Logan County, Ohio History

HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY - 535

CHAPTER XXII.

PERRY TOWNSHIP-TOPOGRAPHY AND DESCRIPTION - SETTLEMENT - EARLY IMPROVEMENTS - RELIGIOUS - EDUCATIONAL - TOWNS. ETC.

In the beginning of the century that is now reeling off the last quarter of its course, this beautiful stretch of country was an unbroken wilderness-the home of the Red Man and his kindred. Beside the purling streams and around the flowing springs he built his wigwam, and through the dense forests he tracked his game and pursued his flying prey. Behold the change! Less than four-score years have passed, and the wild whoop of the savage has died away in the distant west. Churches and schoolhouses have taken the place of his wigwam, and where his camp-fires blazed now stand the palatial homes of his pale-faced successors. And the dense woods-the giant trees of the forest-they hays disappeared before the enterprise of the white man. He has transformed the forest into smiling fields, and his domestic animals are found where once roamed the bear, the panther, the wolf and deer. Wonderful, indeed, has been the change!

This division of Logan County lies in the eastern range of townships, and was formerly a part of Zane Township, as really was the whole of Logan County. When set off from Zane, it embraced Bokes Creek Township within its limit, and so remained until 1837, when Bokes Creels was set oft', bringing Perry Township (so named in honor of Commodore Perry) down to its present dimensions and boundaries, which are as follows: In shape an oblong square, being six miles from north to south and four miles from east to west; bounded on the north by Bokes Creek Township, on the east by Union County, on the south by Zane Township, and on the west by Jefferson Township. It was Virginia military land, and the original surreys were made without regard to the cardinal points of the compass, but according to the convenience and the pleasure of the early settlers,

Geographically, Perry Township is located mostly in the valley of the Nile, otherwise of Otter and Mill Creeks, No more beautiful or fertile lands, we venture to say, border the Nile than are to be found in this section. About two-thirds of the township is a fine valley. and as rich land, to use the expression of one of its owner, "as ever a crow flew over." The central and eastern parts lie in this galley, and the land is a generally level surface, and of a rich deep soil. A portion of it was rather flat and marshy until artificial drainage reduced it to a state of fertility unsurpassed in any section of the county. The western portion of the township is rolling,

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and in places a little hilly. On the clay hills the land is somewhat poor in quality, but makes fine grazing and pasturage. The rolling lands to the west and northwest, in which the limestone exist, produces wheat, oats and grass in abundance. Along the western range of hills are found some fine ledges of limestone, which have been utilized by the opening of quarries, several of which are extensively used, and furnish an excellent building stone. Further west, as well as in the east part gravel beds are found of a good quality for building roads. The timber consists of the usual varieties common in this part of the country, viz: oak, hickory, beech, elm, ash, maple, walnut and poplar. The last two named were originally very plenty, and were used extensively in early times for rails. We were informed by a prominent citizen that there had been enough walnut and poplar timber made into rail, and otherwise wasted, to buy half the land in the township at the price at which poplar and walnut lumber now sells, There are but few streams coursing through Perry Township, and these are rather small and insignificant. The most important of them, however, are Otter and Mill Creeks. The latter has its source in Rush Creek Township, enters Perry near the northwest corner, flows in a southwesterly direction and unites with Otter Creek near the east line. Otter Creek comes in at the southwest corner, flows northeast and forms a junction with Mill Creek, and passes from the township near the center of the east line. Darbey, or Darley, Creek, is a small stream forming a. half circle through the extreme southern part of the township. Long Run has its source in the western part and flows near east to its junction with Otter Creek. Flat Branch is another small and sluggish stream in the southern pan of the township. A large number of fine springs and flowing wells, to which we shall again allude, abound in many places.

