Logan County, Ohio History

HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 251

CHAPTER IV.

THE MEDICAL PROFESSION * -THE LEGAL PROFESSION .t

THE practice of medicine in Logan County in the times of its early settlement was attended with many hardships and difficulties, now happily unknown. The inhabitants were, for the most part, poor, and lived in primitive log-cabins, usually at considerable distances apart. The "openings" were connected by had roads, and not infrequently by mere paths or trails. Through these the doctor could pass only on horseback, encountering huge logs and deep swails and the transverse branches of overhanging trees, which last, especially in the night time, were no trifling element of danger. The physician who was ready to engage in his professional duties under such circumstances was necessarily a man of pluck and energy, and such men, especially in the earliest and most arduous times of trial, were by no means overabundant.

There was much of sickness and suffering amongst the people, and the doctor, who was ready and willing to attend promptly and cheerfully to the calls of the sick, was, with good reason, a very popular personage. There was nothing in the way of sickness which, in the opinion of many of the early pioneers, it was impossible for the man of medicine to conquer. It is true that men and women and children died, but then the doctor was called "too late," or some sinister accident, something foul and uncommon on the part of the malady, hail deprived the doctor of fair play and shorn him of his victory. The fabulous conflict between St. George of Cappadocia and the dragon, was mere child's play compared

* Contributed by Dr. T. L. Wright.

t Contributed by --

with the fierce, unyielding battle which the ancient doctor maintained with the fell maladies of those olden times. Indeed, more than once, I have heard good people, whose cheeks were smitten with wrinkles and hair with frost, relate how the doctor and the disease went at it, as it were, "nip-and-tuck;" how the doctor, with his armament of calomel and jalap, would assault the monster; and then how the malady, returning, like the wings of an army, would, in the shape of a "relapse," or the "janders," or a "sinking chill," singly or together, renew the battle; and, finally, how the doctor, with his lancet, and his Misters, and his senna and salts, would put the strongest malady to ignominious flight, or crush and grind him to powder. Such were the stories recounted, with glowing cheeks and sparkling eyes, in honor of the deeds of the doctor in those old Saturnian days.

Much ,of the time, he those days, the roads were extremely muddy. The doctor, for such emergency, always had "leggins." They were frequently composed of three-quarters of a card of green baize, rolled round the leg, and reaching from the sole of the boot to four or five inches above the knee. They were tied on by wrapping the leg below the knee three or four times round with a kind of elastic woolen tape, of sufficient length, and about three-quarters of an inch broad, and fastened with a bow-knot. Divers and sundry pins made all secure. These articles of the professional toilet were often saturated with rnud and water, while the horse and his rider were also plentifully bespattered from head to foot with the same material.

It was a; very important point he those days

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for the physician to own a speedy and reliable horse. In fact it was a great blemish upon the professional escutcheon of any one, not to be in possession of a good horse, for there ', were serious misgivings in the absence of equine speed, let the attainments of the man of science be ever so good in the abstract. To this day, old pioneers in this county will tell of this, or that doctor's " big sorrel pacer," or " blaze - faced mare," which made such marvelously quick trips, "nigh onto forty years ago." The doctor in those royal days of long ago, used to carry his medical equipments (all, save his trusty lancet, which he kept in his vest pocket,) in a pair of rather cumbersome saddle-bags. These were well stuffed with senna, and snake root, chamomile flowers, calomel, jalap, rhubarb, and spigelia, for the little ones with worms. How the doctor, riding as he did, in John Gilpin style, ever managed to reach his patients all in one piece, that is, without himself and his saddle-bags and horse, coming in separate and distinct parcels, is to this day a mystery and a marvel. Probably the feat was achieved partly from an adroitness acquired by habit, and partly from some special miraculous providential dispensation, which certainly sometimes seemed to be displayed in the doctor's behalf; notably, in bringing his patients out right side up, in certain cases, where recovery upon any other hypothesis is inexplicable.

These were great times for the use of the lancet. Everybody wanted to be bled, in the spring time, especially, and it was no uncommon occurrence for a person to call at the doctor's office and ask to be bled. There was usually nothing the matter in reality, the party only claimed that he was used to being bled in the spring, and it did him good. it was common for certain persons to keep lancets, and in the absence of a doctor, bleed such people in the neighborhood as would call upon them for that service.

The hardships of the early physicians of this county were much enhanced by the foolish panics that would seize the friends of the sick, in tire night time. No case of any importance occurred that the physician was not called upon for night service, from one to half a dozen times before he was through with it; and the truth is, that not one in ten of such calls were necessary. In consequence of this folly, the physician would sometimes become completely exhausted, and be compelled to hide under some friendly roof to procure greatly needed sleep. This habit of calling upon the physician at night was a sore tax upon his strength and constitution. The coldest blasts of winter, with roads frozen and terribly rough, brought no respite. He was expected to go, for if a patient "took worse" in the night, there was presumed to be the greatest danger.

The diseases of those times were serious. Malarial troubles were always present; sometimes alone, but sure, also, to complicate any other ailment that could afflict the frame of humanity. Inflammation, such as pleurisy and pneumonia, were much more prevalent, in proportion to the population, than at present. They were also of a more exalted and, so to speak, furious type• than is now generally the case. The manner of living at drat time had, no doubt, much to do with this. But it is by no means certain that periodic, magnetic and solar influences-which it is now known have great effect upon the reigning types of disease, at periods of time remote from each other-might also have had some power in determining the positive and aggressive character of the inflammatory diseases of the period now under consideration. At all events, the treatment was of the most " heroic'' kind. Bleeding was universally practiced, not only in inflammatory diseases, but in certain fevers, which were truly of a frightfully active grade- "inflammatory fevers," with a

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tendency to some local disaster. It is certain that the practice was not followed with the dangers and disasters that would now be entailed by a similar mode of procedure. On the contrary, it is probable that at the time and under the circumstances the treatment by depletion-by bleeding and blistering, and diaphoreties and diuretics, to say nothing of emetics and purgatives-was the proper one, and altogether the best. Let the cycle of fifty-nine or sixty years of astronomical relationship between the conjunction of the planets Saturn and Jupiter be completed, and then see what the type of diseases connected with the corresponding magnetic disturbances will be, before assuming too positively that the same practice may not become again a necessity!

In the olden time, when a messenger arrived in hot haste after the physician, it was always possible, before two words were spoken, to know when some expectant mother was in trouble. No man can truly describe the why and wherefore, but the experienced physician always knew, almost at once, when that difficulty had to be met; so he hurried, in good sooth. The blazing log-fire, the only light in the cabin sometimes, shining upon the white-ash puncheons, with cracks an inch or more apart, and half a dozen of the nearest female neighbors and gossips, made up the main features of the scene. At length, suffice it to say, a new, trembling life has been added to the innumerable throng which journeys always towards the undiscovered country. Something to live for, something to love, has been added to the household; and the dark clouds of selfishness and hate, which are wont, too often, to cast their shadows upon the human heart, have been put to flight, at least for the time, by the sheer presence of innocence and helplessness.

And now all is bustle. The jellies, and the jams, and the preserves, carefully laid by for this auspicious moment, by the careful forethought of the mother, are now displayed in prodigal profusion. And chickens, and ham, and eggs, and all the substantials and luxuries that have been provided by care and prudence, and self-denial, are lavishly set forth. The doctor is the great man of the occasion; no grand potentate was ever more devotedly served, or had half so safely the hearts of all around him. He is asked with a display of reckless extravagance, and an air suggestive of tons of sugar within easy reach, if he will "take sweet'nin" in his coffee? And after all is aver, he goes home a happier, and perhaps a better, if not a richer man.

