HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY - 389 CHAPTER - XI JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP-TOPOGRAPHY- ORGANIZATION AS A CIVIL DIVISION OF THE COUNTY - PROMINENT CITIZENS - CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. THE territory comprising Jefferson Township is about six miles square. Its north line is about six miles south of and parallel wide the north line of the county, and its east line is about four and one-fourth miles west of and parallel with the east line of the county. It is the middle township of the second tier from the east side. Mad River is the principal stream, and, although its headwaters are entirely within the limits of the township, it becomes a respectable mill stream before it crosses its southern boundary. It has two small tributaries from the east and three from the west. Sugar Creek, the largest, which drains Hadley's Bottom, originates in the hills which intervene between the waters of Mil1 Creek and Mad River, and empties into the latter near Dickinson's lower mill a short distance northeast of Zanesfield. Another stream, which, so far as we can learn, has never attained to the dignity of a name, though at times it assumes large proportions, takes its rise in the northeast corner of Monroe, but immediately runs into Jefferson, near the southeast corner, and finds its way to the head of Marmon's Valley, where it toys awhile with a branch of Otter Creek, from which it is only separated by a narrow road, and then takes its course directly through the beautiful valley to Mad River, into which it empties about three-fourths of a mils south of Zanesfield. Flowing from the west, we find a small stream, taking its rise in the hills surrounding the head of McKee's Creek, but seeking an outlet in an opposite direction through a remarkably rough and broken section, it reaches * Contributed by B. S. Scott. the Mad River Valley near the northern boundary of Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,139. Goose Creek heads a little north, and Tharp's Run a short distance south, of Bellefontaine pike. They have in general a southeast direction, and empty near the southern limits of the township. They are separated through nearly all their course by a high, broken and irregular ride. Of the streams that do not flow into Mad River, the head branches of Rush Creek drain the northwestern and north central part of the township, and flow into Rush Creek Lake, a small part of which is in the township. Mill Creek drains the northeastern, Otter Creek a portion of the southeastern, and McKee's Creek the southwestern parts of the township. The soil in the valleys is generally black loam, underlaid with limestone gravel-the gravel cropping out on the surface in place. In the upper parts of the valleys, in places, a large admixture of shale or slatestone is found, deposited from the ravines above. On the hills the soil is mostly clay, intermixed with loam, sand and gravel, and underlaid with blue clay. The soil in the valleys is generally very productive. Fifty, sixty and even seventy years of constant, and, in some instances, not very judicious cultivation, having failed to exhaust its productive energy. The soil on the hills is much less fertile. Though producing good crops when first brought under cultivation, but with a constant succession of crops without liberal manuring it in time becomes exceedingly sterile and unproductive; it is also liable to serious injury from washing when cultivated every season. It is, 390 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. however, highly valuable for pasture, and finely adapted to the cultivation of fruit. With the exception of a small portion of prairie in the Mad River Valley, the land was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, consisting of Oak, Hickory, Poplar, Ash, Lind, Elm, Sugartree, Beech, Walnut and Wild Cherry, on the hills and broken lands, with an undergrowth of Hickory, Ironwood, Dogwood, Waterbeech, Sassafras, and in some of the coves Spicewood and Papaw, while in the valley the prevailing growth was Walnut, Sugartree, Red Elm, Hickory Elm, Burr-Oak, Hickory, Lind, Huckberry, Sycamore and Wild Cherry. Wild Plums and Crabapples were abundant along the border of the prairies, and mulberries and serviceberries were found on the hills. Wild grapes were found both on the hills and in the valleys. Wherever clearings were commenced in the forest, elders, blackberries and raspberries sprang up in great abundance. The Mad River Valley, in connection with the upper part of the Rush Creek Valley, or the low lands lying immediately south of Rush Creek Lake, extend, entirely through the township from north to south, and affords a large body of fine farming land, except a small portion in the south, and, perhaps, a little bordering on the lake, which is too wet for cultivation. The Sugar Creek Valley, known in early times as Hadley's Bottom, extends from the Mad River Valley a short distance above Zanesfield, in a northeasterly direction, comprising the southeastern part of Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,139, the principal part of Bradford's Survey, No. 3,136, and the southwestern extern part of Holt's Survey, N o. 2,674, affording a fine section of farming land about a mile and one-half long and one-half a mile in width, and lying principally south of the road leading to North Greenfield. Marmon's Valley extends from the Mad Riser Pallet', eastward, almost to the southeast corner of the township, embracing the principal part of Samuel Davis' Survey, N o. 3,216, and the western part of Thewett's Survey, No. 4,66l. The Marmon Valley, though of limited extent, is scarcely surpassed by any in the county, or in the State, for beauty and fertility; and, when seen Prow any of the crowning; eminence on either side, presents a picture of almost indescribable loveliness. The McKee's Creek Valley, in the southwestern part of the township, is , not so clearly defined as those already spoken of. The valley proper is narrow, and yet the land on either side rises so gradually that the valley seems to merge into the upland with scarcely am abrupt hills to murk its boundary. The hills comprise one lung, crooked and irregular ridge, or chain of hills, on the west, and three distinct groups. on the east of the Mad River Valley. Commencing: with the former, we find, near where the Bellefontaine road crosses the western boundary of the township, a very elevated point, from which the surface descends in every direction-to the east and south into the McKee's Creek Valley, to the west to Blue Jacket Creek, and to the north to a slight depression in the summit of the ridge. Following this ridge it takes along near the western boundary of the township to within about a mile of its northern limit, where it is penetrated from the east by a branch of Rush Creek, without, however, being disconnected with the high ride that extends in the, direction of Harper. From this point it turns to the eastward and terminates in that direction nearly opposite the neck of lowland that connects the Mad River and Rush Creek Valleys. The eastern declivity of this ridge is penetrated by numerous gorges and ravines, one of which pushes itself almost entirely through to the head of McKee's Creek, and nearly disconnects it from the ridge that walls in the lower part of the Mad River Valley on the west. From this HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 391 point of depression it, however, reaches nearly its former elevation, and continues in a southern direction to the southern limit of the township, split and broken into spurs and headlands by narrow valleys and ravines which penetrate its eastern face, affording outlets for numerous branches and streamlets, and presenting some beautiful and picturesque landscapes, as seen from the hills beyond the valley. Of the groups or ridges east of the caller, the first commences in the north near the Rushsylvania pike, and runs south, throwing out numerous spurs to the eastward, which gradually decline to the level of the Mill Creek Valley. It is abruptly terminated on the south hr Sugar Creek Valley. Its western face is rough and precipitous: its eastern slope much more gentle, but yet rough and irregular from the intervention of valleys and ravines. The second ridge, or group, runs east front Mad River directly opposite Zanesfield, and terminates near East Liberty. Its eastern slope is also gentle and rolling, while on the north, south and west it is extremely rough and broken, in many places being only adapted to the cultivation of fruits and berries. and to pasture. The third and last ridge runs from Mad River eastward south of Marmon's Valley. Like the second, it is very abrupt and broken on the north, but, unlike it on the south, it continues high and rolling land, interspersed occasionally with ravines and valleys for a considerable. distance till it reaches the waters of Mackachack. In describing the topography of the township, some peculiar features present themselves: First, the Mad River Valley, proper, seems to terminate where the old Sandusky road crossed the river, near Dickinson's Mills. The hills on each side converge to the channel of the river, while the plain above, or even the channel of the riser, has an elevation 20 to 25 feet above the valley below. From this point the very narrow channel gradually expands until in the eastern neighborhood, one and one-half to two miles above, it affords a body of farm land, which continues without any intervening hills to the bottom lands which spread out south and west from Rush Creek Lake, thus being connected with and being a part of the Rush Creek Valley in every respect, except that the southern part of it is so much depressed that the water, in seeking a level. flows south and finds its way into the Mad River channel. The same feature is notice-able at the head of the Marmon Valley, though to a less extent and with this difference, that instead of the upper part being cut off and isolated, it seems to extend beyond its proper limits, embracing a considerable extent of territory, whose caters flow into Otter Creels-as though the eastern portion of the valley had tilted out of its proper level, and left its waters to collect their fore;'s and break through the barrier of hills in the direction of East Liberty, and so find an outlet through the Mill Creek Valley. Another Reality of some interest is the highest point of land in the State of Ohio. It is on the farm of John G. Hoge, Esq., in the western part of the township, and a little south of the Jerusalem pike. It is not a rugged eminence towering away up above the neighboring hills, but, on the contrary, is a gentle elevation surrounded in all directions by high, rolling lands. It is easy of access and susceptible of cultivation, as is all the adjacent land. Its elevation is so slight above surrounding hills that its preeminence is only determined by actual measurement. Many other points of interest in the township are worthy of notice; among them Jerusalem Falls, on the farm of Abraham Elliott, south of the Jerusalem and West Mansfield turnpike, and Slate Hollow, nn the farm of Omar Brown, south of the Middleburg road, 392 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. both of which have become noted places of resort for picnics and pleasure parties. While a drive over almost any of the hill roads which traverse the township presents a frequent succession of charming and picturesque landscapes, remarkable at once for their variety and beauty-one of the most striking of which is suddenly revealed to the vision in driving from Jerusalem in the direction of West Mansfield-when near New Salem Church, on reaching the brow of an eminence, the whole eastern side of the county seems to be unveiled before the bewildered eye. From the best information to be derived from records accessible, Jefferson Township originally comprised, besides its present territory, that which constitutes Rush Creek, Monroe, Liberty, Union, Lake, Harrison, McArthur and Richland. Lake was struck off when the county was organized in 1818, embracing, probably, all of Harrison, McArthur and Richland. What constitutes Liberty, and probably Union, must. have belonged to Jefferson in February, 1821. The year following, Monroe was struck off; and as early as in 1829 - probably a year or two earlier-Rush Creek was organized, leaving the present boundaries, which are, on the north, Rush Creek; east, Perry; south, Monroe; and west, Lake and Liberty, which laps on Jefferson about one mile, extending that much further than Monroe. The township lies entirely within the Virginia Military Land District, comprising the principal part of some thirty-two surreys, with a greater or lesser portion of some ten or twelve others which lie principally in adjoining townships. It would puzzle the student of geometrical figures to describe or even to account for the existence of some of the anomalous outlines assumed by many of these surveys, only that the parties locating seemed to have consuming passions for irregularity; nor is this irregularity less noticeable in the number than in the outline. Without noting 842, a very small fraction of which lies within the northeast corner of the township, the first, or lowest number is 2,674, generally known as the Smith and Lyle lands, and the highest number is 13,593, which, strangely enough, joins it on the west for a considerable distance. After Thomas Holt's, No. 2,674; D. Bradford. No. 3,136; James Calderwood's, Nos. 3,137, 3,138, 3,139; Samuel Davis, 3,216, and Alexander Dandridge, 3,200, had keen surveyed and located, it would seem that the Greenville; treaty line was established, for the next surveys, in point of number embracing about two-fifths of the northern part of the township, were surveyed and located with reference to that line, though with a slight inclination to the right, which was doubtless the result of accident: Then commenced the process of gathering up the fragments found in the central and southern part of the townships. the result of which can only be comprehended by consulting the map. We only note, in conclusion, that survey 3,137 was first settled; No. 3,220 is the largest, ]s rectangular and is bounded by meridians, as is No. 4,447; No. 5,812 is the smallest, and No. 3,683 has within it, the highest point in the State of Ohio. The township is divided into ten school districts numbered from 1 to 5, and from 7 to 11- No, 6 being, for some cause, left blank, together with the Zanesfield Union School District : and a fractional district party in Jefferson and partly in Monroe, the school-house being in the former. The productions of the township are principally derived from the soil. The staples of export are chiefly wheat, corn, cattle, hogs and sheep, wool, green and dried apples, maple sugar and molasses, clover-seed, Mutter, eggs and poultry, black-walnut logs, and lumber have, for the last ten or twelve years, been exported extensively, and the general lumber HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 393 trade has not been inconsiderable. Flour and leather constitute the only manufactured articles worthy of mention as exports. Of the former article, the two excellent mills on the Mad River, near Zanesfield, have produced large quantities of brands that have been generally sought after in this and the adjoining counties. There has, however, been a alight falling off in the trade during the last year. In the manufacture of the patter article, the one tannery in Zanesfield has been doing a quiet, unpretending business, that has far exceeded the local demand; hence, a yearly export of a considerable amount of harness and upper-leather that has found a. market in the towns and villages of this and the adjoining counties. Amongst the articles produced more exclusively for home consumption may be enumerated hay, oats, beef, pork, mutton, almost all varieties of small fruit adapted to the climate, potatoes and garden vegetables generally; sweet potatoes have been raised for exportation to a considerable extent in former years, but of pate the demand in the immediate vicinity has about equaled the supply, There has been a considerable quantity of honey produced in the township, but the amount sold outside its limits has not probably been very great. As the productions of the township partake largely of the agricultural element, so the pursuits of the citizens are generally directed in that line, a large proportion of the laboring class being engaged in cultivating he soil. Of the remaining classes, we have of ministers, misters, who receive salaries as such, 3; physicians, 3; students of medicine, 3; merchants, druggist, 1; capitalists, 4; blacksmiths, 4; pump-dealers, 2; carpenters, 4; wagon-makers, 2; tanner, 1; millers, 2; masons and plasterers, 4; saddlers, 2; tinners, 1; general woodworkers, 2; merchant's clerks, ; shoemakers, 2; horse-dealers, 2; hotel-keeper, l; saloon-keeper, 1. Zanesfield is the only regularly laid out village in the township, and is located in the Mad River Valley, about midway of the township east and west, and about one-third of the distance from the south to the north end, on the original road from Urbana to Upper Sandusky, now known as the West Liberty, Zanesfield, and Rushsylvania Free Pike, where it is crossed by the road leading from Bellefontaine to Columbus. Jerusalem, three miles north of Zanesfield, on the Rushsylvania Pike, has formerly been a point of considerable trade, hawing a cabinet-shop and salesroom, a wagon-maker shop, blacksmith shop, a country store and grocery. At present it has only a post-office and family grocery. A fine, commodious Grange hall gives it considerable importance in the north end of the township. Of the origin of the name, and the history of the formation and organization of the township the records of the township and county are alike silent. The former was doubtless given in honor of the dried President of the United States. then in the zenith of his popularity, and the patter grew out of the requirements and necessities of the times. The earliest official record in reference to Jefferson Township is found on page 123 of a book purporting to be a volume of township