throes of death. Under these calls Knox county immediately sent forth four companies of her young men,-those of Captains Mitchell, Leonard, Stephens and Yager. The two former being the first completed entered the Ninety-sixth; the two latter, the One Hundred and Twenty-first. These companies were more than full, the whole number being four hundred and sixty-three, drawn from the different townships as follows:

Jackson ...........................................2

Union........................................... 16

Brown......................................... 10

Harrison....................................... 1

Morgan........................................ 19

College........................................ 20

Plke,............................................ 14

Morris ........................................ 14

Miller........................................... 5

Liberty....................................... 26

Middlebury................................ 16

Butler.......................................... 3

Jefferson......................................12

Howard...................................... 4

Clay............................................ 24

Pleasant.......................................12

Monroe....................................... 19

Berlin...................................... . .24

Clinton...................................... 20

Milford...................................... 18

Wayne....................................... 43

Hilliar....................................... 48

Mt. Vernon, First ward ............. 15

" Second ward .......... 11

" Third ward ............. 11

" Fourth ward ........... 16

" Fifth ward............... 28

These men were mostly farmers and without a knowledge of the first principles of military tactics. It will be seen how rapidly they made of themselves good soldiers. Captain John Yager's company was raised mostly in Berlin and Wayne townships, and was composed of his neighbors, he being a resident of Berlin. He was a brave, noble fellow, and gave his life for his country in the thunder of battle at Kennesaw Mountain, having been first promoted to major. The officers of this company-which became company G-besides the captain, were John Denny, first lieutenant, and Thomas Benton Cotten second lieutenant.

The officers of Company F were Captain Harrison Stephens; First Lieutenant William McGaughey, and Second Lieutenant William B. Dunbar, all of Mt. Vernon. This company was mostly recruited in Hilliar township, where Captain Stephens had formerly resided many years, engaged in teaching the high school in Centerburg, and was largely made up of young men who .had attended his school, and who knew and respected him. This company, of ninety men, left Mt Vernon Monday, September 1, 1862, for Camp Delaware, Captain Yager having left the Saturday before with his company for the same place. Under the excitement and pressure of the time, these four companies had been raised and put into the field in less than two weeks, and within six weeks of the date of organization Companies F and G were confronted by the veterans of Bragg's army at Perryville. The following rolls were copied from the muster out rolls of these companies; and therefore includes the names of those who were transferred, discharged, deserted and killed in battle during the service:

Muster-out roll of company G, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio regiment, mustered into the service September 11, 1862

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain john Yager, August 14, 1862.

Captain Joshua Van Brimmer, September 1, 1863.

First Lieutenant John Denney, August 24, 1862.

First Lieutenant William B. Dunbar, April 20, 1863.

First Lieutenant John J. Miller, July 29, 1864.

First Lieutenant Milo H. Lewis, April 18, 1864.

First Lieutenant William J. White; May 11, 1865.

Second Lieutenant Thomas B. Cotton, August 13, 1862.

Second Lieutenant William Lemon, April 20, 1863.

Second Lieutenant Mahlon E. Willoughby, May 24, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant William Clark, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant C. M. Taylor, August 15, 1862.

Sergeant Abner M. Caywood, August 22, 1862..

Sergeant George H. Ewers, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant William L. Drake, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant James H. Ball, August I5, 1862.

Sergeant Jefferson O. Irwin, August 15, 1862.

Sergeant Anthone B. Raymond, December 8, 1863.

Corporal Ayres Kisonger, August I8. 1862.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 327

Corporal David Dwire, August 22, 1862.

Corporal Paul C. Wheeler, August 19, 1862.

Corporal Alexander Rhodes, August 18, 1862.

Corporal Harrison Farris, August 22, 1862.

Corporal Byant Mitchell, August 20, 1862.

Corporal John Wells, August 22, 1862.

Corporal John M. Dunn, August 15, 1862.

Corporal Edward Bixby, August 22, 1862.

Corporal John Fry, August 15, 1862.

Corporal John Moore, December 9, 1863.

Corporal Kinsey Cullison, August 18, 1862.

Corporal Lewis Durbin, August 17, 1862.

Musician David Henderson, August 15, 1862.

Musician John Strong, August 22, 1862.

PRIVATES.

Anderson, Robert. August 16, 1862.

Ayres, Thomas D„ February 8, 1862.

Ayres, David, August 19, 1862.

Ayres, Jacob, February 19, 1864.

Adams, Arthur A., December 27, 1863.

Adams, James. August 20, 1862.

Baily, Madison, August 20, 1862.

Bigbee, John G., August 16, 1862.

Baile, Abraham, August 20, 1862.

Brown, Jacob B., December 2, 1863.

Beaty, George, February 24, 1864.

Baile, Augustus E., August 20, 1862.

Brophy, Edward, August 15, 1862.

Brown, George W., August 15, 1862.

Beech, James M., February 6, 1864.

Black, Jacob, December 20, 1863.

Bradfield, A.

Baker, Amos.

Crider, Abraham, December 28, 1863.

Ceill, John, February 11, 1864.

Cornell, John T., August 18, 1862.

Davis, Clinton, August 19, 1862.

Durbin, Leander, August 17, 1862.

Davis, H. H. William, January 4, 1864.

Davis, John W., August 19, 1862.

Dalrumple, Lafayette, August 22, 1862.

Ebersole, William, August 22, 1862.

Erdman, Charles, August 2o, 1862.

Eaterbrook, John, February 8, 1864.

Erdman, Charles, August 20, 1862.

Earl, William, December 26, 1863.

Fry, Richard C., August 20, 1862.

Frawley, Thomas, December 11, 1863.

George, James W., August 22, 1862.

Hoffmire, Job, August 22, 1862.

Humphrey, George W., August 19, 1862.

Hartley, Lewellen, August 22, 1862.

Henry, Samuel, February 29, 1862.

Hoag, Wesley, February 16, 1864.

Huey, George W., August 22, 1862.

Hannah, W. A., August 18, 1862.

Harden, William, December 11, 1863.

Hardin, Job, December 28, 1863.

Harrold, B. D., December 18, 1863.

Haller, James M.. December 8, 1863.

Hoar, Thomas T., February 10, 1864

Hogle, Jacob, August 18, 1862.

Jones, Lewis, September 1, 1863.

Kinney, George H., August 20, 1862.

Kemmer, Martin, February 14, 1864.

Lett, Alfred S. August 19, 1862.

Lafever, Eli, August 20, 1862.

Lambert, Nathaniel F., August 22. 1862.

Lauppe, George, August 22, 1862.

Lewis, Richard, December 11, 1863.

Lockwood, Leander T., December 10, 1863.

McDonald, Joseph Z., August 9, 1862.

Marts, John C., August 22, 1862.

McKee. William, August 22, 1862.

Moore, Mathew, September 1, 1863.

Modie, Martin, August 22, 1862.

Picard, William H., December 12, 1863.

Phifer, Melvin G., December 29, 1863.

Purin. James, August 17, 1862.

Rhodes, Jacob, August 18, 1862.

Rowley, Melvin B., August 16, 1862.

Ross, James, February 27, 1864.

Ross, Lemuel, February 6, 1864.

Ross, Samuel, February 6, 1864.

Rowley, A. F., August 16, 1862.

Reed, Lewis, August 16, 1862.

Rowley, William H., August 16, 1862.

Ross, William L., January 21, 1864.

Reevell, Henry, December 12, 1863.

Struble, John D., August 19, 1862.

Sutton, Richard, August 20, 1862.

Sims, Heber, August 20, 1862.

Scarbrough, George, August 19, 1862.

Sands, D. B., August 22, 1862.

Sprague, Silas A., August 15, 1862.

Snedaky, W. T., August 21, 1862,

Scott, Charles W., August 22, 1862.

Strouse, John, February 29, 1864.

Stofer, Henry, December 25, 1863.

Summers, Cartes P., January 27, 1862.

Simson, John, February 21, 1864.

Tobin, George W., August 22, 1862.

Tavener, Hiram H., August 19, 1862.

Thorne, James, February 25, 1864.

Tobin, George W., August 22, 1862.

Wood, Johnson, August 22, 1862.

Wolf, Jacob, February 14, 1864.

Watkins, Isaac, August 19, 1862.

Wicks, John H., February 8, 1864.

Wilson, Emanuel, August 20, 1862.

Wilkins John O., August 22, 1862.

Wells, Robert, August 22, 1862.

Wood, Sidney, August 22, 1862.

Wilson, Hodges, February 29, 1864.

King, David, December 15, 1862.

Horn, L. B.. February, 14, 1864.

McFarland, David, December 14, 1863

Muster-roll of company F, One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio volunteer infantry, which was mustered into the service on the eleventh of September, 1862:

328 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Harrison Stephens, August 13, 1862.

Captain Theodore C. Fitch, April 19, 1864.

Captain James A. Moore, January 23, 1865.

First Lieutenant William McGaughy, August 13, 1862.

First Lieutenant Jefferson J. Irwin, January 23, 1864.

First Lieutenant Alfred A. Corrello, July 28, 1864.

First Lieutenant Orlando M. Scott, January 23, 1865.

Second Lieutenant William B. Dunbar, August 13, 1862.

Second Lieutenant Benjamin A. Banker, March 1, 1863.

Second Lieutenant James H. Ball, July 27, 1864.

Second Lieutenant Benjamin B. Smith, May 11, 1863.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Arnold Bishop, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant Josiah McClelland, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant Calvin Shaffer, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant Jesse Headington, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant Samuel Sutton, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant Mitchel F. Bushfield, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant L. P. Riley, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant Amos P. Robertson, August 22, 1862.

Sergeant M. Skilin, August 22, '62.

Corporal Andrew J. Fergueson, August 22, 1862.

Corporal George Hupp, August 22, 1862.

Corporal S. S. Woodruff, August 22, 1862.

Corporal William McClelland, August 22, 1862.

Corporal Joseph S. Sutton, August 22, 1862.

Corporal Sylvester Best, August 22, 1862.

Corporal Robison Frazier, August 22, 1862.

Corporal William W. Borden, August 22, 1862.

Corporal Henry D. Loff, February 26, 1863.

Corporal George R. Breckenridge, September 13, 1863.

Musician Washington Clutter, August 22, 1862.

Musician George Litzenberg, August 22, 1862.

PRIVATES.

Anderson, Isaac, February 29, 1864.

Avrill, John. Bushfield,

John O., August 22, 1862.

Barnes, Wheeler H., August 22, 1862.

Bird, John H., August 22, 1862.

Buck, Joseph, February 22, 1864.

Bishop, Charles, August 22, 1862.

Babbs, Joshua C., August 22, 1862.

Burkholder, Morgan, August 22, 1862.

Bradfield, A. August 22, 1862.

Barn Thomas, August 22, 1862.

Barr, Lyman P. S., August 22, 1862.

Bricker, Marshall, August 22, 1862.

Brickwell, John, August 22, 1862.

Baird, William J., February 26, 1864.

Black, Eli, March 31, 1864.

Black, Robert, February 13, 1864.

Brentlinger, Lorenzo, March 8, 1864.

Camp, Albert A., August 22, 1862.,

Carey, James, August 22, 1862.

Chauncy, R. F., August 22, 1862.

Craig, Alexander, August 22, 1862.

Collins, Austin, August 22, 1862.

Crable, Elijah, August 22, 1862.

Carry, John, February 26, 1862.

Critchfield, Alexander, August 14, 1864.