The authentic history of Perry Township begins with the coming of John Garwood, Sr., who is acknowledged the first white settler in this portion of the Otter Creek Valley. Tradition places his settlement in the year 1802, a tradition that is scarcely borne out by historical facts. Without entering into a discussion of the point, we will say that it is probable, from the most authentic information to be had, that he settled in the township of Perry not before 1803-4. John Garwood, the progenitor of all the Garwoods of this section of the county, came originally from the Old Dominion, and settled on the present site of the village of east Liberty. His pioneer cabin stood about 300 yards west of McCally's mill. He had several sons who came a few years after him; they were Daniel, Levi, Thomas, John, Isaiah and Lot. He also had several daughters. Hope, the eldest, married George Harris; Susanna married Joseph Ray; Margaret married Joshua Inskeep; Hester married John Inskeep, a brother to Joshua; and Deborah married Joseph Stokes. All of these are dead and gone. So far as is known there is not one of this family, even to the third generation, from the old pioneer, John Garwood, Sr., now living. Thomas and John Garwood, Jr., went to Illinois many years ago, and died there. Levi Garwood was one of the first. associate judges of the county, and another of the boys was one of the first ! justices of the peace after the formation of the county.

About the year 1805-6, three brother, Joshua, Job and John Inskeep, came to the present township of Perry. They, too, were from Virginia. John Inskeep was the first representative in the legislature of Champaign County (then embracing Logan), when Chillicothe was the capital of the State. They are all dead; but a number of descendants perpetuate their name in the county. Thomas

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James came to the township in 1810 and settled on what is now known as the Robert Green place. He was of Welsh descent; was born in Virginia, but not liking the institution of slavery, when arriving at the years of maturity he went to Pennsylvania. He remained there until his removal to Ohio. He first settled in Columbiana County, where he remained but a short time and then removed to Cincinnati. He resided in Cincinnati two years and then came to Perry township, as stated above, in 1810. He died in May, 1836. His children were Isaac, Hannah, Thomas, Sarah, Phoebe and Levi. All are dead except Phoebe (Mrs. Smith) and Hannah, who live together about a mile north of East Liberty. Hannah, a maiden lady over eighty years of age, possesses an excellent memory, and remembers with great accuracy many facts pertaining to the pioneer times. Four sons of Thomas James, Jr., are still living, three in the neighborhood, viz : Dr. S. N., N . N . and Frank E., and W. L. James, in Union County. Three sisters of these are also living.

Another pioneer family of this township was the Skidmore family. Wm. Skidmore came also from the Old Dominion, and settled in Columbiana Co., where he remained for a time, and came here about 1825-6. Joseph Skidmore, his eldest son, is still living and is eighty-two years of age. Daniel, Joshua, Isaac and William (the last two were twins) were also his sons, Of these Daniel and Isaac are living. He had five daughters-Saida and Ruth married David Ray (but not both at once); Parmelia married Jacob Humphreys, and Mary married Levi Lane. The last two are living. The Skidmores were an excellent family of people. They are spoken of as "good farmer, honest, good men, and good Baptists." In 1808, Samuel Ballinger came from New Jersey, and settled about two miles south of the village of East Liberty, in the southern part of the township. Of a large family all are now gone, and no nearer descendants than grandchildren are living here. John Bishop was a Virginian, and was an early settler, but has been so long dead that little is remembered of him.

An interesting character, whose history is intimately connected with the pioneers of Perry Township, was Anthony Banks, a colored man. He is believed to have come from Virginia, but whether he had ever been a slave or not is not known. He was very energetic and industrious, and eventually grew rich. He cut cord-wood in the vicinity of Sandusky, and bought his wife, who was originally a slave, and by her he raised a large family of stalwart sons and daughters, whose general appearance betokened along life, but all of w whom (except one) died early, and many of them with consumption. One daughter went to Canada and married a white man-a Canadian Frenchman and died soon after, leaving one child. The husband, who is said to have been attracted to her personal charms by the property she was to inherit, came on here with the child after her death, and remained some time with her family. Only one son, Washington Banks, of all this family, survives. He lives in the east part of the township on a farm left him by his father. Old Anthony, it is said, owned the first silver-mounted harness, and the first buggy with silver-tipped hub, ever seen in Perry Township, and his daughters wore the first silk dresses that were worn in the settlement. Many fabulous stories are told of Old Anthony's wealth. When he bought his fine buggy and harness, he was said to have had a half bushel measure full of silver and gold coin left, all of which he offered to a man named Bill Carter if he would marry one of his daughters. Bill declined the honor. There is no doubt but Banks was very wealthy, but as is usually the

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case, the earth had scarcely closed over the old man before his children commenced the distribution of it with reckless hand, and it disappeared more rapidly than it had been accumulated. In the last sickness of Mrs, Bank, Dr. James attended her. When he saw that her hours were numbered, he told her in the evening, as he felt it his duty to do, that she could not live until the next morning. "Bless de Lord," said she, "I'll soon be free. I has never been free. Mr. Banks bought me, and has been his slave just as I was de slave of de white people. Bless de Lord, I is almost free now," and thus she died.