records, and is as follows: "5th. .1t a meeting of the Trustees of Jefferson Township, Champaign County, Ohio, Isaac Zane, 2d, and Nathan Norton, present, January 1st (or possibly June 1st), 1816. Ordered, that Martin Marmon, Treasurer of said township, will receive of Jesse Stansberry all the notes and orders belonging to said township. "6th. At a meeting of the Trustees of Jefferson Township, on the 27th of July, 1816, Isaac Zane, 2nd, Nathan Norton and Joel Smith, judges of an election, in order to elect a Justice of the Peace in place of James 394 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. McPherson, Esq., resigned, James M. Reed was duly elected as a Justice of the Peace for Jefferson Township; then adjourned." And on the following page we find this item, which mar be of interest to teamsters. it is in the proceedings of a meeting of the Trustees held the 24th day of August, 1816. "Ordered, That each two-horse team, with fore wheels of a wagon, sled or plough, shall not be allowed more than 87 1/2 cents per day, and oxen at the same rate, four-horse or ox-team in proportion. " THOMAS THOMPSON, "Clk. pro tem "Signed. "ISAAC ZANE, "N. NORTON." By another entry on the same page, we learn that John Gunn was Township Clerk. But why these entries in the middle of the book? We are only left to suppose that the first and second pages, which are entirely ,one, bare been transcribed at a subsequent date. It is to be regretted that, as the record carries us lack so near the commencement, we cannot have an authentic account of the organization of the township and the election or appointment of its first officers. The records show, however, meagre as they are, that on Monday, the ; 7th of April, 1817, at an election; of which Joel Smith, Isaac Zane and Nathan Norton were Judges, and Ralph Lowe and George Krouskop, Jr., were Clerks, Martin Marmon was elected Treasurer; Solomon McColloch, James M. Workman, Isaac Zane, Trustees; George Krouskop, Clerk; Isaac Myers, Lister of Taxable Property; John Tillis, Jr:, William Reams, George Henry; Sr., Supervisors; John Conies, Henry Shaw, Constables; George McColloch, Thomas Dickinson, Fence Viewers; John Tillis, Sr., William Tharp, Overseers of the Poor. The latter would not serve, and Henry Pickrell was appointed in his place. Thomas Thompson was appointed House Appraiser, there having been none elected. Among the entries made on the record occurs the following, dated April 17, 1817: Ordered that John Collies, Constable, warn Eleanor Ward and her child to leave the town, or give security that she will no: become a township charge, likewise to warn David Reed to leave the township or give security that he would not become a township charge. It is not certain what Eleanor did, but David did not go for on the 2d day of March, 1818, the Trustees ordered that Martin Marmon bare an order to pay Dr. John D. Elbert $1 for visiting David Reed, and further, that Martin Marmon be allowed $12 for his attendance on said David Reed in his last sickness. In August, 1817, Lanson Curtis was elected Justice of the Peace, in place of Ralph Lowe, whose term of office had expired. From this it would seem probable that James McPherson and Ralph Lowe were the first Justices of the Peace, but of their election we have no official record. At the April election, in 1818, Thomas Sutherland and John Brown were succeeded by Solomon McColloch and Isaac Zane as Trustees, and at a meeting of the Trustees, held August 22d, it was ordered that Jarvis Daughherty be appointed Overseer of the Poor, in place of John Tillis; that Noah Z. McColloch be appointed Township Clerk, in place of George Krouskop, and that James Henry be appointed Constable, in place of James Hill, occasioned by a division of the township: This division here spoken of was doubtless the cutting off of Lake Township from Jefferson and its o organization, which probably took places about the time of the organization of the county in 1818. In confirmation of this the records show that, at a joint meeting of the Trustees of Jefferson and Lake held the lath of October following, Alexander Long and George Krouskop signed the record as Clerks. There is no record of Long's HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 395 appointment as Clerk, but his name is appended to records as Clerk as early as December 18, 1818. As Krouskop and Tillis both resided in what was constituted Lake township, it seems clear that Jefferson was the original township and that Lake was cut off from it. It is not so clear, however, what the original boundary was, and what part was cut off. What would seem most reasonable to suppose, is that the original boundary included Lake and Harrison, with Union and Liberty on the south, and McArthur and Richland on the north, and that this whole territory was cut off and constituted Lake Township. But in February, 1821, William Hopkins and David N orton were elected Justices of the Peace, in place of Israel Howell and Henry Robertson, the elec tion being held in Zanesfield. As it is certain Israel Howell lived for some time previous to this either on the Henry Secrist or on the Isaac Dille place, both of which are in Liberty Township, it would seem evident that part of the county was still within the jurisdiction of Jefferson Township From 1822, when Monroe Township was set off; and Hopkins and Norton, who were both within its limit, John Bishop acid Ralph Lowe held the office of Justice until 1825, then Alexander Long until 1832, when he was succeeded by Dr. James Crew and William Henry- until 1836. Dr. Crew held the office until 1841, when he was succeeded by L. P. Burton. Isaac G. Williams succeeded William Henry in April, 1836, and held the office until 1848, when he was succeeded by Samuel J. Crew. L. P. Burton left before his term expired and Charles Amy succeeded him, to be succeeded in turn by Dr. J. W. Johnson, probably in 1846. Johnson served until his death, in October, 1850. He was succeeded in April following by Daniel Cowgill. S. J. Crew served until April, 1854. Edward L. Carter and Amos Thompson were elected in April, 1854, and Asa Marmon and Thomas Elliott in April, 1857. Asa Marmon removed from the State and Joseph Robb was elected in October, 1857. Joseph Robb was succeeded in April, 1860, by Dr. Crew, and Thomas Elliott in April, 1863, by William Vance. B. S. Scott succeeded Dr. Crew in October, 1863, and Dr. Crew succeeded William Vance, who resigned in August, 1864. B. S. Scott's term expired in October, 1866; followed by Charles Rockwell in April, 1867. Dr. James Crew continued in office until his death in August, 1868; succeeded by his son, N. S. Crew, who served until his removal from the Stag in 1873. T. F. Pope was elected in April, 1870, and continued in office until his death in December, 1879. B. S. Scott was elected to N. S. Crew's vacancy in April, 1874, and served until April, 1880. Z. Laport and J. Slonecker were elected April 5, 1880. Among the names prominent as Trustees are-James M. Workman, Solomon MrCulloch, John Brown, Thomas Sutherland, John Smith, John Reed, Thomas Dickinson, Joshua Marmon, William Henry, Lot Garwood, Robert McCord, William McGee, Benjamin Smith, Johnson Patrick, of the olden time. The prominent Clerks were-George Krouskop, Jr., Alexander Long, Col. Martin Marmon (2), David L. Hunt, Charles Amy and John Mechem, while Martin Marmon, Sr.; had uninterrupted control of the treasury department from the organization of the township until 1841, and probably till near the close of his life. There is noting on record to indicate the political complexion of the township in its early history. From remarks of old residents, however, it is nearly certain that in days of the younger Adams his supporters were lamely in the majority. In 1840 the Whigs had a substantial majority; it is uncertain how large. After the formation of the Republican party, the Democrats were very frequently. in the ascendency for a number of years. Of late years the Republicans 396 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. have usually had majorities ranging from ten to forty. The vote usually polled is from 340 to 380. There are over 400 voters in the township. Of the early settlers in the township, Isaac Zane is considered to have been the first white man who resided within its limits. The time of his coming here must have been about the rear 1800. The first reliable information we have of him in connection with the history of the township dates from 1805 to 1811. In the latter year he resided in a hewed log house, standing on the premises now owned by Mrs. Lydia Daughherty, in Zanesfield. It is difficult to locate precisely, but it is a little north of where the barn stands, perhaps a little farther east, and it fronted very nearly in the same direction that the barn does. Its stone fireplace and chimney were built on the outside at the east end, and it had a porch on the south side, which was afterwards enclosed so as to make a sled-room. The location of this building was formerly a matter of some importance, as it was the starting point in describing the boundary of the James Calderwood Survey, N o. 3,137 Isaac Zane is said to have been a man of kind and amiable disposition, but having spent his youth in the forest and in the camp, he had little taste or qualification for the pursuits of civilization. His time was mostly devoted to hunting. He had three sons- William, Ebenezer and Isaac, the latter two of whom were intimately connected with the history of the township. He also had four daughters- Nancy, who married William McColloch (father of Judge Noah McColloch); who married James M. Reed; Sallie, who married Robert Armstrong, and Kitty, who married Maj. Alexander Long. It has been generally supposed that Isaac Zane received a patent from the government, for the land on which Zanesfield now stands, and divided it between his children. Such, however, was not the case. The history of the transaction is somewhat obscure, but is nearly this in substance: The government gave him a grant of two sections of land, probably prior to the ti me that Congress lands in Champaign and Logan Counties were surveyed. He, in the meantime, made choice of the present situation of Zanesfield, already the site of an Indian village and settlement, and settled on it. This was, probably. before the boundary of the Virginia Military Land District was established, as he expected in due time to obtain a patent for the land he occupied. About this time, Lucas Sullivant obtained from government, a patent for 1,800 acres of land to be located within the Virginia Military Land District, to be surveyed in the name of James Calderwood, and carne to the Mad River Valley, ostensibly on a hooting excursion. Here he spent a number of weeks, boarding; with Zane and accepting of his hospitality. Being himself, a practical surveyor suet having assistants associated with him, after satisfying himself in regard to the most desirable location, and making a calculation as to the required bearings and distances from the southwest corner of Zane's house, he secretly run the lines so as to establish the four corners of a lot, or tract of land 400 rods* square. On this tract he laid his patent for 1,000 acres in the name of James Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,137. Surveying 800 acres situated immediately south of this, he entered it in tie name of James Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,138. The government subsequently gave Zane a patent for two sections of land in Champaign County, one a little south of the present location of Kingston, and the otter a short distance north of Urbana, but he preferred remaining at Zanesfield. He subsequently purchased from Sullivant the entire parcel of land contained in tie two surveys, 3,137 and 3,138, but did not pay * This was the assumed dimensions of the survey; by actual measurement, is overrun 10 to 20 rods. HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 397 for it or obtain a deed for it during his life time. The survey, No. 3,137, appears to have been originally divided into six tracts extending across the survey east and west. The first commencing at the north was thirty three rods in width, and the remaining five were each about seventy-six and two-thirds rods wide. The first and second lay north of what is called Lowe's lane. The third, between that and the Bellefontaine road. The fourth extended to the line between S. L. Wonders and Mrs. Courter. The fifth, to the north line of land sold by Robert M Marmon's heirs to Benjamin Shaots and the sixth to the south line of the surrey. The second tract was conveyed by Sullivant to Isaac Zane, 2d, the third to Ebenezer Zane, the fourth to Alexander Long, the fifth to William Zane, and the sixth to Robert Armstrong, These conveyances seem to have been made by Sullivant during Zane's life time. Zane also purchased from Sullivant the tract known as Survey No. 3,138, selling 400 acres (the south half ) to Jarvis Daughherty, for $1,200. He paid the money received from Daughherty on the land, taking a title bond, he and his son-in-law, William McColloch, jointly binding themselves to obtain a deed and convey the premises to Daughherty. McColloch was killed in the war of 1812, and Zane failed to finish laving for the land during his lifetime, and after his death, which occurred is the latter part of 1819, it was feared that Daughherty could lose not only the money he had paid on the land, but the improvements he had made. To add to his misfortunes, his mind became so much impaired that he was scarcely capable of doing business. But through the intervention of friends, the sale of the lands in Champaign County was effected, the balance cane Sullivant was paid, and he made Daughherty a deed and conveyed the remainder of the land to Mrs. McColloch, and Mr. James M. Reed, or his heirs. The first described lot in Survey, No. 3,137, was conveyed by Sullivant's heirs to Isaac Zane, so late as February, 1833. Isaac Zane seems to have been a man of kind and genial disposition. His house was much frequented not only by friends, but by strangers who chanced to come that way, and who were ever welcome to his hospitality. Mrs. Cynthia Smith speaks of often visiting there in the days of her childhood and youth, and of the pleasant recollections of his kind ness and attention. And Mr. J. N. Dickinson recollects his funeral as the first one he ever attended. He was buried under the boughs of an apple-tree a few rods from his residence, on the premises now owned and occupied be Mr. Ira Brown. No stone marks his resting-place, though it is very nearly indicated by a young apple-tree which grows within a few feet of the spot. The improvements made on Survey No. 3,137 were nearly as follows: Isaac Zane, 2d, improved that portion of tract Nos. 1 and 2, lying west of the Sandusky road, and after his death it passed into the possession of Dr. James S. Robb. East of the road, Joshua Folsom purchased thirty acres on the north, and John Bishop and Daniel Butler made the principal improvements on the remainder, the former where T. E. Pennock lives, the latter further east. Of tract No. 3, Lanson purchased the south half west of the road. The north was parceled out to various persons. The greater part of the tract is now owned by Oliver Fawcett. Ebenezer Zane settled east of the road where John McCormick resides, and parceled his land out in small tracts to numerous individuals - John Bishop, Jonathan, Thomas, Daniel Cowgill, Benjamin Smith and others. Alexander Long settled on tract N o. 4: laid out the village of Zanesfield, consisting of twenty-four lots, sold the part east of Mad River, with a part between the village and 398 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. the river, to Isaac Rea, who sold it to Simon Kenton, who in turn sold it to Benjamin Smith. It is now principally owned be S. L. Wonders. On this place Simon Kenton lived for a number of years, and near this was the scene of some of his terrible adventures with his savage foes. Of tract No. 5, Lanson Curtis purchased, in 1819, all east of the silting branch running through the prairie, except a small strip at the east end, sold to Martin Marmon, The west end came into the possessions of Robert Armstrong, who built a two-story brick house near where Mrs. Knight resoles. Armstrong became bankrupt before finishing his house, and the farm was sold at sheriff's sale, and subsequently came into the possession of Zane McColloch. In the year 1834, Benjamin Smith bought the house, pulled. down the walls, and of the brick built the house occupied by Oren Outland. Tract No. 6 was purchased by Martin Marmon, who sold the part west of the spring branch to his son, Robert M. Marmon. Lucas Sullivant also obtained a patent for James Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,139, containing 1,500 acres, and sold it to Simon Hadley, who sold it again to Joseph Garwood, taking a mortgage to secure deferred payments. His son, Jesse, built a cabin and made some improvements near the grassy hillside, on the east bank of Sugar Creek, in the southeast part of the survey. Another son, Nimrod, settled on the left-hand side of the Harper road, near the head of the mill-pond, while his son-in-law, Thomas McRay, settled where Edward H. Knight lives. Garwood failed, however, to pay for the land; the mortgage was foreclosed by Rennick and his administrators, typo purchased the land at sheriff 3 sale, and sold it to Joshua Folsom, who commenced improving in the year 1830. Previous to his death, in 1840, he divided his land between his three sons, giving his eldest son, George, 491 acres in the northwest corner; to his youngest son, Charles, the homestead, consisting of 630 acres, and to Henry, his second son, the remainder. Next to Isaac Zane, it is most probable the Marmons-Robert, Martin and Samuel three brothers, from North Carolina-were the earliest white settlers coming in 1805. Robert settled on the farm on which his son, Joshua, resided for many years, and which he sold some years ago to Omar Brown. He probably purchased, in addition to the tract he settled on, all of Samuel Davis' Survey, No. 3,216, selling to Henry Newsom 105 acres off the east end, to Aaron Brown 150 acres next to