Chafant, Thomas, March 9, 1864.

Dunbar, Robert P., August 22, 1864.

Debolt, Reason, August 22, 1864.

Davidson, Edwin, February 26, 1864.

Devalt, James, February 8, 1864.

Eyster, Thomas, February 17, '64.

Evans. B., August 22, '62.

Eddy, Peter R., August 22, '62.

Ewing, Abraham, August 22, '62.

Ehrencrook, Charles, August 22, '62.

Edgar, Orland P., August 22, '62.

Earl, Samuel, December 26, '64.

Eyster. Jesse, March 14, '65.

Fletcher, Francis M., August 22, '62.

Feaster, Peter, August 22, '62.

Ferguson, Alexander J., August 22, '62.

Fullbright, John, February 29, '64.

Fisher, William, February 23, '64.

Gearhart, John, August 22, '62.

Gearheart, Smith, August 22, '62,

Green, Charles, February 23, '64.

Gibbon, Francis M., March 8, '64.

Harris, William, August 22, '62.

Hyatt, Alfred, August 22, '62.

Hardesty, George, February 29, '64.

Hupp, George, August 22, '64.

Hammond, Gideon, February 27, '62.

Hicks, Martenbro, August 22, '64.

Hamil, William, February 29, '64.

Hollister, Ferman, February 27, '64.

Higgins. Perry, August 29, '62.

Heart, James D.

Hannuil, Zachariah, February 29, '64.

Hedge, William, February 27, '64.

Hollister, Almond, February, 26, '64. .

Harrington, Ormer, February 26, '64.

Hoar, Jesse, February 29, '64.

Jewett, Abram, February 6, '64.

Lepla, Michael, February 8, '64.

Lore, Marshall B., August 22, '64.

Linti, James, February 29, '64.

McGraw, Martin, August 22, '62.

Moore, Martin, August 22, '62.

Morris, B. F., August 22, '62.

Marble, Silas W., August 22, '62.

McManis, Levi, August 22, '62.

Melsmore, James, August 22, '62.

Mowl, John, August 22, '62.

Messmore, Harvey, August 22, '62.

Mitchel, Lewis, August 22, '62.

Markham, Amos, August 22, '62.

Majors, Fletcher, August 22, '62.

Mack, Michael, August 22, ,62.

Neil, Benjamin F., August 22, '62.

Neff, John, March 31, '64.

Patterson, Harris, August 22, '62.

Pendleton, Edward P., August 22, '62.

Pierce, Isaac, February 27, '64.

Philips, James.

Riley, William A., August 22, '62.

Reinheart, Mahlon, August 26, '62.

Reed, Reece, February 29, '64.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY - 329

Ross, James, February 22, '64.

Rosenberger, Henry, February 26, '64.

Riley, Miller, February 27, '64.

Rockwell; John, February r, '64.

Stull, Philip, August 22,'62.

Sinclaire, James, August 22, '62.

Severe, Amos, August 22, '62.

Shaw, William H., August 22, '62.

Smith, John J., August 19, '62. Severe, Jefferson W., August 22. '62.

Sinclair, James, August 22, '62.

Starkey, Cyrus, August 22, '62.

Simpkins, Stiles, March 19, '64.

Sprague, Silas, February 22, '64.

Smith, Henry, March 14, '63.

Slayman, James, March 21, '65.

Taylor, Thomas B., .august 18, '62.

Turner, William H., March 8, '64.

Titus, Henry, February 26, '64.

Turbett, John, March 14, '64.

Toby, Jacob, August 22, '62.

Thomas, Henry, August 22. '62.

Thomas, Morgan, August 22, '62.

Updyke, Charles, August 22, '62.

Webster, Charles, August 22, '62.

Wheeler, George. February 26, '62.

Warteube, Daniel C., February 26, '62.

Wistlake, John, April 8, '64.

Waltz, Isaac L., March 27, '63.

Williams, Jackson, August 22, '62.

Woods. James, August 1. '63.

Yarman, George, March 14, '63.

On the tenth of September the regiment, nine hundred and eighty-five strong, left Camp Delaware for Cincinnati, where it was supplied with worthless Prussian muskets, and placed on guard duty about the city. On the fifteenth it crossed over to Covington and went into camp. Remaining there only five days it proceeded to Louisville and was assigned to Colonel Webster's brigade of Jackson's division, McCook's corps.

Up to this date the regiment had not been drilled an hour, was without discipline and of course unfitted for active service. In this condition it joined General Buell's forces in pursuit of Bragg, and thus became engaged at Perryville. It is not to be wondered at that those farmer boys fresh from the plow, never having heard the sing of bullets or the snarl of a shell, could not stand up in line and be shot down like veterans. When they observed the near approach of the long grey lines of Bragg's veterans, with that peculiar, steady dare-devil stride, with bright muskets and glistening bayonets, they simply threw down their worthless Prussian muskets and fled from the field. Captain B. F. Oder, of company K, was killed in this battle. Looked at in the right light this retreat was no disgrace, but it was keenly felt by the regiment, and gallantly did the men redeem themselves on many a bloody field. "Wipe out Perryville" was thereafter their battle cry, and Ohio did not send to the field a braver or more efficient regiment, or one with a better record.

After the battle of Perryville, the regiment was detailed to remain on the battlefield to bury the dead and look after the wounded. It remained in Kentucky doing guard duty and looking after John Morgan's guerillas, up to January, 1863, and was then taken, in transports, to Nashville, Tennessee, leaving Louisville about the last of January. From Nashville it went to Franklin, arriving there in February, where it performed service in watching and protecting the right flank of the army of General Rosecrans, then at Murfreesboro.

March 27, 1863, on application and petition of all the line and field officers of the regiment Lieutenant Colonel Henry B. Banning, of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio, was detailed by General Gordon Granger, to take charge of the regiment, and under his management it soon became one of the best drilled and disciplined regiments of the brigade to which it was attached. Colonel Banning was soon after transferred to this regiment by order from the War Department.

When Rosecrans' army moved. forward from Stone river, the regiment moved with it and was attached to the reserve corps, under command of General Cordon Granger.

At Triune, on this march, the regiment was attacked by the rebel General Forest, and after a sharp fight Forest was driven back. This affair gave the men confidence and taught them the value of drill and discipline. On the third of July the regiment occupied Shelbyville, Tennessee, remaining there three weeks, and being drilled incessantly.

About the twenty-fifth of August the regiment was ordered to occupy the town of Fayetteville, Lincoln county, Tennessee, a strong rebel district situated twenty-five miles from any post. Colonel Banning barricaded the public square and went into camp, notifying the citizens that in the event of being attacked he would burn the town.

September 5, orders were received from General Steedman to proceed to Cowan, on the Chattanooga

330 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

railroad, by way of Winchester, where it joined the reserve corps under General Gordon Granger, and proceeded to Chattanooga, and on the fifteenth went into position at Rossville, eight miles south of Chattanooga.

On the seventeenth the regiment, in company with the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio, under General Steedman, made a reconnoissance to Ringgold, reaching that place in time to witness the arrival of reenforcements-Longstreet's corps. The next day at 10 A. M. it fell back to Rossville, and at 6 A. M., marched to the relief of Colonel Daniel McCook's brigade engaged with the enemy at Rossville. The enemy withdrew during the night, and the regiment returned to camp at Rossville. In the afternoon of the nineteenth the regiment was ordered to support General Whittaker on the Ringgold road. It took up a position on the left of the road and bivouacked for the night. At 10 A. M. on the twentieth it became fully engaged in the battle of Chickamauga, forming the right of Steedman's division of the reserve corps.

In this action it was commanded by Colonel Banning, and acquitted itself with much honor. Colonel Mitchell, who commanded the brigade, made special mention of the regiment, as follows:

At one time during the early part of the engagement, the right of the line became endangered by a hold move on the part of the enemy to capture our battery, which was doing most efficient service for us. To counteract this movement another bayonet charge was ordered, and the tripple line of the enemy fled in disorder. During this splendid charge the One Hundred and Twenty-first captured the battle-flag of the Twenty-second Alabama and bore it with them from the field.

Regarding the action of the regiment in this battle General Gordon Granger had occasion to use the following words:

The action of Colonel Banning came under my personal observation during the late battle of Chickamauga. To him as much as to any other man is owing the remarkable obstinacy with which the two brigades, one of which was largely composed of Ohio troops, for more than seven hours held the key of the position on that battlefield, repulsing the repeated combined attacks of more than five times their number, and saving the army of the Cumberland from destruction. This cool bravery and gallantry was more conspicuous at a time when it was supposed all was lost, and nothing was left to our gallant soldiers but to save their honor by falling beside their dead comrades.

The following is Colonel Banning's report of the operations of the One Hundred and Twenty-first, from September 17th to the evening of the twentieth inclusive:

The One Hundred and Twenty-first moved from Rossville, Georgia, on the morning of the seventeenth, with one day's rations, on the road in the direction of Ringgold. At 11 A. M. we halted to lunch four miles from Ringgold, and drove in the enemy's pickets. The regiment was held in reserve with the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio, and two pieces of artillery, to hover the withdrawal of the troops who had crossed the west Chickamauga creek. General Steedman having finished his operations in front, and ascertained the strength and position of the enemy, his division returned in the direction of Rossville; the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio brought up the left; the command retired without incident, except the firing on our rear by pursuing cavalry. Major Yager promptly brought a company into line and delivered a volley which punished them so severely that they left our rear unmolested during the remainder of the march.

We halted two miles beyond East Chickamauga creek. When all had grown quiet, at 11 P. M., the enemy placed a battery in position in our rear and shelled the camp; the pickets fired on them and drove them back. Our fires were soon extinguished, and we slept on our arms till morning, the enemy having withdrawn, the command took up the line of march, and returned to Rossville-this regiment on the right.

At 6 P. M., in pursuance of orders from headquarters, we moved, with one day's rations, to assist the First brigade, commanded by Colonel Dan McCook, who was engaging the enemy on the Lafayette road, six miles from Rossville, formed a junction with him and bivouacked for the night. At daylight, having formed to receive an attack the enemy were about to make, we were ordered to withdraw; returned to camp at Rossville and found our camp equipage packed and ready to start for Chattanooga. We were turned into a temporary camp for dinner, and remained until late in the afternoon, when we were ordered to support General Whittaker, who was engaging the enemy on the Ringgold road. We moved out on that road on double-quick, made connection with General Whittaker's brigade, and bivouacked for the night.

On the morning of the twentieth the regiment with the division was ordered from this point to the support of Major-General Thomas, commanding the centre corps of the Army of the Cumberland. After passing to the right one mile, a battery opened on us from the woods on the left; no casualties occurred, and after a march of three miles, we formed a junction with General Thomas. Being threatened by a flank movement, General Steedman s division was thrown on the extreme right. The Third brigade, commanded by Colonel Mitchell, was on the right of the division, and the One Hundred and Twenty-first was on the right of the brigade, and on the extreme right of the entire corps. Here we were met by a bold charge from the enemy immediately upon coming into line, but with a firmness that would have done honor to veterans the enemy were repulsed and driven from the hill. Three successive attempts were made upon my front, and each time the enemy were compelled to fall back, and although my loss was heavy, it was nothing compared to the dead and wounded of the enemy, over which my regiment charged in pursuit.

The following is a list of the killed, wounded and missing in company G :,

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 331

Corporal Bryant Mitchell, killed; William H. Rowley, wounded in left thigh; Lewellyn M. Hartley, wounded in left lung; George W. Ewers, wounded in right thigh; A. T. Lambert, wounded in right hand; Harrison Farris, fore-finger; Robert Wells, left fore-arm; Mellville B. Rowley, in the back by artillery; First Lieutenant William B. Dunbar, left thigh.