Further contributions to the township settlement, from Old Virginia, were Christopher Smith, Isaac Hatcher, Herbert Baird, and Lewis Sullivan. Mr. Smith came about 1806-7, and has been dead many years. Hatcher came soon after Smith, and settled in the northwest part of the township. He went to Champaign County, where he afterwards died. A grandson still perpetuates his name in this township. Mr. Baird was a local preacher of the Methodist Church, and settled one mile west of the village of East Liberty. He died about 1830-1; his widow survived him a number of years. Sullivan came about 1822 and settled a mile west of Baird's. He had settled previously in Jefferson Township, but sold out there and moved over into Perry. He removed to Illinois about 1858, and none of his descendants are here now.

The Old Keystone State furnished the following families, most of whom located near each other, thus forming a kind of Pennsylvania settlement: Richard Humphreys, William Fisher, Simpkin Harriman, Stephen and Nehemiah Green, and Samuel Supler. Humphreys was a Welshman by birth, but had been living for some time in Pennsylvania before emigrating to Ohio, which he did at a very early day, He died about 1830. Fisher came between 1820 and 1825, and settled on Mill Creek, about four miles north of East Liberty. Both he and his wife died in this township, but descendants are still living here. Harriman came about the same time Fisher did, and settled on an adjoining farm. A daughter married Wm. Fisher and is still living. Stephen Harriman, a son, still perpetuates the name. Stephen Green settled on an adjoining farm to Harriman. He moved to one of the Western States about 1835, where he died. Nehemiah Green came very early, and settled on a farm half a mile west of Liberty. He died more than forty years ago. Samuel Supler settled on an adjoining farm to Harriman and Green. He died on the place of his original settlement, since the beginning of the present year, (1880) at the advanced age of eighty-four years-the oldest man, at the time of his death, in the township. He has two daughters still living; two sons went into the army during the late war, but never returned.

The following early settlers came from New Jersey : Edward Harding, Josiah Austin, Henry Reymer and Thomas Freer. Harding came about 1825, is still living and is about 82 years of age. He settled two miles southwest of the village of Liberty, where he still lives. He has a son, Geo. W. Harding, and two daughters living in the township. Mr. Austin settled one mile south of Liberty, He was an old man when he came to the township, and is long since gathered to his Fathers. He had four sons and four daughters, all of whom are dead, except two daughters, Mrs. Garwood and Mrs. Shepherd, both widows. Reymer came about 1818; he settled in the southwest part of the township, where he died many years ago. A son still lives on the old homestead. Freer settled an adjoining farm to Reymer, and came about the same time. He is long since dead, and has no descendants living here nearer than

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grandchildren. Joseph Randall came in the fall of 1832, and was from Virginia. He is still living, and a resident of East Liberty, John McCally is a Pennsylvania dutchman, of Scottish origin and descent, and settled in the township in the spring of 1833; he is here yet, and says he wants to stay just as long as possible, as he don't know what kind of a place he may get into when he leaves. He is a good man, and a regular walking encyclopedia. He and Dr. James are responsible for much of the information on which the history of this township is based, and if anything is found to be incorrect, we tumble it off on them. We never make any mistake, not even in politics, Settlers were flocking in now with such rapidity, that it was not easy to keep track of them, much less to give their settlement in chronological order. The rich lands lying in the valley of Otter and Mill Creeks attracted emigrants hither, and when the flow once sec in, the country was rapidly settled up.

The great want of a mill was felt in an early period of the settlement in the galley, This want John Garwood, Sr., determined to supply, and but a few years after he had settled in the township, he set about building a mill on Otter Creek. This first mill was located some 300 or 400 yards from the present one, and is supposed to have been built at least seventy years ago, or about the year 1810. It was, some years afterward, removed to the present site, under the management of Thomas James, Dr. James' father, who was a mill-right by trade. This mill was patronized by the people for many miles around. "Garwood's Mill " was a noted place, and was well known at a great distance. It was a kind of center of a considerable extent, of country, and from it all the early roads and trails diverged It is now owned by John McCally, and has been improved and remodeled, until it is a little like the fellow's gun-not even the old lock, stock or barrel is left. It is still known, however, as the "old Garwood Mill." It is now a large two-story frame building, with two run of burr, and a capacity for grinding 150 bushels of grain in twenty-four hours. Its power is from Otter Creek, and numerous flowing wells along the "race," which contribute greatly to the volume of water,