his son, Peter, the farm owned by John D. Elliott, and to his brother, Martin, the farm owned by David Springate, where he lived until his death. Samuel settled at the south side of the valley, in James Galloway's Survey, N o. 3,718, where he spent the remainder of his life. His farm is now owned by Omar Brown. The Marmons were men of marked influence in the early settlement and improvement of the. country. They were members of the Society of Friends, and it is probable that it was in this sphere that Robert was most influential. Quiet and unobtrusive in his deportment, orderly in his daily walk, and liberal in his hospitality, he contributed largely to the encouragement and assistance of those less fortunate than himself. His son, Joshua Marmon, perhaps as well and widely known as any man who ever lived in the township, married about the year 1823, lived at the old homestead and took care of his father and mother during their declining years. He was intimately connected with the political piston of the township, having served as Trustee probably oftener than any one that ever lived in it. In politics he was radically and enthusiastically a Republican in late years, as he was formerly a Whig. But notwithstanding his strong party predilections, HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 399 which sometimes amounted almost to bitterness, such was his genial nature and humor that he was highly esteemed even by his political opponents. He sold his home in 1871, where he had spent sixty-five years ears of his life, and removed to Iowa, where he resided with his son until his death on the 7th of last December. Richmond and Peter, elder sons of Robert Marmon, removed to the State of Michigan over fifty years ago. They are both deceased. Mrs. Jarvis Daughherty - mother of William and Zaccheus the only daughter, died some thirty years ago. Martin Marmon, who, as already remarked, settled where Mr. Springate lines, was much more intimately y connected with the organization, growth and development of both the township and county than either of his brothers. Being a man of good business qualifications, and supplied with an inexhaustible store of humor and hilarity, his services and his social intercourse were alike ever in demand. And these good qualities were supplemented by a kind and sympathizing nature. that ever prompted him to relieve the wants of those who were in poverty or distress. In illustration of this, it is related by one who knew him well, that at a time near fifty years ago, during the first settlement of the northerly wart of this and the adjoining county of Hardin, breadstuff became so scarce as to cause absolute suffering, bordering on to starvation, many families being not only without grain, but destitute of any means to procure it. Fortunately, alike for himself and for humanity, he had a large supply of corn, which was greatly in demand. When called on for breadstuff, said our informant, the first question asked was, "Have you any money?'' If answered in the affirmative, he was kindly informed of other places where his wants could be supplied. But if in the negative, he was promptly furnished with a Grist of corn and sent on his way rejoicing. And in speaking of it afterwards, the old man exultingly exclaimed, not a single man whose wants had keen thus relieved failed to pay him so soon as his ability permitted him to do so. In addition to serving twenty-five years in succession as Township Treasurer, he was the first County Treasurer sorting four tears in succession, while in the settlement of estates and transaction of other business where ability, tact and responsibility were required, his services were ever in demand. Of his sons, James W. will be noticed in the proper place as a physician. Robert M. married, settled and shed in Zanesfield about thirty years ago. Samuel died perhaps ten years earlier, while Henry W., still living on his farm, has attained to a good old age. He is quite feeble in health, and of hate years has suffered much from a cancerous affection. Of his daughters, Hannah married Zaccheus Brown, died 18--. Susan married Henry Cowgill father of Speaker Cowgill, of the Ohio House of Representatives; survives her husband. Polly died in Zanesfield many years ago. Susan, the youngest, married David Brown in 1844, and died a few months afterward. Samuel had one son, Martin, and one daughter who married Jeremiah Reams. Martin was a Colonel of militia, and was Sheriff of Logan County from 1835 to 1839. He acquired considerable property, but lost it dealing in stock. He removed to Hardin County, where several of his soul still live. About the tune the Marmons came, and perhaps with and from the same place, William Reams came, brining with him nine sons and one daughter, whose offspring have contributed to the population of this as well as one or two counties in Michigan. Of the father of the family, we learn but little except that from the organization of the township up to 1830 he scarcely ever failed to be elected Supervisor. He settled somewhere near Rush 400 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Creek Lake, probably where his youngest son, John Reams, now lives. Caleb, his second son, made the first improvement on the farm, on which he resided till near the close of his life. It is in James Galloway's Survey, No. 3,718, and is now owned by Josiah Reams. Jeremiah, the third son, made the first improvement on the farm where he now resides with his son, Martin M. Reams. The situation has been remarked for the fine view it affords of the beautiful valley spread out before it. Silas, the fourth son, commenced the first improvement where Hezekiah J. Reams lives, but emigrated rated to Michigan at an early day, together with a large number of the connections, settling in what is now Cass County. Aaron Brown bought of Robert Marmon in 1818. He was from North Carolina, and came north in the year 1800, stopping a short time at Redstone (now Brownsville) on the Monongahela, thence to Short Creek in Jefferson County, Oho, where he remained until he bought the farm in the Marmon Valley, on which he lived until his death, in 1840. Before leaving North Carolina, he married Anna; fourth daughter of Dr. Benjamin Stanton, and sister of (afterwards) Dr. David Stanton, of Steubenville, who was father of Secretary Edwin M. Stanton. He, with his family, belonged to the Society of Friends, and, in common with the large family connection who came north near the same time came partly to find a more fertile and productive soil, which could then be cheaply purchased, and more especially to give freedom to the slaves which belonged, by inheritance, to the family, and to escape the blighting influence of slavery. On coming to Loan County, it is probable that he first lived in a cabin just at the ascent of the hill at the north side of the valley, near the west line of the land formerly occupied by his brother, John Brown. Possessing great energy and activity, and blessed with a robust family of sons, he soon cleared and brought under cultivation the fertile land lying in the valley, and before he had lived on the place eight years ears he erected the very comfortable two-story brick dwelling in which he resided the remainder of his life, and in which his grandson, Thomas S. Brown, lives at the present time. He was a man of excellent business qualifications and habits, though it would not seem that he ever aspired to office, as his name is rarely found in the township records, but being a good scribe, an accomplishment hr no means universal or even common, and possessing ready business tact and forethought, with general intelligence and pleasing address, he was well known and respected throughout the county. His wife was an excellent woman. She was respected for her sterling common-sense, and loved for her kindness and gentleness. An old colored man who knew much of her private life not inaptly described her as a great big bundle of love. And truly her affections and sympathy were freely bestowed on all, especially on those in sorrow and affliction. She survived her husband, dying in 1852. Aaron Brown had six sons, the children of his second wife, besides one Horton H. Brown, by a former wife, of whom we shall speak in another place. Of the second set of children, Dr. B. S. Brown, the eldest, will doubtless occupy a prominent place in the medical department of this history. Zaccheus married Hannah Marmon, and settled in Hadley's Bottom, on the road to N orth Greenfield. Ira married Rebecca Rea; died young, leaving two children, one of whom, a daughter, died in youth; the other, Ezra Brown, is one of the prominent farmers of the township, living near the upper end of Marmon Valley. Asa, the fourth son, married Hannah Sands, and settled, about the year 1838, in the north part of the township, in Survey No. 3,437, on a farm now owned by Cyrus Wickersham. James, the fifth son, HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 401 rnarried Elizabeth Willis, and settled on and cleared up the farm at present owned by George D. Adams, where he lived till about the year 1859, when he removed to Iowa, where he first settled in Warren County and afterwards in O'Brien, where he still resides. David, the sixth son, married, about two years after the death of his father, Susanna Marmon. Both died in less than two years after their marriage. The daughters were- Mary, who lost the use of one of her feet in childhood; she survived both of her parents, making her home at the residence of her youngest sister, at whose residence she died in the year 1862. Anne, the second, who became the second wife of John Outland. of Perry Township, and died in 186-. Martha, the third, who died single, at about the age of 28, and Elma, the youngest, who was married to Edward Kenton in 1845, and who now resides with her husband and three youngest children in LaPorte County, Ind. The girls were bright cud intelligent, and partook largely of the amiable qualities of their mother. Among the carp settlers of Marmon Valley the name of Henry Newsom (colored) is worthy of mention. He also, was from North Carolina, but was never held in slavery. He came at an early day, purchasing before Aaron Brown. He was well respected for his quiet demeanor and general upright character. His grandson Darius Newsom, is one of the leading colored teachers of the county. The farm he settled on is now owned by Mrs. Ellen Coram. John Taylor settled next, east of Newsom, in Survey No. 4,661. His wife was a Stanton, aunt of Hon. Benjamin Stanton. He died in early life, leaving three children-Benjamin S., who married Martha Outland; Mary, who married Lemuel Watkins, and Sarah Ann, first wife of John Outland. After his death, his widow married Edmund Marmon, and had three children-Joseph, Martha and Amos P. Marmon, all of whom married and settled outside of the township. After his mother's death, Benjamin occupied the farm during his lifetime, succeeded be his youngest son, Aaron Tudor, one of the leading farmers of the township. Benjamin Zane made the first improvement where Albert Jacobs lines, selling to Reuben Watkins in 1830, who died in 1835, leaving his farm to Joel, his youngest son, who married Margaret Fowler, now Mrs. Jacobs. George Witcraft settled where Elwood Brown lines, succeeded by his son, John; John D. Elliott, and finally by the present owner. In the division of the John Taylor estate, that part south of the road fell to Lemuel Watkins, who, about the year 1828, commenced improving the farm on which Ezra Brown resides, first building a cabin down in the bottom west of the present dwelling. Peter Marmon, Joshua's brother, made the first improvement where John D. Elliott lines. It was afterwards owned by Dr. J. W. Marmon, and later be Joseph James. Col. Martin Marmon made the improvement on the Hannah Watkins, farm, now owned by S. P, Strong, and Ben Benjamin Watkins improved the farm on top of the hill south of Josiah Peeble's residence. Daniel Butler, whose wife was a sister of Reuben Watkins, as was Martin Marmon' wife, came about the same time of the Marmons, perhaps later; bought of Isaac Zane a small tract of land, so described as to include the mill privilege, where the Baldwin mill is It does not appear that he ever used the mill seat. He built a house, and lined a little north of where the mill stands until about 1833 , when he sold to Daniel Hunt, and bought the McAtee farm, now owned by W. J Lyle, then unimproved. John Bishop bought immediately west of him, and made improvements, where T. E. Pennock now lives. In the year 1811, Joseph Dickinson came from Virginia. He lived two years in 402 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. a cabin standing where Oren Outland's house now is, in Zanesfield, and after that, one year near Bellefontaine. He then bought of Simon Kenton 160 acres in the southeast corner of Survey No. 3,439, and commenced improving, where J. W. Easton lives. After eighteen months, he learned that Kenton's title to the land was worthless. He fortunately recovered back his purchase money, but last his labor in improving the land. He then bought of James Catlet 125 acres in Dandridge's Survey N o. 3,220, where John H. Dickinson now resides. Shortly after this, Lot Garwood bought immediately east in the save survey, and made improvements, where James K. Abraham lines; and about the year 1822, James and Archibald Walker, from Dan River, in Virginia, settled immediately south. The land owned by the former is attached to the John H. Dickinson farm. Edward Mason came from Kentucky a rear or two earlier. He owned a large body of land in the southwest corner of the surrey, and settled where his son-in-law, Jesse T. Grubbs, lives. Farther east in the same survey, George Henry, Sr., and his son, William, bought 100 acres, about the year 1811, the former building on the south half, now owned by Isaac Rogers, but pretty well to the east end of the farm, and the latter on the north half, where N Newton Garwood lives. Abraham Painter bought 100 acres next north, and built where Phillip Crouse lives. James Henry and Samuel J. Costin bought the 100 acres next north of Painter's, the former taking the part south, and the latter the part north of the Bellefontaine road. The 100 acres north of this remained unimproved until 1831, when Justus Cooper bought it and improved it. The 100 acres in the southeast corner of the survey was conveyed by Gen. McArthur to Robert Armstrong for showing the head spring of the Scioto River, thereby securing an addition of many thousands of acres of land to the Virginia Military Surveys, over and above what was included by the Ludlow Line. Of this 100 acres, William got a part, and Redwood Easton a part. It is not certain where the former built, but the latter down in the hollow south of where Mr. DeWitt lives. Isaac, after selling his little farm, east of Mad River, to Parkinson and Kenton, bought 100 acres next north of this, and subsequently acquired the principal part of this. also. Jonathan Summer bought 100 acres north of this, about 1816, where he instituted a primitive tannery on a small scale-the first in the township, possibly in the county. He afterwards sold to Justus Cooper, and he, in 1830, to Joshua Scott. West of the Dandridge Survey, George Krouskop, father of David Krouskop, settled on the end now the William McBeth farm, and Thomas Wilkinson built a mill on McKee's Creek, as early as 1809, which was in running condition in 1835. South of Zanesfield, Solomon McCoIloch, settled where Mrs. Lydia Daughherty lives in Survey No. 4,957 , and west of that George McColloch settled, where he still lives with his son, in Survey No. 6,449; and north of that, in the same survey, his brother-in-law, Robert Breese, made the first improvement. East of that on Tharp's Run, William Tharp settled, where William Bishop ]ices, and north of that, in the same Survey, \o. 6,447, Daniel Grubbs made the first improvement: In the north of the township, one of the first settlers was John G. Parkinson, who settled on the old Moses Brown plane, east from New Salem Chapel, in 1816. He did not remain long, being soon succeeded by Brown. He then settled on the Thomas Wickersham place, north of Jerusalem. Gen. Simon Kenton settled on the Lingrel place, at Jerusalem, but whether Lingrel immediately succeeded him or not is uncertain. To the westward, near the lake, Haines HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 403 Parker settled on the Shaots place. Dunston and Stephen Leas settled on the south and west of him, and still further west, McCoy made improvements: McCormick, the McCoids and John Easton, further south on the waters of Mad River, followed latter by Joel Henry, Daniel Antrim and Robert Dickinson, who settled on the farm owned by Benjamin Plummer. On the East Liberty road, Thomas Dickinson made the fiat improvements on the western part of the farm owned by Benjamin Knight. The eastern part was improved by James Monroe, who bought it of Gen. McArthur on the following terms : Having obtained a title bond, on making a small payment on the land, he assisted McArthur as chainman in a pretty extensive job of surveying and being in possession of a fine young mare (worth then, perhaps, $30 or $40) McArthur proposed to him that if he would carve his instruments home and let him have the mare, he would make him a deed for the land. The President, as McArthur always called him, accepted the offer, and they started. Getting as far as London, the General met with some of his old comrades, and became quite convivial. James, naturally anxious to have the, to him, important matter consummated, remonstrated against further delay, to which the General responded: "Never mind, President, you are making good wages." In due time, however, the President prevailed on the General to resume their journey, and, arriving at their destination, the latter fulfilled his promise, and the President, shouldering his saddle, wended his way back to Loan County, a harpy man, if not a wealthy one, and the possessor of a warranty deed for 80 acres of land and a saddle. It would be an interesting story, if we could describe the hardships and adventures connected with the journeyings of the sturdy pioneer from his far-off home in the