One of the earliest and most distressing maladies that made its appearance in considerable portions of Logan County was known as the "Trembles," or "Milk Sickness," or, more emphatically, the " Sick Stomach," This was a malady almost unknown to the Faculty, and was not as yet described in works on medical practice. Dr. Drake declares it was known in North Carolina one hundred years ago. Since the early part of the present century, there have appeared in the medical periodicals a number of contributions upon the disease in question. And yet there is much that is uncertain and in dispute concerning it. It is known to have appeared in North Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Its appearance in these States has been confined to narrow and clearly defined localities. The horse, mule, cow, clog, goat, sheep, hog and buzzard have been known to take the disease. In some of these animals, as the dog and buzzard, the malady was doubtless contracted by eating of the flesh of cattle that had died of the " Trembles." Calves would often have the disease, and even die with it, while the mother did not seem greatly affected. The human being probably always became the victim of the poison by partaking of the flesh, or milk, or butter, or

254 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

cheese, derived from animals infected with it.

It was not always possible to say from simple inspection whether an animal was suffering from the "Trembles" or not. The poison not infrequently would remain latent or dormant, not only in the lower animals, but in man also, for a considerable period of time. Some sudden, exciting cause in such cases would in fallibly develop the active symptoms. If an animal was really infected with the poison, a little rapid driving; would bring on the trembling; and, indeed, the beast would sometimes drop and die during the experiment. Butchers always drove suspected cattle furiously for a short time, in order to determine whether the disease was lurking in them or not. If there was no trembling as the result, the creature was considered safe for beef; but if the exercise brought on that symptom, the meat would always prove to be poisonous. There was a test common amongst the people through which they determined whether the milk of a cow was poisonous or not. They would pour vinegar into a small vessel containing some of the suspected milk. If the milk curdled in mixing with the vinegar, it was esteemed to be sound; but if it remained fluid, it was poisoned. Another test was by scalding : if the milk retained its liquid form when boiled, it was good, but if it thickened up and coagulated under the influence of heat, it was rejected as diseased. These facts are given merely as part of the history of the disease, without vouching for their value of trustworthiness. Post-mortem appearance; showed, in the lower animals, a changed and softened state of the inner lining of the paunch and bowels. The lining membrane was some times nearly destroyed and gone, or of a. very dark and mortified appearance. In man, such appearances were sometimes present; but often the bowels were greatly contracted and dry internally, and the small bowels drawn together so as to look almost like a cord. All the ordinary secretions were greatly reduced in quantity.

The cause of this disease has never been determined with entire satisfaction. It is true that very few observers fail to form a very decided opinion on this point, but the trouble is that no two of them are of the same opinion. It has been attributed to the effects of blasted grain, or ergot. Dr. Lord, and others, think it is derived from water; others believe that it is derived from a certain agency in the sail-it may be aqueous, gaseous er vaporous, which is dissipated or destroyed by cultivation. According to others, it is derived from various weeds, or shrubs, or vines growing over old logs, etc. Some try to reconcile the various opinions on this subject by suggesting that the real went is a microscopic germ or sporule that might infest at times either of these different substances and thence become transferred into the circulation of the animal. A great difficulty in satisfactorily determining the cause of the trouble lies in the fact of its strict confinement within certain clearly recognized limits. Cows giving milk are less apt to die, or even show the symptoms of the disease, than dry cattle. In man, the attacks are of variable degrees of violence, commensurate, no doubt, with the amount of poison received. But in severe cases, after a brief period of weakness and depression, the patients begin to vomit, and the retching and vomiting continue unceasingly. There is no bile thrown out, the secretions being universally suppressed. There is insatiable thirst, and generally constipation.

There is a peculiar odor emitted by one affected with the " sick stomach," which has been compared to the smell of a rattlesnake. At all events, it is always present, and is at once recognized, both by physicians and attendants.

There is great diversity of opinion respecting the best plan of treatment. Some salivate with calomel, and employ also blisters

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to the pit of the stomach and extremities; others depend upon whisky and blisters; j others employ strychnia and belladonna, and some, again, depend upon large and repeated doses of ordinary purgative medicines. As many as "from fifty to seventy doses in twice as many hours," of full measure of purgative medicine, has been recommended.

There is no doubt that the symptoms, including the constipation in this disease, are I the direct result of the poison depressing the nerve power, both central and sympathetic. The indication of cure is not the relief of some isolated symptom, but it is the removal of the poison; and, in order to effect this, the using of such auxiliary means as will restore the strength, so that time may be afforded to accomplish the elimination of the morbid agent from the body is proper. The use of mere physics, as such, is not the most logical procedure, fur the constipation is not the cause of the disease-it is merely one of its effects.

It will be remembered that the cow giving milk does not die. The large flow of milk eliminates the poison soon after it is received. The milk contains the product of the elimination, and the calf dies ; and persons also who partake of this milk, or of the butter or cheese made from it, become poisoned.

A person well acquainted with these facts informs me that he never knew a milch cow die of this disease but once. A family having contracted "sick stomach" from the milk of this cow, she was abandoned, and her milk no longer taken from her. The elimination of the poison ceased, and she died. In the human patient, what is wanted to procure relief is the elimination of the poison. It will be remembered that all the secretions are greatly diminished in milk sickness. Various and apparently distinct as the more successful plans of treatment seem to be, the fact is that they operate in a common way in this one particular, namely, in promoting the elimination of the morbid matter.

It remains only to say, in connection with this subject, that milk sickness has now nearly disappeared from the limits of Logan County. The increase of population and the universal cultivation of the soil has banished it, and left it, to a large degree, only a horrid remembrance.

About the year 1839, a change in the type of prevailing diseases began to take place. This fact was not really recognized at that time, but the light of subsequent medical events leaves no doubt of it. Typhoid symptoms began to appear. It is not true that the typhoid type was suddenly established. Many were still affected with the higher or inflammatory grades of disease, and they were treated accordingly, with success. But more and more that kind of treatment was found to fail, and in fact to prove injurious, until, in a few years, the- universal tendency to a typhoid state of the constitution was clearly perceived.. Blood-letting, especially, went entirely out of practice; and the waiting and sustaining plan of treatment was adopted. The human constitution, so far as Logan County is concerned, is yet in a condition of depression, although not nearly so much so as fifteen or twenty years ago.

About the year 1843 there prevailed throughout this region a disease which was then universal throughout the United States, and common in other continents. It was a general malady disseminated by atmospheric influences alone, and profoundly affecting the whole system, although its more prominent symptoms were connected with the mucous membranes. This was the influenza, called by the French La Grippe. It was called in this country, by the. people generally, the "Tyler grip." Its most prominent symptoms were sore and tearful eyes, copiously discharging nostrils, pain in the forehead and over the

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eyes, sneezing and soreness of the lungs and throat, and cough. Sometimes diarrhoea prevailed to a large extent. There was a remarkable depression o#' the strength, and this symptom was sometimes so pronounced as to cause the death of aged or weakly persons. Patients with weak lungs would often recover very slowly, or would eventually die by the super added weight of the influenza. Ordinarily, the worst. symptoms would abate in three or four days, but the full recovery of the strength was a work of considerable time.

In the year 1851 the cholera broke out in Bellefontaine. It made some slight appearance before that time, as well as afterwards. But that was the only time of great mortality and danger from the scourge. The disease had been prevailing in Sandusky City, and a young man had come thence to his home in Bellefontaine. He came on a certain day, and, although apparently well, he was dead on the next day. He died of cholera. His brother, at whose house he was, also died in a day or two; also another relative, who was. making a box to receive the remains of a cholera patient, died, and was encased in the box made by himself. 'Altogether, there were a dozen n or fourteen deaths within a brief space of time. A poor woman, who washed some of the clothing soiled by these patients, died, together with her husband, from the same disease.