James Sinclair, of company F, was wounded, and Colonel Banning's horse was killed under him.

Colonel Banning's report continues:

My regiment went into action with twenty-one commissioned officers, of whom two were killed and seven wounded; and with two hundred and fourteen non-commissioned officers and privates, of whom seventy-six were killed or wounded and eight missing.

Lieutenant B. S. Fleming, of company I, was killed in the first charge, shot through the head, while gallantly leading his men. Lieutenant James A. Porter was first shot through the leg and afterward and through the bowels on the second charge we made upon the enemy, of which latter wound lie died before he could be taken from the field.

Even officer and man did his duty and was at his post; no soldier left his post even to help his fellow soldier from the field, and notwithstanding the manner in which the ranks were depleted, and the superior numbers with which we had to contend, every man kept his place and steadily advanced until we had expended every round of ammunition in our cartridge boxes, and all that could be gathered from the cartridge boxes of the dead and wounded. then retired in good order upon orders. Our last charge was upon the Twenty-second Alabama, which were driven from the field and their colors captured. Upon these colors, which are now in my possession, are inscribed "Twenty-second Alabama regiment," "Shiloh," "Murfreesborough." The regiment shot down and captured another stand of colors, but the man who was carrying them off was wounded, and left with the colors upon the field desire to make special mention of Surgeons Williams and Hill, also Chaplain Drake, for energy displayed in caring for the wounded on the field; also Lieutenant Peters, regimental quartermaster, who was the only quartermaster who succeeded in getting ambulances upon the field and bringing off the wounded. And I desire especially to mention the gallant services of Major John Yager and Adjutant Fitch, who had charge of the regiment on the last charge it made, as I was stunned by the fall of my horse when it was shot. Adjutant Fitch's horse was shot, and he remained on foot at his post during the whole of the engagement, cheering on the men.

HENRY B. BANNING,

Lieutenant Colonel Commanding Regiment.

In acknowledging the receipt of the battle-flag of the Twenty-second Alabama, captured by this regiment, Governor Tod said

The battle flag I am proud to receive and deposit in an appropriate room, as a trophy of the heroic valor and patriotism of your gallant command. Please convey, colonel, to your brave officers and men my profound admiration for their glorious achievements on that desperate field, and the heartfelt thanks of all Ohio's loyal people.

Falling back behind the intrenchments at Chattanooga, the regiment took position on the right, and in the reorganization of the army was assigned to the Second brigade, Second division, Fourteenth army corps, and remained quietly at Chattanooga until after the battles of Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge, in which it took a prominent part.

The following is a detailed account of the operations of the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio volunteer infantry in the expedition into East Tennessee in the fall of 1863, after the battle of Chattanooga, from a letter written by Adjutant Fitch:

In pursuance of orders from brigade headquarters the regiment moved from its camp on Foringer's ridge, opposite Chattanooga, at six w. M., November 24, 1863. The brigade moved four miles up the Tennessee river and crossed it on pontoon bridges near the mouth of Chickamauga creek. A line was formed perpendicular to this stream, with the right resting on the Tennessee river. The regiment remained under arms during the day and bivouacked that night in the same place.

November 25th, the line which was formed from Davis' division. was advanced a quarter of a mile, and halted in a piece of wood, covering a piece of low swampy ground. This was done to prevent the enemy from turning Sherman's right flank while the latter was operating on the eastern slope of Mission ridge near the tunnel. They lay in this position until ordered to cross the Chickamauga creek near its mouth, which was accomplished at two A. M. on the twenty-sixth, and then moved up the Tennessee until six .a. M., when they halted for breakfast. Soon after daylight the march was resumed; there were sins of the enemy in front and the troops moved cautiously. Leaving the line of the river they came across a temporary work, behind which the rebels had camped the night before. Moving by a circuitous route, they arrived at the junction of the Cleveland, Chattanooga and railroads. These roads cross the Chickamauga on two different bridges, the one on the Atlanta road having been destroyed by the enemy.

From this point the command marched in line of battle by brigade. General Morgan's brigade having the advance; the brigades of General Beatty and Colonel Dan McCook, formed the second line, and in the rear the corps was drawn up by division. In this manner they moved on Chickamauga Station. After a little artillery practice and desultory skirmishing, the enemy was driven from the works. At the station were found large quantities of subsistence, two siege guns, several torpedoes and other war material.

The brigade moved forward to find a desirable camping place for the night; a line of skirmishers having been established, the One Hundred and Twenty-first was ordered to support them on the right of the Graysville road. When about two miles from the station this regiment came upon the pickets of the enemy, whom they drove before them and soon came upon the enemy in force. They consisted of three regiments and two guns, commanded by Brigadier General Maury, and were acting as rear guard for a train. They opened on the One Hundred and Twenty-first with musketry and artillery at the same time. The regiment received the first shock and immediately advanced across two fields, about five hundred yards, and here held their ground until the remainder of the brigade came into position. Their battery opened upon the enemy, but as it was now growing

332 -HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

dark, the enemy ceased firing and withdrew. General Maury (rebel) was wounded in this engagement. The officers and men of the regiment conducted themselves with the greatest coolness and bravery. Major Yager, of Fredericktown, was to command of the regiment and handled it with admirable skill. The brigade encamped for the night near the field.

On the twenty-seventh the troops advanced without interruption through Graysville, when they met the remainder of the Fourteenth corps, under General Palmer, en route for Ringgold. The One Hundred and Twenty-first advanced to within two and a half miles of Ringgold, and encamped with the brigade, while the rest of the army was engaging the enemy at that point.

On the twenty-eighth they moved five miles beyond Ringgold, and this closed the campaign which followed the battle at Chattanooga.

On the evening of the twenty-eighth orders were received to move at daylight the next morning on an expedition of ten days, during which they were to subsist on the country. On the twenty-ninth they marched eighteen miles, camping near Cleveland, Tennessee. On the thirtieth they made a march of twelve miles and went into camp two miles south of Charleston, Tennessee. December 1st they marched eight miles; supplies were scarce, many of the men had not tasted food for twenty-four hours. December 2d, marched fourteen miles, and tamped five miles north of Mt. Verde; on the third. advanced to within four miles of Loudon, a large town on the Tennessee river. The men were hungry, tired, ragged and almost shoeless. On the fifth they crossed the Tennessee river at Morgantown. Here they heard of Burnside's success, and turned their steps toward their old camp at Chattanooga, which they reached on the nineteenth of November, after much hard marching, and many hardships; their rations consisting generally of pork and cornmeal, and scant supplies of this.

In May, 1864, the One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio moved with Sherman's army in the Atlanta campaign.

The first engagement in which the regiment participated in this campaign was that of Buzzard's Roost May 8th. It drove the enemy from an important position at the mouth of the gap. At Resaca it covered the retreat of General Judah's brigade after a charge in which it was repulsed. When the enemy retreated from Resaca the regiment formed a part of General Jefferson C. Davis' division in its movement for the capture of Rome, Georgia. In this affair the regiment was complimented by its brigade commander for having been first inside the city.

On the twenty-fourth of May the regiment took position on what was known as the Dallas line, and was constantly in the front engaging the enemy daily, losing nine men killed and wounded. June 19th it reached and occupied a position at the foot of Kennesaw mountain, where the next few days, with the great loyal wave that rolled up and fell back from the rugged face of old Kennesaw, many a gallant life was destined to go out. The regiment suffered considerably in occupying its first position, losing eleven men killed and wounded. On the evening of the twenty-sixth Colonel Durbin Ward relieved the regiment from this position, which that officer named the "Valley of Hell." At 10 A. M., on the twenty-seventh the regiment formed part of the charging column of the Fourteenth corps upon Kennesaw Mountain, and in that disastrous affair lost one hundred and sixty-four officers and men killed and wounded. It succeeded in making a lodgement close up under the enemy's guns, and held it, thereby securing possession of the National dead and wounded; but dearly did the regiment pay for its bravery. Among the commissioned officers the regiment mourned the loss of Major John Yager among its bravest and best; also the accomplished Captain Clason, the young and promising Patrick, and the brave and reliable Lloyd. There were also eight officers wounded.

Speaking of the death of Major Yager, Adjutant Fitch says, in a letter to his bereaved widow:

Early yesterday morning our regiment with the remainder of the army were drawn up in line for a charge on the enemy's lines. At a given signal we advanced ; the enemy fell back before us, but the price of victory- was a dear one. It was directly in front of the enemy's works, foremost in the line of his duty, that Major Yager fell. He was wounded in three places-in the left arm just below the shoulder, through both thighs and in the right knee. His pistol and memorandum book were taken from his body by the enemy, who controlled the ground on which he fell. Nothing else about his person was disturbed. His body will be sent home directed to S. S. Tuttle, of Fredericktown. His wounds were of such a character that lie must have died soon. He looked calm and peaceful. The major was generous, brave, and possessed true nobility of soul; he was true to his family and friends, and died as a soldier wishes to die-facing his foes.

From a letter signed "Knox," dated near Marietta, Georgia, June 28, 1864, the following particulars of this engagement are taken

We have again passed through the " Baptism of fire " an ordeal that will cause may tears and shadows to fall at the fire; sides of many Knox county homes. Early yesterday morning it was announced to the army that there would be a general advance of our lines upon the enemy's position. Between 9 and 10 A. M. all was ready; the advance was formed in two lines of battle with two lines in the rear as reserves. just before 10 A.M. an unusual stillness prevailed on our entire front. It was the stillness succeeding an awful storm. Suddenly the roar of artillery from given points along the line announced that the army was ready to move, and the command "Forward!" passed along the lines. With bayonets fixed and arms trailed, the long

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 333

lines, preceded by skirmishers, leaped over the works. The distance to the enemy's works in our immediate front was about half a mile, a swampy piece of ground intervening. In a few minutes our skirmishers met those of the enemy, and a sharp encounter ensued. Our battalion advanced with shouts to their support, on double-quick, and the enemy's skirmishers gave way, but they wete not quick enough and most of them were captured. Our lines continued to advance under heavy fire of grape and cannister to within a short distance of the enemy's stronghold. Our skirmishers reached the ditches under the enemy' s guns, but were compelled to fall back on the reserve, which had gained the ridge in front and laid down within fifty yards of the rebel works, and were compelling them to keep their heads down by a continuous fire.

The One Hundred and Twenty-first Ohio, Colonel Banning, was placed in the second line, covered by the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio, until the lines halted, when we were deployed, having the One Hundred and Thirteenth on our left, and as we supposed the Ninety-eighth Ohio, and Seventy-eighth Illinois on our right. From some cause these two regiments did not come to our support and we were left to a murderous enfilading fire of grape, cannister and musketry. In addition to this misfortune the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio on our left, having lost its commander in the onset, gave way, thereby not j only exposing our regiment to a cross fire on the left, but the j enemy perceiving the confusion took advantage of it and rising I above their works poured in a heavy volley. .also, at this juncture, a brigade on our right was driven back and the order to retreat passed along the lines.