Carolinas or Virginia, or Pennsylvania, or the bleak hillsides of New England, to this new, strange land of promise. But, unfortunately, the material from which to weave this strange. romantic story is difficult of access. Our fathers wrote their history on the forest and the hillside and in the fertile valley, in which, if they did not cause the "wilderness to blossom as a rose," they did compel the hitherto uncultivated soil to contribute its rich treasure to the sustenance and comfort of their dependent loved ones. They came and found a forest; they stamped upon it the trade-mark of civilization and left, forgetting to chronicle their achievements. We cannot tell how Robert and Martin Marmon gathered up their effects on the Roanoke, or where they scaled the mountains, or how they succeeded in penetrating the intricacies of the wilderness, or what were the incidents of their journey. These would have been interesting facts, that a few rears ago might harp been garnered up, but then their value was not appreciated: It is probable that the Marmons and Outlands and Reamses and Butlers, coming from .the interior of the Old North State, crossed the mountains in Virginia, and reached the Ohio through the Kanawha Valley. While Aaron Brown and his large family connexion, coming from the region of Pamlico Sound, embarked at Beaufort for Baltimore, and from there came in wagons, possibly be way of Cumberland, but more likely by way of Chambersburg, in Pennsylvania to Brownsville, the Masons came from Kentucky, probably crossing the Ohio in the region of Marysville, and it is altogether likely that the Walkers came from Virginia by way of Kentucky. The Lowes came from North Carolina, coming either by way of West Virginia or Kentucky, Mrs. Lowe making the entire trip on foot, in company with the wagon that conveyed their goods. Having penetrated the wilderness and selected a stopping place, the first want that 404 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. claimed the attention of the settler, premising that he was in possession of clothing to supply his present want, and food to appease the demand of hunger, was a shelter for his family and his goods. To enable him to supply this want, nature had made a bounteous provision in the ;neat variety and apparently inexhaustible supply of timber with which the hills and callers abounded. This want supplied, the next that would naturally present itself would he meat and breadstuff, to replenish the constantly diminishing store, For the former he might, with some degree of assurance look to the forest for an abundant supply, and for the latter he might trust the fertile soil as soon as it could be reclaimed from a state of nature, and brought under cultivation. But the production of grain for bread suggested another necessity which was not overlooked the erection of mills. As already noticed, Thomas Wilkinson built a mill on McKee's Creek as early as 1809. This was certainly the first ever built in the township, and, in fact, the only one until so late as 1836, notwithstanding the several fine mill sites found within its limits. Previous to this, however, perhaps about 1805, the Garwoods came from Virginia and settled on Otter Creek, at the present location of East Liberty, and immediately set about the construction of a mill, which, however primitive in its character, was an important factor in supplying the wants of the people at that early time. Afterwards, but at a still early day, George Moots built a mill on Mad River, in Monroe Township, which did superior work, and which continued to supply the farmers of Jefferson Township to a very great extent until the very excellent mills near Zanesfield were built, thirty to forty years ago. The increase of population developed new want, which in turn were redressed by the ingenuity and indefatigable industry of the sturdy men and kind-hearted women that came to develop the resources of a new country, and provide homes For a future prosperous people. It is difficult to tell how early sheep were brought into the country. It was doubtless a hazardous undertaking to protect them from the wild animals that infested the country. And yet, as wool was required to supply one of the settlers' most anent wants, it is reasonable to conclude that sheep were introduced at a very early period in the history of the settlement of the township. And this conclusion is confirmed by the stories which our pioneers tell of the use of the hand-cards long before the introduction of wool carding machinery, when it is remembered that fifty years ago wool carding machines were old institutions in the country. In this important branch of industry, however, Jefferson Township has been dependent on other localities. It was not until between thirty and forty years ago that a carding machine was established in the township, and that did not prove a success. The cultivation of flax being an important item of domestic economy, was not overlooked, and a thrifty family might provide every article necessary to clothe a person comfortably, except shoes and hats, and even the latter might be improvised from braided straw. The first effort at tanning leather, as can be learned, was about the year 1816, when Jonathan Sumner started up a little tannery on Goose Creek, about forty or fifty rods north of the Bellefontaine. pike. This was an insignificant affair and never amounted to much, though the remains were yet to be seen in 1830. Benjamin Smith started a tannery in Zanesfield in 1830 with such fixtures as to enable him to do excellent work, of which mention will be made in another place. The mercantile business, so far as we can learn, was first represented by Lanson Curtis, who seems to have commenced trade on a small scale at Zanesfield, soon after the close of the war of 1812. NO PAGES 405 & 406 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 407 Social intercourse seems to hate been encouraged then as well as in later years, not only in gatherings, in which the men and women, both old and young, met together and shared each other's labor, and the interchange of visits between neighbors of the same vicinity: but a friendly intercourse was kept up between the various neighborhoods. Many of the early settlements had been made up, to a considerable extent, by Quakers or persons of Quaker origin anti sympathies coming from different States and localities, and hence the encouragement given to social intercourse between the various groups situated at Darby and in the Beechwoods (by which was understood all that indefinite region about Garwood's Mills and beyond, and also on King's s (Creek in Champaign). It should not be understood that the social relations were restricted to any sect or denomination. It there were not as strong ties of sympathy between the various church organizations. as seen to exist at present, still a difference of religious belief was not a bar to friendly intercourse. Social customs bare changed materially since the first settlement of this country, and yet the change has, for the most part, resulted from a change of surrounding circumstances. In regard to marriages, one of our county papers has recently published a list of marriages, as returned to the Clerk's office, from the organization of the county, showing that in the early history of the county those married by a minister were the exception, while for the last ten or fifteen years in Jefferson Township scarcely twice that many marriages have been solemnized by magistrates. Another custom in reference to marriage fifty years ago: It would have been in violation of all rules of propriety for a bride to hare appeared at the altar, or anywhere in public after marriage, without her head being incased in an elaborate cap. Sixty years ago it was not an event to occasion any remark for young ladies to walk five, six or eight miles to attend a religious meeting, or make a social visit, while to ride on horseback behind her brother or a gentleman friend was a thing so common as to occasion no surprise. Customs have changed as much in regard to travel, perhaps, as in anything else, The Hon. Benjamin Stanton returned with his wife from a visit to his former home in Jefferson County, a short time after commencing the practice of law in Bellefontaine, traveling in a one-horse wagon-then usually called a "carryall." It was innocent of any top or covering and had only such springs as were constructed of wooden bars, and yet no one suspected him of compromising his dignity. In 1830 there were not more than four covered carriages in Jefferson Township, and only two of them had springs. Steel springs in their present form were then unknown; the only carriages making any pretentious to ease and elegance were hung on thoroughbraces on the principle of the old-fashioned mail-coach, though differing materially in construction, Hearses were unknown, when Abraham Painter died, one of his neighbors sent his son with one of those old-fashioned wagons with a bed curving up before and behind, and a three-horse team, the driver riding the saddle horse, and driving the lead horse with a single line, to convey the corpse to its last resting-place, while a few men and boys were seated promiscuously in the wagon around the coffin. And nobody's sensibility was shocked, and all was regarded as being done with due respect to the solemnity of the occasion, while if a looking-glass had been left in the residence; of the deceased, without its face being turned to the wall, it would have been regarded as something entirely unbecoming. As carriages were almost unknown, it was usually customary for the family of the deceased to follow the remains to the grave on horseback. Among the Friends it was customary to 408 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. solemnize marriage at the church, after which the wedding guests, preceded by the bride and groom, rode on horseback to the residence of the bride, sometimes constituting an imposing cavalcade; and that was not infrequently the occasion of some envious or malicious scalawag setting up a pair of paddies in some conspicuous place by the roadside as a token of derision towards the parties. As the locality had long been a favorite resort with the Indians, they were naturally intimately connected with its history. After the surrender of Gen. Hull at the River Raisin, large numbers of friendly Indians in the northern part of the county fled panic stricken, and threw themselves on the protection of the government. It is said about 500 of these were brought in to the vicinity of Zanesfield and cared for by the authorities. The feeling of danger, which was real, was constantly being excited, enhanced by false alarms and exaggerated reports. In illustration, it is said that Esquire McCoid, of Urbana, then holding a Captain's commission in the volunteer service, with his command had charge of a party of friendly Indians, bringing them southward, and finding some of them tardy, or their sense of danger not being equal to his, he promised one of the Indians a dollar to secrete himself in the rear, and fire his gun and give two or three Indian war-whoops. The ruse had effect, and more; for it is said that one of the command, happening to be isolated from the rest, became so overcome with the sense of danger that he ran as far as Columbus, the first white settlement he chanced to strike, with the startling news that McCoid's command was entirely cut to pieces and he alone was left alive to tell the story. The Indians, though not hostile, being entirely unused to the restraints of civilized life, were a constant source of anxiety and annoyance to the few scattered settlers. The braves as well as the squaws would visit the cupboard or the larder without waiting for an invitation, or realizing any sense of impropriety or want of etiquette. Sometimes their visits were exceedingly ill timed and mortifying. While Joseph Dickison; lived in Zanesfield, on his first coming to the county, his Excellency Gov. Meigs visited Zanesfield with his staff for the purpose of inspecting the blockhouses and other defenses of the post. It was resolved to make his visit the occasion of a grand reception and Grandmother Dickinson, than whom none knew better how to spread an excellent repast, was charged with the duty of providing for the creature comforts of the Governor and his attendants. The arrangements bade fair to all be carried out in good order. The soldiers belonging to the blockhouse; with the armed Indians, were drawn up in line, and received their distinguished visitor with a grand salute, whose echoes rolled down the valleys, bringing a horseman in hot haste from the extreme south end of the county, supposing the post had suffered an attack from the enemy. But what was the mortification of our excellent hostess to be compelled, while his Excellency was making his round of inspection, to observe the imperturbable braves from time to time gravely enter her cabin and unceremoniously appropriate such of the viands as suited their fancy until, when the hour arrived for her honored guests to dine, there was nothing left but such scraps as the dignified red men had deemed unworthy of their attention. With the return of peace, and the location of the Wyandot Indians on their reserve near Upper Sandusky, they began gradually to disappear, until, in 1830, there were only four families connected with them in the reserve, and three of thorn were assimilated with the white, and in fact all of them attended school, and made some progress in learning. In the summer of that year they HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 409 were seen in great numbers, for the last time. in the streets of Zanesfield. It was on the occasion of a camp-meeting held in Union Township, and they passed this way going and returning. They rode ponies, and the squaws-many of whom carried papooses on their shoulders, secured by their shawls in some peculiar manner-presented a strange, e, fantastic appearance. Jefferson Township has been comparatively free from murders, suicides, or accidents resulting in death. A few cases of the .latter have occurred, of which we can only call to mind the following: In the summer of 1848, Nathan Walton was killed at the steam saw-mill north of Jerusalem, by the saw coming in contact with a handspike with which he was attempting to steady the log. In December, 1850, Edwin Michener was crushed by a stone which he was attempting to bury, Having made am excavation by the side and partly under the stone, and being unable to roll it in, he got down and commenced to dig further under the stone, when it rolled upon him, crushing him so that he died in a few hours. About the year 1851, Jeremiah Grimes, a young man, residing with his parents on the Sandusky road, just south of the township line, was killed by the falling of a limb, while cutting down timber in the woods. In the spring of 1864, Milton, son of Mr. George Corwin, living in the north part of the township, was fatally injured in the following manner: He had hitched his horse to a rail in the fence, and, going to hint, the horse scared, and, pulling back, jerked the rail out of the fence, which struck him, producing injuries resulting in death in a few days. In March, 1879, Isaac Rudasill received a fatal injury from being thrown from a horse. In company with two other young men, he was returning from Zanesfield to his home, near Walnut Grove. When near Frank Myers', a mile south of Jerusalem, they got to running their horses, when Rudail's horse slipped and fell, throwing him on the road with such violence as to produce concussion of the brain, resulting in death the following day. On the 20th of July, 1880, Enoch M. Scott, a farmer, 70 years old, living near the head of Marmon's Valley, was returning from Zanesfield with a two-horse wagon and a spring wagon hitched behind it. On the road, his horses frightened, and became unmanageable. Running out on the road, they struck a log, which threw him off the wagon. Attempting to rise, the spring wagon knocked him down, and, running over him, bruised and mangled him in a most shocking manner, causing death after about forty-eight hours of intense suffering. Thomas Thompson, who was the first Auditor and the first Recorder of Logan County, was one of the leading men in the early history of Jefferson Township. He was distinguished as one of the best scribes that ever held office in the county. He lived on the Urbana road, beyond the State bridge, and hence belonged to Monroe Township, after that was organized. John Brown, one of the Trustees in 1848, and several subsequent years, was a brother of Aaron Brown, and lived on his farm, and afterwards on Peter Marmon's, who was his son-in-law. He removed to Michigan about 1824. Ralph Lowe came from North Carolina at a very early date; was one of the first two Justices of the Peace, his first term expiring in March, 1818. He resided for awhile near the old saw-mill, one-half mile south of Zanesfield He bought 100 acres of land lying immediately north of New Salem Church, on which he settled, and where he lived till 1866, when he sold, and bought a house and lot near Zanesfield, where he lived until his death, in the year 1872. 