William B. Moore had a mill at one time near the junction of Otter and Mill Creeks, but it finally went down-the creek. During a time of high water it was washed away, and was never rebuilt. It was an enterprise of a rather brief career, A distillery was established at Garwood's Mill, and operated during the years of 1832 and 1833 by Thomas James and William Smith. They sold it to a man muted Brook, who operated it for a year or two and then ceased the business. It has never since been resumed in the township, a fact which redounds to the credit of its citizens,

When the whites first came to Perry Township there were plenty of Indians in the surrounding country. Although these were no vi lager in the township, or in the territory now embraced in the township, they frequently came from their towns and villages and encamped at the numerous springs in this section, sometimes for a month or two, while hunting. Miss Hannah James remembers numerous visits of this kind, and their corning to her father's house when in the neighborhood. They were on friendly terms with the white people and never committed any depredations. They were of the Delaware and Shawnee tribe, and came mostly from the Lewistown Reservation. After the close of the war they were removed to reservations farther west, and

" Lo ! the poor Indian, whose untutored mind

Sees God in the clouds; and hears his whispers in the wind,"

540 - HISTORY OF LOGAN COUNTY.

became a thing of the past. The red man is gone; his hunting-grounds are smiling field, and few now living in the township remember ever to have seen an Indian.

As the war-whoop of the savage died away the voice of the preacher was heard as "one crying in the wilderness" The first ministers belonged to the society of Friend, who used merely to "speak in meeting." John Garwood, Sr., was one of these, and was in the habit of preaching, or "speaking:" Rev. Herbert Baird, already mentioned among the early settler, was perhaps the first Methodist preacher. He was a local preacher, but some time before his death he attached hirer self to Conference and was placed in charge of a Circuit, and thus became a regular itinerant. Elders Samuel Bradford and David Dudley were among the first Baptist preachers. The first church organized and the first house of worship built was by the Methodists at East Liberty. The present site of the town of North Greenfield was a camp-meeting around long before there was a town laid out on it. A Methodist Church was finally built on this old camp-ground, and is still used as such, it being now in the village of Greenfield. Before the era of churches the people's cabins were used as substitues, and when a preacher came into the neighborhood the people were notified, and collected at some one of the larger cabins and listened to the Word, proclaimed in the simple language of the time. The "Quaker Church," as it is called, is situated a mile or two west of North Greenfield. The first church was built about 1850, and a few years afterwards burned down. The present edifice was built about the commencement of the late war. It is a frame building of modern architecture, and presents a neat appearance. Mary Elliott is the principal minister, and has been since the first organization of a church in this neighborhood. A cemetery has been laid out adjacent to the church, and forms a pretty little hurting-ground. There is also a cemetery at the Supler schoolhouse, but a short distance from the church.

The Union Baptist Church, located in the Skidmore neighborhood, was built about 1858-60. Among the first preachers was Elder Dudley, already mentioned asa pioneer Baptist preacher. He dedicated it when it was completed. It has a large membership and an interesting Sabbath School. Rev. Mr. Lash is at present the Pastor.

The United Brethren built a church a mile or two north of East Liberty about the year 1850. But it has not been used as a temple of worship for fifteen or twenty years. It is now owned by E. Akey, who uses it as a grain and wool warehouse. The first resident physician in the township was Dr. J. W. Hamilton, who came in 1836. He was an able physician, and had an extensive practice until he retired from active professional life. While in practice he had ten students, who read under his tutorage, all of whom became physicians of considerable note, and some of them quite famous. These students were his three brother, William R., Edward and John L. Hamilton, Alonzo Garwood, William Sullivan, Sr., Johnson, Amen Davis, W. J. Sullivan, Josiah Whitaker and S. N. James. The three Hamiltons went to Peoria, Illinois; Edward died there, and John L. is publishing a medical magazine in Peoria at the present time. He was a delegate from the United States a few years ago to the Medical Association of Europe. Dr. Garwood lives in Michigan, and has served two terms in the State Senate. Whitaker died of consumption. William Sullivan lives in Allen County, William J. Sullivan in Urbana. Johnson is dead, and Dr. James still lives near East Liberty, but has retired from practice, and spends his time in leisure and in entertaining his friends. Christopher Smith was an early

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Justice of the Peace, and held the office and dealt out justice to the offenders of the law when this was Champaign County. John Garwood was also an early Justice, the next, perhaps, after Smith. The first death in the neighborhood was that of John Bishop's wife, but the date is not remembered. She was buried at what is now known as the Inskeep burying ground. The first birth and the first marriage are events that have passed out of remembrance long since.

When the settlement of Perry Township commenced there were no road, but paths and Indian trails through the forest. The first road cut out led from Garwood's mill to Big Spring, where it intersected the Zanesfield and Sandusky road. The nest road was from Garwood's mill to the Skidmore settlement, Garwood's mill being the most important place in the county for miles; the roads all centered there, or diverged from that point. The Bellefontaine .and Marysville road was the first turnpike built through the township. The Zanesfield and Middleburg pike was built previous to the one above mentioned; only a half mile of it, however is in Perry Township. There is now about fifteen miles of turnpike in the township, and others under contract. No section of the county is better supplied with first class roads than Perry. A railroad is the only additional thoroughfare it really needs. Such a line of travel would be of incalculable value to the township. The hopes of the people have several times been raised to the highest pitch in expectation of getting a railroad, but so far they have failed to be realized. The Bellefontaine, Delaware & Mount Vernon Railroad, a project agitated y ears ago, has been graded through the township, and sufficient funds have been subscribed to complete it. The people of Perry stand ready at any time to do their part.

The first mercantile venture was made by Lot Inskeep, who opened a store about 1826 on the road leading from Garwood's mill to Big Spring, only a short distance from the mill. C. H. Austin succeeded him, and did business at the same place for a year or two, when, upon the laying out of East Liberty, the store was moved into the town. The first tavern was kept in the village of East Liberty, and the first postoffice was established at Garwood's Mill, and went by the name of the mill until the laying out of the village, when it was changed to East Liberty. Isaiah Garwood was the Postmaster, and the mail was brought on horseback once a week, passing this office on its way from Columbus to Bellefontaine.

Education received due attention from the early settlers of this section of country. One of the first teachers remembered was Mathias Williams. He taught just over the line in Zane township, but his school had quite as many supporters from Perry as from Zane. The schoolhouse built at this point is in Zane township, but the district is partly in Perry, and the graveyard at the schoolhouse, lies on the line between the two townships. A man named David Reed taught in East Liberty about 1815-16. John Garwood was the next teacher. Simpkin Harriman was also an early teacher. The houses in which these early schools were taught were the proverbial " log schoolhouse," with mud-daubed cracks, puncheon floor, stick chimney, etc. The pioneer schoolhouse is another "relic of barbarism" that has passed away. In its stead we now find the handsome and commodious frame or brick schoolhouse, filled with patent desks and modern furniture, and perfectly ventilated and heated. Perry, with its half dozen modern schoolhouse, compares favorably in educational facilities with any township in Logan County. Competent teachers are employed, and the school, which are taught for the usual term each year, are in a flourishing

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condition. The population of Perry from 1840 to 1880, inclusive, is as follows: 1840, 1,014; 1850, 1,337; 1860, 1,110; 1870, 922; 1880, 1,003. *

East Liberty was laid out in March, 1834, by John Bowyer, and , is located on survey 4689, conveyed by John Garwood to John Bowyer. The plat is signed by James W. Marmon, County Surveyor. Since laying out the place an addition has been made to it by McClain and Robinson. Josiah Austin, Sr., built the first residence, and John McCally put up the second dwelling house. The first store was kept by King & Hitchens, and succeeded the one kept on the road a short distance from Garwood's Mill, already alluded to. They opened goods in October, 1834. The nest store was kept by White & Allen, who were in business about 1836. The first blacksmith was James Seaman. John Ewing was the first shoemaker. John McCally opened a tannery in 1833, and continued it for ten years, when he sold it to Job H. Sharp. The latter gentleman continued it until the business of tanning became one of the lost arts. Samuel Crook was an early saddler. The first postoffice was called Garwood's Mill, as already stated. After the town was laid out the office was moved, and the name changed to the one it now bears. In place of the weekly horseback mail, a daily mail by hack passes to and from Bellefontaine. F. E. James is the present Postmaster. The first tavern was kept by S. B. Taylor in the house now occupied by Mrs. Humphreys as a residence. The next was kept by Joseph Seaman. The "Liberty House " is now in charge of E. S. Stoves, an efficient landlord. Dr. Hamilton was the first doctor in the village, as well as the first in the township. By the present census, the village has a population of 225.

The first schools in East Liberty were taught

* The population of East Liberty is given separately.

by John Garwood, David Reed and Simon Leaman. A log house was built for school purposes near where the present. one now stands. It was used for several year, when a larger one was built, and it in its turn gave place to the present one. Still another might be built with credit to the town. It is a one story frame, and presents a rather dilapidated appearance.

The Methodist Church was the first organized in the village, and was formed before the village was laid out; Rev. George Walker was one of the first preachers. A log church was built in 1835, and was used until replaced by the present frame, which was erected about the year 1850. It cost scene $800 in money; much of the work and material being donated. It is forty by fifty feet in dimension, and has but a small membership. Rev, Mr. Wells is Pastor. A flourishing Sabbath School is maintained, of which H. Ballinger, Jr., is Superintendent.

The present Baptist Church was built in 1862. A log church had been built a number of years before, near the center of the village; the present edifice is a substantial frame, Rev. Mr, Whitaker is the pastor. The Sabbath School is a union school with the United Presbyterian Church. The church building of this denomination stands just across the street from the Baptist Church, and was built in 1875; it is a modern frame, and cost about $2,200; Rev. Luther Smith is the pastor. The Union Sabbath School maintained at this church, in connection with the Baptists, is large and flourishing, and is under the superintendence of Moses Emerson.

The business of East Liberty sums up about as follows: Two general store, one grocery store, one drug store, one blacksmith shop, one wagon shop, one cabinet and furniture shop, two shoe shop, one harness shop, one mill, one postoffice, three churches, one schoolhouse, one hotel, one Masonic lodge, and two doctors:

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East Liberty Lodge, No. 247, A. F. & A. M., was chartered October 18, 1854, by L. V. Bierce, Grand Master, and J. D. Caldwell, Grand Secretary. The charter members were Isaac B. Dutton, Jas. W. Ballinger, Z. M. Hiatte, Isaac Johnson, T. F. McAdam, Job Wickersham, Job H. Sharp, Jno. McLain, Daniel McLain, Phineas January, Joshua B. Sharp, C. B. Sharp, and H. A. Reynolds, The first officers were Isaac B. Dutton, Master; Jas. W. Ballinger, Senior Warden , and Z. M. Hiatte, Junior Warden. There are sixty-one member, with the following officers: J. D. Inskeep, Master; J. W. Haines, Senior Warden; W. S. Southard, Junior Warden; John McCally, Treasurer; R. R. Smith, Secretary; J. W. Handing, Senior Deacon; A. G. Heath, Junior Deacon, and Isaac Rogers, Tiler.

One of the finest features of East Liberty is its flowing wells, which are objects of more than common interest. A plentiful supply of pure water is above earthly price. The lofty columns of Persepolis are mouldering into dust, but its cisterns and aqueducts re main to challenge our admiration. Although the glory of East Liberty is on the wane, its flowing wells are not surpassed by the sparkling fountains of Tadmor in the wilderness. The flowing wells in and around East Liberty abound in the most plentiful profusion. Water is obtained at a depth of from twenty to sixty feet. It often rushes up with a force that will carry it into the second story of house, through pipe, in the same manner of city water-works. The "race" of McCally's mill is fed be several of these well, one of which flows up through a three-inch pipe, a continual stream. Some of these wells are strongly magnetic, while others are tinctured with iron. All that is wanting to make East Liberty a famous resort and watering place, is a railroad, a little capital, and a moderate supply of energy and enterprise.

North Greenfield is located on survey No. 4,210, of military land. It was surveyed and laid out by S. A. Harbison, County Surveyor, for the proprietor, Henry Van Vheris, June 1847, and the plat recorded November 12, 1848. The place consists of a collection of perhaps a dozen houses, one store, two or three shop, a church and a postoffiice. The town was originally called "Mudsock," from the immense quantity of mud which used to appear there in the winter season.

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