Colonel Banning's orders were to hold his position, and although we were much exposed, instead of retreating, he determined to hold his position until he received further orders, or the exigencies of the position became so critical as to leave no other alternative. The case was desperate-no support right or left. The One Hundred and Twenty-first held the enemy in check along the whole front of the brigade. Closely did we hug the ground, and every tree and stump was utilized for protection. Toward evening the enemy, finding it impossible to dislodge our regiment without coming out of their works, gave up their endeavors, with the exception of occasional shots from . sharp-shooters. They were at bay, with no distance between our lines and their works to establish a picket line. Part of the regiment was sent a little to the rear to entrench, and when night set in the work of taking the wounded from the field began.

Colonel Banning conducted himself with the utmost coolness, and has already received the highest commendations for the manner in which the regiment conducted itself under fire and without support. It is said General Thomas accomplished what he wanted, but at dear cost.

Following is a list of killed and wounded in the Knox county companies: Killed Major John Yeager; Captain Lina Patrick of company G, a young man from Logan county; Corporal Linsey Cullison; privates Eli Lafever and Jacob Wolf. Wounded company F, Sergeant Josiah McClelland, severely in the side. He subsequently obtained a furlough, came home to Milford township, and died from the effects of his wound. Corporal Sylvester Best, wounded in the finger; Corporal Jesse Headington, slightly; privates Charles Green, Martin McGaw, Silas Sprague, George Huff and Thomas Chaffane. Wounded company G, Sergeant M. C. Taylor; Corporal Ayers Nysonger; privates Abraham Crider, Jacob Ayers, Thomas Hoar, Wesley Hoar, Heber Sims, Sidney Wood, Job Hardin, Augustus Bailey, James Perrine and Martin Modi. G. W. Humphrey, Jacob Black and Thomas n. Ayers were missing.

It was a bloody day for the One Hundred and Twenty-first, more bloody even than Chickamauga.

July 9th the regiment was engaged at the railroad bridge over the Chattahoochie, and lost five killed and four wounded. It then went into position on the north bank of the Chattahoochie until the seventeenth. It crossed the river on the morning of that day, and engaged the enemy at Peachtree Creek on the eighteenth. On the twentieth it crossed the creek, drove the enemy and occupied his position. On the twenty-second the regiment joined its brigade, and took position on the right of the National line, three miles from Atlanta. It remained in this position until the fourth of August, when it moved forward and occupied a position on the Sandtown road. While constructing works it lost one man killed, and one officer and four men wounded. It again advanced in line on the fifth, sixth, and seventh, losing nine men wounded. The works of the enemy were occupied.

July 28th the grand flank movement to Jonesborough was commenced. The regiment took the advance in this movement, acting as skirmishers for the Second division leading the column of the Fourteenth corps. It became hotly engaged with the enemy immediately after passing through the earthworks of the Fourth corps, and drove him five miles across the Montgomery railroad. In this affair one man was killed, and two officers and six men wounded.

On the thirtieth the regiment moved with the army in the direction of the Macon railroad, and on the first of September occupied a position one mile north of Jonesborough, to the right of the Macon railroad. At 4. P. M. a charge was made on the enemy's works, carrying them, and capturing Govan's rebel battery and many prisoners. This affair forced the enemy to retire from Jonesbor-

334 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

ough, and it fell into the hands of the National army.

The capture of Jonesborough ended the Atlanta campaign. Atlanta was occupied by the National forces on the eighth. The whole army went into camp around Atlanta, and the official reports of the campaign were made. The following extract is from the report of Colonel Banning of the operations of the One Hundred and Twenty-first:

I started with four hundred and twenty-nine non-commissioned officers and privates, and eighteen commissioned officers. Four officers were killed and eight wounded; twenty-two men were killed upon the field, and two hundred and five wounded; one captured.

The regiment remained in camp about three weeks, resting the men and putting the regimental affairs in proper shape.

For ability as a commander, and distinguished conduct on the Atlanta campaign, Colonel H. B. Banning was, on recommendation of General Jeff. C. Davis (approved by General George H. Thomas), breveted a brigadier general of volunteers.

About the twenty-ninth of September the regiment was sent back to Chattanooga by rail, where, on its arrival, it was attached to an expedition against Forest's cavalry, then raiding on the Chattanooga & Nashville railroad. It followed the rebel cavalry, and drove it across the Tennessee river into Alabama. It then returned to Chattanooga and took part in the chase after Hood's army. Joining the forces of General Sherman at Rome, Georgia, the regiment marched with the expedition to Savannah and the sea. At Rome, Georgia, Colonel Banning reported to General J. B. Steedman for orders, and the command of the regiment devolved upon Lieutenant Colonel A. B. Robinson, who led it to Savannah and up to its final muster out.

The regiment marched with the National forces through the Carolinas, was engaged at Bentonville, where it lost six men killed and twenty wounded. This was the last battle for the One Hundred and Twenty-first, and was also almost the last of the great war. Captains Charles P. Caris and Willoughby were wounded in this battle, the former so severely that he died at Goldsborough.

The regiment camped ten days at Goldsborough, and about the tenth of April moved to Raleigh, and from there to Cape Fear river. In the mean time Lee and Johnston had surrendered. April 22d it fell back to Holly Springs and went into camp. May 1st it joined the march of the National forces through Richmond to Washington, and participated in the grand review.

It was paid off and discharged at Columbus, Ohio, Tune 12, 1865. Colonel Banning was breveted major general, "for gallant and meritorious services during the war."

The following, regarding the flag of the One Hundred and Twenty-first, is from a letter written from Atlanta, September 15, 1864, by the chaplain of the regiment:

The patriotic ladies of our military district remembered our regiment when we left Ohio, and presented us with a beautiful flag. Two years have passed, and a remnant of that flag still remains. This flag was the first one planted at the mouth of Buzzard Roost gap, shared in the victory at Resaca, and was the first one planted on the rebel works at Rome, Georgia. It floated defiantly in the face of the foe at Dallas and Kennesaw. It was the first to cross the Chattahoochie on the seventeenth of July; on the morning of the eighteenth the regiment was ordered on a reconnaissance, advanced and planted this flag, the first on the bank of the Peachtree creek, whose waters were on the twentieth crimsoned with the blood of our braves. In all the memorable engagements in front of Atlanta this flag bore a conspicuous part. It was the first planted on the Montgomery railroad after the loss of eight of its brave defenders. At the battle of Jonesborough it was the first to cross the enemy's works, and was planted upon Sweet's captured rebel battery; and here its gallant defenders resisted two desperate charges of the enemy to retake their guns. Through fire and blood this flag has been carried, and although tattered and torn by the bullets of the enemy, it has never been disgraced.

The same writer also gives the following list of losses in companies F and G from May 1, 1864, to the date of the letter:

COMPANY F.

Wounded. James Lint, Josiah McClelland, George Huff, Thomas Chaffane, George Breckenridge, William Hammond, Sylvester Best, Silas Sprague, Francis McGibbon, Peter Feister, Stiles Sunkins, Edwin Davidson, Martin McGraw, Charles Green.

COMPANY G.

Killed.-Captain L. A. Patrick, Thomas D. Ayres, Henry Cullison, Eli Lefever, Jacob Wolf.

Wounded.--Lieutenant James Ball, Lieutenant Maholm Willoughby, C. M. Taylor, Jacob Ayres, Heber Sims, Augustus Ball, Martin Modi, Henry Weeks, John Crill, William Bergen, Samuel Henry, Ayres Arsinger, Thomas D. Hoar, Sidney Wood, Jacob Black, Robert Wells, James \f. Black, Charles Sommers, J. B. Brown, Mathew Moore, Abram Crider, Wesley Hoar, Job Hardin, James Perin, M. Holler, W. H. H. Davis, David McFarland.

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 335

CHAPTER XXXVII.

WAR OF THE REBELLION-CONCLUDED.

ORGANIZATION OF COMPANY F, ONE HUNDRED AND TWEN

TY-FIFTH REGIMENT-MUSTER ROLL-OPERATIONS OF THE

REGIMENT IN THE FIELD-SECOND OHIO HEAVY ARTIL-

LERY-EIGHTEENTH UNITED STATES REGULARS-CAPTAIN

COE'S SHARPSHOOTERS-LIST OF REGIMENTS IN WHICH

KNOX COUNTY WAS REPRESENTED--ONE HUNDRED AND

FORTY SECOND OHIO NATIONAL GUARD-MUSTER ROLLS-

"SQUIRREL HUNTERS"-CLOSE OF THE WAR.

DURING the fall of 1862, the business of drafting, hiring substitutes and volunteering was going on rapidly in this county, under the two calls of the President for six hundred thousand men. About this time one company was raised, principally in the vicinity of Martinsburgh, by Captain S. B. Parks. Colonel Banning was also at home assisting in the recruiting business, and through his exertions and those of C. C. Baugh, and Albert Barnes of Martinsburgh, about one and a half companies were raised in the county. A squad under Lieutenant Barnes formed part of company G. Captain Parks had raised a company for the three months' service, at Martinsburgh, and had conducted it to Camp Chase, where it remained on guard duty until its term of service expired. The men raised in the fall of 1862, were taken to Camp Mansfield, thence to Camp Cleveland, where they were consolidated with other parts of companies and battalions, which had been gathered at that point by Colonel Emerson Opdyke, the consolidation forming the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio; of which Emerson Opdyke became colonel and Henry B. Banning lieutenant colonel.

Muster-roll of company F, One Hundred and Twenty-fifth regiment, mustered into service December 17, 1862:

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Steen B. Parks, September 24, 1862.

First Lieutenant David Humphrey, September 24, 1862.

Second Lieutenant Charles T. Clark, September 24, 1862.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Henry N. Penfield, October 16, 1862.

Sergeant Jacob Jewel, October 22, 1862.

Sergeant Jeremiah S. Stinger, October 13, 1862.

Sergeant James R. Brown, October 8, 1862.

Sergeant David Blystone, October 5, 1862.

Corporal Alexander H. Postel, October 27, 1862.

Corporal Jonathan Sims, October 22, 1862.

Corporal John Wasmon, October 22, 1862.

Corporal Henry G. Russell, October 23, 1862.

Corporal John R. Beatty, October 29, 1862.

Corporal John R. Clark, October 28, 1862.

Corporal William Reagh, November 4, 1862.

PRIVATES.

Brown, Frederick, October 27, 1862.

Beckholt, William, October 20, 1862.

Beery, William, October 30, x862.

Brown, William, December 4, 1862.

Baerman, John P., November 22. 1862.

Cattrell Leander, October 22, 1862.

Chapman, George, October 28, 1862.

Clark, William, November 11, 1862.

Cooper, Daniel, October 28, 1862.

Chase, Levi, November 13, 1862.

Clere, Claud, November 14, 1862.

Dorsey, John, November 13, 1862.

Duckman Augustus, November 13, 1862.

Dulybon, Matthew, November 12, 1862.

Denny, James, October 8, 1862.

Flemming, James C., October 29, 1862.

Forney, Adam L., October 28, 1862.

Fawcett, Thompson I., October 25, 1862.

Foltz, Eli J., November 11, 1862.

Goetz, John, November 20, 1862.

Graham, Henry, October 22, 1862.

Hess, David K., November 13, 1862.

Harris, Manoah P., October 6, 1862.

Hall, Nathan K., October 10, 1862.

Hall, Thomas L. October 10, 1862.

Heimback, John, October 14, 1862.

Hoffman, Henry, October 22, 1862.

Hassbyze, Charles, October 25, 1862.

Jennings, William T., October 22, 1862.

Jewell, Charles, October 17, 1862.

Jewell, David L., October l0, 1862.

Keyes, Joseph H., October 8, 1862.

Kime, Franklin, October 6, 1862.

Lowry, William, December 22, 1862.