410 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. Lot Garwood was a prominent farmer, settling at an early date on the farm now owned by J. H. Abraham. He was a brother to Levi Garwood, one of the Associate Judges of Loan Common Pleas Court He frequently held the office of Township Trustee. David Krouskop, for many years a Township Trustee, was born in the township, or moved into it with his parents in early youth; frequently held the office of Infirmary Director; removed to Lake Township about the year 1866. Samuel Hyde Saunders was a man of many peculiarities, one of which was a mania for building all of his enclosures in the form of a hexagon, which gained him the appellation of Hexagon Saunders. He was the proprietor of S. H. Saunders' Surveys, Nos. 12,563 and 13,076, and besides the tract constituting the farm of Lemuel Watkins. It was here that he attempted to elaborate some of his peculiar ideas. In 1830 he was entirely carried away with the project of raising silk-worms and producing silk. For this purpose he had cleared quite a little patch, and denoted it to the culture of Chinese mulberries, for the leaves on which to feed his worms. These he had arranged on shelves around the walls of his six-sided little shanty. During the feeding season which commenced as soon as the leaves, which were of a rapid and luxuriant growth, attained a sufficient size, after they had spun their cocoon, he used sometimes to come to town with a parcel of them in a basket and stop at the horse of some acquaintance to reel the silk. It was a curious though simple process. He was the first to instruct the housewives of the community in the manufacture of tomato catsup, then supposed to be the only use to which the tomato was adapted. He was a man of extensive information, and fond of company, though living entirely alone. Zane McColloch was a favorite associate, and they spent many hours on the common, engaged in the old English amusement of shuttlecock. One or two seasons, however, seemed to satisfy "his curiosity in the silk-worm business," for be soon after disappeared. It is probable that he joined his family, who, for some cause or other, never lined in this vicinity. He died not many years after leaving here. Tom Hale was another peculiar character, though of a different type. He was remarkable for his ingenuity, which seemed to take the direction of looms and weaving. He had formerly lined in the eastern part of t he State, and had sojourned awhile is the State Capital somewhat unwillingly. his visit heir. occasioned hr the peculiar views he entertained about the ownership of some bacon. A history of Jefferson Township would be incomplete without a brief mention of the colored population. The township being settled to a considerable. extent by Friends, or Quakers, from North Carolina and Virginia it is natural drat it should be regarded: as an attractive stopping-place by an oppressed race, who were justified in regarding them a: friends. Hence, from its earliest history it has keen the abode of a very considerable number of 'colored people. The number however, has latterly been declining, until a' present it consists of but one family and per harps two or three transient sojourners. Henry Newsom, John Newsom, and Kinchen Artes were among the first to come followed hr Tabarns, Byrds, Wades, Waldens, Stewarts, Allens, Ashes, Madrys, Mar rings and others, until, from 1840 to 1850, they constituted a very considerable element it the population of the township. About the year 1849, the Newlin family, consisting o some forty men, women and children, came from Carolina. They were directly from state of slavery, baying been manumitted b; their master by will. As a class, they were much inferior to the colored people hitherto HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 411 in the country, being sadly addicted to the use of intoxicating drinks. Before this time, however, the colored people had begun to leave in considerable numbers, going at first to Mercer County, about the time of the building; of the Saint Mary's reservoir, and later to Cass County, Mich., and more recently still to Paulding County. Many of them Mace acquired a considerable amount of property and become Mood, intelligent citizens, while others, less energetic and provident, have made little or no advancement. They have usually shown a commendable spirit in reference to education. Solomon Day, Esq., Principal of the colored schools of Dayton, was raised principally in Jefferson Township. Micajah Dimry, who was the first colored juror of Ohio, came from North Carolina, in 1831, and has resided in Jefferson Township ever since. Though not in affluent circumstances, he owns a good farm, which he has acquired sine he came to Ohio. It is difficult to state who hunt or owned the first saw-mill in the township, or at what precise time. It is probable that it was built before the war of 1812, for it was abandoned as early as 1820, and in 1830 only a few vestiges of the ruins remained. The most remarkable feature about it was the race, which was nearly or quite a mile in length, commencing on the farm of T. E. Pennock, and extending to within about twenty rods of rile south line of the survey, the mill standing near where the West Liberty road crosses the lice of an old projected rail ray. It is probable that it was not a paying concern, as it was suffered to go down before am other mill was built in the community. The saw-mill built in the township was by Joshua Folsom, in 1830, one mile north or Zanesfield. The dam was built of logs and earthwork about twenty yawls above the present. The mill was constructed with a sash saw, and run by a flutter-wheel. The dam was several times washed out, which involved a heavy expense in repairs. et it continued to be successfully run, with various modifications and improvements, until in 1850, when Charles Folsom, into whose hands the property had passed after the death of his father, dug a new race from the old dam down to where the flouring mill stands, where he built a new saw-mill with 24 foot wheel. But afterwards building a flouring milk he appropriated the water power to that, and put in a steam engine to run the saw-mill. With this, he run it successfully for a number of years, but finally pulled it down and removed it, devoting all his attention to the flouring mill, and to other business in which he had engaged. About 1843 or 1844, the nest sac-mill was built on Mad River, near the residence of George Peters. It was run very successfully by the proprietor for a number of years ; but, Mr. Smith going into the mercantile business, the mill was rented out, and finally run down so as to render it an unprofitable investment. The property afterward came into the possession of Mr. Shaots, who sold all of the mill worth removing. The frame was moved to Zanesfield, where it is used by Brown & Marquis. Daniel Arbeghast, and Samuel Leymaster built a steam saw-mill, with a muley saw, a short distance north of Jerusalem, about the rear 1848, which did an extensive and profitable business. It was afterwards run by W. A. Slenker, but has been removed a number of years. Near the same time of its erection, Luther Smith built one on his farm, near the head of Hadley's Bottom. It was similar in its construction, but not as successful in its operation. After being run awhile by Smith S Moody, and afterward by George D. Adams, it was sold and removed to Union County. But the upright saws hate almost entirely gone out of use, and the portable engine, with its circular saw, seemed to take the field, and one was found 412 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. in almost every neighborhood. But, with the great improvement in roads in later years, good, substantial, permanent engines, with circular saws and all the late improvements, are more in demand. Of flouring-mills-passing the Wilkinson Mill with the brief mention already made-we have only two left of which to speak: The Baldwin Mill, built by John Pim, in 1836, and the Folsom Mill, built eighteen years later. The former was built, and run as a water mill, exclusively, for many rears. Many improvements were made, however, on the original model, and finally, the water-power being deemed insufficient, a lease for several feet additional head was negotiated with Charles Folsom, and a steam engine was put in, which gate it h capacity for first-class merchant work, and it has contributed largely to the business and prosperity of the township. The mill was run first by John Pim, then by I. J. Baldwin, Baldwin & Potts, Baldwin & Bro., then sold to Riddle S Rutan, and run by G. P. Stevenson, and then sold to J. N. Dickinson. The Folsom Mill site possessed natural advantages to commence with, surpassed by none in the country, and to this was added a building of the very best material and workmanship, and in this was placed works combining all the modern improvements then in use. One of the conveniences connected with it is the water being trunked under ground from the forebay to the penstock, thus obviating trouble in regard to freezing, and dispensing with an ugly and inconvenient barrier to passage around the mill. It would be difficult at this late date to give am account of the trails followed by the Indians in their migratory wandering before the construction of roads by the white settlers. As early as 1811 the State authorities surveyed and cut out a road from Springfiekl to Lower Sandusky, row Tremont. It passed through Urbana, up the West Liberty road to a point where that road bears to the right to go down into the valley. From that it continued on up the east side of rile valley to the State bridge, so called because it was first constructed by the State. From this point northward through the Township the road followed the present line of the West Liberty, Zanesfield and Rushylvania pike, except that it has been straightened in places, especially across the :arm of Mr. Shaots, where it curved around up the valley, passing nearer the house than the present location. There was also a curve in the road just south of Zanesfield, which was straightened when the bike was hunt. It was most likely a number of years that this road was made before the road was surveyed and cut out from Columbus to Bellefontaine; probably after the county seat was established at the latter place. It followed the line of the present road from Middleburg to Zanesfield, and then down the Urbana road to the south line of Major Long's land, which passed a short distance north of the residence of Mrs. Margaret Knight, and with that line west to the hill, up to the summit, bearing to the left, entered the Goose Creek bottom, just south of the corner of Oliver Fawcett's land and up the bottom to the line of the old road just below the pike, and thence up the hill. south of Jonah Bulwer's house. ln 1833 the road was surveyed and opened from Sandusky street, at Leas' corner in Zanesfield, westward on the line between Curtis and Long to the west line of the survey, thence west to intellect the old road in Goose Creek bottom. About the time the road from Columbus was opened-for there is nothing on record to indicate the date-the road to East Liberty, then known as Garwood's Mills, was opened, the line being the same as at present; except that it commenced in the Columbus road near the brick meeting-house, east of Mad, River, and HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY - 413 running obliquely up the hill, through the Wonders and Knight places, opposite Benjamin Knight's orchard. After Thomas Dickinson settled on the Knight place, he secured the alteration of the road to its present location. The Solomon's Town road was one of the pioneer thoroughfares of the township and county. It started in the Sandusky road just south of' the crossing of Mad River and, leading up the river on the left bank, continued northward. bearing west by way of Harper and Solomon's Town to Round Head's Town, as it was then spoken. In 1830, a guide board at the starting point indicated twelve miles to Solomon's Town. The road from Bellefontaine to Marion. though located at an early date, was less known and traveled fif'ty years ago than those above mentioned. It passed through the township on the line of the Jerusalem rake. The hill Creek road in 1830 was but an obscure and winding way cut out wide enough for wagons to pass through the thick forest. It was mostly used by hunters and persons from the settlement who went out each spring and entered on unoccupied land for the purpose of making sugar. The route usually traveled left the Sanducky road near the corner of T. E. Pennock's s f'arm, and crossed the river near the mouth of the tail-race. It probably kept south of the present road pretty much all the way as it run south of Kirkpatrick's house. In 1830, the Trustees granted a township road from the Sandusky road, southeast corner of Isaac Zane's farm, westward, passing on or near the south line of Lot Garwood's land, and intersecting the Bellefontaine road between McKee's Creek and the township line. Subsequently it was altered to continue westward north of Krouskop's (McBeth's) farm to the township line. In 1832, a grant was given for a township road from the above road near Lot Garwood's southwest corner, south to George Henry's southeast corner, thence on the nearest and best route to the county road near George McColloch's. A number of other township roads have been constructed at a later Mate, but there is nothing to be found vu record to indicate the time or attending circumstances. There has been but one toll road running through the township, namely, the Bellefontaine and Zanesfield turnpike, running from Bellefontaine through Zanesfield to near Goshen Church, on the Middleburg road. It was built by a company in 18-. There were two gates-one near Bellefontaine, which was afterwards moved to a point inside of Jefferson Township, and one near the brick church east of Mad River. The toll charged for a carriage and one horse was two cents per mile. As the number of free pikes in the county increased, it created a good deal of dissatisfaction. Men who had teen taxed heavily to build tree pikes at home disliked to pay toll on a road which they were so frequently required to travel over. In accordance with the petition of a majority of the land-holders along the line, the Commissioners purchased the road in 187-, and the only toll-gates ever erected in the county were removed. With the completion of two miles of pike in the Marmon Valley, which has already been granted by the Commissioners, there will be three pikes running directly across the township one from North to South, and two from East to West. Work is also rapidly progressing on the Mad River Valley road, a little over two miles in length, leading from Dickinson's Mills to the Applegrove schoolhouse, on the Jerusalem pike. There is also one in course of construction from Goshen meeting-house southward, leading to Mingo, in Champaign County. Some tithe between the years 1837 and 1845, a special act passed the Legislature 414 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY providing for the improvement of the road leading from Bellefontaine to Marysville, by way of Zanesfield. East Liberty and Newton, by applying the road tax on all the property within two miles of the line on either side to grading, bridging and such other work as the Commissioners having the work in charge should deem most profitable. The act probably remained in force until it was set aside by the adoption of the new Constitution, in 1851, and under its provisions a great improvement was made in the road over the hill west of Zanesfield, much of which, however, was thrown away, as a change was subsequently made in the road leading up the hill. great improvement was made in the condition of the road leading to East Liberty. Little is known of the construction of bridges in the early history of roads in the township. In the year 1830 but one was found in its limits that across Mad River on the Sandusky road. It was a simple structure, consisting of sills resting on abutments covered with split puncheons secured with wooden pins. At the crossing of Mad River, east of Zanesfield, a very ;nod ford was constructed by hauling large quantities of gravel in so as to make a solid roadway, and the same plan was adopted in other places, though in many places the crossing was difficult, especially when the water was high. At the present time the township is well supplied with good, substantial bridges, the nest being the iron bridge across Mad River, on the Rushsylvania pike. The first stage-line through the county passed through Zanesfield on the Springfield, L Urbana and Sandusky road. It is not certain at what time it was established, but it was most probably in 1825. It continued about two years, and then the line was changed to run by way of Bellefontaine and West Liberty. It was a tri-weekly line. After the change, a mail route was established from Bellefontaine to Marysville, by way of Zanesfield and Garwood's Mills; the mail being carried on horseback. Some time from 1834 to 1837, a hack line was established from Bellefontaine to Columbus, by way of Zanesfield and Middleburg, but it was of short duration. Some time previous to 1860, the mail-carrier commenced carrying passengers in a light wagon or buggy, except during the muddy season. At the commencement of the Rebellion, Great impatience was manifested on account of the want of better mail facilities. The East left Bellefontaine three times a week, in the morning , before the arrival of the mail at that point. Hence, mail arriving on Monday or Tuesday at that point would be delayed until Wednesday before reaching Zanesfield. To obviate the inconvenience an independent daily mail lice was organized and kept up by the patrons of the Zanesfield post-office during the continuance of the war. After the completion of the railroad through Marysville, the farmers' mail route was discontinued and a new route established, running from East Liberty each morning. by way of West Middleburg and Zanesfield, to Bellefontaine, and returning in the afternoon, this giving the three places named retail facilities nearly equal to the most favored railroad towns very comfortable hack is run for the accommodation of passengers. The village of Zanesfield was laid out in the year 1819 by Alexander Long and Ebenezer Zane, on lands sold to them by Lucas Sullivant, being part of James Calderwood's Survey, No. 3,137. The dividing line between them was near the centre of the Bellefontaine road, as at present located. From the best information to be derived, the Sandusky road ran eighty-four feet west of its present location, and Zane had sold Lanson Curtis a let bounded on the south by his south line, and on the east by the Sandusky road. An arrangement was entered into between Long HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 415 and Zane to lay out town lots on their respective lands, and the very remarkable plat was agreed upon which can only be understood by consulting the map, from which it will be seen that of the first six lots only one £routs on a street. Then after locating lot No. 7 on Zane's land. northeast corner of Columbus and Sandusky streets, coming back on to Long's part, Nos. 8 to 13 were located on the east side. The southeast corner of Sandusky and Columbus streets was left vacant, probabIy for fhe reason that it was occupied by Isaac Zane, then near the close of his life; 14 and 13 were located on West street, marked on the map Liberty street; then 16 to 25 on Sandusky street, running back 160 feet, commencing on Zane's land, northwest corner of Sandusky and Locust streets; lots numbered 26 to 28 pack to C Curtis east line, for by some intrigue with the Commissioners. Long had secured the removal of the road to its present location. 