It was curious to see how great a solicitude sprang at once among the inhabitants of the town for the welfare of their relations who dwelt at a distance. Fearful that sickness and disaster might reach them in their distant homes, many of the sympathetic citizens straightway betook themselves thither to help them, and nurse them should they, perchance, become sick. Even some of the physicians had such conscientious calls, and obeyed them. Not of one would entertain the proposition for a moment that he was scared and ran away from the cholera.

We owe the following facts to the kindness of Dr. S. W. Fuller, respecting the history of the diseases afflicting the lower portion of Logan County. Dr. Fuller is an observer of superior qualifications and is a trustworthy reporter. The time represented is between the years 1838 and 1854.

Marsh malarial fevers were endemic almost every year. Some serious, however, they prevailed more severely than others, prostrating almost whole neighborhoods. Now, happily, owing to the clearing up of the country, drainage of surface waters and drying up of stagnant ponds, they have greatly abated, and no longer appear in an endemic form. Quinine has lost its relative importance in the family, being at one time almost as much of a staple as $our.

Measles and whooping-cough were epidemic in this period, and during a portion of their stay they assumed a severe type, and were attended with considerable fatality. Scarlet fever also prevailed to a considerable extent, but scarcely attained to the proportions of an epidemic.

Perhaps the most remarkable of these prevailing diseases which raged during this period was that of small-pox. It broke out May 8, 1842, and continued to prevail until late in the July following. The population of the village of West Liberty would not exceed 500, and the number of cases, including all varieties, from the measle-like rash of the mildest form of varioloid to the malignant confluent form, was nearly 150, the greater number of which were in town. Some idea may thus be formed of the seriousness of the outbreak and the distress that prevailed.

The question will naturally arise in the mind, how so many cases should occur before the disease could be arrested? In order to satisfy this inquiry, it will be necessary to

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enter a little into detail in regard to the origin of the epidemic. It was evidently imported from the State of Delaware into the vicinity of the town by a man named Vickass. He had been visiting in the town of Seaford, in that State, and upon investigation it was afterwards learned that small-pox was rife there during his visit. In twelve or fourteen days after his return to his home, some three miles north of the village, small-pox appeared in his family. Dr. Marquis Wood attended upon the family, and the disease being of a mild type, he was in doubt as to its nature. One of the oldest practitioners of the county was called :n, and he decided that it was chicken pox. It so happened that a young lady whose mother resided in town was visiting the Vickass family. She returned home and immediately entered the village school, in which were twenty or more children who were not protected by vaccination. She became ill in school of variolous fever. She then abandoned the school, but her illness was so slight and the eruption so trifling that no physician was called to see her; consequently, two weeks of precious time was lost in which to prepare for the enemy's onslaught. The means to combat the onset were not readily obtained, before the days of railroads and telegraphs. At the end of this time it is believed that every child in the school that was not protected by vaccination, took the disease, thus showing the fallaciousness of the opinion of Sir J. Y. Simpson, who held that small-pox was not contagious during the primary fever.

It was on Friday or Saturday that many persons, more particularly children, were taken sick, and on the following Sabbath I felt called upon to announce that the disease was small-pox. At this time a quarterly meeting of the Methodist Episcopal Church was in progress, and, at that early day, the more ardent members came from distant parts of the surrounding country to attend these meeting . The report flew through the village that "small-pox " was in town. "Then there was hurrying to and fro," and "mounting in hot haste," and a sudden evacuation of the place by all the visitors, and the citizens were left to muse upon the dire calamity that had befallen them. Some persons were so uncharitable as to say that a knowledge of the disease had been with holden, in order to break up the meeting; but the charge was more ludicrous than vexatious. Of course, there was a panic amongst the people, and for days the pavement in front of our office was lined with men, who, as the £ear gradually wore off, or as duty demanded their presence in other places, slowly disappeared, and we were no longer encumbered by them. All business with the outside world was suspended and the town isolated ; and, although situated on the main thoroughfare from Cincinnati to the lakes, travel passed around, with the exception of an occasional traveler who found himself in the infected town. But he stopped not upon the order of his going, but went as fast as his horse could carry him; with hand-kerchief over nostrils and mouth. All had the fashion of filtering the infected atmosphere through the handkerchief. The commerce of the town now consisted largely in the sale and purchase of rice, molasses and Epsom salts, of which, fortunately, there was a liberal supply. To these articles the inhabitants seemed almost instinctively to be in dined. It was fortunate for them that they did, for, as we had not the means to protect them by vaccination, this was the best resource left; and no doubt the diet of rice and molasses, with the free use of Epsom salts, saved a number of lives. One man, to test the virtue of the latter, took a quarter of a pound for one dose. He retired to the hills above the village, but he °° still lives." man of some note in his day, H. M.

258 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

White, who kept the principal hotel and stage office, being a believer in small-pox, inoculated his family and dependants with that disease. This is always supposed to render it mild, but, in our observations, we found there was but little difference in the severity of the disease between the inoculated and those who had acquired the malady in the natural manner, but who were under strict regimen, so that the latter is probably of more importance than the mode of introduction.

The contagion was so great that comparatively few persons escaped some form of the disease, unless protected by recent vaccination; even those who had small-pox in early life were not exempt, and a large part of those who had not been vaccinated for ten or more years had varioloid, while all recently vaccinated escaped. The number of deaths was not great. If my memory is not at fault, it did not exceed ten. These were mostly children, and of these, two died of convulsions before the eruption appeared. The eruption came out upon a dissipated man in immense blocks as large as a moderate sized fist. He lived thirty days. He died in the dead of night and was buried the same hour. Good opportunities were presented, during this epidemic, of observing effects of proper regimen and proper medication in influencing favorably the progress of the disease. When commenced in proper time, regimen rendered it always mild, and the same influences operated in the same manner upon the vaccine vesicle; causing the latter to be small, the avoila small and the inflammation of the arm trifling. The facts developed during this epidemic show that vaccination after the lapse of many years, especially if performed in quite early life, only partially protects against variola; and the same was true of those who had had the latter disease in early life. Another fact, perhaps observed also by others, was that vaccination may be successfully performed after exposure to the contagion of small-pox for five or six days. In one family, where several cases of the disease existed, vaccination was performed on the sixth day, and both diseases developed after the regular incubative period; the variola died out, while the vaccination pursued the regular course.

In May, 1850, dysentery made its appearance in the valley of King's Creek, southeast of West Liberty. It soon became intermixed with Asiatic cholera. The two diseases gradually crept up the valley and spread over the adjacent plains, so that by August the latter disease had arrived at that part of the valley where Tabor Ridge abruptly projects into the valley. Here, at the foot of this ridge, two or three persons were attacked by cholera. It then mounted the ride and, passing a half mile north, seized three children in one family, after which there was no more cholera and but little dysentery this season. During August, 1851, a fatal case of cholera occurred in the family of General A. S. Piatt. Judge B. M. Piatt also had a seizure, but recovered.

Dysentery prevailed during the cholera seasons of 1851, 1852, and 1853. In the former years it occupied the highlands bordering the Mackachack, and was very fatal, twelve deaths occurring within a small radius, and in a short time. Many cases were also seen on the. highlands north of town. The country west and north was this year free from dysentery, but the next year, 18W, it prevailed with great violence and fatality among children in the neighborhood northwest of town. The neat season it occupied the territory west and southwest, leaving the districts visited the former years; thus following very much the course of cholera, which seldom prevails two successive seasons, to any extent, in the same district. A few peculiarities were observed during these epidemics, not usually seen in dysentery. One was the frequent collapse which

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took place the second or third day after the seizure, and from which few recovered; another was, in a few cases, the sudden subsidence of the dysenteric symptoms, and the supervention of muscular rheumatism, mostly confined to the lower extremities. The sudden supervention of intense conjunctivitis was another peculiarity. When this took place it only gave partial relief to the dysentery. High rolling or table lands were the places it most affected, low land being mostly exempted.