Lawyer, Michael W., October 12, 1862.

Ling, Conrad, November 11, 1862.

Maxson, Alfred, October 8, 1862.

McNarland, William M., October l0, 1862.

McNarland, John, October 20, 1862.

Meek, William A., October 10, 1862.

McManell, John, November 12, 1862.

Melich, Jefferson, October 9, 1862.

Murphy, Marion F., October 20, 1862.

Musk, Aaron, October 4, 1862.

McNatt, Isaac. October 24, 1862.

Maloy, William, November 27, 1862.

Moore, John, December 4, 1862.

Newcomer, Christian, October 28, 1862.

North, John, October 4, 1862.

Porter, William. October 29, 1862.

Pfister, Matthias November 12, 1862.

Regb, John P., November 4, 1862.

Ross, Elmos N., November 23, 1862.

Sailor, Samuel, October 5, 1862.

Scott, James F., October 5, 1862.,

Scott, William B., October 19, 1862.

Seasight, Clay C.. October 24, 1862.

336 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Stewart, John A., October 28, 1862.

Sperry, Joseph H., November 7, 1862.

Shoalts, Orlando, November 7, 1862.

Sigler, Philip M., October 21, 1862.

Siemen, George, November 24, 1862.

Schneider, Henry, November 22, 1862.

Schneider, John, November 22, 1862.

Shad, Jacob, November 22, 1862.

Sauther, Jacob, November 27, 1862.

Tuttle, Amos, October 20, 1862.

Tuttle, Cary, October 20, 1862.

Thompson, James, October 4, 1862.

Tipton, Elijah, October 22, 1862.

Trimble, T. Edson, October 22, 1862.

Vaugn, Benjamin, October 22, 1862.

Willemin, James, October 7, 1862.

Whitmore, Henry, October 27, 1862.

Williams, Joseph, October 5, 1862.

Woodruff, Marion, October 20, 1862.

Wallace, James, November 15, 1862.

Williams, David, November 21, 1862.

Wilcox, Edward, October 8, '62.

Yeoder, Jacob, October 4, '62.

Yeoder, Alexander, October 24, '62.

Grass, John, November 12, '62.

Grime, Joseph, November 14, '62.

Gumunder, Frederick, November 22, '62.

Klein, George, November 22, '62.

COMPANY G.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Sergeant Charles W. Fisher, October 10, '61.

Corporal William V. Nickerson. October l0, '61.

PRIVATES.

Chasman, Henry, October 10, '61.

Dillen, Eli H., October 10, '61.

Gassaway, Benton, October 20, 61.

Hargrove, Duckworth, October 11, '61.

Hillis, Melvin, October 11, '61.

Johnson, Joseph, October l0, '61.

Jones, John, November 13, '61.

Menyhune, I. H., October 13, '61.

Singer, John, October 10, '61.

Smith, James C., October 11, '61.

Thompson, Charles, October 11, '61.

Vallandingharn, G. B., October 8, '61.

Elder, Thomas, November 12, '61.

The One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth was partly composed of drafted men and substitutes, but became one of the best in the service. Captain Parks' company became company F of this regiment.

The regiment left Cleveland January 3, 1863, southward bound, and on the eighth went into camp a mile beyond Louisville, Kentucky. Its first skirmish was at Franklin, Tennessee, where it was placed on the skirmish line, and drove the rebels from that place. This was in February, and on the ninth of March the rebels attempted to retake the place, but were driven back by the One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth. The attempt was repeated April 10th, but the rebels were again repulsed, and pursued by the regiment to Columbia.

During the summer it did a great deal of hard marching, and on the eleventh of September was engaged in severe skirmishing near Lee & Gordon's mills, and the enemy was forced back across Chickamauga creek. From this time until the eighteenth of September the regiment was engaged in almost constant skirmishing until the opening of the battle of Chickamauga. In this great battle it saw its first hard fighting. At one P. M. the division to which it was attached, was ordered to support the left of the National lines. It entered the field on the double-quick, and was soon actively engaged. One of the officers thus writes:

Side by side and shoulder to shoulder did the men of the One Hundred and Twenty-Fifth contest that bloody field, aiming low and promptly obeying orders. Nine prisoners were taken, three of whom were captured by the colonel himself, and three by Adjutant E. G. Whitesides. The rebels were routed in confusion, and after dark we bivouacked on the field without fire, without supper, and many of our men without blankets, while a cold north wind chilled our wearied limbs almost to numbness. At two P. M. of the twentieth we were again called to arms, and having marched two miles to a new position, we halted. A hasty breakfast was prepared and eaten, and we then took our place as a reserve near the left of McCook's and at the right of Thomas' corps. The battle opened on Thomas' left at eight A. M. so severely that the division was ordered to move on the double-quick to support it. Through some misapprehension a gap was left in McCook's line unprotected, through which the enemy poured, driving his corps almost completely from the field, and exposing the troops in that vicinity to a murderous cross-fire.

At this moment Generals Thomas and Garfield rode up to the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio, and the former said, "This point must beheld." Colonel Opdyke replied that it could be held, and, riding to the front of the regiment, led in a charge made by the brigade, and the rebels were driven back. The enemy now advanced their second line, but the advanced position was held until the enemy's fire literally enfiladed the regiment, killing Lieutenant King and many more, and seriously wounding Captain Youmans and Lieutenant Barnes. The latter died of his wounds, October 2, 1863. The regiment retired slowly and in good order to the former position, which General Thomas said must be held. Here the fight

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 337

was renewed with increased fury. For two long hours a sea of fire swept the field, covering the ground with friend and foe. Colonel Opdyke rode along the lines encouraging his men amid the. (lying bullets, both himself and horse being struck, but escaping serious injury. The enemy were repulsed with great slaughter. At 3 P. M. the Forty-first Ohio came up and lay down a few yards in rear of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth, just as the enemy made his last assault. The men of the Forty-first recognized Colonel Opdyke, who had j formerly served in that regiment as captain, and gave him three rousing cheers. The regiment held the position until the firing ceased and night closed upon the bloody field, then fell back with the army to Rossville, and thence to Chattanooga. So prominent had been the bravery of the regiment in this action that General Rosecrans complimented it, and General Woods christened it the "Tiger Regiment of Ohio." The next battle in which the regiment took part was the storming of Mission Ridge, November 26, 1863. It was in the front of the battle and captured a rebel battery located in front of Bragg's headquarters. Its loss was severe. In the pursuit of the enemy the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was in the advance, following as far as Bird's mills, when it was ordered to return to Chattanooga.

On the twenty-eighth of November the regiment started, with other troops of the Fourth corps to the relief of Burnside at Knoxville. From this place it moved on the sixteenth of December toward Dandridge, where the enemy was found and a severe fight took place in which the regiment suffered severe losses. The National troops were driven back, but night coming to their relief, they built large and numerous fires to deceive the enemy as to their numbers, and commenced a retreat to Knoxville, where they arrived in safety. The regiment went into winter quarters at Loudon.

In the spring of 1864, General Sherman concentrated the troops for his Atlanta campaign. The One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was attached to the Third brigade, Second division, Fourth army corps, and engaged in the first battle of the campaign, at Dalton, May 7, 1863. General Howard sent an order to General Harker to send a regiment of his best troops to dislodge the enemy from Rocky Face ridge, and the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was detailed for this work. It moved up the steep side of the mountain, charged the enemy and drove him from his works, with a loss of four killed and eighteen wounded. The enemy was followed along the crest of the mountain to his main works, where the regiment halted and threw up temporary works for the night. On the following day an attack was made by the brigade upon the rebel works, but after considerable hard fighting and loss, the National forces were compelled to withdraw and again encamped upon the ground occupied the night previous. During the night of the twelfth the enemy evacuated his position before Dalton, and the National forces started in pursuit, coming up with him on the fourteenth at Resaca. Here the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was again conspicuous for its bravery and efficiency. It charged upon the enemy, driving him from his works, and holding the position until relieved at night. Colonel Harker, commanding the brigade, and Colonel Opdyke were wounded. At Lost Mountain it again distinguished itself by a sweeping charge across a deep miry stream, driving the enemy from his works in the face of a murderous artillery fire. The regiment was again in the charge at Kennesaw Mountain, where the National forces were repulsed, and the regiment lost heavily, General Harker receiving his death wound.

After the fall of Atlanta the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was one of the regiments sent back to watch the movements of Hood. It was in the battle of Franklin where it gallantly charged the enemy, capturing eighty prisoners and two battle flags. Its lost was severe.

Part of the regiment was on the skirmish line at the battle of Nashville and did good execution. At 7 A. M. the regiment advanced upon the enemy's works, and after a sharp fight carried them. The next day, the sixteenth of December, the regiment again charged with the brigade, and the rebels fled in confusion. This was its last battle. It was mustered out at Camp Chase, October 17, 1865.

SECOND OHIO HEAVY ARTILLERY.

By the middle of 1863, the National armies had made important captures of forts and other strong

338 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

holds belonging to the enemy. It became necessary to recruit a class of troops whose duty it should be to fortify, garrison and hold these captures. This culminated in the formation of heavy artillery regiments numbering twenty-four hundred men each. Two of these were raised in Ohio. The companies numbered about two hundred men each. One of these companies was partly recruited in Mt. Vernon, about forty men from this place entering Battery I, Second Ohio heavy artillery, under Captain Thomas A. Stevenson. Battery I was mustered into the United States service September p, 1863, at Covington, Kentucky, and October 11th moved to Fort De Wolf, at Shepherdsville, Kentucky. Remaining here until January 10, 1864, it went to Fort Nelson (Camp Nelson), Kentucky. May 26, 1865, the battery moved from Camp Nelson to Camp Sedgwick, at Cleveland, Tennessee, and while there was engaged (seventeenth of August) with a rebel cavalry force under Wheeler.

October 9, 1864, the battery was transferred to Fort Galpin, at Knoxville, and on December 7th it marched with the forces under Brigadier General Jacob Ammen, to Bean's Station. It returned to Galpin, where it remained until August 23, 1865, when it was taken to Nashville and mustered out of service. August 29, 1865, it was paid, and finally discharged at Camp Chase.

EIGHTEENTH UNITED STATES REGULARS.

In the summer of 1861 Lieutenant Ogden, of the regular army, opened a recruiting office in Mt. Vernon to procure men for the Eighteenth United States regulars-a new regiment then organizing under Colonel Carrington. Lieutenant Ogden was assisted by Lieutenant H. B. Freeman, a resident of Mt. Vernon.

About forty men were recruited in Knox county and forwarded, in detachments, to the general rendezvous of the regiment at Columbus. The company entered the field the following fall, and did active and efficient service during the war. It was engaged in the battles at and near Lebanon, Mill Springs, Somerset, and Louisville, Kentucky; also at Fort Donelson, Nashville, Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, and Mission Ridge. It fought all through the Atlanta campaign, and was with Thomas' army at Franklin, Columbia, and Nashville.

Lieutenant Freeman was wounded at Chickamauga and fell into the hands of the enemy. He was a prisoner in Libby, Macon, Charleston and Columbia, where he escaped and was concealed until Sherman's army came through when he joined it. Several of the Knox county boys lost their lives in this regiment, among whom were Jesse Headington, company F, killed at Stone River; Henry Davy, company G, died in Andersonville; M. Burch, Company B, killed. Several were wounded and died in the service.