'The residue of the lots, numbering in all 31, fronted on Sandusky street, and ran back west 160 feet. Instead of deflecting to the left at the commencement of the Last Liberty road it continued its course far enough to intercept the line of the road between C. H. Folsom's and T. E. Pennock's land. A quarrel had taken place between Long and Curtis, and by this means the former had designed to cut the latter off so that he could only reach Sandusky street by way of Locust street, which was only twenty-four feet wide. Zane, who was a man remarkable for his unsullied purity, was an unsuspecting party to this little scheme of spite-work. Before the day of sale, however, he became incensed, whether for this or some other cause is not known, and pulled up all the stakes on his part and refused to offer his lots fur sale. Hence lot No. 7, and all after 25, are blank on the map. Being thus far successful, Long's next move was to secure from Zane the lot intervening between the street and Curtis' lot. For this he offered him $100. Zane's reply was, "Mebby not." Seeing Curtis, Zane asked him if he wished to buy the lot. Curtis told him he did, and asked the price. He replied, " Mebby $10." The terms were gladly accepted, and Long's little scheme ended in grief. This circumstance related alone, however, does Long injustice. He was a brave soldier, a good citizen and kind neighbor. Influenced by jealousy and anger, he was capable of meanness that he. would probably be ashamed of in his better moments. The surveyed plat was filed in the Recoder's office without any specifications. The plat was copied on the record, and in 1830. Alexander Long filed specifications in accordance with the actual measurement of the plat, stating that he supposed it to have been an omission when the plat was filed. It would seem remarkable that with so fine a scope of land lying between the prairie and hill the village should have been crowded into the bend of the branch so as to require the then leading road of the county to make an irregular crook of an eighth of a mile out of its line to reach it, and then as far back to leave it on reasonably solid ground. The only apparent solution is found in the tine springs abounding along the bank near the edge of the prairie, in the vicinity of which the first louses were built. The business cantre having thus been established in that locality there has never been a sufficient demand :or business houses to warrant building up in another quarter. And as if to make the change still more impracticable, McCollochs, when they projected their addition, in 1844, instead of locating their main street through the center of their plat, located an alley there and laid the street entirely outside of all their lots. Thus it will be seen that whatever of beauty and advantage the village possesses if has inspite of, and not on account of, its civil engineers. 416 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. It is true that Tenery's Addition, laid out in 1852 by Joseph L. Tenery, exhibits a fair regard to taste and convenience in the location of its streets and alleys; the only inconveniemce is that it is so far from the business part of the town for a village of such small dimensions; but, for quiet, pleasant residences, it is seldom surpassed. It is impossible to give the order in which the first houses were built; but, as near as we can learn, Ebenezer Zane built a cabin where John McCormick lines, as early as 1805. Joseph Dickinson lived in a cabin where Oren Outland lives; as early as the fall of 1811. Lanson Curtis built, near where Dr. Coram lives, previous to 1820. Alexander Long, on the S. B. Smith property, probably two years earlier. Joseph L. Tenery bought lot No. 13 soon after the village was laid out, and built a loghouse on it opposite the rear of Brown's store; and near the same time Horton Brown bought lot No. 15, and built the house occupied by J. G. Hamilton. He afterwards bought lot No. 14, and traded or sold the two to Long, getting in exchange the property occupied by Ira Brown, on which one of the blockhouses stood, the walls of which he pulled down and converted into a dwelling. Benjamin Smith came in 1822, and bought lots 1 to 6, with the land lying between them and the Spring Branch, on which he erected. a tannery. On lot No. 1 he built a good one story frame dwelling , but in what year we are unable to say-perhaps as early as 1825. Near the some time, Dr. James Crew built the two-story frame where C. H. Folsom lines. It is uncertain by whom lot No. 24 was improved. Samuel Lipincut lined there in 1820, and Benajah Williams deeded it to Benjamin Smith in 1824. Jacob Meyer built the brick house occupied by S. G. BaIdwin, propably in 1828. Jonathan Thomas built the one-story part of Mrs. S. J.. Folsom's house in 1829. In 1830, John A. Robinson built on lot No. 20, William Easton on lot No. 8, and Daniel Antrim built on the north side of Locust street, opposite to Dr. Outland's kitchen. Daniel Cowgill built about the same time on the corner of Sandusky street and the East Liberty road, and David J. Hyatt, shortly after, where J. G. Marquis Tires. Between 1832 and 1838, Lanson Curtis built the Dr. Coram house; Benjamin Smith, the house occupied by Oren Outland on lot No. 1; Dr. J. W. Marmon and his brother Robert built the brick house southeast corner of Sandusky and Columbus streets; L. P. Burton, the brick on the opposite side owned by J. M. Reams: and Robert Marmon bought and finished up the frame commenced some years previous on lot No. 18, and built the brick on the north half of lot No. 16, now owned by Mrs. Marquis. Lanson Curtis also built the Methodist Episcopal Church now owned by the Zanesfield Baptist Church. The first erected in McColloch's Addition was on lot No. 13, by Absalom Brown, the second by D. B. Holland, on lot No. 24. The first erected on Teney's Addition on lot No.4, by M. M. Dickinson. Joshua Scott built on No. 7, Jedediah Cleveland on No. 9 and Edward Bishop on 14. Zanesfield has never engaged largely in manufacturing. E. D. Sawyer built windmills here, pretty largely for the tunes, in 1844-48. But, as a general thing, the only articles produced here hate been for home consumption. The mercantile business has always been pretty well represented. The first merchant in Zanesfield was Lanson Curtis. He came from N New Hampshire soon after the close of the war, and bringing with him a load of japanned tinware, set up trade on a small scale. He met with many discouragements and losses, which would bare disheartened a less determined spirit. Sandusky dusky was then the most accessible point of trade, and in the winter, when the ground was HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 417 covered with snow, was a favorable time for transportation. Hiring a man with a sled and two horses. to take a load to Sandusky for him, then were making their way through the wilderness; in the midst of a snow storm, their. sled broke down. With only an ax and auger, which they were fortunate enough to Lave with them, and with such material as then could cut from the forest, they proceeded to repair the sled; after several hours of tedious delay, they were able to resume their travel. Such were some of the hardships that men had to encounter in the early time, in laying the foundation of a fortune. By strict economy, unflagging energy and close dealing, he was enabled to build up an extensive business. He was very prompt, and acquired an extensive influence, being once or twice elected to the Legislature. But owing to his close, hard dealing, was never really popular. He was probably the first Postmaster in the place, receiving his appointment about the year 1825. He continued in business until about the year 18- and acquired considerable wealth. after closing business here, Ire removed to Columbus, where he entirely lost his intellectual faculties. The second individual to engage in the mercantile business in the place was Zane McColloch. It is uncertain when he commenced but it is probable it was somewhere from 1825 to 1828. He occupied, as a storeroom, a hewed log house, already spoken of as the residence of Isaac Zane. In 1830, and for some years after, he held the office of Postmaster. He was subsequently a partner in the firm of Burton. Heylin & McColloch, who built dad occupied the store-room on the northwest corner of Sandusky and Columbus streets. This was about 1837. In 1847 he sold goods in the same room in copartnership with his brother, Samuel. About 1837 or 1838, J. W. and R. M. Marmon commenced selling goods in the mom on the southeast corner of Sandusky and Columbus streets. After a rear or two they were succeeded by William Foos, who sold goods. there in 1840. Succeeded in 1844 by Samuel Taylor, afterwards Taylor & Kenton; then James Kenton. Frequent changes were made after this. Cleveland, McBeth & Co.; Cleveland & Smith: Smith & Means; B. & S. B. Smith; Means & Marmon; Brown Bros.; Brown S Keys, up to 1864. Since then, Brown & Sands, Asa Brown, O. Brown & Co. and Omar Brown have occupied the room. In 1853, Charles Folsom built the storeroom north of the drug store now used by Brown Sullivan, which was occupied at first by Marmon & Folsom, then by Baldwin & Potts: since that, S. D. Elliott, Marmon & Elliott, Hays & Smith, S. B. Smith, Ebrete & Brother, S. M. West and J. A. Antrim hate sold dry goods, notions, groceries, clothing and millinery in turn there. James Kenton fitted up the room opposite about the year 185-, and sold goods there, succeeded by Folsom & Kenton. In 1852, Davis & Crew sold goods in the room on the southwest corner of Sandusky Street and the Bellefontaine road. Numerous. other parties have engaged in selling goods in the place at different times, but the above includes the names of the principal merchants of the place, and pretty nearly in tho order in which they have e been in business. We cannot speak with certainty of taverns prior to the year 1830. At that time, and probably for several years prior to that, Job Garwood kept tavern in a one-story wooden building on Lot No. 24. In the year 1832 he sold out to Jacob Gross, and bought Ebenezer Zane's property, where he lived until 1841. Gross remained in the tavern one year, and sold to Conrad Marshall, who, assisted by his son-in-law, Jeremiah Fisher, kept the house until 1840, when he rented to John Sloan and 418 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. his son-in-law, William S. Vaughn, who ran the house for two years. Previous to this, however, Marshall had built a two-story addition at the south end, and added a second story to the original building-adding materially to the comfort and convenience of its accommodations. It was here, in the summer of 1839, that Mr. Marshall had the honor of entertaining a distinguished guest, in the person of Hon. Henry Clay, of Kentucky, who, while traveling through Ohio in his own private conveyance. rested over night and partook of his hospitalities. When Sloan and Vaughn left the house, Marshall and Fisher returned to it, and continued to keep it as a tavern for about five. years. In April, 1848, Jacob Wonders rented it, and remained there for one year, succeeded by William Keys, and possible others for a short time, when the use of the house as a hotel was discontinued. After Zane McColloch closed nut his store in the old Isaac Zane House, John M. Young bought the property and fitted it up for a tavern, which he kept for a short time. About the same time, probably 1833, Robert M. Marmon bought lot No. 18 and enclosed the two-story frame erected on it a number of rears before. After finishing it, it was used for a store room for a short time, when it was concerted into a tavern first kept by Abraham McNeil and then by Jonathan Hopkins, who had charge of the house in 1840 and for three or four years after. He was succeeded by Daniel Mason, I. G. Williams, John Clingerman, William Keys, Wilson S. Sloan, Thomas Wade, James Cole, Horatio Clingerman and James G. Hamilton, who occupied the house up to the night of the 30th of November 1872, when it was entirely destroyed by fire. The two-story building on southwest corner of Sandusky street and the Bellefontaine mad, built by Edward Kenton, and for a number of years owned by Amos Thompson, was by him kept as a tavern for a number of years. More recently Davis, R. B. Porter, T. F. Pope and John Horn have cared for the traveling public. The first tannery was established; as already hinted, by Benjamin Smith in 1822. He was a son of Christopher Smith, one of the earliest settlers of Zane Township. He married Cynthanetta, a daughter of Levi Garwood, one of the first settlers near Garwood's Mills, now East Liberty, and immediately settled in Zanesfield erecting a tannery immediately east of lots 4 and 5 in the bend of the thing Branch, which he continued to carry on for about twenty years. after this he turned his attention more toward farming and the lumber business, and afterwards engaged in the mercantile business, in which he continued until failing health compelled him to retire. He had three sons-Samuel Bradford, John Crawford and Benjamin Franklin, the latter of whom died from wounds received during the war of the Rebellion. and six daughter:, of whom Licetta, married David Michener, living in Champaign Co., Ill.; Eliza Ann; Michener; Mary H., married Robert B. Porter, living in Paulding County, Ohio; Cynthanetta, married P. A. Campbell. living in the State of Texas, and Eudora, married Charles L. Hathaway, of West Mansfield, in this county. His aged widow also resides in West Mansfield, in the enjoyment of good health, and seems to delight in conversing about the events of long-gone-by years, in regard to which she is blessed with a retentive memory. after Mr. Smith retired from the tannery business, the yard was carried on by George W. Downs, and by Marmon & Downs for a while, but was soon suffered to go down. John Monroe, who learned the trade with Mr. Smith, was the original proprietor of the establishment now owned and carried on by Mr. John McCormick The different secret societies have been HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 419 pretty well represented in Zanesfield. Passing by the Eclampus Vitus, whose history was as brief as its initiators ceremony was unique. the first in order was the Sons of Temperance, organized in the spring of 1848, with Dr. J, W. Johnson first W. P. After a prosperous history of two years, it began to decline, and finally surrendered its charter. Many of the most worthy and influential citizens of the vicinity were enrolled as members. Its meetings were brief in the attic of the building now owned by Joseph James. The next in order was Anchor Lodge, No. 28, I. O. Good Templars, organized in the fall of 1854, with S. W. Stafford as first W. C. T. Like the former organization, it had a season of prosperity, in which it seemed to be the means of infusing a very wholesome moral influence through the community, but, like it, soon began of decline, and, like the edifice in which its meetings were held, was numbered with the things that aye past. The next .in order is Wapatomica Lodge, No. 424, I. O. O. F., instituted June 25, 1869, with the following charter members: George Folsom, Charles Folsom, C. H.. Folsom, L J. Baldwin, M. Long, James S. Robb, .J. C. Smith, John Reese, Thomas Piper. M. Taylor, J. E. Marmon, A. G. Heath, John D. Inskeep and J. P. James. The following - named members have attained to N. G.: George Folsom, I. J. Baldwin, J. Reese, J. S. Robb. Charles Folsom, M. Long, N. S. Crew, C. L. Hathaway, John McCormick, J. C'. Smith, C. H. Folsom, William Long, Omar Brown, A. G. Heath, C. J. Folsom, J. CT. Marquis, T. F. Pope, T. S. Brown, James M. Reyner, Ira Brown, Pres. Shaw, William Y. Josiin, Ezra Brown-the present presiding officer. The Lodge is in a flourishing condition. It owns the building in which their ball is located, and an outfit. There is no Lodge of A., F. & A. Masons in the place, but the brotherhood has been well represented. Joseph L. Tenery, and perhaps others, were members of Harmony Lodge, No. 8, long before there was a Lode in the county. S. G. Baldwin, Asa Marmon, S. J. Crew and Ephraim Means were among the early members of Bellefontaine Lodge, No. 209, in Zanesfield. The Lodge is now largely represented, as is also Lafayette Chapter, No. 60. Zanesfield has little to boast of in the way of buildings, either public or private. There is no hotel building in the town. The store room built by Charles Folsom about the year 1866. is the only one constructed with any regard to adaptation to the requisites of a store room. The building is a good, substantial frame, two stories high. On the first floor is a fine, commodious salesroom, well lighted and furnished, with a cellar and two convenient storage rooms. The upper room is finished and furnished for an Odd Fellow's hall, with all the necessary conveniences and appendages. Of schoolhouses, there have been three built in this place. The first in 1831, on Lot No. 11, a one-story brick, about 18x 30 feet in size; the best schoolhouse in the township at the time perhaps as good as the county afforded. It was very plain and simple in its structure. In 1854, it was decided to pull it down and replace it with a larger structure, it having become dilapidated and unlit for use. Accordingly, the house now used by Robert Jacobs as a shop was built in its place, and was regarded as a long step in advance, but did not give entire satisfaction. In answer to the demand for better school accommodations, Lots no. 6, 7 and 8, in McColloch's Addition, and in the year 1875, a substantial two-story brick building was erected, with two good school-rooms