Influenza prevailed as an epidemic during the months of July and August, 1843, a few cases appearing earlier in the season. It depended upon some peculiar, but unknown, atmospheric condition, and traveled with great celerity from east to west, and, like Asiatic cholera, made the circuit of the earth.

That severe and fatal disease, cerebro-spinal-meningitis, made its first appearance in the village of West Liberty about March 1, 1848. It had prevailed in the New England States thirty years anterior to this time. It is presumably the same disease which was then called typhus syncophalis. It continued to prevail in West Liberty for some two months, being confined to the town, with one exception, and, as the weather became warm, it disappeared about the 1st of May for that year. It again appeared in the hilly region in the winter of 1851, along the upper Mackachack Creek, and continued to prevail upon the highlands along that stream for ten or twelve weeks, but disappeared upon the approach of warm weather. The disease again broke out during the cold weather of December, 1852, on the highlands bordering on Mad River, directly north of town, and continued prevalent during the winter, but passing out of the neighborhood, after a few weeks, in a westerly direction, so that for a time the seat of its operations was northwest, then west, afterwards southwest. It did not disappear until the weather became warm, it being much more likely to prevail in cold than in warm temperatures. The writer has never seen more than two or three sporadic cases during the warm season.

While there was a large proportion of recoveries in those actively treated, there were many deaths, a few cases proving fatal in from seventeen to thirty hours. If the disease was not greatly relieved within five or six days, the prognosis was unfavorable, and death usually ensued sooner or later; in some instances not for several weeks. Those eases where the membranes of the cerebrum were chiefly implicated were more difficult to treat than those in which the spinal membranes were inflamed. Owing to reflex action, it sometimes simulated other diseases, in children particularly: spasmodic croup and malignant scarlatina; but generally there was no great difficulty in making a correct diagnosis. The disease almost invariably seized the young in age, ranging from one year to twenty-five, but middle-aged persons have died of it. In all severe cases the attacks were sudden and without premonition, and were ushered in by three prominent symptoms, to vvit: chill, vomiting and delirium the latter often boisterous-with intervals of quiet. It has not been the design to give anything like a complete clinical history of this disease, but merely to note briefly its history as it prevailed in this vicinity.

It now remains to notice specifically the names of those useful and philanthropic men who so often brought help, and confidence, and hope, where they were sorely needed. In the southern portion of the county, the first permanently established physician was Dr. Ordway, a sketch of whose life appears elsewhere in this volume.

Dr. S. W. Fuller came to West Liberty in 1838 and continued to practice there until 1855, when he removed to Bellefontaine. Dr.

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Fuller is also noticed more especially in another portion of this work.

Dr. I. C. Taylor settled in West Liberty in 1844. Dr. Taylor is a pioneer in this region in the domain of gynecology. Dr. D. B. Allen began the practice of medicine in Nest Liberty about the year 1848. He was a surgeon in the army during the civil war.

Dr. J. C. Ayers, now of Urbane, settled in West Liberty in 1853. In 1861, he accepted a place as Assistant Surgeon in the Thirty-fourth Regiment, O. V. I, and was promoted to the position of Surgeon. Dr. S. M. Jones studied medicine with Dr. Leonard in West Liberty. He graduated in 1866 in the Medical College of Ohio. His health failing, he retired. Dr. Benjamin B. Leonard was educated in the Medical College of Ohio; he graduated M. D. in 1853: Dr. Leonard was Surgeon of the Eighty-fourth O. V. I. during its term of service. He is noticed elsewhere in this book. Dr. Benjamin Leonard, Jr., graduated at. Ohio Medical College in 1880. He is located in West Liberty. W. T. Sharp, M. D., graduated at Starling Medical College, and located in Middleburg. Dr. W. Sharp graduated in the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1875. He is located in Middleburg. As early as 1811, Dr. John Elbert came to Middleburg. His son, Dr. John D. Elbert, practiced medicine there for some years. C. C. Stokes, M. D., graduated at the Cincinnati College of :medicine and Surgery in 1875. He is located in Middleburg. Dr. A. Fulton settled in Rushsylvania in 1838. John Wallace, M. D., graduated in Miami Medical College Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1877. He is located in Rushsylvania. William M. Goodlove, M. D., graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 1872. Dr. I. Doran is a leading physician of Rushsylvania. He practices the eclectic system.

Dr. S. M. Fisher graduated in 1861. He lives in Rushsylvania. Dr. Andrew Fulton settled in West Liberty in 1843. He moved to Kansas City in 1848, and died of cholera in 1850. In the northern portion of the county there have been a great many physicians. Dr. Solomon Jenkins came to Belle Centre in 1847. He died there of typhoid fever in 1854. Dr. Thrill was in Belle Centre from the spring of 1854 to 1855. He was educated at Starling Medical College, and removed to Iowa. Dr. Lunger attended lectures in Cleveland. He practiced in Richland and Belle Centre, and died at the latter place about ten years ago. Dr. James S. Pollock first settled in Lewistown, and moved thence to Belle Centre. He graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 1855. Dr. Lyman Dow graduated from the Ohio Medical College in 1865. He entered the army as Assistant Surgeon, and remained there until the close of the war; since that time he has resided in Belle Centre. Dr. Moses Devore Wilson received his medical education at the Jefferson Medical College, Pa., and at Ann Arbor, Mich., where he graduated M. D. in 1854. He resides in Belle Centre. Dr. L. S. Patrick was educated at Baldwin University, Berea, Ohio; received his medical education at the Eclectic Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio. He died in 1872.

Dr. John A. Coulter took a private course of study under Prof. Dunn. He entered first O. V. I. as a private, studied medicine under the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Sur gery, and graduated in 1872: In 1875, was acting assistant physician in the Newberry Lunatic Asylum. Dr. Joseph Snyder practiced a few years in Huntsville; he died there. Dr. Brooks also died there after a brief practice. Dr. Starrett, while practicing his profession in the same place, died of milk sickness. Dr. Sanford A. Dewey came to Huntsville in 1865. He is a graduate of the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. Dr. John I. Ditzler attended lectures in the Jefferson Medical College of

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HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 263

Pennsylvania. He located in Cherokee in 1843, and graduated at Starling Medical College in 1850. He practiced medicine in the vicinity of Cherokee until 1877, when he died. Dr. Edward Hamilton practiced medicine in tire neighborhood of Huntsville between thirty and forty years ago. He moved west. He is a wealthy citizen of Peoria, Illinois. S. R. Blizzard, M. D., graduated at the Ohio Medical College in 1860. He lives at present in Bellefontaine. Dr. Robert C. Dewey graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1873. He practices in Huntsville. Dr. Samuel A. Morton came to Cherokee in 1831