In addition to the foregoing organizations that were sent into the war by Knox county there were many squads raised in different parts of the county, recruited by various individuals and placed generally in Ohio regiments, but it is not possible to give a detailed history of these scattered fragments. Captain Charles H. Coe, of Centerburgh, raised a company or squad of sharps-hooters; Captain Coe entering the service November 16, 1862. Ten companies of this class of troops were recruited in Ohio, but only three of these were recognized as sharp-shooters during the war.

Quite a number of men from Knox also went into the Third Ohio cavalry, and the county was represented in the following Ohio regiments by one or more men, often by a squad: the Second (George Hollister of Milford township being a captain in this regiment;) Twenty-third, Thirty-first, Fifty-second, Sixty-first, Seventy-sixth, Seventy-ninth, Eightieth, Eighty-second, Eighty-fifth, One Hundred and Seventh, One Hundred and Eightyseventh and One Hundred and Ninety-fifth.

A squad of thirty or more men was recruited in the fall of 1861, and taken into the Eightysecond regiment by Loyd Lippet of Mount Vernon.

ONE HUNDRED AND FORTY SECOND O. N. G.

The incipient beginnings of the One Hundred and Forty-second Ohio National Guard, six companies of which were from Knox county, date as far back as April 11, 1863, when the legislature of Ohio passed the well known militia law, dividing the State and the different counties into militiary districts, for better and more perfect organization, and to facilitate the raising of troops.

HISTORY OF. KNOX COUNTY. - 339

The following documents speak for themselves:

STATE OF OHIO EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,

COLUMBUS, June 27, 1863.

To the People of Ohio:

I have this moment (4 P. M.) received the following dispatch from Major General Burnside, and lose not a moment in laying it before you:

"CINCINNATI, June 27, 1863.

To Governor Tod;

It is of the utmost importance that the people of Ohio should respund with the greatest alacrity to the call of the President for troops from this State.

[The call here referred to was one for one hundred thousand men from the States of Ohio, Maryland, West Virginia and Pennsylvania for six mouths, to repel a threatened invasion. Ohio's quota was thirty thousand.]

The enemy is now threatening our northern cities with a large force. The vital necessity of promptly meeting and driving him back must be felt by every man. The sudden call of last year which resulted in such an immense loss of time, labor and money; the stoppage of all business transactions, and the risk of serious loss of property, should be remembered. The recurrence of that excitement can be avoided now by the prompt efforts of the people in aid of the President's call, and the immediate organization of a well-disciplined force. I feel confident that the people of Ohio have only to know the necessity for this call to insure an instant and hearty response.

I pledge my full and earnest co-operation in every effort to meet and repel the threatened danger.

A. E. BURNSIDE, Major-General."

This appeal of General Burnside must be promptly responded to or our State is certain to be invaded. Allow me to recommend that all places of business be dosed at 3 P. M. Of each day for the coming week, and that every man devote himself to the noble work of raising troops to save our State from invasion.

The camps of rendezvous heretofore designated by me are in complete readiness to receive all who wish to respond to the call. If the enemy know that we are prepared to give them a warm reception, they may not attempt to invade us, but if we remain destitute of a force to meet them, they are certain to do so.

Rally then for the protection of your firesides so sacred and dear to all.

In response to the above, the following military notice was issued by the trustees and clerk of Clinton township:

Notice is hereby given that the township of Clinton, in Knox county, has been by us, in pursuance of the act to organize and discipline the military of Ohio, passed April 11, 1863, divided into the following company districts.

After designating the boundaries of the districts, four in number, the notice continues:

All persons liable to perform military duty in each of said military districts, are hereby notified to meet on Saturday, the fourth day of July, 1863, at 1 P. M., to elect by ballot one captain, one first lieutenant, and one second lieutenant for the company in their respective districts-each district to raise one company. The election for the First district will be held at Ewalt's school-house; for the Second district, at the Market house; for the Third district. at the city council chamber; and for the Fourth district, at the school-house in sub-district number six in said township.

TRUSTEES

SAMUEL DAVIS

TRUMAN WARD.

GEO. E. RAYMOND,

M. L. MILLS, Clerk.

Similar notices were posted in every township in the county, and thus was the county thoroughly organized and every man subject to military duty enrolled.

Lee invaded Pennsylvania, was driven back at Gettysburgh, and thus closed the threatened invasion of the northern States for the time. The One Hundred and Forty-second regiment was part of the militia organized at this time.

The first company was recruited and organized at Mt. Vernon in July, 1863, by William C. Cooper, who was elected captain, and subsequently became colonel of the regiment. These militia organizations were at first intended as home guards, indeed, nothing more was expected of them, and according to the terms of their enlistment no legal means could be used to compel them to go beyond the borders of the State. In the spring of 1864, when the Government determined to put forth all its power and crush the rebellion at one mighty blow, it turned toward Ohio and these "Home Guards" for help, and was not disappointed. More than thirty-two thousand of them were suddenly transferred to "National Guards," and were, as volunteers, mustered into the service of the United States, for one hundred days. Ohio produced this great army of men after three years of volunteering, during which she had furnished nearly two hundred thousand men. The history of the National guard of Ohio would of itself make a volume, but it is sufficient here to say that it was a grand uprising of a grand, earnest, and patriotic people, in which Knox county contributed her share and added her might to the great host that swept south to the assistance of the Government, occupying the forts and defences, thus releasing the veterans to move against the rebel armies.

The men went forth, too, at a time in the war and in the year that they could not well be spared from their homes and farms. Somebody must hold

340 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY

the plow that the great army in front might be fed. The National Guard was called out the first of May, just as they (a large proportion of them were farmers) were preparing to put in spring crops. Many of these left the plow standing in the furrow, as did their forefathers at Lexington; and the women and children only were left in hundreds of homes, to till the soil. Others left their workshops, banks and stores, and

"Like mountain torrents pouring to the main,

From every glen a living stream came forth,

From every hill in crowds they hastened down.-'

The history of the National Guard reveals more clearly than almost any other act in the great drama, the terrible earnestness, patriotism, and determination of the people.

The following from the Secretary of War would seem appropiate here

WASHINGTON, May 26, 1864.

To His Excellency Governor Brough:

This morning's report of the adjutant general shows that since the date of the proposition made by you and other governors of the Western States to the President, thirty-eight regiments of infantry troops, numbering over thirty-two thousand men have been called out, armed and equipped, and sent from the State of Ohio to the respective points designated by the department, and this while the draft is going on for three years men, and all the veteran troops in the field have re-enlisted.

This prompt and energetic action of yourself, your staff and the loyal people of the State exhibits an unmatched effort of the devoted patriotism and stem determination to spare no sacrifice to maintain the Nation and overthrow the rebellion. You will please accept for yourself and the patriot people of Ohio the thanks of the President and of this department.

E. M. STANTON, Secretary of War.

After the organization of the militia in 1863, meetings were frequently and regularly held for drill, and on the first of May, 1864, when Governor Brough asked the services of the One Hundred and Forty-second regiment, it reported promptly, and was a well drilled and as fine looking body of men as went from Knox county during the war. Its field officers were-William C. Cooper, colonel; William Rogers, lieutenant colonel; William M. Young, major; Wilson N. King, surgeon, Jacob Stamp, assistant surgeon; Frederick D. Sturges, adjutant; Alexander H. Fritchey, quartermaster and William J. Trimble, chaplain.

The following extract from a letter written by a member of the regiment, gives a picture of the start. It is dated at Fort Lyon, Alexandria, Virginia, May 30, 1864:

We left Mt. Vernon on the morning of the eleventh, in open freight cars, and in a snow storm. We were all day reaching Columbus, arriving there at five o'clock and marching to Camp Chase, four miles from the city.

We met a cool reception here, as there was no preparation to receive us, and it was near midnight before wood, tents or rations were issued to the men, and more than one thought of warm suppers and good beds at home, but there was no grumbling. The next day we were made comfortable, but I must say that the first day was the roughest we have seen thus far.

On the thirteenth we were mustered into the service of the United States for one hundred days, and received orders to prepare three days rations, which consisted of salt meat and "hard-tack."

On the fourteenth we marched to Columbus, where we exchanged our arms for Springfield rifles, and at six r,. m. the left for Wheeling, passing through Zanesville just at daylight and reaching the Ohio river at noon.

We did not notice any signs of war until we arrived at Cheat river, where on the top of a hill, perhaps three hundred feet high, we saw the flag of our country waving over a small fort, built to protect the bridge. From this place there was a strong guard at all important points; but it was not until we reached New creek that we saw what might be called an effective force. There is quite an imposing looking fort at this place. The nest place was Piedmont, where the rebels just one week before destroyed the extensive works belonging to the railroad. The damage done was estimated at five hundred thousand dollars.

W e reached Martinsburgh on the seventeenth and were dctained two days on account of damage by high water to the bridge at Harper's Ferry.

While at Martinsburgh we saw a train of wounded from Siegel's army-it was a sickening sight. We arrived at Harper's Ferry on the nineteenth, and crossed in a boat worked by ropes

Leaving here at eight in the evening we arrived at Washington Saturday at ten A. M., having been just a week on the road from Columbus. They marched us to the Soldier's Rest, where we were fed and started on our way to this place (Fort Lyoro which is a group of forts, thirteen miles from Washington, two from Alexandria and five from Mt. Vernon. The men there pretty well exhausted by the time they reached the fort. Fort Lyon is a very strong fortification, containing forty-two cannon and several mortars. The Tenth New York heavy artillery occupied these forts before we catne. This splendid regiment of seventeen hundred men was sent to reinforce General Butler. Colonel Cooper was offered a brigadier general's commission, and the command of the forts, but declined.

The regiment remained at Fort Lyon busily engaged in strengthening the fortifications and perfecting its drill, until June 5th, when orders were received to report to General Ambercrombie, at White House landing on the Pamunkey river.

The regiment took the steamer at Alexandria June 7th, and arrived at White House on the ninth about midnight, and went into camp in. the open field. The wounded from the battle of Cold Harbor, then in progress, were being brought in a gloomy reception to inexperienced soldiers. With-

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 341

out rest the regiment, carrying six day's rations, left all its baggage and marched (at four A. M.) to guard a supply-train through the Wilderness to General Grant's front, near Cold Harbor, a distance of sixteen miles. Arriving there in the evening Colonel Cooper reported to General Meade, who ordered him to report his regiment to General Butler at Bermuda Hundred. This point was reached by water June 13th, where, without being permitted to land, it was conveyed, on transports, to Point of Rocks, about five miles below Petersburgh. Here it was landed and marched about six miles, to the extreme right of the National line.

Thinking to get a night's rest, the tired soldiers lay down on their blankets; but just as they had lapsed into dreamy forgetfulness, the long roll sounded. Leaving its tents standing the regiment was marched three miles on double-quick, through a dense, dark pine forest, filled with stumps and underbrush over which the men often stumbled and fell.

The point to be defended was reached and the men immediately placed in rifle-pits, in which exposed position they passed about a week. They were then detailed to destroy a line of earthworks from which the enemy had been driven. While engaged in this duty they were resisted by the rebels; but the regiment, with the aid of other troops on the line, not only completed the work of destruction, but drove the rebels from the field.

Hardly a day passed without the regiment or detachments from it being detailed for picket or fatigue duty. At one time the whole regiment was detailed to build a fort at Turkey Bend, on James river, which duty it performed with credit and dispatch, although incessantly annoyed by shells from a hostile battery.

On the nineteenth of August it received orders to repair to Washington city, as its term of service had about expired. It accordingly embarked on transports at Bermuda Hundred, and reached Washington on the twenty-first. Thence it went by rail to Camp Chase, Ohio, and was there mustered out of the service of the United States September 2, 1864. The regiment arrived in Mt. Vernon September 3d.

Out of an aggregate strength of eight hundred and forty-five men the regiment lost fifty, mostly from disease incident to camp life, excessive fatigue and exposure.

Following are the muster-rolls of the Knox county companies of the One Hundred and Fortysecond Ohio National Guard. These companies were mustered into the service May 13, 1864

FIELD AND STAFF.

Colonel William C. Cooper, May 2, 1864.

Lieutenant Colonel William Rogers, May 2, 1864.

Major William M. Young, May 2, 1864.

Adjutant Frederick D. Sturges, May 2, 1864.

Quartermaster Alexander H. Fritchie, May 2, 1864.

Surgeon Wilson A. King, May 2, 1864.

Chaplain William J. Trimble, May 2, 1864.

NON - COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Sergeant Major Edward C. Camp, May 2, 1864.

Quartermaster Sergeant Henry L. Curtis, May 2, 1864.

Commissary Sergeant John W. Stanton, May 2, 1864.

Hospital Steward John J. Scribner, May 2, 1864.

COMPANY A.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Tesse Davis, May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant Milton L. Mills, May 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant Alexander B. Tarr, May 2, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Luther L. Hyatt, May 2, 1864,

Third Sergeant William H. Linn, May 2, 1864.

Fourth Sergeant Gilford D. Bishop, May 2, 1864.

Fifth Sergeant William Frazier, May 2, 1864.

First Corporal Jacob Cochran, May 2, 1864.

Second Corporal W. O. Shaw, May 2, 1864.

Fourth Corporal George Scott, May 2, 1864.

Fifth Corporal Orange Holister, May 2, 1864.

Sixth Corporal Jacob Weaver, May 2, 1864.

Seventh Corporal Benjamin F. Hyatt, May 2, 1864.

Eighth Corporal Charles Carey, May 2, 1864.

Musician William Coffing, May 2, 1864.

Musician Byram H. Osborn, May 2, 1864.

PRIVATES.

(date of enlistment May 2, 1864 for all privates)

Breckenridge, David,

Bishop, Daniel:.,

Bedell, Marshall,

Brown, Cassius,

Bishop, Allen J.,

Bedell, John E.,

Brokaw, William H.,

Beeney, Henry,

Brown, James,

Blair, Abraham,

Celley, Joshua,

Coil, Granderson,

Carson, James C.,

Cochran, John S.,

Cochran, Alexander,

Carr, John L.,

Doty, Marshall,

Duston, John,

342 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

(date of enlistment May 2, 1864 for all privates)

Deal, Roland,

Frazier, Samuel R.,

Fletcher, Christopher,

Fix, George W.,

Fowler, Harrison,

Gifford, Amasa,

Hixenbaugh, James A.,

Higbee, John L.,

Hollister, Allen,

Hill, Aaron,

Hix, Mardenbro.

Higgins, John D.,

Hulien, Charles,

Hyatt, Philip H.,

Hyatt, Morris,

Hyatt, Washington,

Hildreth, Judson,

Hixenbaugh, Adam,

Haggerty, William,

Hollister, Joseph A.,

Jeffers, Cassius,

Keller, Peter,

Kyle, James R.

Kelly, Michael

Lewis, Benjamin F.

Litzenburg, David,

Linaweaver, Corbin R.

Lewis, Wilson S.

Lauderbaugh, Charles.

Morris, M. H.

Milt, Henry C.

Miller, Jacob F.

Miller, Henry.

Nickerson, Charles T.

Phillips, Isaac H.,

Pinkerton, Benjamin F.

Robertson, John T.

Robertson, Charles E.

Strickler, George B.

Sturges, Alfred

Sturges, William B.

Spearman, John,

Scott, Samuel,

Smith, George L.

Tarr, Haman, P.

Updike, Enos

Weaver, John,

White, St. Clair

White, John W.

COMPANY B.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry Larimore, May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant William Kinsey, May 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant Josiah S. Wolfe, May 2, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant George F. Beardsley, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Charles G. Smith, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Lewis Mitchell, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Frank C. Larimore, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Francis G. Speelman, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Marion F. Miller, May 2, 1864.

Corporal George Moreland, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Lewis D. Cumston, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Stephen Crego, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Samuel Colmary, May 2, 1864.

Corporal James Rimer, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Wesley McDowell, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Hays, May 2, 1864.

PRIVATES.

(date of enlistment, May 2, 1864 of all priviates)

Anderson, George,

Ake, Silas P.

Balcome, Blonzo,

Barrack, Robert G.

Barnes, Alvin A.

Burgoon, David J.

Broiler, Levi

Broiler, James F.

Baker, Charles H.

Bottomfield, John S.

Chamel, Henry

Corral, Julius

Crego, Monroe

Camp, Hanson

Cristman, Bertley

Disney, Dorson A.

Dudin, Charles W.

Denty, John W.

Drum, Wesley E.

Davis, James

Elder, Franklin F.

Evans, Lewis

Evans, Wesley J.,

Evans, Job

Francis. George S.

Francis, Orrin

Huffman, Carr

Hatfield, Irwin

Hawkins, Daniel

Harrison, Amzi

Hesket, Irwin

Jagger, Silas

Jacobs, John W.

Koons, Collins W.

Long, John R.

Lake, Harrison E.

Lambert, Reuben,

Lemmer, Peter

Myers, David

Morey, Corwin

McManis, Isaiah

More. Allen

McKinney, William C.,

Nash, Cornelius

Nieble, George

Nieble, William

Patterson, Harrison E.

Poland, Charles, O.

Poland, Freelin Q.

Patrick, David S.

Runnels, Stephen

Rutherford, David

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 343

(date of enlistment May 2, 1864 all privates)

Speelman, David H.

Speelman, John W.

Smith, Oscar E.

Stoughton, Lemon

Stubs, Adam

Stout, Jacob,

Shaffer, Levi

Shaffer, John W.

Sutton, Thomas

Tegarden, David

Trotter, George P.

Trotter, Archibald

Thrall, Lewis

Williams, Henry

Williams, David H.

Wilson, James E.

COMPANY C

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Henry C. Harris, May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant Lucien B. Curtis, May 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant, Mills Harrod, May 2, 1864.

NON-COMMISSION ED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Ira Boyle, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant George W. Davis, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant John Graham, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Isaac Vance, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Charles B. Gates, N, May 2, 1864.

Color Sergeant Edwin S. Miller, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Aaron Boyle, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Henry J. Glaze, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Stephens Stinger, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Levi Winger, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Minor, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Dany Miller, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Mathew P. Smith, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John B. Oldaker, May 2, 1864.

Musician Isaac C. Everett, May 2, 1864.

PRIVATES.

(date of enlistment, May 2, 1864 of all privates)

Alexander, Joseph H.

Alexander, Albert

Babbs, John W.

Babbs, Thomas

Buxton, Francis A.

Buxton, Thomas

Baughman, Chris.

Beach, William A.

Babbs, Isaac V.

Boyles, James S.

Boyle, Joseph M.

Bebout, William

Conway, Charles A.

Crawford, James

Cake, Howard

Daily, George C.

Daily, Daniel

Evans, George E.

Edmonson, Charles

Fonis, John

Fonls, James

Fry, Jacob

Frey, James R.

Gates, Lyman W.

Graham, Robert F.

Grove, David

Glenn, Thomas

Graves, William

Hodges, Henry

Hall, Luther S.

Hunter, William A.

Hyatt, William

Hobbs, Samuel M.

Hobbs, John W.

Herford, Crawford

Jones, Greenburg

Lockwood, William M.

Lockwood, Ira L.

Lincoln, William H.

Miller, Harrison

Murphy, Albin W.

Morey, William

Montis, William H.

Neal, George

Porter, Solomon

Quintard, Cyrus B.

Robinson, Allen

Robinson, George

Row, Daniel

Seamons, Henry C.

Smith, Robert H.

Smith, Wilford

Smith, Harvey J.

Steinmates, Upton

Steinmates, Jacob

Steinmates, Benjamin

Steinmates, John

Shafer, Laman

Shanks, John

Tracey, James M.

Vernon, John

Winn, John M.

Weaver, David H.

Worman, Alfred

Webster, Glesner J.

COMPANY F.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain A. B. Cummings, May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant W. H. H. Miller, May 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant Ira Pealer, May 2, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sargeant Thomas H. Waltz, May 2, 1864.

Sargeant Harmon Lybarger, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant William B. Dowds, May 2, 1864,

Sergeant John McElroy, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Jacob Nips, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Carter, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Gilbert, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Richard Lybarger, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Alexander Gordon, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Alonzo Robinson, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Worley, May 2, 1864.

344 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Corporal John Rummel, May 2, 1864

Musician Smith Buchannan, May 2, 1864.

Musician Harvey Matheny, May 2, 1864.

PRIVATES.

(date of enlistment, May 2, 1864 all privates)

Barker, George

Barron, Randolph

Bevington, Levi

Black, William

Barker, Lyman

Ball, George M. D.

Clark, Amos

Condit, Winfield S.

Clemment, Benjamin

Clark, Allen D.

Craig, Clark N.

DeWitt, John F.

Dazninde, John A.

Dermody, John

Day, Jehiel F.

Elliott, William

Fletcher, Henry

Greer, Thomas E.

Goodale, Joseph

Heston, Nathan

Heston, John

Hagaman, John

Hunt, Philip

Hess, Joseph

Hersh, Levi

Hayes, Daniel

Lobach, Henry

Long, William

Montis, Solomon

McElroy, James

McCune, Robert

Miller, H. Wright

Miller, Abel C.

Mast, William H.

Mayors, Lyman

Minard, Thomas G.

Marsh, Eber P.

Nichols, Jonas

Neal, Joseph

Onry, Silas

O'Brian, William E.

Pealor, Mahlon

Phillips, Joshua

Reed, James H.

Rogers, William A.

Rummels, James

Reed, Samuel

Shetler, Jacob

Sharp, Wesley

Stonebrook, Mathias

Stout, John

Serrels, Thomas

Shetler, William

Scott, Thomas E.

Shepard, Jeremiah

Thompson, Samuel

Tilton, Asbury

Tilton, Daniel W.

Vernon, James F.

Whitney, Girdon

Weirick, James L.

Waltz, Elias L.

Wolfe, William

Yarnell, John W.

COMPANY H.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Josiah M. Cochran, May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant Alfred R. McIntyre, May 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant Columbus D. Hyler, May 2, 1864.

NOT-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant James F. Greenley, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Artemus C. Rowley, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Chauncey P. Hill, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Mathew Boner, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Harvey Devoe, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Joshua Durbin, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Abram Stephens, May 2, 1864.

Corporal David P. Willitts, May 2, 1864.

Corporal James E. Ewers, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Alexander Syliman, May 2, 1864.

Corporal James C. McGrew, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John T. Cornell, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Leander Caywood, May 2, 1864.

PRIVATES.

(date of enlistment, May 2, 1864 of all privates)

Buckwalter, Jehiel,

Blackburn, Moses

Bricker, William,

Blackburn, Robert B.,

Brown, John,

Breece, Edson J.,

Baxter, Porter,

Condon, George W.,

Condon, Jesse W.,

Caywood, Sylvester,

Chancy, James B.,

Case, Lew,

Condon, David,

Condon, William H.,

Cullison, James,

Douglas, Abram L.,

Dennis, Aaron,

Dehaven, Oliver F.,

Detwile, George W.,

Durbin, Samuel,

Duncan, James,

Elliott, Edwin,

Estile. Edwin H.,

Edwards, Charles W.,

Ebersole, John,

Foote, Henry R.,

Foote, Wilber,

Fidler, Daniel,

Giffin Wllliam C.,

Gordon, Irvin,

Gibson, Gideon,

Gibson, Albert

Gilbert, Samuel,

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 345

(date of enlistment May 2, 1864.

Hollabaugh, John F.,

Hall, Philip C., Ireland, Lewis,

Haines, Burges,

Jackson, John,

Knight, Fred. W.,

Ladd, Henry H. M.,

Marple, Hiram B.,

Murphy, James F.,

Mervin, John,

Nepton, William F.,

Palmer, George W.,

Rush, Frank L.,

Rush, John A.,

Rowley, James H.,

Roberts, T. Burr.

Reed, Marshal,

Ransom, Oscar,

Sockman, William,

Strong, Heman, W.,

Strong, Clayton,

Strong, Winfield

Steel, Israel,

Walker, James M.,

Weaver, B. Franklin,

Wymer, Michael,

Wilson, William,

Wilson, John

Winters, Gearge,

Wyants, Augustus,

Vernon, Daniel L

Vale, Milton W.,

Zolman, William

Bigbee, Royal,

Owens, Leander,

Whitney, Seymour

COMPANY I

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain W. O. Daniels. date of enlistment May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant Carey Bell "

Second Lieutenant David Mercer, "

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant William H. Hanna, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Walden Clutter, "

Sergeant John R. Wilson, "

Sergeant Alexander J. Robinson, "

Sergeant Harrison V. Conway, "

Corporal David Bowman, "

Corporal David Lims, "

Corporal Thomas Floyd, "

Corporal Samuel Pratt, "

Corporal Charles E. Barnes, "

Corporal John S. Boyd, "

Corporal Charles Pierson, "

Corporal Edward W. Bell, "

PRIVATES.

(Enlistment date May 2, 1864 of all Privates)

Bennett, Henry,

Bebout, William,

Bentz, Jacob,

Crafts, Benjamin,

Cline, John,

Cline, David,.

Chandler, David,

Carpenter, John,

Curtis, James W.

Christman, Isaac

Dawson, Tames R.,

Dillen, Francis,

Dadley, John W.,

Fowls, William,

Green, Franklin, "

Green, Henry, "

Guy, Henry C "

Henry, William, "

Henry, Daniel B., "

Herrington, Leonard, "

Herrington, William, "

Henston, Robert,

Henston, David,

Hollabaugh, Samuel,

Hardman, Philander,

Houck, Thomas H.,

Jennings, Jesse H.,

Jones, George W.

Kerr, Alexander S.,

Kerr, John,

Keys, Charles

Lewis, John,

Larne, Henry

McCemment, William,

Murphy, Oliver F.,

McMillen, Daniel

Murphy, Lewis M.

McWilliams, Charles,

Mahaffey, Milton

Meek, Stephen S.,

McKay, William,

Noffinger, William

Pumphrey, Josiah

Rumsey, Olloff D.

Russell. William H.

Russell, James,

Reese, Austin,

Spry, John W..

Shales, Elah H.

Sims, John,

Shaw, Robert A.,

Sims, William,

Smith, William

Simpson, Josiah J.,

Schooler, John

Trimble, William J.,

Thompson. Samuel,

Thornhill, Amstard H.

Thornhill, William

Van Voorhis, Townsend

Welch, Edward,

Welch, Robert M.,

Walker, Alexander T.,

Wright, William

Wright, Phineas

Wilson, William

Wright, Amos.

346 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

COMPANY K.

COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

Captain Charles S. Pyle, May 2, 1864.

First Lieutenant John Eichelberger, May 2, 1864.

Second Lieutenant William B. Brown, May 2, 1864.

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.

First Sergeant Erastus B. Cake, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant B. Twist, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Amos Roberts, May 2, 1864

Sergeant Perlee C. Breckenridge, May 2, 1864.

Sergeant Adam Adams, May 2, 1864.

Corporal George S. Bennett, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Campbell Errett, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Hildreth, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Arthur Adams, May 2, 1864.

Corporal John Magill, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Elias L. Cooper, May 2, 1864.

Corporal Robert N. George, May 2, 1864.

Corporal James L. Israel, May 2, 1864.

Fifer Mattison M. Israel, May 2, 1864.

PRIVATES.

(date of enlistment, May 2, 1864 of all Privates)

Byrd, Sharpless L.,.

Burr, T. Jesse,

Bostwick, William W.,

Baldwin, William F.,

Beard, Oliver,

Bope, Charles A.

Beam, John M.,

Beam, Isaac W.,

Blocher, De,

Crowell, Frederick S.,

Cooper, Charles G.,

Curtis, Henry L.,

Davidson, John P.,

Davis, John C.,

Evans, O. William,

Elliott, Samuel,

Fowler, C. Herbert,

Frederick, H. James,

Fowler, William,

Hickman, William W.

Harl, F. Charles,

Hadley, George,

Johnson, M. Richard

Jackson, Harvey,

Koons, Richard P.,

Kingston, Ezekiel,

Kirk, DeSault B.,

Lane, Philander C.,

Lane, James A

Lingerfield, Henry,

Leopold, Max

Miller, Phillip D.,

Martin, Joseph A.

Myers, John A

Maner, William,

Montis, Mahlon D

Mahaffey, William

McGrady, Dolph,

Metzger, Henry,

Pool, John

Pyle, B. Parker,

Phifer, James D.,

Reeve, John T.

Springer, Elias,

Stoke, Abraham

Sapp, Julius B.

Shaw, Noah P.

Stoile, James,

Show, Alden, jr.

Sapp, Solomon C

Stone, C. Daniel

Scribner, John J.

Stadden, George W.

Tress, William F.

Taylor, Marcus H.

Thomas, Levi W.

Vance, Walter L.

Wells, William

Wade, William W.

Ward, Elonzo H.,

Watkins, Thomas P

White, Calvin,

Warden, Samuel P

Wright, Edwin,

Well, Joseph,

Williamson, Henry E

SQUIRREL HUNTERS.

It may not be well to close this chapter without a mention of the highly honorable and patriotic service rendered by a large number of the citizens of Knox county in 1862, in the capacity of "Squirrel Hunters."

Early in September of that year the rebel General Kirby Smith threatened Cincinnati with a strong force. The whole State was kept in a feverish state of excitement several days with the prospect of having a rebel army on this side of the Ohio. The telegraph wires called the citizens to arms and about one hundred thousand "Squirrel Hunters" turned out to repel the invaders. Knox county furnished about one hundred men for this service.

There were two calls for "Squirrel Hunters." The first of these was September 4, 1862, when a company of eighty men was immediately dispatched from Mt. Vernon, armed with squirrel rifles, shotguns, etc., without organization or discipline. The following extract from a letter written by one of these men at the time discloses the condition of affairs

Our company, some eighty strong, which had been christened the "Copperhead Killers," left Mt. Vernon on Tuesday at 11 A. M. Midnight found us tramping through the streets of the

HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY. - 347

Queen City engaged in hunting supper and quarters for half a night.

We were taken to the Fifth street market house where the animals were regaled with bread and ham; thence we were marched to our present camping grounds, being the fourth story of a five story In ":ding, where we passed the remaining two hours of night in fitful slumbers on the floor.

This morning we were aroused and after a hasty organization by electing Cal. captain, and Mit. and Ball. lieutenants, we proceeded to the quarters of Colonel McDowell and tendered our services for six days.

We learn that Kirby Smith is failing back, having no doubt learned through his spies and scouts that our company had left Owl creek and were approaching Cincinnati. The citizens seem to think since our arrival that the city is safe. Citizen soldiers have been pouring into the city for the last four days at the rate of several thousand per day, armed with rifles, smooth-bores, pumpkin slingers, slug shooters, shot-guns, etc. The streets are packed with squads, companies and regiments marching and countermarching all the day and night long. All are drilling, drilling, drilling, drilling. Kirby Smith must be tickled at the thought of what a muss he has kicked up here and what a panic-maker he is.

It is said that thirty-five thousand of our troops have crossed the river to Covington, and still they come. We expect to return to our homes and firesides about Tuesday next when we shall rest from our labors. If you have any drums or firecrackers left you might call a meeting and welcome us home from the wars.

The citizen soldiers had scarcely returned to their homes when Kirby Smith concluded to recall them by again threatening Cincinnati. On the eleventh of September the following dispatch was received by C. H. Scribner, secretary of the Knox county Military committee. It was from Newark:

"Send out runners for rifles and men for Cincinnati, to leave at 11 A. M. tomorrow. Rebels have again made their appearance."

The Military committee immediately issued another call for "Squirrel Hunters," and with it the following instructions:

Each man who goes should be provided with a gun and plenty of ammunition suited to it. It would be well also to tape a blanket, tin cup, and two or three days' provisions. Those who have guns and cannot go are requested to bring or send them n together with their bullet moulds.

Their services were not, however, needed and they were recalled before they were fairly on the way. Governor Tod subsequently caused lithographic discharges to be issued and sent to each of these "Squirrel Hunters."

As all things must have an end, so the end of the great war came to fill the land with rejoicings. Mount Vernon, in common with the rest of the country, went wild on that fair April day when the wires carried the news that the "Silent Man" had received the surrender of Lee's great army. A copy of the dispatch was taken to the high school and read to the pupils by Mr. Mitchell; the school was dismissed for the day and the scholars rushed into the street, and added their glad shouts and songs to the rejoicings of the multitude that thronged the streets. All business was suspended, and the people gave themselves up to rejoicings. Bands paraded the streets; cannons were fired; flags and streamers were flung to the breeze; every building was decorated; men of all parties, colors, and conditions met on an equality, shook hands, and congratulated each other; the name of Grant was on every lip, and people stood before his picture, exhibited in every window, with hearts too full for utterance. In the evening there were music, bonfires, illuminations, and speeches by Mr. Delano and others.

A few days later came the news of the assassination of the President, and Mount Vernon became a city of mourning. Those were days in which every moment was weighted with some mighty event, each of which would require a volume to, faithfully portray.

Knox county may well be proud of her part in the great Rebellion. Her sons sleep on almost every battlefield of the South, and by every prisonpen. Many of them are resting in the beautiful cemetery in the suburbs of Mount Vernon, where they are remembered each succeeding year when the flowers are in bloom; and as the years go by they are still dropping one by one into the grave from the seeds of disease engendered in these years of strife and blood. They are not forgotten; the tears of the living cannot wash out the deeds of these heroes; an undivided, free, happy country is their monument; a people freed and a land purified by their blood, and a government established on a solid foundation for all time is the inheritance they have left behind.

"Cover them over with beautiful flowers,

Deck them with garlands, those brothers of ours;

Lying so silent by night and by day,

Sleeping the years of their manhood away;

Years they had marked for the joys of the brave;

Years they must waste in the sloth of the grave.

All the bright laurels they fought to make bloom,

Fell to the earth when they went to the tomb.

348 - HISTORY OF KNOX COUNTY.

Give them the meed they have won in the past;

Give them the honors their merits forecast;

Give them the chaulets they won in the strife.

Give them the laurels they lost with their life.

Cover them over-yes, cover them over

Parent, and husband, and brother, and lover;

Crown in your heart these dead heroes of ours,

And cover them over with beautiful flowers."