on each floor. Of church buildings, the oldest is that occupied be the Baptists, at the north end of the tillage. It was built in 1836, by Lanson Curtis, and used as a place of religious worship by the Methodists, though owned and held by 420 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. him as private property until the 16th day of July, 1842, when, having removed to Columbus, he regularly conveyed it to Isaac S. Gardner and others, Trustees of the Zanesfield Methodist Episcopal Church. It was occupied by the church until October, 1867, when the new church building was completed and taken possession of, it having in the meantime been sold to parties for the use of the Baptist de nomination. In 1872 a church of that denomination having organized, the property was conveyed to its trustees. The house was originally 24 x 36 feet in size. In 1873 it was enlarged by an addition of ten feet to the front end. Other improvements were also made, making it a neat and comfortable, though simple and plain church edifice. The next church edifice in the order of building was the Presbyterian, of which a brief notice will be found in the sketch of that church. The Methodist Episcopal Church, as just remarked, was built in the year 1867. It has a pleasant location, lot N o. 10 of Tenery's Addition, and is in size thirty-six by fifty-six feet. It was erected and furnished at a cost of about $2,800. Its successful completion was largely due to the energetic efforts of George Folsom, S. D. Elliott and Ira Brown, and the liberal contributions of the membership generally, seconded by the indefatigable labor of the preacher in charge, Rev. J. A. Wright. The block-houses were of historic note, dating back beyond either church or schoolhouse. There were three in number-one near the residence of Ebenezer Zane, one near the present residence of Ira Brown, and one near the alley and nearly in a line between the residence of John Everingham and that of Mrs. A. E. Robb. The latter, still standing in 1830, was used as a stable by Maj. Alexander Long, who owned the premises. The former two had keen removed long before that time. They were garrisoned during the war by a company of volunteers, who were at one time relieved by a company of United States Infantry. As the post never suffered an attack, its history was a peaceful one. The history of Isaac Zane's house, here alluded to as the residence of the first white man that ever lived in the county, is the starting point from which the boundaries of the survey were established. Its history as a store-room, post-office and tavern is brief. It was purchased of the owner of the premises, probably Dr. Marmon by John Monroe, and removed to the northeast corner of let No. 22, where it was rebuilt and used as a dwelling for many years, being owned and occupied by various persons until the year 186-, when it was purchased by Robert Jacobs, who, after using it as a dwelling for a number of years, converted it into a shop for which it was used until 187-, when it was taken down and removed, after having been in its last location over forty years. There is little doubt that Goshen monthly meetings of the Society of Friends was the first religious society organized in the township. As the early records are not to be found, no particulars of date or names can be given. The Marmons and Reamses, who were the first settlers with the family of Josiah Outland, who settled near by in Zane Township at the same time, probably at first connected themselves with the Darby meeting, organized and located just north of Middleburg. Soon after this, however, a meeting-house was built on the spot now occupied by the Goshen church, one mile east of Zanesfield on the Middleburg road. Among the original members most probably were Robert Martin, and Samuel Marmon, and Josiah Outland, and their respective families; Daniel '' Butler and his family; Joseph Dickinson and others whose names are unknown. Aaron Brown and a number of the Reamses were HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 421 members at an early day. One of the early missionary efforts of the church was a school organized for the benefit of the Shawnee Indians, then Iocated at Wapakonnetta. The arduous nature. of the undertaking can be better comprehended when it is remembered that the-only means of communication was through the interminable swamps intervening between Lewistown and that point, which could only be traveled over by men and women on horseback, and over which all the supplies had to be carried in this manner. It is a matter of regret that we are not able to report the result of the labor performed by these self-denying men and women. In the year 1828 the controversy which grew up in the church and caused a division in nearly every society, resulted in a separaration of Goshen church into two parties: Both claimed title to the name and property, but for convenience we shall speak of them as Orthodox and Hicksite. The former, being somewhat more numerous, claimed and retained the property, consisting of a double log meeting-house, in which meetings could be held by men and women separately or altogether as one congregation, and a small brick schoolhouse on the same ground. The prominent me members of that division of the society were the Marmons, with the exception of Edmund, Josiah Outland and his family, Daniel Butler and his family, the Reamses and others, whose names are unknown. The spirit of bitterness and acrimony which grew out of the division was not promotive of growth or health. Hence, while accessions to the church were rare, many nominally in it drifted out, Some were gathered into other churches, while many found their level in the world, duel little progress seemed to be made. The society increased in numbers from immigration from other points, and the old house being no longer fit for use, the present substantial and commodious frame building, 30x60 feet in size, was built in the summer of 185-. For the last ten years there have been numerous accessions to the church, and it is at present the center of an extended religious influence. The other division of the society commenced its separate history under not remarkably favorable circumstances. Their numbers were not lame, consisting of Aaron Brown and family, Horton Brown and family, Zaccheus Brown and family, Joseph Dickinson and wife, Isaac Rea and family, Jonathan Thomas, William Rox, Edmund Marmon and family, Benjamin Taylor, Nathaniel Thomas, and a few other:, whose names are forgotten. A lot was purchased from Benjamin Smith. and the little brick meeting-house near the Zanesfield Cemetery was built in 1829. In a few years Joshua Scott and family, Job Scott and family, Benjamin Michener and family, Elijah Fawcett and family, with a number of others, ware added to their number, and a season of prosperity was enjoyed by the church. About the year 1842, a considerable dissension arose in the society on the subject of slavery. While all claimed to be anti-slavery in sentiment there was a radical and a conservative party in the membership. While those inclined to radical views seemed to predominate at Goshen, the conservatives were largely in the ascendency in the society at large. So great was the diversity of sentiment, orally, drat the connection between the society and the denomination at large was severed, some of the members retaining, however, their membership in the society at large. The independent organization effected was, in a few years, dissolved, for want of adherent qualities, and lost its visibility. After this, those retaining membership in the recpgmozed body have been united into a small congregation of worshipers, who continue to occupy the meeting-house. After Goshen Church, the Tharp's Run Baptist Church was probably the next 422 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. one urbanized in the township, the date of its organization being the 19th of August, 1819. The constituent members were-George Henry, Parmelia Henry, Frances Tullis, Eiizabeth Codington, John Reed, Ruth Reed, Andrew Gruhb, Martha Grubb, Nathan Norton, Mary Norton, William Tharp, Haines Parker, Thomas Stillwell, Enoch Lundy, Pleary Lundy and William Henry. Of these, William Henry was chosen Clerk and Andrew Gruhb and William Tharp, Deacons. cons. The constituent members had been dismissed from the lung's Creek Baptist Church, and John Thomas and John Gutridge j were the officiating ministers at the organization. The organization of the church supplying a spiritual want that was deeply felt in the community , it is not surprising that it was followed by a season of growth and prosperity, as is indicated by the numbers dismissed to constitute churches at surrounding points. On May 24, 1828, twenty-two members were dismissed to constitute a church at N etc Philadelphia. Twenty members were dismissed October 20, 1854, to constitute a church at West Mansfield. January 27, 1855: thirty-one members were dismissed to constitute a church at Mackachack, and April 27, 1872, thirteen members were dismissed to constitute a church at Zanesfield. We cannot pretend to give in detail the different Pastors and their pastorate. Among the number will be found the names of John Thomas, John Gutridge, John Askren, George Line, William Hanker, A. J. Wiant, Aaron Curl, James Rundle, H. H. Dunaway, B. B. Wheaton and Milton Squibb. The church first built a hewed log-house, in which they worshiped for many years. In 1845, a good brick building was erected, 30x40 feet in size, well lighted and conveniently arranged, in which they have held meetings ever since. It is, however, becoming considerably dilapidated. One of the features of Tharp's Run Church is the annual May meeting, which has been observed throughout the greater part of its history. Ministers from abroad are usually invited, and a very large congregation is generally in attendance. A sketch of the early history of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Zanesfield must necessarily be fragmentary. As early as 1816, possibly earlier, such pioneer champions of the faith as John Strang and Biglow and Finley, were accustomed to take in Zanesfield and Garwood's Mills in their travel's, preaching in the former place at the houses of Lanson Curtis and Alexander Long.. Whether a society was regularly constituted at that time or not, we have no means of knowing, but as Curtis, Long, John Bishop and Isaac Zane were members of church at a very early time, it is reasonable to suppose that there was at least a class organized as early as 1820. Except the ministers already mentioned, we cannot recall the names of any prior to the year 1840. After the first schoolhouse was built in 1831, religious services were held in it frequently. But there being a considerable able of a spirit of opposition manifested to holding services in the schoolhouse, Curtis built the brick meeting-house on his own private account, thus securing to the denomination free access to a house of worship. Commencing with the Rev. Morrow, in the fall of 1840, the pastorates are very nearly as follows: -- Marrow, 1840; Samuel Linch, 1841; - Kimber, 1842; -- Phillips, 1843; Star and A. Harmount, 1844; S. L. Yourtz and A. Harmount, 1845; S. H. Fant and -- Baker, 1846; S. H. Fant and D. Rutledge , 1847; Samuel Allen and --- Guiberson, 1848; * * * Oliver P. Kenedy, 1853: A. J. Frisky, 1854; S. D. Shaffer, 1855; S. D. Shaffer, 1856; T. J. Babcock and Nathan Morris, 1857; Reuben Oldfield, 1858; - NO PAGES 423 & 424 HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 425 Bowers, 1859; Moses Hibbard, 1860; Wm. H. Peek, 1861; Wm. H. Peck, 1862; Jason Young, 1863; John C. Miller, 1864; D. D. L. Reagh, 1865; J. A. Wright, 1866; H. J. Bigley, 1867 and 1868: Benjamin Herbert, 1869, 1870 and 1871; Charles Larnesworth, 1872, 1873 and 1874; Wm. S. Littell, 1875, 1876 (removed during his last year-B. Herbert supplied); B. Herbert, 1877; M. M. Markwith, 1878, 1879 and 1880. Among the pastorates noted for large accessions to the church were those of Linch, Fant, Frisby. Reagh and Bigley. Numerous other pastors have enjoyed considerable ingathering. Only one meeting-house has been built by the church, the first having been an individual enterprise. As the building of this has already been spoken of, it need only be added that the house is in a good state of repair, having recently been repainted. Of the members who have contributed their means and labors and influence to build up and sustain the church may be mentioned the names of Lanson Curtis, John Knight, Jonathan Bishop, Joshua Scott, Rufus Sprague, Daniel Cowgill, George W. Downs, Dr. J. W. Johnson, Jacob Wonders, George Folsom, S. D. Elliott, G. S. Parkhurst, J. W. and Joel Euston, B. and J, Plummer, Ira Brown and Oren Outland. A Sabbath school in connection with the church has been sustained for at least thirty-five rears, and the greater part of the time it has been in a flourishing condition, and although under the control of the church, members of other denominations s have contributed lamely to its numbers and interest. The fourth church in point of time organized in the township was the Presbyterian, organized on the 11th day of January, 1851. It would be, perhaps, impossible to state authentically who were the first Presbyterian families to settle in the township, or the date of their advent. John Robb; an uncle of Dr. James S. Robb, of Zanesfield, came with his family, consisting of his wife, two sons and two daughters, from Guernsey County, as early as 1832, and settled near the upper end of the McKee's Creek Valley; but being connected by membership and association with the Bellefontaine Church, they were scarcely considered as a part of the religious of the township. Though worthy and respected, they left without ever being identified with any religious organization in the township. This influential denomination may have been represented by individuals, and possibly families, prior to this time; but, if so, we have not been able to cull up the facts. N Next, so far as we can recollect, came L. F. Burton, Esq., and his estimable wife, and perhaps one or more of her sisters. They came sbout 183-, and remained until about 1843, and during the early period of their residence in Zanesfield organized a Sabbath school in the small brick schoolhouse standing where Mr. Jacobs' shop now stands. This was the first school in the township established on the basis of the American Sunday School Union. The school continued for a considerable length of time. but for some. cause unknown to the writer it was discontinued; and them is nothing on record to show when the first sermon was preached by a Presbyterian minister. It was, however, most probable drat it was between the years 1842 and 1845; for it is pretty certain that in the batter year Mr. J. H. Gill and Mr. W. M. Galbreath (the latter at the time a student, or if a minister, of recent ordination) were in the habit of visiting Zanesfield and holding religious services in the Methodist meeting-house, then the only house of public worship in the place. In the meantime, Sylvester Robb and wife. and William Cook and wife, settled in the township, the former perhaps as early as 1835, and the latter in 1840, and their number 426 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. was augmented by the addition of Mrs. James Kenton, in 1845, and Mr. (now Rev.) Luther Smith and wife shortly after, thus forming a nucleus around which a Presbyterian influence continued to gather and increase until, in the latter part of the year 1850, it took shape in a memorial prepared and presented to the Presbytery of Sydney, on the 11th day of December, requesting that the memorialists be organized into a church to be called "The Zanesfield Presbyterian Church." The request was granted, and J. H. Gill, W. M. Galbreath and J. M. Glover appointed a committee to open the church if way opened. On the 11th day of January, 1851, the committee convened at Zanesfield and organized a church consisting of Solomon Adams and wife, William Cook and wife, Sylvester Robb and wife, Luther Smith and wife, Mrs. James Kenton, John Nelson and w wife, Joseph A. Nelson and wife, Judge Joshua Robb and wife, and two daughters, Jesse Milner and wife, with others, amounting in the aggregate to thirty-three persons. They were not, however, all residents of Jefferson Township. One of those unfortunate dissensions that occasionally mar the harmony and impair the usefulness of a church had broken out in the church at Bellefontaine, and hence a number of influential members of that church withdrew and became constituent members of the church at Zanesfield. At the organization of the church, Judge Robb and Luther Smith, were elected and installed ruling Elders. It is difficult, in the absence of any definite record, to give a detailed account of the different pastorates, but they occurred in about the following order: Rev. J. K. Lye, a young minister from Kentucky, continued to preach for the church for a few months after its organization, but left probably in May or June following; and we find no record of any meeting of the session or other act of church until November 12, 1853, when Justus Rutan, his wife and five others were received into the church, Rev. T. T. Smith then being Pastor. Mr. Smith probably only remained one y ear, as Rev. E. D. Raffensperger was present and ordained Mr. Rutan a ruling Elder in May, 1855. The pulpit was supplied occasionally-perhaps a part of the time regularly-by Revs. Seth Howell, L. H. Long, W. B. Silence and E. D. Raffensperger until September, 1857, when Rev. William G. Hillman assumed the duties of pastor, only remaining, however, one year, after which the church was supplied by Rev. J. H. Gill and perhaps others, including Rev. L. I. Drake and Mr. James A. Marshall until June, 1860, when Mr. Marshall was ordained and installed as Pastor of the church, which relationship he held for three years, interrupted only by an interval of failing health, during which the church was supplied by Rev. Mr. Kingsley. At the close of Mr. Msrshall's pastorate. we are only able to learn from personal recollections that the Rev. J. Drake, Principal of the West Liberty Union School, supplied the pulpit for a considerable length of time, followed by Mr. Charles Hill, who commenced his labors as a supply in 1866, and was ordained and installed as Pastor of the church in the early part of 1867.. He continued Pastor of the church two years, after which Rev. L. I. Drake continued to supply the church regularly, in addition to his arduous duties as Pastor of the Church at West Liberty, until the latter part of the near 1874, when Mr. Luther Smith, then in his seventy-fourth year, in accord with the advice and approval of his friends in the church and in the ministry, presented himself before the Presbytery as a candidate for ordination. He was ordained and installed as Pastor of the church, in which capacity he continued to serve until his resignation in October, 1879, since which time the church has been without a Pastor; Mr. D. C. Ghormley, a student of HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 427 Princeton University, is serving as temporary supply. From this brief review it will appear that the pastorates have usually been short; noire exceeding three years except that of Mr. Smith, and no one has followed his preceding one without an intervening vacancy. And yet the church seems to have made a reasonable progress, having received into its communion two hundred members. The ruling Elders have been: Joshua Robb, Luther Smith, Justus Rutan, E. T. Davis, Samuel Marquis, George D. Adams, Charles H. Champman, J. K. Abraham, Samuel Jameson, Thomas Marquis, William S. Irwin, Charles Rockwell. C. A. Rockwell, R. B. Porter, J. E. Smith and G P. Stevenson. At an early period in the history of the church perhaps in 1853 - a house of worship was erected on lot No. 4, McColloch's Addition to Zanesfield. It simply consisted of a good, substantial frame building,. 