Dr. Abraham Elder attended lectures at the Starling Medical College. He resides in Huntsville. John Kerr, M. D., graduated at Starling Medical College in 1878. Dr. John Ten Eyck graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati. He settled in Huntsville about the year 1875. B. F. McKinnon, M. D., graduated at Starling Medical College in 1860. He entered the army in March, 1864, as Assistant Surgeon of the 139th and again of the 191st Regt., O. V. I. Dr. Edwin Pratt was for a number of years a very active practitioner in Bloomfield Township; he has latterly been pursuing his professional avocations in Bellefontaine. Dr. L. Prater his recently come to Cherokee from another State. In the eastern section of the county, Dr. James Crew was an early settler. Dr. Crew first studied medicine with Dr. Parker, of Columbiana County, Ohio. He subsequently studied in Richmond, Indiana. Here, in 1821, he married his first wife, having with her a family of eight children. In the same year he moved to Zanesfield, in this county, where he practiced his profession for forty-seven years, when ire retired. He died April 21, 1868. In the year 1837, the Doctor was elected a member of the Ohio Legislature. He served one term. He also filled the offices of Justice of the Peace, Postmaster, etc., at various times. Dr. James W. Marmon studied medicine with Dr. Crew, but did not graduate until 1834, when he received his degree at the Ohio Medical College. Dr. James Robb, at the age of twenty-three, commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Lord, of Bellefontaine. He attended lectures at the Medical College of Ohio: After a brief period of ill health, Dr. Robb, in 1848, entered into partnership with Dr. Crew, of Zanesfield. He has been twice elected County Commissioner. In the year 1845, Dr. William Gee came to Zanesfield and practiced about five years. In 1847, Dr. Tomphson settled in Zanesfield and practiced two years. About 1863, Dr. Campbell settled there also, and practiced on the eclectic system. After about eight years he removed to another State. Dr. J. G. Finley formed a partnership with Dr. Robb in 1867.. After three years he removed to the eastern portion of the State. Amos Taylor, M. D., graduated at the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, in 1866: After practicing for a time, he graduated a second time at the Medical College of Ohio. altogether, he practiced eight years in Zanesfield. In 1874 Dr. Outland begun the practice of medicine in Zanesfield; he is a graduate. In 1870 Dr. N. S. Crew practiced with Dr. Robb. after two years he removed to Missouri. In 1874 Dr. John J. Coram, a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio, formed a partnership with Dr. Robb. Dr. J. W. Hamilton came to East Liberty in November, 1836. He practiced medicine there until 1853, when he retired. Dr. Hamilton was born in Venango Co., Pa., and studied medicine with Dr. Gillet, of Franklin County. Dr. Hamilton died August 1, 1879. Dr. W. S. Adams came to East Liberty in March, 1846; Dr. Adams died there in 1853. Dr. W. N. Unkifer came to East Liberty in March, 1872. He graduated at the Cincinnati Medical College. Dr. R. R.

264 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

Smith came to East Liberty in 1877, and has been there ever since; he graduated in Cincinnati Medical College. Joseph Canby, M. D., was born in Loudoun Co., Va.; he graduated in Rush Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.; he was a student of Dr. Daniel Drake; Dr. Canby came to Logan County in 1825; he located near the point where the village of De Graff now stands; he died in 1843, at the age of sixty-two years; his death was hastened, it is supposed, from a shock sustained from a stroke of lightning. Dr. Canby was a man of good attainments in his profession, and had, withal, uncommon energy and force of character. Dr. Good, a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., practiced medicine in Quincy, Logan County, from the year 1836 to 1843.

Samuel K. Leedom, M. D., graduated in Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1839. Dr. L. located in Quincy in 1843, where he remained until his death, in 1855. Drs. Morehead and Longfellow succeeded Dr. Leedom. Dr. Morehead practiced in several towns in Logan County, and died in Huntsville a few years ago. Dr. Longfellow is a graduate in medicine; after remaining in Quincy a short time he removed to Fostoria, Ohio, where he now lives.

The following physicians appeared at various times in Quincy: Dr. Barkerville, Dr, Hele, Dr. Landis, Dr. Edwards, Dr Laughton and Dr. Shafer.

Practicing there now, are Dr. J. C. Lilly; he graduated at Cleveland Medical College, and came to Quincy in 1870. Dr. J. S. Hubbell graduated in Starling Medical College, in 1871. He resides in Quincy at this time. Dr. Moses L. Pratt studied medicine with Drs. F. Brooks and B. W. Pratt. He located in Quincy in 1863, where he is now. Dr. N. V. Speece is a graduate of Starling Medical College in 1863. Dr. Speece is in active practice in Quincy.

F. M. Galer, M. D., graduated in Starling Medical College in 1867. He is practicing in De Graff. R. S. Gilchrist was born in Knox County, Ohio, August 5, 1823; received a literary and scientific education at. Martins burg Academy, and at Kenyon College. His medical preceptor was Prof. H. L. Thrall, M. D. He was in the college laboratory at Kenyon three years. He graduated in medicine at Cleveland, Ohio, in 183. He has partly retired in consequence of ill health. M. A. Koogler, M. D., graduated in medicine from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1874. He located in De Graff, where is now engaged in practice. Dr. D. W. Richardson graduated in medicine from Ohio Medical College in 1868. He practices his profession in De Graff. Dr. A. F. Matson graduated in Cleveland Medical College in 1856. He located in Logansville. Dr. M. entered the army as Assistant Surgeon of the 132nd O. N. G. He contracted a disease in the army of which he died April 9, 1867. J. C. Turner, M. D., attended lectures in Cincinnati, Ohio. He located in De Graff in 1850, and moved thence to Iowa. Dr. William Thomas settled in Logansville in 1840. After ten years he moved to Bellefuntaine, where he died. Dr. William Reams was educated at Starling Medical College, in 1853. He has practiced in West Mansfield twenty-six years. Joshua A. Skidmore graduated at Miami Medical College in 1868. He was with the army in Tennessee. Dr. Samuel Kerr practiced in North Greenfield from 1850 to 1853, where he died. Dr. E. Whittaker attended lectures in Miami Medical College. He is located in West Mansfield. Dr. S. Maris attended medical lectures in 1877. . He is living in' West Mansfield. Dr. B. F. Hunt graduated at the Pulte Medical College in 1877. He is practicing in De Graff. J. F. Hance, M. D., is a graduate of the Eclectic Medical Institute I of Cincinnati. He is of the class of 1849.

HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 265

He is located in De Graff. Dr. Good is now practicing medicine in Logansville. He attended lectures in Cincinnati.

Dr. John Vail was an early and useful physician in and about Middleburg, He graduated in medicine in 1832, and died in 1870. He was a man of exceptionally fine intelligence, useful in his life, and lamented in death.

Dr. Peter Walker practiced medicine in Middleburg front 1835 until 1842, when he moved to Iowa.

William J. Sullivan, M. D., received his medical education at Ann Arbor, Mich., and Columbus, Ohio. He graduated at Starling Medical College in 1853. Dr. Sullivan served as Surgeon in the army Burin; the rebellion. He has practiced his profession in several localities in Logan County. His residence at the present time is Urbana, Ohio.

One amongst two or three of the very earliest permanently resident physicians of Logan County, was Dr. A. H. Lord. He was not only one of the earliest, but one of the most prominent and active physicians in this portion of the State. It is, therefore, fitting that some biographical notice should be taken of him and his career. And it is believed that such notice, under the circumstances, will be more appropriate as a part of the medical history of the country, than under the special department devoted to isolated biography. Dr. Abiel Hovey Lord was born in Windsor, Vermont, April 26, 1802 . His father emigrated to Ohio, with his family, in 1806. He came as far as Wheeling by wagon; then he entered a flatboat to proceed to his destination. On the third day out, the boat was sunk by a tree falling across it while tied to the shore during a storm. His child Abiel was saved by being carried to the bank on the back of a hired man, but the contents of the boat were ruined. After raising their craft, the journey was resumed, and, without further mishap, was finally completed. At the age of thirteen, Dr. Lord went to Brookville, Indiana, under the patronage of Dr. David Oliver, a connection of the Spencer family, well known in the pioneer history of Ohio. Here he went to school most of the time for four years. In 1819 he entered the office of Dr. L. A. Waldo, of Wayne County, Indiana, where he remained one year. While visiting friends in Urbana, O., he became acquainted with Dr. Joseph S. Carter, and entered the office of that gentleman, pursuing his medical studies two years longer. In May, 1823, Dr. Lord located as a physician in Bellefontaine. The practice of medicine in those days, and for many years subsequently, in Bellefontaine, occupied a large field. The nearest physician, on the south, lived in Urbana; the nearest upon the west was in Sidney; on tin; notes none was to be found nearer than Perrysburg, on the Maumee river; on the east, Dr. James S. Crew was located in Zanesfield, and the elder Dr. Elbert was yet farther to the eastward.

Dr. Lord practiced in all the counties bordering upon Logan; namely, in Shelby, Harden, Auglaize, Union and Champaign,; but his most common remote practice was in Auglaize and Hardin Counties, and in Kenton.. A good deal of the kind and style of practice of Dr. Lord in that early period are described in the opening paragraphs of this subject, At that time there was an Indian reservation at Lewistown, and also one on the Muchinippi. These Indians were a mixture of Shawnees and Senecas. Dr. Lord had considerable practice amongst them, until they were removed, in the year 1832. The Doctor vaccinated 750 Indians as they were about to leave their reservations. This number included certain Indians from Wapakonetta, and also certain ones from Shawnee village, in Allen County. On one occasion, Dr. Lord was called to visit an Indian chief at Shawnee village.

266 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

The doctor was not at home when the messenger came, and he was compelled to make the trip alone, and started late in the day. When about at the site of the present village of St. John, in Auglaize Count-, his hat was knocked off by a branch of a tree. It was in a deep forest, and it had become very dark. It took some time groping about to recover the hat, and during the search the Doctor had become bewildered respecting the points of the compass. Letting his horse take his own course, it soon became apparent that the way was lost. Upon this discovery, the Doctor took off his saddle for a pillow and hitched his horse, determined to wait for daylight. Soon, however, the call and answering cry of wolves admonished him that he had better move on. Saddling his horse, he pushed on as best he could, and, after a considerable time, came to an Indian hut, about three miles from Wapakonetta. Getting upon the right way, he kept on till awhile after daylight. He arrived at the Shawnee village, ten or twelve miles beyond Wapakonetta, which was the point of his destination.

Such incidents might be multiplied indefinitely, but this will suffice to afford some idea of the time, the work and the man. Dr. Lord was married the 27th day of May, 1824, to Miss Letitia McCloud, daughter of Judge William McCloud, then a prominent citizen of the county, and one of the earliest and most reliable bunters and scouts. Mrs. Lord died in August, 1875. There were five chil dren born to the doctor and his wife. Maria, the eldest, is the wife of L. G. More, now living near Bellefontaine. The second, Lucinda, is the wife of Dr. T. L. Wright. The third, Minerva, married Mr. George Hackinger; she died of consumption in 1876. The fourth, Richard S. Lord, entered the Military Academy at West Point, and graduated in 1856. He was stationed in the far West previously to the civil war. He served in the cavalry arm of the regular army throughout the war, greatly distinguishing himself on many occasions. He was wounded at Gettysburg, and at the close of the war was upon the staff of Gen. Philip Sheridan. He died of consumption, at his father's house, on the 15th of October, 1866. The youngest child of Dr. Lord, Caroline, died in early youth. Dr. Lord was in the active practice of medicine in Logan County for over fifty years, during which time he performed an incredible amount of professional labor. He was a prompt and eflicient physician, and, in the Bars of his prime, always had labor to perform fully up to his physical capacity, and very often beyond it. He was justly popular with his patrons and universally kind and forbearing toward the poor. Dr. Lord was Treasurer of the county for six years, he having been elected to that office three different times. He is still living, at the age of 78 years.

The Logan County Medical Society way founded in 1858. Most of the regular physicians of the county are members. Its officers are: a President, Vice- President, Secretary, and three Censors. It meets in Bellefontaine the second Tuesday of each month. At each meeting there is usually an essay submitted by some member, previously appointed to that duty. This, with reports of cases and discus sions, makes the sum of the exercises. It is in a flourishing condition.

THE BAR OF LOGAN COUNTY. *

Logan County has from its first organization maintained a high rank at the Bar. Few counties in the State can show such a continued succession of able, brilliant and distinguished lawyers. They have stood at the front in all the Courts, and in the State and National Councils. They have been honoree

* Contributed by Hon. James Walker.

HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 267.

by their brethren of the surrounding counties, and their services and assistance has been repeatedly sought in far distant counties, in the trial of important law cases, requiring great legal knowledge and acumen. Logan County has furnished a Judge of the Supreme Court, a Judge of the Common Pleas, an Attorney-General, and the most important legal adviser of the United States Treasury.

In early days the terms of Court lasted but a few days, and lawyers of note and eminence traveled the circuit on horse, and visited the several counties, remaining to the end of the term, taking their chances for retainers. They had but few law books from which to cite authorities, and cases were tried with but little of that parade of legal books, which overwhelm the tables of the lawyers and the judges bench on the trial of cases, yet we do not hesitate to say that justice was dispensed as well then as now.

Orvis Parrish, Joseph H. Grain, Sampson Mason, Charles Anthony, Gustavus Swan and Judge Swayne, now of the Supreme Court of the United States, frequently visited this county and engaged in the trial of cases.

The opening-day of Court was the great day of the year ; the people attended in crowds ; would fill the Court-house and remain till midnight to hear the lawyers talk. The jury and the crowd were alike appealed to by turns in the most vehement language and gesture.

In those days the most important cases, including murder trials, would be disposed of in less than a day. The docket was always cleared at the end of every term.

The judges who have at different times presided in this county were Orvis Parrish, Joseph H. Grain, Joseph R. Swan, James L. Torbert, Benjamin F: Metcalf, William Lawrence, Jacob S. Conklin, P. B. Cole and John L. Porter, the present judge.

The first term of court was held in April, 1818, Orvis Parrish, President Judge, and James McIlvane, Levi Garwood and John Shelby, Associates. There was then no lawyer residing in the county, and James Cooly, of Champaign County, was appointed Prosecuting Attorney. Nicholas Pickerel was appointed Sheriff, and Samuel Newell Clerk. The term was brief, and but little was done besides the appointment of administrators and guardians.

In chronological order, we give the names of the lawyers who have resided in Logan County, and are now deceased:

Anthony Gasad was the first resident lawyer in Logan County. He came to Bellefontaine in the year 1826, when a young man. I3e was active and energetic, and had a fair practice, but toward the latter part of his life his mind was directed to other matters more congenial to him, and he almost wholly aban doned the practice. He lived a pure life, and was strictly honest and honorable. No man was more respected for his moral worth and good feeling. He was honored in many ways. In 1826 he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected at various times until 1831. He was elected Representative in the Ohio Legislature in 1840, and re-elected in 1852. In 1858 he was elected Probate Judge, which office he held at his death. He died in the year 1861. He was kind and amiable, and no man had more warm friends and fewer enemies. He was a devoted Christian, and he lived a pleasant and happy life, greatly beloved by his family.

William Bayles, was among the first practioners at the Bar in Logan County. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1822, and was re-elected in 1824. After Mr. Gasad became a resident lawyer, Mr. Bayles moved into the County. He was a man of considerable natural ability, but had a limited education, and was not regarded as a thorough lawyer. His habits unfitted him for close

268 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

attention to the practice and study of the law, andhe neglected business, and became a hopeless inebriate. He was found dead in the little stream which runs through the city.

Hiram M. McCartney, came to Logan County in the year 1830. He studied law in this county with Hon. B. M. Piatt, who then resided in Logan County. He was a man of fair education, with great natural gifts, and he would have been the Ieading lawyer in this section of the State, had he lived and remained in good health. He became consumptive, and fell its victim just as his great talents were beginning to develop his great powers and energy. He was a free-thinker and held liberal views on all things. He was one of the prominent anti-slavery men of the time, and almost the last act of his life was to preside at an Abolition meeting, at which he gave expression to bold truths, which he uttered amid threats of personal violence. Many anecdotes are told of his independence and liberality. He is yet remembered and talked of by all the old citizens. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1832, and again in 1834. He died in the year 1839

Royal T. Sprague came to this county about the year 1839, and practiced law until the year 1847. when he removed to California, where he died in 1878. He was a man of fair ability and liberal education, but he did not acquire any considerable reputation.

Samuel Walker came here about the same year, He was not regarded as a. first-class lawyer. He was a good business man, and served many years as Justice of the Peace. He was a man of rare integrity and honesty. He was an ultra-abolitionist, and he startled the Legislature of Ohio, at one time, by sending to them a peremptory command that they should forthwith pass a law to abolish slavery. He quit the practice and removed to his farm near Huntsville, where he died in 18u2.

H. M. Shelly was a native of this county. He was admitted to the Bar in this county in 1844, and shortly after removed to Iowa. He practiced law there till 1856, when he returned to Lima, Ohio, and afterwards opened an office in Logan County, where he remained till his dead:.

Benjamin Stanton was born in Jefferson County, Ohio, and came to Logan County in 1834. He was deficient in early education, but he had a strong and vigorous intellect and applied himself closely to study, and his improvement was rapid, and he soon rose to distinction in his profession. Hi was an able lawyer. and could talk with great force to a jury. He was strong in argument, managed his cases with great ability, and was generally successful. He entered politics early and took an active part in the political campaigns. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1836, and re-elected in 1838. Hr was elected State Senator in 1841, and was one of the members who resigned his seat, and thereby broke up the quorum and defeated the passage of the iniquitous bill districting the State. He was re-elected by a large majority. In 1850 he was elected a. member of the Constitutional Convention, and was a prominent member of that body. He was elected to Congress in 1850, and served two years, and in 1854 he was again elected, and was afterwards re-elected for two consecutive terms. Mr. Stanton took an active part in the discussions of that body, and always sustained himself well. He acquired a. national reputation. He was elected Lieutenant-Governor in 1862, and several times secured a respectable vote for United States Senator. He removed to West Virginia in 1865, and soon had a large and lucrative practice in the State and United States Courts. In the discussion of the new and complicated questions growing out of the Rebellion and the formation of the new State of West Virginia, he

HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 269

became a powerful advocate. He died suddenly in 1873.

S. B. Walker was born in Shelby County, and came to Logan County in 1846, and entered into partnership with Mr. Stanton, and continued for about a year, when they dissolved, and he returned to Shelby County, where he died several years ago.

C. W. B. Allison was admitted to the Bar in Wayne County, and settled in Union County in 1843. Was elected Prosecuting Attorney for two terms, in 1850. He married a daughter of Benjamin Stanton, and immediately entered into a partnership with him. The firm had an extensive practice. Mr. Allison was a careful and reliable lawyer , who prepared his cases with labor and attention. He was not a brilliant man, but his success consisted in his application and attention to business. He was elected to the Legislature in 1865, and shortly after the expiration of his term he removed to Wheeling, West Virginia, where he practised law until his death, which occurred in 1876.

William Lawrence, of Bellefontaine, was Morn at Mount Pleasant, Ohio, June 26, 1819; graduated at Franklin College, Ohio, and afterwards at the Cincinnati Law School; was a reporter for the Columbus State Journal, and subsequently edited the Logan Gazette and the Western Law Monthly; was Bankrupt Commissioner for Logan County in 1842; was Prosecuting Attorney for Logan County in 1845; was a member of the State House of Representatives of Ohio in 1846 and 1847; was a member of the State Senate of Ohio in 1849, 1850, and 1854; was elected Reporter of the Supreme Court of Ohio in 1851; was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in 180, for five years; reelected in 1861, and resigned in 1864; was in the Union army in 1862, as Colonel of the 84th Ohio Volunteers; was appointed United States Judge in Florida in 1863, which he declined to accept; elected to the Thirty-ninth, Fortieth, Forty-first, Forty-third, and Forty-fourth Congresses, as a Republican, and in 1880, appointed First Comptroller of the Treasury.

Mr. Lawrence had the title of LL. D. conferred upon him by the Franklin College of New Athens, Ohio, in 1873.

Joseph H. Lawrence, son of William Lawrence, was born at Bellefontaine, Logan County, Ohio, August 4, 1847;. He graduated at the Washington and Jefferson College, in Pennsylvania, in 1870, and also at the Columbian Law College, at Washington, D. C., in 1871, and was admitted to the Bar the same year.

William H. West was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, on the 9th of February, 1824, and was educated at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, under the presidency of Dr. R. J. Breckenridge. He removed to Bellefontaine, Logan County, Ohio, where he studied law with Judge Lawrence. Mr. West has held several important offices since being admitted to practice, in 1851. He was Prosecuting Attorney from 1852 to 1854; a member of the General Assembly in 1858, and re-elected in 1862, serving until 1864, when he was elected State Senator. He was Attorney-General from 1868 to 1870, and Judge of the Supreme Court from January, 1872, to February, 1873, when he resigned. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention during its entire session.

James Walker was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1826, and educated at Martinsburg College, Knox County, Ohio. He was admitted to practice at Bucyrus, Ohio, in 1849, after a complete law course with Columbus Delano, at Mount Vernon, Ohio. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1854, and re-elected in 1856; was United States Assessor from 1862 to 1865. 1n 1867 he was elected Mayor of Bellefontaine.

270 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. .

Robert P. Kennedy was Born at Bellefontaine on the 23d of January, 1840. He graduated from the high school at his native town, and then completed a collegiate course at New Haven, Connecticut. He studied law with Judge West, and was admitted to practice in August, 1866. Entered into a law partnership with Judge West on the 1st of January, 1867. Mr. Kennedy entered the army on the breaking out of the war, and served in the 23d O. V. I. as Second Lieutenant; was made Adjutant- General of Volunteers, Second Cavalry Division of the Army of the Cumberland, serving two years; was then made Major and Adjutant-General on the general staff; and then Colonel of the 196th Ohio; then Brevet Brigadier-General of Volunteers, and Chief of Staff of the Department of West Virginia. He was also on Major-General Hancock's Staff, as Adjutant-General of the Middle Military Division, and then assigned the command of the forts around Baltimore. He is at present Collector of Revenue for the 4th District, Ohio. Appointed in 1878.

John A. Price was born in Callaway County, Missouri, November 9, 1840 ; removed to Logan County with his parents in 1843 ; was educated at West Liberty, and studied law with Stanton & Allison, and was admitted to practice in 1862 ; was elected to the office of Prosecuting Attorney in 1864, and re-elected in 1866. In 1869 he was elected to the State Legislature, and served one term. In 1873 he took in W. H. Martin as a law partner. The latter gentleman was born at Warrenton, Jefferson County, Ohio, September 25, 1822, and was educated at Woodward College, Cincinnati. He studied law with Lawrence & Lawrence, and was admitted to practice in August, 1873.

James Kernan & Son. The senior member of this firm was born in Ireland, in 1814 . He removed to America in 1829, and settled at Newark, New Jersey, where he received his education. In 1848 - 49 he graduated at the law school of Cincinnati, and was admitted to the practice of law June 18, 1849. He has been. since permanently located at Bellefontaine.

The junior member of the firm; James Kernan. Jr., was born October 21, 1840; was educated at Bellefontaine, and studied law with his father. He was admitted to the bar at the December session of the Supreme Court, at Columbus, in 1865. and has been a partner with his father seer since.

James B. McLaughlin was born in the city of Perth, Scotland, January 16, 1817, and came to America in 1820, settIing at Yellow Springs, where he received a liberal education. In 1833 he removed to Ohio, and read law with Judge William Lawrence, and was admitted to practice in 1860, and to practice in the Federal Courts by the Circuit Court, at Cleveland, in 1872. Mr. McLaughlin was elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1862, and served one term, and to the office of County Surveyor in 1852, and re-elected in 1854. He was appointed United States Commissioner in 1864. He died in 1878.

Duncan Dow, of the firm of McLaughlin & Dow, was born in Harrison Township, Logan County, Ohio, on the 13th of March, 1843. He received his primary education at the Bellefontaine high school, but subsequently entered and completed a full collegeiate course at West Geneva, Logan County, Ohio. He graduated from the Cincinnati law school in 1868, and was admitted to practice the same year. He entered into a law partnership with the McLaughlins-father and son in 1868. In 1869 was elected Prosecuting attorney, and re-elected in 1871; in 1875 o was elected to the Ohio Legislature, and re-elected in 1877.

J. Duncan McLaughlin was born in Logan County; in 1845, and was educated at

HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 271

Bellefontaine, and studied law at the Cincinnati law school, where he graduated in April, 1869, and was admitted to the bar the same year. Mr. McLaughlin was elected to the office of County Survey or in 1866, and served one term. Was also elected Prosecuting Attorney in 1874, and in the spring of 1880, as Mayor of Bellefontaine. Is now a member of the firm of McLaughlin & Dow.

E. J. Howenstine was horn and raised in Bucyrus, Crawford County, Ohio, and received a collegiate education at JefFerson College, at Cannonsburgh, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated with honors in 1864. Read law with Jacob Scroggs, at Bucyrus, and graduated at the Cincinnati law school in April, 1886, and was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati the same year. Was in partnership in the practice of law with Judge Lawrence from April, 1866, to August, 1871, then practiced alone from August, 1871, to October, 1873. Entered in partnership with N. G. Johnston, under the style of Howenstine & Johnston, from October, 1873, until September 1, 1874, since which time the firm has keen changed to Howenstine & Sweet.

Edwin D. Hunt was born in Laporte County, Indiana, on the 5th of January, 1836. Removed to Ohio in 1863, and to Bellefontaine in April, 1865. Read law with Kernan & Kernan the first year, and subsequently with Lawrence & Lawrence. Was educated at Hillsdale College, Michigan, and admitted to the practice of law at the spring term of the Supreme Court, at Columbus. Was elected a Justice of the Peace for Logan County in 1872.

Thomas H. Wright was born at Bellefontaine, Logan County, Ohio, on the 30th of April, 1849. He received his education at the high school of his native town, from which he graduated with honors. Read law with Kernan & Kernan, and was admitted to the Bar at the spring term of the Supreme Court at Columbus in 1871, and subsequently in the Supreme Court at Denver City, Colorado, in which Territory he practiced for a year.

N. G. Johnson, of Bellefontaine, Ohio, was born in Monroe Township, Logan County, Ohio, on the 15th of July, 1836. Was educated at the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, and graduated in the class of 1859. Read law with Walker & West, of Bellefontaine, and also at the Cincinnati law school. Was admitted to the bar at Cincinnati in June, 1869. Was in partnership with H. R. Gwynn, since deceased, and subsequently with E. J. Howenstine. He has left the county.

S. B. Foster, of Huntsville, Logan County, Ohio, was born at Goshen, Orange County, New York, on the 8th of February, 1825. He received a common-school education, and learned the tinner's trade in Rochester, New York. Came to Ohio in 1846, and to Hunts ville in 1850. Studied law under the instruction of J. Kernan, Sr., at Bellefontaine, and was admitted to the Bar at the Supreme Court at Columbus, July 10, 1856.

Henry C. Dickinson, of Perry Township, Logan County, Ohio, was born in Logan County on the 30th of June, 1839. He was educated at Marysville, Ohio, and read law with McLaughlins & Dow at Bellefontaine. He was admitted to practice at the fall term of the District Court, at Bellefontaine, in 1873.

William W. Beatty, was born in Loudoun County, Virginia, September 12, 1820. All the schooling he received was in Upperville, in said County. When he was thirteen years old, his father emigrated to Harrison County, Ohio.

In 1843 be entered his name as a law student in the office of Alien C. Turn, of Cadiz. After remaining with him until the fall of 1844, he came to Logan County in 1850. He entered his name as a student in

272 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

the office of Hon. William Lawrence, of Bellefontaine, Ohio, and in August, 1853, at Upper Sandusky, was admitted to the bar. 1n January, 1870, at Cleveland, he was licensed to practice in the United States Court, and in 1873 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature, and in 1875 to the Ohio Senate.

R. N. Jordan, of West Liberty, Loan County, Ohio, was born in Union County, Pennsylvania, on the. 8th of October, 1823. He removed to Loan County in the year 1850. In 1863 he was elected to the office of Justice of the Peace, and was re-elected in 1866, and again in 1869 and 1872. In the spring of 1864 he was elected Mayor of the town of West Liberty, and was re-elected in 1865 and 1866. He was admitted to the practice of law by the District Court at one of its sessions held in Bellefontaine, in August, 1874.

G. W. Emerson, of Bellefontaine, Ohio, was born in Logan County and educated at Hinsdale College, where he graduated from the Classical Department in 1870. After studying law with West, Walker & Kennedy, he was admitted to the Bar in June, 1875, at the open session of the Supreme Court, at Columbus, Ohio. He taught school until May of 1876, when he bean the regular practice of his profession. He was elected Prosecuting Attorney in the fall of 1877, and re-elected in 1878 by a Republican majority of 1,554.

William A. West, a Son of Judge West, was born at Bellefuntaine. He finished his education at the Wooster University, Wooster, Ohio, and studied in his father's office ; was admitted to the Bar in December, 1876, before the Supreme Court of Ohio. He is at present. a member of the law firm of West, Walker & West.

J. W. Stem was born in Logan County ; was educated at Monmouth College, Illinois, in 1877; studied law with John A. Price, and was admitted to practice, September 2, 1879, before the District Court, at Cleveland. He is now a member of the firm of Price & Steers.

Milton Steers was born in Virginia: After a common school district education, he studied law with West & Walker, of Bellefontaine. He was admitted to the Bar in 1859, at the session of the District Court in Logan County. Since then he has beer engaged in practice six years at Bellefuntaine and eight years at DeGraff. He is now practicing by himself.

W. H. Ballard was born ax Springfield, Ohio. After a liberal education in the sciences, he studied law in Illinois, and was admitted to practice at the session of the Supreme Court of that State, in 1877. In 1880 he was admitted at the sessiom of the Supreme Court of Ohio to the practice of law in this State.

John O. Sweet was born at Urbana, Ohio. He laid the foundation of his education in the common schools, studied law with E. J. Howenstine, and was admitted to the Bar at the session of the District Court in Logan county, in 1874. He is now a partner in the firm of Howenstine & Sweet, Bellefontaine.

J. A. Odor was born in Logan county, Ohio. After completing his education at Geneva College, at N orthwood, Ohio, in 1865, he studied law with J. B. McLaughlin. 1n 1867 he was admitted to practice, at the session of the District Court of Logan county, after an absence of four years in Kansas and Iowa. Since then he has practiced his profession for himself in this county.

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