36x50 feet in size,. with two doors in front; with an aisle leading from each to the rear, where a plain pulpit was constructed. It was furnished with plain but comfortable seats. The position of the pulpit and seats have several times been reversed,. but at present occupy their original position. The house was erected by William Cook and Joshua Scott, but at what cost we are unable to learn, as much of the labor and material was furnished by contributors, of which no record is to be found. Dr. J. .S. Robb was a leading member of the building committee. Some five years ago, a proposition was entertained to repair or rebuild the house, which was very much out of repair, but, a large proportion of the membership and congregation residing in the vicinity of East Liberty, the project was overruled, and a very neat edifice erected at that place, where the church holds services alternately. During the pastorate of Mr. Hillman, a Sabbath school was organized, of which he was Superintendent. It was in successful operation for two or three years, but after the departure of Mr. H. waned in interest, and finally disappeared. Schools have been organized at different times subsequently, but have never become permanent in duration. The East Liberty Free Will Baptist Church is e. body composed of two congregations-one at East Liberty, having a house of worship there, and the other in and around the head of Marmon's Valley, having a house of worship three miles 'east of Zanesfield, on the Middleburg road. The two congregations grew up simultaneously about the year 1853, under the missionary labors of Elder David Dudley. Of the last mentioned Branch or congregation we aim to give a brief sketch. temporary organization was effected at a prayer-meeting held in the schoolhouse in District No. 1. Among the first members were Edward Outland and daughter, Samuel Reams and wife, A. P. C'url and wife, A. P. Marmon and wife. Samuel Butler and wife, one of Benjamin S. Taylor's son's, and probably several others whose names are not known. The church continued to worship ln the schoolhouse a few years. Shortly after its constitution, following a very refreshing; revivalat East Liberty, Rev. Oscar Baker commenced a protracted meeting at this point, which resulted in a great in ingathering. It is probable that through the impetus thus given the neat and comfortable meeting-house was built, now used by the church. We cannot give the dimensions of the building, nor the expense of erecting, bat its size is sufficient to accommodate the very respectable congregations that usually assemble there; and in regard to the cost of building, it was cheerfully contributed by the community interested, without soliciting foreign aid or incurring the blighting influence of a church dept. After the pastorate of Elder Baker, which continued until about the year 1849, the Rev. Mr. Colyer became Pastor of the church, and 428 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. continued in that relation until he enlisted in O. V. I, in 1862. He was followed by Elder B. F. Zell, who continued with the church until the year 1875, succeeded by Elder Higgins for one year, since which time Elder A. H. Whitaker has been Pastor of the church. An interesting Sabbath school has been kept up in the church for many years, perhaps throughout most of its history. The New Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church was constituted about the year 1850, at the schoolhouse in District No. 5, about one mile east of Jerusalem on the road leading to W West Mansfield, its constituent members having been previously connected with the Lutheran Church in Bellefontaine, worshiping in the old brick meeting-house on South Main Street. It was constituted under the auspices of the Rev. Shaffer of that place. The New Salem meeting-house was built about the year 1851. Mr. Shaffer did not continue his relationship as Pastor of the church, and the church was without a Pastor for a number of nears, daring which the Rev. Peter Detrick, of the German Baptist Church, was accustomed to preach in the church frequently. In the year 1858, Rev. Enoch Smith, of Bellefontaine, commenced to labor for the church, and continued for eighteen months, after which the church was again without a Pastor until the year 1868, when the Rev. A. R. Howbert assumed the duties of Pastor, which he has since continued to discharge. There has been a Sabbath school kept up in the church for a considerable length of time, but we have not been able to obtain the statistics of the school or the church. The Mt. Zion Evangelical Lutheran was organized in the year 1874, the constituent members being mostly from New Salem Church. The organization of the church was the result of the labors of the Rev. A. R. Howbert at the two schoolhouses situated in the southwestern part of the township. After the organization of the church a beautiful building spot was selected, about one mile south of the Bellefontaine and Zanesfield pike, on the Township road, running south from the old Costin Corner, on which a neat frame structure was erected, of sufficient size to accommodate an ordinarily large congregation. The house was finished and dedicated in 1877, Rev. Dr. Helwig, of Wittenberg College, preaching the dedicatory sermon. The Rev. A. R. Howbert has been Pastor of the church since its organization. A Sabbath school is held in the church. The Zanesfield Baptist Church was organized on the 11th day of May, 1872, by the following named members, holding letters of dismissal from Tharp's Run Baptist Church: Per. H. H. Dunaway, Lydia A. Dunaway, Jordan R. Runaway, Martha S. Dunaway, Phineas Runyan, Ruth Lowe, Elizabeth Elliott, Patience Henry, Sarah F. Draper, Sallie E. Scott, Amelia L. Scot:, Eliza A. Scott, and B. S. Scott. A council was called to meet the 8th day of June following, to consider the propriety of recognizing the church. The surrounding churches were invited to send delegates. On the day appointed, the council met in the Baptist meeting -house in Zanesfield, and organized by appointing Rev. James Harvey, Moderator, and Rev. John Wright, Clerk. After due discussion, the council agreed to recognize the church; after which, Rev. H. H. Runaway was called to act as Pastor, and B. S. Scott as Clerk. Elder H. H. Runaway continued Pastor of the church until the 1st of September, 1873. In August, 1874, Elder D. Vance was called, and served the church as Pastor for one year. From July, 1876, to September, 1877, Elder Vance supplied the pulpit, but lid not sustain the relationship of Pastor. The remainder of the tune the church has been without a Pastor until July, HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY - 429 1878; ; since which time Elder Milton Squibb has been Pastor of the church. In writing of. the early schools and school-houses of Jefferson Township, we have to enter at once on the field of conjecture to some extent. As early, probably, as 1818, a lame log house was erected in the north part of the township, for the purpose of a Baptist meeting-house. lts location was near the wouthwest corner of J. C. Kitchen's s farm, on the road from Zanesfield to Harper. It was used at a very early period-perhaps as early as 1822 - for a schoolhouse, and here the youth of the neighborhood received instruction at first from Richard Baldwin, Philip Stout and William Charles, and later from Joseph Robb, and Vincent Reams, and Wiliam Rain, after which it eventually gave place to the old schoolhouse in District No. 4:. A little after this-perhaps in 1823-a brick schoolhouse was built at Gusher meeting-house, preceded, however, by a log-house near by, in which one John Garretson taught. At the approach of Christmas, while he was teaching, the boys insisted that he should treat them to apples, which he persistently refused to do. They persuaded him by placing him intellectual part downward in a pool of water. Against this he remonstrated as well as he could under the unfavorable circumstances. Physical force, however, triumphed over argument and protest; the minority in strength and number had to submit to the majority; the apples were purchased, and hostilities ceased. We cannot state, certainly,. who taught in the brick house first. It is tolerably certain that Benjamin Stanton and B. S. Brown taught there, and it is reasonable to suppose that Brice Blair and Miss Ann Gunn taught there, as their names were familiar as teachers in the neighborhood. About the same time a brick schoolhouse was built near the present location of the Yew Salem church, but the early teachers are unknown at a later period. Asa Brown was a favorite teacher there. In the southwest quarter of the township the first house, so far as known, stood near the southwest corner of J. C. Mason's farm, on land then owned by his father, Edward Mason. It stood on a gentle elevation between two small branches that unite some rods westward of the building, near a spring from which water was obtained. Orginally in the midst of the forest, the timber had been taken from the plat around the building to construct it, and for fuel after it was completed. It was constructed of round logs, and was about 18x20 or 22 feet in size. A hole was cut in the east end, about six or eight feet wide in which to build the fireplace. This was built of boulders laid in clay mortar and secured and kept in place by a pen of split logs built on the outside. The chimney was built on top of this, of lath or split sticks of sufficient length to give it the proper size, and laid up in clay mortar so as to entirely protect the wood from the fire and render the structure very solid and permanent. The floor was of puncheon, hewed so as to give a good, smooth surface. It had one door in the youth side near the southwest corner. In the north side a log was removed the entire pee length, or possibly it was the power half of one log and the upper hall of the log below, was hewed away and sticks secured at intervals of eight or ten inches, so as to form something like a sash, on which paper was pasted and then oiled so as to transmit the light. Across the west end, light was obtained in the same manner. Under these openings, at the proper height, pins were inserted, having the proper inclination, on which wide boards were nailed for writing desks; slabs from the sawmill, or puncheons split from logs, with legs of the proper length h supplied the seats. A water bucket and tin, with a shelf to set it on, a poker or handspike to stir the fire with, a hickory broom, a shingle with OUT on one 430 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. side, and IN on the other, hung at the door, completed the outfit of furniture. The above description would apply to schoolhouses frequently met with previous to 1830, and occasionally afterwards; but better buildings were soon introduced, and after 1840 a schoolhouse without stoves, and glass windows would have indicated an unprogressive community. We cannot give the name of the first teacher in the house last mentioned; David Kemper, now a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church, taught there in the winter of 1831-2 ,. having a very interesting school, confined, however, to the study of orthography, reading, writing and arithmetic, in which very creditable progress was made by many of the pupils: In addition to the school already alluded to, many were taught in private dwellings, of which we only mention one, taught by Mary Brown, daughter of Aaron, in the cabin her father had first lived in, after he had moved into his brick house; one taught by Dr. Nathan M. Thomas, now of Schoolcraft, Michigan, in the old Simon Kenton house, standing on the bunks of Mad River, on the Middleburg road, probably in 1826, and one taught in the north room of the house occupied by Mr. J. G. Hamilton, in Zanesfield, by Miss Ann Amy, in 1830, in which only reading, writing and spelling were taught.. The first school taught in the brick schoolhouse in Zanesfield, in 1831, was by Orson Marsh, of Beekmantown, N. Y. It is impossible to give a correct statement in regard to wages of teachers. In subscriptions, the teacher received, probably, from $1.50 to $2.50 per pupil, for a term of three months. Later, when teachers were employed by the term, $45 to $60 per term of thirteen weeks, was considered good wages, the latter being seldom obtained in the country schools. We append statistics. kindly furnished by W. A. Outland, Township Clerk, of schools exclusive of Zanesfield Union School. Number of schoolhouses built within the last year, 1, cost, $300; number in township, 11; total value of school property, $3,500; number of teachers employed during the year, males, 4, females, 12; average wages of teachers per month, males, $36, females, $23; average number of weeks schools were in session, 30; number of different pupils enrolled during the year, boys-193, girls, 163, total 356; average monthly enrollmentboys, 152, girls, 118, total. 270; average day attendance-boys, 104, girls 87, total, 191: number of different pupils enrolled between 16 and 21 years of age-boys, 42, girls, 23, total 63; number of pupils in each branch of study, alphabet, 57; reading, 254; spelling, 299; writing, 253; arithmetic, 240: geography, 120; English grammar, 89; oral lessons, 122; composition, 30; drawing, 11; map drawing, 13; United States history, 11. The following sketch of the Zanesfield special district is furnished through the kindness of Dr. J. J. Coram: "While the common schools of America are her pride and boast, it is yet the aim of her best minds how to make them most efficient, and to raise the standard taught therein. It was to further these purposes that petitions were presented to the Township Board of Education, who met in Zanesfield, Ohio, October 17, 1853, praying that the sub-districts, Nos. 2 and 12, might be united, and known hereafter as District No. 2, and that a large and commodious brick building be erected, to be known as the Central or Township School house. The district would thus draw double the usual school funds, and so be enabled to employ a higher grade of talent as teachers. "It was doubtless the intention, too, that such scholars in the township as aspired after a higher standard of education than could be obtained at the smaller sub-districts might be accommodated here at the central district. "At any rate, the prayer of the petitioners was granted anted April 2, 1854. At the regular HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY. - 431 spring meeting, April 17, 1854, the Township Board of Education appointed Ephraim Means, Asa Brown and Thomas Pennock as the building committee, to whom was given the discretionary power to decide as to the kind, size, cost, etc., of the House to be built. They decided to build a two-room brick building of large size, and the contract was let to Whitson B. Sands. The house was completed in the fall, and Joseph Robb and Maria J. Inghram taught the first school in the new building. Here the school continued as a central district until a short time after the village was incorporated, when, by a vote of the people, it was changed to an independent village district. " The first Board of Directors was elected April 12,. 1869, consisting of Charles Folsom, for three years; Samuel L. Wonders, for two years. and Dr. J. S. Robb, for one year. The present building was becoming each year less able to accommodate the number of scholars attending the school; so it was decided to build a larger and a more commodious one, in a more suitable part of the village. "In the summer of 1875 the large four-room brick now occupied for school purposes was erected. It was put up under the superintendence of Ira Brown, Charles Folsom and Samuel L. Wonders, as directors. Though deficient in external beauty, it is pleasantly located; is well lighted and furnished with modern improvements. This, with the generally advanced grade of teachers employed, has left little to be desired in the way of opportunities offered for obtaining a common school education. "James M. Ebrite, Z. E. Rutan, and Mrs. S. J. Clyde were the teachers employed to teach the first term. "Last year, ear, the board tried the experiment of employing all lady teachers, which proved entirely satisfactory. The Superintendent having declined the position this term, a gentleman was employed in her place. The wages paid last year was $50, $35, and $30 per month; the present year, $45, $37.50, and $32.50 per month." (RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE)